The steady-state groundwater system in Mesozoic rocks in the Four Corners area, Utah, Colorado, Arizona, and New Mexico, was simulated with a finite-difference digital-computer model to improve the understanding of the system. The simulated area is 4 ,100 sq mi, and it includes three aquifers. The Entrada-Navajo aquifer includes the Wingate, Navajo, and Entrada Sandstones. The Morrison aquifer includes the sandstone units of the Morrison Formation. The Dakota aquifer includes the Burro Canyon Formation and Dakota Sandstone. The simulation of the groundwater system had a mean error (error is absolute value of residual) of 70 ft for the Entrada-Navajo aquifer, 67 ft for the Morrison aquifer and 79 ft for the Dakota aquifer. The hydraulic conductivity used in the simulation ranged from 0.38 to 0.47 ft/day. Simulated inflow to the groundwater system was 30,000 acre-ft/yr. 48% of the inflow is from infiltration of precipitation within the simulated area, and 42% is from infiltration in 145 sq mi of mountain areas adjacent to the simulated area. Simulations indicated that some vertical inflow of water is needed between the Entrada-Navajo and Morrison aquifers to develop a reasonable representation of the system.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri884086","usgsCitation":"Thomas, B.E., 1989, Simulation analysis of the ground-water system in Mesozoic rocks in the Four Corners area, Utah, Colorado, Arizona, and New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4086, v, 89 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884086.","productDescription":"v, 89 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":407074,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47006.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":160075,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4086/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58926,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4086/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Four Corners area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.1583,\n 36.5\n ],\n [\n -108.6039,\n 36.5\n ],\n [\n -108.6039,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -110.1583,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -110.1583,\n 36.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49b3e4b07f02db5ca120","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, B. E.","contributorId":90767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26404,"text":"wri884126 - 1989 - A vertically averaged spectral model for tidal circulation in estuaries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-26T16:38:54","indexId":"wri884126","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4126","title":"A vertically averaged spectral model for tidal circulation in estuaries","docAbstract":"A frequency dependent computer model based on the two-dimensional vertically averaged shallow-water equations is described for general purpose application in tidally dominated embayments. This model simulates the response of both tides and tidal currents to user-specified geometries and boundary conditions. The mathematical formulation and practical application of the model are discussed in detail. Salient features of the model include the ability to specify: (1) stage at the open boundaries as well as within the model grid, (2) velocities on open boundaries (river inflows and so forth), (3) spatially variable wind stress, and (4) spatially variable bottom friction. Using harmonically analyzed field data as boundary conditions, this model can be used to make real time predictions of tides and tidal currents. (USGS)
","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri884126","usgsCitation":"Burau, J., and Cheng, R.T., 1989, A vertically averaged spectral model for tidal circulation in estuaries: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4126, iv, 31 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884126.","productDescription":"iv, 31 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122831,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4126/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55194,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4126/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a52e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burau, J.R. 0000-0002-5196-5035","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5196-5035","contributorId":7307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burau","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cheng, R. T.","contributorId":23138,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cheng","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28392,"text":"wri894095 - 1989 - Peak-flow characteristics of small urban drainages along the Wasatch Front, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:49","indexId":"wri894095","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4095","title":"Peak-flow characteristics of small urban drainages along the Wasatch Front, Utah","docAbstract":"Designers and planners for local, State, and Federal agencies need up-to- date methods for determining peak-flow characteristics for urban drainages along the Wasatch Front, Utah. This report summarizes methods used to develop equations that estimate peak-flows for small urban drainages along the Wasatch Front. Mathematical equations were developed that estimate peak flows for recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 years, for small urban drainages. Data entry to the equations requires measurements of basin slope, size and percent impervious area. Rainfall and runoff data collected from eight urban drainages along the Wasatch Front from 1984-86, were used to calibrate a rainfall-runoff model called DR3M-II. Rainfall data collected from 1948-83 at the National Weather Service Salt Lake City Airport station provided additional long-term data to the calibrated models. Log Pearson fits made to the peak flow data were used to estimate the recurrence interval peaks for each basin. Paired stations on Little Cottonwood Creek near Salt Lake City were used to help determine the effects of intervening urban drainage on peaks of larger streams. In general, peaks on larger streams caused by snowmelt and peaks caused by rainfall (where urban areas may have a significant effect) did not occur simultaneously. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri894095","usgsCitation":"Lindskov, K., and Thompson, K.R., 1989, Peak-flow characteristics of small urban drainages along the Wasatch Front, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4095, v, 38 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894095.","productDescription":"v, 38 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123376,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4095/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57191,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4095/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db688575","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lindskov, K.L.","contributorId":91077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindskov","given":"K.