Veins composed mainly of calcite and some galena, sphalerite, fluorite, and other minerals are widespread in the Frontenac axis area of New York and Ontario. In New York, the veins (Fig. 1) occur mainly west and northwest of Gouverneur (Brown, 1983). The veins, mined in the 1800s for lead, were first described by Emmons (1838). Smyth (1903) called these the \"Rossie lead veins,\" a name now used locally for all veins of this type. Similar veins in southeastern Ontario were described by Uglow (1916) and Sangster (1970).
\nThe steeply dipping veins are aligned along extensional fractures in metamorphic rocks of the Grenville Complex and in Paleozoic sedimentary rocks, including the Potsdam Sandstone of Late Cambrian age, and limestones as young as Middle Ordovician. However, the age of emplacement of Rossie veins is unknown. The veins are mineralogically simple, consisting of calcite (~95%) with minor and approximately equal amounts of sphalerite and galena, and sparse fluorite, barite, celestite, and chalcopyrite (Brown, 1983). Paragenetically early minerals are crushed and granulated; later undeformed minerals fill open spaces (Fig. 2). Sandstone dikes that originated from either the overlying Potsdam Sandstone or stratigraphically higher arenaceous rocks cut into the Rossie veins and occupy all available space. Their unstratified nature suggests that sand was intruded under high hydraulic pressure during tectonic events that reopened the veins. Most veins are vertical and narrow (1-3 cm wide) and those that were mined are as much as 1.7 m wide. The veins trend mainly northwest-southeast but have a local east-west orientation. The fractures and veins show evidence of strike-slip faulting with a right-lateral offset due to late reactivation of north-east-trending faults that originally formed during the Proterozoic Grenville orogeny. Relatively rare inclined veins, termed gash veins (Brown, 1983), occur in proximity to some of the regional northeast-trending faults. These veins contain open spaces lined with large, undeformed crystals of calcite (~90%) and green fluorite (~5%). The minerals of the northeast-trending gash veins, which dip to the northwest, are believed to be paragenetically late results of the same mineralization and tectonic event that produced the Rossie veins. For example, the green fluorite in the gash veins is similar in color and occurrence to small fluorite crystals in vugs in the vertical Rossie veins. Associated with the fluorite in both occurrences is coarse crystalline calcite containing tiny tetrahedra of chalcopyrite aligned along crystallographic planes.
\nThe present study of fluid inclusions and lead isotopes was done to understand better the nature and possible source of the mineralizing solutions for both vertical and gash veins and the possible origin of the lead and zinc mineralization. Large deposits of essentially syngenetic sphalerite with minor to trace galena occur in the Proterozoic rocks of this region (e.g., Balmat-Edwards, New York). Although none of these deposits are known in the immediate vicinity of Rossie veins, the possibility that Rossie veins contain remobilized metals from these older deposits was considered.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists, Inc.","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.82.2.489","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Ayuso, R., Foley, N.K., and Brown, C.E., 1987, Source of lead and mineralizing brines for rossie-type Pb-Zn veins in the Frontenac axis area, New York ( USA).: Economic Geology, v. 82, no. 2, p. 489-491, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.82.2.489.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"489","endPage":"491","numberOfPages":"3","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226002,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76,\n 44\n ],\n [\n -76,\n 45\n ],\n [\n -75,\n 45\n ],\n [\n -75,\n 44\n ],\n [\n -76,\n 44\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"82","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1987-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9331e4b08c986b31a358","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ayuso, Robert","contributorId":96350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayuso","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foley, Nora K. 0000-0003-0124-3509 nfoley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0124-3509","contributorId":4010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foley","given":"Nora","email":"nfoley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":367565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, C. Erwin","contributorId":96261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Erwin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":2000102,"text":"2000102 - 1987 - Bird behavior and mortality in relation to power lines in prairie habitats","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-20T11:18:15","indexId":"2000102","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":91,"text":"Technical Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"7","title":"Bird behavior and mortality in relation to power lines in prairie habitats","docAbstract":"Research was conducted to determine the magnitude of avian mortality caused by power transmission lines in prairie habitats during the two spring and two fall migration periods between July 1980 and May 1982. Searches for dead birds were made at least twice weekly during each migration period. Study sites were selected to include 'worst-case' situations involving potentially large concentrations of birds.In total, 633 dead birds were found beneath 9.6 km of power lines. About 81% of the birds were found during fall migration. Removal of birds by scavengers was of minor, although local, importance, and observer error in finding birds was greatest in areas of dense vegetation. Total kill was estimated at 1,332 birds.Data were gathered on more than 7,000 bird flights observed in the vicinity of the power lines. Sixty-eight percent of the birds did not respond to the presence of the power lines. Flaring and climbing over the conductor or overhead ground wire occurred in about 25% of the flights. One hundred nine birds in 82 flocks were observed to collide with a power line. Of these birds, 87% flared to climb over the power line before colliding. The overhead ground wire was responsible for most deaths, as 102 of 109 birds collided with it.Whereas none of the mortality observed was considered to be biologically significant at the particular sites examined, the cumulative effect of mortality sustained from collisions with power lines may be important, particularly to populations of rare or endangered birds.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","usgsCitation":"Faanes, C.A., 1987, Bird behavior and mortality in relation to power lines in prairie habitats: Technical Report 7.","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198486,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":112253,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf&AD=ADA322514","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2fe4b07f02db616478","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Faanes, C. A.","contributorId":8790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faanes","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014255,"text":"70014255 - 1987 - Geochemistry of the rare earth elements in ferromanganese nodules from DOMES Site A, northern equatorial Pacific","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-03T15:59:10.302614","indexId":"70014255","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemistry of the rare earth elements in ferromanganese nodules from DOMES Site A, northern equatorial Pacific","docAbstract":"The distribution of rare earth elements (REE) in ferromanganese nodules from DOMES Site A has been determined by instrumental neutron activation methods. The concentrations of the REE vary markedly. Low concentrations characterize samples from a depression (the valley), in which Quaternary sediments are thin or absent; high concentrations are found in samples from the surrounding abyssal hills (the highlands) where the Quaternary sediment section is relatively thick. Moreover, the valley nodules are strongly depleted in the light trivalent REE (LREE) and Ce compared with nodules from the highlands, some of the former showing negative Ce anomalies.
