{"pageNumber":"1422","pageRowStart":"35525","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165227,"records":[{"id":70047271,"text":"70047271 - 2013 - An examination of historic inorganic sedimentation and organic matter accumulation in several marsh types within the Mobile Bay and and Mobile-Tensaw River Delta region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-13T18:14:02.86375","indexId":"70047271","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-29T13:04:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An examination of historic inorganic sedimentation and organic matter accumulation in several marsh types within the Mobile Bay and and Mobile-Tensaw River Delta region","docAbstract":"Mass accumulation rates (MAR; g cm<sup>-2</sup> y<sup>-1</sup>), linear sedimentation rates (LSR; cm y<sup>-1</sup>), and core geochronology derived from excess lead-210 (<sup>210</sup>Pb) profiles and inventories measured in six sediment cores collected from marsh sites from the MobileTensaw River Delta and Mobile Bay region record the importance of both continuous and event-driven inorganic sedimentation over the last 120 years. MAR in freshwater marshes varied considerably between sites and through time (0.24 and 1.31 g cm<sup>-2</sup> y<sup>-1</sup>). The highest MARs occurred in the 1950s and 1960s and correspond to record discharge events along the Mobile and Tensaw Rivers. In comparison, MAR at salt marsh sites increased almost threefold over the last 120 years (0.05 to 0.18 g cm<sup>-2</sup> y<sup>-1</sup> or 0.23 to 0.48 cm y<sup>-1</sup>). From 1880 to 1960, organic accumulation remained fairly constant (20%), while intermittent pulses of high inorganic sedimentation were observed following 1960. The pulses in inorganic sedimentation coincide with several major hurricanes (e.g., Hurricanes Camille, Fredric, Georges, and Ivan). The nearly threefold increase in MAR in salt marshes during the last 120 years would thus appear to be partially dependent on inorganic sedimentation from storm events. This study shows that while hurricanes, floods, and other natural hazards are well-known threats to human infrastructure and coastal ecosystems, these events also transport sediment to marshes that help abate other pressures such as sea-level rise (SLR) and subsidence.","language":"English","publisher":"Coastal Education and Research Foundation","doi":"10.2112/SI63-007.1","usgsCitation":"Smith, C.G., Osterman, L.E., and Poore, R.Z., 2013, An examination of historic inorganic sedimentation and organic matter accumulation in several marsh types within the Mobile Bay and and Mobile-Tensaw River Delta region: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 63, no. sp1, p. 68-83, https://doi.org/10.2112/SI63-007.1.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"68","endPage":"83","numberOfPages":"16","ipdsId":"IP-033578","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275506,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275505,"rank":1,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2112/SI63-011.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama","otherGeospatial":"Mobile Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88.254965,30.194604 ], [ -88.254965,30.839951 ], [ -87.621646,30.839951 ], [ -87.621646,30.194604 ], [ -88.254965,30.194604 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"63","issue":"sp1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f780cfe4b02e26443a931d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Christopher G. 0000-0002-8075-4763 cgsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8075-4763","contributorId":3410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Christopher","email":"cgsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Osterman, Lisa E. osterman@usgs.gov","contributorId":3058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osterman","given":"Lisa","email":"osterman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Poore, Richard Z. rpoore@usgs.gov","contributorId":345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poore","given":"Richard","email":"rpoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":481578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70044614,"text":"70044614 - 2013 - Intercontinental migratory connectivity and population structuring of Dunlins from western Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-20T11:30:37","indexId":"70044614","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-29T12:47:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Intercontinental migratory connectivity and population structuring of Dunlins from western Alaska","docAbstract":"The Dunlin (Calidris alpina) is a polytypic shorebird with complex patterns of distribution and migration throughout its holarctic range. We analyzed mark-re sighting data obtained between 1977 and 2010 from birds captured at two major staging areas in western Alaska to test the hypothesis that the migration patterns of Alaskan populations are a mixture of parallel and chain, similar to those of Dunlin populations in the western Palearctic. Birds marked on the Yukon—Kuskokwim Delta were found wintering in both Asia and North America, which documented the unexpected mixing of C. a. arcticola from northern Alaska and C. a. pacifica from western Alaska and contradicted our initial prediction of parallel migration pathways for these two subspecies. In its North American winter range C. a. pacifica segregated according to location of marking, confirming our prediction of a chain migration pattern within this population. Individuals of C. a. pacifica marked on the delta were resighted significantly farther north, mostly in southern British Columbia and Washington, than birds marked on the second, more southerly staging area on the Alaska Peninsula, which were resighted primarily in the San Francisco Bay area of northern California. We recommend additional studies use a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic markers to quantify the strength of migratory connectivity between breeding, staging, and wintering areas. Such information is needed to guide conservation efforts because the Dunlin and other waterbirds are losing intertidal habitats at an unprecedented rate and scale, particularly in the Yellow Sea and other parts of Asia.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Condor","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1525/cond.2013.120127","usgsCitation":"Gill, R., Handel, C.M., and Ruthrauff, D.R., 2013, Intercontinental migratory connectivity and population structuring of Dunlins from western Alaska: The Condor, v. 115, no. 3, p. 525-534, https://doi.org/10.1525/cond.2013.120127.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"525","endPage":"534","numberOfPages":"10","ipdsId":"IP-041725","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280757,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280758,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1525/cond.2013.120127"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Angyoyaravak Bay;Egegik Bay;Izembek Lagoon;Kigigak Bay;Nelson Lagoon;Ugashik Bay;Yukon-kuskokwim Delta","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -169.53,51.21 ], [ -169.53,66.59 ], [ -152.93,66.59 ], [ -152.93,51.21 ], [ -169.53,51.21 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"115","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd62cbe4b0b290850fe696","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gill, Robert E. Jr. 0000-0002-6385-4500 rgill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6385-4500","contributorId":171747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"Robert E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"rgill@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Handel, Colleen M. 0000-0002-0267-7408 cmhandel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0267-7408","contributorId":3067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Handel","given":"Colleen","email":"cmhandel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ruthrauff, Daniel R. 0000-0003-1355-9156 druthrauff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1355-9156","contributorId":4181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruthrauff","given":"Daniel","email":"druthrauff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70047264,"text":"sir20135041 - 2013 - Hydrogeology, groundwater seepage, nitrate distribution, and flux at the Raleigh hydrologic research station, Wake County, North Carolina, 2005-2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-07T10:21:11","indexId":"sir20135041","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-29T09:41:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5041","title":"Hydrogeology, groundwater seepage, nitrate distribution, and flux at the Raleigh hydrologic research station, Wake County, North Carolina, 2005-2007","docAbstract":"rom 2005 to 2007, the U.S. Geological Survey and the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Water Quality, conducted a study to describe the geologic framework, measure groundwater quality, characterize the groundwater-flow system, and describe the groundwater/surface-water interaction at the 60-acre Raleigh hydrogeologic research station (RHRS) located at the Neuse River Waste Water Treatment Plant in eastern Wake County, North Carolina. Previous studies have shown that the local groundwater quality of the surficial and bedrock aquifers at the RHRS had been affected by high levels of nutrients. Geologic, hydrologic, and water-quality data were collected from 3 coreholes, 12 wells, and 4 piezometers at 3 well clusters, as well as from 2 surface-water sites, 2 multiport piezometers, and 80 discrete locations in the streambed of the Neuse River. Data collected were used to evaluate the three primary zones of the Piedmont aquifer (regolith, transition zone, and fractured bedrock) and characterize the interaction of groundwater and surface water as a mechanism of nutrient transport to the Neuse River. A conceptual hydrogeologic cross section across the RHRS was constructed using new and existing data. Two previously unmapped north striking, nearly vertical diabase dikes intrude the granite beneath the site. Groundwater within the diabase dike appeared to be hydraulically isolated from the surrounding granite bedrock and regolith. A correlation exists between foliation and fracture orientation, with most fractures striking parallel to foliation. Flowmeter logging in two of the bedrock wells indicated that not all of the water-bearing fractures labeled as water bearing were hydraulically active, even when stressed by pumping. Groundwater levels measured in wells at the RHRS displayed climatic and seasonal trends, with elevated groundwater levels occurring during the late spring and declining to a low in the late fall. Vertical gradients in the groundwater discharge area near the Neuse River were complex and were affected by fluctuations in river stage, with the exception of a well completed in a diabase dike. Water-quality data from the wells and surface-water sites at the RHRS were collected continuously as well as during periodic sampling events. Surface-water samples collected from a tributary were most similar in chemical composition to groundwater found in the regolith and transition zone. Nitrate (measured as nitrite plus nitrate, as nitrogen) concentrations in the sampled wells and tributary ranged from about 5 to more than 120 milligrams per liter as nitrogen. Waterborne continuous resistivity profiling conducted on the Neuse River in the area of the RHRS measured areas of low apparent resistivity that likely represent groundwater contaminated by high concentrations of nitrate. These areas were located on either side of a diabase dike and at the outfall of two unnamed tributaries. The diabase dike preferentially directed the discharge of groundwater to the Neuse River and may isolate groundwater movement laterally. Discrete temperature measurements made within the pore water beneath the Neuse River revealed seeps of colder groundwater discharging into warmer surface water near a diabase dike. Water-quality samples collected from the pore water beneath the Neuse River indicated that nitrate was present at concentrations as high as 80 milligrams per liter as nitrogen on the RHRS side of the river. The highest concentrations of nitrate were located within pore water collected from an area near a diabase dike that was identified as a suspected seepage area. Hydraulic head was measured and pore water samples were collected from two 140-centimeter-deep (55.1-inch-deep) multiport piezometers that were installed in bed sediments on opposite sides of a diabase dike. The concentration of nitrate in pore water at a suspected seepage area ranged from 42 to 82 milligrams per liter as nitrogen with a median concentration of 79 milligrams per liter as nitrogen. On the opposite side of the dike, concentrations of nitrate in pore water samples ranged from 3 to 91 milligrams per liter as nitrogen with a median concentration of 52 milligrams per liter. At one of the multiport piezometers the vertical gradient of hydraulic head between the Neuse River and the groundwater was too small to measure. At the multiport piezometer located in the suspected seepage area, an upward gradient of about 0.1 was present and explains the occurrence of higher concentrations of nitrate near the sediment/water interface. Horizontal seepage flux from the surficial aquifer to the edge of the Neuse River was estimated for 2006. Along a 130-foot flow path, the estimated seepage flux ranged from –0.52 to 0.2 foot per day with a median of 0.09 foot per day. The estimated advective horizontal mass flux of nitrate along a 300-foot reach of the Neuse River ranged from –10.9 to 5 pounds per day with a median of 2.2 pounds per day. The total horizontal mass flux of nitrate from the surficial aquifer to the Neuse River along the 130-foot flow path was estimated to be about 750 pounds for all of 2006. Seepage meters were deployed on the bed of the Neuse River in the areas of the multiport piezometers on either side of the diabase dike to estimate rates of vertical groundwater discharge and flux of nitrate. The average estimated daily seepage flux differed by two orders of magnitude between seepage areas. The potential vertical flux of nitrate from groundwater to the Neuse River was estimated at an average of 2.5 grams per day near one of the multiport piezometers and an average of 784 grams per day at the other. These approximations suggest that under some hydrologic conditions there is the potential for substantial quantities of nitrate to discharge from the groundwater to the Neuse River.