This report has been prepared to provide information to organizations that may be asked to participate in a program to upgrade the global seismographic network. In most cases, the organizations that will be offered new instrumentation by the U.S. Geological Survey currently operate stations in the World-Wide Standardized Seismograph Network (WWSSN) or the Global Digital Seismograph Network (GDSN).
The deployment of the WWSSN in the 1960's and the subsequent equipping of some WWSSN stations with digital equipment and borehole seismometers during the 1970's has been a remarkably successful program that generated the high- quality data needed to fuel an unprecedented period of progress in earthquake and tectonic research. The success of the WWSSN can be attributed to the importance of the data, to the strong commitment by participating organizations to international scientific cooperation, to the dedication and skill of the station operators, and to the resourcefulness of the staff supporting the network. Benefits have been widespread. The community of scientists world-wide has benefited from unrestricted access to a standardized base of calibrated data, and the participating stations have benefited from the donation of modern observatory instruments that have been useful for local earthquake studies and for the training of scientists and engineers.
Now, an exciting opportunity has arisen to deploy a new generation of seismograph systems to replace the outdated equipment at many of the WWSSN and GDSN stations. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is cooperating with the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) in a program to upgrade the global seismograph network. The equipment development phase is nearly complete with a prototype of the new broadband seismograph system currently undergoing final testing at the USGS Albuquerque Seismological Laboratory. Deployment of the new equipment is expected to begin in early 1990.
As this report will demonstrate, the IRIS broadband seismograph system combines the very latest data acquisition and computer technology to produce seismic data with unprecedented bandwidth and dynamic range. Moreover, the system has been designed so that the high-quality digital data are accessible for local display and analysis. The functional design of the new system, which uses off-the-shelf modules and a standard computer bus, will make it much easier than it has been in the past to modify and upgrade the data acquisition system as improvements in technology become available. With adequate support for the program, the new IRIS seismograph system need never become obsolete.
We want you to be aware of our plans and the possibility that you may be asked to participate in this ,program. The schedule for upgrading WWSSN and GDSN stations depends on the level of funding earmarked for the program by our National Science Foundation. We hope to deploy at least ten new GSN data systems each year. If you have any questions concerning this program, please contact the Albuquerque Seismological Laboratory, U.S. Geological Survey, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87115-5000.
This report was revised in February 1992 in order to update information concerning the current program and instrumentation. The amp in Figure 1 was revised in June 1993, April 1994, December 1994, and September 1996 to reflect updated siting information. In September 1996 a composite photo of standard and optional components of the IRIS-2 GSN system hardware was added as a separate page between Figures 9 and 10.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr89471","usgsCitation":"Peterson, J., and Hutt, C.R., 1989, IRIS/USGS plans for upgrading the Global Seismograph Network (Report revised in 1992, map in 1996): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-471, iii, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr89471.","productDescription":"iii, 43 p.","costCenters":[{"id":122,"text":"Albuquerque Seismological Laboratory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":9717,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0471/ofr89-471.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.45 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 1989-0471"},{"id":147958,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0471/coverthb.jpg"}],"edition":"Report revised in 1992, map in 1996","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fbdc8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, Jon","contributorId":67522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"Jon","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":171080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hutt, Charles R. 0000-0001-9033-9195 bhutt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9033-9195","contributorId":1622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutt","given":"Charles","email":"bhutt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":171079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":15323,"text":"ofr89335 - 1989 - Isotopic evidence for evolution of sub-continental mantle during Red Sea rifting","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-29T11:40:11","indexId":"ofr89335","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-335","title":"Isotopic evidence for evolution of sub-continental mantle during Red Sea rifting","docAbstract":"Tertiary igneous rocks from near Al Lith, Saudi Arabia are alkaline to subalkaline and bimodal in composition, and document early and late rift volcanism (≥30 Ma to ~20 Ma, 11 Ma and 3 Ma) in the central part of the Red Sea rift. Isotopic and trace-element data from twenty-five samples are presented and used to characterize basalt sources in the early rift.
\nInferred primary isotopic compositions of alkalic basalts and some tholeiites indicate a common mantle source. Many of the felsic volcanics are isotopically indistinguishable from these mafic rocks; they likely represent products of fractional crystallization, or anatectic melts of mafic Al Lith precursors. l43Nd/144Nd and 87Sr/86Sr ratios for most Al Lith rocks show limited variation (87Sr/86Sri = 0.7030 to 0.7033, ε -Nd=+6 to +8). They plot near enriched MORB and between the isotopic compositions of recent magmas from the Red Sea spreading axis and less depleted to enriched basalts from the East African rift. Pb isotopic compositions are MORB-like and moderately radiogenic in 206Pb/204Pb. Normalized incompatible trace-element abundances and oceanic Pb/Ce indicate sources similar to those for enriched MORB and OIB and distinct from subduction-dominated source regions. As in many continental basalt fields, high l43Nd/144Nd and relatively low Sr and Pb isotopic ratios, despite incompatible-element enrichment, indicate that source enrichment was not an ancient event; it probably took place as a precursor to rift magmatism.
\nThese data are consistent with a multi-stage model of sub-rift mantle evolution. Depleted lithospheric mantle in the spinel-lherzolite fades was veined by incompatible-element rich fluids, then partially melted. Melt equilibration and fractionation took place over a large depth range, producing transitional alkaline-subalkaline basalts during early rift magmatism. In the axis of the rift, depleted asthenospheric mantle upwelled and displaced the veined lithosphere, eventually producing MORB at the Red Sea axis. However, basalts from the veined lithospheric mantle continue to be erupted from the Arabian margin of the rift.