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, K. R.","contributorId":92677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":29060,"text":"wri884139 - 1989 - Simulation of ground-water flow at Anchorage, Alaska, 1955-83","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:53","indexId":"wri884139","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4139","title":"Simulation of ground-water flow at Anchorage, Alaska, 1955-83","docAbstract":"The groundwater system at Anchorage, Alaska was analyzed by using a two-layer three-dimensional mathematical model. By use of existing data, both nonpumping and pumping steady-state conditions and transient conditions were simulated. Under steady-state conditions, calculated directions of groundwater flow were similar to observed flow patterns, and calculated stream discharges generally were within 10% of observed values. However, in many parts of the modeled area computed hydraulic head values were more than 20 ft higher or lower than observed values. Hydraulic conductivity and transmissivity are the most sensitive hydraulic parameters under steady-state conditions. Under steady-state conditions, a pumping rate of 18.8 Mgal/d lowers heads in the confined aquifer by as much as 30 ft, but reduces streamflow by less than 5%. Transient conditions show that drawndowns due to withdrawals by production wells follow similar patterns of nearby observation wells. On the basis of analytical techniques, the confining layer does not appear to hold significant quantities of water. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri884139","usgsCitation":"Patrick, L., Brabets, T.P., and Glass, R.L., 1989, Simulation of ground-water flow at Anchorage, Alaska, 1955-83: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4139, v, 41 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884139.","productDescription":"v, 41 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159664,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4139/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57922,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4139/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7ee4b07f02db64852f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Patrick, Leslie","contributorId":36136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patrick","given":"Leslie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brabets, T. P.","contributorId":103289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brabets","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Glass, R. L.","contributorId":80279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glass","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":30332,"text":"wri884215 - 1989 - Procedure for evaluating observation-well networks in Wyoming, and application to northeastern Wyoming, 1986","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:51","indexId":"wri884215","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4215","title":"Procedure for evaluating observation-well networks in Wyoming, and application to northeastern Wyoming, 1986","docAbstract":"A sequence of steps was developed for evaluating and modifying the existing, long-term, observation-well network in any part of Wyoming. The State was subdivided geographically into nine groundwater areas, including the northeastern Wyoming groundwater area, based on major structural features. Northeastern Wyoming was the first of the nine areas to be evaluated using these procedures. The stratigraphic units of Wyoming were grouped into five rock units on the basis of age, similar depositional environments, and water-yielding properties. Activities likely to affect groundwater in northeastern Wyoming were evaluated. The most important monitoring needs in the area are related to: (1) Oil-field waterflooding; (2) surface mining of coal; (3) increasing municipal use of groundwater, and (4) need for general resource information. The 18 observation wells in the existing (1986) network meet most of the needs identified. Seven additional wells need to be added to the network, whereas four wells in the network can be discontinued. Water level data from the 18 observation wells are presented by county. Maps and hydrographs are accompanied by brief discussions of information related to the records obtained. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri884215","usgsCitation":"Wallace, J., and Crist, M.A., 1989, Procedure for evaluating observation-well networks in Wyoming, and application to northeastern Wyoming, 1986: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4215, iv, 29 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884215.","productDescription":"iv, 29 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159290,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4215/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59130,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4215/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b06e4b07f02db69a1b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wallace, J.C.","contributorId":25944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crist, M. A.","contributorId":84799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crist","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":27653,"text":"wri884140 - 1989 - Application of the precipitation-runoff modeling system to the Ah-Shi-Sle-Pah Wash watershed, San Juan County, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-10T22:53:19.002925","indexId":"wri884140","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4140","title":"Application of the precipitation-runoff modeling system to the Ah-Shi-Sle-Pah Wash watershed, San Juan County, New Mexico","docAbstract":"The precipitation-runoff modeling system was applied to the 8.21 sq-mi drainage area of the Ah-shi-sle-pah Wash watershed in northwestern New Mexico. The calibration periods were May to September of 1981 and 1982, and the verification period was May to September 1983. Twelve storms were available for calibration and 8 storms were available for verification. For calibration A (hydraulic conductivity estimated from onsite data and other storm-mode parameters optimized), the computed standard error of estimate was 50% for runoff volumes and 72% of peak discharges. Calibration B included hydraulic conductivity in the optimization, which reduced the standard error of estimate to 28 % for runoff volumes and 50% for peak discharges. Optimized values for hydraulic conductivity resulted in reductions from 1.00 to 0.26 in/h and 0.20 to 0.03 in/h for the 2 general soils groups in the calibrations. Simulated runoff volumes using 7 of 8 storms occurring during the verification period had a standard error of estimate of 40% for verification A and 38% for verification B. Simulated peak discharge had a standard error of estimate of 120% for verification A and 56% for verification B. Including the eighth storm which had a relatively small magnitude in the verification analysis more than doubled the standard error of estimating volumes and peaks.