{"pageNumber":"1424","pageRowStart":"35575","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40859,"records":[{"id":1244,"text":"wsp2341A - 1989 - Statistical analysis relating well yield to construction practices and siting of wells in the Piedmont and Blue Ridge provinces of North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-01T10:26:49","indexId":"wsp2341A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2341","chapter":"A","title":"Statistical analysis relating well yield to construction practices and siting of wells in the Piedmont and Blue Ridge provinces of North Carolina","docAbstract":"A statistical analysis was made of data from more than 6,200 water wells drilled in the fractured crystalline rocks of the Blue Ridge, Piedmont, and western edge of the Coastal Plain where crystalline rocks underlie sediments at shallow depths. The study area encompassed 65 counties in western North Carolina, an area of 30,544 square miles, comprising nearly two-thirds of the State. Additional water supplies will be needed in western North Carolina as population and industrial development continue to increase. Ground water is an attractive alternative to surface water sources for moderate to large supplies. The statistical analysis was made to identify the geologic, topographic, and construction factors associated with high-yield wells. It is generally held that the crystalline rocks of Blue Ridge and Piedmont provinces yield only small amounts of water to wells, that water is obtained from vertical fractures that pinch out at a depth of about 300 feet because of lithostatic pressure, and that the function of a larger diameter well is primarily for storage. These concepts are reasonable when based upon the average well drilled in these rocks: a domestic well, 125 feet deep, 6 inches or less in diameter, and located on a hill or ridge. However, statistical analysis shows that wells in draws or valleys have average yields three times those of wells on hills and ridges. Wells in the most productive hydrogeologic units have average yields twice those of wells in the least productive units. Wells in draws and valleys in the most productive units average five times more yield than wells on hills and ridges in the least productive units. Well diameter can have significant influence on yield; for a given depth, yield is directly proportional to well diameter. Maximum well yields are obtained from much greater depths than previously believed. For example, the average yield of 6-inch diameter wells located in draws and valleys can be expected to reach a maximum of about 45 gallons per minute at depths of 500 to 525 feet; for similarly located 12-inch diameter wells, the average yield can be expected to reach a maximum of about 150 gallons per min at depths of 700 to 800 feet.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O. ;\r\nFor sale by the Books and Open-File Reports Section, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2341A","usgsCitation":"Daniel, C., 1989, Statistical analysis relating well yield to construction practices and siting of wells in the Piedmont and Blue Ridge provinces of North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2341, iv, 27 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2341A.","productDescription":"iv, 27 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":137253,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2341a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26173,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2341a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Blue Ridge Province, Piedmont 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,{"id":11834,"text":"ofr89531 - 1989 - Additional mineral resources assessment of the Battle Creek, Bruneau River, Deep Creek-Owyhee River, Jarbidge River, Juniper Creek, Little Owyhee River, North Fork Owyhee River, Owyhee River Canyon, South Fork Owyhee River, Upper Deep Creek, and Yatahoney Creek Wilderness Study Areas, Owyhee County, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:41","indexId":"ofr89531","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-531","title":"Additional mineral resources assessment of the Battle Creek, Bruneau River, Deep Creek-Owyhee River, Jarbidge River, Juniper Creek, Little Owyhee River, North Fork Owyhee River, Owyhee River Canyon, South Fork Owyhee River, Upper Deep Creek, and Yatahoney Creek Wilderness Study Areas, Owyhee County, Idaho","docAbstract":"From 1984 to 1986, studies were conducted to assess the potential for undiscovered mineral resources in wilderness study areas on the Owyhee Plateau. The results of these studies have been published in a series of U.S. Geological Survey Bulletins. Since that time, low-grade, high-tonnage epithermal hot-spring gold-silver deposits have been recognized in the region north of the wilderness study areas. The recognition that this mineral-deposit model is applicable in the region, coupled with new data that has become available to the U.S. Geological Survey, reinterpretation of existing geochemical data, and known-deposit data suggest that similar deposits may be present elsewhere on the Owyhee Plateau. This report is an additional assessment of the Battle Creek, Bruneau River, Deep Creek-Owyhee River, Jarbidge River, Juniper Creek, Little Owyhee River, North Fork Owyhee River, Owyhee River Canyon, South Fork Owyhee River (ID-016-053), Upper Deep Creek, and Yatahoney Creek Wilderness Study Areas in Idaho Wilderness Study Areas in Idaho in light of those new data.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr89531","usgsCitation":"Diggles, M.F., Berger, B.R., Vander Meulen, D.B., Minor, S.A., Ach, J.A., and Sawlan, M.G., 1989, Additional mineral resources assessment of the Battle Creek, Bruneau River, Deep Creek-Owyhee River, Jarbidge River, Juniper Creek, Little Owyhee River, North Fork Owyhee River, Owyhee River Canyon, South Fork Owyhee River, Upper Deep Creek, and Yatahoney Creek Wilderness Study Areas, Owyhee County, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-531, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr89531.","productDescription":"12 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":979,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/of89-531/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":145780,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699b26","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Diggles, Michael F. 0000-0002-9946-0247 mdiggles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9946-0247","contributorId":810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diggles","given":"Michael","email":"mdiggles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5053,"text":"IPDS Training","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5066,"text":"Office of the Director USGS","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":163825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berger, Byron R. bberger@usgs.gov","contributorId":1490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berger","given":"Byron","email":"bberger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":163826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vander Meulen, Dean B.","contributorId":79483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vander Meulen","given":"Dean","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":163829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Minor, Scott A. 0000-0002-6976-9235 sminor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6976-9235","contributorId":765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minor","given":"Scott","email":"sminor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":163824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ach, Jay A.","contributorId":55446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ach","given":"Jay","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":163828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sawlan, Michael G. 0000-0003-0637-2051 msawlan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0637-2051","contributorId":2291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sawlan","given":"Michael","email":"msawlan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":163827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":20555,"text":"ofr88729 - 1989 - Documentation of a computer program to simulate stream-aquifer relations using a modular, finite-difference, ground-water flow model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-30T19:22:41","indexId":"ofr88729","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-729","title":"Documentation of a computer program to simulate stream-aquifer relations using a modular, finite-difference, ground-water flow model","docAbstract":"Computer models are widely used to simulate groundwater flow for evaluating and managing the groundwater resource of many aquifers, but few are designed to also account for surface flow in streams. A computer program was written for use in the US Geological Survey modular finite difference groundwater flow model to account for the amount of flow in streams and to simulate the interaction between surface streams and groundwater. The new program is called the Streamflow-Routing Package. The Streamflow-Routing Package is not a true surface water flow model, but rather is an accounting program that tracks the flow in one or more streams which interact with groundwater. The program limits the amount of groundwater recharge to the available streamflow. It permits two or more streams to merge into one with flow in the merged stream equal to the sum of the tributary flows. The program also permits diversions from streams. The groundwater flow model