{"pageNumber":"1423","pageRowStart":"35550","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165227,"records":[{"id":70047248,"text":"70047248 - 2013 - Seismic observations of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska - 1989-2010 and a conceptual model of the Redoubt magmatic system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-26T13:48:49","indexId":"70047248","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-26T13:32:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic observations of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska - 1989-2010 and a conceptual model of the Redoubt magmatic system","docAbstract":"Seismic activity at Redoubt Volcano, Alaska, has been closely monitored since 1989 by a network of five to ten seismometers within 22 km of the volcano's summit. Major eruptions occurred in 1989-1990 and 2009 and were characterized by large volcanic explosions, episodes of lava dome growth and failure, pyroclastic flows, and lahars.\n\nSeismic features of the 1989-1990 eruption were 1) weak precursory tremor and a short, 23-hour-long, intense swarm of repetitive shallow long-period (LP) events centered 1.4 km below the crater floor, 2) shallow volcano-tectonic (VT) and hybrid earthquakes that separated early episodes of dome growth, 3) 13 additional swarms of LP events at shallow depths precursory to many of the 25 explosions that occurred over the more than 128 day duration of eruptive activity, and 4) a persistent cluster of VT earthquakes at 6 to 9 km depth.\n\nIn contrast the 2009 eruption was preceded by a pronounced increase in deep-LP (DLP) events at lower crustal depths (25 to 38 km) that began in mid-December 2008, two months of discontinuous shallow volcanic tremor that started on January 23, 2009, a strong phreatic explosion on March 15, and a 58-hour-long swarm of repetitive shallow LP events. The 2009 eruption consisted of at least 23 major explosions between March 23 and April 5, again accompanied by shallow VT earthquakes, several episodes of shallow repetitive LP events and dome growth continuing until mid July. Increased VT earthquakes at 4 to 9 km depth began slowly in early April, possibly defining a mid-crustal magma source zone.\n\nMagmatic processes associated with the 2009 eruption seismically activated the same portions of the Redoubt magmatic system as the 1989-1990 eruption, although the time scales and intensity vary considerably among the two eruptions. The occurrence of precursory DLP events suggests that the 2009 eruption may have involved the rise of magma from lower crustal depths. Based on the evolution of seismicity during the 1989-1990 and 2009 eruptions the Redoubt magmatic system is envisioned to consist of a shallow system of cracks extending 1 to 2 km below the crater floor, a magma storage or source region at roughly 3 to 9 km depth, and a diffuse magma source region at 25 to 38 km depth. Close tracking of seismic activity allowed the Alaska Volcano Observatory to successfully issue warnings prior to many of the hazardous explosive events that occurred in 2009.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.09.014","usgsCitation":"Power, J.A., Stihler, S.D., Chouet, B.A., Haney, M., and Ketner, D., 2013, Seismic observations of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska - 1989-2010 and a conceptual model of the Redoubt magmatic system: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 259, p. 31-44, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.09.014.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"31","endPage":"44","numberOfPages":"14","temporalStart":"1989-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-07-01","ipdsId":"IP-040457","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275457,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.09.014"},{"id":275458,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Redoubt Volcano","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -153.0,60.416667 ], [ -153.0,60.583333 ], [ -153.5,60.583333 ], [ -153.5,60.416667 ], [ -153.0,60.416667 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"259","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f38c5ce4b0a32220222f27","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Power, John A. 0000-0002-7233-4398 jpower@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7233-4398","contributorId":2768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Power","given":"John","email":"jpower@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":481496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stihler, Scott D.","contributorId":31373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stihler","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chouet, Bernard A. 0000-0001-5527-0532 chouet@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5527-0532","contributorId":3304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chouet","given":"Bernard","email":"chouet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haney, Matthew M.","contributorId":107584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haney","given":"Matthew M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ketner, D.M.","contributorId":18655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ketner","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70047172,"text":"70047172 - 2013 - River flow changes related to land and water management practices across the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-26T13:08:14","indexId":"70047172","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-26T13:04:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"River flow changes related to land and water management practices across the conterminous United States","docAbstract":"The effects of land and water management practices (LWMP)—such as the construction of dams and roads—on river flows typically have been studied at the scale of single river watersheds or for a single type of LWMP. For the most part, assessments of the relative effects of multiple LWMP within many river watersheds across regional and national scales have been lacking. This study assesses flow alteration—quantified as deviation of several flow metrics from natural conditions—at 4196 gauged rivers affected by a variety of LWMP across the conterminous United States. The most widespread causes of flow changes among the LWMP considered were road density and dams. Agricultural development and wastewater discharges also were associated with flow changes in some regions. Dams generally reduced most attributes of flow, whereas road density, agriculture and wastewater discharges tended to be associated with increased flows compared to their natural condition.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science of the Total Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.06.001","usgsCitation":"Eng, K., Wolock, D.M., and Carlisle, D.M., 2013, River flow changes related to land and water management practices across the conterminous United States: Science of the Total Environment, v. 463-464, p. 414-422, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.06.001.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"414","endPage":"422","ipdsId":"IP-045920","costCenters":[{"id":434,"text":"National Research Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275451,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.06.001"},{"id":275452,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275309,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969713006530"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.8,24.5 ], [ -124.8,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,24.5 ], [ -124.8,24.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"463-464","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f38c5ce4b0a32220222f23","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.06.001","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.06.001","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Eng Ken, Wolock David M., Carlisle Daren M.","journalName":"Science of The Total Environment","publicationDate":"10/2013","auditedOn":"11/1/2014"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eng, Ken","contributorId":89480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eng","given":"Ken","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolock, David M. 0000-0002-6209-938X dwolock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-938X","contributorId":540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"David","email":"dwolock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carlisle, Daren M. 0000-0002-7367-348X dcarlisle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7367-348X","contributorId":513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlisle","given":"Daren","email":"dcarlisle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70046908,"text":"70046908 - 2013 - Spatial dynamics of ecosystem service flows: a comprehensive approach to quantifying actual services","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-26T13:01:41","indexId":"70046908","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-26T12:39:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1477,"text":"Ecosystem Services","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial dynamics of ecosystem service flows: a comprehensive approach to quantifying actual services","docAbstract":"Recent ecosystem services research has highlighted the importance of spatial connectivity between ecosystems and their beneficiaries. Despite this need, a systematic approach to ecosystem service flow quantification has not yet emerged. In this article, we present such an approach, which we formalize as a class of agent-based models termed “Service Path Attribution Networks” (SPANs). These models, developed as part of the Artificial Intelligence for Ecosystem Services (ARIES) project, expand on ecosystem services classification terminology introduced by other authors. Conceptual elements needed to support flow modeling include a service's rivalness, its flow routing type (e.g., through hydrologic or transportation networks, lines of sight, or other approaches), and whether the benefit is supplied by an ecosystem's provision of a beneficial flow to people or by absorption of a detrimental flow before it reaches them. We describe our implementation of the SPAN framework for five ecosystem services and discuss how to generalize the approach to additional services. SPAN model outputs include maps of ecosystem service provision, use, depletion, and flows under theoretical, possible, actual, inaccessible, and blocked conditions. We highlight how these different ecosystem service flow maps could be used to support various types of decision making for conservation and resource management planning.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecosystem Services","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoser.2012.07.012","usgsCitation":"Bagstad, K.J., Johnson, G.W., Voigt, B., and Villa, F., 2013, Spatial dynamics of ecosystem service flows: a comprehensive approach to quantifying actual services: Ecosystem Services, v. 4, p. 117-125, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2012.07.012.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"117","endPage":"125","numberOfPages":"9","ipdsId":"IP-037480","costCenters":[{"id":547,"text":"Rocky Mountain Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473647,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2012.07.012","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":275448,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2012.07.012"},{"id":275450,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274717,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212041612000174"}],"volume":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f38c5de4b0a32220222f2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bagstad, Kenneth J. 0000-0001-8857-5615 kjbagstad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8857-5615","contributorId":3680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bagstad","given":"Kenneth","email":"kjbagstad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Gary W.","contributorId":90618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Voigt, Brian","contributorId":102962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voigt","given":"Brian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Villa, Ferdinando","contributorId":84249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Villa","given":"Ferdinando","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70047218,"text":"70047218 - 2013 - Monitoring sea lamprey pheromones and their degradation using rapid stream-side extraction coupled with UPLC-MS/MS","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-26T12:44:35","indexId":"70047218","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-26T12:32:04","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2454,"text":"Journal of Separation Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring sea lamprey pheromones and their degradation using rapid stream-side extraction coupled with UPLC-MS/MS","docAbstract":"Pheromones guide adult sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) to suitable spawning streams and mates, and therefore, when quantified, can be used to assess population size and guide management. Here, we present an efficient sample preparation method where 100 mL of river water was spiked with deuterated pheromone as an internal standard and underwent rapid field-based SPE and elution in the field. The combination of field extraction with laboratory UPLC-MS/MS reduced the sample consumption from 1 to 0.1 L, decreased the sample process time from more than 1 h to 10 min, and increased the precision and accuracy. The sensitivity was improved more than one order of magnitude compared with the previous method. The influences of experimental conditions were assessed to optimize the separation and peak shapes. The analytical method has been validated by studies of stability, selectivity, precision, and linearity and by the determination of the limits of detection and quantification. The method was used to quantify pheromone concentration from five streams tributary to Lake Ontario and to estimate that the environmental half-life of 3kPZS is about 26 h.