{"pageNumber":"1427","pageRowStart":"35650","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40859,"records":[{"id":70123153,"text":"70123153 - 1989 - Physical habitat simulation system reference manual: version II","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-02T11:22:58","indexId":"70123153","displayToPublicDate":"1989-09-01T11:11:14","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Physical habitat simulation system reference manual: version II","docAbstract":"

There are four major components of a stream system that determine the productivity of the fishery (Karr and Dudley 1978). These are: (1) flow regime, (2) physical habitat structure (channel form, substrate distribution, and riparian vegetation), (3) water quality (including temperature), and (4) energy inputs from the watershed (sediments, nutrients, and organic matter). The complex interaction of these components determines the primary production, secondary production, and fish population of the stream reach.

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\n

The basic components and interactions needed to simulate fish populations as a function of management alternatives are illustrated in Figure I.1. The assessment process utilizes a hierarchical and modular approach combined with computer simulation techniques. The modular components represent the \"building blocks\" for the simulation. The quality of the physical habitat is a function of flow and, therefore, varies in quality and quantity over the range of the flow regime. The conceptual framework of the Incremental Methodology and guidelines for its application are described in \"A Guide to Stream Habitat Analysis Using the Instream Flow Incremental Methodology\" (Bovee 1982).

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\n

Simulation of physical habitat is accomplished using the physical structure of the stream and streamflow. The modification of physical habitat by temperature and water quality is analyzed separately from physical habitat simulation. Temperature in a stream varies with the seasons, local meteorological conditions, stream network configuration, and the flow regime; thus, the temperature influences on habitat must be analysed on a stream system basis. Water quality under natural conditions is strongly influenced by climate and the geological materials, with the result that there is considerable natural variation in water quality. When we add the activities of man, the possible range of water quality possibilities becomes rather large. Consequently, water quality must also be analysed on a stream system basis. Such analysis is outside the scope of this manual, which concentrates on simulation of physical habitat based on depth, velocity, and a channel index.

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The results form PHABSIM can be used alone or by using a series of habitat time series programs that have been developed to generate monthly or daily habitat time series from the Weighted Usable Area versus streamflow table resulting from the habitat simulation programs and streamflow time series data. Monthly and daily streamflow time series may be obtained from USGS gages near the study site or as the output of river system management models.

","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Report","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Milhous, R.T., Updike, M.A., and Schneider, D.M., 1989, Physical habitat simulation system reference manual: version II, v. 89, no. 16, 403 p.","productDescription":"403 p.","numberOfPages":"403","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":293274,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5406d9cfe4b044dc0e828981","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milhous, Robert T.","contributorId":28646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milhous","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Updike, Marlys A.","contributorId":32834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Updike","given":"Marlys","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schneider, Diane M.","contributorId":107206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70231495,"text":"70231495 - 1989 - Salinity variations in submarine hydrothermal systems by layered double-diffusive convection","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-11T16:13:25.913677","indexId":"70231495","displayToPublicDate":"1989-09-01T11:10:05","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2309,"text":"Journal of Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Salinity variations in submarine hydrothermal systems by layered double-diffusive convection","docAbstract":"

Various mechanisms have been proposed to explain the salinity variations in vent fluids of seafloor geothermal systems. New experiments reacting diabase and evolved seawater were carried out to reproduce earlier published observations of Cl depletions attributed to formation of an ephemeral Cl-bearing mineral. The absence of any Cl depletions in the present study suggests that the formation of Cl-bearing minerals is not sufficiently widespread to account for the observed salinity variations in the vent fluids. A re-evaluation of both field and laboratory evidence has led to a new model for subseafloor circulation that accounts for salinity variations as well as other chemical and mineralogic observations. In place of a simple single-pass convection system, we propose that the seafloor systems consist of two vertically nested convection cells in which a brine layer at depth heats and drives an overlying seawater cell. Such layering of salinities, a process known in fluid mechanics as double-diffusive convection, is an expected result when convection is induced in saline fluids. The process provides for stable high-temperature heat transfer upward from the cracking front adjacent to the magma, and for limited chemical exchange of the brine with the overlying seawater to explain salinity variations and high metal contents in the vent fluids. The brine also provides an effective medium to produce the secondary mineral assemblages observed in rocks from the mid-ocean ridges and ophiolites unsuccessfully produced in laboratory studies using seawater. The brine originates from the two-phase separation of seawater during magmatic/tectonic events and accumulates and remains relatively stable in the region immediately above the magma chamber.