with the Streamflow-Routing Package has an advantage over the analytical solution in simulating the interaction between aquifer and stream because it can be used to simulate complex systems that cannot be readily solved analytically. The Streamflow-Routing Package does not include a time function for streamflow but rather streamflow entering the modeled area is assumed to be instantly available to downstream reaches during each time period. This assumption is generally reasonable because of the relatively slow rate of groundwater flow. Another assumption is that leakage between streams and aquifers is instantaneous. This assumption may not be reasonable if the streams and aquifers are separated by a thick unsaturated zone. Documentation of the Streamflow-Routing Package includes data input instructions; flow charts, narratives, and listings of the computer program for each of four modules; and input data sets and printed results for two test problems, and one example problem. (Lantz-PTT)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr88729","usgsCitation":"Prudic, D.E., 1989, Documentation of a computer program to simulate stream-aquifer relations using a modular, finite-difference, ground-water flow model: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-729, vi, 113 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr88729.","productDescription":"vi, 113 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":50074,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0729/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":152740,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0729/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db629742","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prudic, David E. deprudic@usgs.gov","contributorId":3430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prudic","given":"David","email":"deprudic@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":182835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":28903,"text":"wri894130 - 1989 - Effects of limestone quarrying and cement-plant operations on runoff and sediment yields in the Upper Permanente Creek basin, Santa Clara County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:47","indexId":"wri894130","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4130","title":"Effects of limestone quarrying and cement-plant operations on runoff and sediment yields in the Upper Permanente Creek basin, Santa Clara County, California","docAbstract":"High sediment loads below headwater areas of the Permanente Creek drainage basin, Santa Clara County, California, have caused flood-control problems in downstream lowland areas. Measured sediment yields in Permanente Creek, which drains areas affected by limestone quarrying and cement-plant operations, were 14 times greater than yields from the West Fork Permanente Creek, which primarily drains parkland. Part of this large disparity in yields is the result of higher runoff/unit of drainage area in the Permanente Creek Basin. Results of rainfall-runoff modeling indicate that the tendency for higher runoff from Permanente Creek results from natural differences in basin physiography. Runoff during periods of high streamflow (when most sediment is transported) is dominated by subsurface flow, which is not affected by human activities. Although artificial features created by human activities seem to have had only minor effects on runoff, they apparently have had major effects on sediment availability. Artificial features accounted for 273 acres (89%) of the 307 acres of active erosional landforms mapped in 1984. Increased availability of sediment in the Permanente Creek basin appears to be indicated by elevated intercepts of sediment-transport curves. A comparison of sediment-transport curves for the West Fork Permanente Creek with similar curves for the Permanente Creek basin under natural conditions suggests that the sediment yield from Permanente Creek is about 3.5 times higher than it would be under natural basin conditions. The increased yield apparently is due to an increase in sediment availability rather than an increase in runoff. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri894130","usgsCitation":"Nolan, K., and Hill, B.R., 1989, Effects of limestone quarrying and cement-plant operations on runoff and sediment yields in the Upper Permanente Creek basin, Santa Clara County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4130, vi, 48 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894130.","productDescription":"vi, 48 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124163,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4130/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57776,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4130/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611c78","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nolan, K.M.","contributorId":36151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nolan","given":"K.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hill, B. R.","contributorId":72833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":27653,"text":"wri884140 - 1989 - Application of the precipitation-runoff modeling system to the Ah-Shi-Sle-Pah Wash watershed, San Juan County, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-10T22:53:19.002925","indexId":"wri884140","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4140","title":"Application of the precipitation-runoff modeling system to the Ah-Shi-Sle-Pah Wash watershed, San Juan County, New Mexico","docAbstract":"<p>The precipitation-runoff modeling system was applied to the 8.21 sq-mi drainage area of the Ah-shi-sle-pah Wash watershed in northwestern New Mexico. The calibration periods were May to September of 1981 and 1982, and the verification period was May to September 1983. Twelve storms were available for calibration and 8 storms were available for verification. For calibration A (hydraulic conductivity estimated from onsite data and other storm-mode parameters optimized), the computed standard error of estimate was 50% for runoff volumes and 72% of peak discharges. Calibration B included hydraulic conductivity in the optimization, which reduced the standard error of estimate to 28 % for runoff volumes and 50% for peak discharges. Optimized values for hydraulic conductivity resulted in reductions from 1.00 to 0.26 in/h and 0.20 to 0.03 in/h for the 2 general soils groups in the calibrations. Simulated runoff volumes using 7 of 8 storms occurring during the verification period had a standard error of estimate of 40% for verification A and 38% for verification B. Simulated peak discharge had a standard error of estimate of 120% for verification A and 56% for verification B. Including the eighth storm which had a relatively small magnitude in the verification analysis more than doubled the standard error of estimating volumes and peaks.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri884140","usgsCitation":"Hejl, H.R., 1989, Application of the precipitation-runoff modeling system to the Ah-Shi-Sle-Pah Wash watershed, San Juan County, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4140, iv, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884140.","productDescription":"iv, 36 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":395827,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47049.htm"},{"id":56509,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4140/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":121581,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4140/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","county":"San Juan County","otherGeospatial":"Ah-Shi-Sle-Pah Wash watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -107.97431945800781,\n              36.134547437460064\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.87406921386717,\n              36.134547437460064\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.87406921386717,\n              36.18942952802744\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.97431945800781,\n              36.18942952802744\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.97431945800781,\n              36.134547437460064\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67a96a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hejl, H. R. Jr.","contributorId":69555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hejl","given":"H.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29572,"text":"wri884141 - 1989 - Assessment of processes affecting low-flow water quality of Cedar Creek, west-central Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:03","indexId":"wri884141","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4141","title":"Assessment of processes affecting low-flow water quality of Cedar Creek, west-central Illinois","docAbstract":"Water quality and the processes that affect dissolved oxygen, nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus species), and algal concentrations were evaluated for a 23.8-mile reach of Cedar Creek near Galesburg, west-central Illinois, during periods of warm-weather, low-flow conditions. Water quality samples were collected and stream conditions were measured over a diel (24 hour) period on three occasions during July and August 1985. Analysis of data from the diel-sampling periods indicates that concentrations of iron, copper, manganese, phenols, and total dissolved-solids exceeded Illinois ' general-use water quality standards in some locations. Dissolved-oxygen concentrations were less than the State minimum standard throughout much of the study reach. These data were used to calibrate and verify a one-dimensional, steady-state, water quality model. The computer model was used to assess the relative effects on low-flow water quality of processes such as algal photosynthesis and respiration, ammonia oxidation, biochemical oxygen demand, sediment oxygen demand, and stream reaeration. Results from model simulations and sensitivity analysis indicate that sediment oxygen demand is the principal cause of low dissolved-oxygen concentrations in the creek. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri884141","usgsCitation":"Schmidt, A.R., Freeman, W., and McFarlane, R., 1989, Assessment of processes affecting low-flow water quality of Cedar Creek, west-central Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4141, ix, 70 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884141.","productDescription":"ix, 70 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2390,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://il.water.usgs.gov/pubsearch/reports.cgi/view?series=WRIR&number=88-4141","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":126716,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4141/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58400,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4141/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abae4b07f02db671ed3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmidt, Arthur R.","contributorId":105709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Freeman, W.O.","contributorId":30238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"W.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McFarlane, R.D.","contributorId":105728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McFarlane","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":12293,"text":"ofr89109 - 1989 - Shipboard report for Hawaii GLORIA ground-truth cruise F11-88-HW, 25 Oct.-7 Nov., 1988","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-13T16:34:14","indexId":"ofr89109","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-109","title":"Shipboard report for Hawaii GLORIA ground-truth cruise F11-88-HW, 25 Oct.-7 Nov., 1988","docAbstract":"<p>GLORIA side-scan imagery of the region north of Oahu was collected during two cruises in the spring of 1988. These cruises, F4-88-HW and F6-88-HW, discovered an extensive lava flow field on the Hawaiian Arch and extensive landslide deposits that moved down through the Hawaiian Moat and up onto the Hawaiian Arch. These landslide deposits were apparently derived from two separate submarine failures on the north side of Molokai and the northeast side of Oahu. The cruise reports for these cruises will be released as USGS Open-File Reports in 1989.</p><p>This report summarizes the results of a subsequent cruise, F11-88-HW on the R/V Farnella, to sample some of the features discovered during the prior GLORIA surveys. Cruise F11-88-HW began in Honolulu on Oct. 25, 1988 and ended in Honolulu on Nov. 7, 1988. The major objectives of the cruise were to sample the giant lava field north of Oahu (Figure 1), to sample an apparently young flow between Oahu and Kauai (Figure 2) , to do some preliminary sampling of the deposits of the Nuuanu giant landslide northnortheast of Oahu, and to determine the thickness of sediment on flows in this lava field to compare to the acoustic backscatter variations observed in the GLORIA imagery of the flow field.</p><p>These objectives were modified during the cruise due to rough seas which limited the deployment of the camera sled and to problems with the coring equipment which limited us to collecting 10 ft gravity cores. In particular, we did not complete any work aimed directly at the Nuuanu landslide deposits. The comparison of sediment thickness on the flows to observed acoustic backscatter on the GLORIA images was not completed because flows with intermediate backscatter were found to have thicker sediment than we could sample. The other objectives were achieved and lava samples of the flows and vents of the flow field were recovered from 23 locations. Gravity cores on top of the flows also determined the sediment thickness at 12 locations. The flow between Oahu and Kauai was sampled and photographed and found to be young, but clearly not historic in age.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr89109","usgsCitation":"Clague, D.A., Holcomb, R.T., Torresan, M.E., and Ross, S.L., 1989, Shipboard report for Hawaii GLORIA ground-truth cruise F11-88-HW, 25 Oct.-7 Nov., 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-109, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr89109.","productDescription":"33 p.","numberOfPages":"33","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":40515,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0109/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":143698,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0109/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fae4b07f02db5f401f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clague, David A.","contributorId":77105,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clague","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holcomb, Robin T.","contributorId":46938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holcomb","given":"Robin","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Torresan, Michael E. mtorresan@usgs.gov","contributorId":4392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torresan","given":"Michael","email":"mtorresan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":165804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ross, Stephanie L. 0000-0003-1389-4405 sross@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1389-4405","contributorId":1024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"Stephanie","email":"sross@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":165806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":28392,"text":"wri894095 - 1989 - Peak-flow characteristics of small urban drainages along the Wasatch Front, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:49","indexId":"wri894095","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4095","title":"Peak-flow characteristics of small urban drainages along the Wasatch Front, Utah","docAbstract":"Designers and planners for local, State, and Federal agencies need up-to- date methods for determining peak-flow characteristics for urban drainages along the Wasatch Front, Utah. This report summarizes methods used to develop equations that estimate peak-flows for small urban drainages along the Wasatch Front. Mathematical equations were developed that estimate peak flows for recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 years, for small urban drainages. Data entry to the equations requires measurements of basin slope, size and percent impervious area. Rainfall and runoff data collected from eight urban drainages along the Wasatch Front from 1984-86, were used to calibrate a rainfall-runoff model called DR3M-II. Rainfall data collected from 1948-83 at the National Weather Service Salt Lake City Airport station provided additional long-term data to the calibrated models. Log Pearson fits made to the peak flow data were used to estimate the recurrence interval peaks for each basin. Paired stations on Little Cottonwood Creek near Salt Lake City were used to help determine the effects of intervening urban drainage on peaks of larger streams. In general, peaks on larger streams caused by snowmelt and peaks caused by rainfall (where urban areas may have a significant effect) did not occur simultaneously. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri894095","usgsCitation":"Lindskov, K., and Thompson, K.R., 1989, Peak-flow characteristics of small urban drainages along the Wasatch Front, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4095, v, 38 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894095.","productDescription":"v, 38 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123376,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4095/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57191,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4095/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db688575","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lindskov, K.L.","contributorId":91077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindskov","given":"K.