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri884140","usgsCitation":"Hejl, H.R., 1989, Application of the precipitation-runoff modeling system to the Ah-Shi-Sle-Pah Wash watershed, San Juan County, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4140, iv, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884140.","productDescription":"iv, 36 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":395827,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47049.htm"},{"id":56509,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4140/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":121581,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4140/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","county":"San Juan County","otherGeospatial":"Ah-Shi-Sle-Pah Wash watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.97431945800781,\n 36.134547437460064\n ],\n [\n -107.87406921386717,\n 36.134547437460064\n ],\n [\n -107.87406921386717,\n 36.18942952802744\n ],\n [\n -107.97431945800781,\n 36.18942952802744\n ],\n [\n -107.97431945800781,\n 36.134547437460064\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67a96a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hejl, H. R. Jr.","contributorId":69555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hejl","given":"H.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":15723,"text":"ofr89204 - 1989 - Magnetic susceptibilities of modally analyzed granitic rocks from the southern Sierra Nevada, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:08","indexId":"ofr89204","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-204","title":"Magnetic susceptibilities of modally analyzed granitic rocks from the southern Sierra Nevada, California","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr89204","usgsCitation":"Ross, D., 1989, Magnetic susceptibilities of modally analyzed granitic rocks from the southern Sierra Nevada, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-204, v, 53 p. ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr89204.","productDescription":"v, 53 p. ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":148606,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0204/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":44745,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0204/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649374","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ross, Donald Clarence","contributorId":49768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"Donald Clarence","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":171601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":80281,"text":"fwsobs82_10_156 - 1989 - Habitat Suitability Index Models: Black-tailed prairie dog","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-28T16:41:33.96964","indexId":"fwsobs82_10_156","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"82/10.156","subseriesTitle":"Habitat Suitability Index","title":"Habitat Suitability Index Models: Black-tailed prairie dog","docAbstract":"A review and synthesis of existing information were used to develop a Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) model for the black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomus ludovicianus). The model consolidates habitat use information into a framework appropriate for field application, and is scaled to produce an index between 0.0 (unsuitable habitat) to 1.0 (optimum habitat). HSI models are designed to be used with Habitat Evaluation Procedures previously developed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Clippinger, N.W., 1989, Habitat Suitability Index Models: Black-tailed prairie dog: FWS/OBS 82/10.156, vi, 21 p.","productDescription":"vi, 21 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195592,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649cac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clippinger, Norman W.","contributorId":42674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clippinger","given":"Norman","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70157145,"text":"70157145 - 1989 - The influence of north Pacific atmospheric circulation on streamflow in the west","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-27T10:34:41","indexId":"70157145","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The influence of north Pacific atmospheric circulation on streamflow in the west","docAbstract":"The annual cycle and nonseasonal variability of streamflow over western North America and Hawaii is studied in terms of atmospheric forcing elements. This study uses several decades of monthly average streamflow beginning as early as the late 1800's over a network of 38 stations. In addition to a strong annual cycle in mean streamflow and its variance at most of the stations, there is also a distinct annual cycle in the autocorrelation of anomalies that is related to the interplay between the annual cycles of temperature and precipitation. Of particular importance to these lag effects is the well-known role of water stored as snow pack, which controls the delay between peak precipitation and peak flow and also introduces persistence into the nonseasonal streamflow anomalies, with time scales from 1 month to over 1 year.
\nThe degree to which streamflow is related to winter atmospheric circulation over the North Pacific and western North America is tested using correlations with time averaged, gridded sea level pressure (SLP), which begins in 1899. Streamflow fluctuations show significant large-scale correlations for the winter (December through February) mean SLP anomaly patterns over the North Pacific with maximum correlations ranging from 0.3 to about 0.6. For streams along the west coast corridor the circulation pattern associated with positive streamflow anomalies is low pressure centered off the coast to the west or northwest, indicative of increased winter storms and an anomalous westerly-to-southwesterly wind component. For streams in the interior positive streamflow anomalies are associated with a positive SLP anomaly stationed remotely over the central North Pacific, and with negative but generally weaker SLP anomalies locally.
\nOne important influence on streamflow variability is the strength of the Aleutian Low in winter. This is represented by the familiar Pacific-North America (PNA) index and also by an index defined herein the “CNP” (Central North Pacific). This index, beginning in 1899, is taken to be the average of the SLP anomaly south of the Aleutians and the western Gulf of Alaska. Correlations between PNA or CNP and regional anomalies reflect streamflow the alternations in strength and position of the mean North Pacific storm track entering North America as well as shifts in the trade winds over the subtropical North Pacific. Regions whose streamflow is best tuned to the PNA or CNP include coastal Alaska, the northwestern United States, and Hawaii; the latter two regions have the opposite sign anomaly as the former. The pattern of streamflow variations associated with El Niño is similar, but the El Niño signal also includes a tendency for greater than normal streamflow in the southwestern United States. These indices are significantly correlated with streamflow at one to two seasons in advance of the December–August period, which may allow modestly skillful forecasts. It is important to note that streamflow variability in some areas, such as British Columbia and California, does not respond consistently to these broad scale Pacific atmospheric circulation indices, but is related to regional atmospheric anomaly features over the eastern North Pacific.
\nSpatially, streamflow anomalies are fairly well correlated over scales of several hundred kilometers. Inspection of the spatial anomalies of stream-flow in this study suggest an asymmetry in the spatial pattern of positive versus negative streamflow anomalies in the western United States: dry patterns have tended to be larger and more spatially coherent than wet patterns.