","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.1086/629338","usgsCitation":"Bischoff, J.L., and Rosenbauer, R.J., 1989, Salinity variations in submarine hydrothermal systems by layered double-diffusive convection: Journal of Geology, v. 97, no. 5, p. 613-623, https://doi.org/10.1086/629338.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"613","endPage":"623","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":400511,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"97","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bischoff, James L. jbischoff@usgs.gov","contributorId":1389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bischoff","given":"James","email":"jbischoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":842783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosenbauer, Robert J. brosenbauer@usgs.gov","contributorId":204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenbauer","given":"Robert","email":"brosenbauer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":842784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015354,"text":"70015354 - 1989 - Accumulation and diagenesis of chlorinated hydrocarbons in lacustrine sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-27T11:01:14.413921","indexId":"70015354","displayToPublicDate":"1989-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5925,"text":"Environmental Science and Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Accumulation and diagenesis of chlorinated hydrocarbons in lacustrine sediments","docAbstract":"Two sediment cores were taken from the Rochester Basin of eastern Lake Ontario and analyzed for the radionuclides 210Pb and 137Cs and several high molecular weight chlorinated hydrocarbons (CHs). The two sites are geographically proximate but differ in sedimentation rate, permitting sedimentation-dependent processes to be factored out. The 210Pb chronology showed a mixed depth of 3-5 cm and an intrinsic time resolution of 11-14 years. Vertically integrated numbers of deposit-feeding oligochaete worms and burrowing organisms are insufficient to homogenize the sediment on the time scale of CH inputs, which are non steady state. U.S. production and sales of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), DDT, Mirex, and hexachlorobenzene (HCB), as determinants of the shape of the input function, adequately predict the overall shape and, in many cases, details in the sedimentary profile. Sediment focusing factors (FF) inferred from 137Cs and 210Pb inventories averaged 1.17 and 1.74 for cores E-30 and G-32, respectively. This permitted CH accumulation rates to be corrected for focusing. Apparent molecular diffusion coefficients modeled for many of the CHs were about (1-3) ?? 10-9 cm2/s.","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es00067a009","usgsCitation":"Eisenreich, S.J., Capel, P.D., Robbins, J.A., and Bourbonniere, R., 1989, Accumulation and diagenesis of chlorinated hydrocarbons in lacustrine sediments: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 23, no. 9, p. 1116-1126, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00067a009.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1116","endPage":"1126","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224304,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e672e4b0c8380cd47434","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eisenreich, Steven J.","contributorId":66001,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eisenreich","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6626,"text":"University of Minnesota","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":370722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Capel, Paul D. 0000-0003-1620-5185 capel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1620-5185","contributorId":1002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capel","given":"Paul","email":"capel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":370723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robbins, John A.","contributorId":97583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bourbonniere, R.","contributorId":61572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bourbonniere","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70122951,"text":"70122951 - 1989 - On the selection of sediment transport equations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-29T13:53:48","indexId":"70122951","displayToPublicDate":"1989-08-14T13:52:28","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"On the selection of sediment transport equations","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkTitle":"Sediment transport modeling: Proceedings of International Symposium","conferenceTitle":"Sediment transport modeling","conferenceDate":"1989-08-14T00:00:00","conferenceLocation":"New Orleans, LA","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","usgsCitation":"Milhous, R.T., 1989, On the selection of sediment transport equations, 6 p.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":293206,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"540193cbe4b0ae951d960626","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milhous, Robert T.","contributorId":28646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milhous","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70123385,"text":"70123385 - 1989 - Effects of herbage removal on productivity of selected high-Sierra meadow community types","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-04T10:09:10","indexId":"70123385","displayToPublicDate":"1989-08-01T10:04:58","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of herbage removal on productivity of selected high-Sierra meadow community types","docAbstract":"We investigated the effects of herbage removal on three subalpine meadow plant communities in the Rock Creek drainage of Sequoia National Park, California, USA. In the xeric Carex exserta Mkze. (short-hair sedge) type, annual aboveground productivity averaged 19 g/m2 in control plots (clipped once after plant senescence in late September) over a five-year period. Annual aboveground productivity was enhanced about 30%–35% when plots in this community type were clipped more frequently (i.e., “additional” herbage removal in the early, mid, and late seasons) during each of four treatment years but was reduced by 13%–19% during a fifth (recovery) year in which all but late September clipping was suspended. In a moderately mesic Eleocharis pauciflora (Lightf.) Link. (few-flowered spike rush)-Calamagrostis breweri Thurb. (short-hair grass) type, control plot productivity averaged 115 g/m2/yr and was reduced by 20–30% by the additional herbage removal. A more mesic Deschampsia caespitosa (L.) Beauv. (tufted hairgrass)-Carex rostrata Stokes, (beaked sedge) type had the greatest mean above-ground productivity (169 g/m2/yr) but also showed damage (i.e., decrease in productivity by 15%–20%) caused by the additional herbage removal. These data suggest that long-term, intensive herbage removal may be more detrimental to moderately mesic and mesic subalpine meadow community types than to xeric types.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1007/BF01867682","usgsCitation":"Stohlgren, T.J., DeBenedetti, S.H., and Parsons, D.J., 1989, Effects of herbage removal on productivity of selected high-Sierra meadow community types: Environmental Management, v. 13, no. 4, p. 485-491, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01867682.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"485","endPage":"491","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":293364,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293363,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01867682"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sequoia National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.919577,36.291376 ], [ -118.919577,36.70081 ], [ -118.234767,36.70081 ], [ -118.234767,36.291376 ], [ -118.919577,36.291376 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"13","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542a74d7e4b01535cb42762a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stohlgren, Thomas J. 0000-0001-9696-4450 stohlgrent@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9696-4450","contributorId":2902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stohlgren","given":"Thomas","email":"stohlgrent@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeBenedetti, Steven H.","contributorId":28906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeBenedetti","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parsons, David J.","contributorId":39249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70188702,"text":"70188702 - 1989 - Slope movements triggered by heavy rainfall, November 3–5, 1985, in Virginia and West Virginia, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-21T13:54:59","indexId":"70188702","displayToPublicDate":"1989-07-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1727,"text":"GSA Special Papers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Slope movements triggered by heavy rainfall, November 3–5, 1985, in Virginia and West Virginia, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"

Study of slope movements triggered by the storm of November 3–5, 1985, in the central Appalachian Mountains, U.S.A., has helped to define the meteorologic conditions leading to slope movements and the relative importance of land cover, bedrock, surficial geology, and geomorphology in slope movement location. This long-duration rainfall at moderate intensities triggered more than 1,000 slope movements in a 1,040-km2 study area. Most were shallow slips and slip-flows in thin colluvium and residuum on shale slopes. Locations of these failures were sensitive to land cover and slope aspect but were relatively insensitive to topographic setting. A few shallow slope movements were triggered by the same rainfall on interbedded limestone, shale, and sandstone. Several large debris slide-avalanches were triggered in sandstone regolith high on ridges in areas of the highest measured rainfall. Most of these sites were on slopes that dip 30 to 35° and lie parallel to bedding planes, presumably the sites of least stability.

","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/SPE236-p1","usgsCitation":"Jacobson, R.B., Cron, E.D., and McGeehin, J.P., 1989, Slope movements triggered by heavy rainfall, November 3–5, 1985, in Virginia and West Virginia, U.S.A.: GSA Special Papers, v. 236, p. 1-14, https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE236-p1.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"14","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342723,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia, West Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Wills Mountains anticline study area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79.75387573242188,\n 38.25651475638941\n ],\n [\n -79.30068969726561,\n 38.88141217155417\n ],\n [\n -79.38446044921875,\n 38.91988697357693\n ],\n [\n -79.83489990234375,\n 38.29424797320529\n ],\n [\n -79.75387573242188,\n 38.25651475638941\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"236","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"594b85b7e4b062508e382bb4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jacobson, Robert B. 0000-0002-8368-2064 rjacobson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8368-2064","contributorId":1289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobson","given":"Robert","email":"rjacobson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cron, Elizabeth D.","contributorId":193169,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cron","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGeehin, John P. mcgeehin@usgs.gov","contributorId":140956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGeehin","given":"John","email":"mcgeehin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":698961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5222289,"text":"5222289 - 1989 - Postfledging survival of European starlings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-18T15:42:35.700444","indexId":"5222289","displayToPublicDate":"1989-06-01T12:19:11","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Postfledging survival of European starlings","docAbstract":"

We tested the hypotheses that mass at fledging and fledge date within the breeding season affect postfledging survival in European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris). Nestlings were weighed on day 18 after hatch and tagged with individually identifiable patagial tags. Fledge date was recorded. Marked fledglings were resighted during weekly two—day intensive observation periods for >9 wk postfledging. Postfledging survival and sighting probabilities were estimated for each of four groups (early or late fledging by heavy or light fledging mass). Body mass was related to postfledging survival for birds that fledged early. Results were not clear—cut for relative fledge date, although there was weak evidence that this also influenced survival. Highest survival probability estimates occurred in the EARLY—HEAVY group while the lowest survival estimate occurred in the LATE—NIGHT group. Sighting probabilities differed significantly among groups, emphasizing the need to estimate and compare survival using models which explicitly incorporate sighting probabilities.