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135041","collaboration":"Prepared In Cooperation With The North Carolina Department Of Environment And Natural Resources Division Of Water Quality","usgsCitation":"McSwain, K., Bolich, R.E., and Chapman, M.J., 2013, Hydrogeology, groundwater seepage, nitrate distribution, and flux at the Raleigh hydrologic research station, Wake County, North Carolina, 2005-2007: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5041, viii, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135041.","productDescription":"viii, 54 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2005-01-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275495,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5041/"},{"id":275496,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135041.gif"},{"id":275494,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5041/pdf/sir2013-5041.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Neuse River Waste Water Treatment Plant","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -84.32,33.84 ], [ -84.32,36.59 ], [ -78.04,36.59 ], [ -78.04,33.84 ], [ -84.32,33.84 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f780d6e4b02e26443a9325","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McSwain, Kristen Bukowski","contributorId":104458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McSwain","given":"Kristen Bukowski","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bolich, Richard E.","contributorId":89615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bolich","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chapman, Melinda J. 0000-0003-4021-0320 mjchap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4021-0320","contributorId":1597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapman","given":"Melinda","email":"mjchap@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70189924,"text":"70189924 - 2013 - New Method for Electrical Conductivity Temperature Compensation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-23T09:29:44","indexId":"70189924","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New Method for Electrical Conductivity Temperature Compensation","docAbstract":"<p>Electrical conductivity (κ) measurements of natural waters are typically referenced to 25 °C (κ<sub>25</sub>) using standard temperature compensation factors (α). For acidic waters (pH &lt; 4), this can result in a large κ<sub>25</sub> error (δκ<sub>25</sub>). The more the sample temperature departs from 25 °C, the larger the potential δκ<sub>25</sub>. For pH &lt; 4, the hydrogen ion transport number becomes substantial and its mode of transport is different from most other ions resulting in a different α. A new method for determining α as a function of pH and temperature is presented. Samples with varying amounts of H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> and NaCl were used to develop the new α, which was then applied to 65 natural water samples including acid mine waters, geothermal waters, seawater, and stream waters. For each sample, the κ and pH were measured at several temperatures from 5 to 90 °C and κ<sub>25</sub> was calculated. The δκ<sub>25</sub> ranged from −11 to 9% for the new method as compared to −42 to 25% and −53 to 27% for the constant α (0.019) and ISO-7888 methods, respectively. The new method for determining α is a substantial improvement for acidic waters and performs as well as or better than the standard methods for circumneutral waters.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es402188r","usgsCitation":"McCleskey, R.B., 2013, New Method for Electrical Conductivity Temperature Compensation: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 47, no. 17, p. 9874-9881, https://doi.org/10.1021/es402188r.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"9874","endPage":"9881","ipdsId":"IP-046099","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344473,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"17","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-08-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5980419ce4b0a38ca2789369","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCleskey, R. Blaine 0000-0002-2521-8052 rbmccles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2521-8052","contributorId":147399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCleskey","given":"R.","email":"rbmccles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Blaine","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":706782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70118399,"text":"70118399 - 2013 - Pb-Sr-Nd isotopes in surficial materials at the Pebble Porphyry Cu-Au-Mo Deposit, Southwestern Alaska: can the mineralizing fingerprint be detected through cover?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-15T08:55:16","indexId":"70118399","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-28T16:42:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pb-Sr-Nd isotopes in surficial materials at the Pebble Porphyry Cu-Au-Mo Deposit, Southwestern Alaska: can the mineralizing fingerprint be detected through cover?","docAbstract":"The Cretaceous Pebble porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposit is covered by tundra and glacigenic sediments. Pb-Sr-Nd measurements were done on sediments and soils to establish baseline conditions prior to the onset of mining operations and contribute to the development of exploration methods for concealed base metal deposits of this type. Pebble rocks have a moderate range for <sup>206</sup>Pb/<sup>204</sup>Pb = 18.574 to 18.874, <sup>207</sup>Pb/<sup>204</sup>Pb = 15.484 to 15.526, and <sup>208,</sup>Pb/<sup>204</sup>Pb = 38.053 to 38.266. Mineralized granodiorite shows a modest spread in <sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr (0.704354–0.707621) and <sup>143</sup>Nd/<sup>144</sup>Nd (0.512639–0.512750). Age-corrected (89 Ma) values for the granodiorite yield relatively unradiogenic Pb (e.g., <sup>207</sup>Pb/<sup>204</sup>Pb <15.52), low values of <sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr, and positive values of ɛNd (1.00–4.52) that attest to a major contribution of mantle-derived source rocks. Pond sediments and soils have similar Pb isotope signatures and <sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr and <sup>143</sup>Nd/<sup>144</sup>Nd values that resemble the mineralized granodiorites. Glacial events have obscured the recognition of isotope signatures of mineralized rocks in the sediments and soils. Baseline radiogenic isotope compositions, prior to the onset of mining operations, reflect natural erosion, transport and deposition of heterogeneous till sheets that included debris from barren rocks, mineralized granodiorite and sulfides from the Pebble deposit, and other country rocks that pre- and postdate the mineralization events. Isotopic variations suggest that natural weathering of the deposit is generally reflected in these surficial materials. The isotope data provide geochemical constraints to glimpse through the extensive cover and together with other geochemical observations provide a vector to concealed mineralized rocks genetically linked with the Pebble deposit.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Economic Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/econgeo.108.3.543","usgsCitation":"Ayuso, R.A., Kelley, K., Eppinger, R.G., and Forni, F., 2013, Pb-Sr-Nd isotopes in surficial materials at the Pebble Porphyry Cu-Au-Mo Deposit, Southwestern Alaska: can the mineralizing fingerprint be detected through cover?: Economic Geology, v. 108, no. 3, p. 543-563, https://doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.108.3.543.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"543","endPage":"563","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":291231,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291230,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.108.3.543"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -155.333333,59.866667 ], [ -155.333333,59.95 ], [ -155.233333,59.95 ], [ -155.233333,59.866667 ], [ -155.333333,59.866667 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"108","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-03-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f286e4b0bc0bec0a0422","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ayuso, Robert A. 0000-0002-8496-9534 rayuso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8496-9534","contributorId":2654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayuso","given":"Robert","email":"rayuso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kelley, Karen D. 0000-0002-3232-5809","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3232-5809","contributorId":57817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelley","given":"Karen D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eppinger, Robert G. eppinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eppinger","given":"Robert","email":"eppinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Forni, Francesca","contributorId":27371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forni","given":"Francesca","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70118398,"text":"70118398 - 2013 - A combined radio- and stable-isotopic study of a California coastal aquifer system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-27T10:53:11","indexId":"70118398","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-28T16:23:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3709,"text":"Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A combined radio- and stable-isotopic study of a California coastal aquifer system","docAbstract":"Stable and radioactive tracers were utilized in concert to characterize geochemical processes in a complex coastal groundwater system and to provide constraints on the kinetics of rock/water interactions. Groundwater samples from wells within the Dominguez Gap region of Los Angeles County, California were analyzed for a suite of major cations (Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup>) and anions (Cl<sup>−</sup>, SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>), silica, alkalinity, select trace elements (Ba, B, Sr), dissolved oxygen, stable isotopes of hydrogen (δD), oxygen (δ<sup>18</sup>O), dissolved inorganic carbon (δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>DIC</sub>), and radioactive isotopes (<sup>3</sup>H, <sup>222</sup>Rn and <sup>223,224,226,228</sup>Ra). In the study area, groundwater may consist of a complex mixture of native groundwater, intruded seawater, non-native injected water, and oil-field brine water. In some wells, Cl<sup>−</sup> concentrations attained seawater-like values and in conjunction with isotopically heavier δ<sup>18</sup>O values, these tracers provide information on the extent of seawater intrusion and/or mixing with oil-field brines. Groundwater <sup>3</sup>H above 1 tritium unit (TU) was observed only in a few select wells close to the Dominguez Gap area and most other well groundwater was aged pre-1952. Based on an initial <sup>14</sup>C value for the study site of 90 percent modern carbon (pmc), groundwater age estimates likely extend beyond 20 kyr before present and confirm deep circulation of some native groundwater through multiple aquifers. Enriched values of groundwater δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>DIC</sub> in the absence of SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> imply enhanced anaerobic microbial methanogenesis. While secular equilibrium was observed for <sup>234</sup>U/<sup>238</sup>U (activity ratios ~1) in host matrices, strong isotopic fractionation in these groundwater samples can be used to obtain information of adsorption/desorption kinetics. Calculated Ra residence times are short, and the associated desorption rate constant is about three orders of magnitude slower than that of the adsorption rate constant. Combined stable- and radio-isotopic results provide unique insights into aquifer characteristics, such as geochemical cycling, rock/water interactions, and subsurface transport and mixing.","language":"English","publisher":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","doi":"10.3390/w5020480","usgsCitation":"Swarzenski, P.W., Baskaran, M., Rosenbauer, R.J., Edwards, B.D., and Land, M., 2013, A combined radio- and stable-isotopic study of a California coastal aquifer system: Water, v. 5, no. 2, p. 480-504, https://doi.org/10.3390/w5020480.