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Separation Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/jssc.201300110","usgsCitation":"Wang, H., Johnson, N., Bernardy, J., Hubert, T., and Li, W., 2013, Monitoring sea lamprey pheromones and their degradation using rapid stream-side extraction coupled with UPLC-MS/MS: Journal of Separation Science, v. 36, no. 9-10, p. 1612-1620, https://doi.org/10.1002/jssc.201300110.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1612","endPage":"1620","ipdsId":"IP-044840","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275447,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275446,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jssc.201300110"}],"volume":"36","issue":"9-10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-04-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f38c5be4b0a32220222f1f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, Huiyong","contributorId":101545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Huiyong","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Nicholas","contributorId":95781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Nicholas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bernardy, Jeffrey","contributorId":35216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernardy","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hubert, Terry","contributorId":18653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"Terry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Li, Weiming","contributorId":65440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Weiming","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70047247,"text":"70047247 - 2013 - Accumulation of pesticides in pacific chorus frogs (Pseudacris regilla) from California's Sierra Nevada Mountains, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-26T11:54:47","indexId":"70047247","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-26T11:49:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Accumulation of pesticides in pacific chorus frogs (Pseudacris regilla) from California's Sierra Nevada Mountains, USA","docAbstract":"Pesticides are receiving increasing attention as potential causes of amphibian declines, acting singly or in combination with other stressors, but limited information is available on the accumulation of current-use pesticides in tissue. The authors examined potential exposure and accumulation of currently used pesticides in pond-breeding frogs (Pseudacris regilla) collected from 7 high elevations sites in northern California. All sites sampled are located downwind of California's highly agricultural Central Valley and receive inputs of pesticides through precipitation and/or dry deposition. Whole frog tissue, water, and sediment were analyzed for more than 90 current-use pesticides and pesticide degradates using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Two fungicides, pyraclostrobin and tebuconazole, and one herbicide, simazine, were the most frequently detected pesticides in tissue samples. Median pesticide concentration ranged from 13 µg/kg to 235 µg/kg wet weight. Tebuconazole and pyraclostrobin were the only 2 compounds observed frequently in frog tissue and sediment. Significant spatial differences in tissue concentration were observed, which corresponded to pesticide use in the upwind counties. Data generated indicated that amphibians residing in remote locations are exposed to and capable of accumulating current-use pesticides. A comparison of P. regilla tissue concentrations with water and sediment data indicated that the frogs are accumulating pesticides and are potentially a more reliable indicator of exposure to this group of pesticides than either water or sediment.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"SETAC","doi":"10.1002/etc.2308","usgsCitation":"Smalling, K., Fellers, G.M., Kleeman, P.M., and Kuivila, K., 2013, Accumulation of pesticides in pacific chorus frogs (Pseudacris regilla) from California's Sierra Nevada Mountains, USA: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 32, no. 9, p. 2026-2034, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.2308.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"2026","endPage":"2034","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275442,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275441,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.2308"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.53,32.53 ], [ -124.53,42.0 ], [ -114.13,42.0 ], [ -114.13,32.53 ], [ -124.53,32.53 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"32","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-09-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f38c52e4b0a32220222f0b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smalling, Kelly L.","contributorId":16105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smalling","given":"Kelly L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fellers, Gary M. 0000-0003-4092-0285 gary_fellers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4092-0285","contributorId":3150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fellers","given":"Gary","email":"gary_fellers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kleeman, Patrick M. 0000-0001-6567-3239 pkleeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6567-3239","contributorId":3948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kleeman","given":"Patrick","email":"pkleeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kuivila, Kathryn  0000-0001-7940-489X kkuivila@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7940-489X","contributorId":1367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuivila","given":"Kathryn ","email":"kkuivila@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":481492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70047246,"text":"ofr20131152 - 2013 - Serious games experiment toward agent-based simulation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-26T11:57:58","indexId":"ofr20131152","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-26T11:41:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1152","title":"Serious games experiment toward agent-based simulation","docAbstract":"We evaluate the potential for serious games to be used as a scientifically based decision-support product that supports the United States Geological Survey’s (USGS) mission--to provide integrated, unbiased scientific information that can make a substantial contribution to societal well-being for a wide variety of complex environmental challenges. Serious or pedagogical games are an engaging way to educate decisionmakers and stakeholders about environmental challenges that are usefully informed by natural and social scientific information and knowledge and can be designed to promote interactive learning and exploration in the face of large uncertainties, divergent values, and complex situations. We developed two serious games that use challenging environmental-planning issues to demonstrate and investigate the potential contributions of serious games to inform regional-planning decisions. Delta Skelta is a game emulating long-term integrated environmental planning in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California, that incorporates natural hazards (flooding and earthquakes) and consequences for California water supplies amidst conflicting water interests. Age of Ecology is a game that simulates interactions between economic and ecologic processes, as well as natural hazards while implementing agent-based modeling. The content of these games spans the USGS science mission areas related to water, ecosystems, natural hazards, land use, and climate change. We describe the games, reflect on design and informational aspects, and comment on their potential usefulness. During the process of developing these games, we identified various design trade-offs involving factual information, strategic thinking, game-winning criteria, elements of fun, number and type of players, time horizon, and uncertainty. We evaluate the two games in terms of accomplishments and limitations. Overall, we demonstrated the potential for these games to usefully represent scientific information within challenging environmental and ecosystem-management contexts and to provide an interactive way of learning about the complexity of interactions between people and natural systems. Further progress on the use of pedagogical games to fulfill the USGS mission will require collaboration among scientists, game developers, educators, and stakeholders. We conclude that as the USGS positions itself to communicate and convey the results of multiple science strategies, including natural-resource security and sustainability, pedagogical game development and agent-based modeling offer a means to (1) establish interdisciplinary and collaborative teams with a focused integrated outcome; (2) contribute to the modeling of interaction, feedback, and adaptation of ecosystems; and (3) enable social learning through a broadly appealing and increasingly sophisticated medium.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131152","usgsCitation":"Wein, A., and Labiosa, W., 2013, Serious games experiment toward agent-based simulation: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1152, iv, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131152.","productDescription":"iv, 30 p.","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275445,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131152.bmp"},{"id":275443,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1152/pdf/ofr20131152.pdf"},{"id":275444,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1152/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f38c5ce4b0a32220222f2b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wein, Anne 0000-0002-5516-3697 awein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5516-3697","contributorId":589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wein","given":"Anne","email":"awein@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Labiosa, William","contributorId":26421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Labiosa","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70047238,"text":"70047238 - 2013 - Derivation of soil screening thresholds to protect chisel-toothed kangaroo rat from uranium mine waste in northern Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-08T13:39:37","indexId":"70047238","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-26T10:46:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Derivation of soil screening thresholds to protect chisel-toothed kangaroo rat from uranium mine waste in northern Arizona","docAbstract":"Chemical data from soil and weathered waste material samples collected from five uranium mines north of the Grand Canyon (three reclaimed, one mined but not reclaimed, and one never mined) were used in a screening-level risk analysis for the Arizona chisel-toothed kangaroo rat (<i>Dipodomys microps leucotis</i>); risks from radiation exposure were not evaluated. Dietary toxicity reference values were used to estimate soil-screening thresholds presenting risk to kangaroo rats. Sensitivity analyses indicated that body weight critically affected outcomes of exposed-dose calculations; juvenile kangaroo rats were more sensitive to the inorganic constituent toxicities than adult kangaroo rats. Species-specific soil-screening thresholds were derived for arsenic (137 mg/kg), cadmium (16 mg/kg), copper (1,461 mg/kg), lead (1,143 mg/kg), nickel (771 mg/kg), thallium (1.3 mg/kg), uranium (1,513 mg/kg), and zinc (731 mg/kg) using toxicity reference values that incorporate expected chronic field exposures. Inorganic contaminants in soils within and near the mine areas generally posed minimal risk to kangaroo rats. Most exceedances of soil thresholds were for arsenic and thallium and were associated with weathered mine wastes.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00244-013-9893-5","usgsCitation":"Hinck, J.E., Linder, G.L., Otton, J.K., Finger, S.E., Little, E.E., and Tillitt, D.E., 2013, Derivation of soil screening thresholds to protect chisel-toothed kangaroo rat from uranium mine waste in northern Arizona: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 65, no. 2, p. 332-344, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-013-9893-5.