","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.2307/1940216","usgsCitation":"Krementz, D.G., Nichols, J.D., and Hines, J.E., 1989, Postfledging survival of European starlings: Ecology, v. 70, no. 3, p. 646-655, https://doi.org/10.2307/1940216.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"646","endPage":"655","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197540,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c66c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krementz, David G. 0000-0002-5661-4541 dkrementz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5661-4541","contributorId":2827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krementz","given":"David","email":"dkrementz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":335997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, James D. 0000-0002-7631-2890 jnichols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":140652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":335995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hines, James E. 0000-0001-5478-7230 jhines@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":146530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"James","email":"jhines@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":335996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70123398,"text":"70123398 - 1989 - Stream temperature investigations: field and analytic methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-04T11:18:57","indexId":"70123398","displayToPublicDate":"1989-06-01T11:13:37","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesNumber":"Biological Report 89(17)","title":"Stream temperature investigations: field and analytic methods","docAbstract":"

This document provides guidance to the user of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service’s Stream Network Temperature Model (SNTEMP). Planning a temperature study is discussed in terms of understanding the management objectives and ensuring that the questions will be accurately answered with the modeling approach being used.

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A sensitivity analysis of SNTEMP is presented to illustrate which input variables are most important in predicting stream temperatures. This information helps prioritize data collection activities, highlights the need for quality control, focuses on which parameters can be estimated rather than measured, and offers a broader perspective on management options in terms of knowing where the biggest temperature response will be felt.

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All of the major input variables for stream geometry, meteorology, and hydrology are discussed in detail. Each variable is defined, with guidance given on how to measure it, what kind of equipment to use, where to obtain it from another agency, and how to calculate it if the data are in a form other than that required by SNTEMP. Examples are presented for the various forms in which water temperature, discharge, and meteorological data are commonly found. Ranges of values for certain input variables that are difficult to measure of estimate are given. Particular attention is given to those variables not commonly understood by field biologists likely to be involved in a stream temperature study. Pertinent literature is cited for each variable, with emphasis on how other people have treated particular problems and on results they have found.

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Model calibration, verification, and validation steps are defined and outlines, with measures of \"goodness-of-fit\" given for comparing simulated stream temperatures with observed values. The question of how good is good enough is explored, and attention is given to the kinds of simulation and data reduction errors that one should be alert for.

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Some special cases dealing with ice and reservoir temperature are mentioned. Special attention is given to understanding micro-thermal habitats that act as important thermal refugia under low flow conditions; their causes, extent, and management implications are discussed.

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Alternative public domain stream and reservoir temperature models are contrasted with SNTEMP. A distinction is made between steady-flow and dynamic-flow models and their respective capabilities. Regression models are offered as an alternative approach for some situations, with appropriate mathematical formulas suggested.

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\n

Appendices provide information on State and Federal agencies that are good data sources, vendors for field instrumentation, and small computer programs useful in data reduction.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Bartholow, J., 1989, Stream temperature investigations: field and analytic methods, 139 p.","productDescription":"139 p.","numberOfPages":"139","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":293379,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542a7550e4b01535cb427bb5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartholow, J.M.","contributorId":54530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartholow","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70233980,"text":"70233980 - 1989 - An exact anelastic model for the free-surface reflection of P and S-I waves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-28T14:35:02.878483","indexId":"70233980","displayToPublicDate":"1989-06-01T09:28:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"An exact anelastic model for the free-surface reflection of P and S-I waves","title":"An exact anelastic model for the free-surface reflection of P and S-I waves","docAbstract":"

Exact anelastic solutions incorporating inhomogeneous waves are used to model numerically S-I and P waves incident on the free surface of a low-loss anelastic half-space. Anelastic free-surface reflection coefficients are computed for the volumetric strain and displacement components of inhomogeneous wave fields. For the problem of an incident homogeneous S-I wave in Pierre shale, the largest strain and displacement amplitudes for the reflected P wave occur at angles of incidence for which the particle motion for the reflected inhomogeneous P wave is elliptical (minor/major axis = 0.6), the specific absorption (QP−1) is greater (300 per cent) and the velocity is less (25 per cent) than those for a corresponding homogeneous P wave, the direction of phase propagation is not parallel to the free surface, and the amplitude of the wave shows a significant increase with depth (6 per cent in one wavelength). Energy reflection coefficients computed for this low-loss anelastic model show that energy flow due to interaction of the incident and reflected waves reach maxima (30 per cent of the incident energy) near large but nongrazing angles of incidence. For the problem of an incident homogeneous P wave in Pierre shale, the inhomogeneity of the reflected S wave is shown not to contribute to significant variations in wave field characteristics over those that would be expected for a homogeneous wave.

","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0790030842","usgsCitation":"Borcherdt, R.D., and Glassmoyer, G., 1989, An exact anelastic model for the free-surface reflection of P and S-I waves: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 79, no. 3, p. 842-859, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0790030842.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"842","endPage":"859","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":404543,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"79","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1989-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Borcherdt, Roger D. 0000-0002-8668-0849 borcherdt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8668-0849","contributorId":2373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borcherdt","given":"Roger","email":"borcherdt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":847766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Glassmoyer, G.","contributorId":62751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glassmoyer","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":847767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70206756,"text":"70206756 - 1989 - Estimating water‐table altitudes for regional ground‐water flow modeling, U.S. Gulf Coast","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-22T07:16:07","indexId":"70206756","displayToPublicDate":"1989-05-31T09:08:33","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating water‐table altitudes for regional ground‐water flow modeling, U.S. Gulf Coast","docAbstract":"

Water‐table altitude, a controlling factor for ground‐ water flow, was estimated from detailed topographic data by subtracting the estimated depth‐to‐water. Land‐surface altitude of the Coastal Plain in the south‐central United States varies from 0 to more than 800 feet above sea level. Predevelopment depth‐to‐water in 6,825 wells less than 150 feet deep averages 25.7 feet (standard deviation, 19.5 feet). Most water‐table‐altitude variation is due to variation in land‐surface altitude and not due to variation in depth‐to‐ water. Digital topographic data, from 1:250,000 scale maps for every 30 seconds of latitude and longitude are available for the continental United States. About 90 altitudes were averaged for each 25‐square‐mile block of a rectangular grid used for ground‐water flow modeling. Multiple linear regressions of predevelopment water‐level data and topographic data were used to derive empirical equations relating water‐table altitude to topography. The regression method was more consistent, efficient, and accurate than manually digitizing values from manually contoured water‐table maps. Water‐table maps usually are prepared from few data that are concentrated in topographically flat areas. Manually digitizing water‐table maps on a regional scale introduces additional error. About 35 percent of the water‐table altitudes obtained manually were greater than average land‐surface altitudes from topographic data. The mean difference between water‐table altitudes from the two methods was less than 10 feet, which indicates no systematic error was incorporated in the regression method. Copyright © 1989, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved

