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One-hundred twenty-one sensors from 61 sites (fig. 3) were recovered. Thirty-seven sites from which sensors were recovered were in the New Orleans area, and the remaining 24 sites were distributed throughout southeastern Louisiana. Sites were categorized as surge (21), riverine flooding (18), anthropogenic (affected by the operation of gates or pumps) (17), or mixed/uncertain on the basis of field observations and the appearance of the water-level data (5).","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081373","usgsCitation":"McGee, B.D., Goree, B.B., Tollett, R.W., and Mason, 2008, Monitoring Inland Storm Surge and Flooding From Hurricane Gustav in Louisiana, September 2008 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1373, Zip File, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081373.","productDescription":"Zip File","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2008-08-29","temporalEnd":"2008-08-31","costCenters":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":12188,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1373/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":195125,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92.5,28.5 ], [ -92.5,30.5 ], [ -89,30.5 ], [ -89,28.5 ], [ -92.5,28.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db6991ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGee, Benton D. bdmcgee@usgs.gov","contributorId":2899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGee","given":"Benton","email":"bdmcgee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goree, Burl B. 0000-0003-3278-0403 bbgoree@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3278-0403","contributorId":3508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goree","given":"Burl","email":"bbgoree@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tollett, Roland W. 0000-0002-4726-5845 rtollett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4726-5845","contributorId":1896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tollett","given":"Roland","email":"rtollett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mason, Jr. 0000-0002-3998-3468 rrmason@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3998-3468","contributorId":2090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mason","suffix":"Jr.","email":"rrmason@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":97207,"text":"ofr20081330 - 2008 - Biological communities and geomorphology of patch reefs in Biscayne National Park, Florida, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-07T17:13:25.841522","indexId":"ofr20081330","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1330","title":"Biological communities and geomorphology of patch reefs in Biscayne National Park, Florida, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"Coral reef ecosystem management benefits from continual, quantitative assessment of the resources being managed, plus assessment of factors that affect distribution patterns of organisms in the ecosystem. In this study, we investigated the relationships among physical, benthic, and fish variables in effort to help explain the distribution patterns of ecologically and economically important species on twelve patch reefs within Biscayne National Park (BNP), Florida, U.S.A. We visited 196 randomly-located sampling stations across twelve shallow (< 10m) patch reefs, using SCUBA to conduct our surveys. We measured physical variables (e.g., substratum type), estimated the percent cover of benthic community members (e.g., coral, algae), and counted and estimated mean size for each fish species observed. We also used high-density bathymetric data collected remotely via airborne laser surveying (Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar (EAARL)) to calculate rugosity (bumpiness) of the reef habitat. Here we present our findings visually by graphing our quantitative community and physical structure data simultaneously in a GIS map format. You will see that biological organisms arrange themselves on each patch reef in a non-random manner. For example, many species of fish prefer to locate themselves in areas of the reef where the rugosity index is high. Rugose parts of the reef provide them with good hiding places from predators.\r\n\r\nThese maps (and the data used to create them) are permanent records of the status of reef resources found on these twelve patch reefs in BNP as of September, 2003. The survey data found in the shapefile located on this CD product includes benthic percent cover data for algae, coral, encrusting invertebrates, and substratum type, in addition to gorgonian abundance and volume, total fish abundance and species richness, and specific counts for Acanthurids (surgeonfish), Scarids (parrotfish), Lutjanids (snappers), Haemulids (grunts), Serranids (groupers), and Pomacentrids (damselfish).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081330","usgsCitation":"Kuffner, I.B., Brock, J., Grober-Dunsmore, R., Hickey, T.D., Bonito, V., Bracone, J.E., and Wright, C.W., 2008, Biological communities and geomorphology of patch reefs in Biscayne National Park, Florida, U.S.A.: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1330, HTML Document; CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081330.","productDescription":"HTML Document; CD-ROM","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":423305,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_96829.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":198102,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12189,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1330/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Biscayne National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.1611,\n 25.4611\n ],\n [\n -80.1611,\n 25.3472\n ],\n [\n -80.0217,\n 25.3472\n ],\n [\n -80.0217,\n 25.4611\n ],\n [\n -80.1611,\n 25.4611\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a48e4b07f02db62365e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuffner, Ilsa B. 0000-0001-8804-7847 ikuffner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8804-7847","contributorId":3105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuffner","given":"Ilsa","email":"ikuffner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brock, John 0000-0002-5289-9332 jbrock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5289-9332","contributorId":2261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brock","given":"John","email":"jbrock@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grober-Dunsmore, Rikki","contributorId":71292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grober-Dunsmore","given":"Rikki","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hickey, T. Don","contributorId":49066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickey","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"Don","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bonito, Victor","contributorId":88057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonito","given":"Victor","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bracone, Jeremy E.","contributorId":16944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bracone","given":"Jeremy","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wright, C. Wayne wwright@usgs.gov","contributorId":57422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"C.","email":"wwright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Wayne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":97203,"text":"ofr20081366 - 2008 - Preliminary geologic map of the southern Funeral Mountains and adjacent ground-water discharge sites, Inyo County, California, and Nye County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-14T19:58:45.521966","indexId":"ofr20081366","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1366","title":"Preliminary geologic map of the southern Funeral Mountains and adjacent ground-water discharge sites, Inyo County, California, and Nye County, Nevada","docAbstract":"This map covers the southern part of the Funeral Mountains, and adjacent parts of four structural basins - Furnace Creek, Amargosa Valley, Opera House, and central Death Valley. It extends over three full 7.5-minute quadrangles, and parts of eleven others - a total area of about 950 square kilometers. The boundaries of this map were drawn to include all of the known proximal hydrogeologic features that may affect the flow of ground water that discharges from the springs of the Furnace Creek wash area, in the west-central part of the map. These springs provide the major potable water supply for Death Valley National Park.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081366","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Inyo County Yucca Mountain Repository Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Fridrich, C.J., Thompson, R.A., Slate, J.L., Berry, M.E., and Machette, M., 2008, Preliminary geologic map of the southern Funeral Mountains and adjacent ground-water discharge sites, Inyo County, California, and Nye County, Nevada (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1366, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081366.