{"pageNumber":"142","pageRowStart":"3525","pageSize":"25","recordCount":16458,"records":[{"id":70099919,"text":"70099919 - 2014 - Floodplain biogeochemical processing of floodwaters in the Atchafalaya River Basin during the Mississippi River flood of 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-16T16:09:35","indexId":"70099919","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-17T09:04:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2320,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Floodplain biogeochemical processing of floodwaters in the Atchafalaya River Basin during the Mississippi River flood of 2011","docAbstract":"The 2011 flood in the Lower Mississippi resulted in the second highest recorded river flow diverted into the Atchafalaya River Basin (ARB). The higher water levels during the flood peak resulted in high hydrologic connectivity between the Atchafalaya River and floodplain, with up to 50% of the Atchafalaya River water moving off channel. Water quality samples were collected throughout the ARB over the course of the flood event. Significant nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub>-) reduction (75%) occurred within the floodplain, resulting in a total NO<sub>3</sub>- reduction of 16.6% over the flood. The floodplain was a small but measurable source of dissolved reactive phosphorus (SRP) and ammonium (NH<sub>4</sub>+). Collectively, these results from this large flood event suggest that enhancing river-floodplain connectivity through freshwater diversions will reduce NO<sub>3</sub>- loads to the Gulf of Mexico during large annual floods.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/2013JG002477","usgsCitation":"Scott, D.T., Keim, R., Edwards, B., Jones, C.N., and Kroes, D.E., 2014, Floodplain biogeochemical processing of floodwaters in the Atchafalaya River Basin during the Mississippi River flood of 2011: Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, v. 119, no. 4, p. 537-546, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JG002477.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"537","endPage":"546","numberOfPages":"10","ipdsId":"IP-054527","costCenters":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473106,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2013jg002477","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":285087,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":285086,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2013JG002477"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Atchafalaya River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -91.8258,29.4749 ], [ -91.8258,31.0271 ], [ -91.1721,31.0271 ], [ -91.1721,29.4749 ], [ -91.8258,29.4749 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"119","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-04-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5351703ce4b05569d805a206","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scott, Durelle T.","contributorId":102383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"Durelle","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keim, Richard F.","contributorId":21858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keim","given":"Richard F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Edwards, Brandon L.","contributorId":35231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Brandon L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jones, C. Nathan","contributorId":38894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Nathan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kroes, Daniel E.","contributorId":32260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kroes","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70095788,"text":"70095788 - 2014 - Applying downscaled global climate model data to a hydrodynamic surface-water and groundwater model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-11T12:58:56","indexId":"70095788","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-11T12:53:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":725,"text":"American Journal of Climate Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Applying downscaled global climate model data to a hydrodynamic surface-water and groundwater model","docAbstract":"Precipitation data from Global Climate Models have been downscaled to smaller regions. Adapting this downscaled precipitation data to a coupled hydrodynamic surface-water/groundwater model of southern Florida allows an examination of future conditions and their effect on groundwater levels, inundation patterns, surface-water stage and flows, and salinity. The downscaled rainfall data include the 1996-2001 time series from the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting ERA-40 simulation and both the 1996-1999 and 2038-2057 time series from two global climate models: the Community Climate System Model (CCSM) and the Geophysical Fluid Dynamic Laboratory (GFDL). Synthesized surface-water inflow datasets were developed for the 2038-2057 simulations. The resulting hydrologic simulations, with and without a 30-cm sea-level rise, were compared with each other and field data to analyze a range of projected conditions. Simulations predicted generally higher future stage and groundwater levels and surface-water flows, with sea-level rise inducing higher coastal salinities. A coincident rise in sea level, precipitation and surface-water flows resulted in a narrower inland saline/fresh transition zone. The inland areas were affected more by the rainfall difference than the sea-level rise, and the rainfall differences make little difference in coastal inundation, but a larger difference in coastal salinities.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Journal of Climate Change","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Scientific Research Publishing Inc.","publisherLocation":"Irvine, CA","doi":"10.4236/ajcc.2014.31004","usgsCitation":"Swain, E., Stefanova, L., and Smith, T., 2014, Applying downscaled global climate model data to a hydrodynamic surface-water and groundwater model: American Journal of Climate Change, v. 3, no. 1, p. 33-49, https://doi.org/10.4236/ajcc.2014.31004.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"33","endPage":"49","numberOfPages":"17","ipdsId":"IP-038872","costCenters":[{"id":285,"text":"Florida Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473113,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ajcc.2014.31004","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":283835,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":283834,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=43632#.Ux9OwPRDuVM"},{"id":283774,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajcc.2014.31004"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82.8998,24.5211 ], [ -82.8998,27.8146 ], [ 24.5211,27.8146 ], [ 24.5211,24.5211 ], [ -82.8998,24.5211 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"3","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5351701ee4b05569d805a156","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swain, Eric 0000-0001-7168-708X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7168-708X","contributorId":23347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swain","given":"Eric","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stefanova, Lydia","contributorId":48300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stefanova","given":"Lydia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Thomas","contributorId":46416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70048055,"text":"70048055 - 2014 - Antecedent flow conditions and nitrate concentrations in the Mississippi River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-04T11:15:54","indexId":"70048055","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-10T09:35:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1928,"text":"Hydrology and Earth System Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Antecedent flow conditions and nitrate concentrations in the Mississippi River basin","docAbstract":"The relationship between antecedent flow conditions and nitrate concentrations was explored at eight sites in the 2.9 million square kilometers (km<sup>2</sup>) Mississippi River basin, USA. Antecedent flow conditions were quantified as the ratio between the mean daily flow of the previous year and the mean daily flow from the period of record (Qratio), and the Qratio was statistically related to nitrate anomalies (the unexplained variability in nitrate concentration after filtering out season, long-term trend, and contemporaneous flow effects) at each site. Nitrate anomaly and Qratio were negatively related at three of the four major tributary sites and upstream in the Mississippi River, indicating that when mean daily streamflow during the previous year was lower than average, nitrate concentrations were higher than expected. The strength of these relationships increased when data were subdivided by contemporaneous flow conditions. Five of the eight sites had significant negative relationships (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05) at high or moderately high contemporaneous flows, suggesting nitrate that accumulates in these basins during a drought is flushed during subsequent high flows. At half of the sites, when mean daily flow during the previous year was 50 percent lower than average, nitrate concentration can be from 9 to 27 percent higher than nitrate concentrations that follow a year with average mean daily flow. Conversely, nitrate concentration can be from 8 to 21 percent lower than expected when flow during the previous year was 50 percent higher than average. Previously documented for small, relatively homogenous basins, our results suggest that relationships between antecedent flows and nitrate concentrations are also observable at a regional scale. Relationships were not observed (using all contemporaneous flow data together) for basins larger than 1 million km<sup>2</sup>, suggesting that above this limit the overall size and diversity within these basins may necessitate the use of more complicated statistical approaches or that there may be no discernible basin-wide relationship with antecedent flow. The relationships between nitrate concentration and Qratio identified in this study serve as the basis for future studies that can better define specific hydrologic processes occurring during and after a drought (or high flow period) which influence nitrate concentration, such as the duration or magnitude of low flows, and the timing of low and high flows.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrology and Earth System Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Hydrology and Earth System Science","doi":"10.5194/hessd-10-11451-2013","usgsCitation":"Murphy, J.C., Hirsch, R.M., and Sprague, L.A., 2014, Antecedent flow conditions and nitrate concentrations in the Mississippi River basin: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, p. 967-979, https://doi.org/10.5194/hessd-10-11451-2013.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"967","endPage":"979","ipdsId":"IP-045515","costCenters":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473114,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/hessd-10-11451-2013","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":288062,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":277439,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-10-11451-2013"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.8,24.5 ], [ -124.8,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,24.5 ], [ -124.8,24.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53903fe4e4b04eea98bf84ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murphy, Jennifer C. 0000-0002-0881-0919 jmurphy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0881-0919","contributorId":4281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"Jennifer","email":"jmurphy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hirsch, Robert M. 0000-0002-4534-075X rhirsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4534-075X","contributorId":2005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hirsch","given":"Robert","email":"rhirsch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37316,"text":"WMA - Integrated Information Dissemination Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sprague, Lori A. 0000-0003-2832-6662 lsprague@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2832-6662","contributorId":726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sprague","given":"Lori","email":"lsprague@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70068816,"text":"ds818 - 2014 - Quality of surface water in Missouri, water year 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-10T11:14:27","indexId":"ds818","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-05T11:17:06","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"818","title":"Quality of surface water in Missouri, water year 2012","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Natural Resources, designed and operates a series of monitoring stations on streams and springs throughout Missouri known as the Ambient Water-Quality Monitoring Network. During the 2012 water year (October 1, 2011, through September 30, 2012), data were collected at 81 stations&mdash;73 Ambient Water-Quality Monitoring Network stations, 6 alternate Ambient Water-Quality Monitoring Network stations, and 2 U.S. Geological Survey National Stream Quality Accounting Network stations. Dissolved oxygen, specific conductance, water temperature, suspended solids, suspended sediment, fecal coliform bacteria, Escherichia coli bacteria, dissolved nitrate plus nitrite as nitrogen, total phosphorus, dissolved and total recoverable lead and zinc, and select pesticide compound summaries are presented for 78 of these stations. The stations primarily have been classified into groups corresponding to the physiography of the State, primary land use, or unique station types. In addition, a summary of hydrologic conditions in the State including peak discharges, monthly mean discharges, and 7-day low flow is presented.