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"332","endPage":"344","numberOfPages":"13","ipdsId":"IP-041377","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275433,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00244-013-9893-5"},{"id":275434,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Kanab South Pipe;Kanab North Mine;Pigeon Mine;Hermit Mine;Hack Canyon Mine Complex","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.815578,36.175073 ], [ -112.815578,36.614925 ], [ -112.463559,36.614925 ], [ -112.463559,36.175073 ], [ -112.815578,36.175073 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"65","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-04-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f38c5ae4b0a32220222f13","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hinck, Jo Ellen 0000-0002-4912-5766 jhinck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4912-5766","contributorId":2743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinck","given":"Jo","email":"jhinck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Ellen","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Linder, Greg L. linder2@usgs.gov","contributorId":1766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linder","given":"Greg","email":"linder2@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":481481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Otton, James K. jkotton@usgs.gov","contributorId":1170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otton","given":"James","email":"jkotton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Finger, Susan E. sfinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":1317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finger","given":"Susan","email":"sfinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":481479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Little, Edward E. 0000-0003-0034-3639 elittle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0034-3639","contributorId":1746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Little","given":"Edward","email":"elittle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tillitt, Donald E. 0000-0002-8278-3955 dtillitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8278-3955","contributorId":1875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillitt","given":"Donald","email":"dtillitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70047235,"text":"70047235 - 2013 - Climatic stress increases forest fire severity across the western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-27T10:53:41","indexId":"70047235","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-26T08:25:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1466,"text":"Ecology Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climatic stress increases forest fire severity across the western United States","docAbstract":"Pervasive warming can lead to chronic stress on forest trees, which may contribute to mortality resulting from fire-caused injuries. Longitudinal analyses of forest plots from across the western US show that high pre-fire climatic water deficit was related to increased post-fire tree mortality probabilities. This relationship between climate and fire was present after accounting for fire defences and injuries, and appeared to influence the effects of crown and stem injuries. Climate and fire interactions did not vary substantially across geographical regions, major genera and tree sizes. Our findings support recent physiological evidence showing that both drought and heating from fire can impair xylem conductivity. Warming trends have been linked to increasing probabilities of severe fire weather and fire spread; our results suggest that warming may also increase forest fire severity (the number of trees killed) independent of fire intensity (the amount of heat released during a fire).","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/ele.12151","usgsCitation":"van Mantgem, P.J., Nesmith, J.C., Keifer, M., Knapp, E.E., Flint, A., and Flint, L., 2013, Climatic stress increases forest fire severity across the western United States: Ecology Letters, v. 16, no. 9, p. 1151-1156, https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.12151.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1151","endPage":"1156","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":541,"text":"Redwood Field Station","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275420,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ele.12151"},{"id":275421,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.8,24.5 ], [ -124.8,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,24.5 ], [ -124.8,24.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"16","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-07-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f38c5ae4b0a32220222f0f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"van Mantgem, Philip J.","contributorId":78199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Mantgem","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nesmith, Jonathan C. B.","contributorId":88618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nesmith","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"C. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keifer, MaryBeth","contributorId":21841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keifer","given":"MaryBeth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Knapp, Eric E.","contributorId":80570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knapp","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Flint, Alan","contributorId":58503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Alan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Flint, Lorraine 0000-0002-7868-441X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7868-441X","contributorId":6746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Lorraine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70047226,"text":"70047226 - 2013 - Evaluation of the rhenium-osmium geochronometer in the Phosphoria petroleum system, Bighorn Basin of Wyoming and Montana, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-19T08:26:42","indexId":"70047226","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-26T08:20:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of the rhenium-osmium geochronometer in the Phosphoria petroleum system, Bighorn Basin of Wyoming and Montana, USA","docAbstract":"Rhenium-osmium (Re-Os) geochronometry is applied to crude oils derived from the Permian Phosphoria Formation of the Bighorn Basin in Wyoming and Montana to determine whether the radiogenic age reflects the timing of petroleum generation, timing of migration, age of the source rock, or the timing of thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR). The oils selected for this study are interpreted to be derived from the Meade Peak Phosphatic Shale and Retort Phosphatic Shale Members of the Phosphoria Formation based on oil-oil and oil-source rock correlations utilizing bulk properties, elemental composition, &delta;<sup>13</sup>C and &delta;<sup>34</sup>S values, and biomarker distributions. The &delta;<sup>34</sup>S values of the oils range from -6.2‰ to +5.7‰, with oils heavier than -2‰ interpreted to be indicative of TSR. The Re and Os isotope data of the Phosphoria oils plot in two general trends: (1) the main trend (n = 15 oils) yielding a Triassic age (239 &plusmn; 43 Ma) with an initial <sup>187</sup>Os/<sup>188</sup>Os value of 0.85 &plusmn; 0.42 and a mean square weighted deviation (MSWD) of 1596, and (2) the Torchlight trend (n = 4 oils) yielding a Miocene age (9.24 &plusmn; 0.39 Ma) with an initial 187Os/188Os value of 1.88 &plusmn; 0.01 and a MSWD of 0.05. The scatter (high MSWD) in the main-trend regression is due, in part, to TSR in reservoirs along the eastern margin of the basin. Excluding oils that have experienced TSR, the regression is significantly improved, yielding an age of 211 &plusmn; 21 Ma with a MSWD of 148. This revised age is consistent with some studies that have proposed Late Triassic as the beginning of Phosphoria oil generation and migration, and does not seem to reflect the source rock age (Permian) or the timing of re-migration (Late Cretaceous to Eocene) associated with the Laramide orogeny. The low precision of the revised regression (&plusmn;21 Ma) is not unexpected for this oil family given the long duration of generation from a large geographic area of mature Phosphoria source rock, and the possible range in the initial <sup>187</sup>Os/<sup>188</sup>Os values of the Meade Peak and Retort source units. Effects of re-migration may have contributed to the scatter, but thermal cracking and biodegradation likely have had minimal or no effect on the main-trend regression. The four Phosphoria-sourced oils from Torchlight and Lamb fields yield a precise Miocene age Re-Os isochron that may reflect the end of TSR in the reservoir due to cooling below a threshold temperature in the last 10 m.y. from uplift and erosion of overlying rocks.\n\nThe mechanism for the formation of a Re-Os isotopic relationship in a family of crude oils may involve multiple steps in the petroleum generation process. Bitumen generation from the source rock kerogen may provide a reset of the isotopic chronometer, and incremental expulsion of oil over the duration of the oil window may provide some of the variation seen in <sup>187</sup>Re/<sup>188</sup>Os values from an oil family.","language":"English","publisher":"Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2013.04.021","usgsCitation":"Lillis, P.G., and Selby, D., 2013, Evaluation of the rhenium-osmium geochronometer in the Phosphoria petroleum system, Bighorn Basin of Wyoming and Montana, USA: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 118, p. 312-330, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2013.04.021.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"312","endPage":"330","numberOfPages":"19","ipdsId":"IP-040413","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473648,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2013.04.021","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":275422,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275412,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2013.04.021"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Bighorn Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.9988,43.8562 ], [ -109.9988,44.9262 ], [ -106.7276,44.9262 ], [ -106.7276,43.8562 ], [ -109.9988,43.8562 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"118","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f38c5be4b0a32220222f17","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2013.04.021","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2013.04.021","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Lillis Paul G., Selby David","journalName":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","publicationDate":"10/2013","auditedOn":"11/1/2014","publiclyAccessibleDate":"7/22/2013"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lillis, Paul G. 0000-0002-7508-1699 plillis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7508-1699","contributorId":1817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lillis","given":"Paul","email":"plillis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Selby, David","contributorId":58167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Selby","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70047216,"text":"70047216 - 2013 - A comparison of models for estimating potential evapotranspiration for Florida land cover types","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-26T08:09:28","indexId":"70047216","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-25T16:01:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparison of models for estimating potential evapotranspiration for Florida land cover types","docAbstract":"We analyzed observed daily evapotranspiration (DET) at 18 sites having measured DET and ancillary climate data and then used these data to compare the performance of three common methods for estimating potential evapotranspiration (PET): the Turc method (Tc), the Priestley-Taylor method (PT) and the Penman-Monteith method (PM). The sites were distributed throughout the State of Florida and represent a variety of land cover types: open water (3), marshland (4), grassland/pasture (4), citrus (2) and forest (5). Not surprisingly, the highest DET values occurred at the open water sites, ranging from an average of 3.3 mm d<sup>-1</sup> in the winter to 5.3 mm d<sup>-1</sup> in the spring. DET at the marsh sites was also high, ranging from 2.7 mm d<sup>-1</sup> in winter to 4.4 mm d<sup>-1</sup> in summer. The lowest DET occurred in the winter and fall seasons at the grass sites (1.3 mm d<sup>-1</sup> and 2.0 mm d<sup>-1</sup>, respectively) and at the forested sites (1.8 mm d<sup>-1 and 2.3 mm d<sup>-1</sup>, respectively). The performance of the three methods when applied to conditions close to PET (Bowen ratio &le; 1) was used to judge relative merit. Under such PET conditions, annually aggregated Tc and PT methods perform comparably and outperform the PM method, possibly due to the sensitivity of the PM method to the limited transferability of previously determined model parameters. At a daily scale, the PT performance appears to be superior to the other two methods for estimating PET for a variety of land covers in Florida.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.04.029","usgsCitation":"Douglas, E.M., Jacobs, J.M., Sumner, D.M., and Ray, R.L., 2013, A comparison of models for estimating potential evapotranspiration for Florida land cover types: Journal of Hydrology, v. 373, no. 3-4, p. 366-376, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.04.029.