In this review, we discuss publications during the last quadrennium (1987–1990) that used aeromagnetic data, marine magnetic data, satellite magnetic data, and rock magnetic and petrologic data to provide information on the sources of magnetic anomalies. Abstracts and papers by non‐U.S. authors are not described.
The publications reviewed reflect increased integration of rock magnetic property and petrologic studies with magnetic anomaly interpretation studies, particularly in deep crustal magnetization, exploration for hydrocarbons, and inversion of marine magnetic anomalies. Interpretations of aeromagnetic data featuring image display techniques and using the horizontal gradient method for locating magnetization boundaries became standard. The magnetic anomaly map of North America appeared, the first such map of an entire continent. MAGSAT data contributed to the development of a new model for the magnetization of the oceanic crust. Forward modeling of sources of magnetic anomalies contributed to a wide range of geologic investigations on land, and inverse magnetic modeling techniques became popular for marine geologic investigations.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/rog.1991.29.s1.416","usgsCitation":"Phillips, J., Reynolds, R.J., and Frey, H., 1991, Crustal structure interpreted from magnetic anomalies: Reviews of Geophysics, v. 29, no. S1, p. 416-427, https://doi.org/10.1002/rog.1991.29.s1.416.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"416","endPage":"427","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371283,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"S1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-09-30","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phillips, Jeffrey 0000-0002-6459-2821 jeff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6459-2821","contributorId":127453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jeff@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reynolds, Richard J. 0000-0001-5032-6613 rjreynol@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5032-6613","contributorId":1082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Richard","email":"rjreynol@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Frey, Herbert","contributorId":221663,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Frey","given":"Herbert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70206249,"text":"70206249 - 1991 - Use of processed geophysical data to improve the delineation of infilled scour holes at bridge piers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-28T06:41:21","indexId":"70206249","displayToPublicDate":"1991-12-31T14:25:06","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Use of processed geophysical data to improve the delineation of infilled scour holes at bridge piers","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Expanded abstracts with biographies: 1991 technical program: 61st Annual International SEG Meeting","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"61st Annual International SEG Meeting","conferenceDate":"November 10-14, 1991","conferenceLocation":"Houston,TX","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","usgsCitation":"Haeni, F., and Placzek, G., 1991, Use of processed geophysical data to improve the delineation of infilled scour holes at bridge piers, in Expanded abstracts with biographies: 1991 technical program: 61st Annual International SEG Meeting, Houston,TX, November 10-14, 1991, p. 549-552.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"549","endPage":"552","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":368623,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haeni, F.P.","contributorId":87105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeni","given":"F.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Placzek, Gary","contributorId":58295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Placzek","given":"Gary","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70208081,"text":"70208081 - 1991 - USFWS selected geographic analyses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-28T07:37:56","indexId":"70208081","displayToPublicDate":"1991-12-31T12:53:49","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"USFWS selected geographic analyses","docAbstract":"The geographic information system (GIS) used by the National Wetlands Research Center (NWRC) of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has been valuable in assisting natural resource managers in planning and managing coastal fish and wildlife resources. In the past 5 years, NWRC has conducted about 60 studies employing this technology. Applications have ranged from simple natural resource inventories to documentation of trends in wetland changes and complex predictive modeling of impacts of harbor expansion on biological resources. Maps, tables, and data bases from these studies have been presented before local, State, and Congressional committees as well as numerous scientific and public organizations. This paper describes and summarizes selected GIS projects related to resource inventories, analyses of wetland change, and cartographic modeling of coastal areas of the United States.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Coastal zone '91: Proceedings of the seventh symposium on coastal and ocean management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Coastal Zone '91: Seventh Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management","conferenceDate":"July 8-12, 1991","conferenceLocation":"Long Beach, CA","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","isbn":"9780872628090","usgsCitation":"Stayner, F.O., Scurry, J.D., Johnston, J.B., Watzin, M.C., and Roscigno, P.F., 1991, USFWS selected geographic analyses, in Coastal zone '91: Proceedings of the seventh symposium on coastal and ocean management, v. 4, Long Beach, CA, July 8-12, 1991, p. 1968-1980.