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds818","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Barr, M.N., 2014, Quality of surface water in Missouri, water year 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 818, iv, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds818.","productDescription":"iv, 24 p.","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051073","costCenters":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":283383,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds818.jpg"},{"id":283381,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/818/"},{"id":283382,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/818/pdf/ds818.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95.77,36.0 ], [ -95.77,40.61 ], [ -89.1,40.61 ], [ -89.1,36.0 ], [ -95.77,36.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6ea1e4b0b29085105e7d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barr, Miya N. 0000-0002-9961-9190 mnbarr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9961-9190","contributorId":3686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barr","given":"Miya","email":"mnbarr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70056140,"text":"sir20135201 - 2014 - Simulation of groundwater flow pathlines and freshwater/saltwater transition zone movement, Manhasset Neck, Nassau County, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-11T12:42:53","indexId":"sir20135201","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-05T09:55:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5201","title":"Simulation of groundwater flow pathlines and freshwater/saltwater transition zone movement, Manhasset Neck, Nassau County, New York","docAbstract":"A density-dependent groundwater flow and solute transport model of Manhasset Neck, Long Island, New York, was used to analyze (1) the effects of seasonal stress on the position of the freshwater/saltwater transition zone and (2) groundwater flowpaths. The following were used in the simulation: 182 transient stress periods, representing the historical record from 1920 to 2011, and 44 transient stress periods, representing future hypothetical conditions from 2011 to 2030. Simulated water-level and salinity (chloride concentration) values are compared with values from a previously developed two-stress-period (1905–1944 and 1945–2005) model. The 182-stress-period model produced salinity (chloride concentration) values that more accurately matched the observed salinity (chloride concentration) values in response to hydrologic stress than did the two-stress-period model, and salinity ranged from zero to about 3 parts per thousand (equivalent to zero to 1,660 milligrams per liter chloride). The 182-stress-period model produced improved calibration statistics of water-level measurements made throughout the study area than did the two-stress-period model, reducing the Lloyd aquifer root mean square error from 7.0 to 5.2 feet. Decreasing horizontal and vertical hydraulic conductivities (fixed anisotropy ratio) of the Lloyd and North Shore aquifers by 20 percent resulted in nearly doubling the simulated salinity(chloride concentration) increase at Port Washington observation well N12508. Groundwater flowpath analysis was completed for 24 production wells to delineate water source areas. The freshwater/saltwater transition zone moved toward and(or) away from wells during future hypothetical scenarios.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135201","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Town of North Hempstead and the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","usgsCitation":"Misut, P., and Aphale, O., 2014, Simulation of groundwater flow pathlines and freshwater/saltwater transition zone movement, Manhasset Neck, Nassau County, New York (First posted March 5, 2014; Version 1.1, July 11, 2014): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5201, Report: vii, 44 p.; 2 Videos, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135201.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 44 p.; 2 Videos","numberOfPages":"56","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-034695","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":283379,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135201.jpg"},{"id":283375,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5201/"},{"id":283377,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5201/video/sir2013-5201_video1.mp4"},{"id":283378,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5201/video/sir2013-5201_video2.mp4"},{"id":283376,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5201/pdf/sir2013-5201.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Nassau County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -73.76,40.6 ], [ -73.76,41.0 ], [ -73.5,41.0 ], [ -73.5,40.6 ], [ -73.76,40.6 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"First posted March 5, 2014; Version 1.1, July 11, 2014","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517062e4b05569d805a3b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Misut, Paul","contributorId":93822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Misut","given":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aphale, Omkar","contributorId":47695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aphale","given":"Omkar","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70129176,"text":"70129176 - 2014 - Analysis of the present and future winter Pacific-North American teleconnection in the ECHAM5 global and RegCM3 regional climate models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-17T15:29:35","indexId":"70129176","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-01T15:23:49","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1248,"text":"Climate Dynamics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of the present and future winter Pacific-North American teleconnection in the ECHAM5 global and RegCM3 regional climate models","docAbstract":"We use the NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis (NCEP) and the MPI/ECHAM5 general circulation model to drive the RegCM3 regional climate model to assess the ability of the models to reproduce the spatiotemporal aspects of the Pacific-North American teleconnection (PNA) pattern. Composite anomalies of the NCEP-driven RegCM3 simulations for 1982–2000 indicate that the regional model is capable of accurately simulating the key features (500-hPa heights, surface temperature, and precipitation) of the positive and negative phases of the PNA with little loss of information in the downscaling process. The basic structure of the PNA is captured in both the ECHAM5 global and ECHAM5-driven RegCM3 simulations. The 1950–2000 ECHAM5 simulation displays similar temporal and spatial variability in the PNA index as that of NCEP; however, the magnitudes of the positive and negative phases are weaker than those of NCEP. The RegCM3 simulations clearly differentiate the climatology and associated anomalies of snow water equivalent and soil moisture of the positive and negative PNA phases. In the RegCM3 simulations of the future (2050–2100), changes in the location and extent of the Aleutian low and the continental high over North America alter the dominant flow patterns associated with positive and negative PNA modes. The future projections display a shift in the patterns of the relationship between the PNA and surface climate variables, which suggest the potential for changes in the PNA-related surface hydrology of North America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Climate Dynamics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00382-013-1910-x","usgsCitation":"Allan, A.M., Hostetler, S.W., and Alder, J.R., 2014, Analysis of the present and future winter Pacific-North American teleconnection in the ECHAM5 global and RegCM3 regional climate models: Climate Dynamics, v. 42, no. 5-6, p. 1671-1682, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-013-1910-x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1671","endPage":"1682","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-049534","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295469,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295465,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-013-1910-x"}],"otherGeospatial":"North America, North Pacific","volume":"42","issue":"5-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54422f9be4b0192a5a42f3ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allan, Andrea M.","contributorId":24714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allan","given":"Andrea","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hostetler, Steven W. 0000-0003-2272-8302 swhostet@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2272-8302","contributorId":3249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hostetler","given":"Steven","email":"swhostet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":503507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alder, Jay R. 0000-0003-2378-2853 jalder@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2378-2853","contributorId":5118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alder","given":"Jay","email":"jalder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":503508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70058544,"text":"70058544 - 2014 - Sampling trace organic compounds in water: a comparison of a continuous active sampler to continuous passive and discrete sampling methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-04T16:30:43","indexId":"70058544","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-01T12:56:45","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sampling trace organic compounds in water: a comparison of a continuous active sampler to continuous passive and discrete sampling methods","docAbstract":"A continuous active sampling method was compared to continuous passive and discrete sampling methods for the sampling of trace organic compounds (TOCs) in water. Results from each method are compared and contrasted in order to provide information for future investigators to use while selecting appropriate sampling methods for their research. The continuous low-level aquatic monitoring (CLAM) sampler (C.I.Agent® Storm-Water Solutions) is a submersible, low flow-rate sampler, that continuously draws water through solid-phase extraction media. CLAM samplers were deployed at two wastewater-dominated stream field sites in conjunction with the deployment of polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS) and the collection of discrete (grab) water samples. All samples were analyzed for a suite of 69 TOCs. The CLAM and POCIS samples represent time-integrated samples that accumulate the TOCs present in the water over the deployment period (19–23 h for CLAM and 29 days for POCIS); the discrete samples represent only the TOCs present in the water at the time and place of sampling. Non-metric multi-dimensional scaling and cluster analysis were used to examine patterns in both TOC detections and relative concentrations between the three sampling methods. A greater number of TOCs were detected in the CLAM samples than in corresponding discrete and POCIS samples, but TOC concentrations in the CLAM samples were significantly lower than in the discrete and (or) POCIS samples. Thirteen TOCs of varying polarity were detected by all of the three methods. TOC detections and concentrations obtained by the three sampling methods, however, are dependent on multiple factors. This study found that stream discharge, constituent loading, and compound type all affected TOC concentrations detected by each method. In addition, TOC detections and concentrations were affected by the reporting limits, bias, recovery, and performance of each method.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science of the Total Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.12.082","usgsCitation":"Coes, A.L., Paretti, N., Foreman, W., Iverson, J.L., and Alvarez, D., 2014, Sampling trace organic compounds in water: a comparison of a continuous active sampler to continuous passive and discrete sampling methods: Science of the Total Environment, v. 473-474, p. 731-741, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.12.082.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"731","endPage":"741","ipdsId":"IP-043359","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287132,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287131,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.12.082"}],"volume":"473-474","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53749076e4b0870f4d23cff1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coes, Alissa L. 0000-0001-6682-5417 alcoes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6682-5417","contributorId":4231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coes","given":"Alissa","email":"alcoes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paretti, Nicholas V. nparetti@usgs.gov","contributorId":802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paretti","given":"Nicholas V.","email":"nparetti@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":487165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Foreman, William T. wforeman@usgs.gov","contributorId":1473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foreman","given":"William T.","email":"wforeman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":487166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Iverson, Jana L. jiverson@usgs.gov","contributorId":5564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iverson","given":"Jana","email":"jiverson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":487168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Alvarez, David A.","contributorId":72755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alvarez","given":"David A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70148667,"text":"70148667 - 2014 - Survival and behaviour of juvenile unionid mussels exposed to thermal stress and dewatering in the presence of a sediment temperature gradient","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-19T09:38:56","indexId":"70148667","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-01T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival and behaviour of juvenile unionid mussels exposed to thermal stress and dewatering in the presence of a sediment temperature gradient","docAbstract":"<ol id=\"fwb12290-list-0001\" class=\"numbered\">\n<li>Freshwater mussels (Unionidae) are a highly imperilled faunal group. One critical threat is thermal sensitivity, because global climate change and other anthropogenic activities contribute to increasing stream temperature and altered hydrologic flow that may be detrimental to freshwater mussels.