The REE abundances in the nodules are strongly influenced by the REE abundances in coexisting bottom water. Some controls on the REE chemistry of bottom waters include: a) the more effective removal of the LREE relative to the HREE from seawater because of the greater degree of complexation of the latter elements with seawater ligands, b) the very efficient oxidative scavenging of Ce on particle surfaces in seawater, and c) the strong depletion of both Ce and the LREE in, or a larger benthic flux of the HREE into, the Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) which flows through the valley. The distinctive REE chemistry of valley nodules is a function of their growth from geochemically evolved AABW. In contrast, the REE chemistry of highland nodules indicates growth from a local, less evolved seawater source.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(87)90287-0","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Calvert, S., Piper, D., and Baedecker, P.A., 1987, Geochemistry of the rare earth elements in ferromanganese nodules from DOMES Site A, northern equatorial Pacific: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 51, no. 9, p. 2331-2338, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(87)90287-0.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"2331","endPage":"2338","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225499,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1723e4b0c8380cd553c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Calvert, S.E.","contributorId":12196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calvert","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piper, D.Z.","contributorId":34154,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Piper","given":"D.Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baedecker, P. A.","contributorId":95444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baedecker","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014191,"text":"70014191 - 1987 - New perspectives on the eruption of 1912 in the valley of ten thousand smokes, Katmai National Park, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:29","indexId":"70014191","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New perspectives on the eruption of 1912 in the valley of ten thousand smokes, Katmai National Park, Alaska","docAbstract":"New data extend our understanding of the 1912 eruption, its backfilled vent complex at Novarupta, and magma-storage systems beneath adjacent stratovolcanoes. Initial Plinian rhyolite fallout is confined to a narrow downwind sector, and its maximum thickness may occur as far as 13 km from source. In contrast, the partly contemporaneous rhyolite-rich ash flows underwent relatively low-energy emplacement, their generation evidently being decoupled from the high column. Flow veneers 1-13 m thick on near-vent ridge crests exhibit a general rhyolite-to-andesite sequence like that of the much thicker valley-confined ignimbrite into which they merge downslope. Lithics in both the initial Plinian and the ignimbrite are predominantly fragments of the Jurassic Naknek Formation, which extends from the surface to a depth of ca. 1500 m. Absence of lithics from the underlying sedimentary section limits to < 1.5 km the fragmentation level and the structural depth of the vent, which is thought to be funnel-shaped, flaring shallowly to a surface diameter of 2 km. Overlying the ignimbrite are layers of Plinian dacite fallout, > 100 m thick near source and 10 m thick 3 km away, which dip back into an inner vent <0.5 km wide, nested inside the earlier vent funnel of the ignimbrite. The dacite fallout is poor in Naknek lithics but contains abundant fragments of vitrophyre, most of which was vent-filling, densely welded tuff reejected during later phases of the 3-day eruption. Adjacent to the inner vent, a 225-m-high asymmetrical accumulation of coarse near-vent ejecta is stratigraphically continuous with the regional dacite fallout. Distensional faulting of its crest may reflect spreading related to compaction and welding. Nearby andesite-dacite stratovolcanoes, i.e., Martin, Mageik, Trident, and Katmai, display at least 12 vents that define a linear volcanic front trending N65??E. The 1912 vent and adjacent dacite domes are disposed parallel to the front and ca. 4 km behind it. Mount Griggs, 10 km behind the front, is more potassic than other centers, taps isotopically more depleted source materials, and reflects a wholly independent magmatic plumbing system. Geochemical differences among the stratovolcanoes, characteristically small eruptive volumes ( < 0.1 to 0.4 km3), and the dominance of andesite and low-SiO2 dacite suggest complex crustal reservoirs, not large integrated magma chambers. Linear fractures just outside the 1912 vent strike nearly normal to the volcanic front and may reflect dike transport of magma previously stored beneath Trident 3-5 km away. Caldera collapse at Mount Katmai may have taken place in response to hydraulic transfer of Katmai magma toward Novarupta via reservoir components beneath Trident. The voluminous 1912 eruption (12-15 km3 DRE) was also unusual in producing high-silica rhyolite (6-9 km3 DRE), a composition rare in this arc and on volcanic fronts in general. Isotopic data indicate that rhyolite genesis involved little assimilation of sedimentary rocks, pre-Tertiary plutonic rocks, or hydrothermally altered rocks of any age. Trace-element data suggest nonetheless that the rhyolite contains a nontrivial crustal contribution, most likely partial melts of Late Cenozoic arc-intrusive rocks. Because the three compositions (77%, 66-64.5%, and 61.5-58.5% SiO2) that intermingled in 1912 vented both concurrently and repeatedly (after eruptive pauses hours in duration), the compositional gaps between them must have been intrinsic to the reservoir, not merely effects of withdrawal dynamics. ?? 1987 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Volcanology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF01080359","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Hildreth, W., 1987, New perspectives on the eruption of 1912 in the valley of ten thousand smokes, Katmai National Park, Alaska: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 49, no. 5, p. 680-693, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01080359.","startPage":"680","endPage":"693","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205639,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01080359"},{"id":225626,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a65fae4b0c8380cd72cc5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hildreth, W. 0000-0002-7925-4251","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7925-4251","contributorId":100487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildreth","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014141,"text":"70014141 - 1987 - Field observations of slush ice generated during freeze-up in arctic coastal waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-18T11:15:25.942159","indexId":"70014141","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Field observations of slush ice generated during freeze-up in arctic coastal waters","docAbstract":"The abundance of rare-earth elements (REE) and yttrium in geological materials is generally low, and most samples contain elements that interfere in the determination of the REE and Y, so a separation and/or preconcentration step is often necessary. This is often achieved by ion-exchange chromatography with either nitric or hydrochloric acid. It is advantageous, however, to use both acids sequentially. The final solution thus obtained contains only the REE and Y, with minor amounts of Al, Ba, Ca, Sc, Sr and Ti. Elements that potentially interfere, such as Be, Co, Cr, Fe, Mn, Th, U, V and Zr, are virtually eliminated. Inductively-coupled argon plasma atomic-emission spectroscopy can then be used for a final precise and accurate measurement. The method can also be used with other instrumental methods of analysis.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0039-9140(86)80137-0","issn":"00399140","usgsCitation":"Crock, J., Lichte, F., Riddle, G.O., and Beech, C., 1986, Separation and preconcentration of the rare-earth elements and yttrium from geological materials by ion-exchange and sequential acid elution: Talanta, v. 33, no. 7, p. 601-606, https://doi.org/10.1016/0039-9140(86)80137-0.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"601","endPage":"606","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223615,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d3ee4b08c986b3182f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crock, J.G.","contributorId":58236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crock","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lichte, F.E.","contributorId":99108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lichte","given":"F.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Riddle, G. O.","contributorId":69148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riddle","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Beech, C.L.","contributorId":63960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beech","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":25939,"text":"wri854181 - 1986 - Statistical summary and evaluation of the quality of surface water in the Colorado River basin, 1973-82 water years","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-21T19:07:44.814656","indexId":"wri854181","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4181","title":"Statistical summary and evaluation of the quality of surface water in the Colorado River basin, 1973-82 water years","docAbstract":"Significant upward trends in dissolved-solids concentrations were detected with the Seasonal Kendall Test for trends at three stations in the upper basin during the study period. The increases exceeded 270 milligrams per liter per year at two stations and 165 milligrams per liter per year at the third station.