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"480","endPage":"504","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473642,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w5020480","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":291225,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291224,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w5020480"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Los Angeles County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.9449,32.7984 ], [ -118.9449,34.8232 ], [ -117.6456,34.8232 ], [ -117.6456,32.7984 ], [ -118.9449,32.7984 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"5","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-04-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f286e4b0bc0bec0a0424","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swarzenski, Peter W. 0000-0003-0116-0578 pswarzen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0116-0578","contributorId":1070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"Peter","email":"pswarzen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baskaran, Mark","contributorId":87867,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baskaran","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7147,"text":"Wayne State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":496881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rosenbauer, Robert J. brosenbauer@usgs.gov","contributorId":204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenbauer","given":"Robert","email":"brosenbauer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Edwards, Brian D. bedwards@usgs.gov","contributorId":3161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Brian","email":"bedwards@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Land, Michael 0000-0001-5141-0307","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5141-0307","contributorId":56613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Land","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70118374,"text":"70118374 - 2013 - K-Ar dating and delta O-18-delta D characterization of nanometric illite from Ordovician K-bentonites of the Appalachians: illitization and the Acadian-Alleghenian tectonic activity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-28T15:47:23","indexId":"70118374","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-28T15:35:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"K-Ar dating and delta O-18-delta D characterization of nanometric illite from Ordovician K-bentonites of the Appalachians: illitization and the Acadian-Alleghenian tectonic activity","docAbstract":"<p>Nanometric (<0.02, 0.02–0.05, 0.05–0.1, 0.1–0.2 μm) illite fractions were separated from K-bentonite samples from northwestern Georgia, and studied by X-ray diffraction, oxygen and hydrogen isotope geochemistry, and K-Ar dated to more tightly constrain the tectono-thermal history of the Appalachian orogeny. Their XRD patterns are very similar for a given sample with respect to the peak shapes and positions. They are ordered illite-smectite mixed layers with only small variations in the relative proportions of illite and smectite interlayers. The illite crystal thickness distributions also are very homogeneous across the various size fractions of the same sample, but crystallite thickness varies from sample to sample. It can be concluded from the α-β<sup>2</sup> diagram that illitization occurred in all fractions by simultaneous nucleation and crystal growth, except for one sample. In that sample, a period of growth without nucleation was detected on top of the nucleation and growth episode.</p>\n<br>\n<p>The K-Ar ages organize into two isochrons, the first at 319.9 ± 2.0 Ma with an initial <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>36</sup>Ar ratio of 271 ± 66 Ma, and the second at 284.9 ± 1.2 Ma with an initial <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>36</sup>Ar ratio of 310 ± 44. One data point above the older isochron and three between the two isochrons suggest a detrital contamination for the former separate and a possible further generation of nanoparticles for the three others. The samples with the older crystallization age consist of illite and illite-rich mixed-layers, and those with the younger age contain smectite-rich mixed-layers without illite, or illite-enriched illite-smectite mixed-layers. The K-Ar ages fit the age trends published previously for similar K-bentonites with regional age patterns between 240 and 270 Ma in the southwestern region, between 270 and 300 Ma in the central zone and the southern Appalachians, and between 315 and 370 Ma in the northernmost.</p>\n<br>\n<p>Each of the two generations of illite crystals yields very consistent δ<sup>18</sup>O (V-SMOW) values at 17 ± 1‰ for the older and at 21 ± 1‰ for the younger. If crystallization temperatures of the nanometric illite were between 100 and 200 °C, as suggested by microthermometric determinations, the hydrothermal fluids had δ<sup>18</sup>O values of 4 ± 1‰ in the Dalton district and of 8 ± 1‰ in the Lafayette, Trenton, and Dirtseller districts at 100 °C, and of 11 ± 1 and 15 ± 1‰ in the same locations at 200 °C, probably because the water-rock isotope exchanges at elevated temperature occurred in rock-dominated systems. The δ<sup>18</sup>O of the fluids remained unchanged during local crystal growth, but varied depending on the geographic location of the samples and timing of illitization. The δD (V-SMOW) values of the different size fractions do not provide consistent information; they range from −70 to −45‰ for most nanometric and micrometric fractions (V-SMOW), but with no apparent coherent pattern.</p>\n<br>\n<p>Nanometric illite-rich crystals from K-bentonite that underwent tectono-thermal alteration yield constant ages, constant clay mineralogy, constant crystallite size distributions for all of the nucleating and growing illite-type crystals of each sample, as well as constant δ<sup>18</sup>O values implying constant fluid chemistry, all pointing to geologically sudden crystallization.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Mineralogical Society of America","doi":"10.2138/am.2013.4510","usgsCitation":"Clauer, N., Fallick, A.E., Eberl, D.D., Honty, M., Huff, W.D., and Auberti, A., 2013, K-Ar dating and delta O-18-delta D characterization of nanometric illite from Ordovician K-bentonites of the Appalachians: illitization and the Acadian-Alleghenian tectonic activity: American Mineralogist, v. 98, no. 11-12, p. 2144-2154, https://doi.org/10.2138/am.2013.4510.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2144","endPage":"2154","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291211,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291210,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am.2013.4510"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","city":"Dalton;Lafayette;Trenton","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -85.61,33.63 ], [ -85.61,35.0 ], [ -82.77,35.0 ], [ -82.77,33.63 ], [ -85.61,33.63 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"98","issue":"11-12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-11-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f286e4b0bc0bec0a0426","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clauer, Norbert","contributorId":9182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clauer","given":"Norbert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fallick, Anthony E.","contributorId":107210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fallick","given":"Anthony","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eberl, Dennis D.","contributorId":68388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberl","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Honty, Miroslav","contributorId":91034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Honty","given":"Miroslav","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Huff, Warren D.","contributorId":90228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huff","given":"Warren","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Auberti, Amelie","contributorId":51220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auberti","given":"Amelie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70118373,"text":"70118373 - 2013 - The influence of oxalate-promoted growth of saponite and talc crystals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-28T09:59:12","indexId":"70118373","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-28T15:29:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1245,"text":"Clays and Clay Minerals","onlineIssn":"1552-8367","printIssn":"0009-8604","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The influence of oxalate-promoted growth of saponite and talc crystals","docAbstract":"The intercalating growth of new silicate layers or metal hydroxide layers in the interlayer space of other clay minerals is known from various mixed-layer clay minerals such as illite-smectite (I-S), chlorite-vermiculite, and mica-vermiculite. In a recent study, the present authors proposed that smectite-group minerals can be synthesized from solution as new 2:1 silicate layers within the low-charge interlayers of rectorite. That study showed how oxalate catalyzes the crystallization of saponite from a silicate gel at low temperatures (60ºC) and ambient pressure. As an extension of this work the aim of the present study was to test the claim that new 2:1 silicate layers can be synthesized as new intercalating layers in the low-charge interlayers of rectorite and whether oxalate could promote such an intercalation synthesis. Two experiments were conducted at 60ºC and atmospheric pressure. First, disodium oxalate solution was added to a suspension of rectorite in order to investigate the effects that oxalate anions have on the structure of rectorite. In a second experiment, silicate gel of saponitic composition (calculated interlayer charge −0.33 eq/O<sub>10</sub>(OH)<sub>2</sub>) was mixed with a suspension of rectorite and incubated in disodium oxalate solution. The synthesis products were extracted after 3 months and analyzed by X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The treatment of ultrathin sections with octadecylammonium (n<sub>C</sub> = 18) cations revealed the presence of 2:1 layer silicates with different interlayer charges that grew from the silicate gel. The oxalate-promoted nucleation of saponite and talc crystallites on the rectorite led to the alteration and ultimately to the destruction of the rectorite structure. The change was documented in HRTEM lattice-fringe images. The crystallization of new 2:1 layer silicates also occurred within the expandable interlayers of rectorite but not as new 2:1 silicate layers parallel to the previous 2:1 silicate layers. Instead, they grew independently of any orientation predetermined by the rectorite crystal substrate and their crystallization was responsible for the destruction of the rectorite structure.","language":"English","publisher":"The Clay Minerals Society","doi":"10.1346/CCMN.2013.0610413","usgsCitation":"Schumann, D., Hartman, H., Eberl, D.D., Sears, S.K., Hesse, R., and Vali, H., 2013, The influence of oxalate-promoted growth of saponite and talc crystals: Clays and Clay Minerals, v. 61, no. 4, p. 342-360, https://doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.2013.0610413.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"342","endPage":"360","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291208,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"61","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f286e4b0bc0bec0a0428","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schumann, Dirk","contributorId":58198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schumann","given":"Dirk","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hartman, Hyman","contributorId":80595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartman","given":"Hyman","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eberl, Dennis D.","contributorId":68388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberl","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sears, S. Kelly","contributorId":97016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sears","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"Kelly","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hesse, Reinhard","contributorId":37659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hesse","given":"Reinhard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Vali, Hojatollah","contributorId":85520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vali","given":"Hojatollah","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70118361,"text":"70118361 - 2013 - Thickness distributions and evolution of growth mechanisms of NH4-illite from the fossil hydrothermal system of Harghita Bai, Eastern Carpathians, Romania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-28T09:59:28","indexId":"70118361","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-28T15:14:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1245,"text":"Clays and Clay Minerals","onlineIssn":"1552-8367","printIssn":"0009-8604","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thickness distributions and evolution of growth mechanisms of NH4-illite from the fossil hydrothermal system of Harghita Bai, Eastern Carpathians, Romania","docAbstract":"<p>The crystal growth of NH<sub>4</sub>-illite (NH<sub>4</sub>-I) from the hydrothermal system of Harghita Bãi (Eastern Carpathians) was deduced from the shapes of crystal thickness distributions (CTDs). The 4-illite-smectite (I-S) interstratified structures (R1, R2, and R3-type ordering) with a variable smectite-layer content. The NH<sub>4</sub>-I-S (40–5% S) structures were identified underground in a hydrothermal breccia structure, whereas the K-I/NH<sub>4</sub>-I mixtures were found at the deepest level sampled (−110 m). The percentage of smectite interlayers generally decreases with increasing depth in the deposit. This decrease in smectite content is related to the increase in degree of fracturing in the breccia structure and corresponds to a general increase in mean illite crystal thickness. In order to determine the thickness distributions of NH<sub>4</sub>-I crystals (fundamental illite particles) which make up the NH<sub>4</sub>-I-S interstratified structures and the NH<sub>4,</sub>-I/K-I mixtures, 27 samples were saturated with Li<sup>+</sup> and aqueous solutions of PVP-10 to remove swelling and then were analyzed by X-ray diffraction. The profiles for the mean crystallite thickness (T<sub>mean</sub>) and crystallite thickness distribution (CTD) of NH<sub>4</sub>-I crystallites were determined by the Bertaut-Warren-Averbach method using the <i>MudMaster</i> computer code. The T<sub>mean</sub> of NH<sub>4</sub>-I from NH<sub>4</sub>-I-S samples ranges from 3.4 to 7.8 nm. The T<sub>mean</sub> measured for the NH<sub>4</sub>-I/K-I mixture phase ranges from 7.8 nm to 11.7 nm (NH<sub>4</sub>-I) and from 12.1 to 24.7 nm (K-I).</p><p>The CTD shapes of NH<sub>4</sub>-I fundamental particles are asymptotic and lognormal, whereas illites from NH<sub>4</sub>-I/K-I mixtures have bimodal shapes related to the presence of two lognormal-like CTDs corresponding to NH<sub>4</sub>-I and K-I.</p><p>The crystal-growth mechanism for NH<sub>4</sub>-I samples was simulated using the <i>Galoper</i> code. Reaction pathways for NH<sub>4</sub>-I crystal nucleation and growth could be determined for each sample by plotting their CTD parameters on an α–β<sup>2</sup> diagram constructed using <i>Galoper</i>. This analysis shows that NH<sub>4</sub>-I crystals underwent simultaneous nucleation and growth, followed by surface-controlled growth without simultaneous nucleation.