","language":"English ","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1989.tb00457.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Williams, T., and Williamson, A.K., 1989, Estimating water‐table altitudes for regional ground‐water flow modeling, U.S. Gulf Coast: Groundwater, v. 27, no. 3, p. 333-340, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1989.tb00457.x.","productDescription":"8 p. ","startPage":"333","endPage":"340","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":369378,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico coast","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.2509765625,\n 25.958044673317843\n ],\n [\n -96.8994140625,\n 25.760319754713887\n ],\n [\n -96.8994140625,\n 26.194876675795218\n ],\n [\n -96.85546875,\n 27.0982539061379\n ],\n [\n -96.50390625,\n 27.916766641249065\n ],\n [\n -95.4052734375,\n 28.497660832963472\n ],\n [\n -93.6474609375,\n 29.305561325527698\n ],\n [\n -92.46093749999999,\n 29.305561325527698\n ],\n [\n -90.5712890625,\n 28.613459424004414\n ],\n [\n -88.3740234375,\n 28.729130483430154\n ],\n [\n -88.9013671875,\n 29.84064389983441\n ],\n [\n -86.5283203125,\n 29.878755346037977\n ],\n [\n -85.2978515625,\n 29.152161283318915\n ],\n [\n -83.84765625,\n 29.49698759653577\n ],\n [\n -83.408203125,\n 28.420391085674304\n ],\n [\n -83.14453125,\n 27.566721430409707\n ],\n [\n -82.79296874999999,\n 26.78484736105119\n ],\n [\n -81.5625,\n 25.16517336866393\n ],\n [\n -81.7822265625,\n 24.407137917727667\n ],\n [\n -80.37597656249999,\n 24.56710835257599\n ],\n [\n -80.68359375,\n 25.403584973186703\n ],\n [\n -81.38671875,\n 26.194876675795218\n ],\n [\n -81.34277343749999,\n 26.03704188651584\n ],\n [\n -82.1337890625,\n 27.0982539061379\n ],\n [\n -82.353515625,\n 28.188243641850313\n ],\n [\n -82.6171875,\n 29.152161283318915\n ],\n [\n -83.7158203125,\n 30.221101852485987\n ],\n [\n -84.8583984375,\n 30.14512718337613\n ],\n [\n -85.4296875,\n 30.713503990354965\n ],\n [\n -88.11035156249999,\n 30.86451022625836\n ],\n [\n -90.703125,\n 30.14512718337613\n ],\n [\n -93.1640625,\n 30.14512718337613\n ],\n [\n -95.09765625,\n 29.99300228455108\n ],\n [\n -97.646484375,\n 28.22697003891834\n ],\n [\n -98.1298828125,\n 26.352497858154024\n ],\n [\n -97.2509765625,\n 25.958044673317843\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"27","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, T.A.","contributorId":220766,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williamson, A. K.","contributorId":57872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williamson","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015421,"text":"70015421 - 1989 - Application of the Graphic Correlation method to Pliocene marine sequences","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-02T16:44:51.289376","indexId":"70015421","displayToPublicDate":"1989-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2673,"text":"Marine Micropaleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of the Graphic Correlation method to Pliocene marine sequences","docAbstract":"
Biostratigraphy — the use of paleontological evidence to establish relative chronologies, forms the cornerstone of many sedimentary geological investigations. Several different approaches to biochronology are available. Traditional interval zones, defined on lowest and/or highest occurrences of selected taxa, are used to place bodies of rock in a relative chronological framework. Fossil datum levels, which are more numerous than zones, are often used as chronohorizons for correlation purposs. The Graphic Correlation method, like interval zonations, synthesizes information from a number of different taxa but does not assume synchrony of any one taxon. A magnetobiostratigraphic model for deep-sea Pliocene sequences has been constructed by graphic correlation of Deep Sea Drilling project cores from the North Atlantic (606), Caribbean Sea (502), South Atlantic (516), Tasman Sea (590), Equatorial Pacific (573) and North Pacific (577). All cores are hydraulic piston cores which contain abundant planktonic foraminifers, calcareous nannofossils and which record many of the magnetic reversals expected in the Pliocene. The model is based on internally consistent paleontologic data gathered by the author.

This study demonstrates the advantages of graphic correlation over conventional biostratigraphic procedures. Accurate inter-regional correlations can be made between core sites without resorting to multiple microfossil zonations and without invoking synchrony of fossil events. Important results of this study are: (1) many Pliocene planktonic foraminifer and calcareous nannofossil events are diachronous by more than 0.20 m.y., (2)Globorotalia truncatulinoides first occurs in the Southwest Pacific Ocean, approximately 0.50 m.y. earlier than previously reported, (3) a previously undetected hiatus of short duration (0.38 m.y.) exists just above the Cochiti subchron at DSDP 577A.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0377-8398(89)90030-3","usgsCitation":"Dowsett, H., 1989, Application of the Graphic Correlation method to Pliocene marine sequences: Marine Micropaleontology, v. 14, no. 1-3, p. 3-32, https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-8398(89)90030-3.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"32","costCenters":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":223715,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ecb3e4b0c8380cd49434","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dowsett, H.J. 0000-0003-1983-7524","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1983-7524","contributorId":87924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dowsett","given":"H.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70209833,"text":"70209833 - 1989 - Crustal studies using magnetic data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-30T15:54:58.841807","indexId":"70209833","displayToPublicDate":"1989-04-30T10:42:50","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1726,"text":"GSA Memoirs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crustal studies using magnetic data","docAbstract":"

The magnetic method plays an important role in mineral, petroleum, and geothermal exploration. It also has made important contributions to geologic mapping, structural geology, and plate-tectonic theory. In particular, magnetic measurements using aircraft provide a relatively inexpensive way to trace magnetic rock units beneath covered areas, to reveal the shape of subsurface magnetic bodies, and to interpolate subsurface geologic information between widely spaced seismic data and other localized geophysical measurements. Computerized interpretation procedures currently fall into two categores: techniques designed to enhance the data, which include various display and filtering procedures, and modeling experiments, which may be either forward (trial-and-error) or inverse in nature.

