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Contact Pubs Warehouse

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This report presents 27 storage assessment units (SAUs) within the United States (U.S.) Gulf Coast. The U.S. Gulf Coast contains a regionally extensive, thick succession of clastics, carbonates, salts, and other evaporites that were deposited in a highly cyclic depositional environment that was subjected to a fluctuating siliciclastic sediment supply and transgressive and regressive sea levels. At least nine major depositional packages contain porous strata that are potentially suitable for geologic carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration within the region. For each SAU identified within these packages, the areal distribution of porous rock that is suitable for geologic CO2 sequestration is discussed, along with a description of the geologic characteristics that influence the potential CO2 storage volume and reservoir performance. These characteristics include reservoir depth, gross thickness, net-porous thickness, porosity, permeability, and groundwater salinity. Additionally, a characterization of the overlying regional seal for each SAU is presented. On a case-by-case basis, strategies for estimating the pore volume existing within structurally and (or) stratigraphically closed traps are also presented. Geologic information presented in this report has been employed to calculate potential storage capacities for CO2 sequestration in the SAUs that are assessed herein, although complete assessment results are not contained in this report.

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Tropical and subtropical peatlands are considered a significant carbon sink. The Florida Everglades includes 6000-km2 of peat-accumulating wetland; however, detailed carbon dynamics from different environments within the Everglades have not been extensively studied or compared. Here we present carbon accumulation rates from 13 cores and 4 different environments, including sawgrass ridges and sloughs, tree islands, and marl prairies, whose hydroperiods and vegetation communities differ. We find that the lowest rates of C accumulation occur in sloughs in the southern Everglades. The highest rates are found where hydroperiods are generally shorter, including near-tails of tree islands and drier ridges. Long-term average rates of 100 to >200 g C m−2 yr−1 are as high, and in some cases, higher than rates recorded from the tropics and 10–20 times higher than boreal averages. C accumulation rates were impacted by both the Medieval Climate Anomaly and the Little Ice Age, but the largest impacts to C accumulation rates over the Holocene record have been the anthropogenic changes associated with expansion of agriculture and construction of canals and levees to control movement of surface water. Water management practices in the 20th century have altered the natural hydroperiods and fire regimes of the Everglades. The Florida Everglades as a whole has acted as a significant carbon sink over the mid- to late-Holocene, but reduction of the spatial extent of the original wetland area, as well as the alteration of natural hydrology in the late 19th and 20th centuries, have significantly reduced the carbon sink capacity of this subtropical wetland.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.02.010","usgsCitation":"Jones, M.C., Bernhardt, C.E., and Willard, D.A., 2014, Late Holocene vegetation, climate, and land-use impacts on carbon dynamics in the Florida Everglades: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 90, p. 90-105, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.02.010.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"90","endPage":"105","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053289","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308320,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.0943368389809,\n 25.087571683298293\n ],\n [\n -80.7268386805381,\n 25.02642462707145\n ],\n [\n -80.53933962010848,\n 25.029822485930083\n ],\n [\n -80.44559008989326,\n 25.016230486056457\n ],\n [\n -80.1643414992484,\n 25.440266192853315\n ],\n [\n -80.17184146166566,\n 25.58917370312868\n ],\n [\n -80.56933946977713,\n 25.399623031078093\n ],\n [\n -80.50933977043941,\n 25.59593783416375\n ],\n [\n -80.47183995835347,\n 25.677077550112145\n ],\n [\n -80.44184010868483,\n 25.808811787918998\n ],\n [\n -80.4268401838503,\n 26.088681564064487\n ],\n [\n -80.32559069121822,\n 26.115621760313346\n ],\n [\n -80.28434089792343,\n 26.196405080441124\n ],\n [\n -80.28434089792343,\n 26.324197432761437\n ],\n [\n -80.21684123616888,\n 26.327558489255296\n ],\n [\n -80.2093412737516,\n 26.60283232560471\n ],\n [\n -80.09309185628499,\n 27.027865180596862\n ],\n [\n -80.11934172474521,\n 27.10133056874082\n ],\n [\n -80.31809072880094,\n 27.031205560276817\n ],\n [\n -80.69683883086944,\n 26.80048672774501\n ],\n [\n -80.6668389812008,\n 26.746919439357086\n ],\n [\n -80.7268386805381,\n 26.673223193776607\n ],\n [\n -80.91058775975972,\n 26.723475808169553\n ],\n [\n -80.90683777855085,\n 26.478704924579233\n ],\n [\n -80.99683732755723,\n 26.478704924579233\n ],\n [\n -80.99683732755723,\n 26.270407267820005\n ],\n [\n -81.37183544841733,\n 26.277132402931883\n ],\n [\n -81.39433533566871,\n 26.23341206167862\n ],\n [\n -81.61183424576784,\n 26.223320415900375\n ],\n [\n -81.8180832122404,\n 26.085313603228755\n ],\n [\n -81.73933360686016,\n 25.8864326566259\n ],\n [\n -81.5968343209333,\n 25.73451812105688\n ],\n [\n -81.35308554237437,\n 25.697353857960323\n ],\n [\n -81.17683642557003,\n 25.38607226656724\n ],\n [\n -81.19933631282183,\n 25.209774132927706\n ],\n [\n -81.0943368389809,\n 25.087571683298293\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"90","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56012a71e4b03bc34f544411","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Miriam C. 0000-0002-6650-7619 miriamjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6650-7619","contributorId":4056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Miriam","email":"miriamjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":571932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bernhardt, Christopher E. 0000-0003-0082-4731 cbernhardt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0082-4731","contributorId":2131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernhardt","given":"Christopher","email":"cbernhardt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":571933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Willard, Debra A. 0000-0003-4878-0942 dwillard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4878-0942","contributorId":2076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willard","given":"Debra","email":"dwillard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24693,"text":"Climate Research and Development","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":571934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70100253,"text":"ds831 - 2014 - Flow monitoring along the western Tamiami Trail between County Road 92 and State Road 29 in support of the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan, 2007-2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-14T14:59:09","indexId":"ds831","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-14T14:42:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"831","title":"Flow monitoring along the western Tamiami Trail between County Road 92 and State Road 29 in support of the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan, 2007-2010","docAbstract":"

The construction of U.S. Highway 41 (Tamiami Trail), the Southern Golden Gate Estates development, and the Barron River Canal has altered the flow of freshwater to the Ten Thousand Islands estuary of Southwest Florida. Two restoration projects, the Picayune Strand Restoration Project and the Tamiami Trail Culverts Project, both associated with the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan, were initiated to address this issue. Quantifying the flow of freshwater to the estuary is essential to assessing the effectiveness of these projects.

\n
\n

The U.S. Geological Survey conducted a study between March 2006 and September 2010 to quantify the freshwater flowing under theTamiami Trail between County Road 92 and State Road 29 in southwest Florida, excluding the Faka Union Canal (which is monitored by South Florida Water Management District). The study period was after the completion of the Tamiami Trail Culverts Project and prior to most of the construction related to the Picayune Restoration Project. The section of the Tamiami Trail that was studied contains too many structures (35 bridges and 16 culverts) to cost-effectively measure each structure on a continuous basis, so the area was divided into seven subbasins. One bridge within each of the subbasins was instrumented with an acoustic Doppler velocity meter. The index velocity method was used to compute discharge at the seven instrumented bridges. Periodic discharge measurements were made at all structures, using acoustic Doppler current profilers at bridges and acoustic Doppler velocity meters at culverts. Continuous daily mean values of discharge for the uninstrumented structures were calculated on the basis of relations between the measured discharge at the uninstrumented stations and the discharge and stage at the instrumented bridge. Estimates of daily mean discharge are available beginning in 2006 or 2007 through September 2010 for all structures. Subbasin comparison is limited to water years 2008–2010.

\n
\n

The Faka Union Canal contributed more than half (on average 60 percent) of the flow under the Tamiami Trail between State Road 29 and County Road 92 during water years 2008–2010. During water years 2008–2010, an average 9 percent of the flow through the study area came from west of the Faka Union Canal and an average 31 percent came from east of the Faka Union Canal. Flow data provided by this study serve as baseline information about the seasonal and spatial distribution of freshwater flow under the Tamiami Trail between County Road 92 and State Road 29, and study results provide data to evaluate restoration efforts.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds831","issn":"2327-638X","collaboration":"Prepared as part of the Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystems Science initiative and in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Booth, A., Soderqvist, L.E., and Berry, M.C., 2014, Flow monitoring along the western Tamiami Trail between County Road 92 and State Road 29 in support of the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan, 2007-2010: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 831, Report: v, 24 p.; 3 Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds831.","productDescription":"Report: v, 24 p.; 3 Appendixes","numberOfPages":"34","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2007-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-052058","costCenters":[{"id":285,"text":"Florida Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286341,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds831.jpg"},{"id":286337,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0831/pdf/ds831.pdf"},{"id":286338,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0831/appendix/ds831_app1.xlsx"},{"id":286339,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0831/appendix/ds831_app2.xlsx"},{"id":286340,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0831/appendix/ds831_app3.xlsx"},{"id":286336,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0831/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Tamiami Trail","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81.906857,25.831031 ], [ -81.906857,26.413366 ], [ -81.449066,26.413366 ], [ -81.449066,25.831031 ], [ -81.906857,25.831031 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5351703ce4b05569d805a208","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Booth, Amanda 0000-0002-2666-2366 acbooth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2666-2366","contributorId":5432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Booth","given":"Amanda","email":"acbooth@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Soderqvist, Lars E.","contributorId":92358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soderqvist","given":"Lars","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Berry, Marcia C. mcberry@usgs.gov","contributorId":5521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"Marcia","email":"mcberry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":492125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70101265,"text":"gip156 - 2014 - Coastal storm monitoring in Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-14T13:19:00","indexId":"gip156","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-14T13:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":315,"text":"General Information Product","code":"GIP","onlineIssn":"2332-354X","printIssn":"2332-3531","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"156","title":"Coastal storm monitoring in Virginia","docAbstract":"

Coastal communities in Virginia are prone to flooding, particularly during hurricanes, nor’easters, and other coastal low-pressure systems. These weather systems affect public safety, personal and public property, and valuable infrastructure, such as transportation, water and sewer, and electric-supply networks.

