Sampling to determine suspended-sediment concentrations at the Brazos River at Richmond, Texas, began in January 1966 and ended in September 1986. Depth-integrated samples were collected during all flow conditions. The records for this station are considered good.
\nThe mean monthly suspended-sediment loads in the Brazos River at Richmond ranged from 2,500 to 91,000 tons during the period of record. The annual suspended-sediment load ranged from 404,500 to 30,800,000 tons and averaged about 10,900,000 tons. The minimum annual load of 404,500 tons occurred during the 1984 water year, and the maximum annual load of 30,800,000 tons occurred during the 1968 water year.
\nSuspended-sediment load and discharge varied throughout the period of study. A double-mass curve indicated that the relation between discharge and sediment load remained constant.
\nThe data collected annually during the study were used to develop a regression model. The model was determined to be an accurate predictor of annual suspended-sediment load by using annual discharge as the independent variable.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/wri884216","usgsCitation":"Andrews, F.L., 1989, Monthly and annual suspended-sediment loads in the Brazos River at Richmond, Texas, 1966-86 water years: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4216, iv, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884216.","productDescription":"iv, 20 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122919,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4216/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54693,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4216/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b03e4b07f02db698fba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andrews, Freeman L.","contributorId":91486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"Freeman","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":17633,"text":"ofr88318 - 1989 - Results of hydrologic research at a low-level radioactive-waste disposal site near Sheffield, Illinois","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":17633,"text":"ofr88318 - 1989 - Results of hydrologic research at a low-level radioactive-waste disposal site near Sheffield, Illinois","indexId":"ofr88318","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"title":"Results of hydrologic research at a low-level radioactive-waste disposal site near Sheffield, Illinois"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2635,"text":"wsp2367 - 1991 - Results of hydrologic research at a low-level radioactive-waste disposal site near Sheffield, Illinois","indexId":"wsp2367","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"title":"Results of hydrologic research at a low-level radioactive-waste disposal site near Sheffield, Illinois"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":2635,"text":"wsp2367 - 1991 - Results of hydrologic research at a low-level radioactive-waste disposal site near Sheffield, Illinois","indexId":"wsp2367","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"title":"Results of hydrologic research at a low-level radioactive-waste disposal site near Sheffield, Illinois"},"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-05T19:30:36.120435","indexId":"ofr88318","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-318","title":"Results of hydrologic research at a low-level radioactive-waste disposal site near Sheffield, Illinois","docAbstract":"Ten years of hydrologic research have been conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey at a commercial low-level radioactive-waste disposal site near Sheffield, Illinois. Research included studies of microclimate, evapotranspiration, and tritium release by plants; runoff and land modification; water movement through a trench cover; water and tritium movement in the unsaturated zone; gases in the unsaturated zone; water and tritium movement in the saturated zone; and water chemistry. Implications specific to each research topic and those based on overlapping research topics are summarized as to their potential effect on the selection, characterization, design, operation, and decommissioning processes of future low-level radioactive-waste disposal sites.
Unconsolidated deposits at the site are diverse in lithologic character and are spatially and stratigraphically complex. Thickness of these Quaternary deposits ranges from 3 to 27 meters and averages 17 meters. The unconsolidated deposits overlay 140 meters of Pennsylvanian shale, mudstone, siltstone, and coal.
Approximately 90,500 cubic meters of waste were buried from August 1967 through August 1978, in 21 trenches that were constructed in glacial materials by using a cut-and-fill process. Trenches generally were constructed below grade and ranged from 11 to 180 meters long, 2.4 to 21 meters wide, and 2.4 to about 7.9 meters deep.
Research on microclimate and evapotranspiration at the site was conducted from July 1982 through June 1984. Continuous measurements were made of precipitation, incoming and reflected solar (shortwave) radiation, incoming and emitted terrestrial (longwave) radiation, horizontal windspeed and direction, wet- and dry-bulb air temperature, barometric pressure, soil-heat fluxes, and soil temperature. Soil-moisture content, for this research phase, was measured approximately biweekly. Evapotranspiration rates were estimated by using three techniques--energy budget, aerodynamic profile, and water budget. Although monthly totals for each method differed, estimated annual evapotranspiration averages ranged from 630 to 693 millimeters or about 70 percent of precipitation.
Tritium concentrations in leaf water from on-site plants were determined for 125 vegetation samples collected during the summers of 1982 through 1986. Concentrations varied significantly among some locations and plant types. Tritium concentrations ranged from the detection limit of 0 .2 to 1,330 nanocuries per liter, with alfalfa (Medicago sativa) having the highest concentrations, followed by brome grass (Bromus inermis), and then red clover (Trifoleum pratense); these variations in concentration are most likely a result of root depth.
Runoff and sediment transport were measured from July 1982 through December 1985 in four basins--three comprising almost two-thirds of the 8.1-hectare site and one comprising a 1.4-hectare undisturbed area. Volumes and equivalent weights of collapses were estimated from records of site surficial conditions from October 1978 through December 1985. Runoff showed a direct relation to degree of land modification; lowest mean yields were measured at the undisturbed area, and highest mean yields were measured from the basin composed wholly of trench and intertrench areas. Sediment yield measured onsite averaged 3.4 megagrams per hectare. A total of 315 collapse cavities, corresponding to a cumulative volume of about 500 cubic meters, were documented. Most collapses were recorded after periods of rainfall or snowmelt when soil moisture was near maximum. Almost two-thirds of the collapses, corresponding to 63 percent of the cumulative cavity volume, occurred during February through April.
Data for the study of water movement through a trench cover were collected from July 1982 through June 1934. Pressure-head data were collected at four different clusters at depths ranging from 50 to 1,850 millimeters within a selected trench cover. Soil-moisture content for this research phase was measured weekly with a gamma-attenuation moisture probe. The amount of water stored within the trench cover fluctuated in an annual cycle. Moisture contents were greatest in late March or early April, decreased steadily from late spring through the summer, reached a minimum in late August or early September, and then increased gradually from midfall through the winter. Depths of wetting-front movements were a function of initial soil-moisture content and total storm precipitation. Seepage to the trench was estimated by use of four different methods: the Darcy method, the zero-flux phase method, the surface-based water-budget method, and the ground-water based water-budget method. Estimates by the different methods differed considerably.