</li>\n<li>We incorporated four benthic environmental components - temperature, sediment, water level (a surrogate for flow) and a vertical thermal gradient in the sediment column - in laboratory mesocosm experiments with juveniles of two species of freshwater mussels (<i>Lampsilis abrupta</i> and <i>Lampsilis radiata</i>) and tested their effects on survival, burrowing behaviour and byssus production.</li>\n<li>Increasing temperature diminished burrowing behaviour significantly in both species (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.01), and the dewatered treatment significantly reduced burrowing in <i>L. radiata</i>, compared with that in the watered treatment. Increasing temperature also significantly reduced byssus production in both species (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.01). Median lethal temperatures (LT50) ranged from 29.9 to 35.6-&deg;C. Mussels did not burrow beneath the top stratum of sediment (0-2.5 cm) and thus did not use the available thermal refuge.</li>\n<li>Our findings suggest that rising stream water temperature and dewatering may directly impact freshwater mussel abundance by causing mortality and may have indirect impacts via sublethal effects. Reduced burrowing capacity may hamper ability to escape predation or unfavourably high or low flows, and decreased byssus production may inhibit attachment and dispersal capabilities in juveniles.</li>\n</ol>","language":"English","publisher":"Blackwell Science","publisherLocation":"Oxford, England","doi":"10.1111/fwb.12290","collaboration":"USGS National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center; North Carolina State University; North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission; US Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute","usgsCitation":"Archambault, L., Cope, W., and Kwak, T.J., 2014, Survival and behaviour of juvenile unionid mussels exposed to thermal stress and dewatering in the presence of a sediment temperature gradient: Freshwater Biology, v. 59, no. 3, p. 601-613, https://doi.org/10.1111/fwb.12290.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"601","endPage":"613","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-046180","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":301328,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-12-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55853d5be4b023124e8f5b4b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Archambault, L.","contributorId":80938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Archambault","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":548973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cope, W. Gregory","contributorId":70353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cope","given":"W. Gregory","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":548974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kwak, Thomas J. 0000-0002-0616-137X tkwak@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0616-137X","contributorId":834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kwak","given":"Thomas","email":"tkwak@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70095419,"text":"70095419 - 2014 - Toxicity and accumulation of silver nanoparticles during development of the marine polychaete Platynereis dumerilii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T16:03:16","indexId":"70095419","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-01T10:03:35","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Toxicity and accumulation of silver nanoparticles during development of the marine polychaete <I>Platynereis dumerilii</I>","title":"Toxicity and accumulation of silver nanoparticles during development of the marine polychaete Platynereis dumerilii","docAbstract":"Pollutants affecting species at the population level generate ecological instability in natural systems. The success of early life stages, such as those of aquatic invertebrates, is highly affected by adverse environmental conditions. Silver released into the environment from emerging nanotechnology represents such a threat. Sediments are sinks for numerous pollutants, which aggregate and/or associate with depositing suspended particles. Deposit feeder such as the annelid Platynereis dumerilii, which has a large associated literature on its development, is an excellent model organism for exposure studies in coastal environments. We exposed eggs, larvae, juveniles and adults of P. dumerilii to various concentrations of citrate (cit-Ag NPs) or humic acid (HA-Ag NPs) capped silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) as well to dissolved Ag (added as AgNO3). We showed that mortality and abnormal development rate increased with younger life stages. While adults and juvenile were the most tolerant life stages, fertilized eggs were highly sensitive to AgNO3, cit-Ag NPs and HA-Ag NPs. Exposures to HA-Ag NPs triggered the highest cute toxicity responses in P. dumerilii and in most cases both Ag NPs were more toxic than AgNO3. Uptake rate of HA-Ag NPs in adult worms was also higher than from other Ag forms, consistent with toxicity to other life stages. The early stages of the life cycle of marine coastal organisms are more affected by Ag NPs than the juvenile or adult life stages, indicating that exposure experiments at the larval level contribute to realistic eco-toxicological studies in aquatic environments.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.01.039","usgsCitation":"Garcia-Alonso, J., Rodriguez-Sanchez, N., Misra, S.K., Valsami-Jones, E., Croteau, M., Luoma, S.N., and Rainbow, P.S., 2014, Toxicity and accumulation of silver nanoparticles during development of the marine polychaete Platynereis dumerilii: Science of the Total Environment, v. 476-477, p. 688-695, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.01.039.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"688","endPage":"695","ipdsId":"IP-053939","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":283209,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":283208,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.01.039"}],"volume":"476-477","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5351706ae4b05569d805a417","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garcia-Alonso, Javier","contributorId":65002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garcia-Alonso","given":"Javier","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rodriguez-Sanchez, Neus","contributorId":94974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez-Sanchez","given":"Neus","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Misra, Superb K.","contributorId":91231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Misra","given":"Superb","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Valsami-Jones, Eugenia","contributorId":26057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valsami-Jones","given":"Eugenia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Croteau, Marie-Noële","contributorId":22863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Croteau","given":"Marie-Noële","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Luoma, Samuel N. 0000-0001-5443-5091 snluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-5091","contributorId":2287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"Samuel","email":"snluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rainbow, Philip S.","contributorId":83025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rainbow","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70129218,"text":"70129218 - 2014 - Watershed-scale modeling of streamflow change in incised montane meadows","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-21T09:59:29","indexId":"70129218","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-01T09:56:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Watershed-scale modeling of streamflow change in incised montane meadows","docAbstract":"Land use practices have caused stream channel incision and water table decline in many montane meadows of the Western United States. Incision changes the magnitude and timing of streamflow in water supply source watersheds, a concern to resource managers and downstream water users. The hydrology of montane meadows under natural and incised conditions was investigated using watershed simulation for a range of hydrologic conditions. The results illustrate the interdependence between: watershed and meadow hydrology; bedrock and meadow aquifers; and surface and groundwater flow through the meadow for the modeled scenarios. During the wet season, stream incision resulted in less overland flow and interflow and more meadow recharge causing a net decrease in streamflow and increase in groundwater storage relative to natural meadow conditions. During the dry season, incision resulted in less meadow evapotranspiration and more groundwater discharge to the stream causing a net increase in streamflow and a decrease in groundwater storage relative to natural meadow conditions. In general, for a given meadow setting, the magnitude of change in summer streamflow and long-term change in watershed groundwater storage due to incision will depend on the combined effect of: reduced evapotranspiration in the eroded meadow; induced groundwater recharge; replenishment of dry season groundwater storage depletion in meadow and bedrock aquifers by precipitation during wet years; and groundwater storage depletion that is not replenished by precipitation during wet years.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/2013WR014420","usgsCitation":"Essaid, H.I., and Hill, B., 2014, Watershed-scale modeling of streamflow change in incised montane meadows: Water Resources Research, v. 50, no. 3, p. 2657-2678, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013WR014420.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"2657","endPage":"2678","numberOfPages":"22","ipdsId":"IP-052739","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295519,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295482,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2013WR014420"}],"country":"United States","volume":"50","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-03-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"544775d6e4b0f888a81b835c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Essaid, Hedeff I. 0000-0003-0154-8628 hiessaid@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0154-8628","contributorId":2284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Essaid","given":"Hedeff","email":"hiessaid@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":503552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hill, Barry R.","contributorId":62158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Barry R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70143405,"text":"70143405 - 2014 - Optical sensors for water quality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-19T09:29:10","indexId":"70143405","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2593,"text":"Lakeline","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Optical sensors for water quality","docAbstract":"<p>Shifts in land use, population, and climate have altered hydrologic systems in the United States in ways that affect water quality and ecosystem function. Water diversions, detention in reservoirs, increased channelization, and changes in rainfall and snowmelt are major causes, but there are also more subtle causes such as changes in soil temperature, atmospheric deposition, and shifting vegetation patterns. The effects on water quality are complex and interconnected, and occur at timeframes of minutes (e.g., flash floods) to decades (e.g., evolving management practices).</p>\n<p>However, water-quality monitoring has historically focused on discrete samples collected weekly or monthly, and laboratory analyses that can take days or weeks to complete. Low-frequency data and delayed access hampers a timely response during events, limits the ability to identify specific causes or actions, and may result in poorly quantified effects on ecosystems and human health at local to regional scales.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>Recent advancements in commercially available in situ sensors, data platforms, and new techniques for data analysis provide an opportunity to monitor water quality in rivers, lakes, and estuaries on the time scales in which changes occur. For example, measurements that capture the variability in freshwater systems over time help to assess how shifts in seasonal runoff, changes in precipitation intensity, and increased frequencies of disturbances (such as fire and insect outbreaks) affect the storage, production, and transport of carbon and nitrogen in watersheds. Transmitting these data in real-time also provides information that can be used for early trend detection, help identify&nbsp;monitoring gaps, and provide sciencebased decision support across a range of issues related to water quality, freshwater ecosystems, and human health.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"North American Lake Management Society","usgsCitation":"Pellerin, B.A., and Bergamaschi, B., 2014, Optical sensors for water quality: Lakeline, no. Spring, p. 13-17.