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1968","endPage":"1980","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371638,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":371584,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://cedb.asce.org/CEDBsearch/record.jsp?dockey=0071490"}],"volume":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stayner, Floyd O.","contributorId":216223,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stayner","given":"Floyd","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":780406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scurry, James D.","contributorId":221241,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scurry","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":780407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnston, James B.","contributorId":78039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":780408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Watzin, Mary C.","contributorId":214534,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Watzin","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":780409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Roscigno, Pasquale F.","contributorId":214752,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roscigno","given":"Pasquale","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":780410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70204269,"text":"70204269 - 1991 - Estimating wintering Bald Eagle densities in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-16T12:55:32","indexId":"70204269","displayToPublicDate":"1991-12-31T12:42:51","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2442,"text":"Journal of Raptor Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating wintering Bald Eagle densities in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley","docAbstract":"Surveys on the winter distribution of Bald Eagles have been concentrated in the northern USA (Hastings 1988, Mattson 1988), where Bald Eagles are most common. Few density estimates for wintering Bald Eagles exist. In the past, different survey techniques with little standardization have been used. Statistical analyses and error measurements of existing winter survey data usually are not possible. The National Wildlife Federation's \"midwinter Bald Eagle survey,\" the largest operational winter survey, is
not systematic. Observers concentrate on areas where large numbers of Bald Eagles winter. We collected Bald Eagle density and distribution data in the Mississippi alluvial valley (MAV) while conducting four regional aerial surveys for Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) during the winters of 1988-89 and 1989-90. Our objectives were to determine if the relatively large sample size and experimental design used in our Mallard surveys would provide accurate population estimates and additional distribution data not provided by current Bald Eagle surveys
Scenarios of global climate change are still ambiguous; however, increasing sea level and atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations seem certain, although rates of change are still being debated. Predictions for other aspects of climate change, such as temperature, tropical storm frequency and intensity, and precipitation, are still in debate, and all predictions for local (e.g., watershed) or regional effects are far from being useful for site-specific planning. While recognizing the weakness of current climate models, especially at regional and local scales, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, in fulfilling its mandate for wildlife habitat protection and maintenance, advocates understanding the processes involved and forecasting potential changes. Because coastal wetlands constitute critical habitat for a significant portion of fish and wildlife under the Service's conservation charge, the Service's National Wetlands Research Center will study some of the most vulnerable coastal habitats of the Southern United States, namely coastal emergent marshes, submerged aquatic vegetation, forested wetlands, and communities of benthic invertebrates. Studies will include developing landscape-level data bases on National Wildlife Refuge wetland complexes along the coasts of the south Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico. Comparisons will be made between accreting and subsiding coastal marshes. Greenhouse and mesocosm experiments will be conducted on key species from each habitat type to determine their responses to elevated inorganic carbon, salinity, temperature, and ultraviolet radiation.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Coastal zone '91 : Proceedings of the seventh symposium on coastal and ocean management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Coastal zone '91 : Seventh Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management","conferenceDate":"July 8-12, 1991","conferenceLocation":"Long Beach, CA","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","isbn":"9780872628090 ","usgsCitation":"Keough, J.R., Doyle, T.W., and Stewart, R.E., 1991, Global climate change: USFWS coastal research, in Coastal zone '91 : Proceedings of the seventh symposium on coastal and ocean management, v. 4, Long Beach, CA, July 8-12, 1991, p. 3163-3177.