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"366","endPage":"376","numberOfPages":"11","ipdsId":"IP-004364","costCenters":[{"id":285,"text":"Florida Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275415,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275413,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.04.029"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -87.6349,24.5211 ], [ -87.6349,31.001 ], [ -80.0311,31.001 ], [ -80.0311,24.5211 ], [ -87.6349,24.5211 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"373","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f253e2e4b0279fe2e1bfbd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Douglas, Ellen M.","contributorId":57344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"Ellen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jacobs, Jennifer M.","contributorId":86245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobs","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sumner, David M. 0000-0002-2144-9304 dmsumner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2144-9304","contributorId":1362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sumner","given":"David","email":"dmsumner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":270,"text":"FLWSC-Tampa","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ray, Ram L.","contributorId":21850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ray","given":"Ram","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70118122,"text":"70118122 - 2013 - Roman, Visigothic and Islamic evidence of earthquakes recorded in the archaeological site of “El Tolmo de Minateda” (Prebetic Zone, southeast of Spain)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-25T15:57:08","indexId":"70118122","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-25T15:50:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1351,"text":"Cuaternario y Geomorfologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Roman, Visigothic and Islamic evidence of earthquakes recorded in the archaeological site of “El Tolmo de Minateda” (Prebetic Zone, southeast of Spain)","docAbstract":"The archaeological site of “El Tolmo de Minateda” is located within the Albacete province (SE of Spain) and \nshows a continuous time record of ancient civilizations from 3500 yr BP onwards. However, three temporal \ngaps were identified in this archaeological record, all of them in relationship with a sudden and unclear \nabandonment of the city (Centuries 1st, 7th and 9-10th). The Archaeological Earthquake Effects (EAEs) supports \nthe possibility that moderate to strong earthquakes were the cause of such abandonments: oriented columns \nfallen, collapsed walls and arches, abandonment of irrigation systems and fresh-water supplies, crashed \npottery, etc. Despite of the scarce of instrumental seismicity and a few historical chronicles, paleoseismic \nstudies performed in the neighbouring zone (Tobarra) suggest the presence of closer seismic sources as faults \n(Pozohondo Fault) affecting Quaternary alluvial, lacustrine deposits and colluviums. In this work, we propose \nthe possibility that three moderate earthquakes devastated the ancient Roman city of Ilunum (Century 1st AD), \nthe Visigothic city of Elo (Century 7th AD) and the Islamic city of Madinat Iyih (Century 9th-10thAD), all of them \nthe same place: “El Tolmo de Minateda”.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Cuaternario y Geomorfologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Asociación Española para el Estudio del Cuaternario","usgsCitation":"Rodriguez-Pascua, M., Abad Casal, L., Perez-Lopez, R., Gamo Parra, B., Silva, P., Garduño-Monroy, V., Giner-Robles, J.L., Perucha, M., Israde-Alcántara, I., Bischoff, J., and Calvo, J.P., 2013, Roman, Visigothic and Islamic evidence of earthquakes recorded in the archaeological site of “El Tolmo de Minateda” (Prebetic Zone, southeast of Spain): Cuaternario y Geomorfologia, v. 27, no. 3-4, p. 83-90.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"83","endPage":"90","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291050,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291045,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259561555_Roman_Visigothic_and_Islamic_evidence_of_earthquakes_recorded_in_the_archaeological_site_of_El_Tolmo_de_Minateda_(Prebetic_Zone_southeast_of_Spain)"}],"otherGeospatial":"Albacete Province","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -1.88628,38.971483 ], [ -1.88628,39.012916 ], [ -1.834899,39.012916 ], [ -1.834899,38.971483 ], [ -1.88628,38.971483 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"27","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f29ae4b0bc0bec0a0490","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodriguez-Pascua, M.A.","contributorId":36853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez-Pascua","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Abad Casal, L.","contributorId":102809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abad Casal","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Perez-Lopez, R.","contributorId":40039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perez-Lopez","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gamo Parra, B.","contributorId":9183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gamo Parra","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Silva, P.G.","contributorId":17158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silva","given":"P.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Garduño-Monroy, V.H.","contributorId":65015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garduño-Monroy","given":"V.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Giner-Robles, J. L.","contributorId":22602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giner-Robles","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Perucha, M.A.","contributorId":33636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perucha","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Israde-Alcántara, I.","contributorId":60422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Israde-Alcántara","given":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Bischoff, J.","contributorId":32730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bischoff","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Calvo, J. P.","contributorId":24136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calvo","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70118114,"text":"70118114 - 2013 - Combined ESR/U-series chronology of Acheulian hominid-bearing layers at Trinchera Galería site, Atapuerca, Spain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-25T15:45:23","indexId":"70118114","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-25T15:30:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2337,"text":"Journal of Human Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Combined ESR/U-series chronology of Acheulian hominid-bearing layers at Trinchera Galería site, Atapuerca, Spain","docAbstract":"<p>The Sierra de Atapuerca, northern Spain, is known from many prehistoric and palaeontological sites documenting human prehistory in Europe. Three major sites, Gran Dolina, Galería and Sima del Elefante, range in age from the oldest hominin of Western Europe dated to 1.1 to 1.3 Ma (millions of years ago) at Sima del Elefante to c.a. 0.2 Ma on the top of the Galería archaeological sequence. Recently, a chronology based on luminescence methods (Thermoluminescence [TL] and Infrared Stimulated Luminescence [IRSL]) applied to cave sediments was published for the Gran Dolina and Galería sites. The authors proposed for Galería an age of 450 ka (thousands of years ago) for the units lower GIII and GII, suggesting that the human occupation there is younger than the hominid remains of Sima de los Huesos (>530 ka) around 1 km away.</p>\n<br>\n<p>In this paper, we present new results obtained by combined Electron Spin Resonance/Uranium-series (ESR/U-series) dating on 20 herbivorous teeth from different levels at the Galería site. They are in agreement with the TL results for the upper part of the stratigraphic sequence (GIV and GIIIb), in the range of between 200 and 250 ka. But for the GIIIa to GIIb levels, the TL ages become abruptly older by 200 ka while ESR ages remain relatively constant. Finally, the TL and ESR data agree in the lowest part of the section (GIIa); both fall in the range of around 350–450 ka. Our results suggest a different interpretation for the GII, GIII and GIV units of Galería and the upper part of Gran Dolina (TD10 and TD11) than obtained by TL. The ESR/U-series results are supported by a Bayesian analysis, which allows a better integration between stratigraphic information and radiometric data.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Human Evolution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Eslevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2013.05.005","usgsCitation":"Falguères, C., Bahain, J., Bischoff, J.L., Perez-Gonzalez, A., Ortega, A.I., Olle, A., Quilles, A., Ghaleb, B., Moreno, D., Dolo, J., Shao, Q., Vallverdu, J., Carbonell, E., Maria Bermudez de Castro, J., and Arsuaga, J.L., 2013, Combined ESR/U-series chronology of Acheulian hominid-bearing layers at Trinchera Galería site, Atapuerca, Spain: Journal of Human Evolution, v. 65, no. 2, p. 168-184, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2013.05.005.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"168","endPage":"184","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291044,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291043,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2013.05.005"}],"state":"Spain","otherGeospatial":"Atapuerca Mountains","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -3.5108474,42.3739037 ], [ -3.5108474,42.3789134 ], [ -3.5052636,42.3789134 ], [ -3.5052636,42.3739037 ], [ -3.5108474,42.3739037 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"65","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f29ae4b0bc0bec0a0492","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Falguères, Christophe","contributorId":23858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falguères","given":"Christophe","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bahain, Jean-Jacques","contributorId":20668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bahain","given":"Jean-Jacques","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bischoff, James L. jbischoff@usgs.gov","contributorId":1389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bischoff","given":"James","email":"jbischoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":496367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Perez-Gonzalez, Alfredo","contributorId":11129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perez-Gonzalez","given":"Alfredo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ortega, Ana Isabel","contributorId":15539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ortega","given":"Ana","email":"","middleInitial":"Isabel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Olle, Andreu","contributorId":13904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olle","given":"Andreu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Quilles, Anita","contributorId":83450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quilles","given":"Anita","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ghaleb, Bassam","contributorId":76662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ghaleb","given":"Bassam","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Moreno, Davinia","contributorId":43687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moreno","given":"Davinia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Dolo, Jean-Michel","contributorId":19885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dolo","given":"Jean-Michel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Shao, Qingfeng","contributorId":54521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shao","given":"Qingfeng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Vallverdu, Josep","contributorId":28177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vallverdu","given":"Josep","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Carbonell, Eudald","contributorId":106814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carbonell","given":"Eudald","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Maria Bermudez de Castro, Jose","contributorId":17159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maria Bermudez de Castro","given":"Jose","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Arsuaga, Juan Luis","contributorId":90229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arsuaga","given":"Juan","email":"","middleInitial":"Luis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}}
,{"id":70118105,"text":"70118105 - 2013 - Evidence for deposition of 10 million tonnes of impact spherules across four continents 12,800 y ago","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-25T15:29:11","indexId":"70118105","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-25T15:22:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3165,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for deposition of 10 million tonnes of impact spherules across four continents 12,800 y ago","docAbstract":"Airbursts/impacts by a fragmented comet or asteroid have been proposed at the Younger Dryas onset (12.80 ± 0.15 ka) based on identification of an assemblage of impact-related proxies, including microspherules, nanodiamonds, and iridium. Distributed across four continents at the Younger Dryas boundary (YDB), spherule peaks have been independently confirmed in eight studies, but unconfirmed in two others, resulting in continued dispute about their occurrence, distribution, and origin. To further address this dispute and better identify YDB spherules, we present results from one of the largest spherule investigations ever undertaken regarding spherule geochemistry, morphologies, origins, and processes of formation. We investigated 18 sites across North America, Europe, and the Middle East, performing nearly 700 analyses on spherules using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy for geochemical analyses and scanning electron microscopy for surface microstructural characterization. Twelve locations rank among the world’s premier end-Pleistocene archaeological sites, where the YDB marks a hiatus in human occupation or major changes in site use. Our results are consistent with melting of sediments to temperatures >2,200 °C by the thermal radiation and air shocks produced by passage of an extraterrestrial object through the atmosphere; they are inconsistent with volcanic, cosmic, anthropogenic, lightning, or authigenic sources. We also produced spherules from wood in the laboratory at >1,730 °C, indicating that impact-related incineration of biomass may have contributed to spherule production. At 12.8 ka, an estimated 10 million tonnes of spherules were distributed across ∼50 million square kilometers, similar to well-known impact strewnfields and consistent with a major cosmic impact event.