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195339,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":398773,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index 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Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Slate, Janet L. 0000-0002-2870-9068 jslate@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2870-9068","contributorId":252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slate","given":"Janet","email":"jslate@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Berry, M. E.","contributorId":78817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Machette, Michael N.","contributorId":28963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Machette","given":"Michael N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":97198,"text":"ofr20081363 - 2008 - Summary and Analysis of the U.S. Government Bat Banding Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:05","indexId":"ofr20081363","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1363","title":"Summary and Analysis of the U.S. Government Bat Banding Program","docAbstract":"This report summarizes the U.S. Government Bat Banding Program (BBP) from 1932 to 1972. More than 2 million bands were issued during the program, of which approximately 1.5 million bands were applied to 36 bat species by scientists in many locations in North America including the U.S., Canada, Mexico, and Central America. Throughout the BBP, banders noticed numerous and deleterious effects on bats, leading to a moratorium on bat banding by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and a resolution to cease banding by the American Society of Mammalogists in 1973. One of the main points of the memorandum written to justify the moratorium was to conduct a 'detailed evaluation of the files of the bat-banding program.' However, a critical and detailed evaluation of the BBP was never completed. In an effort to satisfy this need, I compiled a detailed history of the BBP by examining the files and conducting a literature review on bat banding activities during the program. I also provided a case study in managing data and applying current mark-recapture theory to estimate survival using the information from a series of bat bands issued to Clyde M. Senger during the BBP. The majority of bands applied by Senger were to Townsend's big-eared bat (Corynorhinus townsendii), a species of special concern for many states within its geographic range. I developed a database management system for the bat banding records and then analyzed and modeled survival of hibernating Townsend's big-eared bats at three main locations in Washington State using Cormack-Jolly-Seber (CJS) open models and the modeling capabilities of Program MARK. This analysis of a select dataset in the BBP files provided relatively precise estimates of survival for wintering Townsend's big-eared bats. However, this dataset is unique due to its well-maintained and complete state and because there were high recapture rates over the course of banding; it is doubtful that other unpublished datasets of the same quality exist buried in the BBP files for further analyses. Lastly, I make several recommendations based on the findings of this summary and analysis, the most important of which is that marking bats with standard metal or split-ring forearm bands should not be considered for mark-recapture studies unless the information sought and the potential for obtaining unbiased estimates from that information vastly outweighs the potential negative effects to the bats.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081363","usgsCitation":"Ellison, L.E., 2008, Summary and Analysis of the U.S. Government Bat Banding Program: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1363, vi, 117 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081363.","productDescription":"vi, 117 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198061,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12180,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1363/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db699658","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellison, Laura E. ellisonl@usgs.gov","contributorId":3220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellison","given":"Laura","email":"ellisonl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":97194,"text":"ofr20081349 - 2008 - Design and Operation of a Borehole Straddle Packer for Ground-Water Sampling and Hydraulic Testing of Discrete Intervals at U.S. Air Force Plant 6, Marietta, Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-08T12:11:25","indexId":"ofr20081349","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1349","title":"Design and Operation of a Borehole Straddle Packer for Ground-Water Sampling and Hydraulic Testing of Discrete Intervals at U.S. Air Force Plant 6, Marietta, Georgia","docAbstract":"A borehole straddle packer was developed and tested by the U.S. Geological Survey to characterize the vertical distribution of contaminants, head, and hydraulic properties in open-borehole wells as part of an ongoing investigation of ground-water contamination at U.S. Air Force Plant 6 (AFP6) in Marietta, Georgia. To better understand contaminant fate and transport in a crystalline bedrock setting and to support remedial activities at AFP6, numerous wells have been constructed that include long open-hole intervals in the crystalline bedrock. These wells can include several discontinuities that produce water, which may contain contaminants. Because of the complexity of ground-water flow and contaminant movement in the crystalline bedrock, it is important to characterize the hydraulic and water-quality characteristics of discrete intervals in these wells. The straddle packer facilitates ground-water sampling and hydraulic testing of discrete intervals, and delivery of fluids including tracer suites and remedial agents into these discontinuities.\r\n\r\nThe straddle packer consists of two inflatable packers, a dual-pump system, a pressure-sensing system, and an aqueous injection system. Tests were conducted to assess the accuracy of the pressure-sensing systems, and water samples were collected for analysis of volatile organic compound (VOCs) concentrations. Pressure-transducer readings matched computed water-column height, with a coefficient of determination of greater than 0.99. The straddle packer incorporates both an air-driven piston pump and a variable-frequency, electronic, submersible pump. Only slight differences were observed between VOC concentrations in samples collected using the two different types of sampling pumps during two sampling events in July and August 2005. A test conducted to assess the effect of stagnation on VOC concentrations in water trapped in the system's pump-tubing reel showed that concentrations were not affected. A comparison was conducted to assess differences between three water-sampling methods - collecting samples from the well by pumping a packer-isolated zone using a submersible pump, by using a grab sampler, and by using a passive diffusion sampler. Concentrations of tetrachloroethylene, trichloroethylene and 1,2-dichloropropane were greatest for samples collected using the submersible pump in the packed-isolated interval, suggesting that the straddle packer yielded the least dilute sample.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081349","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Air Force, Aeronautical System Center","usgsCitation":"Holloway, O.G., and Waddell, J.P., 2008, Design and Operation of a Borehole Straddle Packer for Ground-Water Sampling and Hydraulic Testing of Discrete Intervals at U.S. Air Force Plant 6, Marietta, Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1349, vi, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081349.","productDescription":"vi, 24 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195395,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12176,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1349/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","city":"Marietta","otherGeospatial":" U.S. Air Force Plant 6","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -84.53444444444445,33.9 ], [ -84.53444444444445,33.95 ], [ -84.5,33.95 ], [ -84.5,33.9 ], [ -84.53444444444445,33.9 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db667f54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holloway, Owen G.","contributorId":32948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holloway","given":"Owen","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waddell, Jonathan P.","contributorId":11722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waddell","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":97187,"text":"ofr20081370 - 2008 - Using logistic regression to predict a probability of debris flows in areas burned by wildfires, southern California, 2003-2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-14T20:48:54.844691","indexId":"ofr20081370","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1370","title":"Using logistic regression to predict a probability of debris flows in areas burned by wildfires, southern California, 2003-2006","docAbstract":"Logistic regression was used to develop statistical models that can be used to predict the probability of debris flows in areas recently burned by wildfires by using data from 14 wildfires that burned in southern California during 2003-2006. Twenty-eight independent variables describing the basin morphology, burn severity, rainfall, and soil properties of 306 drainage basins located within those burned areas were evaluated. The models were developed as follows: (1) Basins that did and did not produce debris flows soon after the 2003 to 2006 fires were delineated from data in the National Elevation Dataset using a geographic information system; (2) Data describing the basin morphology, burn severity, rainfall, and soil properties were compiled for each basin. These data were then input to a statistics software package for analysis using logistic regression; and (3) Relations between the occurrence or absence of debris flows and the basin morphology, burn severity, rainfall, and soil properties were evaluated, and five multivariate logistic regression models were constructed. All possible combinations of independent variables were evaluated to determine which combinations produced the most effective models, and the multivariate models that best predicted the occurrence of debris flows were identified. Percentage of high burn severity and 3-hour peak rainfall intensity were significant variables in all models. Soil organic matter content and soil clay content were significant variables in all models except Model 5. Soil slope was a significant variable in all models except Model 4. The most suitable model can be selected from these five models on the basis of the availability of independent variables in the particular area of interest and field checking of probability maps. The multivariate logistic regression models can be entered into a geographic information system, and maps showing the probability of debris flows can be constructed in recently burned areas of southern California. This study demonstrates that logistic regression is a valuable tool for developing models that predict the probability of debris flows occurring in recently burned landscapes.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081370","usgsCitation":"Rupert, M.G., Cannon, S.H., Gartner, J.E., Michael, J.A., and Helsel, D., 2008, Using logistic regression to predict a probability of debris flows in areas burned by wildfires, southern California, 2003-2006: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1370, iv, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081370.","productDescription":"iv, 9 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196299,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12171,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1370/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":402182,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86263.