\nAnomalous, old (> 2 Ga) continental-affinity Pb, radiogenic Sr and low ε-Nd values found in some of the subalkaline Al Lith rocks are explained by crustal contamination, not by Dupal mantle sources.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr89335","usgsCitation":"Pallister, J.S., and Hegner, E., 1989, Isotopic evidence for evolution of sub-continental mantle during Red Sea rifting: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-335, ii, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr89335.","productDescription":"ii, 25 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":44253,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0335/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":146457,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0335/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Saudi Arabia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 39,\n 20\n ],\n [\n 39,\n 21\n ],\n [\n 40.5,\n 21\n ],\n [\n 40.5,\n 20\n ],\n [\n 39,\n 20\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db667012","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pallister, John S. 0000-0002-2041-2147 jpallist@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2041-2147","contributorId":2024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pallister","given":"John","email":"jpallist@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":170955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hegner, Ernst","contributorId":57465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hegner","given":"Ernst","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":4158,"text":"cir1034 - 1989 - Geohydrologic aspects for siting and design of low-level radioactive-waste disposal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-27T12:11:23","indexId":"cir1034","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1034","title":"Geohydrologic aspects for siting and design of low-level radioactive-waste disposal","docAbstract":"The objective for siting and design of low-level radioactive-waste repository sites is to isolate the waste from the biosphere until the waste no longer poses an unacceptable hazard as a result of radioactive decay. Low-level radioactive waste commonly is isolated at shallow depths with various engineered features to stabilize the waste and to reduce its dissolution and transport by ground water. The unsaturated zone generally is preferred for isolating the waste. Low-level radioactive waste may need to be isolated for 300 to 500 years. Maintenance and monitoring of the repository site are required by Federal regulations for only the first 100 years. Therefore, geohydrology of the repository site needs to provide natural isolation of the waste for the hazardous period following maintenance of the site. Engineering design of the repository needs to be compatible with the natural geohydrologic conditions at the site. Studies at existing commercial and Federal waste-disposal sites provide information on the problems encountered and the basis for establishing siting guidelines for improved isolation of radioactive waste, engineering design of repository structures, and surveillance needs to assess the effectiveness of the repositories and to provide early warning of problems that may require remedial action.
Climate directly affects the hydrology of a site and probably is the most important single factor that affects the suitability of a site for shallow-land burial of low-level radioactive waste. Humid and subhumid regions are not well suited for shallow isolation of low-level radioactive waste in the unsaturated zone; arid regions with zero to small infiltration from precipitation, great depths to the water table, and long flow paths to natural discharge areas are naturally well suited to isolation of the waste. The unsaturated zone is preferred for isolation of low-level radioactive waste. The guiding rationale is to minimize contact of water with the waste and to minimize transport of waste from the repository. The hydrology of a flow system containing a repository is greatly affected by the engineering of the repository site. Prediction of the performance of the repository is a complex problem, hampered by problems of characterizing the natural and manmade features of the flow system and by the limitations of models to predict flow and geochemical processes in the saturated and unsaturated zones. Disposal in low-permeability unfractured clays in the saturated zone may be feasible where the radionuclide transport is controlled by diffusion rather than advection.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/cir1034","usgsCitation":"Bedinger, M.S., 1989, Geohydrologic aspects for siting and design of low-level radioactive-waste disposal: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1034, iv, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1034.","productDescription":"iv, 36 p.","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":31268,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1989/1034/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124744,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1989/1034/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8f58","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bedinger, M. S.","contributorId":65452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bedinger","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":14981,"text":"ofr89533 - 1989 - Software listing for the setup and calibration of the EG&G model 630 vector measuring current meter","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:00","indexId":"ofr89533","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-533","title":"Software listing for the setup and calibration of the EG&G model 630 vector measuring current meter","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr89533","usgsCitation":"Miller, G., 1989, Software listing for the setup and calibration of the EG&G model 630 vector measuring current meter: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-533, i, 58 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr89533.","productDescription":"i, 58 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":148243,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0533/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":43791,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0533/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49efe4b07f02db5edd07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, G.K.","contributorId":43793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"G.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":14978,"text":"ofr89153 - 1989 - A low-power geophysical data-acquisition system; modification II","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":17684,"text":"ofr84267 - 1984 - Software listings and major electronic circuits and components of the ocean bottom instrument package (OBIP)","indexId":"ofr84267","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"Software listings and major electronic circuits and components of the ocean bottom instrument package (OBIP)"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":14978,"text":"ofr89153 - 1989 - A low-power geophysical data-acquisition system; modification II","indexId":"ofr89153","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"title":"A low-power geophysical data-acquisition system; modification II"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:59","indexId":"ofr89153","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-153","title":"A low-power geophysical data-acquisition system; modification II","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr89153","usgsCitation":"Miller, G., 1989, A low-power geophysical data-acquisition system; modification II: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-153, iii, 90 p. ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr89153.","productDescription":"iii, 90 p. ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":148142,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0153/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":43788,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0153/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae23e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, G.K.","contributorId":43793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"G.