\nNo abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Visual solutions right at your fingertips : NCGA mapping and geographic information systems '89 : Conference proceedings ","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"NCGA Mapping and Geographic Information Systems '89","conferenceDate":"November 13-15, 1989","conferenceLocation":"Los Angeles. CA","language":"English","publisher":"National Computer Graphics Association","usgsCitation":"Stayner, F.O., Johnston, J.B., and Scurry, J.D., 1989, Modeling coastal Louisiana's vulnerability to oil and toxic chemical spills, in Visual solutions right at your fingertips : NCGA mapping and geographic information systems '89 : Conference proceedings , Los Angeles. CA, November 13-15, 1989, p. 124-129.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"124","endPage":"129","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371823,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Barataria Pass","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.13938903808594,\n 29.17554565336736\n ],\n [\n -89.70130920410156,\n 29.17554565336736\n ],\n [\n -89.70130920410156,\n 29.46291618351984\n ],\n [\n -90.13938903808594,\n 29.46291618351984\n ],\n [\n -90.13938903808594,\n 29.17554565336736\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stayner, Floyd O.","contributorId":216223,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stayner","given":"Floyd","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":781151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnston, James B.","contributorId":78039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":781152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scurry, James D.","contributorId":221241,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scurry","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":781153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70208471,"text":"70208471 - 1989 - Modeling bottomland forest and wildlife habitat changes in Louisiana's Atchafalaya Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-11T10:22:49","indexId":"70208471","displayToPublicDate":"1989-12-31T10:16:08","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Modeling bottomland forest and wildlife habitat changes in Louisiana's Atchafalaya Basin","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Freshwater wetlands and wildlife: Proceedings of a symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Freshwater wetlands and wildlife","conferenceDate":"Mar 24-27, 1986","conferenceLocation":"Charleston, SC","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of Energy","usgsCitation":"Brody, M.S., Conner, W.H., Pearlstine, L., and Kitchens, W.M., 1989, Modeling bottomland forest and wildlife habitat changes in Louisiana's Atchafalaya Basin, in Freshwater wetlands and wildlife: Proceedings of a symposium, Charleston, SC, Mar 24-27, 1986, p. 991-1004.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"991","endPage":"1004","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":372228,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Atchafalaya Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.3680419921875,\n 29.422852691411045\n ],\n [\n -91.1700439453125,\n 30.350361185215682\n ],\n [\n -91.50238037109375,\n 30.2934606306162\n ],\n [\n -91.417236328125,\n 29.49698759653577\n ],\n [\n -90.98190307617188,\n 29.389354660473675\n ],\n [\n -90.3680419921875,\n 29.422852691411045\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brody, Michael S.","contributorId":40651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brody","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":782040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conner, William H.","contributorId":79376,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Conner","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":7084,"text":"Clemson University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":782041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pearlstine, L.","contributorId":117285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearlstine","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":782042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kitchens, Wiley M. kitchensw@usgs.gov","contributorId":2851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kitchens","given":"Wiley","email":"kitchensw@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":782043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70194856,"text":"70194856 - 1989 - Timing and mechanisms for the deposition of the glaciomarine mud in and around the Gulf of Maine: A discussion of alternative models ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-24T08:21:08","indexId":"70194856","displayToPublicDate":"1989-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5601,"text":"Studies in Maine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"title":"Timing and mechanisms for the deposition of the glaciomarine mud in and around the Gulf of Maine: A discussion of alternative models ","docAbstract":"Glaciomarine mud in the Gulf of Maine, characterized by rhythmic seismic layers that mimic the morphology of the underlying surface, is composed of subequal amounts of silt and clay, variable amounts of sand, and sparse gravel-sized clasts. The mud is Wisconsinan in age and was deposited during the retreat of the last ice sheet. A beginning date of 38 ka, proposed by King and Fader (1986) in their chronology of the last deglaciation, is considered too old. An alternative chronology, more consistent with the continental record to the west, is proposed here. ln this interpretation, deposition ofglaciomarine mud began about 18 ka when the late Wisconsinan ice retreated from Georges Bank, Great South Channel, and Northeast Channel and ended around 11 ka, when meltwater ceased to enter the Gulf of Maine. Basal-till melt-out from an ice shelf and bergs as the source of the glaciomarine mud, also proposed by King and Fader (1986), is thought to be inconsistent with the volume, widespread rhythmic bedding, and low stone content of the deposit. More likely the source of the glaciomarine mud was rock-flour-laden meltwater that entered the sea along the grounding line of a calving glacier or by way of subaerial meltwater streams. The rock flour was then dispersed by sediment plumes and was deposited when the sediment fell to the sea floor, aided by flocculation and biological agglutination. Rhythmic layers within the glaciomarine mud could represent annual cyclic sedimentation (varves) or cyclic events of lesser duration.
","largerWorkType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"largerWorkSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"language":"English","publisher":"Maine Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Oldale, R.N., 1989, Timing and mechanisms for the deposition of the glaciomarine mud in and around the Gulf of Maine: A discussion of alternative models , v. 5, p. 1-10.