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.047607421875,\n 32.704111144407406\n ],\n [\n -115.02685546875,\n 32.704111144407406\n ],\n [\n -115.02685546875,\n 34.89494244739732\n ],\n [\n -120.047607421875,\n 34.89494244739732\n ],\n [\n -120.047607421875,\n 32.704111144407406\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67ad35","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rupert, Michael G. mgrupert@usgs.gov","contributorId":1194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rupert","given":"Michael","email":"mgrupert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cannon, Susan H. cannon@usgs.gov","contributorId":1019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"Susan","email":"cannon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gartner, Joseph E. jegartner@usgs.gov","contributorId":1876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gartner","given":"Joseph","email":"jegartner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Michael, John A. jmichael@usgs.gov","contributorId":1877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"John","email":"jmichael@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":301296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Helsel, Dennis R.","contributorId":85569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helsel","given":"Dennis R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":97186,"text":"ofr20081374 - 2008 - Geochemical data from analyses of rock, sediment, water, and solid-phase leaching at the Tuba City Open Dump, Tuba City, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-29T12:09:07","indexId":"ofr20081374","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1374","title":"Geochemical data from analyses of rock, sediment, water, and solid-phase leaching at the Tuba City Open Dump, Tuba City, Arizona","docAbstract":"This report releases data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey from the Tuba City Open Dump area from January 2008 to September 2008 with cooperation from the U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs and the Navajo and Hopi Tribes. These data were collected in support of investigations into the possible sources and resulting transport of radionuclides and other dissolved constituents in the surrounding ground water from the Tuba City Open Dump. This report provides a discussion of data collection and analytical methods with the data in a tabular format.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081374","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Indian Affairs","usgsCitation":"Johnson, R.H., Otton, J.K., Horton, R., Gallegos, T.J., Choate, L.M., and Sullivan, J.E., 2008, Geochemical data from analyses of rock, sediment, water, and solid-phase leaching at the Tuba City Open Dump, Tuba City, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1374, Report: v, 10 p.; Downloads Directory; 11 Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081374.","productDescription":"Report: v, 10 p.; Downloads Directory; 11 Tables","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195628,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12170,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1374/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","city":"Tuba City","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.28333333333333,36.05 ], [ -111.28333333333333,36.2 ], [ -111.11666666666666,36.2 ], [ -111.11666666666666,36.05 ], [ -111.28333333333333,36.05 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae9e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Raymond H. rhjohnso@usgs.gov","contributorId":707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Raymond","email":"rhjohnso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":301288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Otton, James K. jkotton@usgs.gov","contributorId":1170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otton","given":"James","email":"jkotton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Horton, Robert 0000-0001-5578-3733 rhorton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5578-3733","contributorId":612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"Robert","email":"rhorton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gallegos, Tanya J. 0000-0003-3350-6473 tgallegos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3350-6473","contributorId":2206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallegos","given":"Tanya","email":"tgallegos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Choate, LaDonna M. 0000-0002-0229-7210 lchoate@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0229-7210","contributorId":1176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choate","given":"LaDonna","email":"lchoate@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sullivan, Jonah E.","contributorId":48658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"Jonah","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":97183,"text":"ofr20081307 - 2008 - Summary of Ground-Water Data for Brunswick County, North Carolina, Water Year 2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-08T11:44:30","indexId":"ofr20081307","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1307","title":"Summary of Ground-Water Data for Brunswick County, North Carolina, Water Year 2007","docAbstract":"Ground-water availability in Brunswick County, North Carolina, has been monitored continuously since 2000 through the operation and maintenance of ground-water-level observation wells in the surficial, Castle Hayne, Peedee, and Black Creek aquifers of the North Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifer system. Ground-water-resource conditions for the Brunswick County area were determined by relating the period-of-record normal (25th to 75th percentile) monthly mean groundwater- level and precipitation data to median monthly mean ground-water levels and monthly sum of daily precipitation for water year 2007. Summaries of precipitation and ground-water conditions for the Brunswick County area and hydrographs and statistics of continuous ground-water levels collected during the 2007 water year are presented in this report. Ground-water resource conditions varied by aquifer and geographic location within Brunswick County. Water levels were normal in 6 of the 11 observation wells, above normal in 1 well, and below normal in the remaining 4 wells.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081307","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Brunswick County, North Carolina","usgsCitation":"McSwain, K., 2008, Summary of Ground-Water Data for Brunswick County, North Carolina, Water Year 2007: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1307, iv, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081307.","productDescription":"iv, 39 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2006-10-01","temporalEnd":"2007-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198134,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12167,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1307/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","county":"Brunswick County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -78.75,33.75 ], [ -78.75,34.5 ], [ -77.75,34.5 ], [ -77.75,33.75 ], [ -78.75,33.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db69953f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McSwain, Kristen Bukowski","contributorId":104458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McSwain","given":"Kristen Bukowski","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":97189,"text":"ofr20081357 - 2008 - Total dissolved gas and water temperature in the lower Columbia River, Oregon and Washington, 2008: Quality-assurance data and comparison to water-quality standards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-04T21:54:14.337714","indexId":"ofr20081357","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1357","title":"Total dissolved gas and water temperature in the lower Columbia River, Oregon and Washington, 2008: Quality-assurance data and comparison to water-quality standards","docAbstract":"

Significant Findings 

\n

When water is released through the spillways of dams, air is entrained in the water, increasing the downstream concentration of dissolved gases. Excess dissolved-gas concentrations can have adverse effects on freshwater aquatic life. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, collected dissolved-gas and water-temperature data at eight monitoring stations on the lower Columbia River in Oregon and Washington in 2008. Significant findings from the data include:

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2008 - Temporal Geochemistry Data from Five Springs in the Cement Creek Watershed, San Juan County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:56","indexId":"ofr20071249","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1249","title":"Temporal Geochemistry Data from Five Springs in the Cement Creek Watershed, San Juan County, Colorado","docAbstract":"Temporal data from five springs in the Cement Creek watershed, San Juan County, Colorado provide seasonal geochemical data for further research in the formation of ferricretes. In addition, these data can be used to help understand the ground-water flow system. The resulting data demonstrate the difficulty in gathering reliable seasonal data from springs, show the unique geochemistry of each spring due to local geology, and provide seasonal trends in geochemistry for Tiger Iron Spring.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071249","usgsCitation":"Johnson, R.H., Wirt, L., and Leib, K.J., 2008, Temporal Geochemistry Data from Five Springs in the Cement Creek Watershed, San Juan County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1249, Report: iii, 11 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071249.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 11 p.; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2003-11-13","temporalEnd":"2004-10-31","costCenters":[{"id":213,"text":"Crustal Imaging and Characterization Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196269,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12161,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1249/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.83416666666666,37.75 ], [ -107.83416666666666,37.96666666666667 ], [ -107.5,37.96666666666667 ], [ -107.5,37.75 ], [ -107.83416666666666,37.