\n
\n

Local emergency managers, utility operators, and the public are tasked with making difficult decisions regarding evacuations, road closures, and post-storm recovery efforts as a result of coastal flooding. In coastal Virginia these decisions often are made on the basis of anecdotal knowledge from past events or predictions based on data from monitoring sites located far away from the affected area that may not reflect local conditions.

\n
\n

Preventing flood hazards, such as hurricane-induced storm surge, from becoming human disasters requires an understanding of the relative risks that flooding poses to specific communities. The risk to life and property can be very high if decisions about evacuations and road closures are made too late or not at all.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/gip156","issn":"2332-354X","usgsCitation":"Wicklein, S., and Bennett, M., 2014, Coastal storm monitoring in Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey General Information Product 156, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/gip156.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051451","costCenters":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286321,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/gip156.jpg"},{"id":286319,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/0156/"},{"id":286320,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/0156/pdf/gip156.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -77.5231,36.5408 ], [ -77.5231,39.466 ], [ -75.2422,39.466 ], [ -75.2422,36.5408 ], [ -77.5231,36.5408 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5351702ee4b05569d805a19c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wicklein, Shaun 0000-0003-4551-1237 smwickle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4551-1237","contributorId":3389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wicklein","given":"Shaun","email":"smwickle@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37280,"text":"Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center ","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bennett, Mark mrbennet@usgs.gov","contributorId":2147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"Mark","email":"mrbennet@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":492646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70095525,"text":"ofr20121024G - 2014 - Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources: Denver Basin, Colorado, Wyoming, and Nebraska","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70095525,"text":"ofr20121024G - 2014 - Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources: Denver Basin, Colorado, Wyoming, and Nebraska","indexId":"ofr20121024G","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"chapter":"G","title":"Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources: Denver Basin, Colorado, Wyoming, and Nebraska"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70093199,"text":"ofr20121024 - 2012 - Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources","indexId":"ofr20121024","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70093199,"text":"ofr20121024 - 2012 - Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources","indexId":"ofr20121024","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-09T20:59:27.369307","indexId":"ofr20121024G","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-07T13:39:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1024","chapter":"G","title":"Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources: Denver Basin, Colorado, Wyoming, and Nebraska","docAbstract":"

This is a report about the geologic characteristics of five storage assessment units (SAUs) within the Denver Basin of Colorado, Wyoming, and Nebraska. These SAUs are Cretaceous in age and include (1) the Plainview and Lytle Formations, (2) the Muddy Sandstone, (3) the Greenhorn Limestone, (4) the Niobrara Formation and Codell Sandstone, and (5) the Terry and Hygiene Sandstone Members. The described characteristics, as specified in the methodology, affect the potential carbon dioxide storage resource in the SAUs. The specific geologic and petrophysical properties of interest include depth to the top of the storage formation, average thickness, net-porous thickness, porosity, permeability, groundwater quality, and the area of structural reservoir traps. Descriptions of the SAU boundaries and the overlying sealing units are also included. Assessment results are not contained in this report; however, the geologic information included here will be used to calculate a statistical Monte Carlo-based distribution of potential storage volume in the SAUs.

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Using an extensive database of at-sea survey data spanning over 30 years, we developed a standardized and data-driven spatial method for identifying globally significant marine Important Bird Areas in Alaska. To delineate these areas we developed a six-step process: binning data and accounting for unequal survey effort, filtering input data for persistence of species use, using a moving window analysis to produce maps representing a gradient from low to high abundance, drawing core area boundaries around major concentrations based on abundance thresholds, validating the results, and combining overlapping boundaries into important areas for multiple species. We identified 126 bird core areas which were merged into 59 pelagic sites important to 45 out of 57 species assessed. The final areas included approximately 34–38% of all marine birds in Alaska waters, within just 6% of the total area. We identified globally significant Important Bird Areas spanning 20 degrees of latitude and 56 degrees of longitude, in two different oceans, with climates ranging from temperate to polar. Although our maps did suffer from some data gaps, these gaps did not preclude us from identifying sites that incorporated 13% of the assessed continental waterbird population and 9% of the assessed global seabird population. The application of this technique over a large and productive region worked well for a wide range of birds, exhibiting a variety of foraging strategies and occupying a variety of ecosystem types.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2014.02.039","usgsCitation":"Smith, M.A., Walker, N.J., Free, C.M., Kirchhoff, M.J., Drew, G.S., Warnock, N., and Stenhouse, I.J., 2014, Identifying marine Important Bird Areas using at-sea survey data: Biological Conservation, v. 172, p. 180-189, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2014.02.039.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"180","endPage":"189","numberOfPages":"10","ipdsId":"IP-051043","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":285755,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":285754,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2014.02.039"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Beaufort Sea;Chukchi Sea;East Bering Sea;Gulf Of Alaska;West Bering Sea","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 130.5,47.9 ], [ 130.5,74.7 ], [ -167.6,74.7 ], [ -167.6,47.9 ], [ 130.5,47.9 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"172","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5351704ee4b05569d805a2db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Melanie A.","contributorId":31305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Melanie","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walker, Nathan J.","contributorId":90210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"Nathan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Free, Christopher M.","contributorId":40895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Free","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kirchhoff, Matthew J.","contributorId":31306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirchhoff","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Drew, Gary S. 0000-0002-6789-0891 gdrew@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6789-0891","contributorId":3311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drew","given":"Gary","email":"gdrew@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Warnock, Nils","contributorId":64534,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Warnock","given":"Nils","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stenhouse, Iain J.","contributorId":23434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stenhouse","given":"Iain","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70099604,"text":"sir20145050 - 2014 - Groundwater availability in the Crouch Branch and McQueen Branch aquifers, Chesterfield County, South Carolina, 1900-2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-10T10:56:07.508306","indexId":"sir20145050","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-04T12:36:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5050","title":"Groundwater availability in the Crouch Branch and McQueen Branch aquifers, Chesterfield County, South Carolina, 1900-2012","docAbstract":"

Chesterfield County is located in the northeastern part of South Carolina along the southern border of North Carolina and is primarily underlain by unconsolidated sediments of Late Cretaceous age and younger of the Atlantic Coastal Plain. Approximately 20 percent of Chesterfield County is in the Piedmont Physiographic Province, and this area of the county is not included in this study. These Atlantic Coastal Plain sediments compose two productive aquifers: the Crouch Branch aquifer that is present at land surface across most of the county and the deeper, semi-confined McQueen Branch aquifer. Most of the potable water supplied to residents of Chesterfield County is produced from the Crouch Branch and McQueen Branch aquifers by a well field located near McBee, South Carolina, in the southwestern part of the county. Overall, groundwater availability is good to very good in most of Chesterfield County, especially the area around and to the south of McBee, South Carolina. The eastern part of Chesterfield County does not have as abundant groundwater resources but resources are generally adequate for domestic purposes.

\n
\n

The primary purpose of this study was to determine groundwater-flow rates, flow directions, and changes in water budgets over time for the Crouch Branch and McQueen Branch aquifers in the Chesterfield County area. This goal was accomplished by using the U.S. Geological Survey finite-difference MODFLOW groundwater-flow code to construct and calibrate a groundwater-flow model of the Atlantic Coastal Plain of Chesterfield County. The model was created with a uniform grid size of 300 by 300 feet to facilitate a more accurate simulation of groundwater-surface-water interactions. The model consists of 617 rows from north to south extending about 35 miles and 884 columns from west to east extending about 50 miles, yielding a total area of about 1,750 square miles. However, the active part of the modeled area, or the part where groundwater flow is simulated, totaled about 1,117 square miles.