\nThe composition of dissolved constituents in the Colorado River basin changes from predominantly sodium and chloride ions in the upper basin to predominantly calcium and bicarbonate ions in the lower basin. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency secondary drinking-water regulations of 500 milligrams per liter for total dissolved solids was exceeded 95 percent of the time at each station on the main stem of the Colorado River in the upper basin. In the middle Colorado River basin, the Environmental Protection Agency secondary drinking-water regulations for total dissolved solids was exceeded approximately 95 percent of the time at most stations.
\nNutrient concentrations in the Colorado River basin generally were low. Only one sample exceeded the level set for nitrate nitrogen, and no other nutrient species exceeded Environmental Protection Agency levels. A general upward trend was detected in organic nitrogen and total nitrogen, but concentrations still remained low.
\nDensities of fecal-col iform and fecal-streptococcal bacteria ranged from less than 1 colony per 100 milliliters to 26,000 colonies per 100 milliliters and 1 colony per 100 milliliters to 50,000 colonies per 100 milliliters, respectively. Fecal-coliform densities exceeded Environmental Protection Agency criteria for public water supply (2,000 colonies per 100 milliliters) at several stations during the study.
\nBiochemical oxygen demand concentrations ranged from 0.00 to 34 milligrams per liter. Only one mean biochemical oxygen demand concentration exceeded 8 milligrams per liter, the upper range of concentration common in moderately contaminated streams.
\nTrace elements and pesticides were detected in many samples throughout the basin. The concentrations generally were low, and maximum contaminant levels rarely were exceeded.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/wri854181","usgsCitation":"Andrews, F.L., and Schertz, T.L., 1986, Statistical summary and evaluation of the quality of surface water in the Colorado River basin, 1973-82 water years: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4181, Report: vi, 97 p.; 1 Plate: 21.78 x 10.92 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854181.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 97 p.; 1 Plate: 21.78 x 10.92 inches","numberOfPages":"102","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":54694,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4181/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54695,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4181/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":404276,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36335.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":157165,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4181/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -102,\n 29\n ],\n [\n -96,\n 29\n ],\n [\n -96,\n 33\n ],\n [\n -102,\n 33\n ],\n [\n -102,\n 29\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e478ee4b07f02db489f60","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andrews, Freeman L.","contributorId":91486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"Freeman","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schertz, Terry L. tschertz@usgs.gov","contributorId":188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schertz","given":"Terry","email":"tschertz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":195516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":15324,"text":"ofr86565 - 1986 - Red-Sea rift magmatism near Al Lith, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-07T14:20:00","indexId":"ofr86565","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-565","title":"Red-Sea rift magmatism near Al Lith, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","docAbstract":"A newly recognized Tertiary dike complex and comagmatic volcanic rocks exposed on the central Saudi Arabian coastal plain record early stages of magmatism related to Red Sea rifting. Intrusive and stratigraphic relationships, and new potassium-argon dating indicate episodic magmatism from about 30 Ma to the present. Additional stratigraphic and radiometric evidence suggests that limited rift-related magmatism may have began as early as about 50 Ma ago. An early phase of crustal extension in the region was accompanied by faulting and graben formation and by dike-swarm intrusion. The style of extension and intrusion changed approximately 20 Ma ago. Localized volcanism and sheeted dike injection ceased and were replaced by the intrusion of thick gabbro dikes. This change may mark the onset of sea-floor spreading in the central Red Sea.
\nThe dikes and volcanic rocks consist of a bimodal mafic-felsic suite with transitional subalkaline to alkaline chemistry. Although no unique petrogenetic model can be developed for the suite, the following observations and conclusions are apparent from the available reconnaissance geochemistry: 1) Strontium isotopic initial ratios overlap in the range 0.7031 to 0.7047 and are not clearly related to alkalinity or silica content. Therefore, the bimodality and alkalinity of the suite are not products of contamination by the radiogenic Precambrian upper-crustal granitic rocks exposed in the region. 2) Several of the evolved rocks (rhyolites and comendite) show large to extreme negative europium anomalies and heavy rare-earth element (HREE) enrichment, features that cannot be explained by low-pressure crystal fractionation of potential parent magmas. An intriguing possibility is that HREE enrichments and large negative Eu anomalies of some peraluminous rhyolites (and granites) may result from the complete melting of garnet from middle or lower crustal rocks. 3) Most of the basalts are light rare-earth element (LREE)-enriched, consistent with derivation from fertile mantle in a continental-rift setting, however, interaction of the mafic melts with lower continental crust cannot be ruled out.
\nA model of poly-baric mantle-melt derivation, producing several alkalinesubalkaline cycles, best explains magmatism in the Red Sea region. Differences in the depths and dynamics of mantle-melt extraction and transport brought about through changes in crust and mantle structure as the rift and paar developed may account for the transition from mixed alkaline-subalkaline bimodal magmatism of the pre-20 Ma rift basin to exclusively subalkaline (tholeiitic) magmatism at the Red Sea spreading axis and to predominantly alkali basalt volcanism within the Arabian Shield.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr86565","usgsCitation":"Pallister, J., 1986, Red-Sea rift magmatism near Al Lith, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-565, i, 41 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr86565.","productDescription":"i, 41 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":146458,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0565/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":44254,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0565/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"Saudi Arabia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 39,\n 20\n ],\n [\n 39,\n 21\n ],\n [\n 41,\n 21\n ],\n [\n 41,\n 20\n ],\n [\n 39,\n 20\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db63534a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pallister, J.S.","contributorId":46534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pallister","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":15858,"text":"ofr86570A - 1986 - RAREPLOT; a computer program for plotting rare earth element data using IBM PC, Lotus 1-2-3, and a Hewlett-Packard plotter","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:14","indexId":"ofr86570A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-570","chapter":"A","title":"RAREPLOT; a computer program for plotting rare earth element data using IBM PC, Lotus 1-2-3, and a Hewlett-Packard plotter","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr86570A","usgsCitation":"Schumann, R., 1986, RAREPLOT; a computer program for plotting rare earth element data using IBM PC, Lotus 1-2-3, and a Hewlett-Packard plotter: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-570, 8 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr86570A.","productDescription":"8 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":149296,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0570a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":44863,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0570a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db649ff4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schumann, R.R.","contributorId":14429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schumann","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":171845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":15859,"text":"ofr86570B - 1986 - RAREPLOT; a computer program for plotting rare earth element data using an IBM PC, Lotus 1-2-3, and a Hewlett-Packard plotter","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-23T14:45:52","indexId":"ofr86570B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-570","chapter":"B","title":"RAREPLOT; a computer program for plotting rare earth element data using an IBM PC, Lotus 1-2-3, and a Hewlett-Packard plotter","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr86570B","collaboration":"The USGS does not support this software or technical questions for the software associated with the publication.","usgsCitation":"Schumann, R., 1986, RAREPLOT; a computer program for plotting rare earth element data using an IBM PC, Lotus 1-2-3, and a Hewlett-Packard plotter: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-570, 1 computer disk ;5 1/4 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr86570B.","productDescription":"1 computer disk ;5 1/4 in.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":149297,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266319,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0570b/program.zip"},{"id":266321,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr86570A"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db649fb4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schumann, R.R.","contributorId":14429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schumann","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":171846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":16162,"text":"ofr86261 - 1986 - Trace-element contents of postorogenic granites of the eastern Arabian Shield, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-02T18:41:11","indexId":"ofr86261","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-261","title":"Trace-element contents of postorogenic granites of the eastern Arabian Shield, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","docAbstract":"Trace-element contents for 46 postorogenic granitoids vary by as much as two orders of magnitude; most samples are strongly enriched in incompatible elements (such as the heavy rare earths, yttrium, niobium, and uranium) and depleted in the compatible elements (such as barium, strontium, scandium, europium, and cobalt). These trace-element characteristics are typical of A-type granites found in other areas of the world. In spite of the wide range in trace-element contents, no samples contained economically significant concentrations of a single element.