Investigation of the unsaturated zone at the site began in 1981 and is ongoing (1987). Water movement was measured along a generalized vertical section through four trenches. A 120-meter-long, 2-meter-diameter horizontal tunnel provided access below the trenches. The timing of water movement varied temporally and spatially. Vertical flow was inhibited at interfaces between lithologic units of contrasting hydraulic conductivities. Data also indicate that water movement through the sand of the Toulon Member of the Glasford Formation occurs along localized partially saturated to saturated flow paths. Average velocities of water movement through the extent of the unsaturated zone, as estimated by a saturation-tracking method, ranged from 0.04 to 0.34 meter per day.
Tritium concentrations in the unsaturated zone varied spatially reflecting the heterogeneity of wastes in the overlying trenches and local hydrogeologic conditions. Tritium concentrations at all lysimeter locations increased with time; however, the increases usually were of small magnitude. Tritium concentrations increased abruptly, from five to nine times previous concentrations, at only 3 of 14 locations.
Gas samples were collected from a network of soil-gas piezometers located in the undisturbed unsaturated zone near a waste trench at approximately 70-day intervals during 1984-86. Relative proportions of nitrogen, oxygen plus argon, carbon dioxide, methane, ethane, propane, butane, tritiated water vapor, carbon dioxide, and 222radon were converted to partial pressures, based on a mean atmospheric pressure of 98.6 kilopascals. Methane and 14 carbon dioxide were identified as originating in the waste and having mean partial pressures that generally decreased with horizontal distance from the trench and with vertical distance to the land surface. Partial-pressure gradients for other radioactive gases were not detected in the gas sampling network; definable gradients may occur much nearer to the waste source.
Ground-water flow has been studied at the site since 1976. The spatial, stratigraphic, and lithologic complexity of the unconsolidated deposits that compose the shallow aquifer result in the free water surface intersecting nine different lithologic units at the site. Saturated hydraulic conductivities of these units range from about 4x10-12 to 8x10-6 centimeters per second. Three ground-water basins were defined within the shallow aquifer, with flow generally from west to east. Ground-water velocities are highly variable. A tracer test conducted in a pebbly-sand unit resulted in velocities in the range of 640 to 770 meters per year. Estimated velocities for the other units ranged from 2 to 490 meters per year.
Tritium was detected in observation wells on-site in 1976 and off-site in 1982. Concentrations ranged from the analytical detection limit of 0.2 to over 300 nanocuries per liter. Seasonal variations in tritium concentrations were observed in most wells, and dilution caused by infiltrating rainfall was observed.
Water-chemistry research included the collection and analysis of precipitation, geologic materials, and unsaturated- and saturated-zone water, both on-site and off-site, and in all geologic units, during 1978 to 1984. Precipitation was a calcium-zinc-sulfate type water. Calcium and bicarbonate were the most abundant cation and anion, respectively, in the geologic materials. Mean dissolved organic carbon and tritium concentrations (45 milligrams per liter and 290 nanocuries per liter, respectively) were greater in samples from six lysimeters located directly below waste trenches and one located within a trench, than in samples from all other lysimeters (8.4 milligrams per liter and 17 nanocuries per liter, respectively). Water in the saturated zone was generally a magnesium-bicarbonate type. Tritium was the only radionuclide detected in the saturated zone.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr88318","usgsCitation":"1989, Results of hydrologic research at a low-level radioactive-waste disposal site near Sheffield, Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-318, x, 114 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr88318.","productDescription":"x, 114 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":149804,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0318/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":384153,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0318/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","city":"Sheffield","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.76242065429688,\n 41.33660710626423\n ],\n [\n -89.67727661132811,\n 41.33660710626423\n ],\n [\n -89.67727661132811,\n 41.3675335097313\n ],\n [\n -89.76242065429688,\n 41.3675335097313\n ],\n [\n -89.76242065429688,\n 41.33660710626423\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abde4b07f02db673fe8","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Ryan, Barbara J.","contributorId":53397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"Barbara J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749494,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26413,"text":"wri884214 - 1989 - Calibration and use of an interactive-accounting model to simulate dissolved solids, streamflow, and water-supply operations in the Arkansas River basin, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:33","indexId":"wri884214","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4214","title":"Calibration and use of an interactive-accounting model to simulate dissolved solids, streamflow, and water-supply operations in the Arkansas River basin, Colorado","docAbstract":"An interactive-accounting model was used to simulate dissolved solids, streamflow, and water supply operations in the Arkansas River basin, Colorado. Model calibration of specific conductance to streamflow relations at three sites enabled computation of dissolved-solids loads throughout the basin. To simulate streamflow only, all water supply operations were incorporated in the regression relations for streamflow. Calibration for 1940-85 resulted in coefficients of determination that ranged from 0.89 to 0.58, and values in excess of 0.80 were determined for 16 of 20 nodes. The model then incorporated 74 water users and 11 reservoirs to simulate the water supply operations for two periods, 1943-74 and 1975-85. For the 1943-74 calibration, coefficients of determination for streamflow ranged from 0.87 to 0.02. Calibration of the water supply operations resulted in coefficients of determination that ranged from 0.87 to negative for simulated irrigation diversions of 37 selected water users. Calibration for 1975-85 was not evaluated statistically, but average values and plots of reservoir contents indicated reasonableness of the simulation. To demonstrate the utility of the model, six specific alternatives were simulated to consider effects of potential enlargement of Pueblo Reservoir. Three general major alternatives were simulated: the 1975-85 calibrated model data, the calibrated model data with an addition of 30 cu ft/sec in Fountain Creek flows, and the calibrated model data plus additional municipal water in storage. These three major alternatives considered the options of reservoir enlargement or no enlargement. A 40,000-acre-foot reservoir enlargement resulted in average increases of 2,500 acre-ft in transmountain diversions, of 800 acre-ft in storage diversions, and of 100 acre-ft in winter-water storage. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri884214","usgsCitation":"Burns, A., 1989, Calibration and use of an interactive-accounting model to simulate dissolved solids, streamflow, and water-supply operations in the Arkansas River basin, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4214, v, 116 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884214.","productDescription":"v, 116 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123518,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4214/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55208,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4214/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db6892ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burns, A.W.","contributorId":65498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"A.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26898,"text":"wri894100 - 1989 - Geohydrology, simulation of ground-water flow, and ground-water quality at two landfills, Marion County, Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-16T08:14:13","indexId":"wri894100","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4100","title":"Geohydrology, simulation of ground-water flow, and ground-water quality at two landfills, Marion County, Indiana","docAbstract":"Geologic, hydrologic, and water-quality data were collected at the Julietta and Tibbs-Banta landfills in Marion County. Both landfills were closed in the mid-1970's, and sewage sludge mixed with dirt was spread on the landfills in the mid-1980's as part of a revegetation project.