\n
\n

Major types of data used as input to the model included groundwater levels, groundwater-use data, and hydrostratigraphic data, along with estimates and measurements of stream base flows made specifically for this study. The groundwater-flow model was calibrated to groundwater-level and stream base-flow conditions from 1900 to 2012 using 39 stress periods. The model was calibrated with an automated parameter-estimation approach using the computer program PEST, and the model used regularized inversion and pilot points. The groundwater-flow model was calibrated using field data that included groundwater levels that had been collected between 1940 and 2012 from 239 wells and base-flow measurements from 44 locations distributed within the study area. To better understand recharge and inter-aquifer interactions, seven wells were equipped with continuous groundwater-level recording equipment during the course of the study, between 2008 and 2012. These water levels were included in the model calibration process. The observed groundwater levels were compared to the simulated ones, and acceptable calibration fits were achieved. Root mean square error for the simulated groundwater levels compared to all observed groundwater levels was 9.3 feet for the Crouch Branch aquifer and 8.6 feet for the McQueen Branch aquifer.

\n
\n

The calibrated groundwater-flow model was then used to calculate groundwater budgets for the entire study area and for two sub-areas. The sub-areas are the Alligator Rural Water and Sewer Company well field near McBee, South Carolina, and the Carolina Sandhills National Wildlife Refuge acquisition boundary area. For the overall model area, recharge rates vary from 56 to 1,679 million gallons per day (Mgal/d) with a mean of 737 Mgal/d over the simulation period (1900–2012). The simulated water budget for the streams and rivers varies from 653 to 1,127 Mgal/d with a mean of 944 Mgal/d. The simulated “storage-in term” ranges from 0 to 565 Mgal/d with a mean of 276 Mgal/d. The simulated “storage-out term” has a range of 0 to 552 Mgal/d with a mean of 77 Mgal/d. Groundwater budgets for the McBee, South Carolina, area and the Carolina Sandhills National Wildlife Refuge acquisition area had similar results.

\n
\n

An analysis of the effects of past and current groundwater withdrawals on base flows in the McBee area indicated a negligible effect of pumping from the Alligator Rural Water and Sewer well field on local stream base flows. Simulate base flows for 2012 for selected streams in and around the McBee area were similar with and without simulated groundwater withdrawals from the well field. Removing all pumping from the model for the entire simulation period (1900–2012) produces a negligible difference in increased base flow for the selected streams. The 2012 flow for Lower Alligator Creek was 5.04 Mgal/d with the wells pumping and 5.08 Mgal/d without the wells pumping; this represents the largest difference in simulated flows for the six streams.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145050","issn":"2328-0328","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Campbell, B.G., and Landmeyer, J., 2014, Groundwater availability in the Crouch Branch and McQueen Branch aquifers, Chesterfield County, South Carolina, 1900-2012: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5050, Report: viii, 68 p.; 2 Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145050.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 68 p.; 2 Tables","numberOfPages":"80","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"1900-01-01","temporalEnd":"2012-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-052468","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":285712,"rank":5,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145050.jpg"},{"id":285708,"rank":4,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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Bruce G. 0000-0003-4800-6674 bcampbel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4800-6674","contributorId":995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Bruce","email":"bcampbel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Landmeyer, James 0000-0002-5640-3816 jlandmey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5640-3816","contributorId":3257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landmeyer","given":"James","email":"jlandmey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70100635,"text":"70100635 - 2014 - Mercury in the soil of two contrasting watersheds in the eastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-26T09:37:18","indexId":"70100635","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-03T15:02:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury in the soil of two contrasting watersheds in the eastern United States","docAbstract":"Soil represents the largest store of mercury (Hg) in terrestrial ecosystems, and further study of the factors associated with soil Hg storage is needed to address concerns about the magnitude and persistence of global environmental Hg bioaccumulation. To address this need, we compared total Hg and methyl Hg concentrations and stores in the soil of different landscapes in two watersheds in different geographic settings with similar and relatively high methyl Hg concentrations in surface waters and biota, Fishing Brook, Adirondack Mountains, New York, and McTier Creek, Coastal Plain, South Carolina. Median total Hg concentrations and stores in organic and mineral soil samples were three-fold greater at Fishing Brook than at McTier Creek. Similarly, median methyl Hg concentrations were about two-fold greater in Fishing Brook soil than in McTier Creek soil, but this difference was significant only for mineral soil samples, and methyl Hg stores were not significantly different among these watersheds. In contrast, the methyl Hg/total Hg ratio was significantly greater at McTier Creek suggesting greater climate-driven methylation efficiency in the Coastal Plain soil than that of the Adirondack Mountains. The Adirondack soil had eight-fold greater soil organic matter than that of the Coastal Plain, consistent with greater total Hg stores in the northern soil, but soil organic matter – total Hg relations differed among the sites. A strong linear relation was evident at McTier Creek (r2 = 0.68; p<0.001), but a linear relation at Fishing Brook was weak (r2 = 0.13; p<0.001) and highly variable across the soil organic matter content range, suggesting excess Hg binding capacity in the Adirondack soil. These results suggest greater total Hg turnover time in Adirondack soil than that of the Coastal Plain, and that future declines in stream water Hg concentrations driven by declines in atmospheric Hg deposition will be more gradual and prolonged in the Adirondacks.","language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","publisherLocation":"San Francisco, CA","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0086855","usgsCitation":"Burns, D.A., Woodruff, L.G., Bradley, P.M., and Cannon, W.F., 2014, Mercury in the soil of two contrasting watersheds in the eastern United States: PLoS ONE, v. 9, no. 2, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0086855.","productDescription":"15 p.","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-040278","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473066,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0086855","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":285648,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":285555,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0086855"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York;South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Adirondack Mountains;Fishing Brook;Mctier Creek","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -83.63,31.05 ], [ -83.63,47.04 ], [ -71.24,47.04 ], [ -71.24,31.05 ], [ -83.63,31.05 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"9","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-02-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517054e4b05569d805a328","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burns, Douglas A. 0000-0001-6516-2869 daburns@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6516-2869","contributorId":1237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Douglas","email":"daburns@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Woodruff, Laurel G. 0000-0002-2514-9923 woodruff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2514-9923","contributorId":2224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodruff","given":"Laurel","email":"woodruff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bradley, Paul M. 0000-0001-7522-8606 pbradley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Paul","email":"pbradley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cannon, William F. 0000-0002-2699-8118 wcannon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2699-8118","contributorId":1883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"William","email":"wcannon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70094688,"text":"sir20145024 - 2014 - Delineation of brine contamination in and near the East Poplar oil field, Fort Peck Indian Reservation, northeastern Montana, 2004-09","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-02T10:46:06","indexId":"sir20145024","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-02T09:06:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5024","title":"Delineation of brine contamination in and near the East Poplar oil field, Fort Peck Indian Reservation, northeastern Montana, 2004-09","docAbstract":"

The extent of brine contamination in the shallow aquifers in and near the East Poplar oil field is as much as 17.9 square miles and appears to be present throughout the entire saturated zone in contaminated areas. The brine contamination affects 15–37 billion gallons of groundwater. Brine contamination in the shallow aquifers east of the Poplar River generally moves to the southwest toward the river and then southward in the Poplar River valley. The likely source of brine contamination in the shallow aquifers is brine that is produced with crude oil in the East Poplar oil field study area. Brine contamination has not only affected the water quality from privately owned wells in and near the East Poplar oil field, but also the city of Poplar’s public water-supply wells.

\n
\n

Three water-quality types characterize water in the shallow aquifers; a fourth water-quality type in the study area characterizes the brine. Type 1 is uncontaminated water that is suitable for most domestic purposes and typically contains sodium bicarbonate and sodium/magnesium sulfate as the dominant ions. Type 2 is moderately contaminated water that is suitable for some domestic purposes, but not used for drinking water, and typically contains sodium and chloride as the dominant ions. Type 3 is considerably contaminated water that is unsuitable for any domestic purpose and always contains sodium and chloride as the dominant ions. Type 3 quality of water in the shallow aquifers is similar to Type 4, which is the brine that is produced with crude oil.