\nSamples range from peralkaline to strongly peraluminous; most are weakly peraluminous or metaluminous. All three subgroups (peralkaline, metaluminous, and peraluminous) are enriched in uranium and hafnium and are depleted in compatible elements. The peralkaline granites are generally enriched in yttrium and niobium - the strongly peraluminous granites in rubidium and tantalum; both groups are also somewhat enriched in the heavy-rare-earth elements. Several of the peraluminous granites are known to be tin-bearing and, like tin-bearing granites found elsewhere in the world, their chondrite-normalized, rare-earth-element patterns are flat and have large negative europium anomalies.
\nSamples from several plutons have very anomalous ratios for geochemically similar elements such as yttrium and holmium, niobium and tantalum, and zirconium and hafnium. These ratios may reflect differential complexing with a halogen-rich aqueous phase that may be characteristic of plutons that have been subjected to an ore-forming process. A program to test these hypotheses, through study of known mineralized areas and laboratory experiments, should be implemented.
\nThe regional trends for the chemical data and geochemical correlations over the large area sampled, suggest that the postorogenic granites were derived from a single protolith that formed by the mixing of oceanic sediments from the west, continental sediments from the east.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr86261","usgsCitation":"Stuckless, J., Vaughn, R.B., and VanTrump, G., 1986, Trace-element contents of postorogenic granites of the eastern Arabian Shield, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-261, i, 49 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr86261.","productDescription":"i, 49 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":149269,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0261/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":45089,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0261/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"Saudi Arabia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 38,\n 28\n ],\n [\n 38,\n 17\n ],\n [\n 46,\n 17\n ],\n [\n 46,\n 28\n ],\n [\n 38,\n 28\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4de4b07f02db627327","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stuckless, J. S.","contributorId":6060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuckless","given":"J. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vaughn, R. B.","contributorId":27043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vaughn","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"VanTrump, George Jr.","contributorId":54193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"VanTrump","given":"George","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":25686,"text":"wri864075 - 1986 - Occurrence and availability of ground water in the Athens region, northeastern Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-24T12:01:42","indexId":"wri864075","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4075","title":"Occurrence and availability of ground water in the Athens region, northeastern Georgia","docAbstract":"A study was conducted to assess the occurrence and availability of groundwater in the crystalline rocks of the Piedmont area in northeastern Georgia and to determine whether groundwater is a viable alternative or supplemental source for industrial, public and private supplies. The area is underlain by a variety of metamorphic and igneous rocks. The quantity of water that a rock unit can supply to wells is determined by the number, capacity, and interconnection of the secondary openings. Of an estimated 10,000 successful wells drilled in the Athens Region, 972 wells are reported by drilling contractors to supply from 20 to 300 gal/min. Studies of well sites revealed that high yielding wells can be developed only where the water bearing units have undergone significant increases in secondary permeability. This occurs mainly in association with (1) contact zones between rock units of contrasting character, (2) contact zones within multilayered rock units, (3) fault zones, (4) stress-relief fractures, and (5) shear zones. Groundwater may be a viable alternative or supplemental source for industrial, public, and private supplies in much of the Athens Region. In 1980, groundwater made up 38% (18 million gal/day) of the total water used in the area. Yields of 20 to more than 200 gal/min are obtained from wells throughout most of the region, and the water is generally of good chemical quality and is suitable for drinking and many other uses. Concentrations of dissolved constituents are fairly consistent throughout the area. Except for iron, manganese, and fluoride, dissolved constituents rarely exceed drinking water standards. (Lantz-PTT)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri864075","usgsCitation":"Radtke, D.B., Cressler, C., Perlman, H., Blanchard, H., McFadden, K., and Brooks, R., 1986, Occurrence and availability of ground water in the Athens region, northeastern Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4075, v, 79 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864075.","productDescription":"v, 79 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":54448,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4075/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54449,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4075/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123390,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4075/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","city":"Athens","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.5013427734375,\n 32.89342578969234\n ],\n [\n -84.5013427734375,\n 34.63772760271713\n ],\n [\n -81.93603515625,\n 34.63772760271713\n ],\n [\n -81.93603515625,\n 32.89342578969234\n ],\n [\n -84.5013427734375,\n 32.89342578969234\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649606","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Radtke, D. B.","contributorId":72821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Radtke","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cressler, C.W.","contributorId":37302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cressler","given":"C.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Perlman, H.A.","contributorId":84406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perlman","given":"H.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blanchard, H.E. Jr.","contributorId":57888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blanchard","given":"H.E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McFadden, K.W.","contributorId":22766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McFadden","given":"K.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brooks, Rebekah","contributorId":6457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Rebekah","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":13335,"text":"ofr86364 - 1986 - Mineral resource potential of National Forest RARE II and wilderness areas in Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:00","indexId":"ofr86364","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-364","title":"Mineral resource potential of National Forest RARE II and wilderness areas in Colorado","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr86364","usgsCitation":"Dickerson, R.P., 1986, Mineral resource potential of National Forest RARE II and wilderness areas in Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-364, vi, 178 p. :map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr86364.","productDescription":"vi, 178 p. :map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":147985,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0364/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":41755,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0364/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":41756,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0364/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4fe4b07f02db62863d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dickerson, R. P. (compiler)","contributorId":34152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dickerson","given":"R.","suffix":"(compiler)","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":167638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29942,"text":"wri864029 - 1986 - Cluster analysis of phytoplankton data collected from the National Stream Quality Accounting Network in the Tennessee River basin, 1974-81","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-13T20:16:48.820901","indexId":"wri864029","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4029","title":"Cluster