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Clay Minerals Society","doi":"10.1346/CCMN.2013.0610415","usgsCitation":"Bobos, I., and Eberl, D.D., 2013, Thickness distributions and evolution of growth mechanisms of NH4-illite from the fossil hydrothermal system of Harghita Bai, Eastern Carpathians, Romania: Clays and Clay Minerals, v. 61, no. 4, p. 375-391, https://doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.2013.0610415.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"375","endPage":"391","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291205,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Romania","otherGeospatial":"Harghita Bai","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 25.629151,46.3757 ], [ 25.629151,46.39137 ], [ 25.643549,46.39137 ], [ 25.643549,46.3757 ], [ 25.629151,46.3757 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"61","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f286e4b0bc0bec0a042a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bobos, Iuliu","contributorId":87463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bobos","given":"Iuliu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eberl, Dennis D.","contributorId":68388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberl","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70118360,"text":"70118360 - 2013 - A quantitative X-ray diffraction inventory of the tephra and volcanic glass inputs into the Holocene marine sediment archives off Iceland: A contribution to V.A.S.T.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-28T15:09:26","indexId":"70118360","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-28T15:01:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3096,"text":"Polar Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A quantitative X-ray diffraction inventory of the tephra and volcanic glass inputs into the Holocene marine sediment archives off Iceland: A contribution to V.A.S.T.","docAbstract":"This paper re-evaluates how well quantitative x-ray diffraction (qXRD) can be used as an exploratory method of the weight percentage (wt%) of volcaniclastic sediment, and to identify tephra events in marine cores. In the widely used RockJock v6 software programme, qXRD tephra and glass standards include the rhyodacite White River tephra (Alaska), a rhyolitic tephra (Hekla-4) and the basaltic Saksunarvatn tephra. Experiments of adding known wt% of tephra to felsic bedrock samples indicated that additions ≥10 wt% are accurately detected, but reliable estimates of lesser amounts are masked by amorphous material produced by milling. Volcaniclastic inputs range between 20 and 50 wt%. Primary tephra events are identified as peaks in residual qXRD glass wt% from fourth-order polynomial fits. In cores where tephras have been identified by shard counts in the > 150 µm fraction, there is a positive correlation (validation) with peaks in the wt% glass estimated by qXRD. Geochemistry of tephra shards confirms the presence of several Hekla-sourced tephras in cores B997-317PC1 and -319PC2 on the northern Iceland shelf. In core B997-338 (north-west Iceland), there are two rhyolitic tephras separated by ca. 100 cm with uncorrected radiocarbon dates on articulated shells of around 13 000 yr B.P. These tephras may be correlatives of the Borrobol and Penifiler tephras found in Scotland. The number of Holocene tephra events per 1000 yr was estimated from qXRD on 16 cores and showed a bimodal distribution with an increased number of events in both the late and early Holocene.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Polar Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Norwegian Polar Institute","doi":"10.3402/polar.v32i0.11130","usgsCitation":"Andrews, J.T., Kristjansdottir, G.B., Eberl, D.D., and Jennings, A.E., 2013, A quantitative X-ray diffraction inventory of the tephra and volcanic glass inputs into the Holocene marine sediment archives off Iceland: A contribution to V.A.S.T.: Polar Research, v. 32, https://doi.org/10.3402/polar.v32i0.11130.","startPage":"11130","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":473643,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3402/polar.v32i0.11130","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":291201,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291200,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3402/polar.v32i0.11130"}],"country":"Iceland","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -24.55,63.3 ], [ -24.55,66.57 ], [ -13.5,66.57 ], [ -13.5,63.3 ], [ -24.55,63.3 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"32","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-02-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f286e4b0bc0bec0a042c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andrews, John T.","contributorId":19886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kristjansdottir, Greta B.","contributorId":42147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kristjansdottir","given":"Greta","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eberl, Dennis D.","contributorId":68388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberl","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jennings, Anne E.","contributorId":38876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"Anne","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70118320,"text":"70118320 - 2013 - Feeding ecology of pelagic larval Burbot in Northern Lake Huron, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-23T10:49:27","indexId":"70118320","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-28T13:24:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Feeding ecology of pelagic larval Burbot in Northern Lake Huron, Michigan","docAbstract":"<p>Burbot <i>Lota lota</i> are a key demersal piscivore across the Laurentian Great Lakes whose populations have declined by about 90% in recent decades. Larval Burbot typically hatch in the early spring and rely on abundant crustacean zooplankton prey. We examined the stomach contents of larval Burbot from inshore (&le;15 m) and offshore sites (37 and 91 m) in northern Lake Huron, Michigan. Concurrent zooplankton vertical tows at the same sites showed that the prey community was dominated by calanoid copepods, dreissenid mussel veligers, and rotifers. Burbot consumed mostly cyclopoid copepods, followed by copepod nauplii and calanoid copepods. Chesson's index of selectivity was calculated and compared among sites and months for individual Burbot. According to this index, larval Burbot exhibited positive selection for cyclopoid copepods and copepod nauplii and negative selection for calanoid copepods, cladocerans, rotifers, and dreissenid veligers. This selectivity was consistent across sites and throughout the sampling period. Burbot displayed little variation in their prey preferences during the larval stage, which suggests that the recent shifts in zooplankton abundance due to the invasion of the predatory zooplankter <i>Bythotrephes longimanus</i> and competition from invasive Rainbow Smelt <i>Osmerus mordax</i> could negatively impact larval Burbot populations.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2013.788561","usgsCitation":"George, E.M., Roseman, E., Davis, B.M., and O’Brien, T.P., 2013, Feeding ecology of pelagic larval Burbot in Northern Lake Huron, Michigan: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 142, no. 6, p. 1716-1723, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2013.788561.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1716","endPage":"1723","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291176,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291175,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2013.788561"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Lake Huron","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -84.7717,43.0009 ], [ -84.7717,46.5501 ], [ -79.6539,46.5501 ], [ -79.6539,43.0009 ], [ -84.7717,43.0009 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"142","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-11-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"567bd3bce4b0a04ef491a1fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"George, Ellen M. egeorge@usgs.gov","contributorId":3941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"George","given":"Ellen","email":"egeorge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roseman, Edward F.","contributorId":100334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roseman","given":"Edward F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davis, Bruce M. bmdavis@usgs.gov","contributorId":4227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Bruce","email":"bmdavis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"O’Brien, Timothy P. 0000-0003-4502-5204 tiobrien@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4502-5204","contributorId":2662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Brien","given":"Timothy","email":"tiobrien@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70118301,"text":"70118301 - 2013 - Current research issues related to post-wildfire runoff and erosion processes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-11T15:51:13","indexId":"70118301","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-28T12:40:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1431,"text":"Earth-Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Current research issues related to post-wildfire runoff and erosion processes","docAbstract":"Research into post-wildfire effects began in the United States more than 70 years ago and only later extended to other parts of the world. Post-wildfire responses are typically transient, episodic, variable in space and time, dependent on thresholds, and involve multiple processes measured by different methods. These characteristics tend to hinder research progress, but the large empirical knowledge base amassed in different regions of the world suggests that it should now be possible to synthesize the data and make a substantial improvement in the understanding of post-wildfire runoff and erosion response. Thus, it is important to identify and prioritize the research issues related to post-wildfire runoff and erosion. Priority research issues are the need to: (1) organize and synthesize similarities and differences in post-wildfire responses between different fire-prone regions of the world in order to determine common patterns and generalities that can explain cause and effect relations; (2) identify and quantify functional relations between metrics of fire effects and soil hydraulic properties that will better represent the dynamic and transient conditions after a wildfire; (3) determine the interaction between burned landscapes and temporally and spatially variable meso-scale precipitation, which is often the primary driver of post-wildfire runoff and erosion responses; (4) determine functional relations between precipitation, basin morphology, runoff connectivity, contributing area, surface roughness, depression storage, and soil characteristics required to predict the timing, magnitudes, and duration of floods and debris flows from ungaged burned basins; and (5) develop standard measurement methods that will ensure the collection of uniform and comparable runoff and erosion data. Resolution of these issues will help to improve conceptual and computer models of post-wildfire runoff and erosion processes.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2013.03.004","usgsCitation":"Moody, J.A., Shakesby, R., Robichaud, P., Cannon, S.H., and Martin, D.A., 2013, Current research issues related to post-wildfire runoff and erosion processes: Earth-Science Reviews, v. 122, p. 10-37, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2013.03.004.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"10","endPage":"37","ipdsId":"IP-037471","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":291156,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291155,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2013.03.004"}],"volume":"122","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f286e4b0bc0bec0a042e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moody, John A. 0000-0003-2609-364X jamoody@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2609-364X","contributorId":771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moody","given":"John","email":"jamoody@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shakesby, Richard A.","contributorId":72314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shakesby","given":"Richard A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robichaud, Peter R.","contributorId":102782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robichaud","given":"Peter R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cannon, Susan H. cannon@usgs.gov","contributorId":1019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"Susan","email":"cannon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Martin, Deborah A. 0000-0001-8237-0838 damartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8237-0838","contributorId":1900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Deborah","email":"damartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":496716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70118268,"text":"70118268 - 2013 - Atmospheric mercury and fine particulate matter in coastal New England: implications for mercury and trace element sources in the northeastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-05T11:52:18","indexId":"70118268","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-28T10:41:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":924,"text":"Atmospheric Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Atmospheric mercury and fine particulate matter in coastal New England: implications for mercury and trace element sources in the northeastern United States","docAbstract":"Intensive sampling of ambient atmospheric fine particulate matter was conducted at Woods Hole, Massachusetts over a four-month period from 3 April to 29 July, 2008, in conjunction with year-long deployment of the USGS Mobile Mercury Lab. Results were obtained for trace elements in fine particulate matter concurrently with determination of ambient atmospheric mercury speciation and concentrations of ancillary gasses (SO<sub>2</sub>, NO<sub>x</sub>, and O<sub>3</sub>). For particulate matter, trace element enrichment factors greater than 10 relative to crustal background values were found for As, Bi, Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, Sb, V, and Zn, indicating contribution of these elements by anthropogenic sources. For other elements, enrichments are consistent with natural marine (Na, Ca, Mg, Sr) or crustal (Ba, Ce, Co, Cs, Fe, Ga, La, Rb, Sc, Th, Ti, U, Y) sources, respectively. Positive matrix factorization was used together with concentration weighted air-mass back trajectories to better define element sources and their locations. Our analysis, based on events exhibiting the 10% highest PM<sub>2.5</sub> contributions for each source category, identifies coal-fired power stations concentrated in the U.S. Ohio Valley, metal smelting in eastern Canada, and marine and crustal sources showing surprisingly similar back trajectories, at times each sampling Atlantic coastal airsheds. This pattern is consistent with contribution of Saharan dust by a summer maximum at the latitude of Florida and northward transport up the Atlantic Coast by clockwise circulation of the summer Bermuda High. Results for mercury speciation show diurnal production of RGM by photochemical oxidation of Hg° in a marine environment, and periodic traverse of the study area by correlated RGM-SO<sub>2</sub>(NO<sub>x</sub>) plumes, indicative of coal combustion sources.