\n
\n

Electromagnetic apparent conductivity data were collected in the 106 square-mile area and used to determine extent of brine contamination. These data were collected and interpreted in conjunction with water-quality data collected through 2009 to delineate brine plumes in the shallow aquifers. Monitoring wells subsequently were drilled in some areas without existing water wells to confirm most of the delineated brine plumes; however, several possible plumes do not contain either existing water wells or monitoring wells. Analysis of groundwater samples from wells confirms the presence of 12.1 square miles of contamination, as much as 1.7 square miles of which is considerably contaminated (Type 3). Electromagnetic apparent conductivity data in areas with no wells delineate an additional 5.8 square miles of possible contamination, 2.1 square miles of which might be considerably contaminated (Type 3). Storage-tank facilities, oil wells, brine-injection wells, pipelines, and pits are likely sources of brine in the study area. It is not possible to identify discrete oil-related features as likely sources of brine plumes because several features commonly are co-located. During the latter half of the twentieth century, many brine plumes migrated beyond the immediate source area and likely mix together in modern and ancestral Poplar River valley subareas.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145024","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Fort Peck Tribes Office of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Thamke, J., and Smith, B.D., 2014, Delineation of brine contamination in and near the East Poplar oil field, Fort Peck Indian Reservation, northeastern Montana, 2004-09: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5024, Report: viii, 40 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145024.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 40 p.; Appendix","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-009092","costCenters":[{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":285271,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145024.jpg"},{"id":285268,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5024/pdf/sir2014-5024.pdf"},{"id":285269,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5024/"},{"id":285270,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5024/appendix"}],"datum":"NAD 27","country":"United States","state":"Montana","city":"Fort Peck","otherGeospatial":"Fort Peck Indian Reservation","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.0,48.0 ], [ -107.0,49.0 ], [ -105.0,49.0 ], [ -105.0,48.0 ], [ -107.0,48.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517032e4b05569d805a1b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thamke, Joanna N. 0000-0002-6917-1946 jothamke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6917-1946","contributorId":1012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thamke","given":"Joanna N.","email":"jothamke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Bruce D. 0000-0002-1643-2997 bsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1643-2997","contributorId":845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Bruce","email":"bsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70074259,"text":"sir20145010 - 2014 - Equations for estimating selected streamflow statistics in Rhode Island","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-19T16:45:20","indexId":"sir20145010","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-01T13:28:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5010","title":"Equations for estimating selected streamflow statistics in Rhode Island","docAbstract":"

Regional regression equations were developed for estimating selected natural—unaffected by alteration—streamflows of specific flow durations and low-flow frequency statistics for ungaged stream sites in Rhode Island. Selected at-site streamflow statistics are provided for 41 long-term streamgages, 21 short-term streamgages, and 135 partial-record stations in Rhode Island, eastern Connecticut, and southeastern and south-central Massachusetts. The regression equations for estimating selected streamflow statistics and the at-site statistics estimated for each of the 197 sites may be used by Federal, State, and local water managers in addressing water issues in and near Rhode Island.

\n

Multiple and simple linear regression equations were developed to estimate the 99-, 98-, 95-, 90-, 85-, 80-, 75-, 70-, 60-, 50-, 40-, 30-, 25-, 20-, 15-, 10-, 5-, 2-, and 1-percent flow durations and the 7Q2 (7-day, 2-year) and 7Q10 (7-day, 10-year) low-flow-frequency statistics. An additional 49 selected statistics, for which regression equations were not developed, also were estimated for the long- and short-term streamgages and partial-record stations for flow durations between the 99.99 and 0.01 percent and for the mean annual, mean monthly, and median monthly streamflows. A total of 70 selected streamflow statistics were estimated for 41 long-term streamgages, 21 short-term streamgages, and 135 partial-record stations in and near Rhode Island. Estimates of the long-term streamflow statistics for the 21 short-term streamgages and 135 partial-record stations were developed by the Maintenance of Variance Extension, type 1 (MOVE.1), record-extension technique.

\n

The equations used to estimate selected streamflow statistics were developed by relating the 19 flow-duration and 2 low-flow-frequency statistics to 31 different basin characteristics (physical, land-cover, and climatic) at the 41 long-term and 19 of 21 short-term streamgages (a total of 60 streamgages) in and near Rhode Island. The 135 partial-record stations were not used in the regression analyses. The regression analyses were done by using a user-weighted least-squares technique in the weighted-multiple-linear regression program for the 90- to 1-percent flow-duration statistics. For the 99-, 98-, and 95-percent flow durations and the 7Q2 and 7Q10 statistics, left-censored regression analyses were used to account for zero flows at a few streamgages. The regression analyses determined that two basin characteristics—drainage area and stream density—were the only significant explanatory variables for 16 of the 19 flow-duration and the 2 low-flow regression equations. For the 10-, 15-, and 20-percent flow-duration regression equations, drainage area was the only significant explanatory variable. The standard error of the estimate for the 21 regression equations ranged from 17.58 to 141.83 percent. The 99- to 85-percent flow durations and the low-flow statistics 7Q2 and 7Q10 had the highest standard errors of the estimate, ranging from 48.68 to 141.83 percent. The standard error of the estimate for the medium- to high-flow statistics—the 80- to 1-percent flow durations—ranged from 17.58 to 37.65 percent, with the standard errors for the 60- to 1-percent flow durations all being less than about 21 percent. Data also are provided to allow the user to calculate the 90-percent prediction intervals for the 21 streamflow statistics.

\n

The equations, which are based on data from streams with little to no flow alterations, will provide an estimate of the natural flows for a selected site. They will not estimate flows for altered sites with dams, surface-water withdrawals, groundwater withdrawals (pumping wells), diversions, and wastewater discharges. If the equations are used to estimate streamflow statistics for altered sites, the user should adjust the flow estimates for the alterations. The regression equations should be used only for ungaged sites with drainage areas between 0.52 and 294 square miles and stream densities between 0.94 and 3.49 miles per square mile; these are the ranges of the explanatory variables in the equations.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145010","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Rhode Island Water Resources Board","usgsCitation":"Bent, G.C., Steeves, P.A., and Waite, A.M., 2014, Equations for estimating selected streamflow statistics in Rhode Island: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5010, Report: viii, 65 p.; Tables: 5 Excel files, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145010.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 65 p.; Tables: 5 Excel files","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-046041","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":285231,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145010.jpg"},{"id":285224,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5010/pdf/sir2014-5010.pdf","text":"Report","size":"13 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profiles derived from airborne lidar-based high resolution digital elevation models in south Louisiana","docAbstract":"