analysis of phytoplankton data collected from the National Stream Quality Accounting Network in the Tennessee River basin, 1974-81","docAbstract":"A computer program, Numerical Taxonomy System of Multivariate Statistical Programs (NTSYS), was used with interfacing software to perform cluster analyses of phytoplankton data stored in the biological files of the U.S. Geological Survey. The NTSYS software performs various types of statistical analyses and is capable of handling a large matrix of data. Cluster analyses were done on phytoplankton data collected from 1974 to 1981 at four national Stream Quality Accounting Network stations in the Tennessee River basin. Analysis of the changes in clusters of phytoplankton genera indicated possible changes in the water quality of the French Broad River near Knoxville, Tennessee. At this station, the most common diatom groups indicated a shift in dominant forms with some of the less common diatoms being replaced by green and blue-green algae. There was a reduction in genera variability between 1974-77 and 1979-81 sampling periods. Statistical analysis of chloride and dissolved solids confirmed that concentrations of these substances were smaller in 1974-77 than in 1979-81. At Pickwick Landing Dam, the furthest downstream station used in the study, there was an increase in the number of genera of ' rare ' organisms with time. The appearance of two groups of green and blue-green algae indicated that an increase in temperature or nutrient concentrations occurred from 1974 to 1981, but this could not be confirmed using available water quality data. Associations of genera forming the phytoplankton communities at three stations on the Tennessee River were found to be seasonal. Nodal analysis of combined data from all four stations used in the study did not identify any seasonal or temporal patterns during 1974-81. Cluster analysis using the NYSYS programs was effective in reducing the large phytoplankton data set to a manageable size and provided considerable insight into the structure of phytoplankton communities in the Tennessee River basin. Problems encountered using cluster analysis were the subjectivity introduced in the definition of meaningful clusters, and the lack of taxonomic identification to the species level. (Author 's abstract)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri864029","usgsCitation":"Stephens, D.W., and Wangsgard, J., 1986, Cluster analysis of phytoplankton data collected from the National Stream Quality Accounting Network in the Tennessee River basin, 1974-81: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4029, Report: v, 48 p.; 2 Plates: 47.46 x 16.79 inches and 41.85 x 22.70 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864029.","productDescription":"Report: v, 48 p.; 2 Plates: 47.46 x 16.79 inches and 41.85 x 22.70 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":423520,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_49210.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":58765,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4029/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58764,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4029/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58766,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4029/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124257,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4029/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee","otherGeospatial":"Tennessee River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.42211091352539,\n 37.02851784026153\n ],\n [\n -89.29947713012206,\n 37.02851784026153\n ],\n [\n -89.29947713012206,\n 34.352514500703975\n ],\n [\n -81.42211091352539,\n 34.352514500703975\n ],\n [\n -81.42211091352539,\n 37.02851784026153\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de0ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stephens, D. W.","contributorId":68335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephens","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wangsgard, J. B.","contributorId":40246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wangsgard","given":"J. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":61520,"text":"mf1581B - 1986 - Geochemical map of the North Fork John Day River Roadless Area, Grant County, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-23T10:39:47","indexId":"mf1581B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1581","chapter":"B","title":"Geochemical map of the North Fork John Day River Roadless Area, Grant County, Oregon","docAbstract":"The Wilderness Act (Public Law 88-577, September 3, 1964) and related acts require the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Bureau of Mines to survey certain areas on Federal lands to determine their mineral resource potential. Results must be made available to the public and submitted to the President and the Congress. This report presents the analytical results of a geochemical survey of the North Fork John Day River Roadless Area (B6253) in the Umatilla and Wallowa-Whitman National Forests, Grant County, Oregon. The North Fork John Day River Roadless Area was classified as a further planning area during the Second Roadless Area Review and Evaluation (RARE II) by the U.S. Forest Service, January 1979.
\nThe North Fork John Day River Roadless Area comprised 21,210 acres in the Umatilla and Wallowa-Whitman National Forests, Grant County, Oregon, about 30 miles northwest of Baker, Oregon. The irregularly shaped area extends for about 1 mile on both sides of a 25-mile segment of the North Fork John Day River from Big Creek on the west to North Fork John Day Campground on the east. Most of the roadless area is in the northern half of the Desolation Butte 15-minute quadrangle. The eastern end of the area is in parts of the Granite and Trout Meadows 7½-minute quadrangles.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf1581B","usgsCitation":"Evans, J.G., 1986, Geochemical map of the North Fork John Day River Roadless Area, Grant County, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1581, 36.58 x 25.48 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1581B.","productDescription":"36.58 x 25.48 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":182476,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf1581b.PNG"},{"id":327606,"rank":1,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1581-B/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","county":"Grant County","otherGeospatial":"North Fork John Day River Roadless Area, Umatilla National Forest, Wallowa-Whitman National Forest","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.66666666666667,44.833333333333336 ], [ -118.66666666666667,45 ], [ -118.41666666666667,45 ], [ -118.41666666666667,44.833333333333336 ], [ -118.66666666666667,44.833333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae1f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Evans, James G. jevans@usgs.gov","contributorId":2396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"James","email":"jevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":265863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":60701,"text":"mf1523D - 1986 - Geochemical map of the Chama River Canyon Wilderness and contiguous roadless area, Rio Arriba County, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-23T09:23:08","indexId":"mf1523D","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1523","chapter":"D","title":"Geochemical map of the Chama River Canyon Wilderness and contiguous roadless area, Rio Arriba County, New Mexico","docAbstract":"The Chama River Canyon Wilderness, in Rio Arriba County, north-central New Mexico, covers 50,300 acres (20,364 hectares) within the Coyote and Cuba Ranger Districts of the Santa Fe National Forest and the Canjilon Ranger District of the Carson National Forest. In 1979 the U.S. Forest Service, under the Forest Service Roadless Area Review and Evaluation (RARE II) program, designated three additional areas, contiguous to the wilderness, for further planning to assess wilderness characteristics. These areas, totaling 4,800 acres (1,945 hectares), were collectively designated Roadless area 03098; they have since been dropped from consideration.