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"3163","endPage":"3177","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371579,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":371578,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://cedb.asce.org/CEDBsearch/record.jsp?dockey=0073040"}],"volume":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keough, Janet R.","contributorId":49300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keough","given":"Janet","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":780381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Doyle, Thomas W. 0000-0001-5754-0671 doylet@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5754-0671","contributorId":703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doyle","given":"Thomas","email":"doylet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":780382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stewart, Robert E. Jr.","contributorId":72861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"Robert","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":780383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70204129,"text":"70204129 - 1991 - Remote sensing of water quality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-08T12:46:09","indexId":"70204129","displayToPublicDate":"1991-12-31T12:21:36","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Remote sensing of water quality","docAbstract":"Water property data were collected within 3 cooling water reservoirs (active to inactive, large [1,068 ha] to small [68.6 ha]. oligotrophic to eutrophic) at 31 locations. A description of the water characteristics was obtained including algal pigments, total suspended particles, dissolved and particulate organic matter, and total particle absorption spectra. Field data included generated water volume reflectance spectra and secchi depth. Specialized regression techniques were used to derive specific absorption coefficients from measured water property concentrations and total particle absorption spectra. Subsequently, using first order approximations relating water volume reflectance to water intrinsic properties, generated absorption coefficients were combined with an optimization procedure that minimized the difference between the observed and predicted water volume reflectances resulting in specific backscatter coefficient estimates.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"1991 ACSM-ASPRS Annual Convention, Baltimore, MD, Mar. 25-29, 1991, Technical Papers. Vol. 3 - Remote Sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"ACSM-ASPRS Annual Convention","conferenceDate":"Mar 25-29, 1991","conferenceLocation":"Baltimore, MD","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","usgsCitation":"Ramsey III, E., and Jensen, J.R., 1991, Remote sensing of water quality, in 1991 ACSM-ASPRS Annual Convention, Baltimore, MD, Mar. 25-29, 1991, Technical Papers. Vol. 3 - Remote Sensing, Baltimore, MD, Mar 25-29, 1991, p. 363-372.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"363","endPage":"372","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":365341,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Savannah River","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ramsey III, Elijah 0000-0002-4518-5796","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4518-5796","contributorId":204796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramsey III","given":"Elijah","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":765648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jensen, John R.","contributorId":216821,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jensen","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":765649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70195490,"text":"70195490 - 1991 - Modes of cross-shore sediment transport on the shoreface of the Middle Atlantic Bight","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-16T13:59:50","indexId":"70195490","displayToPublicDate":"1991-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modes of cross-shore sediment transport on the shoreface of the Middle Atlantic Bight","docAbstract":"The mechanisms responsible for onshore and offshore sediment fluxes across the shoreface zone seaward of the surf zone were examined in a 3-year field study. The study was conducted in the southern part of the Middle Atlantic Bight in the depth region 7–17 m using instrumented tripods supporting electromagnetic current meters, pressure sensors, suspended sediment concentration sensors, and sonar altimeters. The observations embraced fairweather, moderate energy, swell-dominated, and storm conditions. Cross-shore mean flows ranged from near zero during fairweather to > 20 cm s−1 during the storm; oscillatory flows were on the order of 10 cm s−1 during fairweather and 100 cm s−1 during the storm. Suspended sediment concentrations at about 10 cm above the bed were < 0.1 kg m−3 under fairweather conditions, 1–2 kg m−3 under moderate swell conditions, and > 5 kg m−3 during the storm.
Three methods were applied to evaluate the relative importance of incident waves, long-period oscillations, mean flows and gravity in effecting shoreward or seaward sediment flux: (1) an energetics transport model was applied to instantaneous near-bottom velocity data, (2) higher moments of near-bottom flows were estimated and compared, and (3) suspended sediment fluxes were estimated directly from the instantaneous products of cross-shore velocity and suspended sediment concentration. The results show that measurable contributions were made by all four of the processes. Most significantly, mean flows were seen to dominate and cause offshore fluxes during the storm and to contribute significantly to onshore and offshore flux during fairweather and moderate energy. Incident waves were, in all cases, the major source of bed shear stress but also caused shoreward as well as seaward net sediment advection. Low-frequency effects involving wave groups and long-period waves made secondary contributions to cross-shore sediment flux. Contrary to expectations, low-frequency fluxes were just as often shoreward as seaward. Whereas cross-correlations between suspended sediment concentration and the instantaneous near-bottom current speed were high and in phase under storm conditions, they were weak and out of phase during fairweather conditions. This suggests that simple energetics models are probably inadequate for predicting fairweather transport of suspended sediment.