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db685699","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Raymond H. rhjohnso@usgs.gov","contributorId":707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Raymond","email":"rhjohnso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":301262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wirt, Laurie","contributorId":13204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wirt","given":"Laurie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leib, Kenneth J. 0000-0002-0373-0768 kjleib@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0373-0768","contributorId":701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leib","given":"Kenneth","email":"kjleib@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":301261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":97176,"text":"ofr20081368 - 2008 - Electrical Resistivity and Seismic Surveys at the Nevada Test Site, Nevada, April 2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:50","indexId":"ofr20081368","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1368","title":"Electrical Resistivity and Seismic Surveys at the Nevada Test Site, Nevada, April 2007","docAbstract":"In April 2007, the USGS collected direct-current (DC) electrical resistivity data and shear- (S) and compressional- (P) wave seismic data to provide new detail of previously mapped, overlapping fault splays at two administrative areas in the Nevada Test Site (NTS). In NTS Area 7, we collected two-dimensional DC resistivity data along a transect crossing the Yucca Fault parallel to, and between, two transects along which resistivity data were collected in a previous study in 2006. In addition, we collected three-dimensional DC resistivity data in a grid that overlies part of the 2007 transect. The DC resistivity data show that the fault has a footwall that is more conductive than the hanging wall and an along-strike progression of the fault in a location where overlapping splays are present. Co-located with the northernmost of the two 2006 DC resistivity transects, we acquired S- and P-wave seismic data for both reflection and refraction processing. The S-wave data are corrupted by large amounts of converted (P-wave) energy likely due to the abundance of fractured caliche in the shallow subsurface. The P-wave data show minimal reflected energy, but they show clear refracted first arrivals. We have inverted these first arrival times to determine P-wave seismic velocity models. The seismic model for the transect in Area 7 shows low velocities extending to the base of the model at the location of the Yucca Fault, as well as low velocities at the eastern end of the transect, in the vicinity of the adjacent crater. These new surveys provide further detail about the geometry of the Yucca Fault in this location where it shows two overlapping splays.\r\n\r\nWe collected P- and S-wave seismic data along a transect in the southern part of NTS Area 2, corresponding with the location of a 2006 DC resistivity transect that targeted a set of small faults identified with field mapping. Again, the S-wave data are difficult to interpret. The P-wave data show clear first arrivals that we inverted, yielding a velocity model that shows lateral heterogeneity similar to the 2006 DC resistivity models. Finally, we collected P-wave data along a second transect in Area 2, located north of the first line and in an area of a very minor fault that was targeted by another 2006 DC resistivity survey. The P-wave refraction velocity model shows generally high velocities, with a zone of somewhat lower velocities in the central part of the transect. The position of the low velocity zone corresponds with the location of a minor fault, though it is unclear whether the two are related.\r\n\r\nTogether, these results demonstrate the value of geophysical data for mapping the subsurface extent of faults. The 2007 DC resistivity data complement the 2006 data and provide important new detail of the overlapping fault splays. The seismic data demonstrate the ability of P-wave refraction methods to identify the damage zones at faults, and they show the difficulties associated with S-wave methods in areas with caliche. Combining all of the geophysical data from the Area 7 studies, we are able to develop a coherent interpretation of the relation between the site geology, the fault, and the observations.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081368","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Site Office","usgsCitation":"Haines, S.S., Burton, B., Sweetkind, D., and Asch, T., 2008, Electrical Resistivity and Seismic Surveys at the Nevada Test Site, Nevada, April 2007: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1368, iv, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081368.","productDescription":"iv, 33 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2007-04-01","temporalEnd":"2007-04-30","costCenters":[{"id":213,"text":"Crustal Imaging and Characterization Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195348,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12160,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1368/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.08333333333333,37.0675 ], [ -116.08333333333333,37.134166666666665 ], [ -116.03333333333333,37.134166666666665 ], [ -116.03333333333333,37.0675 ], [ -116.08333333333333,37.0675 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db605601","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haines, Seth S. 0000-0003-2611-8165 shaines@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2611-8165","contributorId":1344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haines","given":"Seth","email":"shaines@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burton, Bethany L. 0000-0001-5011-7862 blburton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5011-7862","contributorId":1341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"Bethany L.","email":"blburton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":301257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sweetkind, Donald S.","contributorId":18732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sweetkind","given":"Donald S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Asch, Theodore H.","contributorId":83617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asch","given":"Theodore H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":97171,"text":"ofr20081294 - 2008 - Mapping vulnerability to disasters in Latin America and the Caribbean, 1900–2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-02T19:12:51.079978","indexId":"ofr20081294","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1294","title":"Mapping vulnerability to disasters in Latin America and the Caribbean, 1900–2007","docAbstract":"The vulnerability of a population and its infrastructure to disastrous events is a factor of both the probability of a hazardous event occurring and the community's ability to cope with the resulting impacts. Therefore, the ability to accurately identify vulnerable populations and places in order to prepare for future hazards is of critical importance for disaster mitigation programs. \r\n\r\nThis project created maps of higher spatial resolution of vulnerability to disaster in Latin America and the Caribbean from 1900 to 2007 by mapping disaster data by first-level administrative boundaries with the objective of identifying geographic trends in regional occurrences of disasters and vulnerable populations. The method of mapping by administrative level is an improvement on displaying and analyzing disasters at the country level and shows the relative intensity of vulnerability within and between countries in the region. Disaster mapping at the country level produces only a basic view of which countries experience various types of natural disasters. Through disaggregation, the data show which geographic areas of these countries, including populated areas, are historically most susceptible to different hazard types.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081294","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance","usgsCitation":"Maynard-Ford, M.C., Phillips, E.C., and Chirico, P., 2008, Mapping vulnerability to disasters in Latin America and the Caribbean, 1900–2007: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1294, iv, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081294.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1900-01-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":229,"text":"Earth Surface Processes Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195363,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":404698,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86252.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":12156,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1294/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"otherGeospatial":"Caribbean, Latin America","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -62.57812500000001,\n -56.55948248376223\n ],\n [\n -64.6875,\n -49.83798245308484\n ],\n [\n -30.937499999999996,\n -6.664607562172573\n ],\n [\n -47.4609375,\n 30.44867367928756\n ],\n [\n -82.96875,\n 24.84656534821976\n ],\n [\n -97.03125,\n 26.115985925333536\n ],\n [\n -106.875,\n 31.653381399664\n ],\n [\n -119.17968749999999,\n 32.84267363195431\n ],\n [\n -111.09374999999999,\n 19.642587534013032\n ],\n [\n -97.03125,\n 12.554563528593656\n ],\n [\n -83.671875,\n 5.965753671065536\n ],\n [\n -87.1875,\n -0.7031073524364783\n ],\n [\n -80.15625,\n -12.897489183755892\n ],\n [\n -73.47656249999999,\n -19.642587534013032\n ],\n [\n -78.3984375,\n -46.8000594467873\n ],\n [\n -77.34374999999999,\n -54.36775852406839\n ],\n [\n -71.015625,\n -56.94497418085159\n ],\n [\n -62.57812500000001,\n -56.55948248376223\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699f9c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maynard-Ford, Miriam C.","contributorId":31489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maynard-Ford","given":"Miriam","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phillips, Emily C.","contributorId":65189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Emily","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chirico, Peter G.","contributorId":27086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chirico","given":"Peter G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":97175,"text":"ofr20081277 - 2008 - Environmental settings of selected streams sampled for mercury in Oregon, Wisconsin, and Florida, 2002-06","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-28T18:42:45.601883","indexId":"ofr20081277","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1277","title":"Environmental settings of selected streams sampled for mercury in Oregon, Wisconsin, and Florida, 2002-06","docAbstract":"From 2002 through 2006, the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program conducted studies investigating mercury biogeochemistry and food-web bioaccumulation in eight streams from three distinct geographic areas of the United States. These streams varied greatly in environmental characteristics, including land-cover, hydrologic, climatic, and chemical characteristics. They ranged from a clear-water, high-gradient, low-percentage wetland stream in the Cascade Mountains of Oregon, to an urban stream near Milwaukee, Wisconsin, to a low-gradient, blackwater stream draining the Okefenokee and Pinhook Swamps along the Georgia-Florida border. This report summarizes the environmental settings of these eight streams.