GLORIA side-scan imagery of the region north of Oahu was collected during two cruises in the spring of 1988. These cruises, F4-88-HW and F6-88-HW, discovered an extensive lava flow field on the Hawaiian Arch and extensive landslide deposits that moved down through the Hawaiian Moat and up onto the Hawaiian Arch. These landslide deposits were apparently derived from two separate submarine failures on the north side of Molokai and the northeast side of Oahu. The cruise reports for these cruises will be released as USGS Open-File Reports in 1989.
This report summarizes the results of a subsequent cruise, F11-88-HW on the R/V Farnella, to sample some of the features discovered during the prior GLORIA surveys. Cruise F11-88-HW began in Honolulu on Oct. 25, 1988 and ended in Honolulu on Nov. 7, 1988. The major objectives of the cruise were to sample the giant lava field north of Oahu (Figure 1), to sample an apparently young flow between Oahu and Kauai (Figure 2) , to do some preliminary sampling of the deposits of the Nuuanu giant landslide northnortheast of Oahu, and to determine the thickness of sediment on flows in this lava field to compare to the acoustic backscatter variations observed in the GLORIA imagery of the flow field.
These objectives were modified during the cruise due to rough seas which limited the deployment of the camera sled and to problems with the coring equipment which limited us to collecting 10 ft gravity cores. In particular, we did not complete any work aimed directly at the Nuuanu landslide deposits. The comparison of sediment thickness on the flows to observed acoustic backscatter on the GLORIA images was not completed because flows with intermediate backscatter were found to have thicker sediment than we could sample. The other objectives were achieved and lava samples of the flows and vents of the flow field were recovered from 23 locations. Gravity cores on top of the flows also determined the sediment thickness at 12 locations. The flow between Oahu and Kauai was sampled and photographed and found to be young, but clearly not historic in age.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr89109","usgsCitation":"Clague, D.A., Holcomb, R.T., Torresan, M.E., and Ross, S.L., 1989, Shipboard report for Hawaii GLORIA ground-truth cruise F11-88-HW, 25 Oct.-7 Nov., 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-109, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr89109.","productDescription":"33 p.","numberOfPages":"33","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":40515,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0109/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":143698,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0109/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fae4b07f02db5f401f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clague, David A.","contributorId":77105,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clague","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holcomb, Robin T.","contributorId":46938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holcomb","given":"Robin","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Torresan, Michael E. mtorresan@usgs.gov","contributorId":4392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torresan","given":"Michael","email":"mtorresan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":165804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ross, Stephanie L. 0000-0003-1389-4405 sross@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1389-4405","contributorId":1024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"Stephanie","email":"sross@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":165806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":27827,"text":"wri894079 - 1989 - Analysis of the effect of pumping on ground-water flow in the Springfield Plateau and Ozark aquifers near Springfield, Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:40","indexId":"wri894079","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4079","title":"Analysis of the effect of pumping on ground-water flow in the Springfield Plateau and Ozark aquifers near Springfield, Missouri","docAbstract":"Pumpage of water from the Ozark aquifer for public supply and industry use by the city of Springfield and surrounding communities in southwestern Missouri has significantly altered the potentiometric surface of the aquifer. Springfield is located on a regional groundwater divide that trends east and west across southern Missouri. Groundwater that once flowed north and south from the divide now moves toward Springfield. Drawdown in the Ozark aquifer beneath Springfield has increased about 50 ft near the center of the city since 1974. The area of well influence also has increased, most notably to the south and southwest, because of increased pumpage by Springfield and new groundwater withdrawals in rapidly increasing communities, such as Republic and Nixa. Changes in the potentiometric surface of the Ozark aquifer, and to a lesser extent the Springfield Plateau aquifer, resulting from stresses applied by pumpage of water supply wells has altered the hydrologic budget of the Springfield area. Downward leakage of groundwater through the Ozark confining unit has increased from about 10 cu ft/sec to about 18 cu ft/sec because drawdown in the Ozark aquifer has resulted in an increased vertical hydraulic gradient across the confining unit. Minimal quantities of water are supplied by increased upward leakage through the St. Francois confining unit. Model simulations indicate substantial quantities of water are still (1987) being removed from storage within the Ozark and Springfield Plateau aquifers and the hydrologic system is not in equilibrium at this time. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri894079","usgsCitation":"Imes, J., 1989, Analysis of the effect of pumping on ground-water flow in the Springfield Plateau and Ozark aquifers near Springfield, Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4079, vii, 63 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894079.","productDescription":"vii, 63 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124040,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4079/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56660,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4079/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acee4b07f02db67f5d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Imes, J. L.","contributorId":61428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Imes","given":"J. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":61310,"text":"mf1964 - 1989 - Map showing late Quaternary faults and 1978-84 seismicity of the Los Angeles region, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-10T14:31:20.709024","indexId":"mf1964","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1964","title":"Map showing late Quaternary faults and 1978-84 seismicity of the Los Angeles region, California","docAbstract":"The Los Angeles region of California faces the greatest seismic risk of any part of the United States. The region is inhabited by more than 11 million people and is one of the Nation's key commercial and industrial centers. It lies astride a web of potentially active faults, including those segments of the San Andreas fault with the highest probability for generating a great earthquake during the next 30 years (Lindh, 1983; Sykes and Nishenko, 1984; Wesson and Wallace, 1985; U.S. Geological Survey, 1988). Moreover, many potentially active faults that can generate moderate-size, but damaging earthquakes lie within the metropolitan areas. Earthquakes along some of these faults—for example, a magnitude 6.5 event on the Newport-Inglewood zone—could produce losses exceeding those from a great earthquake on the more distant San Andreas fault (Evernden and Thomson, 1985).
This map shows, at 1:250,000 scale, known or suspected late Quaternary faults of the Los Angeles region, the ages of their most recent surface movements, and the associated earthquake activity for a recent 7-year period (1978 through 1984). The geologic and seismologic character of these faults and their potential for generating damaging earthquakes recently were evaluated by Ziony and Yerkes (1985). The map is intended primarily to inform scientists, engineers, and planners of the distribution of those faults that may have a potential for generating damaging earthquakes and (or) displacements of the Earth's surface. The map data also should contribute to further investigations of the seismotectonic setting of the Los Angeles region.
The mapped area extends from lat 33°15' N. to 34°45' N. and from long 116°45' W. to 120°00' W. This region encompasses parts of the Transverse Ranges (including the Santa Ynez, Santa Susana, Santa Monica, San Gabriel, and San Bernardino Mountains), the Los Angeles basin, part of the Mojave Desert, and segments of the Peninsular Ranges (including the Puente Hills, Santa Ana Mountains, and the northern San Jacinto Mountains). Offshore, it includes the eastern Santa Barbara Channel, several of the Channel Islands, the Santa Monica and San Pedro basins, Santa Catalina Island, and part of the Gulf of Santa Catalina.