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"13","endPage":"17","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-033523","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298740,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"Spring","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"550bf333e4b02e76d759cdf5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pellerin, Brian A. bpeller@usgs.gov","contributorId":1451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pellerin","given":"Brian","email":"bpeller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":542697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bergamaschi, Brian A. 0000-0002-9610-5581 bbergama@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9610-5581","contributorId":1448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergamaschi","given":"Brian A.","email":"bbergama@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":542696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70189231,"text":"70189231 - 2014 - Wildland fire ash: Production, composition and eco-hydro-geomorphic effects","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-06T11:37:27","indexId":"70189231","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1431,"text":"Earth-Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wildland fire ash: Production, composition and eco-hydro-geomorphic effects","docAbstract":"<p id=\"sp0005\">Fire transforms fuels (i.e. biomass, necromass, soil organic matter) into materials with different chemical and physical properties. One of these materials is ash, which is the particulate residue remaining or deposited on the ground that consists of mineral materials and charred organic components. The quantity and characteristics of ash produced during a wildland fire depend mainly on (1) the total burned fuel (i.e. fuel load), (2) fuel type and (3) its combustion completeness. For a given fuel load and type, a higher combustion completeness will reduce the ash organic carbon content, increasing the relative mineral content, and hence reducing total mass of ash produced. The homogeneity and thickness of the ash layer can vary substantially in space and time and reported average thicknesses range from close to 0 to 50&nbsp;mm. Ash is a highly mobile material that, after its deposition, may be incorporated into the soil profile, redistributed or removed from a burned site within days or weeks by wind and water erosion to surface depressions, footslopes, streams, lakes, reservoirs and, potentially, into marine deposits.</p><p id=\"sp0010\">Research on the composition, properties and effects of ash on the burned ecosystem has been conducted on material collected in the field after wildland and prescribed fires as well as on material produced in the laboratory. At low combustion completeness (typically T&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;450&nbsp;°C), ash is organic-rich, with organic carbon as the main component. At high combustion completeness (T&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;450&nbsp;°C), most organic carbon is volatized and the remaining mineral ash has elevated pH when in solution. It is composed mainly of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, silicon and phosphorous in the form of inorganic carbonates, whereas at T&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;580&nbsp;°C the most common forms are oxides. Ash produced under lower combustion completeness is usually darker, coarser, and less dense and has a higher saturated hydraulic conductivity than ash with higher combustion completeness, although physical reactions with CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and when moistened produce further changes in ash characteristics.</p><p id=\"sp0015\">As a new material present after a wildland fire, ash can have profound effects on ecosystems. It affects biogeochemical cycles, including the C cycle, not only within the burned area, but also globally. Ash incorporated into the soil increases temporarily soil pH and nutrient pools and changes physical properties such as albedo, soil texture and hydraulic properties including water repellency. Ash modifies soil hydrologic behavior by creating a two-layer system: the soil and the ash layer, which can function in different ways depending on (1) ash depth and type, (2) soil type and (3) rainfall characteristics. Key parameters are the ash's water holding capacity, hydraulic conductivity and its potential to clog soil pores. Runoff from burned areas carries soluble nutrients contained in ash, which can lead to problems for potable water supplies. Ash deposition also stimulates soil microbial activity and vegetation growth.</p><p id=\"sp0020\">Further work is needed to (1) standardize methods for investigating ash and its effects on the ecosystem, (2) characterize ash properties for specific ecosystems and wildland fire types, (3) determine the effects of ash on human and ecosystem health, especially when transported by wind or water, (4) investigate ash's controls on water and soil losses at slope and catchment scales, (5) examine its role in the C cycle, and (6) study its redistribution and fate in the environment.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2013.12.007","usgsCitation":"Bodi, M.B., Martin, D.A., Balfour, V.N., Santin, C., Doerr, S.H., Pereira, P., Cerda, A., and Mataix-Solera, J., 2014, Wildland fire ash: Production, composition and eco-hydro-geomorphic effects: Earth-Science Reviews, v. 130, p. 103-127, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2013.12.007.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"103","endPage":"127","ipdsId":"IP-053418","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343399,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"130","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595f4c42e4b0d1f9f057e360","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bodi, Merche B.","contributorId":194266,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bodi","given":"Merche","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, Deborah A. 0000-0001-8237-0838 damartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8237-0838","contributorId":168662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Deborah","email":"damartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Balfour, Victoria N.","contributorId":194267,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Balfour","given":"Victoria","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Santin, Cristina","contributorId":194268,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Santin","given":"Cristina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Doerr, Stefan H.","contributorId":194269,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Doerr","given":"Stefan","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pereira, Paulo","contributorId":194270,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pereira","given":"Paulo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cerda, Artemi","contributorId":194271,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cerda","given":"Artemi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Mataix-Solera, Jorge","contributorId":194272,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mataix-Solera","given":"Jorge","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70068441,"text":"ofr20131298 - 2014 - Groundwater quality at Alabama Plating and Vincent Spring, Vincent, Alabama, 2007–2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-26T14:56:57","indexId":"ofr20131298","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-26T14:43:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1298","title":"Groundwater quality at Alabama Plating and Vincent Spring, Vincent, Alabama, 2007–2008","docAbstract":"<p>The former Alabama Plating site in Vincent, Alabama, includes the location where the Alabama Plating Company operated an electroplating facility from 1956 until 1986. The operation of the facility generated waste containing cyanide, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, zinc, and other heavy metals. Contamination resulting from the site operations was identified in groundwater, soil, and sediment. Vincent Spring, used as a public water supply by the city of Vincent, Alabama, is located about ½ mile southwest of the site. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, conducted an investigation at Vincent Spring and the Alabama Plating site, Vincent, Alabama, during 2007–2008 to evaluate the groundwater quality and evaluate the potential effect of contaminated groundwater on the water quality of Vincent Spring. The results of the investigation will provide scientific data and information on the occurrence, fate, and transport of contaminants in the water resources of the area and aid in the evaluation of the vulnerability of the public water supply to contamination.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Samples were analyzed to evaluate the water quality at the former plating site, investigate the presence of possible contaminant indicators at Vincent Spring, and determine the usefulness of stable isotopes and geochemical properties in understanding groundwater flow and contaminant transport in the area. Samples collected from 16 monitor wells near the plating site and Vincent Spring were analyzed for major constituents, trace metals, nutrients, and the stable isotopes for hydrogen (<sup>2</sup>H/H) and oxygen (<sup>18</sup>O/<sup>16</sup>O).</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Groundwater collected from Vincent Spring was characterized as a calcium-magnesium-bicarbonate water type with total dissolved solids concentrations ranging from 110 to 120 milligrams per liter and pH ranging from about 7.5 to 7.9 units. Groundwater chemistry at the monitor wells at the Alabama Plating site was highly variable by location and depth. Dissolved solids concentrations ranged from 28 to 2,880 milligrams per liter, and the water types varied from calcium-magnesium-bicarbonate-chloride, to calcium-sulfate or calcium-magnesium-sulfate, to sodium-chloride water types. The stable isotope ratios for hydrogen (<sup>2</sup>H/H) and oxygen (<sup>18</sup>O/<sup>16</sup>O) for water from the monitor wells and from Vincent Spring, based on a single sampling event, can be separated into three groups: (1) Vincent Spring, (2) monitor wells MW03 and MW28, and (3) the remaining Alabama Plating monitor wells.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The geochemical and stable isotope analyses indicate that water from Vincent Spring is distinct from water from the Alabama Plating monitor wells; however, this evaluation is based on a single sampling event. Although the water from Vincent Spring, for this sampling event, is different and does not seem to be affected by contaminated groundwater from the Alabama Plating site, additional hydrologic and water-quality data are needed to fully identify flow paths, the potential for contaminant transport, and water-quality changes through time.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131298","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 4","usgsCitation":"Bradley, M., and Gill, A.C., 2014, Groundwater quality at Alabama Plating and Vincent Spring, Vincent, Alabama, 2007–2008: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1298, Report: iv, 20 p.; Plate: 17 x 11 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131298.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 20 p.; Plate: 17 x 11 inches","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-043797","costCenters":[{"id":105,"text":"Alabama Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282860,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131298.jpg"},{"id":282855,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1298/pdf/of2013-1298_Al_plating_plate_1.pdf"},{"id":282853,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1298/"},{"id":282858,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1298/pdf/of2013-1298.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama","city":"Vincent","otherGeospatial":"Vincent Spring","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -86.456545,33.349857 ], [ -86.456545,33.422296 ], [ -86.368698,33.422296 ], [ -86.368698,33.349857 ], [ -86.456545,33.349857 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5fe9e4b0b290850fc98b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, Mike 0000-0002-2979-265X mbradley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2979-265X","contributorId":582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Mike","email":"mbradley@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gill, Amy C. 0000-0002-5738-9390 acgill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5738-9390","contributorId":220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"Amy","email":"acgill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":488009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70095418,"text":"70095418 - 2014 - In vivo retention of ingested Au NPs by Daphnia magna: No evidence for trans-epithelial alimentary uptake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-14T16:42:13","indexId":"70095418","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-25T08:57:54","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1226,"text":"Chemosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"In vivo retention of ingested Au NPs by Daphnia magna: No evidence for trans-epithelial alimentary uptake","docAbstract":"In vivo studies with Daphnia magna remain inconclusive as to whether engineered nanoparticles (NPs) are internalized into tissues after ingestion. Here we used a three-pronged approach to study the in vivo retention and efflux kinetics of 20 nm citrate stabilized Au NPs ingested by this key aquatic species. Daphnids were exposed to suspended particles (600 μg L<sup>−1</sup>) for 5 h after which they were depurated for 24 h in clean water containing algae. Light microscopy was used to follow the passage of Au NPs through the gastrointestinal tract, Au body burdens were determined by ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to examine the presence and distribution of Au NPs in tissues. Results revealed that the elimination of Au NPs was bi-phasic. The fast elimination phase lasted <1 h and the rate constant at which Au (of Au NPs) was eliminated was 1.12 ± 0.34 h<sup>−1</sup> (±SE) which accounted for ∼75% of the ingested Au. The remaining ∼25% of the ingested Au NPs was eliminated at a 100-fold slower rate. TEM analysis revealed that Au NPs in the midgut were in close proximity to the peritrophic membrane after 1 and 24 h of depuration. There were no observations of Au NP uptake at the microvilli. Thus, although Au NPs were retained in the gut lumen, there was no observable internalization into the gut epithelial cells. Similar to carbon nanotubes and CuO NPs, our findings indicate that in daphnids the in vivo retention of Au NPs does not necessarily result in their internalization.","language":"English","publisher":"Chemosphere","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.12.051","usgsCitation":"Khan, F.R., Kennaway, G.M., Croteau, M., Dybowska, A., Smith, B.D., Nogueira, A.J., Rainbow, P.S., Luoma, S.N., and Valsami-Jones, E., 2014, In vivo retention of ingested Au NPs by Daphnia magna: No evidence for trans-epithelial alimentary uptake: Chemosphere, v. 100, p. 97-104, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.12.051.