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.07.031","usgsCitation":"Kolker, A., Engle, M.A., Peucker-Ehrenbrink, B., Geboy, N., Krabbenhotft, D.P., Bothner, M., and Tate, M., 2013, Atmospheric mercury and fine particulate matter in coastal New England: implications for mercury and trace element sources in the northeastern United States: Atmospheric Environment, v. 79, p. 760-768, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.07.031.","startPage":"760","endPage":"768","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":473644,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.07.031","text":"External Repository"},{"id":291128,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291127,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.07.031"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -70.697498,41.513339 ], [ -70.697498,41.546624 ], [ -70.639856,41.546624 ], [ -70.639856,41.513339 ], [ -70.697498,41.513339 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"79","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f286e4b0bc0bec0a0432","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kolker, Allan 0000-0002-5768-4533 akolker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5768-4533","contributorId":643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolker","given":"Allan","email":"akolker@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Engle, Mark A. 0000-0001-5258-7374 engle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5258-7374","contributorId":584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engle","given":"Mark","email":"engle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peucker-Ehrenbrink, Bernhard 0000-0002-3819-992X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3819-992X","contributorId":78657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peucker-Ehrenbrink","given":"Bernhard","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":496662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Geboy, Nicholas J. ngeboy@usgs.gov","contributorId":3860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geboy","given":"Nicholas J.","email":"ngeboy@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Krabbenhotft, David P.","contributorId":19887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhotft","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bothner, Michael H. mbothner@usgs.gov","contributorId":139855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bothner","given":"Michael H.","email":"mbothner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":496660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Tate, Michael T. 0000-0003-1525-1219 mttate@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1525-1219","contributorId":3144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tate","given":"Michael T.","email":"mttate@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70118239,"text":"70118239 - 2013 - cBathy: A robust algorithm for estimating nearshore bathymetry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-28T09:42:35","indexId":"70118239","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-28T09:38:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2315,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"cBathy: A robust algorithm for estimating nearshore bathymetry","docAbstract":"A three-part algorithm is described and tested to provide robust bathymetry maps based solely on long time series observations of surface wave motions. The first phase consists of frequency-dependent characterization of the wave field in which dominant frequencies are estimated by Fourier transform while corresponding wave numbers are derived from spatial gradients in cross-spectral phase over analysis tiles that can be small, allowing high-spatial resolution. Coherent spatial structures at each frequency are extracted by frequency-dependent empirical orthogonal function (EOF). In phase two, depths are found that best fit weighted sets of frequency-wave number pairs. These are subsequently smoothed in time in phase 3 using a Kalman filter that fills gaps in coverage and objectively averages new estimates of variable quality with prior estimates. Objective confidence intervals are returned. Tests at Duck, NC, using 16 surveys collected over 2 years showed a bias and root-mean-square (RMS) error of 0.19 and 0.51 m, respectively but were largest near the offshore limits of analysis (roughly 500 m from the camera) and near the steep shoreline where analysis tiles mix information from waves, swash and static dry sand. Performance was excellent for small waves but degraded somewhat with increasing wave height. Sand bars and their small-scale alongshore variability were well resolved. A single ground truth survey from a dissipative, low-sloping beach (Agate Beach, OR) showed similar errors over a region that extended several kilometers from the camera and reached depths of 14 m. Vector wave number estimates can also be incorporated into data assimilation models of nearshore dynamics.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"publisher":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans","doi":"10.1002/jgrc.20199","usgsCitation":"Plant, N.G., Holman, R., and Holland, K.T., 2013, cBathy: A robust algorithm for estimating nearshore bathymetry: Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans, v. 118, no. 5, p. 2595-2609, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrc.20199.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"2595","endPage":"2609","ipdsId":"IP-040687","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":291099,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291078,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jgrc.20199"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","city":"Duck","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75.776116,36.150973 ], [ -75.776116,36.231587 ], [ -75.736833,36.231587 ], [ -75.736833,36.150973 ], [ -75.776116,36.150973 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"118","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-05-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f287e4b0bc0bec0a0434","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plant, Nathaniel G. 0000-0002-5703-5672 nplant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5703-5672","contributorId":3503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plant","given":"Nathaniel","email":"nplant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holman, Rob","contributorId":46432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holman","given":"Rob","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holland, K. Todd","contributorId":68748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holland","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"Todd","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70148415,"text":"70148415 - 2013 - Occurrence and mobility of mercury in groundwater: Chapter 5","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-12T19:06:45","indexId":"70148415","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-27T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"title":"Occurrence and mobility of mercury in groundwater: Chapter 5","docAbstract":"<p>1. Introduction</p>\n<div id=\"Title2\" class=\"section\">\n<p class=\"section-title\">1.1. FORMS, TOXICITY, AND HEALTH EFFECTS</p>\n<p id=\"P1\">Mercury (Hg) has long been identified as an element that is injurious, even lethal, to living organisms. Exposure to its inorganic form, mainly from elemental Hg (Hg(0)) vapor (<a class=\"xref-link\" href=\"http://www.intechopen.com/books/current-perspectives-in-contaminant-hydrology-and-water-resources-sustainability/occurrence-and-mobility-of-mercury-in-groundwater#B53\">Fitzgerald &amp; Lamborg, 2007</a>) can cause damage to respiratory, neural, and renal systems (<a class=\"xref-link\" href=\"http://www.intechopen.com/books/current-perspectives-in-contaminant-hydrology-and-water-resources-sustainability/occurrence-and-mobility-of-mercury-in-groundwater#B76\">Hutton, 1987</a>;&nbsp;<a class=\"xref-link\" href=\"http://www.intechopen.com/books/current-perspectives-in-contaminant-hydrology-and-water-resources-sustainability/occurrence-and-mobility-of-mercury-in-groundwater#B151\">USEPA, 2012</a>;&nbsp;<a class=\"xref-link\" href=\"http://www.intechopen.com/books/current-perspectives-in-contaminant-hydrology-and-water-resources-sustainability/occurrence-and-mobility-of-mercury-in-groundwater#B159\">WHO, 2012</a>). The organic form, methylmercury (CH<sub>3</sub>Hg<sup>+</sup>; MeHg), is substantially more toxic than the inorganic form (<a class=\"xref-link\" href=\"http://www.intechopen.com/books/current-perspectives-in-contaminant-hydrology-and-water-resources-sustainability/occurrence-and-mobility-of-mercury-in-groundwater#B53\">Fitzgerald &amp; Lamborg, 2007</a>). Methylmercury attacks the nervous system and exposure can prove lethal, as demonstrated by well-known incidents such as those in 1956 in Minimata, Japan (<a class=\"xref-link\" href=\"http://www.intechopen.com/books/current-perspectives-in-contaminant-hydrology-and-water-resources-sustainability/occurrence-and-mobility-of-mercury-in-groundwater#B70\">Harada, 1995</a>), and 1971 in rural Iraq (<a class=\"xref-link\" href=\"http://www.intechopen.com/books/current-perspectives-in-contaminant-hydrology-and-water-resources-sustainability/occurrence-and-mobility-of-mercury-in-groundwater#B8\">Bakir et al., 1973</a>), where, in the former, industrial release of MeHg into coastal waters severely tainted the fish caught and eaten by the local population, and in the latter, grain seed treated with an organic mercurial fungicide was not planted, but eaten in bread instead. Resultant deaths are not known with certainty but have been estimated at about 100 and 500, respectively (<a class=\"xref-link\" href=\"http://www.intechopen.com/books/current-perspectives-in-contaminant-hydrology-and-water-resources-sustainability/occurrence-and-mobility-of-mercury-in-groundwater#B76\">Hutton, 1987</a>). Absent such lethal accidents, human exposure to MeHg comes mainly from ingestion of piscivorous fish in which MeHg has accumulated, with potential fetal damage ascribed to high fish diets during their mothers&rsquo; pregnancies (<a class=\"xref-link\" href=\"http://www.intechopen.com/books/current-perspectives-in-contaminant-hydrology-and-water-resources-sustainability/occurrence-and-mobility-of-mercury-in-groundwater#B147\">USEPA, 2001</a>). Lesser human exposure occurs through ingestion of drinking water (USEPA, 2001), where concentrations of total Hg (THg; inorganic plus organic forms) typically are in the low nanograms-per-liter range<a href=\"http://www.intechopen.com/books/current-perspectives-in-contaminant-hydrology-and-water-resources-sustainability/occurrence-and-mobility-of-mercury-in-groundwater#idp6214592\"><span class=\"generated\">[1] -&nbsp;</span></a>, particularly from many groundwater sources, and concentrations at the microgram-per-liter level are rare.</p>\n</div>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Current perspectives in contaminant hydrology and water resources sustainability","language":"English","publisher":"InTech","doi":"10.5772/55487","usgsCitation":"Barringer, J., Szabo, Z., and Reilly, P.A., 2013, Occurrence and mobility of mercury in groundwater: Chapter 5, chap. <i>of</i> Current perspectives in contaminant hydrology and water resources sustainability, p. 117-149, https://doi.org/10.5772/55487.","productDescription":"33 p.","startPage":"117","endPage":"149","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-041831","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320015,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"570e1c35e4b0ef3b7ca24c3c","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Bradley, Paul M. 0000-0001-7522-8606 pbradley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Paul","email":"pbradley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626591,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Barringer, Julia L.","contributorId":59419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barringer","given":"Julia L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Szabo, Zoltan 0000-0002-0760-9607 zszabo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0760-9607","contributorId":138827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szabo","given":"Zoltan","email":"zszabo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reilly, Pamela A. 0000-0002-2937-4490 jankowsk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2937-4490","contributorId":653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reilly","given":"Pamela","email":"jankowsk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70047262,"text":"ofr20131144 - 2013 - Near-field receiving water monitoring of trace metals and a benthic community near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in south San Francisco Bay, California, 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-27T11:45:43","indexId":"ofr20131144","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-27T11:32:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1144","title":"Near-field receiving water monitoring of trace metals and a benthic community near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in south San Francisco Bay, California, 2012","docAbstract":"Trace-metal concentrations in sediment and in the clam Macoma petalum (formerly reported as Macoma balthica), clam reproductive activity, and benthic macroinvertebrate community structure were investigated in a mudflat 1 kilometer south of the discharge of the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant (PARWQCP) in South San Francisco Bay, Calif. This report includes the data collected by U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) scientists for the period January to December 2012. These data serve as the basis for the City of Palo Alto’s Near-Field Receiving Water Monitoring Program, initiated in 1994.