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-3227(91)90200-N","usgsCitation":"Wright, L., Boon, J.D., Kim, S., and List, J.H., 1991, Modes of cross-shore sediment transport on the shoreface of the Middle Atlantic Bight: Marine Geology, v. 96, no. 1-2, p. 19-51, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(91)90200-N.","productDescription":"33 p.","startPage":"19","endPage":"51","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":351740,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Middle Atlantic Bight","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.51953125,\n 34.379712580462204\n ],\n [\n -73.8720703125,\n 34.379712580462204\n ],\n [\n -73.8720703125,\n 40.26276066437183\n ],\n [\n -77.51953125,\n 40.26276066437183\n ],\n [\n -77.51953125,\n 34.379712580462204\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"96","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff2a4ae4b0da30c1bfd7ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wright, L.D.","contributorId":53116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":728876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boon, John D.","contributorId":108029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boon","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":728877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kim, S.C.","contributorId":202553,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kim","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":728878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"List, J. H.","contributorId":70406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"List","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":728879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70187757,"text":"70187757 - 1991 - The distribution of seabirds and fish in relation to ocean currents in the southeastern Chukchi Sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-16T15:11:24.121734","indexId":"70187757","displayToPublicDate":"1991-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"The distribution of seabirds and fish in relation to ocean currents in the southeastern Chukchi Sea","docAbstract":"In late August 1988, we studied the distribution of seabirds in the southeastern Chukchi Sea, particularly in waters near a major seabird colony at Cape Thompson. Foraging areas were characterized using hydrographic data obtained from hydroacoustic surveys for fish. Murres (Uria spp.) and Black-legged Kitttiwakes Rissa tridactyla breeding at Cape Thompson fed mostly on Arctic cod, which are known from previous studies to be the most abundant pelagic fish in the region. Our hydroacoustic surveys revealed that pelagic fish were distributed widely, but densities were estimated to be low (e.g., 0.1-10 g∙m-3) throughout the study area and a few schools were recorded. Large feeding flocks of murres and kittiwakes were observed over fish schools with densities estimated to exceed 15 g∙m-3. Fish densities were higher in shallow Alaska Coastal Current waters than offshore in Bering Sea waters, and most piscivorous seabirds foraged in coastal waters. Poor kittiwake breeding success and a low frequency of fish in murre and kittiwake stomachs in late August suggested that fish densities were marginal for sustaining breeding seabirds at that time. Planktivorous Least Auklets Aethia pusilla and Parakeet Auklets Cyclorrhynchus psittacula foraged almost exclusively in Bering Sea waters. Short-tailed Shearwaters Puffinus tenuirostris and Tufted Puffins Fratercula cirrhata foraged in transitional waters at the front between Coastal and Bering Sea currents.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Studies of high-latitude seabirds. 1. Behavioural, energetic, and oceanographic aspects of seabird feeding ecology (Occasional Paper 68 of the Canadian Wildlife Service)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Population Biology and Conservation of Marine Birds Symposium","conferenceDate":"April, 1989","conferenceLocation":"St. John's, NL","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Ottawa, CA","usgsCitation":"Piatt, J.F., Wells, J.L., MacCharles, A., and Fadely, B.S., 1991, The distribution of seabirds and fish in relation to ocean currents in the southeastern Chukchi Sea, in Studies of high-latitude seabirds. 1. Behavioural, energetic, and oceanographic aspects of seabird feeding ecology (Occasional Paper 68 of the Canadian Wildlife Service), St. John's, NL, April, 1989, p. 21-31.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"21","endPage":"31","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341427,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":405185,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/9.855957/publication.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Chukchi Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -171.826171875,\n 64.12019460255497\n ],\n [\n -163.23486328125,\n 64.12019460255497\n ],\n [\n -163.23486328125,\n 67.83412789868609\n ],\n [\n -171.826171875,\n 67.83412789868609\n ],\n [\n -171.826171875,\n 64.12019460255497\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59269bd2e4b0b7ff9fb489de","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Montevecchi, W.A.","contributorId":62052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Montevecchi","given":"W.