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":14912,"text":"ofr89334 - 1989 - Hydrogeochemical survey of groundwater for selected areas in the Arabian Shield and in cover rocks, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-02T18:10:54","indexId":"ofr89334","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-334","title":"Hydrogeochemical survey of groundwater for selected areas in the Arabian Shield and in cover rocks, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","docAbstract":"In the spring of 1984, a hydrogeochemical survey was conducted in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to test ground water as a sampling medium in exploration for mineral deposits. Eighty-one water samples (mostly from wells) were collected. The samples were analysed for the presence and concentration of major cations and anions, as well as a suite of trace elements. Most of the water samples contained high concentrations of dissolved salts. The majority of the samples showed no significant amounts of the trace elements. A few well-water samples contained moderately anomalous concentrations of zinc, molybdenum, and uranium. These anomalies could be due to salinity effects, contamination, or the proximity of mineral sources. This survey has established some baseline water-chemistry data, especially for the trace metals, which to date have not been reported in ground water in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr89334","usgsCitation":"McHugh, J., and Miller, W.R., 1989, Hydrogeochemical survey of groundwater for selected areas in the Arabian Shield and in cover rocks, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-334, ii, 38 p. ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr89334.","productDescription":"ii, 38 p. ill. ;28 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":43720,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0334/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":146338,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0334/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Saudi Arabia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 39,\n 32\n ],\n [\n 39,\n 28\n ],\n [\n 42,\n 28\n ],\n [\n 42,\n 32\n ],\n [\n 39,\n 32\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 45,\n 21\n ],\n [\n 45,\n 25\n ],\n [\n 50,\n 25\n ],\n [\n 50,\n 21\n ],\n [\n 45,\n 21\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 38,\n 24\n ],\n [\n 38,\n 27\n ],\n [\n 44,\n 27\n ],\n [\n 44,\n 24\n ],\n [\n 38,\n 24\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a50e4b07f02db628de2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McHugh, John B.","contributorId":64651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McHugh","given":"John B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, W. Roger","contributorId":60191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Roger","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":20129,"text":"ofr89261 - 1989 - Cyclic injection, storage, and withdrawal of heated water in a sandstone aquifer at St. Paul, Minnesota: Field observations, preliminary model analysis, and aquifer thermal efficiency","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-19T10:20:50","indexId":"ofr89261","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-261","title":"Cyclic injection, storage, and withdrawal of heated water in a sandstone aquifer at St. Paul, Minnesota: Field observations, preliminary model analysis, and aquifer thermal efficiency","docAbstract":"In May 1980, the University of Minnesota began a project to evaluate the feasibility of storing heated (150 °C (degree Celsius)) water in the deep (180 to 240 m (meters)) Franconia-Ironton-Galesville aquifer and later recovering it for space heating. The Aquifer Thermal-Energy Storage (ATES) system was doublet-well design in which the injection/withdrawal wells were spaced approximately 250 m apart. High-temperature water from the University's steam-generation facilities supplied heat for injection. Water was pumped from one of the wells through a heat exchanger, where heat was added or removed. Water then was injected back into the aquifer through the other well. The experimental plan for testing the ATES system consisted of a series of short-term hot-water injection, storage, and withdrawal cycles. Each cycle was 24-days long, and each injection, storage, and withdrawal step of the cycle was 8 days.
\nThe Franconia-Ironton-Galesville aquifer is a consolidated sandstone, approximately 60 m thick, the top of which is approximately 180 m below the land surface. It is confined above by the St. Lawrence Formation--a dolomitic sandstone 8-m thick--and below by the Eau Claire Formation--a shale 30-m thick. Initial hydraulic testing with inflatable packers indicated that the aquifer has four hydraulic zones with distinctly different values of relative horizontal hydraulic conductivity. The thickness of each zone was determined by correlating data from geophysical logs, core samples, and the inflatablepacker tests.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","doi":"10.3133/ofr89261","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the University of Minnesota and the Minnesota Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Miller, R.T., 1989, Cyclic injection, storage, and withdrawal of heated water in a sandstone aquifer at St. Paul, Minnesota: Field observations, preliminary model analysis, and aquifer thermal efficiency: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-261, viii, 97 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr89261.","productDescription":"viii, 97 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":153231,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0261/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":49670,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0261/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","city":"St. Paul","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.23410034179688,\n 44.83736927811443\n ],\n [\n -93.23410034179688,\n 45.023067895446175\n ],\n [\n -92.92922973632812,\n 45.023067895446175\n ],\n [\n -92.92922973632812,\n 44.83736927811443\n ],\n [\n -93.23410034179688,\n 44.83736927811443\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67eb9c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Robert T.","contributorId":91892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":14259,"text":"ofr89401 - 1989 - Compilation of geohydrologic data collected as part of the areal appraisal of ground-water resources near Branson, Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:45","indexId":"ofr89401","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-401","title":"Compilation of geohydrologic data collected as part of the areal appraisal of ground-water resources near Branson, Missouri","docAbstract":"A rapidly developing retirement community and tourist industry in the Branson, Missouri area has created an increased demand for potable water, especially in the summer months. The rapid pace of residential and business expansion has created concerns regarding the future groundwater availability and quality. Water levels measured in the Ozark aquifer during the summer of 1988 and March 1989 show water levels increasing in 22 wells, decreasing in 2 wells, and remaining the same in 1 well. The water level increases ranged from 1 to 111 ft. These measurements and similar measurements during the summer of 1989 will be used to calibrate a three-dimensional model of groundwater flow in the Branson area and estimate the long-term effect of large groundwater withdrawals during the summer tourist season. A reconnaissance of water quality in 34 wells that are open to the Ozark aquifer shows specific conductance ranging from 347 to 841 microsiemens/cm at 25 C and no fecal coliform bacteria present in any well. Chloride and nitrate concentrations in all wells were well below the Missouri Department of Natural Resources recommended maximum concentrations of 250 mg/L and 10 mg/L, respectively. Analysis of 5 water samples for 33 volatile organic compounds failed to detect any concentrations in excess of the detection limits. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr89401","usgsCitation":"Imes, J., 1989, Compilation of geohydrologic data collected as part of the areal appraisal of ground-water resources near Branson, Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-401, v, 24 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr89401.","productDescription":"v, 24 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":146304,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0401/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":42940,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0401/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1de4b07f02db6a984e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Imes, J. L.","contributorId":61428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Imes","given":"J. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1039,"text":"wsp2305 - 1989 - Sources of coal-mine drainage and their effects on surface-water chemistry in the Claybank Creek basin and vicinity, north-central Missouri, 1983-84","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":12707,"text":"ofr85571 - 1986 - Sources of coal-mine drainage and their effects on surface-water chemistry in the Claybank Creek basin and vicinity, north-central Missouri, 1983-84","indexId":"ofr85571","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"title":"Sources of coal-mine drainage and their effects on surface-water chemistry in the Claybank Creek basin and vicinity, north-central Missouri, 1983-84"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1039,"text":"wsp2305 - 1989 - Sources of coal-mine drainage and their effects on surface-water chemistry in the Claybank Creek basin and vicinity, north-central Missouri, 1983-84","indexId":"wsp2305","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"title":"Sources of coal-mine drainage and their effects on surface-water chemistry in the Claybank Creek basin and vicinity, north-central Missouri, 1983-84"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:17","indexId":"wsp2305","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2305","title":"Sources of coal-mine drainage and their effects on surface-water chemistry in the Claybank Creek basin and vicinity, north-central Missouri, 1983-84","docAbstract":"Eighteen sources of drainage related to past coal-mining activity were identified in the Claybank Creek, Missouri, study area, and eight of them were considered large enough to have detectable effects on receiving streams. However, only three sources (two coal-waste sites and one spring draining an underground mine) significantly affected the chemistry of water in receiving streams. \r\n\r\nCoal wastes in the Claybank Creek basin contributed large quantities of acid drainage to receiving streams during storm runoff. The pH of coal-waste runoff ranged from 2.1 to 2.8. At these small pH values, concentrations of some dissolved metals and dissolved sulfate were a few to several hundred times larger than Federal and State water-quality standards established for these constituents. Effects of acid storm runoff were detected near the mouth of North Fork Claybank Creek where the pH during a small storm was 3.9. \r\n\r\nCoal wastes in the streambeds and seepage from coal wastes also had significant effects on receiving streams during base flows. The receiving waters had pH values between 2.8 and 3.5, and concentrations of some dissolved metals and dissolved sulfate were a few to several hundred times larger than Federal and State water-quality standards. \r\n\r\nMost underground mines in the North Fork Claybank Creek basin seem to be hydraulically connected, and about 80 percent of their discharge surfaced at one site. Drainage from the underground mines contributed most of the dissolved constituents in North Fork Claybank Creek during dry weather. Underground-mine water always had a pH near 5.9 and was well-buffered. It had a dissolved-sulfate concentration of about 2,400 milligrams per liter, dissolved-manganese concentrations ranging from 4.0 to 5.3 milligrams per liter, and large concentrations of ferrous iron. Iron was in the ferrous state because of reducing conditions in the mines. When underground-mine drainage reached the ground surface, the ferrous iron was oxidized and precipitated to form large, orange deposits of ferric hydroxide around the site and in stream beds. \r\n\r\nGenerally, drainage from strip mines had dissolved-sulfate concentrations several times larger than drainage from unmined areas. However, effects of drainage from strip mines on receiving streams were minimal when compared to the drainage from coal wastes and underground mines. \r\n\r\nNo appreciable effects of mine-related drainage were detected in the water of the Claybank Creek arm of Thomas Hill Reservoir at the time of sampling because beaver bogs upstream had trapped suspended coal wastes and moderated the effects. However, the concentration of coal in the bottom material was 60 percent of the coal concentration in coal wastes at Keota, indicating that the reservoir had received these wastes during the past.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"The Office ;\r\nFor sale by the Branch of Distribution Books and Open-File Reports Section U.S. Geological Survey Federal Center,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2305","usgsCitation":"Blevins, D.W., 1989, Sources of coal-mine drainage and their effects on surface-water chemistry in the Claybank Creek basin and vicinity, north-central Missouri, 1983-84: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2305, v, 38 p. :ill. (some col.), maps ;28. cm.; 3 plates in pocket, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2305.","productDescription":"v, 38 p. :ill. (some col.), maps ;28. cm.; 3 plates in pocket","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137995,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2305/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25680,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2305/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25681,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2305/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25682,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2305/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25683,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2305/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e766f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blevins, Dale W. dblevins@usgs.gov","contributorId":2729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blevins","given":"Dale","email":"dblevins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":143075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":20135,"text":"ofr89337 - 1989 - Results of a geochemical survey, Wadi Ash Shu'Bah quadrangle, sheet 26E, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-07T14:10:41","indexId":"ofr89337","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-337","title":"Results of a geochemical survey, Wadi Ash Shu'Bah quadrangle, sheet 26E, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","docAbstract":"The interpretation of geochemical data of a regional survey of the Wadi ash Shu'bah quadrangle resulted in the selection of areas for follow-up studies. The results of the detailed geochemical studies of these areas, combined with field observation, resulted in the identification of areas of moderate and high mineral resource potential. The most important areas are (1) the Jibal Ba'gham area for tin and tungsten resources associated with the post-Hadn Jufayfah syenogranite; (2) the Murran gossan belt, Aqab gossan area, and Rawdah gossan area for massive-sulfide mineralization associated with Hulayfah-group greenstones; (3) the Rawdat al Ba'ayith area and Jibal Abid area for precious- and base-metal mineralization associated with pre-Hadn intermediate-composition plutons; and (4) the Wadi al Qahad area for skarn and precious- and base-metal mineralization associated with pre-Hadn granodiorite.
\nThe Wadi ash Shu'bah quadrangle (sheet 26E) lies in the north-central part of the late Proterozoic Arabian Shield. Plots showing distributions of single elements and factor scores of the regional geochemical data of wadi concentrates were used to identify areas for follow-up work. Detailed follow-up studies consisted of collection of rocks, wadi concentrates, and wadi sediments. The most useful pathfinder elements for precious- and base-metal mineralization are Pb and Cu for tin and Sn, La, Y, Nb, and Be for tungsten mineralization. R-mode factor analyses of the regional wadi-concentrate data resulted in one factor interpreted as reflecting post-Hadn evolved alkalic-granite lithology and, therefore, tin and tungsten mineralization.