\nThe landfills were constructed in unconsolidated glacial sediments that consist of sand, gravel, silt, and clay. The maximum thickness of the sediments is 180 feet at Julietta and 100 feet at Tibbs-Banta. Both landfills are underlain by sand and gravel aquifers and are adjacent to gaining streams. Ground water flows toward and into the streams at each study area. Two sand and gravel aquifers were mapped at Julietta and four were mapped at TibbsBanta. The aquifers are separated in places by discontinuous clay layers.
\nGround-water-flow models, calibrated to simulate steady-state low-flow conditions, indicate that about 19,000 gallons of water per day move through the refuse at Julietta and 42,000 gallons per day move through the refuse at Tibbs-Banta. The Julietta model also indicates that recharge through the surface of the landfill is less than in the surrounding natural areas, probably because of the addition and compaction of the sludge/soil mixture.
\nConcentrations of dissolved inorganic substances in ground-water samples indicate that leachate from both landfills is reaching the shallow aquifers. The effect on deeper aquifers is small because of the predominance of horizontal ground-water flow and discharge to the streams. Increases in almost all dissolved constituents were observed in shallow wells that are screened beneath and downgradient from the landfills. Several analyses, especially those for bromide, dissolved solids, and ammonia, were useful in delineating the plume of leachate at both landfills.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Indianapolis, IN","doi":"10.3133/wri894100","collaboration":"City of Indianapolis, Department of Public Works","usgsCitation":"Duwelius, R., and Greeman, T., 1989, Geohydrology, simulation of ground-water flow, and ground-water quality at two landfills, Marion County, Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4100, viii, 135 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894100.","productDescription":"viii, 135 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","startPage":"1","endPage":"135","numberOfPages":"143","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121864,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4100/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55779,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4100/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","county":"Marion","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-85.9369,39.9272],[-85.9379,39.87],[-85.9541,39.8696],[-85.9518,39.6969],[-85.9523,39.638],[-86.248,39.6335],[-86.3268,39.6318],[-86.3281,39.8526],[-86.328,39.8662],[-86.325,39.8662],[-86.3267,39.9238],[-86.2967,39.9246],[-86.2757,39.925],[-86.2385,39.9259],[-85.9801,39.9269],[-85.9411,39.9272],[-85.9369,39.9272]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Marion\",\"state\":\"IN\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8763","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duwelius, R.F.","contributorId":28250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duwelius","given":"R.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Greeman, T. K.","contributorId":58275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greeman","given":"T. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":26105,"text":"wri884199 - 1989 - Simulated effects of future withdrawals on water levels in the northeastern coastal plain aquifers of New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:31","indexId":"wri884199","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4199","title":"Simulated effects of future withdrawals on water levels in the northeastern coastal plain aquifers of New Jersey","docAbstract":"In the northeastern Coastal Plain of New Jersey, groundwater withdrawals have produced large cones of depression in all four major regional aquifers. Prior to development, water levels in the four aquifers were 20 to 120 ft above sea level and natural groundwater flow was towards Raritan Bay. In 1983, when total withdrawals exceeded 90 million gal/day, water levels were as low as 185 ft below sea level in the Wenonah-Mount Laurel aquifer, 225 ft below sea leval in the Englishtown aquifer system and 52 and 82 ft below sea level in the upper and middle aquifers of the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system, respectively. With development, the natural direction of groundwater flow has been reversed, resulting in the movement of saltwater into parts of the upper and middle aquifers of the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system. An 11-layer finite-difference model of the entire New Jersey Coastal Plain was used to simulate the effects of six scenarios of future groundwater withdrawals on water levels in the northeastern Coastal Plain of New Jersey through the year 2020. In the simulation with the most severe reduction, most of the groundwater withdrawals in the northeastern and west-central areas of the Coastal Plain were limited to 50% of 1983 withdrawals after 1990. Even with such restrictions, the lowest simulated water levels in the northeastern part of the Coastal Plain for 2010 are still well below sea level. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri884199","usgsCitation":"Battaglin, W., and Hill, M.C., 1989, Simulated effects of future withdrawals on water levels in the northeastern coastal plain aquifers of New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4199, vi, 58 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884199.","productDescription":"vi, 58 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158091,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4199/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54896,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4199/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54897,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4199/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54898,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4199/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54899,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4199/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54900,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4199/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54901,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4199/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ce4b07f02db613c1c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Battaglin, W.A.","contributorId":16376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglin","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hill, M. C.","contributorId":48993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":29012,"text":"wri884071 - 1989 - Simulation of streamflow in small drainage basins in the southern Yampa River basin, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-16T21:38:16.366533","indexId":"wri884071","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4071","title":"Simulation of streamflow in small drainage basins in the southern Yampa River basin, Colorado","docAbstract":"Coal mining operations in northwestern Colorado commonly are located in areas that have minimal available water-resource information. Drainage-basin models can be a method for extending water-resource information to include periods for which there are no records or to transfer the information to areas that have no streamflow-gaging stations. To evaluate the magnitude and variability of the components of the water balance in the small drainage basins monitored, and to provide some method for transfer of hydrologic data, the U.S. Geological Survey 's Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System was used for small drainage basins in the southern Yampa River basin to simulate daily mean streamflow using daily precipitation and air-temperature data. The study area was divided into three hydrologic regions, and in each of these regions, three drainage basins were monitored. Two of the drainage basins in each region were used to calibrate the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System. The model was not calibrated for the third drainage basin in each region; instead, parameter values were transferred from the model that was calibrated for the two drainage basins. For all of the drainage basins except one, period of record used for calibration and verification included water years 1976-81. Simulated annual volumes of streamflow for drainage basins used in calibration compared well with observed values; individual hydrographs indicated timing differences between the observed and simulated daily mean streamflow. Observed and simulated annual average streamflows compared well for the periods of record, but values of simulated high and low streamflows were different than observed values. Similar results were obtained when calibrated model parameter values were transferred to drainage basins that were uncalibrated. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri884071","usgsCitation":"Parker, R.S., and Norris, J.M., 1989, Simulation of streamflow in small drainage basins in the southern Yampa River basin, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4071, v, 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884071.","productDescription":"v, 47 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":406892,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46991.