In addition to the Los Angeles metropolitan area, the cities of Santa Barbara, Ventura, Riverside, and San Bernardino are within the map area.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf1964","usgsCitation":"Ziony, J., and Jones, L.M., 1989, Map showing late Quaternary faults and 1978-84 seismicity of the Los Angeles region, California: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1964, Report: 23 p.; 1 Plate: 50.06 x 33.90 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1964.","productDescription":"Report: 23 p.; 1 Plate: 50.06 x 33.90 inches","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":400390,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1964/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":400389,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1964/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":180283,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1964/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"250000","projection":"National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929","country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Los Angeles","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120,33.25 ], [ -120,34.75 ], [ -116.75,34.75 ], [ -116.75,33.25 ], [ -120,33.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b42fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ziony, Joseph I.","contributorId":16829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ziony","given":"Joseph I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, Lucile M. jones@usgs.gov","contributorId":1014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Lucile","email":"jones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":265368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":14149,"text":"ofr89214 - 1989 - A direct method for calculating instrument noise levels in side-by-side seismometer evaluations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-10T11:08:50","indexId":"ofr89214","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-214","title":"A direct method for calculating instrument noise levels in side-by-side seismometer evaluations","docAbstract":"The subject of determining the inherent system noise levels present in modem broadband closed loop seismic sensors has been an evolving topic ever since closed loop systems became available. Closed loop systems are unique in that the system noise can not be determined via a blocked mass test as in older conventional open loop seismic sensors. Instead, most investigators have resorted to performing measurements on two or more systems operating in close proximity to one another and to analyzing the outputs of these systems with respect to one another to ascertain their relative noise levels.
The analysis of side-by-side relative performance is inherently dependent on the accuracy of the mathematical modeling of the test configuration. This report presents a direct approach to extracting the system noise levels of two linear systems with a common coherent input signal. The mathematical solution to the problem is incredibly simple; however the practical application of the method encounters some difficulties. Examples of expected accuracies are presented as derived by simulating real systems performance using computer generated random noise. In addition, examples of the performance of the method when applied to real experimental test data are shown.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr89214","usgsCitation":"Holcomb, L.G., 1989, A direct method for calculating instrument noise levels in side-by-side seismometer evaluations: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-214, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr89214.","productDescription":"35 p.","costCenters":[{"id":122,"text":"Albuquerque Seismological Laboratory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":42797,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0214/ofr89-214.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.77 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 1989-0214"},{"id":145496,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0214/coverthb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4953e4b0b290850ef0df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holcomb, L. Gary","contributorId":26308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holcomb","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"Gary","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27851,"text":"wri894027 - 1989 - A numerical solution for the diffusion equation in hydrogeologic systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-30T20:57:46","indexId":"wri894027","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4027","title":"A numerical solution for the diffusion equation in hydrogeologic systems","docAbstract":"The documentation of a computer code for the numerical solution of the linear diffusion equation in one or two dimensions in Cartesian or cylindrical coordinates is presented. Applications of the program include molecular diffusion, heat conduction, and fluid flow in confined systems. The flow media may be anisotropic and heterogeneous. The model is formulated by replacing the continuous linear diffusion equation by discrete finite-difference approximations at each node in a block-centered grid. The resulting matrix equation is solved by the method of preconditioned conjugate gradients. The conjugate gradient method does not require the estimation of iteration parameters and is guaranteed convergent in the absence of rounding error. The matrixes are preconditioned to decrease the steps to convergence. The model allows the specification of any number of boundary conditions for any number of stress periods, and the output of a summary table for selected nodes showing flux and the concentration of the flux quantity for each time step. The model is written in a modular format for ease of modification. The model was verified by comparison of numerical and analytical solutions for cases of molecular diffusion, two-dimensional heat transfer, and axisymmetric radial saturated fluid flow. Application of the model to a hypothetical two-dimensional field situation of gas diffusion in the unsaturated zone is demonstrated. The input and output files are included as a check on program installation. The definition of variables, input requirements, flow chart, and program listing are included in the attachments. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nCopies of the report can be purchased from Books and Open-File Reports Section,","doi":"10.3133/wri894027","usgsCitation":"Ishii, A.L., Healy, R.W., and Striegl, R.G., 1989, A numerical solution for the diffusion equation in hydrogeologic systems: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4027, viii, 86 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894027.","productDescription":"viii, 86 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":56672,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4027/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":2169,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://il.water.usgs.gov/pubsearch/reports.cgi/view?series=WRIR&number=89-4027","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":124299,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4027/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b20e4b07f02db6ab940","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ishii, A. L.","contributorId":61464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ishii","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Healy, R. W.","contributorId":89872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healy","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Striegl, Robert G. 0000-0002-8251-4659 rstriegl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8251-4659","contributorId":1630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Striegl","given":"Robert","email":"rstriegl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":198780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":28709,"text":"wri874272 - 1989 - Hydrology of the Castle Lake blockage, Mount St. Helens, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-03T21:40:12.647391","indexId":"wri874272","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4272","title":"Hydrology of the Castle Lake blockage, Mount St. Helens, Washington","docAbstract":"The debris avalanche that occurred during the May 19, 1980, eruption of Mount St. Helens blocked South Fork Castle Creek and created Castle Lake. Stability of the blockage was of concern, and a digital model that simulates three-dimensional groundwater movement in the blockage was constructed as part of the analysis used in a follow-up study that assessed the blockage 's stability. Slug test results in the debris avalanche deposits and model results indicate that the average horizontal hydraulic conductivity of the blockage material is approximately 2.5 ft/day, whereas the ratio of horizontal to vertical hydraulic conductivity is approximately 10 to 1. The model was calibrated to seasonally high groundwater levels and groundwater discharge. Model-predicted recharge rates for this time period were 0.97 cu ft/sec. Most of the recharge (81%) results from the infiltration of precipitation, whereas discharge by seeps through the blockage accounts for 81% of the total discharge. Because water levels under the crest of the blockage are higher than lake level, the movement of groundwater is toward the lake and the toe of the blockage. The model allows the water levels to be estimated at any location in the blockage. This information is required for making estimates of the stability of the blockage against failure by gravitational-induced or earthquake-induced slope failure, liquefaction, the process of seepage erosion, or by erosion.