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"97","endPage":"104","ipdsId":"IP-053139","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":283200,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":283199,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.12.051"}],"volume":"100","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5351706fe4b05569d805a455","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Khan, Farhan R.","contributorId":99464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Khan","given":"Farhan","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kennaway, Gabrielle M.","contributorId":71879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennaway","given":"Gabrielle","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Croteau, Marie-Noële","contributorId":22863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Croteau","given":"Marie-Noële","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dybowska, Agnieszka","contributorId":34041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dybowska","given":"Agnieszka","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, Brian D.","contributorId":103575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nogueira, Antonio J.A.","contributorId":58940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nogueira","given":"Antonio","email":"","middleInitial":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rainbow, Philip S.","contributorId":83025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rainbow","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Luoma, Samuel N. 0000-0001-5443-5091 snluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-5091","contributorId":2287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"Samuel","email":"snluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Valsami-Jones, Eugenia","contributorId":26057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valsami-Jones","given":"Eugenia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70094643,"text":"70094643 - 2014 - Mercury cycling in agricultural and managed wetlands: a synthesis of methylmercury production, hydrologic export, and bioaccumulation from an integrated field study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-26T16:31:22","indexId":"70094643","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-24T10:36:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury cycling in agricultural and managed wetlands: a synthesis of methylmercury production, hydrologic export, and bioaccumulation from an integrated field study","docAbstract":"With seasonal wetting and drying, and high biological productivity, agricultural wetlands (rice paddies) may enhance the conversion of inorganic mercury (Hg(II)) to methylmercury (MeHg), the more toxic, organic form that biomagnifies through food webs. Yet, the net balance of MeHg sources and sinks in seasonal wetland environments is poorly understood because it requires an annual, integrated assessment across biota, sediment, and water components. We examined a suite of wetlands managed for rice crops or wildlife during 2007–2008 in California's Central Valley, in an area affected by Hg contamination from historic mining practices. Hydrologic management of agricultural wetlands for rice, wild rice, or fallowed — drying for field preparation and harvest, and flooding for crop growth and post-harvest rice straw decay — led to pronounced seasonality in sediment and aqueous MeHg concentrations that were up to 95-fold higher than those measured concurrently in adjacent, non-agricultural permanently-flooded and seasonally-flooded wetlands. Flooding promoted microbial MeHg production in surface sediment of all wetlands, but extended water residence time appeared to preferentially enhance MeHg degradation and storage. When incoming MeHg loads were elevated, individual fields often served as a MeHg sink, rather than a source. Slow, horizontal flow of shallow water in the agricultural wetlands led to increased importance of vertical hydrologic fluxes, including evapoconcentration of surface water MeHg and transpiration-driven advection into the root zone, promoting temporary soil storage of MeHg. Although this hydrology limited MeHg export from wetlands, it also increased MeHg exposure to resident fish via greater in situ aqueous MeHg concentrations. Our results suggest that the combined traits of agricultural wetlands — slow-moving shallow water, manipulated flooding and drying, abundant labile plant matter, and management for wildlife — may enhance microbial methylation of Hg(II) and MeHg exposure to local biota, as well as export to downstream habitats during uncontrolled winter-flow events.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.01.033","usgsCitation":"Windham-Myers, L., Fleck, J., Ackerman, J., Marvin-DiPasquale, M.C., Stricker, C.A., Heim, W.A., Bachand, P., Eagles-Smith, C.A., Gill, G., Stephenson, M., and Alpers, C.N., 2014, Mercury cycling in agricultural and managed wetlands: a synthesis of methylmercury production, hydrologic export, and bioaccumulation from an integrated field study: Science of the Total Environment, v. 484, p. 221-231, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.01.033.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"221","endPage":"231","numberOfPages":"11","ipdsId":"IP-052623","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282671,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":282670,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.01.033"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Yolo County","otherGeospatial":"Yolo Bypass Wildlife Area","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.4229,38.3133 ], [ -122.4229,38.926 ], [ -121.5012,38.926 ], [ -121.5012,38.3133 ], [ -122.4229,38.3133 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"484","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517054e4b05569d805a323","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Windham-Myers, Lisamarie 0000-0003-0281-9581 lwindham-myers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0281-9581","contributorId":2449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Windham-Myers","given":"Lisamarie","email":"lwindham-myers@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fleck, Jacob A. 0000-0002-3217-3972 jafleck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3217-3972","contributorId":1498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleck","given":"Jacob A.","email":"jafleck@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":490727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ackerman, Joshua T. 0000-0002-3074-8322 jackerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3074-8322","contributorId":147078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"Joshua T.","email":"jackerman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":490723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark C. 0000-0002-8186-9167 mmarvin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8186-9167","contributorId":1485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marvin-DiPasquale","given":"Mark","email":"mmarvin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stricker, Craig A. 0000-0002-5031-9437 cstricker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5031-9437","contributorId":1097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stricker","given":"Craig","email":"cstricker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Heim, Wesley A.","contributorId":103548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heim","given":"Wesley","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bachand, Philip","contributorId":81013,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bachand","given":"Philip","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12526,"text":"Bachand & Associates","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":490730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Eagles-Smith, Collin A. 0000-0003-1329-5285 ceagles-smith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1329-5285","contributorId":505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eagles-Smith","given":"Collin","email":"ceagles-smith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Gill, Gary","contributorId":94587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"Gary","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Stephenson, Mark","contributorId":56951,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stephenson","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Alpers, Charles N. 0000-0001-6945-7365 cnalpers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-7365","contributorId":411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpers","given":"Charles","email":"cnalpers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70074384,"text":"sir20145013 - 2014 - Potentiometric surface of the Ozark aquifer in northern Arkansas, 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-21T12:37:39","indexId":"sir20145013","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-21T12:20:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5013","title":"Potentiometric surface of the Ozark aquifer in northern Arkansas, 2010","docAbstract":"<p>The Ozark aquifer in northern Arkansas is composed of dolomite, limestone, sandstone, and shale of Late Cambrian to Middle Devonian age and ranges in thickness from approximately 1,100 feet to more than 4,000 feet. Hydrologically, the aquifer is complex, characterized by discrete and discontinuous flow components with large variations in permeability.</p>\n\n<br>\n\n<p>The potentiometric-surface map, based on 56 well and 5 spring water-level measurements made in 2010 in Arkansas and Missouri, has a maximum water-level altitude measurement of 1,174 feet in Carroll County and a minimum water-level altitude measurement of 120 feet in Randolph County. Regionally, the flow within the aquifer is to the south and southeast in the eastern and central part of the study area and to the west, northwest, and north in the western part of the study area. Water-level altitudes changed 0.5 feet or less in 31 out of 56 wells measured between 2007 and 2010.</p>\n\n<br>\n\n<p>Despite rapidly increasing population within the study area, the increase appears to have minimal effect on groundwater levels, although the effect may have been minimized by the development and use of surface-water distribution infrastructure, suggesting that most of the incoming populations are fulfilling their water needs from surface-water sources. The conversion of some users from groundwater to surface water may be allowing water levels in some wells to recover (rise) or decline at a slower rate in some areas such as in Benton, Carroll, and Washington Counties.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145013","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Arkansas Natural Resources Commission and the Arkansas Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Czarnecki, J.B., Pugh, A., and Blackstock, J.M., 2014, Potentiometric surface of the Ozark aquifer in northern Arkansas, 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5013, Report: iv, 16 p.; 1 Map: 17.00 x 11.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145013.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 16 p.; 1 Map: 17.00 x 11.00 inches","numberOfPages":"23","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-052830","costCenters":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282628,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5013/"},{"id":282629,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5013/pdf/sir2014-5013.pdf"},{"id":282630,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5013/pdf/sir2014-5013_pl1.pdf"},{"id":282631,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145013.