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":57878,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4071/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159499,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4071/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Yampa River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108,\n 40.1\n ],\n [\n -106.8333,\n 40.1\n ],\n [\n -106.8333,\n 40.5\n ],\n [\n -108,\n 40.5\n ],\n [\n -108,\n 40.1\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49ffe4b07f02db5f78f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parker, R. S.","contributorId":104510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Norris, J. M.","contributorId":87953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norris","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":36331,"text":"b1821 - 1989 - Chemical data for flows and feeder dikes of the Yakima Basalt Subgroup, Columbia River Basalt Group, Washington, Oregon, and Idaho, and their bearing on a petrogenetic model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-27T21:32:16.830124","indexId":"b1821","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1821","title":"Chemical data for flows and feeder dikes of the Yakima Basalt Subgroup, Columbia River Basalt Group, Washington, Oregon, and Idaho, and their bearing on a petrogenetic model","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b1821","usgsCitation":"Wright, T., Mangan, M.T., and Swanson, D., 1989, Chemical data for flows and feeder dikes of the Yakima Basalt Subgroup, Columbia River Basalt Group, Washington, Oregon, and Idaho, and their bearing on a petrogenetic model: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1821, iv, 71 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b1821.","productDescription":"iv, 71 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":407492,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_21959.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":64278,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1821/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":166090,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1821/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River Basalt Group, Yakima Basalt Subgroup","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124,\n 44\n ],\n [\n -116,\n 44\n ],\n [\n -116,\n 48\n ],\n [\n -124,\n 48\n ],\n [\n -124,\n 44\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e0e4b07f02db5e3ea2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wright, Thomas L. twright@usgs.gov","contributorId":3890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Thomas L.","email":"twright@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":216148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mangan, Margaret T. 0000-0002-5273-8053 mmangan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5273-8053","contributorId":3343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mangan","given":"Margaret","email":"mmangan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":216147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swanson, Donald A. 0000-0002-1680-3591","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1680-3591","contributorId":22303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"Donald A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":216149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":38531,"text":"pp1370A - 1989 - Studies of geology and hydrology in the Basin and Range Province, Southwestern United States, for isolation of high-level radioactive waste - Basis of characterization and evaluation","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":12310,"text":"ofr84738 - 1985 - Studies of geology and hydrology in the Basin and Range Province, Southwestern United States, for isolation of high-level radioactive waste; basis of characterization and evaluation","indexId":"ofr84738","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"title":"Studies of geology and hydrology in the Basin and Range Province, Southwestern United States, for isolation of high-level radioactive waste; basis of characterization and evaluation"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":38531,"text":"pp1370A - 1989 - Studies of geology and hydrology in the Basin and Range Province, Southwestern United States, for isolation of high-level radioactive waste - Basis of characterization and evaluation","indexId":"pp1370A","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","title":"Studies of geology and hydrology in the Basin and Range Province, Southwestern United States, for isolation of high-level radioactive waste - Basis of characterization and evaluation"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-31T15:48:37","indexId":"pp1370A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1370","chapter":"A","title":"Studies of geology and hydrology in the Basin and Range Province, Southwestern United States, for isolation of high-level radioactive waste - Basis of characterization and evaluation","docAbstract":"The geologic and hydrologic factors in selected regions of the Basin and Range province were examined to identify prospective areas for further study that may provide isolation of high-level radioactive waste from the accessible environment. The six regions selected for study were characterized with respect to the following guidelines: (1) Potential repository media; (2) Quaternary tectonic conditions; (3) climatic change and geomorphic processes; (4) ground-water conditions; (5) ground-water quality; and (6) mineral and energy resources.
The repository medium will function as the first natural barrier to radionuclide travel by virtue of associated slow ground-water velocity. The principal rock types considered as host media include granitic, intermediate, and mafic intrusive rocks; argillaceous rocks; salt and anhydrite; volcanic mudflow (laharic) breccias; some intrusive rhyolitic plugs and stocks; partially zeolitized tuff; and metamorphic rocks. In the unsaturated zone, the permeability and hydrologic properties of the rocks and the hydrologic setting are more important than the rock type. Media ideally should be permeable to provide drainage and should have a minimal water flux
The ground-water flow path from a repository to the accessible environment needs to present major barriers to the transport of radionuclides. Factors considered in evaluating the ground-water conditions include ground-water traveltimes and quality, confining beds, and earth materials favorable for retardation of radionuclides.
Ground-water velocities in the regions were calculated from estimated hydraulic properties of the rocks and gradients. Because site-specific data on hydraulic properties are not available, data from the literature were assembled and synthesized to obtain values for use in estimating ground-water velocities. Hydraulic conductivities for many rock types having granular and fracture permeability follow a log-normal distribution. Porosity for granular and very weathered crystalline rock tends to be normally distributed; porosity of fractured crystalline rock probably follows a log-normal distribution.
The tectonic setting needs to prevent an increase in radionuclides to the accessible environment. Data on historic seismicity and heat flow, Quaternary faults, volcanism, and uplift were used to assess the tectonic conditions. Long-term late Cenozoic rates of vertical crustal movement in the Basin and Range province range from less than 2 meters per 104 years to greater than 20 meters per 104 years. Shortterm rates of vertical movement may be more than an order of magnitude greater, based on geodetic leveling. Changes in tectonic and climatic processes may potentially cause changes in hydrologic conditions and geomorphology that could affect the integrity of a deep, mined repository either adversely or beneficially.
The transition from a full-glacial climate to the current interglacial condition has occurred within the past 15,000 years. Reconstructions of the last full-glacial climate indicate that, at that time, there was greater water availability for runoff and vegetation growth than there is now. Based on the increased water availability and depending on seasonal distribution of precipitation, on soil characteristics, on topography, and on other characteristics, ground-water recharge during the full-glacial climate is estimated to have been possibly 2 to 10 or more times the modern rate. During the full-glacial climate, more than 100 lakes occupied closed basins in the province. Any increase in ground-water recharge and refilling of Pleistocene lakes will tend to decrease the distance of ground-water flow and its time of travel. The unsaturated zone this zone is considered a potential host medium where the thickness is greater than 150 m will be decreased by these changes. In contrast, incision of streams and other geomorphic, tectonic, or climatically induced changes that lower the ground-water discharge level will tend to increase the thickness of the unsaturated zone. Aggradation in basinal troughs may either decrease or increase the thickness of the unsaturated zone. Aggradation in basins that causes the ground-water discharge level to rise will tend to decrease the thickness of unsaturated zone in the adjacent uplands; aggradation in basins where the ground-water discharge level remains the same or is lowered will increase the unsaturated thickness of basin fill.