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"10","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350555,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Maine","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.5751953125,\n 39.740986355883564\n ],\n [\n -66.9287109375,\n 39.740986355883564\n ],\n [\n -66.9287109375,\n 44.96479793033101\n ],\n [\n -74.5751953125,\n 44.96479793033101\n ],\n [\n -74.5751953125,\n 39.740986355883564\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a69a971e4b06e28e9c81b72","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oldale, Robert N.","contributorId":38953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oldale","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":725679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015273,"text":"70015273 - 1989 - Boron isotope evidence for the involvement of non-marine evaporites in the origin of the Broken Hill ore deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-30T17:02:49.976245","indexId":"70015273","displayToPublicDate":"1989-12-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Boron isotope evidence for the involvement of non-marine evaporites in the origin of the Broken Hill ore deposits","docAbstract":"Identifying the palaeogeographic setting and mode of origin of stratabound ore deposits can be difficult in high-grade metamorphic terranes, where the effects of metamorphism may obscure the nature of the protoliths. Here we report boron isotope data for tourmalines from the early Proterozoic Broken Hill block, in Australia, which hosts giant lead-zinc-silver sulphide deposits. With one exception the 11B/10B ratios are lower than those for all other tourmalines from massive sulphide deposits and tour-malinites elsewhere in the world. We propose that these low ratios reflect leaching of boron from non-marine evaporitic borates by convecting hydrothermal fluids associated with early Proterozoic continental rifting. A possible modern analogue is the Salton Sea geothermal field in California.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1038/342913a0","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Slack, J.F., Palmer, M.R., and Stevens, B., 1989, Boron isotope evidence for the involvement of non-marine evaporites in the origin of the Broken Hill ore deposits: Nature, v. 342, no. 6252, p. 913-916, https://doi.org/10.1038/342913a0.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"913","endPage":"916","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223924,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"342","issue":"6252","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f220e4b0c8380cd4b00b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slack, J. F.","contributorId":75917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slack","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Palmer, M. R.","contributorId":81256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palmer","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stevens, B.P.J.","contributorId":61173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"B.P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70200480,"text":"70200480 - 1989 - Prodigious submarine landslides on the Hawaiian Ridge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-19T09:51:36","indexId":"70200480","displayToPublicDate":"1989-12-10T09:51:17","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prodigious submarine landslides on the Hawaiian Ridge","docAbstract":"The extensive area covered by major submarine mass wasting deposits on or near the Hawaiian Ridge has been delimited by systematic mapping of the Hawaiian exclusive economic zone using the side‐looking sonar system GLORIA. These surveys show that slumps and debris avalanche deposits are exposed over about 100,000 km2 of the ridge and adjacent seafloor from Kauai to Hawaii, covering an area more than 5 times the land area of the islands. Some of the individual debris avalanches are more than 200 km long and about 5000 km3 in volume, ranking them among the largest on Earth. The slope failures that produce these deposits begin early in the history of individual volcanoes when they are small submarine seamounts, culminate near the end of subaerial shield building, and apparently continue long after dormancy. Consequently, landslide debris is an important element in the internal structure of the volcanoes. The dynamic behavior of the volcanoes can be modulated by slope failure, and the structural features of the landslides are related to elements of the volcanoes including rift zones and fault systems. The landslides are of two general types, slumps and debris avalanches. The slumps are slow moving, wide (up to 110 km), and thick (about 10 km) with transverse blocky ridges and steep toes. The debris avalanches are fast moving, long (up to 230 km) compared to width, and thinner (0.05–2 km); they commonly have a well‐defined amphitheater at their head and hummocky terrain in the lower part. Oceanic disturbance caused by rapid emplacement of debris avalanches may have produced high‐level wave deposits (such as the 365‐m elevation Hulopoe Gravel on Lanai) that are found on several islands. Most present‐day submarine canyons were originally carved subaerially in the upper parts of debris avalanches. Subaerial canyon cutting was apparently promoted by the recently steepened and stripped slopes of the landslide amphitheaters.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/JB094iB12p17465","usgsCitation":"Moore, J.G., Clague, D.A., Holcomb, R.T., Lipman, P.W., Normark, W.R., and Torresan, M.E., 1989, Prodigious submarine landslides on the Hawaiian Ridge: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 94, no. B12, p. 17465-17484, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB094iB12p17465.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"17465","endPage":"17484","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358554,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Hawaiian Ridge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -160.25,\n 18\n ],\n [\n -154.5,\n 18\n ],\n [\n -154.5,\n 23\n ],\n [\n -160.25,\n 23\n ],\n [\n -160.25,\n 18\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"94","issue":"B12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c112c44e4b034bf6a822604","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, James G. 0000-0002-7543-2401 jmoore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7543-2401","contributorId":2892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"James","email":"jmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clague, David A.","contributorId":77105,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clague","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holcomb, R. T.","contributorId":99146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holcomb","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lipman, Peter W. 0000-0001-9175-6118 plipman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9175-6118","contributorId":3486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipman","given":"Peter","email":"plipman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Normark, William R.","contributorId":69570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Normark","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Torresan, Michael E. mtorresan@usgs.gov","contributorId":4392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torresan","given":"Michael","email":"mtorresan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":749092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70123163,"text":"70123163 - 1989 - Two new species of South American Centrolenella (Anura: Centrolenidae) related to C. mariae","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-02T12:01:50","indexId":"70123163","displayToPublicDate":"1989-12-01T11:52:13","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1892,"text":"Herpetologica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Two new species of South American Centrolenella (Anura: Centrolenidae) related to C. mariae","docAbstract":"Two new Centrolenella are described, C. azulae from the Cordillera Azul of Perú, and C. puyoensis from the Amazonian slopes of the Ecuadorian Andes. Centrolenella azulae is distinguished by its moderately large size, the presence of vomerine teeth, a snout truncate in dorsal view and slightly protruding in profile, a color pattern in preservative of very diffuse lavender with small colorless spots, basal webbing on the outer fingers, and a low ulnar fold. Centrolenella puyoensis is distinguished by its moderately large size, a snout truncate in dorsal view and rounded in profile, a color pattern in preservative of purplish-gray with large cream spots, a tympanum that is three-fourths exposed, and intricate anal ornamentation. Both new species are closely related to the Peruvian C. mariae, and together the three species form the C. mariae group, definable on a number of shared, derived characters. A hypothesis of relationships within the mariae group is presented, postulating puyoensis as the most primitive and azulae as the most derived of the trio.