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Wittke, J.H., Weaver, J., Bunch, T.E., Kennett, J.P., Kennett, D.J., Moore, A., Hillman, G.C., Tankersly, K.B., Goodyear, A.C., Moore, C.R., Daniel, I.R., Ray, J.H., Lopinot, N.H., Ferraro, D., Israde-Alcantara, I., Bischoff, J.L., DeCarli, P.S., Hermes, R.E., Kloosterman, J.B., Revay, Z., Howard, G.A., Kimbel, D.R., Kletetschka, G., Nabelek, L., Lipo, C.P., Sakai, S., West, A., and Firestone, R., 2013, Evidence for deposition of 10 million tonnes of impact spherules across four continents 12,800 y ago: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 110, no. 23, p. E2088-E2097.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"E2088","endPage":"E2097","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291039,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Europe;Middle East;North America","volume":"110","issue":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f29ae4b0bc0bec0a0494","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wittke, James H.","contributorId":73928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wittke","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weaver, James C.","contributorId":14308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weaver","given":"James C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bunch, Ted E.","contributorId":101197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunch","given":"Ted","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kennett, James P.","contributorId":52499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennett","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kennett, Douglas J.","contributorId":106024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennett","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Moore, Andrew","contributorId":101573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Andrew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hillman, Gordon C.","contributorId":56164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hillman","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Tankersly, Kenneth B.","contributorId":18284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tankersly","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Goodyear, Albert C.","contributorId":13906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goodyear","given":"Albert","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Moore, Christopher R.","contributorId":26988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Daniel, I. Randolph Jr.","contributorId":91421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daniel","given":"I.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"Randolph","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Ray, Jack H.","contributorId":48884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ray","given":"Jack","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Lopinot, Neal H.","contributorId":90654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lopinot","given":"Neal","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Ferraro, David","contributorId":48885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferraro","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Israde-Alcantara, Isabel","contributorId":82231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Israde-Alcantara","given":"Isabel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Bischoff, James L. jbischoff@usgs.gov","contributorId":1389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bischoff","given":"James","email":"jbischoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":496324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"DeCarli, Paul S.","contributorId":48111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeCarli","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Hermes, Robert E.","contributorId":71901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hermes","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Kloosterman, Johan B.","contributorId":37662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kloosterman","given":"Johan","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Revay, Zsolt","contributorId":7202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Revay","given":"Zsolt","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Howard, George A.","contributorId":70302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Kimbel, David R.","contributorId":17542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimbel","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Kletetschka, Gunther","contributorId":9978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kletetschka","given":"Gunther","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Nabelek, Ladislav","contributorId":58201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nabelek","given":"Ladislav","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Lipo, Carl P.","contributorId":78257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipo","given":"Carl","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Sakai, Sachiko","contributorId":71488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sakai","given":"Sachiko","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"West, Allen","contributorId":58579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"West","given":"Allen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27},{"text":"Firestone, Richard B.","contributorId":55750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Firestone","given":"Richard B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":28}]}}
,{"id":70124440,"text":"70124440 - 2013 - Climatic correlates of tree mortality in water- and energy-limited forests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-13T16:01:44","indexId":"70124440","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-25T15:17:45","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climatic correlates of tree mortality in water- and energy-limited forests","docAbstract":"Recent increases in tree mortality rates across the western USA are correlated with increasing temperatures, but mechanisms remain unresolved. Specifically, increasing mortality could predominantly be a consequence of temperature-induced increases in either (1) drought stress, or (2) the effectiveness of tree-killing insects and pathogens. Using long-term data from California’s Sierra Nevada mountain range, we found that in water-limited (low-elevation) forests mortality was unambiguously best modeled by climatic water deficit, consistent with the first mechanism. In energy-limited (high-elevation) forests deficit models were only equivocally better than temperature models, suggesting that the second mechanism is increasingly important in these forests. We could not distinguish between models predicting mortality using absolute versus relative changes in water deficit, and these two model types led to different forecasts of mortality vulnerability under future climate scenarios. Our results provide evidence for differing climatic controls of tree mortality in water- and energy-limited forests, while highlighting the need for an improved understanding of tree mortality processes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"PLoS ONE","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","publisherLocation":"San Francisco, CA","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0069917","usgsCitation":"Das, A., Stephenson, N.L., Flint, A., Das, T., and van Mantgem, P.J., 2013, Climatic correlates of tree mortality in water- and energy-limited forests: PLoS ONE, v. 8, no. 7, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0069917.","productDescription":"11 p.","numberOfPages":"11","ipdsId":"IP-030863","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473650,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0069917","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":293776,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293773,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0069917"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sierra Nevada","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.8865,36.2914 ], [ -119.8865,38.1852 ], [ -118.2348,38.1852 ], [ -118.2348,36.2914 ], [ -119.8865,36.2914 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"8","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-07-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5412b99fe4b0239f1986ba1c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Das, Adrian J. 0000-0002-3937-2616 adas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3937-2616","contributorId":3842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Das","given":"Adrian J.","email":"adas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stephenson, Nathan L. 0000-0003-0208-7229 nstephenson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0208-7229","contributorId":2836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephenson","given":"Nathan","email":"nstephenson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flint, Alan","contributorId":58503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Alan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Das, Tapash","contributorId":49227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Das","given":"Tapash","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"van Mantgem, Phillip J. 0000-0002-3068-9422 pvanmantgem@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3068-9422","contributorId":2838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Mantgem","given":"Phillip","email":"pvanmantgem@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70047212,"text":"70047212 - 2013 - Community variations in population exposure to near-field tsunami hazards as a function of pedestrian travel time to safety","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-25T13:55:58","indexId":"70047212","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-25T13:43:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2822,"text":"Natural Hazards","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Community variations in population exposure to near-field tsunami hazards as a function of pedestrian travel time to safety","docAbstract":"Efforts to characterize population exposure to near-field tsunami threats typically focus on quantifying the number and type of people in tsunami-hazard zones. To develop and prioritize effective risk-reduction strategies, emergency managers also need information on the potential for successful evacuations and how this evacuation potential varies among communities. To improve efforts to properly characterize and differentiate near-field tsunami threats among multiple communities, we assess community variations in population exposure to tsunamis as a function of pedestrian travel time to safety. We focus our efforts on the multiple coastal communities in Grays Harbor and Pacific Counties (State of Washington, USA), where a substantial resident and visitor population is threatened by near-field tsunamis related to a potential Cascadia subduction zone earthquake.  Anisotropic, path-distance modeling is conducted to estimate travel times to safety and results are merged with various population data, including residents, employees, public venues, and dependent-care facilities. Results suggest that there is substantial variability among communities in the number of people that may have insufficient time to evacuate. Successful evacuations may be possible in some communities assuming slow-walking speeds, are plausible in others if travel speeds are increased, and are unlikely in another set of communities given the large distances and short time horizon. Emergency managers can use these results to prioritize the location and determine the most appropriate type of tsunami risk-reduction strategies, such as education and training in areas where evacuations are plausible and vertical-evacuation structures in areas where they are not.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Natural Hazards","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11069-012-0434-8","usgsCitation":"Wood, N.J., and Schmidtlein, M.C., 2013, Community variations in population exposure to near-field tsunami hazards as a function of pedestrian travel time to safety: Natural Hazards, v. 3, no. 65, p. 1603-1628, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-012-0434-8.