Records show that, throughout late Cenozoic time in the Basin and Range province, continued vertical crustal movements have tended to maintain mountain ranges and closed basins, whereas aggradation of the basins and erosion of the mountain ranges have tended to decrease the topographic relief. Maximum rates of denudation for small basins in areas climatically similar to the Basin and Range province are about 2 meters per 104 years. For sites unaffected by stream incision and scarp retreat, a conservative estimate of erosion affecting long-term changes in depth of burial would appear to be 2 meters per 104 years, or, equal to the long-term rate of vertical crustal movement where greater than 2 meters per 104 years. The response of the ground-water conditions to climatic and geomorphically induced boundary conditions is significant from the points of: (1) The potential maximum change in the ground-water flow system; (2) the time of response of the ground-water system; and (3) the present state of the ground-water system as a result of past changes. Effects of longterm climatic and tectonic changes on hydrologic and geomorphic conditions differ from area to area, and rates of change of geomorphic and hydrologic conditions may vary significantly. Therefore, sitespecific studies need to be made to assess the long-term integrity of deep, mined repositories.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/pp1370A","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the States of Arizona, California, Idaho, Nevada, New Mexico, Texas, and Utah","usgsCitation":"Bedinger, M.S., Sargent, K.A., Langer, W.H., Sherman, F.B., Reed, J., and Brady, B.T., 1989, Studies of geology and hydrology in the Basin and Range Province, Southwestern United States, for isolation of high-level radioactive waste - Basis of characterization and evaluation: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1370, Report: vi, 41 p.; Plate: 34.00 in. x 32.00 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1370A.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 41 p.; Plate: 34.00 in. x 32.00 in.","startPage":"A1","endPage":"A41","numberOfPages":"48","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":104611,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_4821.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"4821"},{"id":120236,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1370a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":65293,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1370a/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":65294,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1370a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California, Idaho, Nevada, New Mexico, Texas, Utah","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b06e4b07f02db69a24e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bedinger, M. S.","contributorId":65452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bedinger","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sargent, K. A.","contributorId":58630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sargent","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Langer, William H. blanger@usgs.gov","contributorId":1241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langer","given":"William","email":"blanger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":220006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sherman, Frank B.","contributorId":16495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherman","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Reed, J.E.","contributorId":41801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brady, B. T.","contributorId":93047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brady","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":27301,"text":"wri884231 - 1989 - Analysis of water surface and flow distribution for the design flood at a proposed highway crossing of the Sabine River near Tatum, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-10T15:45:08","indexId":"wri884231","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4231","title":"Analysis of water surface and flow distribution for the design flood at a proposed highway crossing of the Sabine River near Tatum, Texas","docAbstract":"The hydraulic effects of the proposed Texas Highway 43 crossing of the Sabine River near Tatum, Texas, were determined on the basis of results from a two-dimensional finite-element surface-water-flow model. In planning the replacement crossing by the Texas State Department of Highways and Public Transportation, approximations of apportionment of flow among the openings and velocities within the openings were of concern. The model was used to simulate flow in the river floodplain system for the proposed design, an alternate design, and for the natural condition. The proposed bridge design by the State Department of Highways and Public Transportation consisted of a 320-foot main channel opening, four left overflow bridges with widths of 120, 320, 320, and 280 feet, and one right overflow opening with a width of 440 feet. The alternate design consisted of a 950-foot main channel opening, three left overflow bridges with widths of 320, 320, and 280 feet, and one right overflow opening with a width of 200 feet. Preliminary one-dimensional computations were used as an aid in establishing the boundary conditions for the two-dimensional analysis.
\nThe analysis evaluates the interaction of complex hydraulic characteristics of varied features found at many multiple-opening highway crossings. Valid applications of accepted standard one-dimensional techniques would not reveal some aspects of the overall hydraulics of the crossing.
\nThe simulation of the proposed design shows, among other things, which openings are the most productive per foot of bridge length. The results of the two-dimensional simulation of the proposed design indicate some differences in the apportionment of flow among the openings when compared to the one-dimensional proposed crossing computations. The alternate design results in computed water-surface altitudes which were slightly lower than those of the proposed design. The alternate design would require less modification to the existing embankment. Velocities computed within the openings and at the bridge abutments, using the two-dimensional model, were within the design specifications of the State Department of Highways and Public Transportation.