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri874272","usgsCitation":"Meyer, W., and Sabol, M.A., 1989, Hydrology of the Castle Lake blockage, Mount St. Helens, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4272, iv, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874272.","productDescription":"iv, 25 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":395412,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46917.htm"},{"id":124043,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4272/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57545,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4272/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Castle Lake blockage, Mount St, Helens","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.31285095214842,\n 46.24884345903478\n ],\n [\n -122.26221084594725,\n 46.24884345903478\n ],\n [\n -122.26221084594725,\n 46.275190434531005\n ],\n [\n -122.31285095214842,\n 46.275190434531005\n ],\n [\n -122.31285095214842,\n 46.24884345903478\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b12e4b07f02db6a24a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meyer, William","contributorId":87538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sabol, M. A.","contributorId":36178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sabol","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":27500,"text":"wri874020 - 1989 - Measurement of reaeration coefficients for selected Florida streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:44","indexId":"wri874020","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4020","title":"Measurement of reaeration coefficients for selected Florida streams","docAbstract":"A total of 29 separate reaeration coefficient determinations were performed on 27 subreaches of 12 selected Florida streams between October 1981 and May 1985. Measurements performed prior to June 1984 were made using the peak and area methods with ethylene and propane as the tracer gases. Later measurements utilized the steady-state method with propane as the only tracer gas. The reaeration coefficients ranged from 1.07 to 45.9 days with a mean estimated probable error of +/16.7%. Ten predictive equations (compiled from the literature) were also evaluated using the measured coefficients. The most representative equation was one of the energy dissipation type with a standard error of 60.3%. Seven of the 10 predictive additional equations were modified using the measured coefficients and nonlinear regression techniques. The most accurate of the developed equations was also of the energy dissipation form and had a standard error of 54.9%. For 5 of the 13 subreaches in which both ethylene and propane were used, the ethylene data resulted in substantially larger reaeration coefficient values which were rejected. In these reaches, ethylene concentrations were probably significantly affected by one or more electrophilic addition reactions known to occur in aqueous media. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri874020","usgsCitation":"Hampson, P.S., and Coffin, J., 1989, Measurement of reaeration coefficients for selected Florida streams: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4020, vi, 81 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874020.","productDescription":"vi, 81 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124021,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4020/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56350,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4020/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a28e4b07f02db6111a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hampson, P. S.","contributorId":58677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hampson","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coffin, J.E.","contributorId":75913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coffin","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28626,"text":"wri874124 - 1989 - Estimation of the recharge area of a pumped, stratified-drift aquifer in Connecticut by simulation modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:47","indexId":"wri874124","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4124","title":"Estimation of the recharge area of a pumped, stratified-drift aquifer in Connecticut by simulation modeling","docAbstract":"Groundwater quality management plans in Connecticut require information about the size and shape of recharge areas that contribute flow to pumping centers in extensive, stratified-drift aquifers. Flow models of a hypothetical aquifer , and a stratified-drift aquifer in Farmington are used to evaluate how contributing areas change in response to variations in recharge and hydraulic conductivity. A series of simulations of a hypothetical aquifer model were made during which average annual recharge rates of 0, 15, 25, and 35 inches were combined with aquifer hydraulic conductivity values of 25, 75, and 225 ft/day. Under steady-state conditions, and a withdrawal rate of 1.2 million gal/day, the size of the contributing recharge area ranges from 0.16 to 0.75 sq mi as recharge from precipitation and average aquifer hydraulic conductivity range from highest to lowest values. Three simulations of the Farmington aquifer model were made: they assumed steady-state conditions, a withdrawal rate of 2.8 million gal/day, and combinations of recharge and aquifer hydraulic conductivity that represented highest, average and lowest rates. The size of the contributing recharge area, under these conditions, ranges from 0.89 to 1.94 sq mi. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri874124","usgsCitation":"Mazzaferro, D., 1989, Estimation of the recharge area of a pumped, stratified-drift aquifer in Connecticut by simulation modeling: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4124, vi, 100 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874124.","productDescription":"vi, 100 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124022,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4124/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57456,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4124/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57457,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4124/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57458,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4124/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57459,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4124/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57460,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4124/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb1bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mazzaferro, D. L.","contributorId":75579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mazzaferro","given":"D. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30172,"text":"wri864331 - 1989 - Effect of urban runoff on the quality of lakes in Eagan, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T11:39:22","indexId":"wri864331","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4331","title":"Effect of urban runoff on the quality of lakes in Eagan, Minnesota","docAbstract":"Sixteen lakes in the city of Eagan, Minnesota, were sampled during 1982-83 to detect water-quality changes that might have occurred because of urbanization since a previous study conducted during 1972-78. Each of the lakes was sampled five times to determine pH, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, water temperature, transparency, and concentration of dissolved chloride. Three determinations of chlorophyll were made for each of the lakes near the end of the study, and additional determinations were made for a few lakes of particular interest.
\nMost of the lakes have been incorporated into the city's storm-runoff system for use as retention basins during large storms. The chemistry of the lakes appears to be degraded by urban runoff. Chloride concentrations were significantly higher in six lakes than during the previous study, and remained elevated (about 30 milligrams per liter) in four other lakes. The association between increased chloride and specific conductance with runoff from urban areas suggests that the lakes are subject to contamination by chloride commonly present in urban runoff, and chloride concentrations harmful to aquatic life may have been associated with high specific conductance measured in one of the lakes.
\nAnalysis of the data collected for this study indicate that the chemistry of the lakes changes, adjusting to a variety of influences including (1) alternate loading and flushing by runoff, (2) excessive average-annual precipitation, (3) changing ground-water and lake interactions, and (4) changing land use in the lake watersheds. Some lakes affected by urban runoff had reduced concentrations of total phosphorus; however, other lakes unaffected by urban runoff also had significantly lower phosphorus, suggesting that increased precipitation may have diluted the lake water. Ten phosphorus-loading models tested or developed during the previous study generally were found to be inadequate for describing the results of this study. The trophic status of 12 lakes improved but declined in the other 4 lakes, and productivity increased 38 percent in what had been the least-eutrophic lake.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri864331","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the city of Eagan, Minnesota","usgsCitation":"Tornes, L., 1989, Effect of urban runoff on the quality of lakes in Eagan, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4331, iv, 64 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864331.","productDescription":"iv, 64 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":119669,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4331/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58973,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4331/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","city":"Eagan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.10895919799805,\n 44.86195288021061\n ],\n [\n -93.10741424560545,\n 44.77464578614771\n ],\n [\n -93.23152542114258,\n 44.77428020677966\n ],\n [\n -93.22998046875,\n 44.8278737920029\n ],\n [\n -93.22551727294922,\n 44.82957822522573\n ],\n [\n -93.21521759033203,\n 44.83615199553088\n ],\n [\n -93.20938110351561,\n 44.84114269070498\n ],\n [\n -93.20680618286133,\n 44.84625466193982\n ],\n [\n -93.20388793945312,\n 44.8523397505366\n ],\n [\n -93.2028579711914,\n 44.858059147643786\n ],\n [\n -93.2025146484375,\n 44.86207455511034\n ],\n [\n -93.18775177001953,\n 44.860736117070026\n ],\n [\n -93.15668106079102,\n 44.861466178040175\n ],\n [\n -93.14809799194336,\n 44.861709529639704\n ],\n [\n -93.1450080871582,\n 44.86243957826663\n ],\n [\n -93.13093185424805,\n 44.862561252137745\n ],\n [\n -93.11256408691406,\n 44.86243957826663\n ],\n [\n -93.10895919799805,\n 44.86195288021061\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae799","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tornes, L. H.","contributorId":103675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tornes","given":"L. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27533,"text":"wri884172 - 1989 - Aquifer-system compaction, Tucson Basin and Avra Valley, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:47","indexId":"wri884172","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4172","title":"Aquifer-system compaction, Tucson Basin and Avra Valley, Arizona","docAbstract":"Groundwater declines of several ft/yr since the 1940 's have induced aquifer-system compaction and land subsidence of as much as 0.5 ft in the Tucson basin and 1.1 ft in Avra Valley, Arizona. Aquifer system compaction is affected by the layering, hydraulic diffusivity, preconsolidation-stress threshold, and stress history of the aquifer system. Layering at extensometer sites can be categorized into three general groups that typify the fine-grained and coarse-grained layering within the Fort Lowell Formation and upper Tinaja beds. Data from the first group show almost as much elastic as inelastic compaction, a layering frequency of six layers/100 ft, and weighted-average aquitard thicknesses of 20 to 50 ft. Data from the second group show inelastic compaction, a layering frequency of two to three layers/100 ft, an average aquitard thickness of less than 20 ft. Data from the third group show inelastic compaction, a layering frequency of fewer than two layers/100 ft, an average aquitard thickness of more than 30 ft. A one-dimensional compaction model was applied to data from six extensometers to simulate aquifer-system compaction of less than 0.1 ft. Values of elastic and some values of inelastic specific storage are comparable to values estimated in California. Parts of the aquifer system appear to be in transition from predominantly elastic to inelastic compaction. Water level declines since 1940 at six extensometer sites are within an estimated preconsolidation-stress threshold of 50 to 150 ft. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri884172","usgsCitation":"Hanson, R.T., 1989, Aquifer-system compaction, Tucson Basin and Avra Valley, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4172, vi, 69 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884172.","productDescription":"vi, 69 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119779,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4172/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56392,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4172/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48abe4b07f02db52d0c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanson, R. T.","contributorId":91148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27587,"text":"wri884234 - 1989 - Geohydrology of the alluvial and terrace deposits of the North Canadian River from Oklahoma City to Eufaula Lake, central Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:40","indexId":"wri884234","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4234","title":"Geohydrology of the alluvial and terrace deposits of the North Canadian River from Oklahoma City to Eufaula Lake, central Oklahoma","docAbstract":"This investigation was undertaken to describe the geohydrology of the alluvial and terrace deposits along the North Canadian River between Lake Overholser and Eufaula Lake, an area of about 1,835 square miles, and to determine the maximum annual yield of ground water.\r\nA 1982 water-level map of the alluvial and terrace aquifer was prepared using field data and published records. Data from test holes and other data from the files of the U.S. Geological Survey and the Oklahoma Water Resources Board were used to establish the approximate thickness of the alluvial and terrace deposits.\r\n\r\nThe North Canadian River from Lake Overholser, near Oklahoma City, to Eufaula Lake is paralleled by a 2- to 3-mile wide band of alluvium. Scattered terrace deposits on either side of the alluvium reach an extreme width of 8 miles. Rocks of Permian age bound the alluvial and terrace deposits from the west to the midpoint of the study area; Pennsylvanian rocks bound the alluvial and terrace deposits from that point eastward.\r\n\r\nThree major aquifers are present in the study area: the alluvial and terrace aquifer, consisting of alluvium and terrace deposits of Quaternary age in a narrow band on either side of the North Canadian River; the Garber-Wellington aquifer of Permian age, consisting of an upper unconfined zone and a lower confined zone separated by relatively impermeable shales; and the Ada-Vamoosa aquifer of Pennsylvanian age. At locations were the alluvial and terrace aquifer overlies either of the other aquifers, there is hydraulic continuity between the alluvial and terrace aquifer and the other aquifers, and water levels are the same.\r\n\r\nMost large-scale municipal and industrial pumping from the Garber-Wellington aquifer is from the lower zone and has little discernible effect upon the alluvial and terrace aquifer.\r\n\r\nThe total estimated base flow of the North Canadian River for the studied reach is 264 cubic feet per second. Evapotranspiration from the basin in August is about 60 cubic feet per second for the North Canadian River from Lake Overholser to a measuring station above Eufaula Lake. Estimated recharge rates to the alluvial and terrace aquifer in the basin range from 1.7 inches at the west edge of the study area to 7.0 inches at the east edge.\r\n\r\nTotal permitted withdrawal from the aquifer, according to records of the Oklahoma Water Resources Board, ranged from 2,107 acre-feet per year in 1942 to about 21,415 acre-feet per year in 1982.\r\n\r\nSimulations of the alluvial and terrace aquifer from Lake Overholser to Eufaula Lake were made using a finite-difference model developed by McDonald and Harbaugh (1984). The area of the aquifers was subdivided into a finite-difference grid having 30 rows and 57 columns with cells measuring 1 mile in the north-south direction and 2 miles in the east-west direction. The model was calibrated in two steps: A steady-state calibration simulated head distribution prior to extensive pumping of the aquifer in 1942, and a transient calibration simulated head distribution after extensive pumpage. The final horizontal hydraulic conductivity used for the alluvial and terrace aquifer was 0.0036 feet per second (310 feet per day) at all locations. The recharge rate for the alluvial and terrace aquifer ranged from 1.7 inch per year in the west to 7.0 inches per year in the east, and averaged about 3.3 inches per year. A specific yield of 15 percent was used for the transient simulation.\r\n\r\nPermitted pumpage for 1942 through 1982 was used in the digital model to estimate the annual volume of water in storage in the alluvial and terrace aquifer for the years for this time period. The 1982 permitted pumpage rates were used for projections for 1983 to 2020. The estimated volume of water in storage was 1,940,000 acre-feet in 1982. Because the estimated recharge rate is equal to the allowed pumpage rate in 1982, the projected volume of water in storage in both 1993 and 2020 was 1,890,000 acre-feet.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-file reports, Federal Center,","doi":"10.3133/wri884234","usgsCitation":"Havens, J., 1989, Geohydrology of the alluvial and terrace deposits of the North Canadian River from Oklahoma City to Eufaula Lake, central Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4234, vii, 32 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884234.","productDescription":"vii, 32 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":121808,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4234/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56439,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4234/plate-01.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56440,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4234/plate-02.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56441,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4234/plate-03.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56442,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4234/plate-04.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56443,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4234/plate-05.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56444,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4234/plate-06.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56445,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4234/plate-07.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56446,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4234/plate-08.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56447,"rank":408,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4234/plate-09.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56448,"rank":409,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4234/plate-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56449,"rank":410,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4234/plate-11.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56450,"rank":411,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4234/plate-12.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56451,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4234/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8888","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Havens, J.S.","contributorId":12043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Havens","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1383,"text":"wsp2293 - 1989 - Evaluation of methods used from 1965 through 1982 to determine inorganic constituents in water samples","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:13","indexId":"wsp2293","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2293","title":"Evaluation of methods used from 1965 through 1982 to determine inorganic constituents in water samples","docAbstract":"Since 1962, the U.S. Geological Survey has prepared and distributed Standard Reference Water Samples (SRWS) to participating laboratories in order to alert them to possible analytical deficiencies. This report marks the first time that a concentrated effort has been made to examine and compare the SRWS data for each constituent by the analytical method that was used to obtain the data. \r\n\r\nUnlike laboratories that participate in interlaboratory studies that are designed to determine the precision and accuracy of a particular analytical method, laboratories that participate in the SRWS program are allowed to select the method used to analyze a reference sample and are requested to report the method used. Data for a particular method could not be compared with a 'true' value because the data were obtained from analyses of reference samples that were prepared using natural waters; however, where possible a comparison was made between the mean concentrations obtained by the various analytical methods that were used to determine each constituent. Where enough information is available, models for predicting the precisions of the methods have been developed, and the precisions have been compared. In addition to the data presented in the reports, this evaluation provides a good indication of methods that were used routinely to analyze water samples during the 18 years of study.