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"1603","endPage":"1628","numberOfPages":"26","ipdsId":"IP-040129","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275401,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275395,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11069-012-0434-8"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","county":"Grays Harbor County;Pacific County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.429424,46.227375 ], [ -124.429424,47.651399 ], [ -123.35722,47.651399 ], [ -123.35722,46.227375 ], [ -124.429424,46.227375 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"3","issue":"65","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-10-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f253e9e4b0279fe2e1bfc9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, Nathan J. 0000-0002-6060-9729 nwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6060-9729","contributorId":3347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Nathan","email":"nwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmidtlein, Mathew C.","contributorId":90999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidtlein","given":"Mathew","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70118079,"text":"70118079 - 2013 - Environmental, depositional and cultural changes in the upper Pleistocene and early Holocene; the Cinglera del Capello Sequence (Capellades, Spain)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-25T12:55:46","indexId":"70118079","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-25T13:42:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3215,"text":"Quaternaire","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental, depositional and cultural changes in the upper Pleistocene and early Holocene; the Cinglera del Capello Sequence (Capellades, Spain)","docAbstract":"The correlation between environmental and cultural changes is one of the primary archeological and paleoanthropological research topics. Analysis of ice and marine cores has yielded a high-resolution record of millennial-scale changes during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene eras. However, cultural changes are documented in low-resolution continental deposits; thus, their correlation with the millennial-scale climatic sequence is often difficult. In this paper, we present a rare occurrence in which a thick archeological sequence is associated with a high-resolution environmental record. The Cinglera del Capello is a tufa-draped cliff located in the northeastern Iberian Peninsula, 50 km west of Barcelona. This cliff harbors several rock-shelters with Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene deposits. Together, the deposits of four rock-shelters span from 7000 to 70,000 years ago and provide a high-resolution record of the environmental and human dynamics during this timespan. This record allows the correlation of the cultural and environmental changes. The multiproxy approach to the Cinglera evidence indicates that the main cultural stages of the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene (Middle Paleolithic, Upper Paleolithic and Mesolithic) are associated with significant changes in the environmental and depositional contexts.","language":"English","publisher":"French Quaternary Association","doi":"10.4000/quaternaire.6481","usgsCitation":"Vaquero, M., Allue, E., Bischoff, J.L., Burjachs, F., and Vallverdu, J., 2013, Environmental, depositional and cultural changes in the upper Pleistocene and early Holocene; the Cinglera del Capello Sequence (Capellades, Spain): Quaternaire, v. 24, no. 1, p. 49-64, https://doi.org/10.4000/quaternaire.6481.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"49","endPage":"64","ipdsId":"IP-029968","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488286,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://journals.openedition.org/quaternaire/6481","text":"External Repository"},{"id":291018,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Spain","city":"Barcelona","otherGeospatial":"Capellades","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 1.6795652,41.5254262 ], [ 1.6795652,41.536725 ], [ 1.691055,41.536725 ], [ 1.691055,41.5254262 ], [ 1.6795652,41.5254262 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"24","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f29ae4b0bc0bec0a0496","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vaquero, Manuel","contributorId":25088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vaquero","given":"Manuel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allue, Ethel","contributorId":107623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allue","given":"Ethel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bischoff, James L. jbischoff@usgs.gov","contributorId":1389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bischoff","given":"James","email":"jbischoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":496238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burjachs, Francesc","contributorId":21473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burjachs","given":"Francesc","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Vallverdu, Josep","contributorId":28177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vallverdu","given":"Josep","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70047205,"text":"70047205 - 2013 - Appraising options to reduce shallow groundwater tables and enhance flow conditions over regional scales in an irrigated alluvial aquifer system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-29T10:02:14","indexId":"70047205","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-25T13:08:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Appraising options to reduce shallow groundwater tables and enhance flow conditions over regional scales in an irrigated alluvial aquifer system","docAbstract":"Some of the world’s key agricultural production systems face big challenges to both water quantity and quality due to shallow groundwater that results from long-term intensive irrigation, namely waterlogging and salinity, water losses, and environmental problems. This paper focuses on water quantity issues, presenting finite-difference groundwater models developed to describe shallow water table levels, non-beneficial groundwater consumptive use, and return flows to streams across two regions within an irrigated alluvial river valley in southeastern Colorado, USA. The models are calibrated and applied to simulate current baseline conditions in the alluvial aquifer system and to examine actions for potentially improving these conditions. The models provide a detailed description of regional-scale subsurface unsaturated and saturated flow processes, thereby enabling detailed spatiotemporal description of groundwater levels, recharge to infiltration ratios, partitioning of ET originating from the unsaturated and saturated zones, and groundwater flows, among other variables. Hybrid automated and manual calibration of the models is achieved using extensive observations of groundwater hydraulic head, groundwater return flow to streams, aquifer stratigraphy, canal seepage, total evapotranspiration, the portion of evapotranspiration supplied by upflux from the shallow water table, and irrigation flows. Baseline results from the two regional-scale models are compared to model predictions under variations of four alternative management schemes: (1) reduced seepage from earthen canals, (2) reduced irrigation applications, (3) rotational lease fallowing (irrigation water leased to municipalities, resulting in temporary dry-up of fields), and (4) combinations of these. The potential for increasing the average water table depth by up to 1.1 and 0.7 m in the two respective modeled regions, thereby reducing the threat of waterlogging and lowering non-beneficial consumptive use from adjacent fallow and naturally-vegetated lands, is demonstrated for the alternative management intervention scenarios considered. Net annual average savings of up to about 9.9 million m<sup>3</sup> (8000 ac ft) and 2.3 million m<sup>3</sup> (1900 ac ft) of non-beneficial groundwater consumptive use is demonstrated for the study periods in each of the two respective study regions. Alternative water management interventions achieve varying degrees of benefits in each of the two regions, suggesting a need to adopt region-specific interventions and avoid a ‘one-size-fits-all’ approach. Impacts of the considered interventions on return flows to the river were predicted to be significant, highlighting the need for flow augmentation to comply with an interstate river compact and portending beneficial impacts on solute loading.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.04.047","usgsCitation":"Morway, E., Gates, T., and Niswonger, R., 2013, Appraising options to reduce shallow groundwater tables and enhance flow conditions over regional scales in an irrigated alluvial aquifer system: Journal of Hydrology, v. 495, p. 216-237, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.04.047.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"216","endPage":"237","numberOfPages":"22","ipdsId":"IP-041995","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275400,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275386,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.04.047"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Pueblo Reservoir;John Martin Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -105.2239,37.9317 ], [ -105.2239,38.4631 ], [ -102.7435,38.4631 ], [ -102.7435,37.9317 ], [ -105.2239,37.9317 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"495","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f253e8e4b0279fe2e1bfc5","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.04.047","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.04.047","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Morway Eric D., Gates Timothy K., Niswonger Richard G.","journalName":"Journal of Hydrology","publicationDate":"7/2013","auditedOn":"10/29/2014"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morway, Eric D.","contributorId":72276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morway","given":"Eric D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gates, Timothy K.","contributorId":88246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gates","given":"Timothy K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Niswonger, Richard G.","contributorId":45402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niswonger","given":"Richard G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70118067,"text":"70118067 - 2013 - Some thoughts on the factors that controlled prehistoric maize production in the American Southwest with application to southwestern Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-25T12:59:01","indexId":"70118067","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-25T12:56:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2182,"text":"Journal of Archaeological Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Some thoughts on the factors that controlled prehistoric maize production in the American Southwest with application to southwestern Colorado","docAbstract":"In this paper, we present a model of prehistoric southwestern Colorado maize productivity. The model is based on a tree-ring reconstruction of water-year precipitation for Mesa Verde for the period A.D. 480 to 2011. Correlation of historic Mesa Verde precipitation with historic precipitation at 11 other weather stations enabled the construction of an elevation-dependent precipitation function. Prehistoric water-year precipitation values for Mesa Verde together with the elevation-dependent precipitation function allowed construction of the elevation of southwest Colorado precipitation contours for each year since A.D. 480, including the 30-cm contour, which represents the minimum amount of precipitation necessary for the production of maize and the 50-cm contour, which represents the optimum amount of precipitation necessary for the production of maize. In this paper, calculations of prehistoric maize productivity and field life for any specific elevation are also demonstrated. These calculations were performed using organic nitrogen measurements made on seven southwestern Colorado soil groups together with values of reconstructed water-year precipitation and estimations of the organic nitrogen mineralization rate.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Archaeological Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2013.03.013","usgsCitation":"Benson, L.V., Ramsey, D., Stahle, D., and Petersen, K., 2013, Some thoughts on the factors that controlled prehistoric maize production in the American Southwest with application to southwestern Colorado: Journal of Archaeological Science, v. 40, no. 7, p. 2869-2880, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2013.03.013.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"2869","endPage":"2880","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291011,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291010,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2013.03.013"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.0603,36.9924 ], [ -109.0603,41.0034 ], [ -102.0409,41.0034 ], [ -102.0409,36.9924 ], [ -109.0603,36.9924 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"40","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f29ae4b0bc0bec0a0498","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benson, L. V.","contributorId":50159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benson","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ramsey, D.K.","contributorId":39298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramsey","given":"D.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stahle, D.W.","contributorId":88573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stahle","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Petersen, K.L.","contributorId":60546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70118064,"text":"70118064 - 2013 - Insights from a synthesis of old and new climate-proxy data from the Pyramid and Winnemucca lake basins for the period 48 to 11.5 cal ka","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-25T12:53:07","indexId":"70118064","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-25T12:52:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3217,"text":"Quaternary International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Insights from a synthesis of old and new climate-proxy data from the Pyramid and Winnemucca lake basins for the period 48 to 11.5 cal ka","docAbstract":"<p>A synthesis of old and new paleoclimatic data from the Pyramid and Winnemucca lake basins indicates that, between 48.0 and 11.5·10<sup>3</sup> calibrated years BP (hereafter ka), the climate of the western Great Basin was, to a degree, linked with the climate of the North Atlantic. Paleomagnetic secular variation (PSV) records from Pyramid Lake core PLC08-1 were tied to the GISP2 ice-core record via PSV matches to North Atlantic sediment cores whose isotopic and(or) carbonate records could be linked to the GISP2 δ<sup>18</sup>O record. Relatively dry intervals in the western Great Basin were associated with cold Heinrich events and relatively wet intervals were associated with warm Dansgaard-Oeschger (DO) oscillations. The association of western Great Basin dry events with North Atlantic cold events (and vice versa) switched sometime after the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) reached its maximum extent. For example, the Lahontan highstand, which culminated at 15.5 ka, and a period of elevated lake level between 13.1 and 11.7 ka were associated with cold North Atlantic conditions, the latter period with the Youngest Dryas event. Relatively dry periods were associated with the Bølling and Allerød warm events. A large percentage of the LIS may have been lost to the North Atlantic during Heinrich events 1 and 2 and may have resulted in the repositioning of the Polar Jet Stream over North America. The Trego Hot Springs, Wono, Carson Sink, and Marble Bluff tephras found in core PLC08-1 have been assigned GISP2 calendar ages of respectively, 29.9, 33.7, 34.1, and 43.2 ka. Given its unique trace-element chemistry, the Carson Sink Bed is the same as Wilson Creek Ash 15 in the Mono Lake Basin. This implies that the Mono Lake magnetic excursion occurred at approximately 34 ka and it is not the Laschamp magnetic excursion.