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/mf1523D","usgsCitation":"Ridgley, J.L., 1986, Geochemical map of the Chama River Canyon Wilderness and contiguous roadless area, Rio Arriba County, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1523, 57.90 x 40.98 inches and 31.55 x 55.11 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1523D.","productDescription":"57.90 x 40.98 inches and 31.55 x 55.11 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":183778,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf1523D.PNG"},{"id":327477,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1523-D/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":327476,"rank":1,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1523-D/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"48000","country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","county":"Rio Arriba","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.53648376464844,\n 36.32342390127617\n ],\n [\n -106.5728759765625,\n 36.29797158989663\n ],\n [\n -106.57630920410156,\n 36.26309950975007\n ],\n [\n -106.5955352783203,\n 36.251472021249235\n ],\n [\n -106.59965515136719,\n 36.24150422516992\n ],\n [\n -106.60789489746094,\n 36.2348583215162\n ],\n [\n -106.61064147949217,\n 36.22211876039103\n ],\n [\n -106.61270141601562,\n 36.213255233061844\n ],\n [\n -106.61270141601562,\n 36.19718753045534\n ],\n [\n -106.63055419921875,\n 36.18998369654791\n ],\n [\n -106.666259765625,\n 36.190537861146936\n ],\n [\n -106.68205261230469,\n 36.18776699893773\n ],\n [\n -106.70814514160156,\n 36.201620329590966\n ],\n [\n -106.75277709960938,\n 36.218795055321934\n ],\n [\n -106.75552368164062,\n 36.24925706532348\n ],\n [\n -106.74316406249999,\n 36.27306455094137\n ],\n [\n -106.76307678222656,\n 36.31014547110034\n ],\n [\n -106.78642272949219,\n 36.342784223707234\n ],\n [\n -106.81938171386719,\n 36.37485644939407\n ],\n [\n -106.8207550048828,\n 36.40249431065168\n ],\n [\n -106.81869506835938,\n 36.43177971506432\n ],\n [\n -106.79946899414062,\n 36.43509434800219\n ],\n [\n -106.76513671875,\n 36.43012234551576\n ],\n [\n -106.7376708984375,\n 36.41520442730449\n ],\n [\n -106.73698425292969,\n 36.454979172906775\n ],\n [\n -106.74247741699219,\n 36.47375460532763\n ],\n [\n -106.75277709960938,\n 36.500805317604794\n ],\n [\n -106.75827026367186,\n 36.530053615692154\n ],\n [\n -106.75827026367186,\n 36.54550108362575\n ],\n [\n -106.7438507080078,\n 36.5587393140189\n ],\n [\n -106.73149108886719,\n 36.56204851728765\n ],\n [\n -106.69647216796874,\n 36.55046568575947\n ],\n [\n -106.67037963867188,\n 36.52453591500483\n ],\n [\n -106.65184020996094,\n 36.493077506552744\n ],\n [\n -106.61544799804688,\n 36.436751611390264\n ],\n [\n -106.59141540527344,\n 36.40470491509095\n ],\n [\n -106.56326293945312,\n 36.366010258936925\n ],\n [\n -106.53648376464844,\n 36.32342390127617\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae236","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ridgley, Jennie L. ridgley@usgs.gov","contributorId":1248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ridgley","given":"Jennie","email":"ridgley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":264252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":60222,"text":"mf1851 - 1986 - Geophysical maps of the Winchester Roadless Area, Cochise County, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-26T14:55:21","indexId":"mf1851","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1851","title":"Geophysical maps of the Winchester Roadless Area, Cochise County, Arizona","docAbstract":"The Wilderness Act (Public Law 88-577, September 3, 1964) and related acts require the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Bureau of Mines to survey certain areas on Federal lands to determine their mineral resource potential. Results must be made available to the public and be submitted to the President and the Congress. This report presents the results of a geophysical survey of the Winchester Roadless Area in the Coronado National Forest, Cochise County, Arizona. The Winchester Roadless Area (03122) was classified as a further planning area during the Second Roadless Area Review and Evaluation (RARE II) by the U.S. Forest Service, January 1979.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf1851","usgsCitation":"Martin, R., 1986, Geophysical maps of the Winchester Roadless Area, Cochise County, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1851, 56.23 x 37.81 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1851.","productDescription":"56.23 x 37.81 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":357800,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1851/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":182615,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1851/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","county":"Cochise County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -110.16666666666667,32.333333333333336 ], [ -110.16666666666667,32.416666666666664 ], [ -110.08333333333333,32.416666666666664 ], [ -110.08333333333333,32.333333333333336 ], [ -110.16666666666667,32.333333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67b47b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martin, R.A.","contributorId":53379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":263343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":59513,"text":"mf1338B - 1986 - Geochemical survey of the Little Frog Roadless Area, Polk County, Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-25T09:56:47","indexId":"mf1338B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1338","chapter":"B","title":"Geochemical survey of the Little Frog Roadless Area, Polk County, Tennessee","docAbstract":"The Wilderness Act (Public Law 88-577, September 3, 1964) and related acts require the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Bureau of Mines to survey certain areas on Federal lands to determine the mineral values, if any, that may be present. Results must be made available to the public and be submitted to the President and the Congress. This report presents the results of a geochemical survey of the Little Frog Roadless Area (08-277) in the Cherokee National Forest, Polk County, Tenn. The area was classified as a further planning area during the Second Roadless Area Review and Evaluation (RARE II) by the U.S. Forest Service, January 1979.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf1338B","usgsCitation":"Force, E.R., and Siems, D.F., 1986, Geochemical survey of the Little Frog Roadless Area, Polk County, Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1338, 48.17 x 41.24 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1338B.","productDescription":"48.17 x 41.24 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":358785,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1338-B/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":184964,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1338-B/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"0","country":"United States","state":"Tennessee","county":"Polk County","otherGeospatial":"Little Frog Roadless Area","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -84.45083333333334,35.034166666666664 ], [ -84.45083333333334,35.083333333333336 ], [ -84.36749999999999,35.083333333333336 ], [ -84.36749999999999,35.034166666666664 ], [ -84.45083333333334,35.034166666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aefe4b07f02db691684","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Force, E. R.","contributorId":28235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Force","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":262143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Siems, D. F.","contributorId":101239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siems","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":262144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":59136,"text":"mf1616B - 1986 - Summary geochemical maps for samples of rock, stream sediment, and nonmagnetic heavy-mineral concentrate, Pyramid Roadless Area, El Dorado County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-22T10:10:16","indexId":"mf1616B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1616","chapter":"B","title":"Summary geochemical maps for samples of rock, stream sediment, and nonmagnetic heavy-mineral concentrate, Pyramid Roadless Area, El Dorado County, California","docAbstract":"The Wilderness Act (Public Law 88-577, September 3, 1964) and related acts require the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Bureau of Mines to survey certain areas on Federal lands to determine their mineral resource potential. Results must be made available to the public and be submitted to the President and the Congress. This report presents the results of a geochemical survey of the Pyramid Roadless Area (5203) in the Eldorado National Forest and Lake Tahoe Basin Management Unit, El Dorado County, California. This roadless area was classified as a further planning area during the Second Roadless Area Review and Evaluation (RARE II) by the U.S. Forest Service, January 1979.