This study explores the feasibility of using airborne lidar surveys to construct high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) and develop an automated procedure to extract levee longitudinal elevation profiles for both federal levees in Atchafalaya Basin and local levees in Lafourche Parish, south Lousiana. This approach can successfully accommodate a high degree of levee sinuosity and abrupt changes in levee orientation (direction) in planar coordinates, variations in levee geometries, and differing DEM resolutions. The federal levees investigated in Atchafalaya Basin have crest elevations between 5.3 and 12 m while the local counterparts in Lafourche Parish are between 0.76 and 2.3 m. The vertical uncertainty in the elevation data is considered when assessing federal crest elevation against the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers minimum height requirements to withstand the 100-year flood. Only approximately 5% of the crest points of the two federal levees investigated in the Atchafalaya Basin region met this requirement.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2014.02.010","usgsCitation":"Palaseanu-Lovejoy, M., Thatcher, C., and Barras, J., 2014, Levee crest elevation profiles derived from airborne lidar-based high resolution digital elevation models in south Louisiana: ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, v. 91, p. 114-126, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2014.02.010.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"114","endPage":"126","ipdsId":"IP-046351","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286191,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94.0434,28.9254 ], [ -94.0434,33.0195 ], [ -88.8162,33.0195 ], [ -88.8162,28.9254 ], [ -94.0434,28.9254 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"91","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517052e4b05569d805a305","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Palaseanu-Lovejoy, Monica 0000-0002-3786-5118 mpal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3786-5118","contributorId":3639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palaseanu-Lovejoy","given":"Monica","email":"mpal@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thatcher, Cindy A.","contributorId":79604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thatcher","given":"Cindy A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barras, John A. jbarras@usgs.gov","contributorId":2425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barras","given":"John A.","email":"jbarras@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":492652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70100421,"text":"70100421 - 2014 - A 17-year record of environmental tracers in spring discharge, Shenandoah National Park, Virginia, USA: use of climatic data and environmental conditions to interpret discharge, dissolved solutes, and tracer concentrations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T15:11:32","indexId":"70100421","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-01T11:08:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":866,"text":"Aquatic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A 17-year record of environmental tracers in spring discharge, Shenandoah National Park, Virginia, USA: use of climatic data and environmental conditions to interpret discharge, dissolved solutes, and tracer concentrations","docAbstract":"A 17-year record (1995–2012) of a suite of environmental tracer concentrations in discharge from 34 springs located along the crest of the Blue Ridge Mountains in Shenandoah National Park (SNP), Virginia, USA, reveals patterns and trends that can be related to climatic and environmental conditions. These data include a 12-year time series of monthly sampling at five springs, with measurements of temperature, specific conductance, pH, and discharge recorded at 30-min intervals. The monthly measurements include age tracers (CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113, CFC-13, SF6, and SF5CF3), dissolved gases (N2, O2, Ar, CO2, and CH4), stable isotopes of water, and major and trace inorganic constituents. The chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) concentrations (in pptv) in spring discharge closely follow the concurrent monthly measurements of their atmospheric mixing ratios measured at the Air Monitoring Station at Big Meadows, SNP, indicating waters 0–3 years in age. A 2-year (2001–2003) record of unsaturated zone air displayed seasonal deviations from North American Air of ±10 % for CFC-11 and CFC-113, with excess CFC-11 and CFC-113 in peak summer and depletion in peak winter. The pattern in unsaturated zone soil CFCs is a function of gas solubility in soil water and seasonal unsaturated zone temperatures. Using the increase in the SF6 atmospheric mixing ratio, the apparent (piston flow) SF6 age of the water varied seasonally between about 0 (modern) in January and up to 3 years in July–August. The SF6 concentration and concentrations of dissolved solutes (SiO2, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, Cl−, and HCO3−) in spring discharge demonstrate a fraction of recent recharge following large precipitation events. The output of solutes in the discharge of springs minus the input from atmospheric deposition per hectare of watershed area (mol ha−1 a−1) were approximately twofold greater in watersheds draining the regolith of Catoctin metabasalts than that of granitic gneisses and granitoid crystalline rocks. The stable isotopic composition of water in spring discharge broadly correlates with the Oceanic Niño Index. Below normal precipitation and enriched stable isotopic composition were observed during El Niño years.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquatic Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10498-013-9202-y","usgsCitation":"Busenberg, E., and Plummer, N., 2014, A 17-year record of environmental tracers in spring discharge, Shenandoah National Park, Virginia, USA: use of climatic data and environmental conditions to interpret discharge, dissolved solutes, and tracer concentrations: Aquatic Geochemistry, v. 20, no. 2-3, p. 267-290, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10498-013-9202-y.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"267","endPage":"290","numberOfPages":"24","ipdsId":"IP-044836","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":285189,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10498-013-9202-y"},{"id":285191,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Shenandoah National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -79.1015,37.8742 ], [ -79.1015,39.0556 ], [ -78.0457,39.0556 ], [ -78.0457,37.8742 ], [ -79.1015,37.8742 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"20","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-10-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53516eb2e4b05569d8059d17","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Busenberg, Eurybiades ebusenbe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busenberg","given":"Eurybiades","email":"ebusenbe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70101272,"text":"70101272 - 2014 - Small reservoir distribution, rate of construction, and uses in the upper and middle Chattahoochee basins of the Georgia Piedmont, USA, 1950-2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-12T11:02:05","indexId":"70101272","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-01T10:24:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1957,"text":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-information","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Small reservoir distribution, rate of construction, and uses in the upper and middle Chattahoochee basins of the Georgia Piedmont, USA, 1950-2010","docAbstract":"Construction of small reservoirs affects ecosystem processes in numerous ways including fragmenting stream habitat, altering hydrology, and modifying water chemistry. While the upper and middle Chattahoochee River basins within the Southeastern United States Piedmont contain few natural lakes, they have a high density of small reservoirs (more than 7500 small reservoirs in the nearly 12,000 km2 basin). Policymakers and water managers in the region have little information about small reservoir distribution, uses, or the cumulative inundation of land cover caused by small reservoir construction. Examination of aerial photography reveals the spatiotemporal patterns and extent of small reservoir construction from 1950 to 2010. Over that 60 year timeframe, the area inundated by water increased nearly six fold (from 19 reservoirs covering 0.16% of the study area in 1950 to 329 reservoirs covering 0.95% of the study area in 2010). While agricultural practices were associated with reservoir creation from 1950 to 1970, the highest rates of reservoir construction occurred during subsequent suburban development between 1980 and 1990. Land cover adjacent to individual reservoirs transitioned over time through agricultural abandonment, land reforestation, and conversion to development during suburban expansion. The prolific rate of ongoing small reservoir creation, particularly in newly urbanizing regions and developing counties, necessitates additional attention from watershed managers and continued scientific research into cumulative environmental impacts at the watershed scale.","language":"English","publisher":"International Journal of Geo-Information","doi":"10.3390/ijgi3020460","usgsCitation":"Ignatius, A.R., and Jones, J., 2014, Small reservoir distribution, rate of construction, and uses in the upper and middle Chattahoochee basins of the Georgia Piedmont, USA, 1950-2010: ISPRS International Journal of Geo-information, v. 3, no. 2, p. 460-480, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi3020460.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"460","endPage":"480","ipdsId":"IP-041039","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473075,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi3020460","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":286169,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","otherGeospatial":"Chattahoochee River Basin, Georgia Piedmont","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -84.599022,33.757124 ], [ -84.599022,34.987592 ], [ -82.965826,34.987592 ], [ -82.965826,33.757124 ], [ -84.599022,33.757124 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"3","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517063e4b05569d805a3bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ignatius, Amber R. arignatius@usgs.gov","contributorId":3817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ignatius","given":"Amber","email":"arignatius@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":492651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, John W. 0000-0001-6117-3691 jwjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6117-3691","contributorId":2220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"John","email":"jwjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":37786,"text":"WMA - Observing Systems Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70129607,"text":"70129607 - 2014 - Capturing interactions between nitrogen and hydrological cycles under historical climate and land use: Susquehanna watershed analysis with the GFDL land model LM3-TAN","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-24T09:22:56","indexId":"70129607","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-01T09:19:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1011,"text":"Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Capturing interactions between nitrogen and hydrological cycles under historical climate and land use: Susquehanna watershed analysis with the GFDL land model LM3-TAN","docAbstract":"We developed a process model LM3-TAN to assess the combined effects of direct human influences and climate change on terrestrial and aquatic nitrogen (TAN) cycling. The model was developed by expanding NOAA's Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory land model LM3V-N of coupled terrestrial carbon and nitrogen (C-N) cycling and including new N cycling processes and inputs such as a soil denitrification, point N sources to streams (i.e., sewage), and stream transport and microbial processes. Because the model integrates ecological, hydrological, and biogeochemical processes, it captures key controls of the transport and fate of N in the vegetation–soil–river system in a comprehensive and consistent framework which is responsive to climatic variations and land-use changes. We applied the model at 1/8° resolution for a study of the Susquehanna River Basin. We simulated with LM3-TAN stream dissolved organic-N, ammonium-N, and nitrate-N loads throughout the river network, and we evaluated the modeled loads for 1986–2005 using data from 16 monitoring stations as well as a reported budget for the entire basin. By accounting for interannual hydrologic variability, the model was able to capture interannual variations of stream N loadings. While the model was calibrated with the stream N loads only at the last downstream Susquehanna River Basin Commission station Marietta (40°02' N, 76°32' W), it captured the N loads well at multiple locations within the basin with different climate regimes, land-use types, and associated N sources and transformations in the sub-basins. Furthermore, the calculated and previously reported N budgets agreed well at the level of the whole Susquehanna watershed. Here we illustrate how point and non-point N sources contributing to the various ecosystems are stored, lost, and exported via the river. Local analysis of six sub-basins showed combined effects of land use and climate on soil denitrification rates, with the highest rates in the Lower Susquehanna Sub-Basin (extensive agriculture; Atlantic coastal climate) and the lowest rates in the West Branch Susquehanna Sub-Basin (mostly forest; Great Lakes and Midwest climate). In the re-growing secondary forests, most of the N from non-point sources was stored in the vegetation and soil, but in the agricultural lands most N inputs were removed by soil denitrification, indicating that anthropogenic N applications could drive substantial increase of N2O emission, an intermediate of the denitrification process.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biogeosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/bg-11-5809-2014","usgsCitation":"Lee, M., Malyshev, S., Shevliakova, E., Milly, P., and Jaffe, P.R., 2014, Capturing interactions between nitrogen and hydrological cycles under historical climate and land use: Susquehanna watershed analysis with the GFDL land model LM3-TAN: Biogeosciences, v. 11, p. 5809-5826, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-5809-2014.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"5809","endPage":"5826","numberOfPages":"18","ipdsId":"IP-058259","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473077,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-5809-2014","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":295706,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295705,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-5809-2014"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Susquehanna River","volume":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-10-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"544b6a1ae4b03653c63fb1c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, M.","contributorId":17932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Malyshev, S.","contributorId":58210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malyshev","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shevliakova, E.","contributorId":69910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shevliakova","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Milly, Paul C. D.","contributorId":100769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milly","given":"Paul C. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jaffe, P. R.","contributorId":96204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaffe","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70134582,"text":"70134582 - 2014 - Why the 1964 Great Alaska Earthquake matters 50 years later","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-14T15:27:29.817959","indexId":"70134582","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-01T06:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Why the 1964 Great Alaska Earthquake matters 50 years later","docAbstract":"

Spring was returning to Alaska on Friday 27 March 1964. A two‐week cold snap had just ended, and people were getting ready for the Easter weekend. At 5:36 p.m., an earthquake initiated 12 km beneath Prince William Sound, near the eastern end of what is now recognized as the Alaska‐Aleutian subduction zone. No one was expecting this earthquake that would radically alter the coastal landscape, influence the direction of science, and indelibly mark the growth of a burgeoning state.