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Herpetologica","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Herpetologists' League","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","usgsCitation":"Flores, G., and McDiarmid, R.W., 1989, Two new species of South American Centrolenella (Anura: Centrolenidae) related to C. mariae: Herpetologica, v. 45, no. 4, p. 401-411.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"401","endPage":"411","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":293291,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5406d9dde4b044dc0e8289e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flores, Glenn","contributorId":10726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flores","given":"Glenn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McDiarmid, Roy W. 0000-0002-7649-1796 rmcdiarmid@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7649-1796","contributorId":3603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDiarmid","given":"Roy","email":"rmcdiarmid@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70171305,"text":"70171305 - 1989 - History of the Federal Inter-Agency Sedimentation Project","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T10:46:42","indexId":"70171305","displayToPublicDate":"1989-11-30T13:30:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"History of the Federal Inter-Agency Sedimentation Project","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Sediment Transport Modeling International Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Sediment Transport Modeling International Symposium","conferenceDate":"August 14-18, 1989","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","publisherLocation":"New Orleans, Louisiana","usgsCitation":"Skinner, J.V., 1989, History of the Federal Inter-Agency Sedimentation Project, in Proceedings of the Sediment Transport Modeling International Symposium, August 14-18, 1989, p. 266-271.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"266","endPage":"271","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321754,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57481e33e4b07e28b664dbb9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Skinner, J. V.","contributorId":32504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skinner","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70171482,"text":"70171482 - 1989 - Comparison of aquifer storage coefficients computed using anisotropic and isotropic analytical models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-01T14:00:59","indexId":"70171482","displayToPublicDate":"1989-11-29T22:30:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Comparison of aquifer storage coefficients computed using anisotropic and isotropic analytical models","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Recent Advances in Ground-Water Hydrology, American Institute of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"International conference on Recent advances in ground-water hydrology","conferenceDate":"1989","publisher":"Am. Inst. Hydrol.","publisherLocation":"Minneapolis, MN","usgsCitation":"Quinones-Aponte, V., 1989, Comparison of aquifer storage coefficients computed using anisotropic and isotropic analytical models, in Proceedings of the Recent Advances in Ground-Water Hydrology, American Institute of Hydrology, 1989, p. 349-357.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"349","endPage":"357","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":322024,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57500736e4b0ee97d51bb3d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Quinones-Aponte, Vicente","contributorId":48552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quinones-Aponte","given":"Vicente","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70175871,"text":"70175871 - 1989 - Model B sediment concentration gage: Factors influencing its readings and a formula for correcting its errors in measurement and analysis of sediment load in streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T10:47:11","indexId":"70175871","displayToPublicDate":"1989-11-29T14:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":66,"text":"Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"JJ","title":"Model B sediment concentration gage: Factors influencing its readings and a formula for correcting its errors in measurement and analysis of sediment load in streams","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Federal Inter-Agency Sedimentation Project","usgsCitation":"Skinner, J.V., 1989, Model B sediment concentration gage: Factors influencing its readings and a formula for correcting its errors in measurement and analysis of sediment load in streams: Report JJ, 34 p.","productDescription":"34 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327057,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b82ddde4b03fd6b7da391a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Skinner, J. V.","contributorId":32504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skinner","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70210210,"text":"70210210 - 1989 - Crustal structure of the Chugach Mountains, southern Alaska: A study of peg‐leg multiples from a low‐velocity zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-20T15:33:32.777701","indexId":"70210210","displayToPublicDate":"1989-11-10T10:24:29","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crustal structure of the Chugach Mountains, southern Alaska: A study of peg‐leg multiples from a low‐velocity zone","docAbstract":"A seismic refraction profile recorded along the geologic strike of the Chugach Mountains in southern Alaska shows three upper crustal high‐velocity layers (6.9, 7.2, and 7.6 km/s) and a unique pattern of strongly focussed echelon arrivals to a distance of 225 km. The group velocity of the ensemble of echelon arrivals is 6.4 km/s. Modeling of this profile with the reflectivity method reveals that the echelon pattern is due to peg‐leg multiples generated from within a low‐velocity zone between the second and third upper crustal high‐velocity layers. The third high‐velocity layer (7.6 km/s) is underlain at 18 km depth by a pronounced low‐velocity zone that produces a seismic shadow zone wherein peg‐leg multiples are seen as echelon arrivals. The interpretation of these echelon arrivals as multiples supersedes an earlier interpretation which attributed them to successive primary reflections arising from alternating high‐ and low‐velocity layers. Synthetic seismogram modeling indicates that a low‐velocity zone with transitional upper and lower boundaries generates peg‐leg multiples as effectively as one with sharp boundaries. No PmP or Pn arrivals from the subducting oceanic Moho at 30 km depth beneath the western part of the line are observed on the long‐offset (90–225 km) data. This may be due to a lower crustal waveguide whose top is the high‐velocity (7.6 km/s) layer and whose base is the Moho. A deep (∼54 km) reflector is not affected by the waveguide and has been identified in the data. Although peg‐leg multiples have been interpreted on some long‐range refraction profiles that sound to upper mantle depths, the Chugach Mountains profile is one of the few crustal refraction profiles where peg‐leg multiples are clearly observed. This study indicates that multiple and converted phases may be more important in seismic refraction/wide‐angle reflection profiles than previously recognized.