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081277","usgsCitation":"Bell, A.H., and Lutz, M., 2008, Environmental settings of selected streams sampled for mercury in Oregon, Wisconsin, and Florida, 2002-06: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1277, x, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081277.","productDescription":"x, 34 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2002-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":416519,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db60250f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bell, Amanda H. 0000-0002-7199-2145 ahbell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7199-2145","contributorId":1752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bell","given":"Amanda","email":"ahbell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lutz, Michelle A.","contributorId":32862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lutz","given":"Michelle A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":97173,"text":"ofr20081196 - 2008 - Enhanced Sidescan-Sonar Imagery Offshore of Southeastern Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-10T18:29:10","indexId":"ofr20081196","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1196","title":"Enhanced Sidescan-Sonar Imagery Offshore of Southeastern Massachusetts","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management (CZM) have been working cooperatively to map and study the coastal sea floor. The sidescan-sonar imagery collected during NOAA hydrographic surveys has been included as part of these studies. However, the original sonar imagery contains tonal artifacts from environmental noise (for example, sea state), equipment settings (for example, power and gain changes), and processing (for example, inaccurate cross-track and line-to-line normalization), which impart a quilt-like patchwork appearance to the mosaics. These artifacts can obscure the normalized backscatter properties of the sea floor. To address this issue, sidescan-sonar imagery from surveys H11076 and H11079 offshore of southeastern Massachusetts was enhanced by matching backscatter tones of adjacent sidescan-sonar lines. These mosaics provide continuous grayscale perspectives of the backscatter, more accurately reveal the sea-floor geologic trends, and minimize the environment-, acquisition-, and processing-related noise.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081196","usgsCitation":"Poppe, L., McMullen, K.Y., Williams, S.J., Ackerman, S.D., Glomb, K., and Forfinski, N., 2008, Enhanced Sidescan-Sonar Imagery Offshore of Southeastern Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1196, Available online, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081196.","productDescription":"Available online","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":680,"text":"Woods Hole Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198259,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12178,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1196/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -71.5,41 ], [ -71.5,42.75 ], [ -69.5,42.75 ], [ -69.5,41 ], [ -71.5,41 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db6026c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poppe, Lawrence J. lpoppe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poppe","given":"Lawrence J.","email":"lpoppe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":301249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McMullen, Kate Y.","contributorId":8582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMullen","given":"Kate","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, S. Jeffress 0000-0002-1326-7420 jwilliams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1326-7420","contributorId":2063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"S.","email":"jwilliams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Jeffress","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ackerman, Seth D. 0000-0003-0945-2794 sackerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0945-2794","contributorId":178676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"Seth","email":"sackerman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":301252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Glomb, K.A.","contributorId":67996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glomb","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Forfinski, N.A.","contributorId":13702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forfinski","given":"N.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":97151,"text":"ofr20081291 - 2008 - Floods of August and September 2004 in eastern Ohio: FEMA disaster declaration 1556","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-20T21:47:04.918824","indexId":"ofr20081291","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1291","title":"Floods of August and September 2004 in eastern Ohio: FEMA disaster declaration 1556","docAbstract":"A band of severe thunderstorms at the end of August 2004 and the passage of the remnants of Hurricanes Frances and Ivan during September 2004 caused severe flooding in eastern Ohio during August and September 2004. Record peak streamflow occurred at 12 U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) streamgages. Damages caused by the flooding produced by these storms were severe enough for 21 counties in eastern Ohio to be declared Federal disaster areas. In all, there were 4 storm- or flood-related deaths, 2,563 private structures damaged or destroyed, and an estimated $81 million in damages.\r\n\r\nThis report describes the meteorological factors that resulted in severe flooding in eastern Ohio during August 27-September 27, 2004, and examines the damages caused by the storms and flooding. Peak-stage, peak-streamflow, and recurrence-interval data are reported for selected USGS streamgages. Flood profiles determined by the USGS are presented for selected streams.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081291","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Ohio Emergency Management Agency","usgsCitation":"Ebner, A.D., Straub, D.E., and Lageman, J.D., 2008, Floods of August and September 2004 in eastern Ohio: FEMA disaster declaration 1556: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1291, viii, 104 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081291.","productDescription":"viii, 104 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2004-08-27","temporalEnd":"2004-09-27","costCenters":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195002,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12136,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1291/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":404174,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_85399.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.6667,\n 38.4106\n ],\n [\n -80.5192,\n 38.4106\n ],\n [\n -80.5192,\n 41.5\n ],\n [\n -82.6667,\n 41.5\n ],\n [\n -82.6667,\n 38.4106\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d9e4b07f02db5dfe3d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ebner, Andrew D. aebner@usgs.gov","contributorId":1849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ebner","given":"Andrew","email":"aebner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":301197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Straub, David E. destraub@usgs.gov","contributorId":1908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Straub","given":"David","email":"destraub@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":301198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lageman, Jonathan D. jlageman@usgs.gov","contributorId":1910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lageman","given":"Jonathan","email":"jlageman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":301199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":97145,"text":"ofr20081344 - 2008 - Comments on potential geologic and seismic hazards affecting proposed liquefied natural gas site in Santa Monica Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-15T20:57:29.361448","indexId":"ofr20081344","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1344","displayTitle":"Comments on Potential Geologic and Seismic Hazards Affecting Proposed Liquefied Natural Gas Site in Santa Monica Bay, California","title":"Comments on potential geologic and seismic hazards affecting proposed liquefied natural gas site in Santa Monica Bay, California","docAbstract":"In a letter to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) dated March 25, 2008, Representative Jane Harman (California 36th district) requested advice on geologic hazards that should be considered in the review of a proposed liquefied natural gas (LNG) facility off the California coast in Santa Monica Bay. In 2004, the USGS responded to a similar request from Representative Lois Capps, regarding two proposed LNG facilities offshore Ventura County, Calif., with a report summarizing potential geologic and seismic hazards (Ross and others, 2004).\r\n\r\nThe proposed LNG Deepwater Port (DWP) facility includes single point moorings (SPMs) and 35 miles of underwater pipelines. The DWP submersible buoys, manifolds, and risers would be situated on the floor of the southern Santa Monica Basin, in 3,000 feet of water, about 23 miles offshore of the Palos Verdes Peninsula. Twin 24-inch diameter pipelines would extend northeastward from the buoys across the basin floor, up the basin slope and across the continental shelf, skirting north around the Santa Monica submarine canyon. Figure 1 provides locations of the project and geologic features. Acronyms are defined in table 1.\r\n\r\nThis facility is being proposed in a region of known geologic hazards that arise from both the potential for strong earthquakes and geologic processes related to sediment transport and accumulation in the offshore environment. The probability of a damaging earthquake (considered here as magnitude 6.5 or greater) in the next 30 years within about 30 miles (50 km) of the proposed pipeline ranges from 16% at the pipeline's offshore end to 48% where it nears land (Petersen, 2008). Earthquakes of this magnitude are capable of producing strong shaking, surface fault offsets, liquefaction phenomena, landslides, underwater turbidity currents and debris flow avalanches, and tsunamis.