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, K. R.","contributorId":92677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":80281,"text":"fwsobs82_10_156 - 1989 - Habitat Suitability Index Models: Black-tailed prairie dog","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-28T16:41:33.96964","indexId":"fwsobs82_10_156","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"82/10.156","subseriesTitle":"Habitat Suitability Index","title":"Habitat Suitability Index Models: Black-tailed prairie dog","docAbstract":"A review and synthesis of existing information were used to develop a Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) model for the black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomus ludovicianus). The model consolidates habitat use information into a framework appropriate for field application, and is scaled to produce an index between 0.0 (unsuitable habitat) to 1.0 (optimum habitat). HSI models are designed to be used with Habitat Evaluation Procedures previously developed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Clippinger, N.W., 1989, Habitat Suitability Index Models: Black-tailed prairie dog: FWS/OBS 82/10.156, vi, 21 p.","productDescription":"vi, 21 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195592,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649cac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clippinger, Norman W.","contributorId":42674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clippinger","given":"Norman","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26404,"text":"wri884126 - 1989 - A vertically averaged spectral model for tidal circulation in estuaries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-26T16:38:54","indexId":"wri884126","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4126","title":"A vertically averaged spectral model for tidal circulation in estuaries","docAbstract":"<p>A frequency dependent computer model based on the two-dimensional vertically averaged shallow-water equations is described for general purpose application in tidally dominated embayments. This model simulates the response of both tides and tidal currents to user-specified geometries and boundary conditions. The mathematical formulation and practical application of the model are discussed in detail. Salient features of the model include the ability to specify: (1) stage at the open boundaries as well as within the model grid, (2) velocities on open boundaries (river inflows and so forth), (3) spatially variable wind stress, and (4) spatially variable bottom friction. Using harmonically analyzed field data as boundary conditions, this model can be used to make real time predictions of tides and tidal currents. (USGS)</p>","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri884126","usgsCitation":"Burau, J., and Cheng, R.T., 1989, A vertically averaged spectral model for tidal circulation in estuaries: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4126, iv, 31 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884126.","productDescription":"iv, 31 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122831,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4126/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55194,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4126/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a52e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burau, J.R. 0000-0002-5196-5035","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5196-5035","contributorId":7307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burau","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cheng, R. T.","contributorId":23138,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cheng","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":61310,"text":"mf1964 - 1989 - Map showing late Quaternary faults and 1978-84 seismicity of the Los Angeles region, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-10T14:31:20.709024","indexId":"mf1964","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1964","title":"Map showing late Quaternary faults and 1978-84 seismicity of the Los Angeles region, California","docAbstract":"<p>The Los Angeles region of California faces the greatest seismic risk of any part of the United States. The region is inhabited by more than 11 million people and is one of the Nation's key commercial and industrial centers. It lies astride a web of potentially active faults, including those segments of the San Andreas fault with the highest probability for generating a great earthquake during the next 30 years (Lindh, 1983; Sykes and Nishenko, 1984; Wesson and Wallace, 1985; U.S. Geological Survey, 1988). Moreover, many potentially active faults that can generate moderate-size, but damaging earthquakes lie within the metropolitan areas. Earthquakes along some of these faults—for example, a magnitude 6.5 event on the Newport-Inglewood zone—could produce losses exceeding those from a great earthquake on the more distant San Andreas fault (Evernden and Thomson, 1985).</p><p>This map shows, at 1:250,000 scale, known or suspected late Quaternary faults of the Los Angeles region, the ages of their most recent surface movements, and the associated earthquake activity for a recent 7-year period (1978 through 1984). The geologic and seismologic character of these faults and their potential for generating damaging earthquakes recently were evaluated by Ziony and Yerkes (1985). The map is intended primarily to inform scientists, engineers, and planners of the distribution of those faults that may have a potential for generating damaging earthquakes and (or) displacements of the Earth's surface. The map data also should contribute to further investigations of the seismotectonic setting of the Los Angeles region.</p><p>The mapped area extends from lat 33°15' N. to 34°45' N. and from long 116°45' W. to 120°00' W. This region encompasses parts of the Transverse Ranges (including the Santa Ynez, Santa Susana, Santa Monica, San Gabriel, and San Bernardino Mountains), the Los Angeles basin, part of the Mojave Desert, and segments of the Peninsular Ranges (including the Puente Hills, Santa Ana Mountains, and the northern San Jacinto Mountains). Offshore, it includes the eastern Santa Barbara Channel, several of the Channel Islands, the Santa Monica and San Pedro basins, Santa Catalina Island, and part of the Gulf of Santa Catalina.</p><p>In addition to the Los Angeles metropolitan area, the cities of Santa Barbara, Ventura, Riverside, and San Bernardino are within the map area.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf1964","usgsCitation":"Ziony, J., and Jones, L.M., 1989, Map showing late Quaternary faults and 1978-84 seismicity of the Los Angeles region, California: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1964, Report: 23 p.; 1 Plate: 50.06 x 33.90 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1964.","productDescription":"Report: 23 p.; 1 Plate: 50.06 x 33.90 inches","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":400390,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1964/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":400389,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1964/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":180283,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1964/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"250000","projection":"National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929","country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Los Angeles","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120,33.25 ], [ -120,34.75 ], [ -116.75,34.75 ], [ -116.75,33.25 ], [ -120,33.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b42fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ziony, Joseph I.","contributorId":16829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ziony","given":"Joseph I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, Lucile M. jones@usgs.gov","contributorId":1014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Lucile","email":"jones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":265368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":29024,"text":"wri894120 - 1989 - Geology and ground-water resources of the Fort Pillow Sand in western Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:53","indexId":"wri894120","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4120","title":"Geology and ground-water resources of the Fort Pillow Sand in western Tennessee","docAbstract":"To Fort Pillow Sand of the Wilcox Group of Tertiary age underlies approximately 7,700 sq mi in western Tennessee. The formation consists primarily of very fine to very coarse sand that locally contains minor lenses or beds of clay or silt. The Fort Pillow Sand ranges from 0 to 350 ft in thickness. Recharge to the Fort Pillow aquifer generally is from precipitation on the outcrop and by downward infiltration of water from the overlying fluvial deposits of Tertiary and Quaternary age and alluvium of Quaternary age. Long-term data indicate that water levels in the Fort Pillow aquifer in areas affected by pumping have declined at average rates ranging from 0.4 to 0.9 ft/year during the period 1945-83. The water generally is a sodium bicarbonate type that contains low concentrations of most major constituents and generally is suitable for most uses. Dissolved solids concentrations ranged from 20 to 143 mg/L. Twenty-four aquifer tests made during the period 1932-61 indicate that transmissivities average about 13,100 sq ft/day at Memphis and about 10,000 sq ft/day at Jackson. Storage coefficients at these locations average about 0.0002 and 0.0015, respectively. The Fort Pillow aquifer presently provides moderate to large quantities of water to several public and industrial well fields and small quantities to numerous domestic and farm wells. Withdrawal for public and industrial supplies in 1983 averaged about 10.6 million gal/day. The Fort Pillow aquifer is widespread and virtually untapped and has much potential for future use. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri894120","usgsCitation":"Parks, W.S., and Carmichael, J.K., 1989, Geology and ground-water resources of the Fort Pillow Sand in western Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4120, iv, 20 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894120.","productDescription":"iv, 20 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":118915,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_89_4120.jpg"},{"id":2291,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri89-4120","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db685556","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parks, W. S.","contributorId":99555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parks","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carmichael, J. K.","contributorId":90276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carmichael","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":2894,"text":"wsp2304 - 1989 - Potential hydrologic effects of ground-water withdrawals from the Dakota Aquifer, southwestern Kansas","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":16454,"text":"ofr85567 - 1985 - Potential hydrologic effects of ground-water withdrawals from the Dakota Aquifer, southwestern Kansas","indexId":"ofr85567","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"title":"Potential hydrologic effects of ground-water withdrawals from the Dakota Aquifer, southwestern Kansas"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2894,"text":"wsp2304 - 1989 - Potential hydrologic effects of ground-water withdrawals from the Dakota Aquifer, southwestern Kansas","indexId":"wsp2304","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"title":"Potential hydrologic effects of ground-water withdrawals from the Dakota Aquifer, southwestern Kansas"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:20","indexId":"wsp2304","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2304","title":"Potential hydrologic effects of ground-water withdrawals from the Dakota Aquifer, southwestern Kansas","docAbstract":"A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of potential development of the Dakota aquifer on the layered-aquifer system above Permian rocks in a 5,000-square-mile area of southwestern Kansas. This aquifer system, which consists of five layers, includes the Cheyenne aquifer, the Kiowa confining unit, the Dakota aquifer, the Niobrara-Graneros confining unit, and the High Plains aquifer. Water supplies from the sandstone aquifers thus far have been developed mainly in parts of Hodgeman and Ford Counties. Management restrictions placed on further development of the High Plains aquifer could lead to additional development of the sandstone aquifers in the study area. \r\n\r\nThe upper sandstone aquifer, the Dakota aquifer, consists of sandstone and shale of the Lower Cretaceous Dakota Sandstone and is as much as 400 feet thick. Transmissivity of the Dakota aquifer, determined from analyses of pumping tests, ranges from 100-7,100 feet squared per day. The Dakota aquifer is confined where it is overlain by the shales and limestones of the Upper Cretaceous Niobrara-Graneros confining unit, but locally it is unconfined. \r\n\r\nThe lower sandstone aquifer, the Cheyenne aquifer, consists of the sandstone and shales of the Lower Cretaceous Cheyenne Sandstone in the eastern half of the study area plus undifferentiated Middle and Upper Jurassic rocks (sandstone, siltstone, shale, and limestone) in the western half of the study area. Maximum thickness of the Cheyenne aquifer is more than 300 feet, and maximum transmissivity is estimated at 3,000 feet squared per day. \r\n\r\nEstimated water use in the study area was about 8,800,000 acre-feet from the High Plains aquifer and about 160,000 acre-feet from the Dakota aquifer during 1975-82. The Cheyenne aquifer is not developed in the study area, and no water use from it is reported. \r\n\r\nThe chemical characteristics of water in the sandstone aquifers are highly variable in the study area. Water in the Dakota aquifer is a calcium bicarbonate type water, similar to water in the High Plains aquifer, in the subcrop area. However, in areas distant from the subcrop, water in the Dakota aquifer is a sodium bicarbonate type water with dissolved-solids concentrations in excess of 500 milligrams per liter. In some parts of the study area, water from the Dakota presents high to very high salinity and sodium hazards to crops and soil when it is used for irrigation. The Cheyenne aquifer locally contains mineralized water, as indicated by the response of resistivity curves on geophysical logs. \r\n\r\nHydrographs of wells completed in the Dakota aquifer indicate that the Dakota and High Plains aquifers are hydraulically connected in and near subcrop areas. Locally, the Dakota aquifer has converted from confined to unconfined conditions as a result of declining water levels due to pumpage from the Dakota aquifer and as the result of depletion of the High Plains aquifer in subcrop areas. Gradual declines in the potentiometric surface of the Dakota aquifer have occurred since the onset of pumpage in the 1960's; however, water levels in some wells have risen during the late 1970's. \r\n\r\nA digital computer model of three-dimensional groundwater flow was developed to simulate hydrologic conditions of a five-layer hydrologic system for 1975-82 conditions. The major components of the simulated 1975-82 water budget were well discharge from the High Plains aquifer and loss of ground water from storage in the High Plains aquifer. Although downward leakage from the High Plains aquifer in the study area represented only 18,000 acre-feet of the 1,365,000 acre-feet discharged from the High Plains aquifer during 1982, it was a major source of inflow to the Dakota aquifer. Changes in storage in the Dakota aquifer in the study area during 1982 were about 5,000 acre-feet. \r\n\r\nA baseline projection was made using 1982 simulated hydraulic heads from the calibrated model and 1982 rates of pumpage from both the High Plains and the Dakota aquifer","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2304","usgsCitation":"Watts, K.R., 1989, Potential hydrologic effects of ground-water withdrawals from the Dakota Aquifer, southwestern Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2304, vii, 47 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2304.","productDescription":"vii, 47 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138363,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2304/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":29546,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2304/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad4e4b07f02db68313d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watts, Kenneth R. krwatts@usgs.gov","contributorId":1647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watts","given":"Kenneth","email":"krwatts@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":145969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":28539,"text":"wri884171 - 1989 - Potential for saltwater intrusion into the Upper Floridan aquifer, Hernando and Manatee Counties, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-13T17:44:09.51239","indexId":"wri884171","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4171","title":"Potential for saltwater intrusion into the Upper Floridan aquifer, Hernando and Manatee Counties, Florida","docAbstract":"Pumpage from the Upper Floridan aquifer has caused a lowering of the potentiometric surface and has increased potential for saltwater intrusion into the aquifer in coastal areas of west-central Florida. Groundwater withdrawals are likely to increase because of expected population growth, especially in coastal areas. To increase the understanding of the potential and mechanics of saltwater intrusion, two sites were selected for study. Data were collected at each site from a centrally located deep well, and digital models were developed to simulate groundwater flow and solute transport. The northern site is in Hernando County near the town of Aripeka. The test well in the area was drilled about 1 mile from the coast to a depth of 820 ft. Freshwater was present in the carbonate rock aquifer to a depth of about 500 ft and saltwater occurred from 560 ft to the base of the aquifer at about 750 ft. Between the freshwater and saltwater is the zone of transition, also referred to as the freshwater-saltwater interface. The southern site is in Manatee County near the town of Rubonia. Drilling of the test well was completed at 1,260 ft, just below the base of the Upper Floridan aquifer. The transition zone in this well occurs between 875 and 975 ft within a highly permeable zone. Digital simulations show flow patterns similar to the cyclic flow of seawater and interface theory. Simulations have shown that saltwater contamination of coastal wells would not be noticed as quickly as water-level declines resulting from inland pumpage. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri884171","usgsCitation":"Mahon, G., 1989, Potential for saltwater intrusion into the Upper Floridan aquifer, Hernando and Manatee Counties, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4171, iv, 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884171.","productDescription":"iv, 47 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119049,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4171/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57352,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4171/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":466123,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47075.htm","text":"Hernando County"},{"id":466124,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47076.htm","text":"Manatee County","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Hernando County, Manatee 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,{"id":25938,"text":"wri884216 - 1989 - Monthly and annual suspended-sediment loads in the Brazos River at Richmond, Texas, 1966-86 water years","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-10T15:41:00","indexId":"wri884216","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4216","title":"Monthly and annual suspended-sediment loads in the Brazos River at Richmond, Texas, 1966-86 water years","docAbstract":"<p>Sampling to determine suspended-sediment concentrations at the Brazos River at Richmond, Texas, began in January 1966 and ended in September 1986. Depth-integrated samples were collected during all flow conditions. The records for this station are considered good.