\nA major problem in the interpretation of the regional data resulted from the incomplete removal of magnetite before analyses. The magnetite can cause anomalous values for Ni, Fe, V, Cu, and Co because of it's ability to incorporate these elements into it's structure during magmatic crystallization. It is essential that samples be prepared and analyzed in a consistent manner so that the resulting data may be as reliable as possible.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr89337","usgsCitation":"Miller, W.R., and Arnold, M.A., 1989, Results of a geochemical survey, Wadi Ash Shu'Bah quadrangle, sheet 26E, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-337, v, 81 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr89337.","productDescription":"v, 81 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":49678,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0337/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":153355,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0337/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Saudi Arabia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 40,\n 26\n ],\n [\n 40,\n 27\n ],\n [\n 42,\n 27\n ],\n [\n 42,\n 26\n ],\n [\n 40,\n 26\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db6252a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, W. R.","contributorId":92239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arnold, M. A.","contributorId":96697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arnold","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":19706,"text":"ofr89247 - 1989 - Streamflow and water-quality data for Little Clearfield Creek basin, Clearfield County, Pennsylvania, December 1987 - November 1988","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-22T10:54:58","indexId":"ofr89247","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-247","title":"Streamflow and water-quality data for Little Clearfield Creek basin, Clearfield County, Pennsylvania, December 1987 - November 1988","docAbstract":"Streamflow and water quality data were collected throughout the Little Clearfield Creek basin, Clearfield County, Pennsylvania, from December 1987 through November 1988, to determine the existing quality of surface water over a range of hydrologic conditions. This data will assist the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources during its review of coal mine permit applications. A water quality station near the mouth of Little Clearfield Creek provided continuous record of stream stage, pH, specific conductance, and water temperature. Monthly water quality samples collected at this station were analyzed for total and dissolved metals, nutrients, major cations, and suspended sediment concentrations. Seventeen partial record sites, located throughout the basin, were similarly sampled four times during the study. Streamflow and water quality data obtained at these sites during a winter base flow, a spring storm event, a low summer base flow, and a more moderate summer base flow also are presented. (Author 's abstract)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr89247","usgsCitation":"Kostelnik, K.M., and Durlin, R., 1989, Streamflow and water-quality data for Little Clearfield Creek basin, Clearfield County, Pennsylvania, December 1987 - November 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-247, vi, 30 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr89247.","productDescription":"vi, 30 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":153870,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0247/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":49184,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0247/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4e86","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kostelnik, K. M.","contributorId":34951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kostelnik","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Durlin, R.R.","contributorId":67116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durlin","given":"R.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":14149,"text":"ofr89214 - 1989 - A direct method for calculating instrument noise levels in side-by-side seismometer evaluations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-10T11:08:50","indexId":"ofr89214","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-214","title":"A direct method for calculating instrument noise levels in side-by-side seismometer evaluations","docAbstract":"The subject of determining the inherent system noise levels present in modem broadband closed loop seismic sensors has been an evolving topic ever since closed loop systems became available. Closed loop systems are unique in that the system noise can not be determined via a blocked mass test as in older conventional open loop seismic sensors. Instead, most investigators have resorted to performing measurements on two or more systems operating in close proximity to one another and to analyzing the outputs of these systems with respect to one another to ascertain their relative noise levels.
The analysis of side-by-side relative performance is inherently dependent on the accuracy of the mathematical modeling of the test configuration. This report presents a direct approach to extracting the system noise levels of two linear systems with a common coherent input signal. The mathematical solution to the problem is incredibly simple; however the practical application of the method encounters some difficulties. Examples of expected accuracies are presented as derived by simulating real systems performance using computer generated random noise. In addition, examples of the performance of the method when applied to real experimental test data are shown.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr89214","usgsCitation":"Holcomb, L.G., 1989, A direct method for calculating instrument noise levels in side-by-side seismometer evaluations: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-214, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr89214.","productDescription":"35 p.","costCenters":[{"id":122,"text":"Albuquerque Seismological Laboratory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":42797,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0214/ofr89-214.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.77 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 1989-0214"},{"id":145496,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0214/coverthb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4953e4b0b290850ef0df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holcomb, L. Gary","contributorId":26308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holcomb","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"Gary","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":80281,"text":"fwsobs82_10_156 - 1989 - Habitat Suitability Index Models: Black-tailed prairie dog","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-28T16:41:33.96964","indexId":"fwsobs82_10_156","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"82/10.156","subseriesTitle":"Habitat Suitability Index","title":"Habitat Suitability Index Models: Black-tailed prairie dog","docAbstract":"A review and synthesis of existing information were used to develop a Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) model for the black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomus ludovicianus). The model consolidates habitat use information into a framework appropriate for field application, and is scaled to produce an index between 0.0 (unsuitable habitat) to 1.0 (optimum habitat). HSI models are designed to be used with Habitat Evaluation Procedures previously developed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Clippinger, N.W., 1989, Habitat Suitability Index Models: Black-tailed prairie dog: FWS/OBS 82/10.156, vi, 21 p.","productDescription":"vi, 21 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195592,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649cac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clippinger, Norman W.","contributorId":42674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clippinger","given":"Norman","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":49119,"text":"ofr89557M - 1989 - Program SEISRISK III adapted to personal computers computer file, Part M - ASCII format, DOS executable module","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-15T08:59:04","indexId":"ofr89557M","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-557","chapter":"M","title":"Program SEISRISK III adapted to personal computers computer file, Part M - ASCII format, DOS executable module","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr89557M","collaboration":"The USGS does not support this software or technical questions for the software associated with the publication.","usgsCitation":"Arnold, E., 1989, Program SEISRISK III adapted to personal computers computer file, Part M - ASCII format, DOS executable module: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-557, One 3 1/2 inch diskette, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr89557M.","productDescription":"One 3 1/2 inch diskette","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":172251,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267528,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0557m/application.zip"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65e159","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arnold, E.P.","contributorId":18814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arnold","given":"E.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":239065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":59937,"text":"mf2082 - 1989 - Mineral occurrence and drill-hole location map of the International Falls 1 degree by 2 degrees quadrangle, Minnesota and Ontario","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-30T14:34:12.168816","indexId":"mf2082","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2082","title":"Mineral occurrence and drill-hole location map of the International Falls 1 degree by 2 degrees quadrangle, Minnesota and Ontario","docAbstract":"A project to assess the mineral potential of the U.S. part of the International Fall 1° x 2° quadrangle was undertaken by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in the early 1984, as part of the Conterminous United States Mineral Assessment Program (CUSMAP). Because glacial drift covers most of the basement rocks south of the U.S.