\r\n\r\nAs part of the DWP license application for the Woodside Natural Gas proposal in Santa Monica Bay (known as the OceanWay Secure Energy Project), Fugro West, Inc., had already prepared a document discussing geologic hazards in the area, titled 'Exhibit B Topic Report 6 - Geological Resources' (Fugro West, Inc., 2007); hereafter, this will be called the 'Geological Resources document'. The USGS agreed to evaluate the information in the Geological Resources document regarding (1) proximity of active faults to the proposed project, (2) potential magnitude of seismic events from nearby faults, (3) thoroughness of the assessment of earthquake hazards in general, (4) potential hazards from ground rupture and strong shaking, (5) potential hazards from tsunamis, and (6) other geologic hazards including landslides and debris flows. Because two new earthquake probability reports were scheduled to be released in mid-April, 2008, by the USGS and the California Geological Survey (CGS), the USGS suggested a 6-month review period to enable a thorough incorporation of this new information.\r\n\r\nTwenty-seven scientists from the USGS and the CGS reviewed various sections of the Geological Resources document. This report outlines our major conclusions. The appendix is a longer list of comments by these reviewers, grouped by section of the Geological Resources document. Before discussing our reviews, we first provide a brief overview of geologic hazards in the proposed site area.\r\n\r\nThis report is a snapshot in time and any future work in the area will need to take into account ongoing research efforts. For example, USGS scientists collected seismic reflection data in the spring of 2008 to study the structure and seismic potential of several faults in the area. Their interpretations (Conrad and others, 2008a and 2008b) are too preliminary to be included in this report, but their final results, along with other researchers' studies in the project area, should be considered in any future work on the Deepwater Port project.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081344","usgsCitation":"Ross, S.L., Lee, H., Parsons, T.E., Beyer, L.A., Boore, D.M., Conrad, J.E., Edwards, B.D., Fisher, M.A., Frankel, A.D., Geist, E.L., Hudnut, K.W., Hough, S.E., Kayen, R., Lorenson, T., Luco, N., McCrory, P.A., McGann, M., Nathenson, M., Nolan, M., Petersen, M.D., Ponti, D.J., Powell, C.L., Ryan, H., Tinsley, J., Wills, C.J., Wong, F.L., and Xu, J., 2008, Comments on potential geologic and seismic hazards affecting proposed liquefied natural gas site in Santa Monica Bay, California (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1344, vi, 60 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081344.","productDescription":"vi, 60 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Record peak streamflow occurred at three U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) streamgages. Damages caused by the flooding resulting from these storms were severe enough that 25 counties in central and eastern Ohio were declared Federal disaster areas. In all, there were two storm- or flood-related deaths, 3,529 private structures damaged or destroyed, and an estimated $43 million in damages.\r\n\r\nThis report describes the meteorological factors that resulted in severe flooding in central and eastern Ohio between May 18 and June 21, 2004, and addresses the damages caused by the storms and flooding. Peak-stage, peak-streamflow, and recurrence-interval data are reported for selected USGS streamgages. Flood profiles determined by the USGS are presented for selected streams.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081290","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Ohio Emergency Management Agency","usgsCitation":"Ebner, A.D., Straub, D.E., and Lageman, J.D., 2008, Floods of May and June 2004 in central and eastern Ohio: FEMA disaster declaration 1519: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1290, vi, 85 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081290.","productDescription":"vi, 85 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2004-05-17","temporalEnd":"2004-06-21","costCenters":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195335,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403716,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_85398.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":12135,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1290/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.726806640625,\n 39.5633531658293\n ],\n [\n -80.584716796875,\n 39.5633531658293\n ],\n [\n -80.584716796875,\n 41.74672584176937\n ],\n [\n -83.726806640625,\n 41.74672584176937\n ],\n [\n -83.726806640625,\n 39.5633531658293\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d9e4b07f02db5df97f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ebner, Andrew D. aebner@usgs.gov","contributorId":1849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ebner","given":"Andrew","email":"aebner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":301194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Straub, David E. destraub@usgs.gov","contributorId":1908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Straub","given":"David","email":"destraub@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":301195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lageman, Jonathan D. jlageman@usgs.gov","contributorId":1910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lageman","given":"Jonathan","email":"jlageman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":301196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":97146,"text":"ofr20081296 - 2008 - A Review of Methods Applied by the U.S. Geological Survey in the Assessment of Identified Geothermal Resources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:30","indexId":"ofr20081296","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1296","title":"A Review of Methods Applied by the U.S. Geological Survey in the Assessment of Identified Geothermal Resources","docAbstract":"The U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) is conducting an updated assessment of geothermal resources in the United States. The primary method applied in assessments of identified geothermal systems by the USGS and other organizations is the volume method, in which the recoverable heat is estimated from the thermal energy available in a reservoir. An important focus in the assessment project is on the development of geothermal resource models consistent with the production histories and observed characteristics of exploited geothermal fields. The new assessment will incorporate some changes in the models for temperature and depth ranges for electric power production, preferred chemical geothermometers for estimates of reservoir temperatures, estimates of reservoir volumes, and geothermal energy recovery factors. Monte Carlo simulations are used to characterize uncertainties in the estimates of electric power generation. These new models for the recovery of heat from heterogeneous, fractured reservoirs provide a physically realistic basis for evaluating the production potential of natural geothermal reservoirs.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081296","usgsCitation":"Williams, C.F., Reed, M.J., and Mariner, R.H., 2008, A Review of Methods Applied by the U.S. Geological Survey in the Assessment of Identified Geothermal Resources (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1296, iii, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081296.","productDescription":"iii, 27 p.","costCenters":[{"id":647,"text":"Western Earth Surface Processes","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195142,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20081296.jpg"},{"id":12131,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1296/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4967e4b0b290850ef21f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, Colin F. 0000-0003-2196-5496 colin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2196-5496","contributorId":274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Colin","email":"colin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reed, Marshall J.","contributorId":9259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Marshall","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mariner, Robert H. rmariner@usgs.gov","contributorId":3290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mariner","given":"Robert","email":"rmariner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":301180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":97152,"text":"ofr20081265 - 2008 - Selected Ground-Water Data for Yucca Mountain Region, Southern Nevada and Eastern California, January-December 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:27","indexId":"ofr20081265","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1265","title":"Selected Ground-Water Data for Yucca Mountain Region, Southern Nevada and Eastern California, January-December 2005","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management, collected, compiled, and summarized hydrologic data in the Yucca Mountain region of southern Nevada and eastern California. These data were collected to allow assessments of ground-water resources during activities to determine the potential suitability or development of Yucca Mountain for storing high-level nuclear waste.\r\n\r\nData collected from January through December 2005 are provided for ground-water levels at 35 boreholes and 1 fissure (Devils Hole), ground-water discharge at 5 springs, ground-water levels and discharge at 1 flowing borehole, and total reported ground-water withdrawals within Crater Flat, Jackass Flats, Mercury Valley, and the Amargosa Desert. Ground-water level, discharge, and withdrawal data collected by other agencies, or as part of other programs, are provided.\r\n\r\nA statistical summary of ground-water levels at seven boreholes in Jackass Flats is presented for 1992-2005 to indicate potential effects of ground-water withdrawals associated with U.S. Department of Energy activities near Yucca Mountain. The statistical summary includes the annual number of measurements; maximum, minimum, and median water-level altitudes; and average deviation of measured water-level altitudes compared to the 1992-93 baseline period. At seven boreholes in Jackass Flats, median water levels for 2005 were slightly higher (0.4-2.7 feet) than the median water levels for 1992-93.