</p>\n<p>The mean monthly suspended-sediment loads in the Brazos River at Richmond ranged from 2,500 to 91,000 tons during the period of record. The annual suspended-sediment load ranged from 404,500 to 30,800,000 tons and averaged about 10,900,000 tons. The minimum annual load of 404,500 tons occurred during the 1984 water year, and the maximum annual load of 30,800,000 tons occurred during the 1968 water year.</p>\n<p>Suspended-sediment load and discharge varied throughout the period of study. A double-mass curve indicated that the relation between discharge and sediment load remained constant.</p>\n<p>The data collected annually during the study were used to develop a regression model. The model was determined to be an accurate predictor of annual suspended-sediment load by using annual discharge as the independent variable.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/wri884216","usgsCitation":"Andrews, F.L., 1989, Monthly and annual suspended-sediment loads in the Brazos River at Richmond, Texas, 1966-86 water years: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4216, iv, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884216.","productDescription":"iv, 20 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122919,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4216/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54693,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4216/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b03e4b07f02db698fba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andrews, Freeman L.","contributorId":91486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"Freeman","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":25960,"text":"wri884222 - 1989 - Evaluation of a watershed model to simulate sediment transport in a small agricultural watershed in Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-09T10:36:58","indexId":"wri884222","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4222","title":"Evaluation of a watershed model to simulate sediment transport in a small agricultural watershed in Indiana","docAbstract":"<p>The streamflow and sediment components of the watershed model, ' Hydrologic Simulation Program-Fortran ', were evaluated using 2 years and 9 months of data from a 2.7-sq mi agricultural watershed in Indiana. Hydrographs of simulated sediment concentration generally have smaller peaks and longer recessions than do hydrographs of measured data. The attenuation of simulated peaks was partly caused by difficulties in designing a representative channel system. Simulated surface runoff during low-intensity rainfall was greater than measured surface runoff; this caused an overestimation of sediment concentration and discharge. Rainfalls of low intensity were mostly absorbed by the soil, but the model predicted that the amount of surface runoff from such storms would be large. The overly large volume of simulated surface runoff transported more sediment than actually occurred. The mean absolute error of mean sediment concentrations during storms is 45% of the measured average concentration. The error resulted from a combination of error in recording streamflow and rainfall, in simulating streamflows, and in simulating sedimentation processes. The largest percent errors are associated with simulated maximum streamflows and average sediment discharges. The root-mean-square errors are 93 and 102% of the measured maximum streamflow and average sediment discharges. 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,{"id":19706,"text":"ofr89247 - 1989 - Streamflow and water-quality data for Little Clearfield Creek basin, Clearfield County, Pennsylvania, December 1987 - November 1988","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-22T10:54:58","indexId":"ofr89247","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-247","title":"Streamflow and water-quality data for Little Clearfield Creek basin, Clearfield County, Pennsylvania, December 1987 - November 1988","docAbstract":"Streamflow and water quality data were collected throughout the Little Clearfield Creek basin, Clearfield County, Pennsylvania, from December 1987 through November 1988, to determine the existing quality of surface water over a range of hydrologic conditions. This data will assist the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources during its review of coal mine permit applications. A water quality station near the mouth of Little Clearfield Creek provided continuous record of stream stage, pH, specific conductance, and water temperature. Monthly water quality samples collected at this station were analyzed for total and dissolved metals, nutrients, major cations, and suspended sediment concentrations. Seventeen partial record sites, located throughout the basin, were similarly sampled four times during the study. Streamflow and water quality data obtained at these sites during a winter base flow, a spring storm event, a low summer base flow, and a more moderate summer base flow also are presented. (Author 's abstract)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr89247","usgsCitation":"Kostelnik, K.M., and Durlin, R., 1989, Streamflow and water-quality data for Little Clearfield Creek basin, Clearfield County, Pennsylvania, December 1987 - November 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-247, vi, 30 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr89247.","productDescription":"vi, 30 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":153870,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0247/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":49184,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0247/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4e86","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kostelnik, K. M.","contributorId":34951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kostelnik","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Durlin, R.R.","contributorId":67116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durlin","given":"R.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":49098,"text":"ofr89310B - 1989 - ISOEDIT : a program for interactive editing of seismic reflection velocity models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-15T08:42:53","indexId":"ofr89310B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-310","chapter":"B","title":"ISOEDIT : a program for interactive editing of seismic reflection velocity models","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr89310B","collaboration":"The USGS does not support this software or technical questions for   the software associated with the publication.","usgsCitation":"Zihlman, F.N., 1989, ISOEDIT : a program for interactive editing of seismic reflection velocity models: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-310, 1 computer disk ; 5 1/4 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr89310B.","productDescription":"1 computer disk ; 5 1/4 in.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":172018,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267508,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0310b/application.zip"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb905","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zihlman, Frederick N.","contributorId":107357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zihlman","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":239030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":49097,"text":"ofr89310A - 1989 - ISOEDIT : a program for interactive editing of seismic reflection velocity models computer file, Part A","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:23","indexId":"ofr89310A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-310","chapter":"A","title":"ISOEDIT : a program for interactive editing of seismic reflection velocity models computer file, Part A","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr89310A","usgsCitation":"Zihlman, F.N., 1989, ISOEDIT : a program for interactive editing of seismic reflection velocity models computer file, Part A: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-310, 1 computer disk ; 5 1/4 in. + 1 text (ii, 34, [3] leaves : ill. ; 28 cm.), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr89310A.","productDescription":"1 computer disk ; 5 1/4 in. + 1 text (ii, 34, [3] leaves : ill. ; 28 cm.)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":169554,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0310a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":85921,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0310a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb975","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zihlman, Frederick N.","contributorId":107357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zihlman","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":239029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":49078,"text":"ofr891B - 1989 - FASPUE English version : analytic petroleum resource appraisal microcomputer programs for play analysis using a reservoir-engineering model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-15T08:33:59","indexId":"ofr891B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-1","chapter":"B","title":"FASPUE English version : analytic petroleum resource appraisal microcomputer programs for play analysis using a reservoir-engineering model","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr891B","collaboration":"The USGS does not support this software or technical questions for the software associated with the publication.","usgsCitation":"Crovelli, R.A., and Balay, R.H., 1989, FASPUE English version : analytic petroleum resource appraisal microcomputer programs for play analysis using a reservoir-engineering model: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-1, One 5 1/4 inch diskette, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr891B.","productDescription":"One 