\n\nFollowing significant reductions in the late 1980s, silver (Ag) and copper (Cu) concentrations in sediment and in M. petalum appear to have stabilized. Data for other metals, including chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn), have been collected since 1994. Over this period, concentrations of these elements have remained relatively constant, aside from seasonal variation that is common to all elements. In 2012, concentrations of Ag and Cu in M. petalum varied seasonally in response to a combination of site-specific metal exposures and annual growth and reproduction, as reported for previous time periods. Seasonal patterns for other elements, including Cr, Ni, Zn, Hg, and Se were generally similar in timing and magnitude as those for Ag and Cu. In 2012, metal concentrations in both sediments and clam tissue were among the lowest concentrations on record. This record suggests that regional-scale factors now largely control sedimentary and bioavailable concentrations of Ag and Cu, as well as other elements of regulatory interest, at the Palo Alto site.\n\nAnalyses of the benthic community structure of a mudflat in South San Francisco Bay over a 39-year period show that changes in the community have occurred concurrent with reduced concentrations of metals in the sediment and in the tissues of the biosentinel clam, M. petalum, from the same area. Analysis of the M. petalum community shows increases in reproductive activity concurrent with the decline in metal concentrations in the tissues of this organism. Reproductive activity is presently stable (2012), with almost all animals initiating reproduction in the fall and spawning the following spring. The community has shifted from being dominated by several opportunistic species to a community where the species are more similar in abundance, a pattern that indicates a more stable community that is subjected to fewer stressors. In addition, two of the opportunistic species (Ampelisca abdita and Streblospio benedicti) that brood their young and live on the surface of the sediment in tubes have shown a continual decline in dominance coincident with the decline in metals; both species had short-lived rebounds in abundance in 2008, 2009, and 2010. Heteromastus filiformis (a subsurface polychaete worm that lives in the sediment, consumes sediment and organic particles residing in the sediment, and reproduces by laying its eggs on or in the sediment) showed a concurrent increase in dominance and, in the last several years before 2008, showed a stable population. H. filiformis abundance increased slightly in 2011–2012. An unidentified disturbance occurred on the mudflat in early 2008 that resulted in the loss of the benthic animals, except for those deep-dwelling animals like Macoma petalum. Animals immediately returned to the mudflat in 2008, which was the first indication that the disturbance was not due to a persistent toxin or to anoxia. The reproductive mode of most species present in 2012 is reflective of the species that were available either as pelagic larvae or as mobile adults. Although oviparous species were lower in number in this group, the authors hypothesize that these species will return slowly as more species move back into the area. The use of functional ecology was highlighted in the 2012 benthic community data, which show that the animals that have now returned to the mudflat are those that can respond successfully to a physical, nontoxic disturbance. Today, community data show a mix of animals that consume the sediment, filter feed, have pelagic larvae that must survive landing on the sediment, and brood their young. USGS scientists continue to observe the community’s response to the 2008 defaunation event because it allows them to examine the response of the community to a natural disturbance (possible causes include sediment accretion or freshwater inundation) and compare this recovery to the long-term recovery observed in the 1970s when the decline in sediment pollutants was the dominating factor.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131144","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Palo Alto, California","usgsCitation":"Dyke, J., Thompson, J.K., Cain, D.J., Kleckner, A.E., Parcheso, F., Luoma, S.N., and Hornberger, M.I., 2013, Near-field receiving water monitoring of trace metals and a benthic community near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in south San Francisco Bay, California, 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1144, vi, 109 p.; Tables; Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131144.","productDescription":"vi, 109 p.; Tables; Appendixes","numberOfPages":"117","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2012-01-01","temporalEnd":"2012-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":434,"text":"National Research Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275491,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131144.gif"},{"id":275489,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1144/of2013-1144_tables.xlsx"},{"id":275490,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1144/of2013-1144_appendixes.xlsx"},{"id":275487,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1144/"},{"id":275488,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1144/of2013-1144_text.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.75,36.75 ], [ -122.75,38.5 ], [ -121.5,38.5 ], [ -121.5,36.75 ], [ -122.75,36.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f4ddd9e4b0838938b28033","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dyke, Jessica jldyke@usgs.gov","contributorId":1035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dyke","given":"Jessica","email":"jldyke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":481556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, Janet K. 0000-0002-1528-8452 jthompso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1528-8452","contributorId":1009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Janet","email":"jthompso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cain, Daniel J. 0000-0002-3443-0493 djcain@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3443-0493","contributorId":1784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cain","given":"Daniel","email":"djcain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kleckner, Amy E. kleckner@usgs.gov","contributorId":4258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kleckner","given":"Amy","email":"kleckner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Parcheso, Francis 0000-0002-9471-7787 parchaso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9471-7787","contributorId":2590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parcheso","given":"Francis","email":"parchaso@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":481560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Luoma, Samuel N. 0000-0001-5443-5091 snluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-5091","contributorId":2287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"Samuel","email":"snluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hornberger, Michelle I. 0000-0002-7787-3446 mhornber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7787-3446","contributorId":1037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hornberger","given":"Michelle","email":"mhornber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70047261,"text":"ofr20131150 - 2013 - Abundance, distribution, and population trends of the iconic Hawaiian Honeycreeper, the ʻIʻiwi (Vestiaria coccinea) throughout the Hawaiian Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-27T11:27:51","indexId":"ofr20131150","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-27T11:22:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1150","title":"Abundance, distribution, and population trends of the iconic Hawaiian Honeycreeper, the ʻIʻiwi (Vestiaria coccinea) throughout the Hawaiian Islands","docAbstract":"Naturalists in the 1800s described the ʻIʻiwi (Vestiaria coccinea) as one of the most abundant forest birds, detected in forested areas from sea level to tree line across all the major Hawaiian Islands. However, in the late 1800s, ʻIʻiwi began to disappear from low elevation forests, and by the mid-1900s, the species was largely absent from low- and mid-elevation areas. Today, ʻIʻiwi are restricted to high-elevation forests on the islands of Hawaiʻi, east Maui, and Kauaʻi, with a few birds apparently persisting on Oʻahu, Molokaʻi, and west Maui. ʻIʻiwi are highly vulnerable to introduced disease, and the prevalence of avian malaria in low and mid-elevations is believed to be the cause of ʻIʻiwi being restricted to high elevations where temperatures are too cold for the development of the disease and its mosquito vector. With global warming, it is feared that the disease will move quickly into the high-elevation forests where the last ʻIʻiwi reside, threatening their viability. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service was petitioned to list the ʻIʻiwi as an Endangered Species in 2010, and this report provides a comprehensive review of the abundance, distribution, and trends using historical survey data as well as the most recently available survey information (up to 2012). We estimate the total population size of ‘I‘iwi at 550,972–659,864 (mean = 605,418) individuals. Of these, 90 percent are on the island of Hawaiʻi, followed by east Maui (about 10 percent), with less than 1 percent on Kauaʻi. ʻIʻiwi population trends vary across the islands. ʻIʻiwi population in Kauaʻi has experienced sharp declines, with a projected trend of 92 percent decline over a 25 year period based on the 2000–2012 surveys. On East Maui, the northeastern region has experienced declines (34 percent over a 25 year period), while the southeastern region has been stable to moderately increasing. On the island of Hawaiʻi, population trends are mixed. On the windward side, populations are largely declining, although the northern section (Hakalau Forest) has stable populations. On the leeward side, results suggest a strongly increasing population, with estimates of as much as a 147 percent increase over a 25 year period from the Puʻu Waʻawaʻa region. However, it is unclear how much these results from the leeward side of Hawaiʻi show a population trend contrary to population trends in all other areas or are an artifact of a sparsely sampled area. Trends by elevation suggest a large decrease in numbers of ʻIʻiwi at elevations below 1,200 meters on Kauaʻi and northeast Maui. Low elevation ʻIʻiwi populations also appear to have decreased in other regions, although low-elevation areas are not surveyed as often as other areas because of their lack of native forest birds. An exception to this pattern was the lower portions of the Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge Kona Unit in the central leeward part of the island of Hawaiʻi, where populations appeared stable at the lower elevations. Based on the most recent surveys (up to 2012), approximately 50 percent of ʻIʻiwi live in a narrow, 500-meter band at elevations of 1,200–1,700 meters, suggesting that ʻIʻiwi are vulnerable to future shifts in climate.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131150","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Hawai‘i Cooperative Studies Unit, University of Hawaiʻi Hilo","usgsCitation":"Paxton, E.H., Gorresen, P.M., and Camp, R., 2013, Abundance, distribution, and population trends of the iconic Hawaiian Honeycreeper, the ʻIʻiwi (Vestiaria coccinea) throughout the Hawaiian Islands: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1150, iv, 59 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131150.","productDescription":"iv, 59 p.","numberOfPages":"63","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275486,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131150.jpg"},{"id":275484,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1150/"},{"id":275485,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1150/pdf/ofr20131150.