</p>\n<br>\n<p>The entrance of the First Americans into the northern Great Basin is dated to approximately 14.4 ka, a time when the climate was relatively dry. Evidence for human occupation of the Great Basin is lacking for the next 1100 years (y); i.e., the oldest western stemmed point site in the Great Basin dates to 13.3 ka. Two hypotheses are suggested for this cultural hiatus: (1) the climate had deteriorated to the point that people vacated the Great Basin, or (2) people moved to basin-bottom wetlands that persisted during the dry period, and then the subsequent Younger Dryas wet event erased the archaeological evidence deposited around the low-elevation wetland sites.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2012.02.040","usgsCitation":"Benson, L., Smoot, J.P., Lund, S., Mensing, S., Foit, F., and Rye, R.O., 2013, Insights from a synthesis of old and new climate-proxy data from the Pyramid and Winnemucca lake basins for the period 48 to 11.5 cal ka: Quaternary International, v. 310, p. 62-82, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2012.02.040.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"62","endPage":"82","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291009,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291008,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2012.02.040"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.7276,39.8377 ], [ -119.7276,40.298 ], [ -119.0835,40.298 ], [ -119.0835,39.8377 ], [ -119.7276,39.8377 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"310","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f29ae4b0bc0bec0a049a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benson, Larry","contributorId":13531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benson","given":"Larry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smoot, J. P.","contributorId":65878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smoot","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lund, S.P.","contributorId":98054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lund","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mensing, S.A.","contributorId":17024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mensing","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Foit, F.F. Jr.","contributorId":77749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foit","given":"F.F.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rye, R. O.","contributorId":66208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rye","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70118061,"text":"70118061 - 2013 - Dating North America's oldest petroglyphs, Winnemucca Lake subbasin, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-25T12:36:51","indexId":"70118061","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-25T11:59:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2182,"text":"Journal of Archaeological Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dating North America's oldest petroglyphs, Winnemucca Lake subbasin, Nevada","docAbstract":"On the west side of the Winnemucca Lake subbasin, Nevada, distinctive deeply carved meter-scale petroglyphs are closely spaced, forming panels on boulder-sized surfaces of a partially collapsed tufa mound. The large, complex motifs at this side are formed by deeply carved lines and cupules. A carbonate crust deposited between 10 200 and 9800 calibrated years B.P. (ka) coats petroglyphs at the base of the mound between elevations of 1202 and 1206 m. Petroglyphs above the carbonate crust are carved into a branching form of carbonate that dates to 14.8 ka. Radiocarbon dates on a multiple-layered algal tufa on the east side of the basin, which formed at an elevation of 1205 m, as well as a sediment-core-based total inorganic carbon record for the period 17.0–9.5 ka indicate that water level in the Winnemucca Lake subbasin was constrained by spill over the Emerson Pass Sill (1207 m) for most of the time between 12.9 ± 0.3 and ≥9.2 ka. These and other data indicate that the lake in the Winnemucca Lake subbasin fell beneath its spill point between 14.8 and 13.2 ka and also between 11.3 and 10.5 ka (or between 11.5 and 11.1 ka), exposing the base of the collapsed tufa mound to petroglyph carving. The tufa-based 14C record supports decreased lake levels between 14.8–13.2 ka and 11.3–10.5 ka. Native American artifacts found in the Lahontan Basin date to the latter time interval. This does not rule out the possibility that petroglyph carving occurred between 14.8 and 13.2 ka when Pyramid Lake was relatively shallow and Winnemucca Lake had desiccated.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Archaeological Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2013.06.022","usgsCitation":"Benson, L.V., Hattori, E., Southon, J., and Aleck, B., 2013, Dating North America's oldest petroglyphs, Winnemucca Lake subbasin, Nevada: Journal of Archaeological Science, v. 40, no. 12, p. 4466-4476, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2013.06.022.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"4466","endPage":"4476","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291003,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291002,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2013.06.022"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Winnemucca Lake","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.595742,39.985197 ], [ -119.595742,40.258229 ], [ -119.083505,40.258229 ], [ -119.083505,39.985197 ], [ -119.595742,39.985197 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"40","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f29ae4b0bc0bec0a049c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benson, Larry V. lbenson@usgs.gov","contributorId":1655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benson","given":"Larry","email":"lbenson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hattori, E.M.","contributorId":48371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hattori","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Southon, J.","contributorId":88922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Southon","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Aleck, B.","contributorId":100298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aleck","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70118056,"text":"70118056 - 2013 - The aeromagnetic method as a tool to identify Cenozoic magmatism in the West Antarctic Rift System beneath the West Antarctic Ice Sheet: a  review; Thiel subglacial volcano as possible source of the ash layer in the WAISCOR","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-15T14:17:16","indexId":"70118056","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-25T11:44:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The aeromagnetic method as a tool to identify Cenozoic magmatism in the West Antarctic Rift System beneath the West Antarctic Ice Sheet: a  review; Thiel subglacial volcano as possible source of the ash layer in the WAISCOR","docAbstract":"<p>The West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) flows through the volcanically active West Antarctic Rift System (WARS). The aeromagnetic method has been the most useful geophysical tool for identification of subglacial volcanic rocks, since 1959–64 surveys, particularly combined with 1978 radar ice-sounding. The unique 1991–97 Central West Antarctica (CWA) aerogeophysical survey covering 354,000 km<sup>2</sup> over the WAIS, (5-km line-spaced, orthogonal lines of aeromagnetic, radar ice-sounding, and aerogravity measurements), still provides invaluable information on subglacial volcanic rocks, particularly combined with the older aeromagnetic profiles. These data indicate numerous 100–>1000 nT, 5–50-km width, shallow-source, magnetic anomalies over an area greater than 1.2 × 10<sup>6</sup> km<sup>2</sup>, mostly from subglacial volcanic sources. I interpreted the CWA anomalies as defining about 1000 “volcanic centers” requiring high remanent normal magnetizations in the present field direction. About 400 anomaly sources correlate with bed topography. At least 80% of these sources have less than 200 m relief at the WAIS bed. They appear modified by moving ice, requiring a younger age than the WAIS (about 25 Ma).</p>\n<br>\n<p>Exposed volcanoes in the WARS are < 34 Ma, but at least four are active. If a few buried volcanic centers are active, subglacial volcanism may well affect the WAIS regime. Aerogeophysical data (Blankenship et al., 1993, Mt. Casertz; Corr and Vaughan, 2008, near Hudson Mts.) indicated active subglacial volcanism. Magnetic data indicate a caldera and a surrounding “low” in the WAISCORE vicinity possibly the result of a shallow Curie isotherm. High heat flow reported from temperature logging in the WAISCORE (Conway et al., 2011; Clow, personal commun.) and a volcanic ash layer (Dunbar, 2012) are consistent with this interpretation. A subaerially erupted subglacial volcano, (Mt Thiel), about 100 km distant, may be the ash source.</p>\n<br>\n<p>The present rapid changes resulting from global warming, could be accelerated by subglacial volcanism.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Tectonophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.tecto.2012.06.035","usgsCitation":"Behrendt, J.C., 2013, The aeromagnetic method as a tool to identify Cenozoic magmatism in the West Antarctic Rift System beneath the West Antarctic Ice Sheet: a  review; Thiel subglacial volcano as possible source of the ash layer in the WAISCOR: Tectonophysics, v. 585, p. 124-136, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2012.06.035.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"124","endPage":"136","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":290998,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2012.06.035"},{"id":290999,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Antartica","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -163.7,-85.2 ], [ -163.7,-63.3 ], [ -57.1,-63.3 ], [ -57.1,-85.2 ], [ -163.7,-85.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"585","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f29ae4b0bc0bec0a049e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Behrendt, John C. jbehrendt@usgs.gov","contributorId":25945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Behrendt","given":"John","email":"jbehrendt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":213,"text":"Crustal Imaging and Characterization Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":496199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70047201,"text":"70047201 - 2013 - Observations of the northern seasonal polar cap on Mars: I. Spring sublimation activity and processes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-01T15:37:23","indexId":"70047201","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-25T09:41:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Observations of the northern seasonal polar cap on Mars: I. Spring sublimation activity and processes","docAbstract":"Spring sublimation of the seasonal CO<sub>2</sub> northern polar cap is a dynamic process in the current Mars climate. Phenomena include dark fans of dune material propelled out onto the seasonal ice layer, polygonal cracks in the seasonal ice, sand flow down slipfaces, and outbreaks of gas and sand around the dune margins. These phenomena are concentrated on the north polar erg that encircles the northern residual polar cap. The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter has been in orbit for three Mars years, allowing us to observe three northern spring seasons. Activity is consistent with and well described by the Kieffer model of basal sublimation of the seasonal layer of ice applied originally in the southern hemisphere. Three typical weak spots have been identified on the dunes for escape of gas sublimed from the bottom of the seasonal ice layer: the crest of the dune, the interface of the dune with the interdune substrate, and through polygonal cracks in the ice. Pressurized gas flows through these vents and carries out material entrained from the dune. Furrows in the dunes channel gas to outbreak points and may be the northern equivalent of southern radially-organized channels (“araneiform” terrain), albeit not permanent. Properties of the seasonal CO<sub>2</sub> ice layer are derived from timing of seasonal events such as when final sublimation occurs. Modification of dune morphology shows that landscape evolution is occurring on Mars today, driven by seasonal activity associated with sublimation of the seasonal CO<sub>2</sub> polar cap.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2012.09.024","usgsCitation":"Hansen, C., Byrne, S., Portyankina, G., Bourke, M.C., Dovichin, C.M., McEwen, A.S., Mellon, M.T., Pommerol, A., and Thomas, N., 2013, Observations of the northern seasonal polar cap on Mars: I. Spring sublimation activity and processes: Icarus, v. 225, no. 2, p. 881-897, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2012.09.024.