5 1/4 inch diskette","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":170374,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267495,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0001b/application.zip"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a06e4b07f02db5f8957","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crovelli, Robert A.","contributorId":92242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crovelli","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":238973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Balay, Richard H.","contributorId":10048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balay","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":238972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":52680,"text":"b1857G - 1989 - Gold in placer deposits","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":52680,"text":"b1857G - 1989 - Gold in placer deposits","indexId":"b1857G","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"chapter":"G","title":"Gold in placer deposits"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33277,"text":"b1857 - 1988 - Geology and resources of gold in the United States","indexId":"b1857","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and resources of gold in the United States"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":33277,"text":"b1857 - 1988 - Geology and resources of gold in the United States","indexId":"b1857","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and resources of gold in the United States"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-09T09:55:58","indexId":"b1857G","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1857","chapter":"G","title":"Gold in placer deposits","docAbstract":"<p>Man most likely first obtained gold from placer deposits, more than 6,000 years ago. Placers account for more than two-thirds of the total world gold supply, and roughly half of that mined in the States of California, Alaska, Montana, and Idaho.<br></p><p>Placer deposits result from weathering and release of gold from lode deposits, transportation of the gold, and concentration of the gold dominantly in stream gravels. Unless preserved by burial, a placer subsequently may be eroded, and either dispersed or reconcentrated.<br></p><p>California has produced more than 40 million troy ounces of gold from placers, both modern and fossil (Tertiary). The source of the great bulk of the gold is numerous quartz veins and mineralized zones of the Mother Lode and related systems in the western Sierra Nevada region. The gold-bearing lodes were emplaced in Carboniferous and Jurassic metamorphic rocks intruded by small bodies of Jurassic and Cretaceous igneous rocks. Mineralization occurred probably in Late Cretaceous time. Significant amounts of placer gold also were mined along the Salmon and Trinity Rivers in northern California. Source of the gold is lode deposits in Paleozoic and Mesozoic metamorphic rocks that were intruded by Mesozoic igneous rocks.<br></p><p>Alaska has produced roughly 21 million ounces of gold from placer deposits. Most (about 13 million ounces) has come from the interior region, including 7,600,000 ounces from the Fairbanks district and 1,300,000 ounces from the Iditarod district. Lode sources are believed to be mostly quartz veins in Precambrian or Paleozoic metamorphic rocks intruded by small igneous bodies near Fairbanks, and shear zones in Tertiary(?) quartz monzonite stocks at Iditarod. The Seward Peninsula has produced more than 6 million ounces of placer gold, including about 4,000,000 ounces from the Nome district. Most of the gold was derived from raised beach deposits. Source of the gold probably is Tertiary-mineralized faults and joints in metamorphic rocks of late Precambrian age.<br></p><p>The Helena-Last Chance district, Montana, produced nearly 1 million ounces of gold from placers that were derived from lode deposits in the contact zones of the Cretaceous Boulder batholith granitic rocks intruded into upper Precambrian, Paleozoic, and Mesozoic sedimentary rocks. The Virginia City-Alder Gulch district, Montana, produced more than 2,600,000 ounces of gold, nearly all from placer deposits derived from quartz veins of uncertain age in Archean gneisses and schists. The Boise basin district, Idaho, produced about 2,300,000 ounces of gold, mostly derived from quartz veins in quartz monzonite of the Cretaceous Idaho batholith.</p>","largerWorkTitle":"Geology and resources of gold in the United States","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/b1857G","usgsCitation":"Yeend, W., Shawe, D., and Wier, K.L., 1989, Gold in placer deposits: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1857, iv, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b1857G.","productDescription":"iv, 19 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":340393,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1857g/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":174702,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1857g/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska, California, Idaho, Montana","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": 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Warren","contributorId":91559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yeend","given":"Warren","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":245786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shawe, Daniel R.","contributorId":91448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shawe","given":"Daniel R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":245785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wier, Kenneth L.","contributorId":50212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wier","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":245784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":49119,"text":"ofr89557M - 1989 - Program SEISRISK III adapted to personal computers computer file, Part M - ASCII format, DOS executable module","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-15T08:59:04","indexId":"ofr89557M","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-557","chapter":"M","title":"Program SEISRISK III adapted to personal computers computer file, Part M - ASCII format, DOS executable module","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr89557M","collaboration":"The USGS does not support this software or technical questions for the software associated with the publication.","usgsCitation":"Arnold, E., 1989, Program SEISRISK III adapted to personal computers computer file, Part M - ASCII format, DOS executable module: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-557, One 3 1/2 inch diskette, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr89557M.","productDescription":"One 3 1/2 inch diskette","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":172251,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267528,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0557m/application.zip"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65e159","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arnold, E.P.","contributorId":18814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arnold","given":"E.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":239065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":20909,"text":"ofr89414 - 1989 - Mass-conserving method of characteristics for streamflow modeling","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":20909,"text":"ofr89414 - 1989 - Mass-conserving method of characteristics for streamflow modeling","indexId":"ofr89414","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"title":"Mass-conserving method of characteristics for streamflow modeling"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2684,"text":"wsp2369 - 1992 - Mass-conserving method of characteristics for streamflow modeling","indexId":"wsp2369","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"title":"Mass-conserving method of characteristics for streamflow modeling"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":2684,"text":"wsp2369 - 1992 - Mass-conserving method of characteristics for streamflow modeling","indexId":"wsp2369","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"title":"Mass-conserving method of characteristics for streamflow modeling"},"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-05T08:56:00","indexId":"ofr89414","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-414","title":"Mass-conserving method of characteristics for streamflow modeling","docAbstract":"<p>A robust numerical model is presented for the computation of unsteady streamflow on steep river slopes. The one-dimensional model uses the method of characteristics on a specified space-time grid to solve the Saint-Venant equations. An additional continuity equation requirement on each space-time element provides greatly improved conservation of mass over traditional implementations of the method of characteristics on a fixed grid. The space-time geometry of the problem is described in a finite element setting. Hermite interpolation of channel parameters is used to avoid numerical difficulties that may occur with steep slopes due to discontinuities in the derivatives of data such as channel top width. Manning's equation for friction slope can be modified by a factor to make the slope more appropriate for steep rivers. The standard Manning's friction slope can also be used, if preferred. The computer model is not restricted to steep slopes, and applies as well to gently sloping streams. Two numerical examples support the mathematical approach and computational algorithm. (USGS)</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr89414","usgsCitation":"Sikonia, W., 1989, Mass-conserving method of characteristics for streamflow modeling: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-414, x, 75 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr89414.","productDescription":"x, 75 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":369953,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0414/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":153585,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0414/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60fe02","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sikonia, W. G.","contributorId":23946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sikonia","given":"W. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27171,"text":"wri894017 - 1989 - Geohydrology of the Foothill ground-water basin near Santa Barbara, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:26","indexId":"wri894017","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4017","title":"Geohydrology of the Foothill ground-water basin near Santa Barbara, California","docAbstract":"Geohydrologic data presented in this report indicate that the East Subbasin of the Goleta groundwater basin and Storage Unit II of the Santa Barbara groundwater basin should be considered as a separate groundwater basin, which is referred to as the Foothill groundwater basin in this report. The 4.5 sq-mi Foothill groundwater basin is bordered on the north and northeast by the Santa Ynez Mountains and on three sides by faults that impede groundwater flow. Sedimentary rocks of Tertiary age underlie the groundwater basin and form its lower boundary. Unconsolidated deposits of the Santa Barbara Formation (Pliocene and Pleistocene age) form the principal aquifer of the basin. Where a zone of low permeability separates it from overlying Quaternary alluvium, the aquifer is confined. In the early 1950's, groundwater levels declined more than 60 ft during periods of heavy pumping. From the mid-1950 's to the late 1970 's, groundwater levels generally rose. Water levels during 1984-87 generally declined. Nitrate concentrations in samples from two wells exceeded the primary maximum contaminant level established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Secondary maximum contaminant levels for dissolved solids, chloride, and sulfate also were exceeded in some samples. A three-dimensional finite-difference model was developed for part of Foothill groundwater basin. Steady-state verification and transient-state model calibrations were used to estimate or confirm estimates of basin recharge and natural discharge. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S. Geological Survey, Books and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri894017","usgsCitation":"Freckleton, J.R., 1989, Geohydrology of the Foothill ground-water basin near Santa Barbara, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4017, v, 46 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894017.","productDescription":"v, 46 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119059,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4017/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56045,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4017/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a898a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Freckleton, J. R.","contributorId":93498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freckleton","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2333,"text":"wsp2338 - 1989 - Estimation of the recharge area contributing water to a pumped well in a glacial-drift, river-valley aquifer","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":15073,"text":"ofr86543 - 1987 - Estimation of the recharge area contributing water to a pumped well in a glacial-drift, river-valley aquifer","indexId":"ofr86543","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"title":"Estimation of the recharge area contributing water to a pumped well in a glacial-drift, river-valley aquifer"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2333,"text":"wsp2338 - 1989 - Estimation of the recharge area contributing water to a pumped well in a glacial-drift, river-valley aquifer","indexId":"wsp2338","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"title":"Estimation of the recharge area contributing water to a pumped well in a glacial-drift, river-valley aquifer"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:22","indexId":"wsp2338","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2338","title":"Estimation of the recharge area contributing water to a pumped well in a glacial-drift, river-valley aquifer","docAbstract":"The highly permeable, unconfined, glacial-drift aquifers that occupy most New England river valleys constitute the principal source of drinking water for many of the communities that obtain part or all of their public water supply from ground water. Recent events have shown that these aquifers are highly susceptible to contamination that results from a number of sources, such as seepage from wastewater lagoons, leaking \r\npetroleum-product storage tanks, and road salting. \r\n\r\nTo protect the quality of water pumped from supply wells in these aquifers, it is necessary to ensure that potentially harmful contaminants do not enter the ground in the area that contributes water to the well. A high degree of protection can be achieved through the application of appropriate land-use controls within the contributing area. However, the contributing areas for most supply wells are not known. \r\n\r\nThis report describes the factors that affect the size and shape of contributing areas to public supply wells and evaluates several methods that may be used to delineate contributing areas of wells in glacial-drift, river-valley aquifers. Analytical, two-dimensional numerical, and three-dimensional numerical models were used to delineate contributing areas. These methods of analysis were compared by applying them to a hypothetical aquifer having the dimensions and geometry of a typical glacial-drift, river-valley aquifer. In the model analyses, factors that control the size and shape of a contributing area were varied over ranges of values common to glacial-drift aquifers in New England. The controlling factors include the rate of well discharge, rate of recharge to the aquifer from precipitation and from adjacent till and bedrock uplands, distance of a pumping well from a stream or other potential source of induced recharge, degree of hydraulic connection of the aquifer with a stream, horizontal hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer, ratio of horizontal to vertical hydraulic conductivity, and degree of well penetration. \r\n\r\nAnalytical methods proved easiest to apply but gave results that are considered to be less accurate than those obtainable by means of numerical-model analysis. Numerical models have the capability to more closely reflect the variable geohydrologic conditions typical of glacial-drift valley aquifers. For average conditions in the hypothetical aquifer, the analytical method predicts a contributing area limited to the well side of the river because a constant-head boundary simulated by image wells is used in the analytical model. For typical glacial-drift, river-valley aquifers, this simulation is unrealistic because drawdowns, caused by a pumping well, and the contributing area of the well can extend beneath and beyond a river or stream. \r\n\r\nA wide range of hydrologic conditions was simulated by using the two-dimensional numerical model. The resulting contributing area for a well pumped at 1.0 million gallons per day--a common pumping rate--ranged from about 0.9 to 1.8 square miles. Model analyses also show that the contributing area of pumped wells may be expected to extend to the opposite side of the river and to include significant areas of till uplands adjacent to the aquifer on both sides of the valley. \r\n\r\nSimulations done with the three-dimensional model allow a full three-dimensional delineation of the zone of contribution for a pumped well. For the relatively thin (100 feet or less) unconfined aquifers considered in this analysis, the three-dimensional model showed that the zone of contribution extended throughout the entire saturated thickness of aquifer; therefore, the two-dimensional simulations were considered adequate for delineating contributing areas in this particular hydrologic setting. For thicker aquifers, especially those having partially penetrating wells, three-dimensional models are preferable. \r\n\r\nValues for several of the factors that affect the size and shape of contributing recharge areas cannot be det","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O. ;\r\nFor sale by the Books and Open-File Reports Section, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2338","usgsCitation":"Morrissey, D.J., 1989, Estimation of the recharge area contributing water to a pumped well in a glacial-drift, river-valley aquifer: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2338, v, 41 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2338.","productDescription":"v, 41 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138464,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2338/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28194,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2338/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb1f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morrissey, Daniel J.","contributorId":89875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrissey","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}