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696017,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gaston, A.J.","contributorId":21545,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gaston","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696018,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wells, John L.","contributorId":189278,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wells","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"MacCharles, Andrea","contributorId":192114,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"MacCharles","given":"Andrea","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fadely, Brian S.","contributorId":184042,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fadely","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70210204,"text":"70210204 - 1991 - Speculations on continental crustal evolution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-20T14:17:59.675525","indexId":"70210204","displayToPublicDate":"1991-12-24T09:14:26","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3879,"text":"Eos, Earth and Space Science News","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Speculations on continental crustal evolution","docAbstract":"The evolution of the continental crust is a topic that has challenged Earth scientists since the earliest hypotheses of crustal evolution were put forth by such luminaries as Hutton, the 18th century Scottish scientist, and later by Stille (Germany), Argand (France), and Dana (United States). Recent geophysical observations provide important constraints on hypotheses of crustal evolution, and the most important of these observations are reviewed in a companion paper [Mooney and Meissner, 1991], henceforth referred to as Paper 1. In this article we briefly speculate on crustal evolution using both geological and geophysical data as guidelines.
For the past 25 years, the basic framework for models of the evolution of the Earth's crust and lithosphere has been plate tectonics. This framework has been particularly successful in explaining the processes that form and modify the oceanic crust but has had somewhat more limited success in its application to the continental crust. Some of the basic tenets of plate tectonics, as applied to the continental crust, are listed below. Continental masses coalesce and disperse as ocean basins open and close in the Wilson cycle.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/90EO00405","usgsCitation":"Meissner, R., and Mooney, W.D., 1991, Speculations on continental crustal evolution: Eos, Earth and Space Science News, v. 72, no. 52, p. 585-590, https://doi.org/10.1029/90EO00405.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"585","endPage":"590","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374958,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"52","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-10-19","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meissner, R.","contributorId":53563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meissner","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":789528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mooney, Walter D. 0000-0002-5310-3631 mooney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-3631","contributorId":3194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"Walter","email":"mooney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":789529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70231441,"text":"70231441 - 1991 - Quartz solubility in hydrothermal seawater: An experimental study and equation describing quartz solubility for up to 0.5 M NaCl solutions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-10T16:53:39.902785","indexId":"70231441","displayToPublicDate":"1991-12-01T11:46:42","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":732,"text":"American Journal of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quartz solubility in hydrothermal seawater: An experimental study and equation describing quartz solubility for up to 0.5 M NaCl solutions","docAbstract":"Experimental investigations confirm an increase of quartz solubility in sea-water relative to distilled water. Combination of the experimental data with published data, most of which related to distilled water, permitted construction of a database for calculating an equation that fits all the data. Application of the equation indicates a shallower depth of circulation for sea- floor hydrothermal waters than has previously been calculated. Use of the equation as a quartz geothermometer-geobarometer has applications not only for hydrothermal sea-water systems, but also for other geothermal and geological systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Journal of Science","doi":"10.2475/ajs.291.10.977","usgsCitation":"Von Damm, K., Bischoff, J.L., and Rosenbauer, R.J., 1991, Quartz solubility in hydrothermal seawater: An experimental study and equation describing quartz solubility for up to 0.5 M NaCl solutions: American Journal of Science, v. 291, p. 977-1007, https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.291.10.977.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"977","endPage":"1007","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479665,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.291.10.977","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":400434,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"291","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Von Damm, K. L.","contributorId":291590,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Von Damm","given":"K. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bischoff, James L. jbischoff@usgs.gov","contributorId":1389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bischoff","given":"James","email":"jbischoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":842614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rosenbauer, Robert J. brosenbauer@usgs.gov","contributorId":204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenbauer","given":"Robert","email":"brosenbauer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":842615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70126473,"text":"70126473 - 1991 - Role of exposure mode in the bioavailability of triphenyl phosphate to aquatic organisms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-22T16:10:46","indexId":"70126473","displayToPublicDate":"1991-11-01T11:53:47","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Role of exposure mode in the bioavailability of triphenyl phosphate to aquatic organisms","docAbstract":"A laboratory study was conducted to investigate the role of the route of triphenyl phosphate (TPP) entry on its aquatic bioavailability and acute biological effects. Three TPP treatments were used for exposures