-Canada border and mineral production in this part of Minnesota has been virtually nonexistent, data from the adjacent part of Ontario has been used to understand the geologic framework and to evaluate mineral-deposit models relevant to the assessment of the U.S. part of the International Falls quadrangle. This map and accompanying tables show the locations of mineral occurrences, prospects and mines in both Canada and the United States, and summarize their lithologic association and the characteristic metals found in them. Locations of drill holes within the United States and completed before 1987 are also included on the map.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/mf2082","usgsCitation":"Klein, T.L., 1989, Mineral occurrence and drill-hole location map of the International Falls 1 degree by 2 degrees quadrangle, Minnesota and Ontario: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2082, 1 Plate: 44.68 x 28.60 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2082.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 44.68 x 28.60 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":180108,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf2082.PNG"},{"id":327298,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2082/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":487381,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_5689.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"250000","country":"Canada, United States","state":"Minnesota, Ontario","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94,48 ], [ -94,49 ], [ -92,49 ], [ -92,48 ], [ -94,48 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db635c99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klein, Terry L. tklein@usgs.gov","contributorId":1244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klein","given":"Terry","email":"tklein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":262863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":49078,"text":"ofr891B - 1989 - FASPUE English version : analytic petroleum resource appraisal microcomputer programs for play analysis using a reservoir-engineering model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-15T08:33:59","indexId":"ofr891B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-1","chapter":"B","title":"FASPUE English version : analytic petroleum resource appraisal microcomputer programs for play analysis using a reservoir-engineering model","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr891B","collaboration":"The USGS does not support this software or technical questions for the software associated with the publication.","usgsCitation":"Crovelli, R.A., and Balay, R.H., 1989, FASPUE English version : analytic petroleum resource appraisal microcomputer programs for play analysis using a reservoir-engineering model: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-1, One 5 1/4 inch diskette, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr891B.","productDescription":"One 5 1/4 inch diskette","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":170374,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267495,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0001b/application.zip"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a06e4b07f02db5f8957","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crovelli, Robert A.","contributorId":92242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crovelli","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":238973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Balay, Richard H.","contributorId":10048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balay","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":238972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":49077,"text":"ofr891A - 1989 - FASPUE English version : analytic petroleum resource appraisal microcomputer programs for play analysis using a reservoir-engineering model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:44","indexId":"ofr891A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-1","chapter":"A","title":"FASPUE English version : analytic petroleum resource appraisal microcomputer programs for play analysis using a reservoir-engineering model","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr891A","usgsCitation":"Crovelli, R.A., and Balay, R.H., 1989, FASPUE English version : analytic petroleum resource appraisal microcomputer programs for play analysis using a reservoir-engineering model: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-1, 15 leaves : ill. ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr891A.","productDescription":"15 leaves : ill. ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":172135,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0001a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":85912,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0001a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a06e4b07f02db5f8973","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crovelli, Robert A.","contributorId":92242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crovelli","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":238971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Balay, Richard H.","contributorId":10048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balay","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":238970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":49120,"text":"ofr89557N - 1989 - Program SEISRISK III adapted to personal computers computer file, Part N - BACKUP format, DOS executable module","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-15T08:59:38","indexId":"ofr89557N","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-557","chapter":"N","title":"Program SEISRISK III adapted to personal computers computer file, Part N - BACKUP format, DOS executable module","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr89557N","collaboration":"The USGS does not support this software or technical questions for the software associated with the publication.","usgsCitation":"Arnold, E., 1989, Program SEISRISK III adapted to personal computers computer file, Part N - BACKUP format, DOS executable module: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-557, Two 5 1/4 inch diskettes, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr89557N.","productDescription":"Two 5 1/4 inch diskettes","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":172252,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267529,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0557n/application.zip"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65e12b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arnold, E.P.","contributorId":18814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arnold","given":"E.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":239066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":52680,"text":"b1857G - 1989 - Gold in placer deposits","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":52680,"text":"b1857G - 1989 - Gold in placer deposits","indexId":"b1857G","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"chapter":"G","title":"Gold in placer deposits"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33277,"text":"b1857 - 1988 - Geology and resources of gold in the United States","indexId":"b1857","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and resources of gold in the United States"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":33277,"text":"b1857 - 1988 - Geology and resources of gold in the United States","indexId":"b1857","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and resources of gold in the United States"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-09T09:55:58","indexId":"b1857G","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1857","chapter":"G","title":"Gold in placer deposits","docAbstract":"Man most likely first obtained gold from placer deposits, more than 6,000 years ago. Placers account for more than two-thirds of the total world gold supply, and roughly half of that mined in the States of California, Alaska, Montana, and Idaho.
Placer deposits result from weathering and release of gold from lode deposits, transportation of the gold, and concentration of the gold dominantly in stream gravels. Unless preserved by burial, a placer subsequently may be eroded, and either dispersed or reconcentrated.
California has produced more than 40 million troy ounces of gold from placers, both modern and fossil (Tertiary). The source of the great bulk of the gold is numerous quartz veins and mineralized zones of the Mother Lode and related systems in the western Sierra Nevada region. The gold-bearing lodes were emplaced in Carboniferous and Jurassic metamorphic rocks intruded by small bodies of Jurassic and Cretaceous igneous rocks. Mineralization occurred probably in Late Cretaceous time. Significant amounts of placer gold also were mined along the Salmon and Trinity Rivers in northern California. Source of the gold is lode deposits in Paleozoic and Mesozoic metamorphic rocks that were intruded by Mesozoic igneous rocks.
Alaska has produced roughly 21 million ounces of gold from placer deposits. Most (about 13 million ounces) has come from the interior region, including 7,600,000 ounces from the Fairbanks district and 1,300,000 ounces from the Iditarod district. Lode sources are believed to be mostly quartz veins in Precambrian or Paleozoic metamorphic rocks intruded by small igneous bodies near Fairbanks, and shear zones in Tertiary(?) quartz monzonite stocks at Iditarod. The Seward Peninsula has produced more than 6 million ounces of placer gold, including about 4,000,000 ounces from the Nome district. Most of the gold was derived from raised beach deposits. Source of the gold probably is Tertiary-mineralized faults and joints in metamorphic rocks of late Precambrian age.