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -178.31,18.91 ], [ -178.31,28.4 ], [ -154.81,28.4 ], [ -154.81,18.91 ], [ -178.31,18.91 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f4ddd1e4b0838938b2802b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paxton, Eben H. 0000-0001-5578-7689","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5578-7689","contributorId":19640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paxton","given":"Eben","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gorresen, P. Marcos mgorresen@usgs.gov","contributorId":37020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gorresen","given":"P.","email":"mgorresen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Marcos","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Camp, Richard J.","contributorId":27392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Camp","given":"Richard J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70047260,"text":"ofr20131129 - 2013 - Analytical approaches used in stream benthic macroinvertebrate biomonitoring programs of State agencies in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-27T11:15:32","indexId":"ofr20131129","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-27T11:08:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1129","title":"Analytical approaches used in stream benthic macroinvertebrate biomonitoring programs of State agencies in the United States","docAbstract":"Biomonitoring programs based on benthic macroinvertebrates are well-established worldwide. Their value, however, depends on the appropriateness of the analytical techniques used. All United States State, benthic macroinvertebrate biomonitoring programs were surveyed regarding the purposes of their programs, quality-assurance and quality-control procedures used, habitat and water-chemistry data collected, treatment of macroinvertebrate data prior to analysis, statistical methods used, and data-storage considerations. State regulatory mandates (59 percent of programs), biotic index development (17 percent), and Federal requirements (15 percent) were the most frequently reported purposes of State programs, with the specific tasks of satisfying the requirements for 305b/303d reports (89 percent), establishment and monitoring of total maximum daily loads, and developing biocriteria being the purposes most often mentioned. Most states establish reference sites (81 percent), but classify them using State-specific methods. The most often used technique for determining the appropriateness of a reference site was Best Professional Judgment (86 percent of these states). Macroinvertebrate samples are almost always collected by using a D-frame net, and duplicate samples are collected from approximately 10 percent of sites for quality assurance and quality control purposes. Most programs have macroinvertebrate samples processed by contractors (53 percent) and have identifications confirmed by a second taxonomist (85 percent). All States collect habitat data, with most using the Rapid Bioassessment Protocol visual-assessment approach, which requires ~1 h/site. Dissolved oxygen, pH, and conductivity are measured in more than 90 percent of programs. Wide variation exists in which taxa are excluded from analyses and the level of taxonomic resolution used. Species traits, such as functional feeding groups, are commonly used (96 percent), as are tolerance values for organic pollution (87 percent). Less often used are tolerance values for metals (28 percent). Benthic data are infrequently modified (34 percent) prior to analysis. Fixed-count subsampling is used widely (83 percent), with the number of organisms sorted ranging from 100 to 600 specimens. Most programs include a step during sample processing to acquire rare taxa (79 percent). Programs calculate from 2 to more than100 different metrics (mean 20), and most formulate a multimetric index (87 percent). Eleven of the 112 metrics reported represent 50 percent of all metrics considered to be useful, and most of these are based on richness or percent composition. Biotic indices and tolerance metrics are most oftenused in the eastern U.S., and functional and habitat-type metrics are most often used in the western U.S. Sixty-nine percent of programs analyze their data in-house, typically performing correlations and regressions, and few use any form of data transformation (34 percent). Fifty-one percent of the programs use multivariate analyses, typically non-metric multi-dimensional scaling. All programs have electronic data storage. Most programs use the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (75 percent) for nomenclature and to update historical data (78 percent). State procedures represent a diversity of biomonitoring approaches which likely compromises comparability among programs. A national-state consensus is needed for: (1) developing methods for the identification of reference conditions and reference sites, (2) standardization in determining and reporting species richness, (3) testing and documenting both the theoretical and mechanistic basis of often-used metrics, (4) development of properly replicated point-source study designs, and (5) curation of benthic macroinvertebrate data, including reference and voucher collections, for successful evaluation of future environmental changes.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131129","usgsCitation":"Carter, J.L., and Resh, V.H., 2013, Analytical approaches used in stream benthic macroinvertebrate biomonitoring programs of State agencies in the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1129, vi, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131129.","productDescription":"vi, 50 p.","numberOfPages":"56","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":434,"text":"National Research Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275483,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131129.png"},{"id":275481,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1129/"},{"id":275482,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1129/pdf/ofr20131129.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f4ddd9e4b0838938b2802f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carter, James L. 0000-0002-0104-9776 jlcarter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0104-9776","contributorId":3278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"James","email":"jlcarter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Resh, Vincent H.","contributorId":12169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Resh","given":"Vincent","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70047222,"text":"70047222 - 2013 - Susceptibility of eastern U.S. habitats to invasion of Celastrus orbiculatus (oriental bittersweet) following fire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-26T15:44:09","indexId":"70047222","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-26T15:27:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Susceptibility of eastern U.S. habitats to invasion of Celastrus orbiculatus (oriental bittersweet) following fire","docAbstract":"Fire effects on invasive species are an important land management issue in areas subjected to prescribed fires as well as wildfires. These effects on invasive species can be manifested across life stages. The liana <i>Celastrus orbiculatus</i> (oriental bittersweet) is a widespread invader of eastern US habitats including those where fire management is in practice. This study examined if prescribed fire makes these habitats more susceptible to invasion of <i>C. orbiculatus</i> by seed at Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore. Four treatments (control, litter removed, high and low intensity fire) were applied in six habitat types (sand savanna/woodland, sand prairie, moraine prairie, sand oak forest, beech-maple forest, and oak-hickory forest) and germinating seedlings were tracked over two growing seasons. Treatment did not have a significant effect on the germination, survival, or biomass of <i>C. orbiculatus</i>. However, habitat type did influence these responses mostly in the first growing season. Moraine prairie, beech-maple forest, and oak-hickory forests had the greatest peak percentage of germinants. Moraine prairie had significantly greater survival than oak forest and savanna habitats. Control plots with intact litter, and the moraine prairie habitat had the tallest seedlings at germination, while tallest final heights and greatest aboveground biomass were highest in oak forest. Thus, fire and litter removal did not increase the susceptibility of these habitats to germination and survival of <i>C. orbiculatus</i>. These results indicate that most eastern US habitats are vulnerable to invasion by this species via seed regardless of the level or type of disturbance to the litter layer.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Forest Ecology and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2013.03.019","usgsCitation":"Leicht-Young, S.A., Pavlovic, N.B., and Grundel, R., 2013, Susceptibility of eastern U.S. habitats to invasion of Celastrus orbiculatus (oriental bittersweet) following fire: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 302, p. 85-96, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2013.03.019.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"85","endPage":"96","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-044634","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275476,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275475,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2013.03.019"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","otherGeospatial":"Indiana Dunes","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -87.222797,41.609748 ], [ -87.222797,41.68438 ], [ -87.009077,41.68438 ], [ -87.009077,41.609748 ], [ -87.222797,41.609748 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"302","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f38c5ee4b0a32220222f3f","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2013.03.019","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2013.03.019","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Leicht-Young Stacey A., Pavlovic Noel B., Grundel Ralph","journalName":"Forest Ecology and Management","publicationDate":"8/2013","auditedOn":"11/1/2014"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leicht-Young, Stacey A.","contributorId":80506,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leicht-Young","given":"Stacey","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pavlovic, Noel B. 0000-0002-2335-2274 npavlovic@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2335-2274","contributorId":1976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavlovic","given":"Noel","email":"npavlovic@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grundel, Ralph 0000-0002-2949-7087 rgrundel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2949-7087","contributorId":2444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grundel","given":"Ralph","email":"rgrundel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70046824,"text":"70046824 - 2013 - TerraSAR-X interferometry reveals small-scale deformation associated with the summit eruption of Kilauea Volcano, Hawai‘i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-30T08:58:34","indexId":"70046824","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-26T15:17:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"TerraSAR-X interferometry reveals small-scale deformation associated with the summit eruption of Kilauea Volcano, Hawai‘i","docAbstract":"On 19 March 2008, a small explosive eruption at the summit of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i, heralded the formation of a new vent along the east wall of Halema‘uma‘u Crater. In the ensuing years, the vent widened due to collapses of the unstable rim and conduit wall; some collapses impacted an actively circulating lava pond and resulted in small explosive events. We used synthetic aperture radar data collected by the TerraSAR-X satellite, a joint venture between the German Aerospace Center (DLR) and EADS Astrium, to identify and analyze small-scale surface deformation around the new vent during 2008-2012. Lidar data were used to construct a digital elevation model to correct for topographic phase, allowing us to generate differential interferograms with a spatial resolution of about 3 m in Kīlauea's summit area. These interferograms reveal subsidence within about 100 m of the rim of the vent. Small baseline subset time series analysis suggests that the subsidence rate is not constant and, over time, may provide an indication of vent stability and potential for rim and wall collapse -- information with obvious hazard implications. The deformation is not currently detectable by other space- or ground-based techniques.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/grl.50286","usgsCitation":"Richter, N., Poland, M., and Lundgren, P.R., 2013, TerraSAR-X interferometry reveals small-scale deformation associated with the summit eruption of Kilauea Volcano, Hawai‘i: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 40, no. 7, p. 1279-1283, https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.50286.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1279","endPage":"1283","numberOfPages":"5","ipdsId":"IP-042377","costCenters":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275474,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275473,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/grl.50286"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -155.5,19.166667 ], [ -155.5,19.5 ], [ -154.833333,19.5 ], [ -154.833333,19.166667 ], [ -155.5,19.166667 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"40","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-04-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f38c5fe4b0a32220222f47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richter, Nichole","contributorId":40495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richter","given":"Nichole","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poland, Michael P. 0000-0001-5240-6123 mpoland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-6123","contributorId":635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"Michael P.","email":"mpoland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":480369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lundgren, Paul R.","contributorId":68199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lundgren","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70047213,"text":"70047213 - 2013 - The participatory vulnerability scoping diagram - deliberative risk ranking for community water systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-14T14:35:26","indexId":"70047213","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-26T15:06:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":797,"text":"Annals of the Association of American Geographers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The participatory vulnerability scoping diagram - deliberative risk ranking for community water systems","docAbstract":"Natural hazards and climate change present growing challenges to community water system (CWS) managers, who are increasingly turning to vulnerability assessments to identify, prioritize, and adapt to risks. Effectively assessing CWS vulnerability requires information and participation from various sources, one of which is stakeholders. In this article, we present a deliberative risk-ranking methodology, the participatory vulnerability scoping diagram (P-VSD), which allows rapid assessment and integration of multiple stakeholder perspectives of vulnerability. This technique is based on methods of deliberative risk evaluation and the vulnerability scoping diagram. The goal of the methodology is to engage CWS managers and stakeholders collectively to provide qualitative contextual risk rankings as a first step in a vulnerability assessment. We conduct an initial assessment using a case study of CWS in two U.S. counties, sites with broadly similar exposures but differences in population, land use, and other social sensitivity factors. Results demonstrate that CWS managers and stakeholders in the two case study communities all share the belief that their CWS are vulnerable to hazards but differ in how this vulnerability manifests itself in terms of the exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity of the system.","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00045608.2013.754673","usgsCitation":"Howe, P.D., Yarnal, B., Coletti, A., and Wood, N.J., 2013, The participatory vulnerability scoping diagram - deliberative risk ranking for community water systems: Annals of the Association of American Geographers, v. 2, no. 103, p. 343-352, https://doi.org/10.1080/00045608.2013.754673.