","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0220140020","usgsCitation":"West, M., Haeussler, P.J., Ruppert, N.A., Freymueller, J., and Alaska Seismic Hazards Safety Commission, 2014, Why the 1964 Great Alaska Earthquake matters 50 years later: Seismological Research Letters, v. 85, no. 2, p. 245-251, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220140020.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"245","endPage":"251","numberOfPages":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054609","costCenters":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296441,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -160.04522953391194,\n 66.68954870433438\n ],\n [\n -160.04522953391194,\n 54.97067577720671\n ],\n [\n -133.64609437534986,\n 54.97067577720671\n ],\n [\n -133.64609437534986,\n 66.68954870433438\n ],\n [\n -160.04522953391194,\n 66.68954870433438\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"85","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-03-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"548193cbe4b0aa6d778520ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"West, Michael E.","contributorId":91830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"West","given":"Michael E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":526207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ruppert, Natalia A.","contributorId":89117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppert","given":"Natalia","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":526208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Freymueller, Jeffrey T.","contributorId":96841,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Freymueller","given":"Jeffrey T.","affiliations":[{"id":26875,"text":"Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":526209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Alaska Seismic Hazards Safety Commission","contributorId":127695,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Alaska Seismic Hazards Safety Commission","id":526370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70134594,"text":"70134594 - 2014 - Little late Holocene strain accumulation and release on the Aleutian megathrust below the Shumagin Islands, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-04T14:09:32","indexId":"70134594","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Little late Holocene strain accumulation and release on the Aleutian megathrust below the Shumagin Islands, Alaska","docAbstract":"

Can a predominantly creeping segment of a subduction zone generate a great (M > 8) earthquake? Despite Russian accounts of strong shaking and high tsunamis in 1788, geodetic observations above the Aleutian megathrust indicate creeping subduction across the Shumagin Islands segment, a well-known seismic gap. Seeking evidence for prehistoric great earthquakes, we investigated Simeonof Island, the archipelago's easternmost island, and found no evidence for uplifted marine terraces or subsided shorelines. Instead, we found freshwater peat blanketing lowlands, and organic-rich silt and tephra draping higher glacially smoothed bedrock. Basal peat ages place glacier retreat prior to 10.4 ka and imply slowly rising (<0.2 m/ka) relative sea level since ~3.4 ka. Storms rather than tsunamis probably deposited thin, discontinuous deposits in coastal sites. If rupture of the megathrust beneath Simeonof Island produced great earthquakes in the late Holocene, then coseismic uplift or subsidence was too small (≤0.3 m) to perturb the onshore geologic record.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/2014GL059393","usgsCitation":"Witter, R., Briggs, R.W., Engelhart, S.E., Gelfenbaum, G.R., Koehler, R., and Barnhart, W.D., 2014, Little late Holocene strain accumulation and release on the Aleutian megathrust below the Shumagin Islands, Alaska: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 41, no. 7, p. 2359-2367, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL059393.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"2359","endPage":"2367","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054595","costCenters":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488472,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/geo_facpubs/7","text":"External Repository"},{"id":296437,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Shumagin Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -161.7626953125,\n 55.55349545845371\n ],\n [\n -161.7626953125,\n 60.392147922518845\n ],\n [\n -149.58984375,\n 60.392147922518845\n ],\n [\n -149.58984375,\n 55.55349545845371\n ],\n [\n -161.7626953125,\n 55.55349545845371\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"41","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-04-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"548193bce4b0aa6d778520ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Witter, Robert C. 0000-0002-1721-254X rwitter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1721-254X","contributorId":4528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witter","given":"Robert C.","email":"rwitter@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Briggs, Richard W. 0000-0001-8108-0046 rbriggs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8108-0046","contributorId":4136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"Richard","email":"rbriggs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Engelhart, Simon E.","contributorId":60104,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Engelhart","given":"Simon","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6923,"text":"University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":526214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gelfenbaum, Guy R. 0000-0003-1291-6107 ggelfenbaum@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1291-6107","contributorId":742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gelfenbaum","given":"Guy","email":"ggelfenbaum@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Koehler, Richard D.","contributorId":76993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koehler","given":"Richard D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":526216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Barnhart, William D. wbarnhart@usgs.gov","contributorId":5299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnhart","given":"William","email":"wbarnhart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70194791,"text":"70194791 - 2014 - Stream capture to form Red Pass, northern Soda Mountains, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-18T11:05:49","indexId":"70194791","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Stream capture to form Red Pass, northern Soda Mountains, California","docAbstract":"

Red Pass, a narrow cut through the Soda Mountains important for prehistoric and early historic travelers, is quite young geologically. Its history of downcutting to capture streams west of the Soda Mountains, thereby draining much of eastern Fort Irwin, is told by the contrast in alluvial fan sediments on either side of the pass. Old alluvial fan deposits (>500 ka) were shed westward off an intact ridge of the Soda Mountains but by middle Pleistocene time, intermediate-age alluvial fan deposits (~100 ka) were laid down by streams flowing east through the pass into Silurian Valley. The pass was probably formed by stream capture driven by high levels of groundwater on the west side. This is evidenced by widespread wetland deposits west of the Soda Mountains. Sapping and spring discharge into Silurian Valley over millennia formed a low divide in the mountains that eventually was overtopped and incised by a stream. Lessons include the importance of groundwater levels for stream capture and the relatively youthful appearance of this ~100-200 ka feature in the slowly changing Mojave Desert landscape.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Not a drop left to drink","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"California State University Desert Studies Center 2014 Desert Symposium","language":"English","publisher":"California State University Fullerton Desert Studies Center","usgsCitation":"Miller, D., and Mahan, S.A., 2014, Stream capture to form Red Pass, northern Soda Mountains, California, in Not a drop left to drink, p. 208-217.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"208","endPage":"217","ipdsId":"IP-054656","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350066,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Soda Mountains","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a6100b6e4b06e28e9c25403","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, David M. 0000-0003-3711-0441 dmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3711-0441","contributorId":140769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"David M.","email":"dmiller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":725179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mahan, Shannon A. 0000-0001-5214-7774 smahan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5214-7774","contributorId":147159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahan","given":"Shannon","email":"smahan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":725180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70095234,"text":"ofr20131020 - 2014 - High-resolution geophysical data collected aboard the U.S. Geological Survey research vessel Rafael to supplement existing datasets from Buzzards Bay and Vineyard Sound, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-28T13:46:51","indexId":"ofr20131020","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-28T13:34:34","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1020","title":"High-resolution geophysical data collected aboard the U.S. Geological Survey research vessel Rafael to supplement existing datasets from Buzzards Bay and Vineyard Sound, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"Geophysical and geospatial data were collected in Buzzards Bay, in the shallow-water areas of Vineyard Sound, and in the nearshore areas off the eastern Elizabeth Islands and northern coast of Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts, on the U.S. Geological Survey research vessel Rafael between 2007 and 2011, in a collaborative effort between the U.S. Geological Survey and the Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management. This report describes results of this collaborative effort, which include mapping the geology of the inner shelf zone of the Elizabeth Islands and the sand shoals of Vineyard Sound and studying geologic processes that contribute to the evolution of this area. Data collected during these surveys include: bathymetry, acoustic backscatter, seismic-reflection profiles, sound velocity profiles, and navigation. 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41.67942447400401], \"type\": \"Feature\", \"id\": \"3091985\"}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517046e4b05569d805a253","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pendleton, Elizabeth A.","contributorId":101312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pendleton","given":"Elizabeth A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andrews, Brian D.","contributorId":54180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"Brian D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Danforth, William W. 0000-0002-6382-9487 bdanforth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6382-9487","contributorId":3292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danforth","given":"William","email":"bdanforth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science 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Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1003","title":"Hydrologic Drought Decision Support System (HyDroDSS)","docAbstract":"

The hydrologic drought decision support system (HyDroDSS) was developed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the Rhode Island Water Resources Board (RIWRB) for use in the analysis of hydrologic variables that may indicate the risk for streamflows to be below user-defined flow targets at a designated site of interest, which is defined herein as data-collection site on a stream that may be adversely affected by pumping. Hydrologic drought is defined for this study as a period of lower than normal streamflows caused by precipitation deficits and (or) water withdrawals. The HyDroDSS is designed to provide water managers with risk-based information for balancing water-supply needs and aquatic-habitat protection goals to mitigate potential effects of hydrologic drought.

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This report describes the theory and methods for retrospective streamflow-depletion analysis, rank correlation analysis, and drought-projection analysis. All three methods are designed to inform decisions made by drought steering committees and decisionmakers on the basis of quantitative risk assessment. All three methods use estimates of unaltered streamflow, which is the measured or modeled flow without major withdrawals or discharges, to approximate a natural low-flow regime.

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Retrospective streamflow-depletion analysis can be used by water-resource managers to evaluate relations between withdrawal plans and the potential effects of withdrawal plans on streams at one or more sites of interest in an area. Retrospective streamflow-depletion analysis indicates the historical risk of being below user-defined flow targets if different pumping plans were implemented for the period of record. Retrospective streamflow-depletion analysis also indicates the risk for creating hydrologic drought conditions caused by use of a pumping plan. Retrospective streamflow-depletion analysis is done by calculating the net streamflow depletions from withdrawals and discharges and applying these depletions to a simulated record of unaltered streamflow.

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Rank correlation analysis in the HyDroDSS indicates the persistence of hydrologic measurements from month to month for the prediction of developing hydrologic drought conditions and quantitatively indicates which hydrologic variables may be used to indicate the onset of hydrologic drought conditions. Rank correlation analysis also indicates the potential use of each variable for estimating the monthly minimum unaltered flow at a site of interest for use in the drought-projection analysis. Rank correlation analysis in the HyDroDSS is done by calculating Spearman’s rho for paired samples and the 95-percent confidence limits of this rho value. Rank correlation analysis can be done by using precipitation, groundwater levels, measured streamflows, and estimated unaltered streamflows. Serial correlation analysis, which indicates relations between current and future values, can be done for a single site. Cross correlation analysis, which indicates relations among current values at one site and current and future values at a second site, also can be done.