","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/MEM172-p45","usgsCitation":"Blakely, R.J., and Connard, G., 1989, Crustal studies using magnetic data: GSA Memoirs, v. 172, p. 45-60, https://doi.org/10.1130/MEM172-p45.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"45","endPage":"60","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374402,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"172","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blakely, Richard J. 0000-0003-1701-5236 blakely@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1701-5236","contributorId":1540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blakely","given":"Richard","email":"blakely@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":788220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Connard, G.","contributorId":18025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connard","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":788221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70209801,"text":"70209801 - 1989 - Isostatic residual gravity and crustal geology of the United States ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-30T17:14:02.159919","indexId":"70209801","displayToPublicDate":"1989-04-29T11:07:11","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1726,"text":"GSA Memoirs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isostatic residual gravity and crustal geology of the United States ","docAbstract":"

A new isostatic residual gravity map of the conterminous United States presents continent-wide gravity data in a form that can be readily used, with geologic information and other geophysical data, in studies of the composition and structure of the continental crust. This map was produced from the gridded gravity data on which the recently released Gravity Anomaly Map of the United States is based. About 1 million onland and 0.8 million offshore gravity observations interpolated to a 4- by 4-km grid serve as the basis for both maps. The Airy-Heiskanen model of isostatic compensation of topography applied to topographic and bathymetric data averaged over 5- by 5-min compartments was used to remove, to first order, the large, long-wavelength Bouguer gravity anomalies caused by deep density distributions that support topographic loads. The parameters used in the Airy-Heiskanen model were topographic density, 2.67 g/cm3; sea-level crustal thickness, 30 km; and density contrast across the base of the model crust, 0.35 g/cm3.

Many of the conspicuous short-wavelength anomalies (widths less than several hundred kilometers) on the isostatic residual gravity map correlate with mapped or near-surface geologic features, and primarily reflect shallow-density distributions rather than any departures from isostatic equilibrium. In general, gravity highs occur over (1) mafic igneous bodies emplaced in rift or magmatic arc settings or as isolated intrusions controlled by structures; (2) accreted slices of mafic oceanic, island-arc, or transitional crust; and (3) uplifted crystalline basement. Gravity lows are found over (1) thick bodies of felsic intrusive or extrusive rocks; (2) sedimentary deposits in extensional, convergent, or transform settings; and (3) depressed crystalline basement. Anomalies with widths as much as 1,000 km or more also appear to reflect crustal properties in many cases—several broad gravity highs are associated with crust having a high average seismic wave velocity, and comparable broad gravity lows occur over areas of low average seismic velocity.

Alternative ways of viewing the isostatic residual gravity data provide additional information about density distributions in the crust. The first-vertical derivative map accentuates gravity anomalies over shallow, abrupt density changes at the expense of those resulting from deeper or more gradual density transitions. The maximum horizontal gradient map contains information about the locations of pronounced density boundaries. Two-dimensional spectral analysis of the gravity data provides a quantitative means for identifying dominant fabrics in the gravity field and for distinguishing various terranes from each other.

Neither Bouguer nor isostatic residual gravity anomalies are particularly well suited for practical modeling of deep structure in conjunction with deep seismic information. However, a scheme in which the entire Earth outside the area of interest is approximated by laterally homogeneous layers and isostatically compensated topography, and in which the area of interest is modeled using the seismic constraints applied in a two-and-one-half-dimensional geometry, holds promise for exploiting useful features of both the Bouguer and isostatic residual gravity anomalies.

","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.1130/MEM172-p405","usgsCitation":"Jachens, R.C., Simpson, R.W., Blakely, R.J., and Saltus, R.W., 1989, Isostatic residual gravity and crustal geology of the United States : GSA Memoirs, v. 172, p. 405-424, https://doi.org/10.1130/MEM172-p405.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"405","endPage":"424","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374358,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"conterminous United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"MultiPolygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n [\n -94.81758,\n 49.38905\n ],\n [\n 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simpson@usgs.gov","contributorId":1053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simpson","given":"Robert","email":"simpson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":788085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blakely, Richard J. 0000-0003-1701-5236 blakely@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1701-5236","contributorId":1540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blakely","given":"Richard","email":"blakely@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":788086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Saltus, Richard W. saltus@usgs.gov","contributorId":777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saltus","given":"Richard","email":"saltus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":788087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70015546,"text":"70015546 - 1989 - Regression models for estimating urban storm-runoff quality and quantity in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-24T16:38:47.224298","indexId":"70015546","displayToPublicDate":"1989-04-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regression models for estimating urban storm-runoff quality and quantity in the United States","docAbstract":"

Urban planners and managers need information about the local quantity of precipitation and the quality and quantity of storm runoff if they are to plan adequately for the effects of storm runoff from urban areas. As result of this need, linear regression models were developed for the estimation of storm-runoff loads and volumes from physical, land-use, and climatic characteristics of urban watersheds throughout the United States. Three statistically different regions were delineated, based on mean annual rainfall, to improve linear regression models. One use of these models is to estimate storm-runoff loads and volumes are gaged and ungaged urban watersheds.

The most significant explanatory variables in all linear regression models were total storm rainfall and total contributing drainage area. Impervious area, land-use, and mean annual climatic characteristics were also significant explanatory variables in some linear regression models. Models for dissolved solids, total nitrogen, and total ammonia plus organic nitrogen as nitrogen were the most accurate models for most areas, whereas models for suspended solids were the least accurate. The most accurate models were those for the more arid western United States, and the least accurate were those for areas that had large quantities of mean annual rainfall.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(89)90017-6","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Driver, N.E., and Troutman, B., 1989, Regression models for estimating urban storm-runoff quality and quantity in the United States: Journal of Hydrology, v. 109, no. 3-4, p. 221-236, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(89)90017-6.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"221","endPage":"236","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224159,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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E.","contributorId":63398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Driver","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Troutman, B.M.","contributorId":73638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Troutman","given":"B.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70209254,"text":"70209254 - 1989 - Estimates of the suspended sediment reference concentration (Ca) and resuspension coefficient (γ0) from near-bottom observations on the California shelf","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-25T13:52:52","indexId":"70209254","displayToPublicDate":"1989-03-25T13:36:58","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1333,"text":"Continental Shelf Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Estimates of the suspended sediment reference concentration (Ca) and resuspension coefficient (γ0) from near-bottom observations on the California shelf","title":"Estimates of the suspended sediment reference concentration (Ca) and resuspension coefficient (γ0) from near-bottom observations on the California shelf","docAbstract":"