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O. ;\r\nFor sale by the Books and Open-File Reports Section, U.S. Geological Survey, Federal Center,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2293","usgsCitation":"Friedman, L., and Fishman, M., 1989, Evaluation of methods used from 1965 through 1982 to determine inorganic constituents in water samples: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2293, vii, 126 p. :ill. (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2293.","productDescription":"vii, 126 p. :ill. (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137366,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2293/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26486,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2293/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db624e5d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friedman, Linda C.","contributorId":98702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"Linda C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fishman, Marvin J.","contributorId":87110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fishman","given":"Marvin J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28903,"text":"wri894130 - 1989 - Effects of limestone quarrying and cement-plant operations on runoff and sediment yields in the Upper Permanente Creek basin, Santa Clara County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:47","indexId":"wri894130","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4130","title":"Effects of limestone quarrying and cement-plant operations on runoff and sediment yields in the Upper Permanente Creek basin, Santa Clara County, California","docAbstract":"High sediment loads below headwater areas of the Permanente Creek drainage basin, Santa Clara County, California, have caused flood-control problems in downstream lowland areas. Measured sediment yields in Permanente Creek, which drains areas affected by limestone quarrying and cement-plant operations, were 14 times greater than yields from the West Fork Permanente Creek, which primarily drains parkland. Part of this large disparity in yields is the result of higher runoff/unit of drainage area in the Permanente Creek Basin. Results of rainfall-runoff modeling indicate that the tendency for higher runoff from Permanente Creek results from natural differences in basin physiography. Runoff during periods of high streamflow (when most sediment is transported) is dominated by subsurface flow, which is not affected by human activities. Although artificial features created by human activities seem to have had only minor effects on runoff, they apparently have had major effects on sediment availability. Artificial features accounted for 273 acres (89%) of the 307 acres of active erosional landforms mapped in 1984. Increased availability of sediment in the Permanente Creek basin appears to be indicated by elevated intercepts of sediment-transport curves. A comparison of sediment-transport curves for the West Fork Permanente Creek with similar curves for the Permanente Creek basin under natural conditions suggests that the sediment yield from Permanente Creek is about 3.5 times higher than it would be under natural basin conditions. The increased yield apparently is due to an increase in sediment availability rather than an increase in runoff. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri894130","usgsCitation":"Nolan, K., and Hill, B.R., 1989, Effects of limestone quarrying and cement-plant operations on runoff and sediment yields in the Upper Permanente Creek basin, Santa Clara County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4130, vi, 48 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894130.","productDescription":"vi, 48 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124163,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4130/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57776,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4130/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611c78","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nolan, K.M.","contributorId":36151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nolan","given":"K.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hill, B. R.","contributorId":72833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":20909,"text":"ofr89414 - 1989 - Mass-conserving method of characteristics for streamflow modeling","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":20909,"text":"ofr89414 - 1989 - Mass-conserving method of characteristics for streamflow modeling","indexId":"ofr89414","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"title":"Mass-conserving method of characteristics for streamflow modeling"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2684,"text":"wsp2369 - 1992 - Mass-conserving method of characteristics for streamflow modeling","indexId":"wsp2369","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"title":"Mass-conserving method of characteristics for streamflow modeling"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":2684,"text":"wsp2369 - 1992 - Mass-conserving method of characteristics for streamflow modeling","indexId":"wsp2369","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"title":"Mass-conserving method of characteristics for streamflow modeling"},"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-05T08:56:00","indexId":"ofr89414","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-414","title":"Mass-conserving method of characteristics for streamflow modeling","docAbstract":"A robust numerical model is presented for the computation of unsteady streamflow on steep river slopes. The one-dimensional model uses the method of characteristics on a specified space-time grid to solve the Saint-Venant equations. An additional continuity equation requirement on each space-time element provides greatly improved conservation of mass over traditional implementations of the method of characteristics on a fixed grid. The space-time geometry of the problem is described in a finite element setting. Hermite interpolation of channel parameters is used to avoid numerical difficulties that may occur with steep slopes due to discontinuities in the derivatives of data such as channel top width. Manning's equation for friction slope can be modified by a factor to make the slope more appropriate for steep rivers. The standard Manning's friction slope can also be used, if preferred. The computer model is not restricted to steep slopes, and applies as well to gently sloping streams. Two numerical examples support the mathematical approach and computational algorithm. (USGS)
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr89414","usgsCitation":"Sikonia, W., 1989, Mass-conserving method of characteristics for streamflow modeling: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-414, x, 75 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr89414.","productDescription":"x, 75 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":369953,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0414/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":153585,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0414/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60fe02","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sikonia, W. G.","contributorId":23946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sikonia","given":"W. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2083,"text":"wsp2337 - 1989 - Use of temperature profiles beneath streams to determine rates of vertical ground-water flow and vertical hydraulic conductivity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:23","indexId":"wsp2337","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2337","title":"Use of temperature profiles beneath streams to determine rates of vertical ground-water flow and vertical hydraulic conductivity","docAbstract":"The use of temperature profiles beneath streams to determine rates of vertical ground-water flow and effective vertical hydraulic conductivity of sediments was evaluated at three field sites by use of a model that numerically solves the partial differential equation governing simultaneous vertical flow of fluid and heat in the Earth. The field sites are located in Hardwick and New Braintree, Mass., and in Dover, N.J. \r\n\r\nIn New England, stream temperature varies from about 0 to 25 ?C (degrees Celsius) during the year. This stream-temperature fluctuation causes ground-water temperatures beneath streams to fluctuate by more than 0.1 ?C during a year to a depth of about 35 ft (feet) in fine-grained sediments and to a depth of about 50 ft in coarse-grained sediments, if ground-water velocity is 0 ft/d (foot per day). Upward flow decreases the depth affected by stream-temperature fluctuation, and downward flow increases the depth. \r\n\r\nAt the site in Hardwick, Mass., ground-water flow was upward at a rate of less than 0.01 ft/d. The maximum effective vertical hydraulic conductivity of the sediments underlying this site is 0.1 ft/d. Ground-water velocities determined at three locations at the site in New Braintree, Mass., where ground water discharges naturally from the underlying aquifer to the Ware River, ranged from 0.10 to 0.20 ft/d upward. The effective vertical hydraulic conductivity of the sediments underlying this site ranged from 2.4 to 17.1 ft/d. Ground-water velocities determined at three locations at the Dover, N.J., site, where infiltration from the Rockaway River into the underlying sediments occurs because of pumping, were 1.5 ft/d downward. The effective vertical hydraulic conductivity of the sediments underlying this site ranged from 2.2 to 2.5 ft/d. Independent estimates of velocity at two of the three sites are in general agreement with the velocities determined using temperature profiles. The estimates of velocities and conductivities derived from the temperature measurements generally fall within the ranges of expected rates of flow in, and conductivities of, the sediments encountered at the test sites. \r\n\r\nApplication of the method at the three test sites demonstrates the feasibility of using the method to determine the rate of ground-water flow between a stream and underlying sediments and the effective vertical hydraulic conductivity of the sediments.