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Drought-projection analysis in the HyDroDSS indicates the risk for being in a hydrologic drought condition during the current month and the five following months with and without pumping. Drought-projection analysis also indicates the potential effectiveness of water-conservation methods for mitigating the effect of withdrawals in the coming months on the basis of the amount of depletion caused by different pumping plans and on the risk of unaltered flows being below streamflow targets. Drought-projection analysis in the HyDroDSS is done with Monte Carlo methods by using the position analysis method. In this method the initial value of estimated unaltered streamflows is calculated by correlation to a measured hydrologic variable (monthly precipitation, groundwater levels, or streamflows from an index station identified with the rank correlation analysis). Then a pseudorandom number generator is used to create 251 six-month-long flow traces by using a bootstrap method. Serial correlation of the estimated unaltered monthly minimum streamflows determined from the rank correlation analysis is preserved within each flow trace. The sample of unaltered streamflows indicates the risk of being below flow targets in the coming months under simulated natural conditions (without historic withdrawals). The streamflow-depletion algorithms are then used to estimate risks of flow being below targets if selected pumping plans are used.

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This report also describes the implementation of the HyDroDSS. The HyDroDSS was developed as a Microsoft Access® database application to facilitate storage, handling, and use of hydrologic datasets with a simple graphical user interface. The program is implemented in the database by using the Visual Basic for Applications® (VBA) programming language. Program source code for the analytical techniques is provided in the HyDroDSS and in electronic text files accompanying this report. Program source code for the graphical user interface and for data-handling code, which is specific to Microsoft Access® and the HyDroDSS, is provided in the database. An installation package with a run-time version of the software is available with this report for potential users who do not have a compatible copy of Microsoft Access®. Administrative rights are needed to install this version of the HyDroDSS.

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A case study, to demonstrate the use of HyDroDSS and interpretation of results for a site of interest, is detailed for the USGS streamgage on the Hunt River (station 01117000) near East Greenwich in central Rhode Island. The Hunt River streamgage was used because it has a long record of streamflow and is in a well-studied basin with a substantial amount of hydrologic and water-use data including groundwater pumping for municipal water supply.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141003","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Rhode Island Water Resources Board","usgsCitation":"Granato, G., 2014, Hydrologic Drought Decision Support System (HyDroDSS): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1003, Report: x, 91 p.; Make CD by ISO package, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141003.","productDescription":"Report: x, 91 p.; Make CD by ISO package","numberOfPages":"118","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-042923","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":285061,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141003.jpg"},{"id":285059,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1003/ofr2014-1003_CDROM.iso"},{"id":285057,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1003/"},{"id":285058,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1003/pdf/ofr2014-1003.pdf"}],"projection":"Rhode Island state plane projection","country":"United States","state":"Rhode Island","city":"East Greenwich","otherGeospatial":"Hunt River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -71.575284,41.507592 ], [ -71.575284,41.674953 ], [ -71.426104,41.674953 ], [ -71.426104,41.507592 ], [ -71.575284,41.507592 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517047e4b05569d805a262","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Granato, Gregory E. 0000-0002-2561-9913 ggranato@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2561-9913","contributorId":1692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Granato","given":"Gregory E.","email":"ggranato@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":489307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70093764,"text":"sir20145029 - 2014 - Hydrogeologic framework and salinity distribution of the Floridan aquifer system of Broward County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-27T10:09:44","indexId":"sir20145029","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-27T09:58:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5029","title":"Hydrogeologic framework and salinity distribution of the Floridan aquifer system of Broward County, Florida","docAbstract":"

Concerns about water-level decline and seawater intrusion in the surficial Biscayne aquifer, currently the principal source of water supply to Broward County, prompted a study to refine the hydrogeologic framework of the underlying Floridan aquifer system to evaluate its potential as an alternative source of supply. This report presents cross sections that illustrate the stratigraphy and hydrogeology in eastern Broward County; maps of the upper surfaces and thicknesses of several geologic formations or units within the Floridan aquifer system; and maps of two of the potentially productive water-bearing zones within the system, the Upper Floridan aquifer and the Avon Park permeable zone.

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An analysis of data on rock depositional textures, associated pore networks, and flow zones in the Floridan aquifer system shows that groundwater moves through the system in two ways. These data support a conceptual, dual-porosity model of the system wherein groundwater moves either as concentrated flow in discrete, thin bedding-plane vugs or zones of vuggy megaporosity, or as diffuse flow through rocks with primarily interparticle and moldic-particle porosity. Because considerable exchange of groundwater may occur between the zones of vuggy and matrix-dominated porosity, understanding the distribution of that porosity and flow zone types is important to evaluating the suitability of the several units within the Floridan aquifer system for managing the water through practices such as aquifer storage and recovery (ASR).

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The salinity of the water in the Floridan aquifer system is highest in the central part of the study area, and lower toward the north and south. Although salinity generally increases with depth, in the western part of the study area a zone of relatively high saline water is perched above water of lower salinity in the underlying Avon Park permeable zone. Overall, the areas of highest salinity in the aquifer system coincide with those with the lowest estimated transmissivity, so that the occurrence of perched saline water in the system may be the consequence of incompletely flushed connate water or intruded seawater.

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\n

A seismic reflection profile along the Hillsboro Canal, at the northern edge of the study area, shows seven seismic-sag structures that are interpreted as downward deformation of overlying strata into collapsed deep cave systems. These structures may compromise the integrity of the confinement created by the underlying strata by allowing upconing of saline water from depth, which has implications for successful application of ASR and use of the Floridan aquifer system as an alternative water supply.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145029","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Broward County, Florida","usgsCitation":"Reese, R.S., and Cunningham, K.J., 2014, Hydrogeologic framework and salinity distribution of the Floridan aquifer system of Broward County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5029, Report: vii, 60 p.; Appendix; Plate Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145029.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 60 p.; Appendix; Plate Directory","numberOfPages":"72","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-026662","costCenters":[{"id":285,"text":"Florida Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":285022,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145029.jpg"},{"id":285020,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5029/appendix"},{"id":285021,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5029/plates"},{"id":285018,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5029/"},{"id":285019,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5029/pdf/sir2014-5029.pdf"}],"projection":"Albers Equal Area Conic Projection","datum":"North American Datum 1983","country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Broward County","otherGeospatial":"Hillsboro Canal","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -80.37981,25.949959 ], [ -80.37981,26.37992 ], [ -80.060996,26.37992 ], [ -80.060996,25.949959 ], [ -80.37981,25.949959 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517047e4b05569d805a25d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reese, Ronald S. rsreese@usgs.gov","contributorId":1090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reese","given":"Ronald","email":"rsreese@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":490204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cunningham, Kevin J. 0000-0002-2179-8686 kcunning@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2179-8686","contributorId":1689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunningham","given":"Kevin","email":"kcunning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70048989,"text":"sir20135204 - 2014 - Acute and chronic sensitivity of white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to cadmium, copper, lead, or zinc in laboratory water-only exposures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-26T12:59:41","indexId":"sir20135204","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-26T12:54:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5204","title":"Acute and chronic sensitivity of white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to cadmium, copper, lead, or zinc in laboratory water-only exposures","docAbstract":"

White sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) are experiencing poor recruitment in the trans boundary reach of the upper Columbia River in eastern Washington State. Limited toxicity data indicated that early life stages of white sturgeon are sensitive to metals. In acute 4-day (d) exposures with larval white sturgeon, previous studies have reported that the 4-day median lethal concentrations (LC50) based on biotic ligand model (BLM) normalization for copper were below the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency national recommended acute water-quality criterion. In previously published chronic 66-d exposures starting with newly fertilized eggs of white sturgeon, 20-percent lethal effect concentrations (LC20s) for copper, cadmium, or zinc generally were within a factor of two of the chronic values of the most sensitive fish species in the databases of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency water-quality criteria (WQC) for the three metals. However, there were some uncertainties in the chronic exposures previously performed with white sturgeon, including (1) low control survival (37 percent), (2) more control fish tested in each replicate compared to other treatments, (3) limited replication of treatments (n=2), (4) lack of reported growth data (such as dry weight), and (5) wide dilution factors for exposure concentrations (6- to 8-fold dilutions). The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency concluded that additional studies are needed to generate more toxicity data to better define lethal and sublethal toxicity thresholds for metals for white sturgeon.

\n
\n

The objective of the study was to further evaluate the acute and chronic toxicity of cadmium, copper, lead, or zinc to early life stages of white sturgeon in water-only exposures. Toxicity tests also were performed with commonly tested rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) under similar test conditions to determine the relative sensitivity between white sturgeon and rainbow trout to these metals. Toxicity data generated from this study were used to evaluate the sensitivity of early life stages of white sturgeon and rainbow trout relative to data published for other test organisms. Toxicity data generated from this study also were used to evaluate the level of protection of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency WQC or Washington State water-quality standards (WQS) for copper, zinc, cadmium, or lead to white sturgeon inhabiting the upper Columbia River.