\nThe simulations of the proposed and alternate designs indicate a lateral component of the water-surface slope at the embankment. Redistribution of flow across the floodplain also is indicated in both simulations. Some of the differences in the response between the two designs are affected by geometric features of the floodplain other than the embankment-opening geometry.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/wri884231","usgsCitation":"Gilbert, J.J., and Myers, D., 1989, Analysis of water surface and flow distribution for the design flood at a proposed highway crossing of the Sabine River near Tatum, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4231, v, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884231.","productDescription":"v, 36 p.","numberOfPages":"41","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124166,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4231/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56174,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4231/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acee4b07f02db67f55d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gilbert, J. J.","contributorId":12448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilbert","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Myers, D.R.","contributorId":104534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Myers","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":44834,"text":"wri884218 - 1989 - Precipitation, streamflow, and base flow in west-central Texas, December 1974 through March 1977","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-10T15:43:00","indexId":"wri884218","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4218","title":"Precipitation, streamflow, and base flow in west-central Texas, December 1974 through March 1977","docAbstract":"Precipitation, streamflow, and base-flow data were analyzed for December 1974 through March 1977 as a part of the Edwards-Trinity Regional Aquifer-System Analysis in west-central Texas. The period of record analyzed corresponds to the calibrating period of a digital groundwater-flow model of the aquifer system currently (1988) being developed. Precipitation at individual stations ranged from 6 to 45 in/yr. Precipitation normally (1951-80) ranged from 10 to 32 in/year from east to west in the study area. Precipitation was near normal over most of the area and above normal in the southeastern part of the study area. Streamflow ranged from less than 1 in/year in the western part of the study area to 13 in/yr in the southeastern part. Streamflow was 8 in/yr above normal in the southeast. Base flow ranged from less than 0.1 in/yr in the western part of the study area to 6 in/yr in the southeastern part. (USGS)
","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri884218","usgsCitation":"Kuniansky, E.L., 1989, Precipitation, streamflow, and base flow in west-central Texas, December 1974 through March 1977: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4218, 2 Sheets, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884218.","productDescription":"2 Sheets","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":82191,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4218/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":169094,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4218/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aebe3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuniansky, Eve L. 0000-0002-5581-0225 elkunian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5581-0225","contributorId":932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuniansky","given":"Eve","email":"elkunian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5064,"text":"Southeast Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1383,"text":"wsp2293 - 1989 - Evaluation of methods used from 1965 through 1982 to determine inorganic constituents in water samples","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:13","indexId":"wsp2293","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2293","title":"Evaluation of methods used from 1965 through 1982 to determine inorganic constituents in water samples","docAbstract":"Since 1962, the U.S. Geological Survey has prepared and distributed Standard Reference Water Samples (SRWS) to participating laboratories in order to alert them to possible analytical deficiencies. This report marks the first time that a concentrated effort has been made to examine and compare the SRWS data for each constituent by the analytical method that was used to obtain the data. \r\n\r\nUnlike laboratories that participate in interlaboratory studies that are designed to determine the precision and accuracy of a particular analytical method, laboratories that participate in the SRWS program are allowed to select the method used to analyze a reference sample and are requested to report the method used. Data for a particular method could not be compared with a 'true' value because the data were obtained from analyses of reference samples that were prepared using natural waters; however, where possible a comparison was made between the mean concentrations obtained by the various analytical methods that were used to determine each constituent. Where enough information is available, models for predicting the precisions of the methods have been developed, and the precisions have been compared. In addition to the data presented in the reports, this evaluation provides a good indication of methods that were used routinely to analyze water samples during the 18 years of study.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O. ;\r\nFor sale by the Books and Open-File Reports Section, U.S. Geological Survey, Federal Center,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2293","usgsCitation":"Friedman, L., and Fishman, M., 1989, Evaluation of methods used from 1965 through 1982 to determine inorganic constituents in water samples: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2293, vii, 126 p. :ill. (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2293.","productDescription":"vii, 126 p. :ill. (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137366,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2293/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26486,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2293/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db624e5d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friedman, Linda C.","contributorId":98702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"Linda C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fishman, Marvin J.","contributorId":87110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fishman","given":"Marvin J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":18752,"text":"ofr89482 - 1989 - ORIPROGRAM; program for multi-model stereo restitution; users manual","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:24","indexId":"ofr89482","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-482","title":"ORIPROGRAM; program for multi-model stereo restitution; users manual","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr89482","usgsCitation":"Dueholm, K., 1989, ORIPROGRAM; program for multi-model stereo restitution; users manual: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-482, 50 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr89482.","productDescription":"50 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":150979,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0482/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":48112,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0482/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db6965cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dueholm, K.S.","contributorId":98338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dueholm","given":"K.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":12438,"text":"ofr89190A - 1989 - How to construct two paper models showing the effects of glacial ice on a mountain valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:30","indexId":"ofr89190A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-190","chapter":"A","title":"How to construct two paper models showing the effects of glacial ice on a mountain valley","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"United States Department of the Interior, Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr89190A","usgsCitation":"Alpha, T.R., 1989, How to construct two paper models showing the effects of glacial ice on a mountain valley: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-190, 17 p. :chiefly ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr89190A.","productDescription":"17 p. :chiefly ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":143731,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0190a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":40687,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0190a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62bd19","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alpha, Tau Rho","contributorId":63371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpha","given":"Tau","email":"","middleInitial":"Rho","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":35722,"text":"b1706F - 1989 - Mineral resources of the South Warner Contiguous Wilderness Study Area, Modoc County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:36","indexId":"b1706F","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1706","chapter":"F","title":"Mineral resources of the South Warner Contiguous Wilderness Study Area, Modoc County, California","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O. ; For sale by the Books and Open-File Reports Section, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/b1706F","usgsCitation":"Sawlan, M.G., Frisken, J.G., and Miller, M.S., 1989, Mineral resources of the South Warner Contiguous Wilderness Study Area, Modoc County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1706, vi, p. F1-F22, ill. ;29 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/b1706F.","productDescription":"vi, p. F1-F22, ill. ;29 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":166789,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1706f/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":63638,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1706f/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b06e4b07f02db69a06b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sawlan, Michael G. 0000-0003-0637-2051 msawlan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0637-2051","contributorId":2291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sawlan","given":"Michael","email":"msawlan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":215116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frisken, James G.","contributorId":76740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frisken","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":215118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, Michael S.","contributorId":52588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":215117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":29482,"text":"wri894070 - 1989 - A computer program for