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","otherGeospatial":"Ozark Aquifer","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94.6179,33.0041 ], [ -94.6179,36.4997 ], [ -89.6468,36.4997 ], [ -89.6468,33.0041 ], [ -94.6179,33.0041 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6c2ae4b0b29085104631","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Czarnecki, John B. jczarnec@usgs.gov","contributorId":2555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Czarnecki","given":"John","email":"jczarnec@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":489557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pugh, Aaron L. apugh@usgs.gov","contributorId":2480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pugh","given":"Aaron L.","email":"apugh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blackstock, Joshua M. jblackst@usgs.gov","contributorId":5553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blackstock","given":"Joshua","email":"jblackst@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":489558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70074339,"text":"sim3288 - 2014 - Hydrogeologic framework and geologic structure of the Floridan aquifer system and intermediate confining unit in the Lake Okeechobee area, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-20T14:35:45","indexId":"sim3288","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-20T14:25:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3288","title":"Hydrogeologic framework and geologic structure of the Floridan aquifer system and intermediate confining unit in the Lake Okeechobee area, Florida","docAbstract":"The successful implementation of aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) as a water-management tool requires detailed information on the hydrologic and hydraulic properties of the potential water storage zones. This report presents stratigraphic and hydrogeologic sections of the upper part of the Floridan aquifer system and the overlying confining unit or aquifer system in the Lake Okeechobee area, and contour maps of the upper contacts of the Ocala Limestone and the Arcadia Formation, which are represented in the sections. The sections and maps illustrate hydrogeologic factors such as confinement of potential storage zones, the distribution of permeability within the zones, and geologic features that may control the efficiency of injection, storage, and recovery of water, and thus may influence decisions on ASR activities in areas of interest to the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3288","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Reese, R.S., 2014, Hydrogeologic framework and geologic structure of the Floridan aquifer system and intermediate confining unit in the Lake Okeechobee area, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3288, Report: iv, 12 p.; 8 Map Sheets; 2 Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3288.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 12 p.; 8 Map Sheets; 2 Appendices","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-044162","costCenters":[{"id":285,"text":"Florida Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282582,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3288/pdf"},{"id":282580,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3288/"},{"id":282583,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3288/table"},{"id":282581,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3288/pdf/sim3288.pdf"},{"id":282586,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim3288.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Lake Okeechobee","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81.5,26.3 ], [ -81.5,27.7 ], [ -80.0,27.7 ], [ -80.0,26.3 ], [ -81.5,26.3 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd610be4b0b290850fd4ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reese, Ronald S. rsreese@usgs.gov","contributorId":1090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reese","given":"Ronald","email":"rsreese@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":489520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70093719,"text":"70093719 - 2014 - Metolachlor metabolite (MESA) reveals agricultural nitrate-N fate and transport in Choptank River watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-12T09:49:08","indexId":"70093719","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-11T09:38:45","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Metolachlor metabolite (MESA) reveals agricultural nitrate-N fate and transport in Choptank River watershed","docAbstract":"Over 50% of streams in the Chesapeake Bay watershed have been rated as poor or very poor based on the index of biological integrity. The Choptank River estuary, a Bay tributary on the eastern shore, is one such waterway, where corn and soybean production in upland areas of the watershed contribute significant loads of nutrients and sediment to streams. We adopted a novel approach utilizing the relationship between the concentration of nitrate-N and the stable, water-soluble herbicide degradation product MESA {2-[2-ethyl-N-(1-methoxypropan-2-yl)-6-methylanilino]-2-oxoethanesulfonic acid} to distinguish between dilution and denitrification effects on the stream concentration of nitrate-N in agricultural subwatersheds. The ratio of mean nitrate-N concentration/(mean MESA concentration * 1000) for 15 subwatersheds was examined as a function of percent cropland on hydric soil. This inverse relationship (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.65, p < 0.001) takes into consideration not only dilution and denitrification of nitrate-N, but also the stream sampling bias of the croplands caused by extensive drainage ditch networks. MESA was also used to track nitrate-N concentrations within the estuary of the Choptank River. The relationship between nitrate-N and MESA concentrations in samples collected over three years was linear (0.95 ≤ R<sup>2</sup> ≤ 0.99) for all eight sampling dates except one where R<sup>2</sup> = 0.90. This very strong correlation indicates that nitrate-N was conserved in much of the Choptank River estuary, that dilution alone is responsible for the changes in nitrate-N and MESA concentrations, and more importantly nitrate-N loads are not reduced in the estuary prior to entering the Chesapeake Bay. Thus, a critical need exists to minimize nutrient export from agricultural production fields and to identify specific conservation practices to address the hydrologic conditions within each subwatershed. In well drained areas, removal of residual N within the cropland is most critical, and practices such as cover crops which sequester the residual N should be strongly encouraged. In poorly drained areas where denitrification can occur, wetland restoration and controlled drained structures that minimize ditch flow should be used to maximize denitrification.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science of the Total Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.12.017","usgsCitation":"McCarty, G.W., Hapeman, C.J., Rice, C.P., Hively, W., McConnell, L.L., Sadeghi, A.M., Lang, M., Whitall, D.R., Bialek, K., and Downey, P., 2014, Metolachlor metabolite (MESA) reveals agricultural nitrate-N fate and transport in Choptank River watershed: Science of the Total Environment, v. 473-474, p. 473-482, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.12.017.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"473","endPage":"482","ipdsId":"IP-024932","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282295,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":282294,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.12.017"},{"id":282286,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S004896971301471X#"}],"state":"Delaware;Maryl","otherGeospatial":"Choptank River Watershed","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76.1834,37.9472 ], [ -76.1834,39.4227 ], [ -75.0606,39.4227 ], [ -75.0606,37.9472 ], [ -76.1834,37.9472 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"473-474","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517055e4b05569d805a32d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCarty, Gregory W.","contributorId":78861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCarty","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hapeman, Cathleen J.","contributorId":63154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hapeman","given":"Cathleen","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rice, Clifford P.","contributorId":56594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"Clifford","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hively, W. Dean 0000-0002-5383-8064","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5383-8064","contributorId":9391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hively","given":"W. 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,{"id":70046873,"text":"70046873 - 2014 - Reconstructing disturbances and their biogeochemical consequences over multiple timescales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-14T10:46:31","indexId":"70046873","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-04T14:46:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":997,"text":"BioScience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reconstructing disturbances and their biogeochemical consequences over multiple timescales","docAbstract":"Ongoing changes in disturbance regimes are predicted to cause acute changes in ecosystem structure and function in the coming decades, but many aspects of these predictions are uncertain. A key challenge is to improve the predictability of postdisturbance biogeochemical trajectories at the ecosystem level. Ecosystem ecologists and paleoecologists have generated complementary data sets about disturbance (type, severity, frequency) and ecosystem response (net primary productivity, nutrient cycling) spanning decadal to millennial timescales. Here, we take the first steps toward a full integration of these data sets by reviewing how disturbances are reconstructed using dendrochronological and sedimentary archives and by summarizing the conceptual frameworks for carbon, nitrogen, and hydrologic responses to disturbances. Key research priorities include further development of paleoecological techniques that reconstruct both disturbances and terrestrial ecosystem dynamics. In addition, mechanistic detail from disturbance experiments, long-term observations, and chronosequences can help increase the understanding of ecosystem resilience.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"BioScience","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Institute of Biological Sciences","doi":"10.1093/biosci/bit017","usgsCitation":"McLauchlan, K.K., Higuera, P., Gavin, D.G., Perakis, S., Mack, M., Alexander, H., Battles, J., Biondi, F., Buma, B., Colombaroli, D., Enders, S.K., Engstrom, D.R., Hu, F., Marlon, J.R., Marshall, J., McGlone, M., Morris, J.L., Nave, L.E., Shuman, B., Smithwick, E.A., Urrego, D.H., Wardle, D.A., Williams, C.J., and Williams, J.J., 2014, Reconstructing disturbances and their biogeochemical consequences over multiple timescales: BioScience, v. 64, no. 2, p. 105-116, https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/bit017.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"105","endPage":"116","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-049009","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473175,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2160/17282","text":"External Repository"},{"id":281978,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281977,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biosci/bit017"}],"volume":"64","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-01-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52f20c90e4b0a6f0bd498b6d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McLauchlan, Kendra K.","contributorId":7994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLauchlan","given":"Kendra","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Higuera, Philip E.","contributorId":100741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Higuera","given":"Philip E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gavin, Daniel G.","contributorId":98213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gavin","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Perakis, Steven S. 0000-0003-0703-9314","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0703-9314","contributorId":16797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perakis","given":"Steven 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,{"id":70129170,"text":"70129170 - 2014 - Assessing effects of native forest restoration on soil moisture dynamics and potential aquifer recharge, Auwahi, Maui","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-27T19:01:31.219486","indexId":"70129170","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T15:30:39","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1447,"text":"Ecohydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing effects of native forest restoration on soil moisture dynamics and potential aquifer recharge, Auwahi, Maui","docAbstract":"<p>Understanding the role of soils in regulating water flow through the unsaturated zone is critical in assessing the influence of vegetation on soil moisture dynamics and aquifer recharge. Because of fire, introduced ungulates and landscape-level invasion of non-native grasses, less than 10% of original dry forest (~730&thinsp;mm precipitation annually) still exists on leeward Haleakalā, Maui, Hawaiian Islands. Native dry forest restoration at Auwahi has demonstrated the potential for dramatic revegetation, allowing a unique experimental comparison of hydrologic function between tracts of restored forest and adjacent grasslands. We hypothesized that even relatively recent forest restoration can assist in the recovery of impaired hydrologic function, potentially increasing aquifer recharge. To compare restored forest and grassland sites, we experimentally irrigated and measured soil moisture and temperature with subsurface instrumentation at four locations within the reforested area and four within the grassland, each with a 2&middot;5&thinsp;&times;&thinsp;2&middot;5-m plot. Compared with grassland areas, water in reforested sites moved to depth faster with larger magnitude changes in water content. The median first arrival velocity of water was greater by a factor of about 13 in the reforested sites compared with the grassland sites. This rapid transport of water to depths of 1&thinsp;m or greater suggests increased potential aquifer recharge. Improved characterization of how vegetation and soils influence recharge is crucial for understanding the long-term impacts of forest restoration on aquifer recharge and water resources, especially in moisture-limited regions.