The Helena-Last Chance district, Montana, produced nearly 1 million ounces of gold from placers that were derived from lode deposits in the contact zones of the Cretaceous Boulder batholith granitic rocks intruded into upper Precambrian, Paleozoic, and Mesozoic sedimentary rocks. The Virginia City-Alder Gulch district, Montana, produced more than 2,600,000 ounces of gold, nearly all from placer deposits derived from quartz veins of uncertain age in Archean gneisses and schists. The Boise basin district, Idaho, produced about 2,300,000 ounces of gold, mostly derived from quartz veins in quartz monzonite of the Cretaceous Idaho batholith.
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1989 - TURBOSEIS : an interactive program for constructing and editing models of seismic refraction traveltime data using a color-graphics terminal, Part A","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:08","indexId":"ofr89567A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-567","chapter":"A","title":"TURBOSEIS : an interactive program for constructing and editing models of seismic refraction traveltime data using a color-graphics terminal, Part A","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr89567A","usgsCitation":"Chuchel, B.A., 1989, TURBOSEIS : an interactive program for constructing and editing models of seismic refraction traveltime data using a color-graphics terminal, Part A: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-567, 82 leaves : ill. (some col.) ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr89567A.","productDescription":"82 leaves : ill. (some col.) ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":162397,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0567a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":85927,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0567a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adfe4b07f02db687880","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chuchel, Bruce A. chuchel@usgs.gov","contributorId":2415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chuchel","given":"Bruce","email":"chuchel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":239081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":49128,"text":"ofr89567B - 1989 - TURBOSEIS : an interactive program for constructing and editing models of seismic refraction traveltime data using a color-graphics terminal, Part B","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-15T09:01:40","indexId":"ofr89567B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-567","chapter":"B","title":"TURBOSEIS : an interactive program for constructing and editing models of seismic refraction traveltime data using a color-graphics terminal, Part B","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr89567B","collaboration":"The USGS does not support this software or technical questions for the software associated with the publication.","usgsCitation":"Chuchel, B.A., 1989, TURBOSEIS : an interactive program for constructing and editing models of seismic refraction traveltime data using a color-graphics terminal, Part B: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-567, 1 computer disk (5 1/4 in.), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr89567B.","productDescription":"1 computer disk (5 1/4 in.)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":161888,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267532,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0567b/application.zip"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adfe4b07f02db687887","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chuchel, Bruce A. chuchel@usgs.gov","contributorId":2415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chuchel","given":"Bruce","email":"chuchel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":239082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":61310,"text":"mf1964 - 1989 - Map showing late Quaternary faults and 1978-84 seismicity of the Los Angeles region, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-10T14:31:20.709024","indexId":"mf1964","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1964","title":"Map showing late Quaternary faults and 1978-84 seismicity of the Los Angeles region, California","docAbstract":"The Los Angeles region of California faces the greatest seismic risk of any part of the United States. The region is inhabited by more than 11 million people and is one of the Nation's key commercial and industrial centers. It lies astride a web of potentially active faults, including those segments of the San Andreas fault with the highest probability for generating a great earthquake during the next 30 years (Lindh, 1983; Sykes and Nishenko, 1984; Wesson and Wallace, 1985; U.S. Geological Survey, 1988). Moreover, many potentially active faults that can generate moderate-size, but damaging earthquakes lie within the metropolitan areas. Earthquakes along some of these faults—for example, a magnitude 6.5 event on the Newport-Inglewood zone—could produce losses exceeding those from a great earthquake on the more distant San Andreas fault (Evernden and Thomson, 1985).
This map shows, at 1:250,000 scale, known or suspected late Quaternary faults of the Los Angeles region, the ages of their most recent surface movements, and the associated earthquake activity for a recent 7-year period (1978 through 1984). The geologic and seismologic character of these faults and their potential for generating damaging earthquakes recently were evaluated by Ziony and Yerkes (1985). The map is intended primarily to inform scientists, engineers, and planners of the distribution of those faults that may have a potential for generating damaging earthquakes and (or) displacements of the Earth's surface. The map data also should contribute to further investigations of the seismotectonic setting of the Los Angeles region.
The mapped area extends from lat 33°15' N. to 34°45' N. and from long 116°45' W. to 120°00' W. This region encompasses parts of the Transverse Ranges (including the Santa Ynez, Santa Susana, Santa Monica, San Gabriel, and San Bernardino Mountains), the Los Angeles basin, part of the Mojave Desert, and segments of the Peninsular Ranges (including the Puente Hills, Santa Ana Mountains, and the northern San Jacinto Mountains). Offshore, it includes the eastern Santa Barbara Channel, several of the Channel Islands, the Santa Monica and San Pedro basins, Santa Catalina Island, and part of the Gulf of Santa Catalina.
In addition to the Los Angeles metropolitan area, the cities of Santa Barbara, Ventura, Riverside, and San Bernardino are within the map area.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf1964","usgsCitation":"Ziony, J., and Jones, L.M., 1989, Map showing late Quaternary faults and 1978-84 seismicity of the Los Angeles region, California: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1964, Report: 23 p.; 1 Plate: 50.06 x 33.90 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1964.","productDescription":"Report: 23 p.; 1 Plate: 50.06 x 33.90 inches","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":400390,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1964/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":400389,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1964/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":180283,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1964/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"250000","projection":"National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929","country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Los Angeles","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120,33.25 ], [ -120,34.75 ], [ -116.75,34.75 ], [ -116.75,33.25 ], [ -120,33.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b42fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ziony, Joseph I.","contributorId":16829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ziony","given":"Joseph I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, Lucile M. jones@usgs.gov","contributorId":1014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Lucile","email":"jones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":265368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":66441,"text":"i1823 - 1989 - Surficial geologic map of the Meeker 30' x 60' quadrangle, Garfield, Moffat, Rio Blanco and Routt Counties, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-03T12:29:22","indexId":"i1823","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1823","title":"Surficial geologic map of the Meeker 30' x 60' quadrangle, Garfield, Moffat, Rio Blanco and Routt Counties, Colorado","docAbstract":"This map is one of a series of four 30' x 60' surficial geologic maps (1:100,000 scale) intended to provide basic geologic information for planning for energy resource development and growth in northwestern Colorado. An effort is made to characterize all surficial materials, regardless of origin. Hence, residuum is given much more emphasis than is customary, and this results in several departures from conventional geologic maps: bedrock geology is deemphasized; the part of the map symbol denoting geologic age is omitted for surficial units because all surficial units shown are believed to be of Quaternary age; and faults are not shown because none in this map area was observed to displace surficial materials.