Near-bottom current and suspended sediment measurements above a sandy clayey silt bed on the California continental shelf are used to estimate the near-bed suspended sediment reference concentration, Ca, and the bed shear stress, τ0. A proposed model contends that Ca should be proportional to the normalized excess shear stress acting on the sediment grains and to the availability of erodible grains in the bed. The coefficient of proportionality (γ0) in this model is estimated for 10 erosion events and is found to range from about 1.5 × 10−5 to 3 × 10−4. Moreover, the estimated γ0 values appear to be inversely proportional to the excess bed shear stress. This result suggests that other factors, such as bed armoring and grain cohesion, inhibited the resuspension of particles at the relatively higher shear stresses.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0278-4343(89)90082-4","usgsCitation":"Drake, D., and Cacchione, D., 1989, Estimates of the suspended sediment reference concentration (Ca) and resuspension coefficient (γ0) from near-bottom observations on the California shelf: Continental Shelf Research, v. 9, no. 1, p. 51-64, https://doi.org/10.1016/0278-4343(89)90082-4.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"51","endPage":"64","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":373523,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"California Shelf","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.07409667968749,\n 38.13455657705411\n ],\n [\n -122.7008056640625,\n 38.13455657705411\n ],\n [\n -122.7008056640625,\n 39.05758374935667\n ],\n [\n -124.07409667968749,\n 39.05758374935667\n ],\n [\n -124.07409667968749,\n 38.13455657705411\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drake, D.E.","contributorId":48150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drake","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cacchione, D.A.","contributorId":65448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cacchione","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":785592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015370,"text":"70015370 - 1989 - Heat flow and hydrothermal circulation in the Cascade Range, north-central Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-23T16:35:24.375344","indexId":"70015370","displayToPublicDate":"1989-03-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Heat flow and hydrothermal circulation in the Cascade Range, north-central Oregon","docAbstract":"

In north-central Oregon a large area of near-zero near-surface conductive heat flow occurs in young volcanic rocks of the Cascade Range. Recent advective heat flux measurements and a heat-budget analysis suggest that ground-water circulation sweeps sufficient heat out of areas where rocks younger than 6 Ma (million years ago) are exposed to account for the anomalously high advective and conductive heat discharge measured in older rocks at lower elevations. Earlier workers have proposed that an extensive midcrustal magmatic heat source is responsible for this anomalously high heat flow. Instead, high heat flow in the older rocks may be a relatively shallow phenomenon caused by regional ground-water flow. Any deeper anomaly may be relatively narrow, spatially variable, and essentially confined to the Quaternary (less than 2 Ma) arc. Magmatic intrusion at a rate of 9 to 33 cubic kilometers per kilometer of arc length per million years can account for the total heat flow anomaly. Deep drilling in the areas of high heat flow in the older rocks could indicate which model is more appropriate for the near-surface heat flow data.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.243.4897.1458","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Ingebritsen, S.E., Sherrod, D.R., and Mariner, R.H., 1989, Heat flow and hydrothermal circulation in the Cascade Range, north-central Oregon: Science, v. 243, no. 4897, p. 1458-1462, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.243.4897.1458.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1458","endPage":"1462","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223659,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Cascade Range, north-central Oregon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.36895699027075,\n 45.72875753720362\n ],\n [\n -123.36895699027075,\n 44.096018053899115\n ],\n [\n -122.48242014281948,\n 44.096018053899115\n ],\n [\n -122.48242014281948,\n 45.72875753720362\n ],\n [\n -123.36895699027075,\n 45.72875753720362\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"243","issue":"4897","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2ff8e4b0c8380cd5d274","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ingebritsen, S. E.","contributorId":8078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingebritsen","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sherrod, D. R.","contributorId":44559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrod","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mariner, Robert H.","contributorId":81075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mariner","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70015059,"text":"70015059 - 1989 - Earthquake hazard after a mainshock in California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-23T16:50:43.906032","indexId":"70015059","displayToPublicDate":"1989-03-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earthquake hazard after a mainshock in California","docAbstract":"After a strong earthquake, the possibility of the occurrence of either significant aftershocks or an even stronger mainshock is a continuing hazard that threatens the resumption of critical services and reoccupation of essential but partially damaged structures. A stochastic parametric model allows determination of probabilities for aftershocks and larger mainshocks during intervals following the mainshock. The probabilities depend strongly on the model parameters, which are estimated with Bayesian statistics from both the ongoing aftershock sequence and from a suite of historic California aftershock sequences. Probabilities for damaging aftershocks and greater mainshocks are typically well-constrained after the first day of the sequence, with accuracy increasing with time.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.243.4895.1173","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Reasenberg, P.A., and Jones, L.M., 1989, Earthquake hazard after a mainshock in California: Science, v. 243, no. 4895, p. 1173-1176, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.243.4895.1173.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1173","endPage":"1176","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224130,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"243","issue":"4895","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a04eee4b0c8380cd50b9c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reasenberg, Paul A.","contributorId":35760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reasenberg","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, Lucille M.","contributorId":172401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Lucille","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false},{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":369962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70123423,"text":"70123423 - 1989 - Dual flow habitat model: a new method for evaluating high flows, low flows, and ramping rates on the Salmon River, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-04T13:30:18","indexId":"70123423","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-13T13:28:27","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Dual flow habitat model: a new method for evaluating high flows, low flows, and ramping rates on the Salmon River, New York","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the HARZA instream flow workshop, IFIM symposium","conferenceTitle":"IFIM symposium: a workshop and symposium on the instream flow incremetal method","conferenceDate":"1989-01-12T00:00:00","conferenceLocation":"Chicago, IL","language":"English","publisher":"Harza Engineering Co.","publisherLocation":"Chicago, IL","usgsCitation":"Milhous, R.T., 1989, Dual flow habitat model: a new method for evaluating high flows, low flows, and ramping rates on the Salmon River, New York.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":293404,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542a74cde4b01535cb4275e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milhous, Robert T.","contributorId":28646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milhous","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70123171,"text":"70123171 - 1989 - A simulation model of water and salt balance at Bowdoin National Wildlife Refuge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-02T12:39:44","indexId":"70123171","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T12:38:15","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesNumber":"NERC-89/08","title":"A simulation model of water and salt balance at Bowdoin National Wildlife Refuge","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","usgsCitation":"Hamilton, D.B., Roelle, J.E., and Schafer, W., 1989, A simulation model of water and salt balance at Bowdoin National Wildlife Refuge, 69 p.","productDescription":"69 p.","numberOfPages":"69","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":293294,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Bowdoin National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.736904,48.362249 ], [ -107.736904,48.438173 ], [ -107.562875,48.438173 ], [ -107.562875,48.362249 ], [ -107.736904,48.362249 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5406d9c1e4b044dc0e8288fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamilton, D. B.","contributorId":79553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roelle, J. E.","contributorId":91066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roelle","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schafer, W.M.","contributorId":85097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schafer","given":"W.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70100276,"text":"70100276 - 1989 - Subsurface-water flow and solute transport: federal glossary of selected terms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-22T10:16:01","indexId":"70100276","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T12:37:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Subsurface-water flow and solute transport: federal glossary of selected terms","docAbstract":"

The purpose of this report is to provide a glossary of selected terms for saturated and unsaturated flow and related processes involved in transport of contaminants in the subsurface. The glossary contains five tables. Table 1 is a list of parameters with associated symbols and units. Tables 2 to 5 are conversion charts. The original manuscript was prepared by Thomas J. Nicholson, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. It was subsequently examined by the Ground-Water Glossary Working Group and experts within and outside the Federal Government, whose recommendations were accommodated where appropriate in the glossary. It is hoped that the glossary will aid in the communications between soil scientists, hydrologists, and hydrogeologists.