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"881","endPage":"897","ipdsId":"IP-039274","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275373,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275372,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2012.09.024"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"225","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f253eae4b0279fe2e1bfd5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hansen, C.J.","contributorId":72530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Byrne, Shane","contributorId":192609,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Byrne","given":"Shane","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Portyankina, Ganna","contributorId":200703,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Portyankina","given":"Ganna","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bourke, Mary C.","contributorId":105992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bourke","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dovichin, Colin M. 0000-0002-9325-5779 cdovichin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9325-5779","contributorId":4505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dovichin","given":"Colin","email":"cdovichin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McEwen, Alfred S.","contributorId":61657,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McEwen","given":"Alfred","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":481336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mellon, Michael T.","contributorId":8603,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mellon","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":7037,"text":"Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":481337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Pommerol, Antoine","contributorId":203693,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pommerol","given":"Antoine","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25430,"text":"University of Bern","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":481339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Thomas, N.","contributorId":72490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70047195,"text":"70047195 - 2013 - Crater-based dating of geological units on Mars: methods and application for the new global geological map","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-07T14:48:10","indexId":"70047195","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-25T09:25:42","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crater-based dating of geological units on Mars: methods and application for the new global geological map","docAbstract":"<p><span>The new, post-Viking generation of Mars orbital imaging and topographical data provide significant higher-resolution details of surface morphologies, which induced a new effort to photo-geologically map the surface of Mars at 1:20,000,000 scale. Although from unit superposition relations a relative stratigraphical framework can be compiled, it was the ambition of this mapping project to provide absolute unit age constraints through crater statistics. In this study, the crater counting method is described in detail, starting with the selection of image data, type locations (both from the mapper’s and crater counter’s perspectives) and the identification of impact craters. We describe the criteria used to validate and analyse measured crater populations, and to derive and interpret crater model ages. We provide examples of how geological information about the unit’s resurfacing history can be retrieved from crater size–frequency distributions. Three cases illustrate short-, intermediate, and long-term resurfacing histories. In addition, we introduce an interpretation-independent visualisation of the crater resurfacing history that uses the reduction of the crater population in a given size range relative to the expected population given the observed crater density at larger sizes. From a set of potential type locations, 48 areas from 22 globally mapped units were deemed suitable for crater counting. Because resurfacing ages were derived from crater statistics, these secondary ages were used to define the unit age rather than the base age. Using the methods described herein, we modelled ages that are consistent with the interpreted stratigraphy. Our derived model ages allow age assignments to be included in unit names. We discuss the limitations of using the crater dating technique for global-scale geological mapping. Finally, we present recommendations for the documentation and presentation of crater statistics in publications.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2013.04.021","usgsCitation":"Platz, T., Michael, G., Tanaka, K.L., Skinner, J., and Fortezzo, C.M., 2013, Crater-based dating of geological units on Mars: methods and application for the new global geological map: Icarus, v. 225, no. 1, p. 806-827, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2013.04.021.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"806","endPage":"827","ipdsId":"IP-041115","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275371,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"225","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f253e9e4b0279fe2e1bfcd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Platz, Thomas","contributorId":64974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Platz","given":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Michael, Gregory","contributorId":46393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"Gregory","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tanaka, Kenneth L. ktanaka@usgs.gov","contributorId":610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanaka","given":"Kenneth","email":"ktanaka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Skinner, James A. 0000-0002-3644-7010 jskinner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3644-7010","contributorId":3187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skinner","given":"James A.","email":"jskinner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fortezzo, Corey M. 0000-0001-8188-5530 cfortezzo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8188-5530","contributorId":25383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fortezzo","given":"Corey","email":"cfortezzo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":130,"text":"Astrogeology Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":481324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70047203,"text":"tm1D5 - 2013 - Optical techniques for the determination of nitrate in environmental waters: Guidelines for instrument selection, operation, deployment, maintenance, quality assurance, and data reporting","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-25T09:15:56","indexId":"tm1D5","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-25T09:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1-D5","title":"Optical techniques for the determination of nitrate in environmental waters: Guidelines for instrument selection, operation, deployment, maintenance, quality assurance, and data reporting","docAbstract":"The recent commercial availability of in situ optical sensors, together with new techniques for data collection and analysis, provides the opportunity to monitor a wide range of water-quality constituents on time scales in which environmental conditions actually change. Of particular interest is the application of ultraviolet (UV) photometers for in situ determination of nitrate concentrations in rivers and streams. The variety of UV nitrate sensors currently available differ in several important ways related to instrument design that affect the accuracy of their nitrate concentration measurements in different types of natural waters. This report provides information about selection and use of UV nitrate sensors by the U.S. Geological Survey to facilitate the collection of high-quality data across studies, sites, and instrument types.\n\nFor those in need of technical background and information about sensor selection, this report addresses the operating principles, key features and sensor design, sensor characterization techniques and typical interferences, and approaches for sensor deployment. For those needing information about maintaining sensor performance in the field, key sections in this report address maintenance and calibration protocols, quality-assurance techniques, and data formats and reporting. Although the focus of this report is UV nitrate sensors, many of the principles can be applied to other in situ optical sensors for water-quality studies.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Section D: Water quality in Book 1 <i>Collection of Water Data by Direct Measurement</i>","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm1D5","collaboration":"This report is Chapter 5 of Section D: Water quality in Book 1 <i>Collection of Water Data by Direct Measurement</i>","usgsCitation":"Pellerin, B., Bergamaschi, B., Downing, B.D., Saraceno, J., Garrett, J.D., and Olsen, L., 2013, Optical techniques for the determination of nitrate in environmental waters: Guidelines for instrument selection, operation, deployment, maintenance, quality assurance, and data reporting: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 1-D5, vi, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm1D5.","productDescription":"vi, 37 p.","numberOfPages":"48","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275370,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm1D5.jpg"},{"id":275369,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/01/d5/"},{"id":275368,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/01/d5/pdf/tm1d5.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f253eae4b0279fe2e1bfd9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pellerin, Brian A.","contributorId":58385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pellerin","given":"Brian A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bergamaschi, Brian A. 0000-0002-9610-5581","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9610-5581","contributorId":73241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergamaschi","given":"Brian A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Downing, Bryan D. 0000-0002-2007-5304 bdowning@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2007-5304","contributorId":1449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downing","given":"Bryan","email":"bdowning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Saraceno, John Franco 0000-0003-0064-1820","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0064-1820","contributorId":71686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saraceno","given":"John Franco","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Garrett, Jessica D. 0000-0002-4466-3709 jgarrett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4466-3709","contributorId":4229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrett","given":"Jessica","email":"jgarrett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Olsen, Lisa D. ldolsen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"Lisa D.","email":"ldolsen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70178335,"text":"70178335 - 2013 - Seasonal changes in peatland surface elevation recorded at GPS stations in the Red Lake Peatlands, northern Minnesota, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-26T18:05:02.898103","indexId":"70178335","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2320,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal changes in peatland surface elevation recorded at GPS stations in the Red Lake Peatlands, northern Minnesota, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span class=\"paraNumber\"><span>&nbsp;</span></span><span>Northern peatlands appear to hold large volumes of free‐phase gas (e.g., CH</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;and CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>), which has been detected by surface deformations, pore pressure profiles, and electromagnetic surveys. Determining the gas content and its impact in peat is challenging because gas storage depends on both the elastic properties of the peat matrix and the buoyant forces exerted by pore fluids. We therefore used a viscoelastic deformation model to estimate these variables by adjusting model runs to reproduce observed changes in peat surface elevation within a 1300 km</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;peatland. A local GPS network documented significant changes in surface elevations throughout the year with the greatest vertical displacements associated with rapid changes in peat water content and unloadings due to melting of the winter snowpack. These changes were coherent with changes in water table elevation and also abnormal pore pressure changes measured by nests of instrumented piezometers. The deformation model reproduced these changes when the gas content was adjusted to 10% of peat volume, and Young's modulus was varied between 5 and 100 kPa as the peat profile shifted from tension to compression. In contrast, the model predicted little peat deformation when the gas content was 3% or lower. These model simulations are consistent with previous estimates of gas volume in northern peatlands and suggest an upper limit of gas storage controlled by the elastic moduli of the peat fabric.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2013JG002404","usgsCitation":"Reeve, A., Glaser, P., and Rosenberry, D.O., 2013, Seasonal changes in peatland surface elevation recorded at GPS stations in the Red Lake Peatlands, northern Minnesota, USA: Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, v. 118, no. 4, p. 1616-1626, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JG002404.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1616","endPage":"1626","ipdsId":"IP-048928","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473651,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2013jg002404","text":"Publisher Index 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