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S. G.P.O. ;\r\nBooks and Open- File Reports Section, U.S. Geological Survey [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wsp2337","usgsCitation":"Lapham, W.W., 1989, Use of temperature profiles beneath streams to determine rates of vertical ground-water flow and vertical hydraulic conductivity: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2337, v, 35 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2337.","productDescription":"v, 35 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138155,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2337/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":27645,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2337/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d1e4b07f02db5dbae2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lapham, Wayne W.","contributorId":74734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lapham","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3160,"text":"wsp2320A - 1989 - Ground-water conditions in Las Vegas Valley, Clark County, Nevada; part 1 Hydrogeologic Framework","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":10712,"text":"ofr84130 - 1984 - Ground-water conditions in Las Vegas Valley, Clark County, Nevada; Part I, Hydrogeologic framework","indexId":"ofr84130","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water conditions in Las Vegas Valley, Clark County, Nevada; Part I, Hydrogeologic framework"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":3160,"text":"wsp2320A - 1989 - Ground-water conditions in Las Vegas Valley, Clark County, Nevada; part 1 Hydrogeologic Framework","indexId":"wsp2320A","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","title":"Ground-water conditions in Las Vegas Valley, Clark County, Nevada; part 1 Hydrogeologic Framework"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-14T12:53:20","indexId":"wsp2320A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2320","chapter":"A","title":"Ground-water conditions in Las Vegas Valley, Clark County, Nevada; part 1 Hydrogeologic Framework","docAbstract":"This report describes the lithology, thickness, and extent of valley-fill deposits in Las Vegas Valley, Nev. This information will be used to develop a hydraulic model of the valley's ground-water system. \r\n\r\nLas Vegas Valley is a structural basin formed by bedrock that ranges in age from Precambrian through Miocene. Gravity data indicate that the deeper parts of the basin are filled with 3,000-5,000 feet of clastic sedimentary deposits that range in age from Miocene through Holocene. These deposits constitute the valley-fill aquifer and yield most of the water pumped in the valley. The upper 1,000 feet of this valley fill consist of coarse-grained deposits (sand and gravel), fine-grained deposits (silt and clay), and heterogeneous deposits that comprise either thinly interbedded coarse- and fine-grained deposits or mixtures of the two. Coarse-grained deposits, in places more than 1,000 feet thick, underlie the south and west sides of the valley and interfinger with fine-grained and heterogeneous deposits toward the center of the valley. Intervals of fairly thin heterogeneous deposits underlie parts of the valley, but they are not laterally persistent. \r\n\r\nThe distribution of coarse-grained and fine-grained deposits in three depth zones of the valley fill (0-200 feet, 200-700 feet, and 700-1,000 feet) suggests that: (1) the Spring Mountains and McCullough Range were the major sources of clastic material for the valley fill; (2) Frenchman Mountain and the Las Vegas Range were emplaced later than the Spring Mountains; (3) the east side of the Spring Mountains, which was originally closer to the center of the valley, has receded westward because of erosion; and (4) shallow, fine-grained deposits (0-200 feet deep) are more susceptible to subsidence than deeper ones. \r\n\r\nThe bedrock basin that underlies Las Vegas Valley consists of a deeply buried part that underlies most of the valley and a shallow bedrock surface on the west side of the valley. The deep part of the basin is bounded on the east by normal faults at the base of Frenchman Mountain, on the west by a possible normal fault that coincides with a zone of fault scarps, on the north by vertical or strike-slip displacement along the Las Vegas shear zone, and on the northwest by a bedrock high that underlies the area between Tule Springs and Corn Creek Springs. The shallow bedrock surface (as much as 1,000 feet deep) underlies the west side of the valley from La Madre Mountain to the McCullough Range. \r\n\r\nSome of the fault scarps in the valley fill coincide with possible bedrock faults, which suggests a tectonic origin for some of the faulting of valley-fill deposits; however, the area of fault scarps on the west side of the valley also coincides with a rapid lateral change from incompressible bedrock to more compressible valley-fill deposits. Thus, both differential compaction and tectonic movement may be responsible for faulting of valley-fill deposits.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;Books and Open-File Reports Section [distributor]","doi":"10.3133/wsp2320A","usgsCitation":"Plume, R.W., 1989, Ground-water conditions in Las Vegas Valley, Clark County, Nevada; part 1 Hydrogeologic Framework: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2320, 15 p. 2. v :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2320A.","productDescription":"15 p. 2. v :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":30110,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2320a/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":30111,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2320a/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":30112,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2320a/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138932,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2320a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30113,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2320a/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":30114,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2320a/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":30115,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2320a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699e4a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plume, Russell W. rwplume@usgs.gov","contributorId":2303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plume","given":"Russell","email":"rwplume@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":146350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":25875,"text":"wri884028 - 1989 - Hydrology of the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer, south- central United States — A preliminary assessment of the regional flow system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-20T20:07:12.651795","indexId":"wri884028","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4028","title":"Hydrology of the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer, south- central United States — A preliminary assessment of the regional flow system","docAbstract":"Data describing the aquifer framework and steady-state regional flow were assembled for the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer north of Vicksburg, Mississippi. The aquifer is part of the Mississippi embayment aquifer system. The 60 to 140 ft thick alluvial aquifer grades from gravel at the bottom to fine sand near the top. It is overlain by the Mississippi River Valley confining unit, which consists of 10 to 50 ft of silts, clays, and fine-grained sands. Underlying units consist of alternating sands and clays corresponding to regional hydrogeologic units of the Mississippi embayment aquifer system. The three-layer finite difference model was used to simulate two-dimensional confined or unconfined steady-state flow for predevelopment and 1972. Preliminary analysis of predevelopment flow indicates that recharge to the alluvial aquifer was from underlying aquifers and the confining unit. Rivers accounted for almost all discharge. Pumpage from the alluvial aquifer for irrigation substantially changed regional flow direction toward depressions in the potentiometric surface. Recharge from rivers and the confining unit increased and recharge from underlying aquifers decreased. Discharge to underlying aquifers increased and discharge to rivers decreased. Recharge from the confining unit reached a maximum of 1.3 inch/year for large parts of the aquifer. Nearly all drawdown exceeding 20 ft was at two locations in Arkansas--the Grande Prairie region, and west of Crowleys Ridge. Model results indicate the importance of leakage from rivers and the confining unite to providing recharge to sustain large amounts of pumpage from the alluvial aquifer.