\nThe Pyramid Roadless Area lies near the crest of the Sierra Nevada about 75 miles east of Sacramento, California. the area, which is adjacent to and almost encircles the Desolation Wilderness, encompasses approximately 31,400 acres in Eldorado National Forest and the Lake Tahoe Basin Management Unit in El Dorado County, California.
\nThe area is dominated by deep rugged canyons that run eastward from the Sierra Nevada crest to Lake Tahoe basin and westward toward the Sacramento Valley. Elevations range from about 5,500 feet along Big Silver Creek on the west side of the study area to 8,895 feet at Echo Peak along the southeastern side of the roadless area.
\nGeochemical sampling was conducted during 1982. This report summarizes the results of that investigation and provides details of the geochemical evaluation used in producing the final mineral resource assessment of the study area (Armstrong and others, 1983).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf1616B","usgsCitation":"Chaffee, M., 1986, Summary geochemical maps for samples of rock, stream sediment, and nonmagnetic heavy-mineral concentrate, Pyramid Roadless Area, El Dorado County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1616, 53.33 x 37.93 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1616B.","productDescription":"53.33 x 37.93 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":182992,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf1616B.PNG"},{"id":327192,"rank":1,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1616-B/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"62500","country":"United States","state":"California","county":"El Dorado County","otherGeospatial":"Eldorado National Forest, Lake Tahoe Basin Management Unit, Pyramid Roadless Area","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.5,38.75 ], [ -120.5,39 ], [ -120,39 ], [ -120,38.75 ], [ -120.5,38.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db69959f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chaffee, M.A.","contributorId":108049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chaffee","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":261491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":33356,"text":"b1713A - 1986 - Mineral resources of the Castle Peaks Wilderness Study Area, San Bernardino County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-09T13:30:04.246716","indexId":"b1713A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1713","chapter":"A","title":"Mineral resources of the Castle Peaks Wilderness Study Area, San Bernardino County, California","docAbstract":"The Castle Peaks Wilderness Study Area (CDCA266) comprises approximately 45,000 acres in the northern New York Mountains, San Bernardino County, California. At the request of the Bureau of Land Management, 39,303 acres of the wilderness study area were studied. The area was investigated during 1982-1985 using combined geologic, geochemical, and geophysical methods. are considered preliminarily suitable for wilderness deignation. There are no mineral reserves or identified resources in the study area. Fluorspar, occurring in sparse veins, has moderate resource potential, as do silver and lead in fault zones, and gold and silver in sparse, high-grade veins and fault breccia. Each area of moderate resource potential encompasses less than one square mile. These same commodities have low resource potential in similar occurrences throughout much of the study area. In addition, there is low resource potential for gold in placer deposits, uranium in altered breccia and gouge, and rare-earth elements in pegmatite dikes. There is no resource potential for oil and gas resources over most of the study area, but the potential is unknown along its western margin. In this report, the area studied is referred to\"the wilderness study area\", or simply \"the study area.\"
","largerWorkTitle":"Mineral resources of Wilderness Study Areas: Eastern California Desert Conservation Area","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b1713A","usgsCitation":"Miller, D., Frisken, J.G., Jachens, R.C., and Gese, D.D., 1986, Mineral resources of the Castle Peaks Wilderness Study Area, San Bernardino County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1713, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b1713A.","productDescription":"17 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":340330,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1713a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":164252,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1713a/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Bernardino","otherGeospatial":"Castle Peaks Wilderness Study Area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.224609375,\n 35.475769157259265\n ],\n [\n -115.32829284667967,\n 35.4550769336729\n ],\n [\n -115.34751892089845,\n 35.45172093634465\n ],\n [\n -115.37498474121092,\n 35.44053326772722\n ],\n [\n -115.38459777832031,\n 35.43102252677332\n ],\n [\n -115.38528442382812,\n 35.423189308372564\n ],\n [\n -115.31867980957031,\n 35.340894535882846\n ],\n [\n -115.3131866455078,\n 35.335853353844065\n ],\n [\n -115.30288696289062,\n 35.33697364369794\n ],\n [\n -115.28572082519533,\n 35.33473304845998\n ],\n [\n -115.26100158691406,\n 35.316245767635834\n ],\n [\n -115.25207519531249,\n 35.314004597852474\n ],\n [\n -115.23902893066408,\n 35.317926604216396\n ],\n [\n -115.22529602050781,\n 35.3072807158836\n ],\n [\n -115.22804260253906,\n 35.29775425972381\n ],\n [\n -115.23834228515626,\n 35.29383127531525\n ],\n [\n -115.24658203125,\n 35.288226682029574\n ],\n [\n -115.24864196777342,\n 35.278137436300966\n ],\n [\n -115.21156311035156,\n 35.24842291350237\n ],\n [\n -115.04127502441406,\n 35.331372039128475\n ],\n [\n -115.224609375,\n 35.475769157259265\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fae4b07f02db5f3d0e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, David M. 0000-0003-3711-0441 dmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3711-0441","contributorId":140769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"David M.","email":"dmiller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":210635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frisken, James G.","contributorId":76740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frisken","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":210638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jachens, Robert C. jachens@usgs.gov","contributorId":1180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jachens","given":"Robert","email":"jachens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":210637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gese, Diann D.","contributorId":68808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gese","given":"Diann","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":210636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70233968,"text":"70233968 - 1986 - Short-period strain (0.1–105 s): Near-source strain field for an earthquake (ML 3.2) near San Juan Bautista, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-28T14:08:19.543582","indexId":"70233968","displayToPublicDate":"1986-10-10T08:54:46","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Short-period strain (0.1–105 s): Near-source strain field for an earthquake (ML 3.2) near San Juan Bautista, California","title":"Short-period strain (0.1–105 s): Near-source strain field for an earthquake (ML 3.2) near San Juan Bautista, California","docAbstract":"Measurements of dilational earth strain in the frequency band 25–10−5 Hz have been made on a deep borehole strainmeter installed near the San Andreas fault. These data are used to determine seismic radiation fields during nuclear explosions, teleseisms, local earthquakes, and ground noise during seismically quiet times. Strains of less than 10−10 on these instruments can be clearly resolved at short periods (< 10 s) and are recorded with wide dynamic range digital recorders. This permits measurement of the static and dynamic strain variations in the near field of local earthquakes. Noise spectra for earth strain referenced to 1 (strain)2/Hz show that strain resolution decreases at about 10 dB per decade of frequency from −150 dB at 10−4 Hz to −223 dB at 10 Hz. Exact expressions are derived to relate the volumetric strain and displacement field for a homogeneous P wave in a general viscoelastic solid as observed on colocated dilatometers and seismometers. A rare near-field recording of strain and seismic velocity was obtained on May 26, 1984, from an earthquake (ML 3.2) at a hypocentral distance of 3.2 km near the San Andreas fault at San Juan Bautista, California. While the data indicate no precursory strain release at the 5 × 10−11 strain level, a coseismic strain release of 1.86 nanostrain was observed. This change in strain is consistent with that calculated from a simple dislocation model of the event. Ground displacement spectra, determined from the downhole strain data and instrument-corrected surface seismic data, suggest that source parameters estimated from surface recordings may be contaminated by amplification effects in near-surface low-velocity materials.