of fish and invertebrates. These consisted of TPP dosed directly into water with and without clean sediment and TPP spiked onto sediment prior to aqueous exposures. Results of static acute toxicity tests (no sediment) were 0.78 mg/L (96-h LC50) for bluegill, 0.36 mg/L (48-h EC50) for midge, and 0.25 mg/L (96-h EC50) for scud. At 24 h, the sediment (1.1% organic carbon)/water partition coefficient (Kp) for TPP was 112. Use of this partition coefficient model to predict the sediment-mediated reduction of TPP concentration in water during toxicity tests resulted in a value that was only 10% less than the nominal value. However, the required nominal concentration of TPP to cause acute toxicity responses in test organisms was significantly higher than the predicted value by the model for both clay and soil-derived sediment. Direct spiking of TPP to soil minimized TPP bioavailability. Data from parallel experiments designed to track TPP residues in water through time suggest that sorption kinetics control residue bioavailability in the initial 24 h of exposure and may account for observed differences in LC50 and EC50 values from the sediment treatments.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1007/BF01183868","usgsCitation":"Huckins, J.N., Fairchild, J.F., and Boyle, T., 1991, Role of exposure mode in the bioavailability of triphenyl phosphate to aquatic organisms: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 21, no. 4, p. 481-485, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01183868.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"481","endPage":"485","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294327,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294326,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01183868"}],"volume":"21","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5422bb2ee4b08312ac7cf0c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huckins, James N.","contributorId":83454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huckins","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":502085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fairchild, James F. jfairchild@usgs.gov","contributorId":492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fairchild","given":"James","email":"jfairchild@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":502084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boyle, Terence P.","contributorId":85214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyle","given":"Terence P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70126465,"text":"70126465 - 1991 - A modeling assessment of the thermal regime for an urban sport fishery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-23T11:24:46","indexId":"70126465","displayToPublicDate":"1991-11-01T11:21:06","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A modeling assessment of the thermal regime for an urban sport fishery","docAbstract":"Water temperature is almost certainly a limiting factor in the maintenance of a self-sustaining rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, formerly Salmo gairdneri) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) fishery in the lower reaches of the Cache la Poudre River near Fort Collins, Colorado, USA. Irrigation diversions dewater portions of the river, but cold reservoir releases moderate water temperatures during some periods. The US Fish and Wildlife Service’s Stream Network Temperature Model (SNTEMP) was applied to a 31-km segment of the river using readily available stream geometry and hydrological and meteorological data. The calibrated model produced satisfactory water temperature predictions (R2=0.88,P<0.001, N=49) for a 62-day summer period. It was used to evaluate a variety of flow and nonflow alternatives to keep water temperatures below 23.3°C for the trout. Supplemental flows or reduced diversions of 3 m3/sec would be needed to maintain suitable summer temperatures throughout most of the study area. Such flows would be especially beneficial during weekends when current irrigation patterns reduce flows. The model indicated that increasing the riparian shade would result in little improvement in water temperatures but that decreasing the stream width would result in significant temperature reductions. Introduction of a more thermally tolerant redband trout (Oncorhynchus sp.), or smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieui) might prove beneficial to the fishery. Construction of deep pools for thermal refugia might also be helpful.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","publisherLocation":"New York","doi":"10.1007/BF02394821","usgsCitation":"Bartholow, J.M., 1991, A modeling assessment of the thermal regime for an urban sport fishery: Environmental Management, v. 15, no. 6, p. 833-845, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02394821.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"833","endPage":"845","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":294317,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294316,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02394821"}],"volume":"15","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5422bb07e4b08312ac7ceeb1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartholow, John M.","contributorId":77598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartholow","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70016477,"text":"70016477 - 1991 - U and Sr Isotopes in ground water and calcite, Yucca Mountain, Nevada: Evidence against upwelling water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-17T16:13:21.200139","indexId":"70016477","displayToPublicDate":"1991-10-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"U and Sr Isotopes in ground water and calcite, Yucca Mountain, Nevada: Evidence against upwelling water","docAbstract":"Hydrogenic calcite and opaline silica deposits in fault zones at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, have created considerable public and scientific controversy because of the possible development of a high-level nuclear waste repository at this location. Strontium and uranium isotopic compositions of hydrogenic materials were used to test whether the veins could have formed by upwelling of deep-seated waters. The vein deposits are isotopically distinct from ground water in the two aquifers that underlie Yucca Mountain, indicating that the calcite could not have precipitated from ground water. The data are consistent with a surficial origin for the hydrogenic deposits.