\n

The terms defined in the glossary were selected after an extensive survey of glossaries and reports in the areas of (1) ground-water geology, hydraulics, and chemistry, (2) soil-water physics and chemistry, (3) contaminant transport, (4) unsaturated-zone hydrology, (5) chemistry and transport of solutes, and (6) ground-water quality. Some of the definitions have been modified for clarity from a variety of technical sources. Where more than one definition appears for the selected term, the first one was determined by the working group to be the most appropriate general definition, followed by other, more specialized, definitions. Some terms and definitions are not currently in use by all agencies; however, they are included in the glossary because they can be found in the literature. The reader is encouraged to consult with the original source cited for more explanatory comments. Additional regulatory definitions, which are underlined and are taken directly from the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) and Federal laws (USC), were added following review by the various Federal agencies in May 1986.

\n

The definitions and conversion charts are from two principal sources provided herein. The first is the 11Glossary11 compiled by A. I. Johnson in the 1981 report by the American Society of Testing and Materials titled Permeability and Groundwater Contaminant Transport. The second is Manu a 1 40, 11Ground-water Management, 11 produced by the American Society of Civil Engineers in 1985.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70100276","usgsCitation":"Isensee, A.R., Johnson, L., Thornhill, J., Nicholson, T.J., Meyer, G., Vecchioli, J., and Laney, R., 1989, Subsurface-water flow and solute transport: federal glossary of selected terms, iii, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70100276.","productDescription":"iii, 38 p.","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":309917,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70100276.PNG"},{"id":310364,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70100276/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53559597e4b0120853e8c232","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Isensee, Alan R.","contributorId":149234,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Isensee","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Lynn","contributorId":149235,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Lynn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thornhill, Jerry","contributorId":149236,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thornhill","given":"Jerry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nicholson, Thomas J.","contributorId":77790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nicholson","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Meyer, Gerald","contributorId":76721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Gerald","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Vecchioli, John","contributorId":36113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vecchioli","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Laney, Robert","contributorId":149237,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Laney","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70123402,"text":"70123402 - 1989 - Instream habitat modeling techniques","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-04T11:39:00","indexId":"70123402","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T11:38:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Instream habitat modeling techniques","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Alternatives in regulative river management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"CRC Press","publisherLocation":"Boca Raton, FL","usgsCitation":"Nestler, J., Milhous, R.T., and Layzer, J., 1989, Instream habitat modeling techniques, chap. of Alternatives in regulative river management, p. 295-298.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"295","endPage":"298","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":293385,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542a74f1e4b01535cb427820","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nestler, J.M.","contributorId":85685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nestler","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Milhous, Robert T.","contributorId":28646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milhous","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Layzer, J.B.","contributorId":53878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Layzer","given":"J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70006473,"text":"70006473 - 1989 - Hybridization of ciscoes (Coregonus spp.) in Lake Huron","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-21T12:52:37","indexId":"70006473","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T10:45:36","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hybridization of ciscoes (Coregonus spp.) in Lake Huron","docAbstract":"

Gill raker number and length were compared for lake herring, Coregonus artedii LeSueur, and bloater, Coregonus hoyi (Gill), collected in 1917, 1956, and 1984-1985 at four locations in western Lake Huron to examine the effects of suspected introgressive hybridization on these distinctive species characters. Gill raker length showed no change from 1917 to 1984-1985, but gill raker number became similar in the two species over that period. Between 1917 and 1984-1985, mean gill raker counts decreased from 48.0 to 45.8 in lake herring, but increased from 41.8 to 43.1 in bloaters. The modal count for both species was 43 in 1984-1985. Intermediate gill raker counts were consistent with the hypothesis of hybridization. Bloater abundance increased greatly in the 1980's, but lake herring remained scarce. Under these circumstances, the rare lake herring would be increasingly likely to encounter abundant ripe bloaters during the overlapping spawning seasons of these species, increasing the probability for hybridization. Basic biological differences between the species, such as lower vulnerability of bloaters to commercial harvest, better survival of bloater fry, or greater fecundity of bloaters, may have contributed to the substantially better success of bloaters. Cisco populations are fragile; only the bloater has ever made a strong and sustained recovery after a severe decline. Hybridization with bloaters may impede the recovery of lake herring in Lake Huron.

","language":"English","publisher":"National Research Council of Canada","publisherLocation":"Ottawa, Canada","doi":"10.1139/z89-241","usgsCitation":"Todd, T.N., and Stedman, R.M., 1989, Hybridization of ciscoes (Coregonus spp.) in Lake Huron: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 67, no. 7, p. 1679-1685, https://doi.org/10.1139/z89-241.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1679","endPage":"1685","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289192,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Lake Huron","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -87.897,41.6134 ], [ -87.897,46.5401 ], [ -79.7915,46.5401 ], [ -79.7915,41.6134 ], [ -87.897,41.6134 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"67","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53b286f1e4b07b8813a554c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Todd, Thomas N.","contributorId":42547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Todd","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stedman, Ralph M.","contributorId":60578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stedman","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70006521,"text":"70006521 - 1989 - Hydrological, morphometrical, and biological characteristics of the connecting rivers of the International Great Lakes: a review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-23T11:09:57","indexId":"70006521","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T10:26:18","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"seriesTitle":{"id":429,"text":"Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":12}},"title":"Hydrological, morphometrical, and biological characteristics of the connecting rivers of the International Great Lakes: a review","docAbstract":"

The connecting channels of the Great Lakes are large rivers (1, 200-9, 900 m3 • s-1) with limited tributary drainage systems and relatively stable hydrology (about 2:1 ration of maximum to minimum flow). The rivers, from headwaters to outlet, are the St. Marys, St. Clair, Detroit, Niagara, and St. Lawrence. They share several characteristics with certain other large rivers: the fish stocks that historically congregated for spawning or feeding have been overfished, extensive channel modification have been made, and they have been used as a repository for domestic and industrial wastes and for hydroelectric energy generation. Levels of phosphorus, chlorophyll a, and particulate organic matter increase 3- to 5-fold from the St. Marys River to the St. Lawrence River. Biological communities dependent on nutrients in the water column, such as phytoplankton, periphyton, and zooplankton similarly increase progressively downstream through the system. The standing crop of emergent macrophytes is similar in all of the rivers, reflecting the relatively large nutrient pools in the sediments and atmosphere. Consequently, emergent macrophytes are an important source of organic matter (67% of total primary production) in the nutrient poor waters of the St. Marys River, whereas phytoplankton production dominates (76%) in the enriched St. Lawrence River. Submersed and emergent macrophytes and the associated periphyton are major producers of organic matter in the connecting channels. Another major source of organic matter (measured as ash free dry weight, AFDW) in the Detroit River is sewage, introduced at a rate of 26, 000 t per year. The production of benthos ranges from a low 5.4 g AFDW•m-2 in the Detroit River to a high of 15.5 g AFDW•m-2 in the St. Marys River. The rivers lack the organic transport from riparian sources upstream but receive large amounts of high quality phytoplankton and zooplankton from the Great Lakes.