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB091iB11p11497","usgsCitation":"Johnston, M., Borcherdt, R.D., and Linde, A.T., 1986, Short-period strain (0.1–105 s): Near-source strain field for an earthquake (ML 3.2) near San Juan Bautista, California: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 91, no. B11, p. 11497-11502, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB091iB11p11497.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"11497","endPage":"11502","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":404540,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"San Juan Bautista","otherGeospatial":"San Andreas fault","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.79855346679686,\n 36.70916449436405\n ],\n [\n -121.40579223632812,\n 36.70916449436405\n ],\n [\n -121.40579223632812,\n 36.99048777141413\n ],\n [\n -121.79855346679686,\n 36.99048777141413\n ],\n [\n -121.79855346679686,\n 36.70916449436405\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"91","issue":"B11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnston, M.J.S. 0000-0003-4326-8368","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4326-8368","contributorId":104889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"M.J.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":847759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Borcherdt, Roger D. 0000-0002-8668-0849 borcherdt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8668-0849","contributorId":2373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borcherdt","given":"Roger","email":"borcherdt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":847760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Linde, A. T.","contributorId":21700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linde","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":847761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70121260,"text":"70121260 - 1986 - Meeting the challenge of policy-relevant science: lessons from a water resource project","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-20T13:42:39","indexId":"70121260","displayToPublicDate":"1986-10-01T13:41:35","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Meeting the challenge of policy-relevant science: lessons from a water resource project","docAbstract":"Water resource scientists face complex tasks in evaluating aspects of water projects, but relatively few assessment procedures have been applied and accepted as standard applications. Decision-makers often rely on environmental assessments to evaluate the value and operation of projects. There is often confusion about scientists' role in policy decisions. The scientist can affect policy-making as an expert withess, an advocate or a surrogate. By understanding the policy process, scientists can make their work more “policy relevant.” Using the Terror Lake hydro project in Alaska as a guide, three lessons are discussed: (1) not all problems are able to be solved with technology; (2) policy-relevant technology is rarely imposed on a problem; and (3) the scientist need not just react to the policy process, but can have an impact on how that process unfolds.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","publisherLocation":"Herndon, VA","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1986.tb00755.x","usgsCitation":"Lamb, B., 1986, Meeting the challenge of policy-relevant science: lessons from a water resource project: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 22, no. 5, p. 811-815, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1986.tb00755.x.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"811","endPage":"815","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292659,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":292658,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1986.tb00755.x"}],"volume":"22","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f5b656e4b09d12e0e8e6fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lamb, Berton L.","contributorId":24009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamb","given":"Berton L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70210761,"text":"70210761 - 1986 - Glacial sequence near McCall, Idaho: Weathering rinds, soil development, morphology, and other relative-age criteria","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-24T13:39:37.696569","indexId":"70210761","displayToPublicDate":"1986-06-23T12:19:10","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Glacial sequence near McCall, Idaho: Weathering rinds, soil development, morphology, and other relative-age criteria","docAbstract":"The sequence of glacial deposits near McCall, Idaho, previously assigned to the Pinedale and Bull Lake glaciations, contains deposits of four different ages. These ages are defined by multiple relative-age criteria, including weathering rinds, soil development, surface-rock weathering, morainal morphology, and loess stratigraphy. The thickness of weathering rinds on basaltic clasts is statistically representative and reproducible and can be used to estimate numerical ages. Following in order of decreasing relation to age are soil development, surface-rock weathering, and moraine morphology. The glacial deposits near McCall appear to correspond to times of high worldwide ice volume indicated by the marine oxygen-isotope record. Pilgrim Cove and McCall deposits, both assigned to the Pinedale glaciation, are late Wisconsin in age, perhaps 14,000 and 20,000 years, respectively. They represent a rare case in which deposits of Pinedale age can be separated by relative-age data. Timber Ridge deposits, assigned to the Bull Lake glaciation, have subdued, but well-preserved morainal morphology; relative-age data indicate that they are pre-Wisconsin in age, probably about 140,000–150,000 years old, although we cannot exclude an older age. Williams Creek deposits are clearly distinct from, and intermediate in age between, McCall and Timber Ridge deposits. Weathering rinds and the inferred ages of the other deposits suggest an early Wisconsin age for Williams Creek deposits.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1016/0033-5894(86)90041-4","usgsCitation":"Colman, S., and Pierce, K.L., 1986, Glacial sequence near McCall, Idaho: Weathering rinds, soil development, morphology, and other relative-age criteria: Quaternary Research, v. 25, no. 1, p. 25-42, https://doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(86)90041-4.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"25","endPage":"42","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":375822,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","county":"Valley 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planets","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-10T11:35:52","indexId":"70168493","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1437,"text":"Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volcanoes and atmospheres; catastrophic influences on the planets","docAbstract":"For a rare and brief instant in geologic time, we can imagine that the sulfurous, chromatic surface of Io (one of the satellites of Jupiter) lies quiet. Perhaps stars glisten brilliantly through the tenuous nigh sky. Here and there, thick icy fogs enshroud fumaroles where sulfur dioxide leaks from the underworld. Suddenly, a fissure splits the surface and billowing clouds of sulfurous gases and ice hurl orange and black ash into the atmosphere. Minute by minute, the intensity of the eruption builds; stars begin disappearing from the night sky. The rising plume inhales the nearby atmosphere, mixing it with the exhalations from the volcano. Particles of sulfur, sulfur dioxide snow and ash rise to 300 kilometers, later raining down across the planet a thousand kilometers away.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Kieffer, S.W., 1986, Volcanoes and atmospheres; catastrophic influences on the planets: Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS), v. 18, no. 2, p. 76-83.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"76","endPage":"83","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":318091,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56c4565ce4b0946c652185f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kieffer, S. W.","contributorId":19186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kieffer","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":620614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}