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"343","endPage":"352","numberOfPages":"10","ipdsId":"IP-032858","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275472,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275396,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00045608.2013.754673"}],"volume":"2","issue":"103","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f38c5fe4b0a32220222f4b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howe, Peter D.","contributorId":60931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howe","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yarnal, Brent","contributorId":31839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yarnal","given":"Brent","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coletti, Alex","contributorId":69866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coletti","given":"Alex","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wood, Nathan J. 0000-0002-6060-9729 nwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6060-9729","contributorId":3347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Nathan","email":"nwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70047250,"text":"70047250 - 2013 - Strongly gliding harmonic tremor during the 2009 eruption of  Redoubt Volcano","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-26T15:04:12","indexId":"70047250","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-26T14:57:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Strongly gliding harmonic tremor during the 2009 eruption of  Redoubt Volcano","docAbstract":"During the 2009 eruption of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska, gliding harmonic tremor occurred prominently before six nearly consecutive explosions during the second half of the eruptive sequence. The fundamental frequency repeatedly glided upward from &lt; 1 Hz to as high as 30 Hz in less than 10 min, followed by a relative seismic quiescence of 10 to 60 s immediately prior to explosion. High frequency (5 to 20 Hz) gliding returned during the extrusive phase, and lasted for 20 min to 3 h at a time. Although harmonic tremor is not uncommon at volcanoes, tremor at such high frequencies is a rare observation. These frequencies approach or exceed the plausible upper limits of many models that have been suggested for volcanic tremor. We also analyzed the behavior of a swarm of repeating earthquakes that immediately preceded the first instance of pre-explosion gliding harmonic tremor. We find that these earthquakes share several traits with upward gliding harmonic tremor, and favor the explanation that the gliding harmonic tremor at Redoubt Volcano is created by the superposition of increasingly frequent and regular, repeating stick–slip earthquakes through the Dirac comb effect.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.01.001","usgsCitation":"Hotovec, A.J., Prejean, S.G., Vidale, J.E., and Gomberg, J.S., 2013, Strongly gliding harmonic tremor during the 2009 eruption of  Redoubt Volcano: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 259, p. 89-99, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.01.001.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"89","endPage":"99","numberOfPages":"11","ipdsId":"IP-038591","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275471,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275470,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.01.001"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Redoubt Volcano","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -153.0,60.416667 ], [ -153.0,60.616667 ], [ -152.333333,60.616667 ], [ -152.333333,60.416667 ], [ -153.0,60.416667 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"259","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f38c5ee4b0a32220222f3b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hotovec, Alicia J.","contributorId":88039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hotovec","given":"Alicia","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prejean, Stephanie G. sprejean@usgs.gov","contributorId":2602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prejean","given":"Stephanie","email":"sprejean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":481517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vidale, John E.","contributorId":48850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vidale","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gomberg, Joan S. 0000-0002-0134-2606 gomberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0134-2606","contributorId":1269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gomberg","given":"Joan","email":"gomberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70046957,"text":"70046957 - 2013 - Strategies for fitting nonlinear ecological models in R, AD Model Builder, and BUGS","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-26T14:32:35","indexId":"70046957","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-26T14:24:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2717,"text":"Methods in Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Strategies for fitting nonlinear ecological models in R, AD Model Builder, and BUGS","docAbstract":"1.  Ecologists often use nonlinear fitting techniques to estimate the parameters of complex ecological models, with attendant frustration. This paper compares three open-source model fitting tools and discusses general strategies for defining and fitting models.  \n<br>\n2. R is convenient and (relatively) easy to learn, AD Model Builder is fast and robust but comes with a steep learning curve, while BUGS provides the greatest flexibility at the price of speed.  \n<br>\n3.  Our model-fitting suggestions range from general cultural advice (where possible, use the tools and models that are most common in your subfield) to specific suggestions about how to change the mathematical description of models to make them more amenable to parameter estimation.  \n<br>\n4.  A companion web site (https://groups.nceas.ucsb.edu/nonlinear-modeling/projects) presents detailed examples of application of the three tools to a variety of typical ecological estimation problems; each example links both to a detailed project report and to full source code and data.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Methods in Ecology and Evolution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/2041-210X.12044","usgsCitation":"Bolker, B.M., Gardner, B., Maunder, M., Berg, C.W., Brooks, M., Comita, L., Crone, E., Cubaynes, S., Davies, T., de Valpine, P., Ford, J., Gimenez, O., Kéry, M., Kim, E.J., Lennert-Cody, C., Magunsson, A., Martell, S., Nash, J., Nielson, A., Regentz, J., Skaug, H., and Zipkin, E., 2013, Strategies for fitting nonlinear ecological models in R, AD Model Builder, and BUGS: Methods in Ecology and Evolution, v. 4, no. 6, p. 501-512, https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.12044.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"501","endPage":"512","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-043950","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473645,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210x.12044","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":275467,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274828,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/2041-210X.12044/abstract"},{"id":275466,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.12044"}],"volume":"4","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-04-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f38c5de4b0a32220222f37","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bolker, Benjamin 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,{"id":70047255,"text":"fs20133049 - 2013 - Tallgrass prairie restoration: seeding for success","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-02T12:24:12","indexId":"fs20133049","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-26T14:14:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-3049","title":"Tallgrass prairie restoration: seeding for success","docAbstract":"Tallgrass prairie is one of the most imperiled ecosystems on Earth. A 2004 estimate indicated that only 2.4 percent of the original northern tallgrass prairie remained in the United States. If tallgrass prairie and the species dependent on it are to survive, management must include restoration of cropland and degraded prairies, in addition to preservation of the few remaining fragments. Despite the importance of restoration and its long history (the first tallgrass prairie restoration was started in 1935 at Curtis Prairie in Wisconsin), few studies have been undertaken with the goal of refining restoration practice. This fact sheet contains the results of one such study, started in 2005, in which we compared three seeding methods (dormant-season broadcast, growing-season broadcast, and growing-season drill) fully crossed with low (10-), medium (20-), and high (34-species) seed mixes replicated 12 times on each of 9 former agricultural fields in Minnesota and Iowa. Plots were 12.2 x 12.2 meters (m) and occupied about 1.6 hectares (ha) (4 acres) of each field. A “successful” restoration is one in which cover and richness of planted species is maximized and cover of exotic and invasive species, especially the noxious weed Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense), is minimized. Details of the planting methods can be located in Larson and others (2011).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20133049","usgsCitation":"Larson, D.L., 2013, Tallgrass prairie restoration: seeding for success: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2013-3049, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20133049.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275465,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20133049.gif"},{"id":275463,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3049/"},{"id":275464,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3049/pdf/fs2013-3049.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa;Minnesota","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.24,40.53 ], [ -97.24,49.38 ], [ -89.49,49.38 ], [ -89.49,40.53 ], [ -97.24,40.53 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f38c5ee4b0a32220222f43","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larson, Diane L. 0000-0001-5202-0634 dlarson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5202-0634","contributorId":2120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"Diane","email":"dlarson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70047078,"text":"70047078 - 2013 - Spatial education: improving conservation delivery through space-structured decision making","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T12:00:56","indexId":"70047078","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-26T13:50:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2287,"text":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial education: improving conservation delivery through space-structured decision making","docAbstract":"Adaptive management is a form of structured decision making designed to guide management of natural resource systems when their behaviors are uncertain. Where decision making can be replicated across units of a landscape, learning can be accelerated, and biological processes can be understood in a larger spatial context. Broad-based partnerships among land management agencies, exemplified by Landscape Conservation Cooperatives (conservation partnerships created through the U.S. Department of the Interior), are potentially ideal environments for implementing spatially structured adaptive management programs.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","doi":"10.3996/082012-JFWM-069","usgsCitation":"Moore, C., Shaffer, T.L., and Gannon, J., 2013, Spatial education: improving conservation delivery through space-structured decision making: Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management, v. 4, no. 1, p. 199-210, https://doi.org/10.3996/082012-JFWM-069.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"199","endPage":"210","ipdsId":"IP-043204","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473646,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3996/082012-jfwm-069","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":275460,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275459,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3996/082012-JFWM-069"}],"volume":"4","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f38c5de4b0a32220222f33","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, Clinton T.","contributorId":9767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Clinton T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shaffer, Terry L. 0000-0001-6950-8951 tshaffer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6950-8951","contributorId":3192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaffer","given":"Terry","email":"tshaffer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gannon, Jill J.","contributorId":12722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gannon","given":"Jill J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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