Results from two types of experiments show that intergranular pore pressures fluctuated dynamically during rapid, steady shear deformation of water-saturated granular materials. During some fluctuations, the pore water locally supported all normal and shear stresses, while grain-contact stresses transiently fell to zero. Fluctuations also propagated outward from the shear zone; this process modifies grain-contact stresses in adjacent areas and potentially instigates shear-zone growth.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.246.4931.796","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Iverson, R.M., and LaHusen, R.G., 1989, Dynamic pore-pressure fluctuations in rapidly shearing granular materials: Science, v. 246, no. 4931, p. 796-799, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.246.4931.796.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"796","endPage":"799","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222885,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"246","issue":"4931","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0428e4b0c8380cd5080b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Iverson, Richard M. 0000-0002-7369-3819 riverson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7369-3819","contributorId":536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iverson","given":"Richard","email":"riverson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":372386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"LaHusen, Richard G.","contributorId":60205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaHusen","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016064,"text":"70016064 - 1989 - Planktonic benthonic foraminiferal ratios: Modern patterns and Tertiary applicability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-02T16:39:48.961322","indexId":"70016064","displayToPublicDate":"1989-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2673,"text":"Marine Micropaleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Planktonic benthonic foraminiferal ratios: Modern patterns and Tertiary applicability","docAbstract":"William Swainson published descriptions and illustrations of many new forms of New World birds. In some of his earlier papers, Swainson cited his own works (of which only some parts have been published) as well as some manuscripts that were never published (see McMillan 1971). Swainson also referred to works that were published later under different titles. For example, Swainson (1827a) listed several names of birds and cited his \"Mexican Zoology,\" a work that was never published. Later he (Swainson 1831-1832) referred to the \"Cat. of Mex. Mus. App. p. 4 (1824),\" in which he claimed to have described the taxa he had listed in Swainson (1827a).
Modern authorities (e.g. Greenway 1960: 371; American Ornithologists' Union [AOU] 1983: 582) refer to the 1824 source as the original publication for the genus they render as Ptilogonys and (AOU 1983) for the species Ptilogonys cinereus. However, there is no evidence that the 1824 work was ever seen as a manuscript or published. In this paper, I review the use of \"Swainson, 1824,\" as a citation and discuss the actual publication, spelling of the names Ptiliogonys and Ptiliogonys cinereus, and type locality of the species.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","usgsCitation":"Browning, M.R., 1989, The correct citation and spelling of Ptiliogonys and type locality of Ptiliogonys cinereus: The Auk, v. 106, no. 4, p. 743-746.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"743","endPage":"746","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":293421,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":341244,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/4087692 "}],"volume":"106","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542a756ce4b01535cb427c8a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Browning, M. Ralph","contributorId":8528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Browning","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ralph","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70122966,"text":"70122966 - 1989 - Riparian ecosystem creation and restoration: a literature summary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-29T14:59:09","indexId":"70122966","displayToPublicDate":"1989-09-01T14:55:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesNumber":"Biological Report 89(20)","title":"Riparian ecosystem creation and restoration: a literature summary","docAbstract":"Riparian ecosystems generally compose a minor proportion of surrounding\nareas, but typically are more structurally diverse and more productive in plant\nand animal biomass than adjacent upland areas. Riparian areas supply food,\ncover, and water (especially important in the arid West) for a large diversity\nof animals, and serve as migration routes and forest connectors between habitats\nfor a variety of wildlife, particularly ungulates and birds.
\nBecause riparian ecosystems often are relatively small areas and occur in\nconjunction with waterways, they are vulnerable to severe alteration. Riparian\necosystems throughout the U.S. have been heavily impacted by man's activities.\nRiparian ecosystem creation and restoration have been used as mitigation for\nproject impacts from highway, bridge, and pipeline construction; water\ndevelopment; flood control channel modifications; industrial and residential\ndevelopment; agriculture; irrigation; livestock grazing; mining; and accidental\nhabitat loss.
\nCreation of a riparian ecosystem in| a more mesic upland area (e.g.,\n‘grassland or cropland) adjacent to a river requires appropriate water supply and\ngrading the topography to suitable elevations to support plantings of riparian\nvegetation. Restoration involves returning the ecosystem to pre disturbance\nconditions and typically implies revegetation. Removing exotic vegetation or\nrestoring water supplies to pre disturbance level also may be involved.\nEnhancement of riparian ecosystems commonly refers to improving existing\nconditions to increase habitat value, usually by increasing plant or community\ndiversity to increase value for wildlife. Managing a riparian ecosystem\ntypically involves enhancement techniques. However, creation and restoration\nprojects often involve use of techniques considered more management-oriented\n(e.g., fencing to prevent cattle grazing until planted vegetation of a created\nor restored wetland is established).
\nProtection of an existing riparian ecosystem from impact should be of\nutmost importance during planning and construction phases of development\nprojects. If loss or damage is unavoidable, wetland creation or restoration\ncan be used as mitigation. Compared to other wetland types (e.g., coastal\nwetlands), projects and techniques involving creation or restoration of riparian\necosystems are not well documented. For example, only 8% of the records in the\nWCR Data Base contained information on riparian ecosystems, whereas 31% of the\nrecords contained information on coastal emergent or forested ecosystems. To\nprovide a source of currently available literature, riparian information from\n92 records (primarily published papers or reports) in the U.S. Fish and Wildlife\nService's (FWS) Wetland Creation-Restoration (WCR) Data Base (Schneller-McDonald\net al. 1988) was used to develop a literature summary of creation and restoration\nof riparian ecosystems.