\n
\n

Chapter A of this report summarizes the results of acute toxicity tests performed for 4 d with white sturgeon and rainbow trout exposed to copper, cadmium, or zinc. Chapter B of this report summarizes the results of chronic toxicity tests performed for as many as 53 days with white sturgeon or rainbow trout exposed to copper, cadmium, zinc, or lead. Appendixes to the report are available at http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5204. Supporting documentation for chapter A toxicity testing is provided in appendix 1. Supporting documentation for chapter B toxicity testing is provided in Appendix 2. Supporting documentation on analysis of water chemistry for chapter A and chapter B is provided in appendix 3 and 4. The rationale for applying corrections to measured copper and zinc values in water samples from some of the toxicity tests performed in chapter A is provided in appendix 5. A summary of dissolved organic carbon measurement variability and implications for biotic ligand model normalization for toxicity data summarized in chapter A and chapter B are provided in appendix 6. An evaluation of an interlaboratory comparison of analyses for dissolved organic carbon in water from the U.S. Geological Survey Columbia Environmental Research Center and University of Saskatchewan is provided in appendix 7. Finally, appendix 8 provides a summary of retesting of white sturgeon in 2012 to determine if improved survival of sturgeon would affect copper effect concentrations in 24-d copper exposures started with newly hatched larvae, and to evaluate the effect of light intensity or temperature on the response of newly hatched larvae during a 25-d study.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135204","issn":"2328-0328","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and Teck American, Inc.","usgsCitation":"Ingersoll, C.G., Contributions by Wang, N., Calfee, R.D., Beahan, E., Brumbaugh, W.G., Dorman, R.A., Hardesty, D.K., Kunz, J.L., Little, E.E., Mebane, C.A., and Puglis, H.J., 2014, Acute and chronic sensitivity of white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to cadmium, copper, lead, or zinc in laboratory water-only exposures: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5204, Report: viii, 76 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135204.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 76 p.; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"88","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-042908","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research 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Erinn","contributorId":13893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beahan","given":"Erinn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brumbaugh, William G. 0000-0003-0081-375X bbrumbaugh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0081-375X","contributorId":493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brumbaugh","given":"William","email":"bbrumbaugh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dorman, Rebecca A. 0000-0002-5748-7046","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5748-7046","contributorId":28522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorman","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hardesty, Doug K.","contributorId":79344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardesty","given":"Doug","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Kunz, James L. 0000-0002-1027-158X jkunz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1027-158X","contributorId":3309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunz","given":"James","email":"jkunz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Little, Edward E. 0000-0003-0034-3639 elittle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0034-3639","contributorId":1746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Little","given":"Edward","email":"elittle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Mebane, Christopher A. 0000-0002-9089-0267 cmebane@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9089-0267","contributorId":110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mebane","given":"Christopher","email":"cmebane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Puglis, Holly J. 0000-0002-3090-6597 hpuglis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3090-6597","contributorId":4686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puglis","given":"Holly","email":"hpuglis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70048916,"text":"sir20135131 - 2014 - Characterization of the Marcellus Shale based on computer-assisted correlation of wireline logs in Virginia and West Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-26T08:47:14","indexId":"sir20135131","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-26T08:38:16","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5131","title":"Characterization of the Marcellus Shale based on computer-assisted correlation of wireline logs in Virginia and West Virginia","docAbstract":"The Middle Devonian Marcellus Shale in the Appalachian basin extends from central Ohio on the west to eastern New York on the east, and from north-central New York on the north to northern Tennessee on the south. Its thickness ranges from 0 feet (ft) where it pinches out to the west to as much as 700 ft in its eastern extent. Within the Broadtop synclinorium, the thickness of the Marcellus Shale ranges from 250 to 565 ft. Although stratigraphic complexities have been documented, a significant range in thickness most likely is because of tectonic thickening from folds and thrust faults. Outcrop studies in the Valley and Ridge and Appalachian Plateaus provinces illustrate the challenges of interpreting the relation of third-order faults, folds, and “disturbed” zones to the regional tectonic framework. Recent field work within the Valley and Ridge province determined that significant faulting and intraformational deformation are present within the Marcellus Shale at the outcrop scale. In an attempt to determine if this scale of deformation is detectable with conventional wireline logs, petrophysical properties (primarily mineralogy and porosity) were measured by interpretation of gamma-ray and bulk-density logs. The results of performing a statistical correlation of wireline logs from nine wells indicated that there are discontinuities within the Millboro Shale (undifferentiated Marcellus Shale and Mahantango Formation) where there are significant thickness differences between wells. Also, some intervals likely contain mineralogy that makes these zones more prone to layer-shortening cleavage duplexes. The Correlator program proved to be a useful tool in a region of contractional deformation.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135131","usgsCitation":"Enomoto, C.B., Olea, R., and Coleman, J.L., 2014, Characterization of the Marcellus Shale based on computer-assisted correlation of wireline logs in Virginia and West Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5131, Report: iv, 21 p.; 4 Plates: 41.69 x 24.64 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135131.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 21 p.; 4 Plates: 41.69 x 24.64 inches or smaller","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-036156","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":284917,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5131/pdf/plates/sir2013-5131_plate1.pdf"},{"id":284915,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5131/"},{"id":284916,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5131/pdf/sir2013-5131.pdf"},{"id":284918,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5131/pdf/plates/sir2013-5131_plate2.pdf"},{"id":284919,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5131/pdf/plates/sir2013-5131_plate3.pdf"},{"id":284920,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5131/pdf/plates/sir2013-5131_plate4.pdf"},{"id":284921,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135131.jpg"}],"scale":"2000000","projection":"Albers Equal-Area Conic projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Virginia;West Virginia","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -84,8.333333333333334E-4 ], [ -84,0.0011111111111111111 ], [ -77,0.0011111111111111111 ], [ -77,8.333333333333334E-4 ], [ -84,8.333333333333334E-4 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd50bfe4b0b290850f3854","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Enomoto, Catherine B. 0000-0002-4119-1953 cenomoto@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4119-1953","contributorId":2126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Enomoto","given":"Catherine","email":"cenomoto@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olea, Ricardo A. 0000-0003-4308-0808","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4308-0808","contributorId":47873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olea","given":"Ricardo A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":485799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coleman, James L. Jr. 0000-0002-5232-5849 jlcoleman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5232-5849","contributorId":549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coleman","given":"James","suffix":"Jr.","email":"jlcoleman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":485797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70048965,"text":"sir20135138 - 2014 - Lower Cody Shale (Niobrara equivalent) in the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming and Montana: thickness, distribution, and source rock potential","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-28T15:23:55","indexId":"sir20135138","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-25T12:14:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5138","title":"Lower Cody Shale (Niobrara equivalent) in the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming and Montana: thickness, distribution, and source rock potential","docAbstract":"The lower shaly member of the Cody Shale in the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming and Montana is Coniacian to Santonian in age and is equivalent to the upper part of the Carlile Shale and basal part of the Niobrara Formation in the Powder River Basin to the east. The lower Cody ranges in thickness from 700 to 1,200 feet and underlies much of the central part of the basin. It is composed of gray to black shale, calcareous shale, bentonite, and minor amounts of siltstone and sandstone. Sixty-six samples, collected from well cuttings, from the lower Cody Shale were analyzed using Rock-Eval and total organic carbon analysis to determine the source rock potential. Total organic carbon content averages 2.28 weight percent for the Carlile equivalent interval and reaches a maximum of nearly 5 weight percent. The Niobrara equivalent interval averages about 1.5 weight percent and reaches a maximum of over 3 weight percent, indicating that both intervals are good to excellent source rocks. S2 values from pyrolysis analysis also indicate that both intervals have a good to excellent source rock potential. Plots of hydrogen index versus oxygen index, hydrogen index versus Tmax, and S2/S3 ratios indicate that organic matter contains both Type II and Type III kerogen capable of generating oil and gas. Maps showing the distribution of kerogen types and organic richness for the lower shaly member of the Cody Shale show that it is more organic-rich and more oil-prone in the eastern and southeastern parts of the basin. Thermal maturity based on vitrinite reflectance (Ro) ranges from 0.60–0.80 percent Ro around the margins of the basin, increasing to greater than 2.0 percent Ro in the deepest part of the basin, indicates that the lower Cody is mature to overmature with respect to hydrocarbon generation.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135138","usgsCitation":"Finn, T.M., 2014, Lower Cody Shale (Niobrara equivalent) in the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming and Montana: thickness, distribution, and source rock potential: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5138, iii, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135138.","productDescription":"iii, 32 p.","numberOfPages":"39","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-040362","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":284879,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135138.jpg"},{"id":284877,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5138/"},{"id":284878,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5138/pdf/sir13-5138.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana;Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Bighorn Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -110,43 ], [ -110,45.5 ], [ -106.5,45.5 ], [ -106.5,43 ], [ -110,43 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd651fe4b0b290850ffe2a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Finn, Thomas M. 0000-0001-6396-9351 finn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6396-9351","contributorId":778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"Thomas","email":"finn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}