\nFew exposures of most map units exist, except in manmade excavations, such as gravel pits and road cuts. Consequently, thicknesses usually are estimated, and data on stratification, clast size, and relative proportions of matrix and framework clasts are limited to a few localities for each map unit. The Wentworth scale is used to describe grain sizes.
\nMapping was done chiefly on aerial photographs taken in 1953. Hence, landslides and modifications resulting from gravel mining since 1953 may not show on this map. The scales of the aerial photographs (about 1:60,000) and the map (1:100,000) governed the minimum size of the deposits mapped. The minimum thickness of the depostis mapped is about 1.5m in most places. Deposit thickness, although not a mapping criterion, influences the topographic expression of many landforms, and landform is the basis for delineating the surficial deposits shown.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/i1823","usgsCitation":"Madole, R.F., 1989, Surficial geologic map of the Meeker 30' x 60' quadrangle, Garfield, Moffat, Rio Blanco and Routt Counties, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 1823, 52.24 x 30.92 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i1823.","productDescription":"52.24 x 30.92 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":187878,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":107146,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_9941.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"9941"}],"scale":"100000","country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Garfield County, Moffat County, Rio Blanco County, Routt County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -108,40 ], [ -108,40.5 ], [ -107,40.5 ], [ -107,40 ], [ -108,40 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae2e4b07f02db688e9c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Madole, Richard F. 0000-0002-9081-570X madole@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9081-570X","contributorId":1340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madole","given":"Richard","email":"madole@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":274537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":49110,"text":"ofr89557C - 1989 - Program SEISRISK III adapted to personal computers computer file, Part C - ASCII format, OS/2 executable module","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-15T08:49:32","indexId":"ofr89557C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-557","chapter":"C","title":"Program SEISRISK III adapted to personal computers computer file, Part C - ASCII format, OS/2 executable module","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr89557C","collaboration":"The USGS does not support this software or technical questions for the software associated with the publication.","usgsCitation":"Arnold, E., 1989, Program SEISRISK III adapted to personal computers computer file, Part C - ASCII format, OS/2 executable module: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-557, 5 1/4 in. diskette, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr89557C.","productDescription":"5 1/4 in. diskette","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":172132,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267516,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0557c/application.zip"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65e146","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arnold, E.P.","contributorId":18814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arnold","given":"E.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":239056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":59597,"text":"mf2008C - 1989 - Aeromagnetic maps of the Uinta and Piceance Basins and vicinity, Utah and Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-28T17:00:45.946804","indexId":"mf2008C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008","chapter":"C","title":"Aeromagnetic maps of the Uinta and Piceance Basins and vicinity, Utah and Colorado","docAbstract":"In order to understand the evolution of sedimentary basins, it is important to understand their tectonic setting. In a U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) study of the Uinta and Piceance basins in Utah and Colorado, this understanding is approached through characterization of subsurface structure and lithology of a large region encompassing the basins. An important tool for interpreting these subsurface features is aeromagnetic data.
\nAeromagnetic anomalies represent variations in the strength and direction of the Earth's magnetic field that are produced by rocks containing a significant number of magnetic minerals (commonly magnetite). The shape and magnitude of an anomaly produced by one body of rock are complexly related to the amount of magnetic minerals present, the magnetic properties of those minerals (determined by a number of factors, including the history of the rock), and the shape of the rock body. In the study area, only crystalline basement rocks and volcanic rocks are likely to contain enough magnetic minerals to produce anomalies; sedimentary rocks and metasediments are generally so poor in magnetic minerals that their magnetic effects cannot be detected by the types of surveys presented in this report. Patterns of anomalies on aeromagnetic maps can reveal not only lithologic differences related to magnetite content, but structural features as well, such as faults that have juxtaposed crystalline rocks against sedimentary rocks, and upwarps of crystalline basement underlying sedimentary sequences.
\nTectonic features of regional extent may not become apparent until a number of aeromagnetic surveys have been compiled and plotted at the same scale. Commonly the compilation involves piecing together data from surveys that were flown at different times and have widely disparate flight specifications and data reduction procedures. The data may be compiled into a composite map, where all the pieces are plotted onto one map without regard to the differences in flight elevation and datum, or they may be compiled into a merged map, where all survey data are analytically reduced to a common flight elevation and datum, and then digitally merged at the survey boundaries. The composite map retains the original resolution of all survey data, but computer methods to enhance or model regional features crossing the survey boundaries cannot be applied. On the other hand, these computer methods can be applied to the merged data, but the resolution of the data may be somewhat diminished. This report presents both composite and merged aeromagnetic maps for a large region that includes the Uinta Basin in Utah and the Piceance basin in Colorado (fig. 1).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf2008C","usgsCitation":"Grauch, V.J., and Plesha, J.L., 1989, Aeromagnetic maps of the Uinta and Piceance Basins and vicinity, Utah and Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2008, 2 Plates: 47.69 x 40.45 and 47.18 x 32.60 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2008C.","productDescription":"2 Plates: 47.69 x 40.45 and 47.18 x 32.60 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":486653,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_5600.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":278811,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2008c/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":183155,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2008c/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":278812,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2008c/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"500000","datum":"National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929","country":"United States","state":"Colorado;Utah","otherGeospatial":"Piceance Basin, Uinta Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -113.1482,37.9269 ], [ -113.1482,41.0 ], [ -106.3559,41.0 ], [ -106.3559,37.9269 ], [ -113.1482,37.9269 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db689eab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grauch, V. J. S. 0000-0002-0761-3489","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0761-3489","contributorId":34125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grauch","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"J. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":262290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plesha, Joseph L.","contributorId":96335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plesha","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":262291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}