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/eco.1469","usgsCitation":"Perkins, K., Nimmo, J.R., Medeiros, A.C., Szutu, D.J., and von Allmen, E., 2014, Assessing effects of native forest restoration on soil moisture dynamics and potential aquifer recharge, Auwahi, Maui: Ecohydrology, v. 7, no. 5, p. 1437-1451, https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.1469.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1437","endPage":"1451","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-049281","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295470,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Haleakalā, Maui","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -156.88476562499997,\n              20.478481600090568\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.7861328125,\n              20.478481600090568\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.7861328125,\n              21.06399706324597\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.88476562499997,\n              21.06399706324597\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.88476562499997,\n              20.478481600090568\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"7","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-01-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54422f9ce4b0192a5a42f3d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perkins, Kim S. 0000-0001-8349-447X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8349-447X","contributorId":44097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perkins","given":"Kim S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nimmo, John R. 0000-0001-8191-1727 jrnimmo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8191-1727","contributorId":757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimmo","given":"John","email":"jrnimmo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":503502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Medeiros, Arthur C. 0000-0002-8090-8451 amedeiros@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8090-8451","contributorId":2152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Medeiros","given":"Arthur","email":"amedeiros@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":503503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Szutu, Daphne J. dszutu@usgs.gov","contributorId":5019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szutu","given":"Daphne","email":"dszutu@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":503504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"von Allmen, Erica","contributorId":47712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"von Allmen","given":"Erica","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70115114,"text":"70115114 - 2014 - Nitrate fate and transport through current and former depressional wetlands in an agricultural landscape, Choptank Watershed, Maryland, United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-01T14:28:58","indexId":"70115114","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T14:20:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2456,"text":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nitrate fate and transport through current and former depressional wetlands in an agricultural landscape, Choptank Watershed, Maryland, United States","docAbstract":"Understanding local groundwater hydrology and geochemistry is critical for evaluating the effectiveness of wetlands at mitigating agricultural impacts on surface waters. The effectiveness of depressional wetlands at mitigating nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub>) transport from fertilized row crops, through groundwater, to local streams was examined in the watershed of the upper Choptank River, a tributary of Chesapeake Bay on the Atlantic Coastal Plain. Hydrologic, geochemical, and water quality data were collected from January of 2008 through December of 2009 from surface waters and networks of piezometers installed in and around current or former depressional wetlands of three major types along a gradient of anthropogenic alteration: (1) natural wetlands with native vegetation (i.e., forested); (2) prior-converted croplands, which are former wetlands located in cultivated fields; and (3) hydrologically restored wetlands, including one wetland restoration and one shallow water management area. These data were collected to estimate the orientation of groundwater flow paths and likely interactions of groundwater containing NO<sub>3</sub> from agricultural sources with reducing conditions associated with wetlands of different types. Natural wetlands were found to have longer periods of soil saturation and reducing conditions conducive to denitrification compared to the other wetland types studied. Because natural wetlands are typically located in groundwater recharge areas along watershed divides, nitrogen (N) from nearby agriculture was not intercepted. However, these wetlands likely improve water quality in adjacent streams via dilution. Soil and geochemical conditions conducive to denitrification were also present in restored wetlands and prior-converted croplands, and substantial losses of agricultural NO<sub>3</sub> were observed in groundwater flowing through these wetland sediments. However, delivery of NO<sub>3</sub> from agricultural areas through groundwater to these wetlands resulting in opportunities for denitrification were limited, particularly where reducing conditions did not extend throughout the entire thickness of the surficial aquifer allowing NO<sub>3</sub> to pass conservatively beneath a wetland along deeper groundwater flow paths. The complexity of N fate and transport associated with depressional wetlands complicates the understanding of their importance to water quality in adjacent streams. Although depressional wetlands often contribute low NO<sub>3</sub> water to local streams, their effectiveness as landscape sinks, for N from adjacent agriculture varies with natural conditions, such as the thickness of the aquifer and the extent of reducing conditions. Measurement of such natural geologic, hydrologic, and geochemical conditions are therefore fundamental to understanding N mitigation in individual wetlands.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Soil and Water Conservation Society","doi":"10.2489/jswc.69.1.1","usgsCitation":"Denver, J.M., Ator, S., Lang, M., Fisher, T., Gustafson, A., Fox, R., Clune, J., and McCarty, G., 2014, Nitrate fate and transport through current and former depressional wetlands in an agricultural landscape, Choptank Watershed, Maryland, United States: Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, v. 69, no. 1, p. 1-16, https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.69.1.1.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"16","numberOfPages":"16","ipdsId":"IP-037456","costCenters":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473180,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.69.1.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":289338,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":289305,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2489/jswc.69.1.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryl","otherGeospatial":"Choptank River;Choptank Watershed","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76.3577,38.5417 ], [ -76.3577,39.2014 ], [ -75.5928,39.2014 ], [ -75.5928,38.5417 ], [ -76.3577,38.5417 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"69","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-01-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53b3d86ae4b07c5f79a7f348","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Denver, J. M.","contributorId":100356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denver","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ator, S.W. 0000-0002-9186-4837","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9186-4837","contributorId":104100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ator","given":"S.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lang, M.W.","contributorId":68221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lang","given":"M.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fisher, T.R.","contributorId":89060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gustafson, A.B.","contributorId":98221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gustafson","given":"A.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fox, R.","contributorId":22686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fox","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Clune, J.W.","contributorId":11510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clune","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"McCarty, G.W.","contributorId":24533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCarty","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70102387,"text":"70102387 - 2014 - Decadal oscillation of lakes and aquifers in the upper Great Lakes region of North America: hydroclimatic implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-22T11:39:50","indexId":"70102387","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T11:35:41","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Decadal oscillation of lakes and aquifers in the upper Great Lakes region of North America: hydroclimatic implications","docAbstract":"We report a unique hydrologic time-series which indicates that water levels in lakes and aquifers across the upper Great Lakes region of North America have been dominated by a climatically-driven, near-decadal oscillation for at least 70 years. The historical oscillation (~13y) is remarkably consistent among small seepage lakes, groundwater tables and the two largest Laurentian Great Lakes despite substantial differences in hydrology. Hydrologic analyses indicate that the oscillation has been governed primarily by changes in the net atmospheric flux of water (P-E) and stage-dependent outflow. The oscillation is hypothetically connected to large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns originating in the mid-latitude North Pacific that support the flux of moisture into the region from the Gulf of Mexico. Recent data indicate an apparent change in the historical oscillation characterized by a ~12y downward trend beginning in 1998. Record low water levels region-wide may mark the onset of a new hydroclimatic regime.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/2013GL058679","usgsCitation":"Watras, C., Read, J., Holman, K., Liu, Z., Song, Y., Watras, A., Morgan, S., and Stanley, E., 2014, Decadal oscillation of lakes and aquifers in the upper Great Lakes region of North America: hydroclimatic implications: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 41, no. 2, p. 456-462, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013GL058679.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"456","endPage":"462","numberOfPages":"7","ipdsId":"IP-051171","costCenters":[{"id":160,"text":"Center for Integrated Data Analytics","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473188,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2013gl058679","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":286507,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286489,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2013GL058679"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Upper Great Lakes Region","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -93.8,40.95 ], [ -93.8,49.14 ], [ -79.71,49.14 ], [ -79.71,40.95 ], [ -93.8,40.95 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"41","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-01-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53578f63e4b0938066bc81ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watras, C.J.","contributorId":13917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watras","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Read, J.S.","contributorId":34440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Read","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holman, K.D.","contributorId":60548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holman","given":"K.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Liu, Z.","contributorId":70943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Song, Y.-Y.","contributorId":77056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Song","given":"Y.-Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Watras, A.J.","contributorId":31315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watras","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Morgan, S.","contributorId":81026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Stanley, E.H.","contributorId":18966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"E.