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri884028","usgsCitation":"Ackerman, D.J., 1989, Hydrology of the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer, south- central United States — A preliminary assessment of the regional flow system: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4028, vi, 74 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884028.","productDescription":"vi, 74 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":54629,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4028/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124157,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4028/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":394609,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46953.htm"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92,\n 32\n ],\n [\n -88,\n 32\n ],\n [\n -88,\n 37.1667\n ],\n [\n -92,\n 37.1667\n ],\n [\n -92,\n 32\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db667117","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ackerman, D. J.","contributorId":53380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26413,"text":"wri884214 - 1989 - Calibration and use of an interactive-accounting model to simulate dissolved solids, streamflow, and water-supply operations in the Arkansas River basin, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:33","indexId":"wri884214","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4214","title":"Calibration and use of an interactive-accounting model to simulate dissolved solids, streamflow, and water-supply operations in the Arkansas River basin, Colorado","docAbstract":"An interactive-accounting model was used to simulate dissolved solids, streamflow, and water supply operations in the Arkansas River basin, Colorado. Model calibration of specific conductance to streamflow relations at three sites enabled computation of dissolved-solids loads throughout the basin. To simulate streamflow only, all water supply operations were incorporated in the regression relations for streamflow. Calibration for 1940-85 resulted in coefficients of determination that ranged from 0.89 to 0.58, and values in excess of 0.80 were determined for 16 of 20 nodes. The model then incorporated 74 water users and 11 reservoirs to simulate the water supply operations for two periods, 1943-74 and 1975-85. For the 1943-74 calibration, coefficients of determination for streamflow ranged from 0.87 to 0.02. Calibration of the water supply operations resulted in coefficients of determination that ranged from 0.87 to negative for simulated irrigation diversions of 37 selected water users. Calibration for 1975-85 was not evaluated statistically, but average values and plots of reservoir contents indicated reasonableness of the simulation. To demonstrate the utility of the model, six specific alternatives were simulated to consider effects of potential enlargement of Pueblo Reservoir. Three general major alternatives were simulated: the 1975-85 calibrated model data, the calibrated model data with an addition of 30 cu ft/sec in Fountain Creek flows, and the calibrated model data plus additional municipal water in storage. These three major alternatives considered the options of reservoir enlargement or no enlargement. A 40,000-acre-foot reservoir enlargement resulted in average increases of 2,500 acre-ft in transmountain diversions, of 800 acre-ft in storage diversions, and of 100 acre-ft in winter-water storage. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri884214","usgsCitation":"Burns, A., 1989, Calibration and use of an interactive-accounting model to simulate dissolved solids, streamflow, and water-supply operations in the Arkansas River basin, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4214, v, 116 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884214.","productDescription":"v, 116 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123518,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4214/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55208,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4214/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db6892ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burns, A.W.","contributorId":65498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"A.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":38509,"text":"pp1336B - 1989 - The New Madrid earthquakes: An engineering-geologic interpretation of relict liquefaction features","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-23T22:51:27.356178","indexId":"pp1336B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1336","chapter":"B","title":"The New Madrid earthquakes: An engineering-geologic interpretation of relict liquefaction features","docAbstract":"Earthquake-induced sand blows and sand-filled fissures are present in a belt 40 to 60 km. wide that extends from near Charleston, Mo., southward to about 20 km. south of Marked Tree, Ark. This region of earthquake-induced sand blows and other liquefaction-related features is almost exclusively in the St. Francis Basin, an alluvial lowland that typically has a thin (2 to 8 m thick), clay-bearing topstratum underlain by about 30 to 60 m of unconsolidated sand (the substratum). Liquefaction of the substratum sands has made the sand blows. \r\n\r\nThe sand blows and other liquefaction-related features on the ground surface in the St. Francis Basin are almost certainly results of the New Madrid earthquakes of 1811-12. In this report, geologic and engineering properties of the alluvium are used in combination with a map showing the bounds of the liquefaction-related features to locate approximately the epicentral zones for two of the major shocks: the earthquakes of December 16,1811, and February 7,1812. Properties used for the analysis included the Standard Penetration Resistance of the substratum sands, characteristics of the sand's grain size, thickness of the topstratum, and the thickness of the post-Tertiary alluvium. \r\n\r\nThe method of analysis relies largely on the evaluation of the liquefaction potential of the sands. This is done by using the Standard Penetration Test blow counts and by devising a method that uses all possible combinations of liquefaction potential and a realistic relation between attenuation of earthquake accelerations and distance from the epicenter (or more correctly, energy-release center). \r\n\r\nTwo interpreted 1811-12 energy-release centers generally agree well with zones of seismicity defined by modern, small earthquakes. Bounds on accelerations are placed at the limits of sand blows that were generated by the 1811-12 earthquakes in the St. Francis Basin. Conclusions show how the topstratum thickness, sand size of the substratum, and thickness of alluvium affected the distribution of sand blows in the St. Francis Basin.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The New Madrid Missouri, earthquake region - geological, seismological, and geotechnical studies","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","doi":"10.3133/pp1336B","usgsCitation":"Obermeier, S.F., 1989, The New Madrid earthquakes: An engineering-geologic interpretation of relict liquefaction features: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1336, Report: vi, 114; 11 Plates: 37.56 × 23.19 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1336B.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 114; 11 Plates: 37.56 × 23.19 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":393398,"rank":14,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_4805.htm"},{"id":65228,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1336b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":247688,"rank":410,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1336b/plate-11.pdf","size":"4172","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":247687,"rank":409,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1336b/plate-10.pdf","size":"4948","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":247686,"rank":408,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1336b/plate-09.pdf","size":"4643","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":247685,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1336b/plate-08.pdf","size":"4447","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":247684,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1336b/plate-07.pdf","size":"4196","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":247683,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1336b/plate-06.pdf","size":"2108","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":247682,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1336b/plate-05.pdf","size":"807","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":247681,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1336b/plate-04.pdf","size":"786","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":247680,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1336b/plate-03.pdf","size":"3578","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":247679,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1336b/plate-02.pdf","size":"4264","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":247678,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1336b/plate-01.pdf","size":"3781","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":125003,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1336b/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Missouri, Tennessee","city":"New Madrid","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.7636,\n 35\n ],\n [\n -89,\n 35\n ],\n [\n -89,\n 37.25\n ],\n [\n -90.7636,\n 37.25\n ],\n [\n -90.7636,\n 35\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67a995","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Obermeier, Stephen F.","contributorId":102482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Obermeier","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":38446,"text":"pp1405D - 1989 - Geochemistry of the Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer system in the northern Midwest, United States: D in Regional aquifer-system analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T10:36:50","indexId":"pp1405D","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1405","chapter":"D","title":"Geochemistry of the Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer system in the northern Midwest, United States: D in Regional aquifer-system analysis","docAbstract":"Distributions of solutes in aquifers of Cambrian and Ordovician age were studied in Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois, northwestern Indiana, and northern Missouri to determine the sources of solutes and the probable chemical mechanisms that control regional variations in water quality. This work is part of the Northern Midwest Regional Aquifer-System Analysis project, whose objective is to describe and model the regional hydrogeology of the Cambrian- Ordovician aquifer system in the study region. The data base used included more than 3,000 ground-water-quality analyses from all major aquifers, but especially from the St. Peter, Jordan, and Mount Simon Sandstones and their equivalents. Regional variations in the water chemistry of glacial drift and other sedimentary units that overlie the Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer system in recharge areas in Minnesota, Iowa, Wisconsin, and Illinois were also studied, but to a lesser degree.