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081265","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management of the U.S. Department of Energy, under Interagency Agreement DE-AI28-02RW12167","usgsCitation":"Locke, G.L., 2008, Selected Ground-Water Data for Yucca Mountain Region, Southern Nevada and Eastern California, January-December 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1265, vi, 63 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081265.","productDescription":"vi, 63 p.","temporalStart":"2005-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195143,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12137,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1265/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.25,36 ], [ -117.25,37.5 ], [ -115.5,37.5 ], [ -115.5,36 ], [ -117.25,36 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fa7ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Locke, Glenn L. gllocke@usgs.gov","contributorId":2479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Locke","given":"Glenn","email":"gllocke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":301200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":97159,"text":"ofr20081350 - 2008 - Speciation Methods Used to Assess Potential Health Effects of Toxic Metals in Environmental Materials","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:30","indexId":"ofr20081350","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1350","title":"Speciation Methods Used to Assess Potential Health Effects of Toxic Metals in Environmental Materials","docAbstract":"Assessing potential exposures to toxic metals or metalloids such as arsenic and chromium in environmental materials is important in protecting public health. The chemical form of an element in, or released from, a material is also important, since some forms, such as Cr(VI), are more toxic than others, for example, Cr(III). We have used a variety of procedures to assess potential exposures to hexavalent chromium in ash and burned soils from October 2007 southern California wildfires. Synthetic lung-fluid and de-ionized water extractions simulate release in the lungs and potential environmental releases due to rainfall. Extracts were analyzed for specific chromium and arsenic species using HPLC-ICP-MS methodology. Results indicate that the highly oxidizing environment in wildfires promotes some chromium conversion to Cr(VI), and that the caustic alkalinity of ash enhances Cr(VI) release and stability in lung fluids and rainfall.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081350","usgsCitation":"Wolf, R.E., Morman, S.A., and Plumlee, G.S., 2008, Speciation Methods Used to Assess Potential Health Effects of Toxic Metals in Environmental Materials: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1350, ii, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081350.","productDescription":"ii, 35 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2008-08-09","temporalEnd":"2008-08-15","costCenters":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195164,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12144,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1350/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db6351cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wolf, Ruth E. rwolf@usgs.gov","contributorId":903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolf","given":"Ruth","email":"rwolf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morman, Suzette A. 0000-0002-2532-1033 smorman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2532-1033","contributorId":996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morman","given":"Suzette","email":"smorman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Plumlee, Geoffrey S. 0000-0002-9607-5626 gplumlee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9607-5626","contributorId":960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plumlee","given":"Geoffrey","email":"gplumlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":97158,"text":"ofr20081334 - 2008 - Simultaneous Speciation of Arsenic, Selenium, and Chromium by HPLC-ICP-MS","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:12","indexId":"ofr20081334","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1334","title":"Simultaneous Speciation of Arsenic, Selenium, and Chromium by HPLC-ICP-MS","docAbstract":"An adaptation of an analytical method developed for chromium speciation has been utilized for the simultaneous determination of As(III), As(V), Se(IV), Se(VI), Cr(III), and Cr(VI) species using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation with ICP-MS detection. Reduction of interferences for the determination of As, Se, and Cr by ICP-MS is a major consideration for this method. Toward this end, a Dynamic Reaction Cell (DRC) ICP-MS system was used to detect the species eluted from the chromatographic column. A variety of reaction cell gases and conditions may be utilized, and the advantages and limitations of the gases tested to date will be presented and discussed. The separation and detection of the As, Se, and Cr species of interest can be achieved using the same chromatographic conditions in less than 2 minutes by complexing the Cr(III) with EDTA prior to injection on the HPLC column. Practical aspects of simultaneous speciation analysis will be presented and discussed, including issues with HPLC sample vial contamination, standard and sample contamination, species stability, and considerations regarding sample collection and preservation methods. The results of testing to determine the method's robustness to common concomitant element and anion effects will also be discussed. Finally, results will be presented using the method for the analysis of a variety of environmental and geological samples including waters, soil leachates and simulated bio-fluid leachates.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081334","usgsCitation":"Wolf, R.E., Morman, S.A., Morrison, J.M., and Lamothe, P.J., 2008, Simultaneous Speciation of Arsenic, Selenium, and Chromium by HPLC-ICP-MS (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1334, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081334.","productDescription":"27 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2008-01-06","temporalEnd":"2008-01-12","costCenters":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196180,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12143,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1334/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4833e4b07f02db4ec50b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wolf, Ruth E. rwolf@usgs.gov","contributorId":903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolf","given":"Ruth","email":"rwolf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morman, Suzette A. 0000-0002-2532-1033 smorman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2532-1033","contributorId":996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morman","given":"Suzette","email":"smorman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morrison, Jean M. 0000-0002-6614-8783 jmorrison@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6614-8783","contributorId":994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrison","given":"Jean","email":"jmorrison@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lamothe, Paul J. plamothe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamothe","given":"Paul","email":"plamothe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":301215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":97144,"text":"ofr20081312 - 2008 - Sediment deposition, erosion, and bathymetric change in central San Francisco Bay: 1855-1979","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-07T21:02:11.523395","indexId":"ofr20081312","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1312","title":"Sediment deposition, erosion, and bathymetric change in central San Francisco Bay: 1855-1979","docAbstract":"

Central San Francisco Bay is the hub of a dynamic estuarine system connecting the San Joaquin and Sacramento River Deltas, Suisun Bay, and San Pablo Bay to the Pacific Ocean and South San Francisco Bay. To understand the role that Central San Francisco Bay plays in sediment transport throughout the system, it is necessary to first determine historical changes in patterns of sediment deposition and erosion from both natural and anthropogenic forces.

The first extensive hydrographic survey of Central San Francisco Bay was conducted in 1853 by the National Ocean Service (NOS) (formerly the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey (USCGS)). From 1894 to 1979, four additional surveys, composed of a total of approximately 700,000 bathymetric soundings, were collected within Central San Francisco Bay. Converting these soundings into accurate bathymetric models involved many steps. The soundings were either hand digitized directly from the original USCGS and NOS hydrographic sheets (H-sheets) or obtained digitally from the National Geophysical Data Center's (NGDC) Geophysical Data System (GEODAS) (National Geophysical Data Center, 1996). Soundings were supplemented with contours that were either taken directly from the H-sheets or added in by hand. Shorelines and marsh areas were obtained from topographic sheets. The digitized soundings, depth contours, shorelines, and marsh areas were entered into a geographic information system (GIS) and georeferenced to a common horizontal datum. Using surface modeling software, bathymetric grids with a horizontal resolution of 25 m were developed for each of the five hydrographic surveys. Before analyses of sediment deposition and erosion were conducted, interpolation bias was removed and all of the grids were converted to a common vertical datum. These bathymetric grids were then used to develop bathymetric change maps for subsequent survey periods and to determine long-term changes in deposition and erosion by calculating volumes and rates of net sediment change.

Central San Francisco Bay experienced periods of both deposition and erosion, but overall experienced a net gain in sediment from 1855 to 1979 of approximately 42x106 m3 (0.33x106 m3 / yr). Over this same time period, 92 percent of the tidal marsh and 69 percent of the intertidal mudflats were lost as human activity increased and the shorefront was developed. During the first time period, from 1855 to 1895, Central San Francisco Bay was erosional, losing roughly 2x106 m3 / yr of sediment. The next time period was depositional, with a net gain of approximately 3x106 m3 / yr of sediment from 1895 to 1947. The last time period, from 1947 to 1979, was erosional again, losing roughly 2x106 m3 / yr of sediment. Sedimentation patterns also varied spatially. The northern part of Central San Francisco Bay was depositional during all change periods while the eastern region alternated between erosional and depositional.