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70144442,"text":"70144442 - 2014 - Coupled hydrological and biogeochemical processes controlling variability of nitrogen species in streamflow during autumn in an upland forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-30T15:20:16","indexId":"70144442","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coupled hydrological and biogeochemical processes controlling variability of nitrogen species in streamflow during autumn in an upland forest","docAbstract":"<p><span>Autumn is a season of dynamic change in forest streams of the northeastern United States due to effects of leaf fall on both hydrology and biogeochemistry. Few studies have explored how interactions of biogeochemical transformations, various nitrogen sources, and catchment flow paths affect stream nitrogen variation during autumn. To provide more information on this critical period, we studied (1) the timing, duration, and magnitude of changes to stream nitrate, dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), and ammonium concentrations; (2) changes in nitrate sources and cycling; and (3) source areas of the landscape that most influence stream nitrogen. We collected samples at higher temporal resolution for a longer duration than typical studies of stream nitrogen during autumn. This sampling scheme encompassed the patterns and extremes that occurred during base flow and stormflow events of autumn. Base flow nitrate concentrations decreased by an order of magnitude from 5.4 to 0.7 &micro;mol L</span><sup>&minus;1</sup><span><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span>during the week when most leaves fell from deciduous trees. Changes to rates of biogeochemical transformations during autumn base flow explained the low nitrate concentrations; in-stream transformations retained up to 72% of the nitrate that entered a stream reach. A decrease of in-stream nitrification coupled with heterotrophic nitrate cycling were primary factors in the seasonal nitrate decline. The period of low nitrate concentrations ended with a storm event in which stream nitrate concentrations increased by 25-fold. In the ensuing weeks, peak stormflow nitrate concentrations progressively decreased over closely spaced, yet similarly sized events. Most stormflow nitrate originated from nitrification in near-stream areas with occasional, large inputs of unprocessed atmospheric nitrate, which has rarely been reported for nonsnowmelt events. A maximum input of 33% unprocessed atmospheric nitrate to the stream occurred during one event. Large inputs of unprocessed atmospheric nitrate show direct and rapid effects on forest streams that may be widespread, although undocumented, throughout nitrogen-polluted temperate forests. In contrast to a week-long nitrate decline during peak autumn litterfall, base flow DON concentrations increased after leaf fall and remained high for 2 months. Dissolved organic nitrogen was hydrologically flushed to the stream from riparian soils during stormflow. In contrast to distinct seasonal changes in base flow nitrate and DON concentrations, ammonium concentrations were typically at or below the detection limit, similar to the rest of the year. Our findings reveal couplings among catchment flow paths, nutrient sources, and transformations that control seasonal extremes of stream nitrogen in forested landscapes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, Inc.","doi":"10.1002/2013WR013670","usgsCitation":"Sebestyen, S.D., Shanley, J.B., Boyer, E.W., Kendall, C., and Doctor, D.H., 2014, Coupled hydrological and biogeochemical processes controlling variability of nitrogen species in streamflow during autumn in an upland forest: Water Resources Research, v. 50, no. 2, p. 1569-1591, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013WR013670.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"1569","endPage":"1591","numberOfPages":"23","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051358","costCenters":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473199,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2013wr013670","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":299159,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Vermont","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -72.13794708251953,\n              44.51878604321945\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.22721099853516,\n              44.39625939021994\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.16850280761719,\n              44.38521938054099\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.17056274414062,\n              44.37196862007497\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.09468841552734,\n              44.35773298166116\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.04627990722656,\n              44.39895774251037\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.08404541015625,\n              44.51070720877548\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.13794708251953,\n              44.51878604321945\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"50","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-02-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"551a75cde4b0323842783502","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sebestyen, Stephen D.","contributorId":107562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sebestyen","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":543654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shanley, James B. 0000-0002-4234-3437 jshanley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4234-3437","contributorId":1953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanley","given":"James","email":"jshanley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boyer, Elizabeth W.","contributorId":44659,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boyer","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":7260,"text":"Pennsylvania State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kendall, Carol 0000-0002-0247-3405 ckendall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":1462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"Carol","email":"ckendall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Doctor, Daniel H. 0000-0002-8338-9722 dhdoctor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8338-9722","contributorId":2037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doctor","given":"Daniel","email":"dhdoctor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70131489,"text":"70131489 - 2014 - Africa-wide monitoring of small surface water bodies using multisource satellite data: A monitoring system for FEWS NET","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-26T14:20:47.474944","indexId":"70131489","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"5","title":"Africa-wide monitoring of small surface water bodies using multisource satellite data: A monitoring system for FEWS NET","docAbstract":"<p>Continental Africa has the highest volume of water stored in wetlands, large lakes, reservoirs, and rivers, yet it suffers from problems such as water availability and access. With climate change intensifying the hydrologic cycle and altering the distribution and frequency of rainfall, the problem of water availability and access will increase further. Famine&nbsp;Early Warning Systems&nbsp;Network (FEWS NET) funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) has initiated a large-scale project to monitor small to medium surface water points in Africa. Under this project, multisource satellite data and hydrologic modeling techniques are integrated to monitor several hundreds of small to medium surface water points in Africa. This approach has been already tested to operationally monitor 41 water points in East Africa. The validation of modeled scaled depths with field-installed gauge data demonstrated the ability of the model to capture both the spatial patterns and seasonal variations. Modeled scaled estimates captured up to 60 % of the observed gauge variability with a mean root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 22 %. The data on relative water level, precipitation, and evapotranspiration (ETo) for water points in&nbsp;East and West&nbsp;Africa were modeled since 1998 and current information is being made available in near-real time. This chapter presents the approach, results from the East African study, and the first phase of expansion activities in the West Africa region. The water point monitoring network will be further expanded to cover much of sub-Saharan Africa. The goal of this study is to provide timely information on the water availability that would support already established FEWS NET activities in Africa. This chapter also presents the potential improvements in modeling approach to be implemented during future expansion in Africa.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nile River Basin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-02720-3_5","usgsCitation":"Velpuri, N.M., Senay, G.B., Rowland, J., Verdin, J.P., and Alemu, H., 2014, Africa-wide monitoring of small surface water bodies using multisource satellite data: A monitoring system for FEWS NET, chap. 5 <i>of</i> Nile River Basin, p. 69-95, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02720-3_5.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"69","endPage":"95","numberOfPages":"27","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052450","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296230,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Africa","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -21.796875,\n              -35.17380831799957\n            ],\n            [\n              -21.796875,\n              37.85750715625203\n            ],\n            [\n              51.50390625,\n              37.85750715625203\n            ],\n            [\n              51.50390625,\n              -35.17380831799957\n            ],\n            [\n              -21.796875,\n              -35.17380831799957\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  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G.","contributorId":127537,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Setegn","given":"Shimelis","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":7017,"text":"Florida International University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525614,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Velpuri, Naga Manohar 0000-0002-6370-1926 nvelpuri@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6370-1926","contributorId":4441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Velpuri","given":"Naga","email":"nvelpuri@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Manohar","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":521260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Senay, Gabriel B. 0000-0002-8810-8539 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,{"id":70189679,"text":"70189679 - 2014 - Evaluation of wastewater contaminant transport in surface waters using verified Lagrangian sampling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T16:50:42","indexId":"70189679","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of wastewater contaminant transport in surface waters using verified Lagrangian sampling","docAbstract":"<p><span>Contaminants released from wastewater treatment plants can persist in surface waters for substantial distances. Much research has gone into evaluating the fate and transport of these contaminants, but this work has often assumed constant flow from wastewater treatment plants. However, effluent discharge commonly varies widely over a 24-hour period, and this variation controls contaminant loading and can profoundly influence interpretations of environmental data. We show that methodologies relying on the normalization of downstream data to conservative elements can give spurious results, and should not be used unless it can be verified that the same parcel of water was sampled. Lagrangian sampling, which in theory samples the same water parcel as it moves downstream (the Lagrangian parcel), links hydrologic and chemical transformation processes so that the in-stream fate of wastewater contaminants can be quantitatively evaluated. However, precise Lagrangian sampling is difficult, and small deviations – such as missing the Lagrangian parcel by less than 1</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>h – can cause large differences in measured concentrations of all dissolved compounds at downstream sites, leading to erroneous conclusions regarding in-stream processes controlling the fate and transport of wastewater contaminants. Therefore, we have developed a method termed “verified Lagrangian” sampling, which can be used to determine if the Lagrangian parcel was actually sampled, and if it was not, a means for correcting the data to reflect the concentrations which would have been obtained had the Lagrangian parcel been sampled. To apply the method, it is necessary to have concentration data for a number of conservative constituents from the upstream, effluent, and downstream sites, along with upstream and effluent concentrations that are constant over the short-term (typically 2–4</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>h). These corrections can subsequently be applied to all data, including non-conservative constituents. Finally, we show how data from other studies can be corrected.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.09.079","usgsCitation":"Antweiler, R.C., Writer, J.H., and Murphy, S.F., 2014, Evaluation of wastewater contaminant transport in surface waters using verified Lagrangian sampling: Science of the Total Environment, v. 470-471, p. 551-558, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.09.079.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"551","endPage":"558","ipdsId":"IP-042105","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344087,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"470-471","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59706fbce4b0d1f9f065a8fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Antweiler, Ronald C. 0000-0001-5652-6034 antweil@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5652-6034","contributorId":1481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Antweiler","given":"Ronald","email":"antweil@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Writer, Jeffrey H. jwriter@usgs.gov","contributorId":1393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Writer","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jwriter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":705758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Murphy, Sheila F. 0000-0002-5481-3635 sfmurphy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5481-3635","contributorId":1854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"Sheila","email":"sfmurphy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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