\nThe summary provides an overview of the status of riparian ecosystems in\nthe U.S., a discussion of several riparian functions, and a review of some\ntechniques used for planning, implementing, monitoring, and measuring project\nsuccess of creation-restoration efforts. Case studies of various creation or\nrestoration projects are used to demonstrate these techniques and to report some\nresults of their use. Several well-documented case studies are discussed in\ndetail to illustrate more extensive efforts to plan, implement, or monitor\nriparian ecosystem creation-restoration projects.
\nFor the purpose of this report, riparian ecosystems are defined as\nlandscapes adjacent to drainageways of floodplains that exhibit vegetation, soil,\nand hydrologic mosaics along topographic and moisture gradients that are distinct\nfrom the predominant landscape surface types. Major plant communities are\ndescribed under palustrine system in Cowardin et al. (1979).
\nLiterature from the WCR Data Base was used to provide a summary of riparian\necosystem creation-restoration literature. Thus, information concerning natural\nsystems is not included unless discussed in these articles. This focus allows\nthe reader to compare relative information available on riparian ecosystem\ncreation-restoration efforts. However, this focus also results in limited\ninformation in some sections of the report (e.g., Status of Riparian Ecosystems\nin the U.S.).
\nIndividuals involved in riparian ecosystem creation-restoration efforts\nare encouraged to thoroughly examine available literature on natural and altered\nsystems. Brinson et al. (1981) provide a comprehensive review and synthesis of\nthe ecology and status of riparian ecosystems. Over 500 articles are cited in\ntheir 124-page report. Chapters include the following topics: status of\nriparian ecosystems in the U.S., ecological functions and properties of riparian\necosystems (e.g., geomorphology, primary productivity, nutrient cycling,\nhydrology), importance of riparian ecosystems to fish and wildlife, and\nconsiderations in valuation (ecologic and economic) of riparian ecosystems.\nBrinson et al. (1981) also discuss management of riparian ecosystems. Riparian\necosystem management literature was not included in the WCR Data Base, unless\nthe article also discussed creation or restoration.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Research and Development","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Manci, K.M., 1989, Riparian ecosystem creation and restoration: a literature summary, vi, 59 p.","productDescription":"vi, 59 p.","numberOfPages":"65","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":293213,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"540193cfe4b0ae951d96063f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manci, Karen M.","contributorId":8389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manci","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70123411,"text":"70123411 - 1989 - Assessing the relationship between Section 404 and wetland losses: a feasibility study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-04T12:50:37","indexId":"70123411","displayToPublicDate":"1989-09-01T12:39:28","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesNumber":"Biological Report 89(21)","title":"Assessing the relationship between Section 404 and wetland losses: a feasibility study","docAbstract":"The primary objective of the Clean Water Act of 1977 (33 U.S.C. 1251) is to restore and maintain the physical, chemical, and biological integrity of the Nation's waters. Section 404 of the Act regulates the discharge of dredged or fill materials into wetlands and represents the primary Federal authority for regulation of wetland alterations. Since its inception, the Section 404 program has been controversial in regard to the extent to which it was intended to provide wetlands regulation.
\nSection 404 requires those who wish to discharge dredged or fill material into waters of the United States, which include many wetlands, to first obtain a Federal permit. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has overall responsibility for administration of the Section 404 program and promulgates guidelines that must be followed in issuing permits. In addition, EPA has the final authority to prohibit specific discharges if the environmental impacts are unacceptable. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) issues Section 404 permits, which can be of two types. Individual Permits are issued following case-by-case reviews of proposed discharges. General Permits, which can be either nationwide or regional in scope, are authorized by the Corps for categories of activities that are similar in nature and that have only minimal individual and cumulative adverse environmental impacts. EPA, the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), the Fish and Wildlife Service (Service), and State natural resource agencies review and comment on permit applications and offer recommendations on appropriate mitigation measures. Although comments from the Service and other natural resource agencies are advisory in nature (EPA's veto authority excepted), they can serve as the basis for modifying, conditioning, or denying a Section 404 permit.
\nIn 1986, in a survey conducted by the National Ecology Research Center, Service personnel indicated interest in additional information concerning both wetland trends and the impacts of activities authorized by the Corps under Section 404 (Roelle 1986). Although there is some information concerning wetland losses for certain geographic areas and for the Nation as a whole (Frayer et al. 1983; Tiner 1984), there appears to be little information on how these losses relate to the Section 404 permitting process. The primary objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of estimating wetland losses in relationship to Individual and General Permits issued under Section 404. A secondary objective was to assemble data on acceptance and implementation of specific mitigation recommendations offered by the Service and other natural resource agencies in connection with development activities on wetlands examined.
\nAt present, 26 categories of Nationwide permits have been authorized by the Corps. Nationwide permit 26 was of particular interest in this study because it specifically authorizes discharges into wetlands under certain circumstances (see Figure 1 and related text for a more complete discussion of circumstances under which Nationwide Permit 26 is applicable). All subsequent references to Nationwide or General permits pertain to Nationwide Permit 26.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Gladwin, D.N., Roelle, J.E., and Asherin, D.A., 1989, Assessing the relationship between Section 404 and wetland losses: a feasibility study, iii, 19 p.","productDescription":"iii, 19 p.","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":293392,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5409ad37e4b09baad27cdb54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gladwin, Douglas N.","contributorId":56352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gladwin","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roelle, James E. roelleb@usgs.gov","contributorId":2330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roelle","given":"James","email":"roelleb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Asherin, Duane A.","contributorId":51660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asherin","given":"Duane","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}