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.254.5031.551","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Stuckless, J., Peterman, Z.E., and Muhs, D., 1991, U and Sr Isotopes in ground water and calcite, Yucca Mountain, Nevada: Evidence against upwelling water: Science, v. 254, no. 5031, p. 551-554, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.254.5031.551.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"551","endPage":"554","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223223,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Yucca Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.4754965489916,\n 36.95028865477464\n ],\n [\n -116.4754965489916,\n 36.91498620089705\n ],\n [\n -116.4267296085084,\n 36.91498620089705\n ],\n [\n -116.4267296085084,\n 36.95028865477464\n ],\n [\n -116.4754965489916,\n 36.95028865477464\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"254","issue":"5031","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb9bae4b08c986b327d7c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stuckless, J. S.","contributorId":6060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuckless","given":"J. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterman, Z. E.","contributorId":63781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterman","given":"Z.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Muhs, D.R. 0000-0001-7449-251X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-251X","contributorId":61460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhs","given":"D.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70015031,"text":"70015031 - 1991 - Historic creep rate and potential for seismic slip along the Hayward Fault, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-25T17:34:25","indexId":"70015031","displayToPublicDate":"1991-10-01T01:15:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Historic creep rate and potential for seismic slip along the Hayward Fault, California","docAbstract":"The Hayward fault is considered the most likely source of one or more major earthquakes in the San Francisco Bay area in the next few decades. Historically, at least one, and probably two, major earthquakes (about M 6.8) occurred along the Hayward fault, one in 1836 and another in 1868. Little is known about the 1836 event, but the 1868 earthquake was accompanied by a surface rupture that extended as much as 41 km along the southern part of the fault. Although the amount of surface slip in 1868 is uncertain, right slip (including afterslip) reached at least several centimeters, and possibly several decimeters in places. This paper documents the spatial variation of creep rate along the Hayward fault since the 1868 earthquake. Creep (aseismic fault slip) occurs over at least 66 km and may extend over the fault's entire 82-km length, of which about 13 km lies underwater. Creep rate seems nearly constant over decades, but short-term variations occur. We derive creep rate mainly from our own systematic surveying of offset cultural features (curbs, fences, and buildings). On each feature we solve directly for accumulated creep by using multiple linear regression. Creep rate mostly falls in the range of 3.5–6.5 mm/yr; but systematic variation occurs along strike. Fault segments with distinctly higher and lower rates generally correspond to parts of the fault most salient from the overall average alinement of the fault. Most distinctive is a 4-km-long section near the south end of the fault that creeps at about 9 mm/yr. Such a high rate has occurred there at least since the 1920s and probably since the 1868 earthquake, as indicated by an offset railroad track built in 1869. We suggest that this 9 mm/yr slip rate may approach the long-term or deep slip rate that controls average recurrence interval between major earthquakes. If so, assuming an elastic rebound model, the potential for slip in large earthquakes below the surficial creeping zone is now ∼1.1 m in the southern (1868) segment of the fault and ≥ 1.4 m in the northern (1836?) segment. Subtracting surface creep rates from a long-term slip rate of 9 mm/yr gives present potential for surface slip in large earthquakes of up to 0.8 m, with an average of 0.6 m in the northern segment and 0.4 m in the southern segment. We present a simple hypothesis for rupture potential that is compatible with historic creep rate, microseismicity distribution, and geodetic data. If seismic rupture occurs on segments 41 km long by 10 km deep (7 km fully locked, 3 km creeping), today's potential for seismic moment release is 1.4 × 1019 and 1.1 × 1019 N m for both 1836? and 1868 segments, respectively, and 2.5 × 1019 N m for both segments jointly. Converting moment to magnitude gives ML 6.8 in the northern segment, ML 6.7 in the southern segment, and ML 7.0 for simultaneous rupture of both.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/91JB01589","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Lienkaemper, J.J., Borchardt, G., and Lisowski, M., 1991, Historic creep rate and potential for seismic slip along the Hayward Fault, California: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 96, no. B11, p. 18261-18283, https://doi.org/10.1029/91JB01589.