Central San Francisco Bay sedimentation patterns have also been strongly impacted by anthropogenic activities, such as dredging and dredge disposal, borrow pits, and sand mining. For example, bathymetric change at a borrow pit created near Bay Farm Island sometime between the 1947 and 1979 surveys indicates roughly 25x106 m3 of sediment was removed from the system

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081312","usgsCitation":"Fregoso, T.A., Foxgrover, A., and Jaffe, B.E., 2008, Sediment deposition, erosion, and bathymetric change in central San Francisco Bay: 1855-1979 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1312, v, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081312.","productDescription":"v, 41 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195699,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20081312.PNG"},{"id":316660,"rank":101,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1312/of2008-1312.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":12129,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1312/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":403237,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_85394.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.59368896484374,\n 37.69903420794415\n ],\n [\n -122.18719482421874,\n 37.69903420794415\n ],\n [\n -122.18719482421874,\n 37.99183365313853\n ],\n [\n -122.59368896484374,\n 37.99183365313853\n ],\n [\n -122.59368896484374,\n 37.69903420794415\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fc167","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fregoso, Theresa A.","contributorId":67181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fregoso","given":"Theresa","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foxgrover, Amy C.","contributorId":45775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foxgrover","given":"Amy C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jaffe, Bruce E. 0000-0002-8816-5920 bjaffe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8816-5920","contributorId":2049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaffe","given":"Bruce","email":"bjaffe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":97147,"text":"ofr20081343 - 2008 - Report on the Aseismic Slip, Tremor, and Earthquakes Workshop","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-18T09:43:53","indexId":"ofr20081343","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1343","title":"Report on the Aseismic Slip, Tremor, and Earthquakes Workshop","docAbstract":"This report summarizes the discussions and information presented during the workshop on Aseismic Slip, Tremor, and Earthquakes. Workshop goals included improving coordination among those involved in conducting research related to these phenomena, assessing the implications for earthquake hazard assessment, and identifying ways to capitalize on the education and outreach opportunities presented by these phenomena. Research activities of focus included making, disseminating, and analyzing relevant measurements; the relationships among tremor, aseismic or 'slow-slip', and earthquakes; and discovering the underlying causative physical processes. More than 52 participants contributed to the workshop, held February 25-28, 2008 in Sidney, British Columbia. The workshop was sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey, the National Science Foundation?s Earthscope Program and UNAVCO Consortium, and the Geological Survey of Canada. \r\n\r\nThis report has five parts. In the first part, we integrate the information exchanged at the workshop as it relates to advancing our understanding of earthquake generation and hazard. In the second part, we summarize the ideas and concerns discussed in workshop working groups on Opportunities for Education and Outreach, Data and Instrumentation, User and Public Needs, and Research Coordination. The third part presents summaries of the oral presentations. The oral presentations are grouped as they were at the workshop in the categories of phenomenology, underlying physical processes, and implications for earthquake hazards. The fourth part contains the meeting program and the fifth part lists the workshop participants. References noted in parentheses refer to the authors of presentations made at the workshop, and published references are noted in square brackets and listed in the Reference section. Appendix A contains abstracts of all participant presentations and posters, which also have been posted online, along with presentations and author contact information at http://www.earthscope.org/science/cascadia.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081343","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Earthscope, UNAVCO, the National Science Foundation and the Geological Survey of Canada","usgsCitation":"Gomberg, J., Roeloffs, E., Trehu, A., Dragert, H., and Meertens, C., 2008, Report on the Aseismic Slip, Tremor, and Earthquakes Workshop (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1343, 77 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081343.","productDescription":"77 p. 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Widespread rain showers during January 2005 combined with this snowmelt to cause flooding throughout Ohio and mudslides in some areas. Record peak streamflows occurred at nine U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) streamgages. Damages caused by the snowstorms, flooding, and mudslides were severe enough for 62 counties in Ohio to be declared Federal disaster areas. In all, approximately 3,664 private structures were damaged or destroyed, and an estimated $238 million in damages occurred.\r\n\r\nThis report describes the meteorological factors that resulted in severe flooding throughout Ohio between December 22, 2004, and February 1, 2005, and examines the damages caused by the storms and flooding. Peak-stage, peak-streamflow, and recurrence-interval data are reported for selected USGS streamgages. Flood profiles determined by the USGS are presented for selected streams.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081289","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Ohio Emergency Management Agency","usgsCitation":"Ebner, A.D., Straub, D.E., and Lageman, J.D., 2008, Floods of December 2004 and January 2005 in Ohio: FEMA Disaster Declaration 1580: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1289, viii, 98 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081289.","productDescription":"viii, 98 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2004-12-22","temporalEnd":"2005-02-01","costCenters":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195739,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":404853,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d9e4b07f02db5dfe1c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ebner, Andrew D. aebner@usgs.gov","contributorId":1849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ebner","given":"Andrew","email":"aebner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":301191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Straub, David E. destraub@usgs.gov","contributorId":1908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Straub","given":"David","email":"destraub@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":301192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lageman, Jonathan D. jlageman@usgs.gov","contributorId":1910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lageman","given":"Jonathan","email":"jlageman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":301193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":97137,"text":"ofr20081359 - 2008 - Bathymetric and hydraulic survey of the Matanuska River near Circle View Estates, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-23T10:35:45","indexId":"ofr20081359","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1359","title":"Bathymetric and hydraulic survey of the Matanuska River near Circle View Estates, Alaska","docAbstract":"

An acoustic Doppler current profiler interfaced with a differentially corrected global positioning system was used to map bathymetry and multi-dimensional velocities on the Matanuska River near Circle View Estates, Alaska. Data were collected along four spur dikes and a bend in the river during a period of active bank erosion. These data were collected as part of a larger investigation into channel processes being conducted to aid land managers with development of a long-term management plan for land near the river. The banks and streambed are composed of readily erodible material and the braided channels frequently scour and migrate. Lateral channel migration has resulted in the periodic loss of properties and structures along the river for decades.

For most of the survey, discharge of the Matanuska River was less than the 25th percentile of long-term streamflow. Despite this relatively low flow, measured water velocities were as high as 15 feet per second. The survey required a unique deployment of the acoustic Doppler current profiler in a tethered boat that was towed by a small inflatable raft. Data were collected along cross sections and longitudinal profiles. The bathymetric and velocity data document river conditions before the installation of an additional spur dike in 2006 and during a period of bank erosion. Data were collected along 1,700 feet of river in front of the spur dikes and along 1,500 feet of an eroding bank.

Data collected at the nose of spur dikes 2, 3, and 4 were selected to quantify the flow hydraulics at the locations subject to the highest velocities. The measured velocities and flow depths were greatest at the nose of the downstream-most spur dike. The maximum point velocity at the spur dike nose was 13.3 feet per second and the maximum depth-averaged velocity was 11.6 feet per second. The maximum measured depth was 12.0 feet at the nose of spur dike 4 and velocities greater than 10 feet per second were measured to a depth of 10 feet.

Data collected along an eroding bank provided details of the spatial distribution and variability in magnitude of velocities and flow depths while erosion was taking place. Erosion was concentrated in an area just downstream of the apex of a river bend. Measured velocities and flow depths were greater in the apex of the bend than in the area of maximum bank erosion. The maximum measured velocity was 12.9 feet per second at the apex and 11.2 feet per second in front of the eroding bank. The maximum measured depth was 10.2 feet at the apex and 5.2 feet in front of the eroding bank.

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