converting rectangular coordinates to latitude-longitude coordinates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:51","indexId":"wri894070","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4070","title":"A computer program for converting rectangular coordinates to latitude-longitude coordinates","docAbstract":"A computer program was developed for converting the coordinates of any rectangular grid on a map to coordinates on a grid that is parallel to lines of equal latitude and longitude. Using this program in conjunction with groundwater flow models, the user can extract data and results from models with varying grid orientations and place these data into grid structure that is oriented parallel to lines of equal latitude and longitude. All cells in the rectangular grid must have equal dimensions, and all cells in the latitude-longitude grid measure one minute by one minute. This program is applicable if the map used shows lines of equal latitude as arcs and lines of equal longitude as straight lines and assumes that the Earth 's surface can be approximated as a sphere. The program user enters the row number , column number, and latitude and longitude of the midpoint of the cell for three test cells on the rectangular grid. The latitude and longitude of boundaries of the rectangular grid also are entered. By solving sets of simultaneous linear equations, the program calculates coefficients that are used for making the conversion. As an option in the program, the user may build a groundwater model file based on a grid that is parallel to lines of equal latitude and longitude. The program reads a data file based on the rectangular coordinates and automatically forms the new data file. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri894070","usgsCitation":"Rutledge, A.T., 1989, A computer program for converting rectangular coordinates to latitude-longitude coordinates: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4070, iii, 16 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894070.","productDescription":"iii, 16 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":126849,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4070/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58326,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4070/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b27e4b07f02db6b09b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rutledge, A. T.","contributorId":38532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rutledge","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":49078,"text":"ofr891B - 1989 - FASPUE English version : analytic petroleum resource appraisal microcomputer programs for play analysis using a reservoir-engineering model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-15T08:33:59","indexId":"ofr891B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-1","chapter":"B","title":"FASPUE English version : analytic petroleum resource appraisal microcomputer programs for play analysis using a reservoir-engineering model","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr891B","collaboration":"The USGS does not support this software or technical questions for the software associated with the publication.","usgsCitation":"Crovelli, R.A., and Balay, R.H., 1989, FASPUE English version : analytic petroleum resource appraisal microcomputer programs for play analysis using a reservoir-engineering model: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-1, One 5 1/4 inch diskette, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr891B.","productDescription":"One 5 1/4 inch diskette","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":170374,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267495,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0001b/application.zip"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a06e4b07f02db5f8957","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crovelli, Robert A.","contributorId":92242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crovelli","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":238973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Balay, Richard H.","contributorId":10048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balay","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":238972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":49097,"text":"ofr89310A - 1989 - ISOEDIT : a program for interactive editing of seismic reflection velocity models computer file, Part A","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:23","indexId":"ofr89310A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-310","chapter":"A","title":"ISOEDIT : a program for interactive editing of seismic reflection velocity models computer file, Part A","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr89310A","usgsCitation":"Zihlman, F.N., 1989, ISOEDIT : a program for interactive editing of seismic reflection velocity models computer file, Part A: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-310, 1 computer disk ; 5 1/4 in. + 1 text (ii, 34, [3] leaves : ill. ; 28 cm.), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr89310A.","productDescription":"1 computer disk ; 5 1/4 in. + 1 text (ii, 34, [3] leaves : ill. ; 28 cm.)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":169554,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0310a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":85921,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0310a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb975","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zihlman, Frederick N.","contributorId":107357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zihlman","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":239029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":49128,"text":"ofr89567B - 1989 - TURBOSEIS : an interactive program for constructing and editing models of seismic refraction traveltime data using a color-graphics terminal, Part B","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-15T09:01:40","indexId":"ofr89567B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-567","chapter":"B","title":"TURBOSEIS : an interactive program for constructing and editing models of seismic refraction traveltime data using a color-graphics terminal, Part B","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr89567B","collaboration":"The USGS does not support this software or technical questions for the software associated with the publication.","usgsCitation":"Chuchel, B.A., 1989, TURBOSEIS : an interactive program for constructing and editing models of seismic refraction traveltime data using a color-graphics terminal, Part B: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-567, 1 computer disk (5 1/4 in.), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr89567B.","productDescription":"1 computer disk (5 1/4 in.)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":161888,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267532,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0567b/application.zip"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adfe4b07f02db687887","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chuchel, Bruce A. chuchel@usgs.gov","contributorId":2415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chuchel","given":"Bruce","email":"chuchel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":239082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":49119,"text":"ofr89557M - 1989 - Program SEISRISK III adapted to personal computers computer file, Part M - ASCII format, DOS executable module","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-15T08:59:04","indexId":"ofr89557M","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-557","chapter":"M","title":"Program SEISRISK III adapted to personal computers computer file, Part M - ASCII format, DOS executable module","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr89557M","collaboration":"The USGS does not support this software or technical questions for the software associated with the publication.","usgsCitation":"Arnold, E., 1989, Program SEISRISK III adapted to personal computers computer file, Part M - ASCII format, DOS executable module: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-557, One 3 1/2 inch diskette, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr89557M.","productDescription":"One 3 1/2 inch diskette","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":172251,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267528,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0557m/application.zip"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65e159","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arnold, E.P.","contributorId":18814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arnold","given":"E.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":239065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":19706,"text":"ofr89247 - 1989 - Streamflow and water-quality data for Little Clearfield Creek basin, Clearfield County, Pennsylvania, December 1987 - November 1988","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-22T10:54:58","indexId":"ofr89247","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-247","title":"Streamflow and water-quality data for Little Clearfield Creek basin, Clearfield County, Pennsylvania, December 1987 - November 1988","docAbstract":"Streamflow and water quality data were collected throughout the Little Clearfield Creek basin, Clearfield County, Pennsylvania, from December 1987 through November 1988, to determine the existing quality of surface water over a range of hydrologic conditions. This data will assist the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources during its review of coal mine permit applications. A water quality station near the mouth of Little Clearfield Creek provided continuous record of stream stage, pH, specific conductance, and water temperature. Monthly water quality samples collected at this station were analyzed for total and dissolved metals, nutrients, major cations, and suspended sediment concentrations. Seventeen partial record sites, located throughout the basin, were similarly sampled four times during the study. Streamflow and water quality data obtained at these sites during a winter base flow, a spring storm event, a low summer base flow, and a more moderate summer base flow also are presented. (Author 's abstract)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr89247","usgsCitation":"Kostelnik, K.M., and Durlin, R., 1989, Streamflow and water-quality data for Little Clearfield Creek basin, Clearfield County, Pennsylvania, December 1987 - November 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-247, vi, 30 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr89247.","productDescription":"vi, 30 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":153870,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0247/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":49184,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0247/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4e86","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kostelnik, K. M.","contributorId":34951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kostelnik","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Durlin, R.R.","contributorId":67116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durlin","given":"R.