","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the International Large River Symposium","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the International Large River Symposium","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","usgsCitation":"Edwards, C.J., Hudson, P.L., Duffy, W.G., Nepszy, S.J., McNabb, C.D., Haas, R.C., Liston, C.R., Manny, B., and Busch, W.N., 1989, Hydrological, morphometrical, and biological characteristics of the connecting rivers of the International Great Lakes: a review: Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 25 p.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"240","endPage":"264","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289184,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53b286f1e4b07b8813a554c4","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Dodge, D.P.","contributorId":112637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dodge","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508345,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Edwards, Clayton J.","contributorId":99897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Clayton","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hudson, Patrick L. 0000-0002-7646-443X phudson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7646-443X","contributorId":5616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"Patrick","email":"phudson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Duffy, Walter G. wgd7001@usgs.gov","contributorId":66750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duffy","given":"Walter","email":"wgd7001@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nepszy, Stephen J.","contributorId":40548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nepszy","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McNabb, Clarence D.","contributorId":34977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNabb","given":"Clarence","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Haas, Robert C.","contributorId":97450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haas","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Liston, Charles R.","contributorId":71603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liston","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Manny, Bruce","contributorId":49275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manny","given":"Bruce","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Busch, Wolf-Dieter N.","contributorId":46039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busch","given":"Wolf-Dieter","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70199824,"text":"70199824 - 1989 - Transport and degradation of water-soluble creosote-derived compounds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-20T12:48:02","indexId":"70199824","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T10:16:16","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Transport and degradation of water-soluble creosote-derived compounds","docAbstract":"

Creosote is the most extensively used insecticide and industrial wood preservative today. It is estimated that there are more than 600 wood-preserving plants in the United States, and their collective use of creosote exceeds 4.5xl06 kg/yr (von Rumker et al., 1975). Creosote is a complex mixture of more than 200 major individual organic compounds with differing molecular weights, polarities, and functionalities, along with dispersed solids and products of polymerization (Novotny et al., 1981). The major classes of compounds previously identified in creosote show that it consists of ∼85% (w/w) polynuclear aromatic compounds (PAH), ∼12% phenolic compounds, and ∼3% heterocyclic nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen containing compounds (NSO).

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Intermedia pollutant transport: Modeling and field measurements ","language":"English","publisher":"Plenum","usgsCitation":"Godsy, E.M., Goerlitz, D., and Grbic-Galic, D., 1989, Transport and degradation of water-soluble creosote-derived compounds, chap. of Intermedia pollutant transport: Modeling and field measurements , p. 213-236.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"213","endPage":"236","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":359610,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.springer.com/us/book/9780306432576"},{"id":357933,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bf52b6ce4b045bfcae2802a","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Allen, D.","contributorId":86955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746804,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Godsy, E. Michael","contributorId":45842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godsy","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goerlitz, D.F.","contributorId":8445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goerlitz","given":"D.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grbic-Galic, Dunja","contributorId":33463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grbic-Galic","given":"Dunja","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70210207,"text":"70210207 - 1989 - Seismic methods for determining earthquake source parameters and lithospheric structure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-20T14:46:31.850193","indexId":"70210207","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T09:43:40","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1726,"text":"GSA Memoirs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic methods for determining earthquake source parameters and lithospheric structure","docAbstract":"

The seismologic methods most commonly used in studies of earthquakes and the structure of the continental lithosphere are reviewed in three main sections: earthquake source parameter determinations, the determination of earth structure using natural sources, and controlled-source seismology. The emphasis in each section is on a description of data, the principles behind the analysis techniques, and the assumptions and uncertainties in interpretation. Rather than focusing on future directions in seismology, the goal here is to summarize past and current practice as a companion to the review papers in this volume.

Reliable earthquake hypocenters and focal mechanisms require seismograph locations with a broad distribution in azimuth and distance from the earthquakes; a recording within one focal depth of the epicenter provides excellent hypocentral depth control. For earthquakes of magnitude greater than 4.5, waveform modeling methods may be used to determine source parameters. The seismic moment tensor provides the most complete and accurate measure of earthquake source parameters, and offers a dynamic picture of the faulting process.

Methods for determining the Earth’s structure from natural sources exist for local, regional, and teleseismic sources. One-dimensional models of structure are obtained from body and surface waves using both forward and inverse modeling. Forward-modeling methods include consideration of seismic amplitudes and waveforms, but lack the formal resolution estimates obtained with inverse methods. Two- and three-dimensional lithospheric models are derived using various inverse methods, but at present most of these methods consider only traveltimes of body waves.

Controlled-source studies of the Earth’s structure are generally divided by method into seismic refraction/wide-angle reflection and seismic reflection studies. Seismic refraction profiles are usually interpreted in terms of two-dimensional structure by forward modeling of traveltimes and amplitudes. The refraction method gives excellent estimates of seismic velocities, but relatively low resolution of structure. Formal resolution estimates are not possible for models derived from forward modeling, but informal estimates can be obtained by perturbing the best-fitting model. Inversion methods for seismic refraction data for one-dimensional models are well established, and two- and three-dimensional methods, including tomography, have recently been developed.

Seismic reflection data provide the highest resolution of crustal structure, and have provided many important geological insights in the past decade. The acquisition and processing of these data have been greatly advanced by the hydrocarbon exploration industry. However, reliable crustal velocity control is generally lacking, and the origin of deep crustal reflections remains unclear, resulting in nonunique interpretations. A new form of lithospheric seismology has recently emerged that combines the advantages of seismic refraction and seismic reflection profiles, and the distinction between the two methods is steadily diminishing.

Major challenges for future work will be the collection of data that are more densely sampled in space, and the development of interpretation methods that provide quantitative estimates of the uncertainties in the calculated models.

","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/MEM172-p11","usgsCitation":"Mooney, W.D., 1989, Seismic methods for determining earthquake source parameters and lithospheric structure: GSA Memoirs, v. 172, p. 11-34, https://doi.org/10.1130/MEM172-p11.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"34","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374962,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"172","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mooney, Walter D. 0000-0002-5310-3631 mooney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-3631","contributorId":3194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"Walter","email":"mooney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":789534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}