\nThe most important chemical variation in the aquifer is the change in water type from calcium-sodium-sulfate-bicarbonate water to sodium-calcium-sulfate-bicarbonate and sodium-chloride waters along the longest regional flow path from northwestern Iowa to the Illinois basin. Sodium predominance downgradient from the recharge area is probably related to mechanisms of ion exchange and shalemembrane filtration near the Illinois and Forest City basins.
\nThe most striking aspect of the distribution of dissolved solids and carbon isotopic content of bicarbonate is the increase in concentration and isotopic enrichment from southwestern Wisconsin, southern Minnesota, and northwestern Illinois south toward Missouri. This trend is perpendicular to the present hydraulic gradient that trends from northwestern Iowa southeastward to the Illinois basin. The distribution of dissolved solids defines a \"plume\" of dilute water having a dissolved-solids concentration of about 500 milligrams per liter, compared with surrounding concentrations more than twice as large. Distribution of the isotopic content of oxygen (<518O) and hydrogen (5D) in water closely parallels that of dissolved solids and shows covariance similar to modern meteoric water. The isotopic contents are more depleted (lighter) toward the south, perpendicular to the direction of current hydraulic gradients. The degree of depletion, compared with the isotopic content of modern recharge water, indicates that the plume and a significant fraction of the ground water in Iowa, northern Missouri, and possibly central Illinois may have originated as recharge during Pleistocene time.
\nDistributions of dissolved trace constituents in the aquifers probably are related to the proximity to mineralogic sources as well as chemical and hydraulic mechanisms. For example, concentrations of some constituents, such as cadmium and arsenic, are largest in the vicinity of the Dakota Formation in northwestern Iowa. Other constituents, such as beryllium and vanadium, have larger concentrations near the edge of the Forest City basin in southwestern Iowa and northwestern Missouri. Strontium and fluoride concentrations generally increase from north to south, which suggests the input of these trace constituents during the recharge events. However, concentrations of bromide, radium-226, and lithium show distribution patterns similar to the \"plume\" defined by dissolved solids and isotopes of water, suggesting dilution of concentrations of trace constituents by Pleistocene recharge. Concentrations of other constituents are partly controlled by aquifer temperature, such as silica in south-central Iowa, and solubility controls, such as barium in northeastern Illinois. Additional information on the chemical and mineralogical composition of the aquifer matrix and the isotopically lightest ground water is needed to evaluate the hypothesis of Pleistocene mixing before more quantitative studies can be done to evaluate the different proposed mechanisms that have controlled and modified the water chemistry over time. This study, however, indicates that the ground water in the region is thousands of years old. The study also indicates that the major chemical trends in the aquifers probably are related as much to paleohydrogeologic flow systems during Pleistocene time as to the present flow system, which may postdate the retreat of the last ice sheet about 12,000 years ago.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Regional aquifer-system analysis","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/pp1405D","usgsCitation":"Siegel, D.I., 1989, Geochemistry of the Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer system in the northern Midwest, United States: D in Regional aquifer-system analysis: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1405, vii, 76 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1405D.","productDescription":"vii, 76 p.","numberOfPages":"87","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":64921,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1405d/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":126548,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1405d/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.044921875,\n 45.9511496866914\n ],\n [\n -88.330078125,\n 46.042735653846506\n ],\n [\n -90.3955078125,\n 46.31658418182218\n ],\n [\n -92.59277343749999,\n 46.34692761055676\n ],\n [\n -93.603515625,\n 46.13417004624326\n ],\n [\n -94.7021484375,\n 45.24395342262324\n ],\n [\n -95.8447265625,\n 43.644025847699496\n ],\n [\n -96.6796875,\n 42.553080288955826\n ],\n [\n -96.7236328125,\n 41.83682786072714\n ],\n [\n -96.328125,\n 40.78054143186031\n ],\n [\n -95.2734375,\n 39.16414104768742\n ],\n [\n -94.8779296875,\n 38.37611542403604\n ],\n [\n -93.8232421875,\n 37.996162679728116\n ],\n [\n -90.7470703125,\n 37.54457732085582\n ],\n [\n -89.69238281249999,\n 37.71859032558816\n ],\n [\n -88.1982421875,\n 38.03078569382294\n ],\n [\n -87.01171875,\n 38.685509760012\n ],\n [\n -85.78125,\n 39.16414104768742\n ],\n [\n -86.4404296875,\n 42.45588764197166\n ],\n [\n -86.8798828125,\n 43.29320031385282\n ],\n [\n -87.099609375,\n 44.15068115978091\n ],\n [\n -86.044921875,\n 45.9511496866914\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ee4b07f02db6aa604","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Siegel, D. I.","contributorId":77562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siegel","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":15638,"text":"ofr8932 - 1989 - Geologic and hydrologic data for the Rustler Formation near the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant, southeastern New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:02","indexId":"ofr8932","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-32","title":"Geologic and hydrologic data for the Rustler Formation near the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant, southeastern New Mexico","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey is investigating the geohydrology in the vicinity of the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant in southeastern New Mexico. Data presented were compiled in support of a regional groundwater flow model. The data include water level measurements obtained from the U.S. Geological Survey 's Groundwater Site-Inventory and OMNIANA data bases and stratigraphic information interpreted from commercial geophysical logs. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division,","doi":"10.3133/ofr8932","usgsCitation":"Richey, S.F., 1989, Geologic and hydrologic data for the Rustler Formation near the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant, southeastern New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-32, iii, 72 p. ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr8932.","productDescription":"iii, 72 p. ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":147676,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0032/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":44602,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0032/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a53f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richey, Steven F.","contributorId":50511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richey","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":171476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}