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":49098,"text":"ofr89310B - 1989 - ISOEDIT : a program for interactive editing of seismic reflection velocity models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-15T08:42:53","indexId":"ofr89310B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-310","chapter":"B","title":"ISOEDIT : a program for interactive editing of seismic reflection velocity models","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr89310B","collaboration":"The USGS does not support this software or technical questions for the software associated with the publication.","usgsCitation":"Zihlman, F.N., 1989, ISOEDIT : a program for interactive editing of seismic reflection velocity models: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-310, 1 computer disk ; 5 1/4 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr89310B.","productDescription":"1 computer disk ; 5 1/4 in.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":172018,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267508,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0310b/application.zip"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb905","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zihlman, Frederick N.","contributorId":107357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zihlman","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":239030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":14912,"text":"ofr89334 - 1989 - Hydrogeochemical survey of groundwater for selected areas in the Arabian Shield and in cover rocks, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-02T18:10:54","indexId":"ofr89334","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-334","title":"Hydrogeochemical survey of groundwater for selected areas in the Arabian Shield and in cover rocks, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","docAbstract":"In the spring of 1984, a hydrogeochemical survey was conducted in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to test ground water as a sampling medium in exploration for mineral deposits. Eighty-one water samples (mostly from wells) were collected. The samples were analysed for the presence and concentration of major cations and anions, as well as a suite of trace elements. Most of the water samples contained high concentrations of dissolved salts. The majority of the samples showed no significant amounts of the trace elements. A few well-water samples contained moderately anomalous concentrations of zinc, molybdenum, and uranium. These anomalies could be due to salinity effects, contamination, or the proximity of mineral sources. This survey has established some baseline water-chemistry data, especially for the trace metals, which to date have not been reported in ground water in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr89334","usgsCitation":"McHugh, J., and Miller, W.R., 1989, Hydrogeochemical survey of groundwater for selected areas in the Arabian Shield and in cover rocks, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-334, ii, 38 p. ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr89334.","productDescription":"ii, 38 p. ill. ;28 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":43720,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0334/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":146338,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0334/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Saudi Arabia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 39,\n 32\n ],\n [\n 39,\n 28\n ],\n [\n 42,\n 28\n ],\n [\n 42,\n 32\n ],\n [\n 39,\n 32\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 45,\n 21\n ],\n [\n 45,\n 25\n ],\n [\n 50,\n 25\n ],\n [\n 50,\n 21\n ],\n [\n 45,\n 21\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 38,\n 24\n ],\n [\n 38,\n 27\n ],\n [\n 44,\n 27\n ],\n [\n 44,\n 24\n ],\n [\n 38,\n 24\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a50e4b07f02db628de2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McHugh, John B.","contributorId":64651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McHugh","given":"John B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, W. Roger","contributorId":60191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Roger","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":2308,"text":"wsp2349 - 1989 - The significance of sediment transport in arroyo development","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:20","indexId":"wsp2349","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2349","title":"The significance of sediment transport in arroyo development","docAbstract":"Arroyo widening dominates postincisional arroyo development, and the manner of widening is dependent on the grain size of bed material transported by the channel. \r\n\r\nWhen bed material is predominantly gravel, subaqueous bars that alternate from one side of the channel to the other form during high flows in initially narrow, often straight, arroyos. These alternate bars grow and become coarse-grained point bars. Moderate and low flows cannot rework these coarse bars, and the channel meanders around them. Arroyo walls opposite the bars are undercut and eroded. With progressive arroyo widening by erosion of cut banks, high-flow channel width increases, and depth decreases, reducing channel competence. Gravel is deposited in midchannel bars, point bars are reworked, and the channel becomes braided. As braiding becomes dominant, both arroyo walls are eroded. This conceptual model of coarse-grained arroyo development is based on observations of arroyo development through time using physical models and interpretation of the channel and arroyo morphology and sedimentology during a short period along the San Simon, San Pedro, and Santa Cruz Rivers in southeast Arizona. \r\n\r\nWhen bed material is predominantly sand, the channel pattern within initial arroyos is typically braided, and both arroyo walls are actively eroded. Alternate bars may form within single-thread, high-flow channels, but they are reworked during recessional flows, and the .low-flow channel is again braided. With progressive arroyo widening, fine sand, silt, and clay carried in suspension are deposited across a flood plain within the wide arroyo, causing the channel to meander. This fine-grained arroyo development model is based on observations of arroyo development through time using physical models and interpretation of the channel and arroyo morphology and sedimentology during a short period along the Rio Puerco, New Mexico. \r\n\r\nExperimental investigations using physical models in which incised channels were monitored through time indicate that the rate of arroyo widening is dependent on the amount of bedload transported through a reach. This is documented by the relations between the rate of arroyo erosion and the observed sediment transport, the channel slope, the channel width and the channel width-to-depth ratio. When a small amount of bed material is being transported, arroyos do not widen whether they are narrow (arroyo width-to-depth ratios between 1.5 and 3.1), intermediate (between 2.5 and 4.8), or wide (greater than 4.9). Arroyo widening resumes when a larger supply of bed material is introduced. \r\n\r\nArroyo widening decreases through time because with progressive increases of arroyo width, the frequency with which unstable channels within the arroyo impinge upon arroyo walls decreases. Arroyos become wider in a downstream direction in response to the cumulative effect of upstream sediment production.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O ;\r\nFor sale by the Books and Open-File Reports Section, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2349","usgsCitation":"Meyer, D.F., 1989, The significance of sediment transport in arroyo development: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2349, v, 61 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2349.","productDescription":"v, 61 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137717,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2349/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28133,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2349/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fca5b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meyer, David F. dfmeyer@usgs.gov","contributorId":2176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"David","email":"dfmeyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":144986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30332,"text":"wri884215 - 1989 - Procedure for evaluating observation-well networks in Wyoming, and application to northeastern Wyoming, 1986","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:51","indexId":"wri884215","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4215","title":"Procedure for evaluating observation-well networks in Wyoming, and application to northeastern Wyoming, 1986","docAbstract":"A sequence of steps was developed for evaluating and modifying the existing, long-term, observation-well network in any part of Wyoming. The State was subdivided geographically into nine groundwater areas, including the northeastern Wyoming groundwater area, based on major structural features. Northeastern Wyoming was the first of the nine areas to be evaluated using these procedures. The stratigraphic units of Wyoming were grouped into five rock units on the basis of age, similar depositional environments, and water-yielding properties. Activities likely to affect groundwater in northeastern Wyoming were evaluated. The most important monitoring needs in the area are related to: (1) Oil-field waterflooding; (2) surface mining of coal; (3) increasing municipal use of groundwater, and (4) need for general resource information. The 18 observation wells in the existing (1986) network meet most of the needs identified. Seven additional wells need to be added to the network, whereas four wells in the network can be discontinued. Water level data from the 18 observation wells are presented by county. Maps and hydrographs are accompanied by brief discussions of information related to the records obtained. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri884215","usgsCitation":"Wallace, J., and Crist, M.A., 1989, Procedure for evaluating observation-well networks in Wyoming, and application to northeastern Wyoming, 1986: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4215, iv, 29 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884215.","productDescription":"iv, 29 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159290,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4215/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59130,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4215/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b06e4b07f02db69a1b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wallace, J.C.","contributorId":25944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crist, M. A.","contributorId":84799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crist","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}