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"18261","endPage":"18283","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223796,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.3876953125,\n 38.134556577054134\n ],\n [\n -122.288818359375,\n 38.08268954483802\n ],\n [\n -122.1844482421875,\n 37.98750437106374\n ],\n [\n -121.9976806640625,\n 37.77071473849609\n ],\n [\n -121.9207763671875,\n 37.72510788462094\n ],\n [\n -121.871337890625,\n 37.67512527892127\n ],\n [\n -121.76971435546874,\n 37.59900015064849\n ],\n [\n -121.63787841796875,\n 37.4530574713902\n ],\n [\n -121.60491943359375,\n 37.42252593456307\n ],\n [\n -121.59393310546875,\n 37.376705278818356\n ],\n [\n -121.65710449218749,\n 37.36797435878155\n ],\n [\n -121.73950195312499,\n 37.38761749978395\n ],\n [\n -121.85760498046875,\n 37.470498470798724\n ],\n [\n -121.96197509765625,\n 37.56417412088097\n ],\n [\n -122.11029052734374,\n 37.67947293019486\n ],\n [\n -122.19818115234375,\n 37.790251927933284\n ],\n [\n -122.33001708984374,\n 37.94203148678865\n ],\n [\n -122.39044189453124,\n 38.028622234587964\n ],\n [\n -122.4591064453125,\n 38.10430528370985\n ],\n [\n -122.45635986328124,\n 38.14535757293734\n ],\n [\n -122.43438720703125,\n 38.153997218446115\n ],\n [\n -122.3876953125,\n 38.134556577054134\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"96","issue":"B11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a315fe4b0c8380cd5de8d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lienkaemper, J. J.","contributorId":71947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lienkaemper","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Borchardt, G.","contributorId":18909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borchardt","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lisowski, M.","contributorId":70381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lisowski","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5222981,"text":"5222981 - 1991 - Science, population ecology, and the management of the American black duck","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-02T16:14:53.546481","indexId":"5222981","displayToPublicDate":"1991-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Science, population ecology, and the management of the American black duck","docAbstract":"This essay deals with the relevance of some of the ideas of Romesburg (1981) to population ecology and management of the American black duck (Anas rubripes). Most investigations dealing with the effects of hunting regulations on black duck populations have used the hypothetico-deductive (H-D) approach of specifying a priori hypotheses and associated deduced predictions. These investigations have not used manipulative experimentation, however, but have involved severely constrained analyses of historical data and have thus produced weak inferences. The 1982 lawsuit over black duck hunting regulations, the current uncertainty about appropriate black duck management actions, and the frequent skirmishes in the published literature of black duck population ecology are natural consequences of these weak inferences. I suggest that we attempt to take advantage of management and other manipulations by treating them as an opportunity to learn something via experimentation, as recommended by Macnab (1983) and Walters (1986).
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3809533","usgsCitation":"Nichols, J., 1991, Science, population ecology, and the management of the American black duck: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 55, no. 4, p. 790-799, https://doi.org/10.2307/3809533.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"790","endPage":"799","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195878,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fee4b07f02db5f755d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, James D. 0000-0002-7631-2890 jnichols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James D.","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":337627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014927,"text":"70014927 - 1991 - Fossil and genetic history of a pinyon pine (Pinus edulis) isolate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-18T14:46:49.333461","indexId":"70014927","displayToPublicDate":"1991-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fossil and genetic history of a pinyon pine (Pinus edulis) isolate","docAbstract":"The most isolated northern stand of Colorado pinyon pine (Pinus edulis) at Owl Canyon, Colorado, USA has a broad and flat size class distribution common to population expansions, with the largest and oldest trees near the center of the grove. Analyses of fossil packrat (Neotoma sp.) middens within the grove indicate that the stand originated by long—distance dispersal rather than by vicariance, a distinction seldom possible because of the unknown or incomplete histories of such isolated populations. Our 5000—yr pollen and macrofossil record suggests that pinyon pine colonized the site sometime between 1290 and 420 yr BP, the latter age corresponding to the oldest tree in the stand. Electrophoretic data from living trees show that this colonization was not attended by typical founder effects predicted by theory or observed for other known founder events. Despite its isolation, recent founding, and probable long—distance origin, the Owl Canyon stand has not suffered significant losses in genetic variation relative to likely source populations. Large initial population size, multiple founding events, rapid population growth, or selection favoring heterozygous genotypes could all explain the high heterozygosity and only slightly reduced polymorphism and number of alleles per locus found in the Owl Canyon stand. These results demonstrate the genetic complexity of founder events and the utility of blending complementary approaches such as paleoecology and genetics to better understand the population biology of peripheral isolates.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.2307/1940968","usgsCitation":"Betancourt, J.L., Schuster, W., Mitton, J.B., and Anderson, R., 1991, Fossil and genetic history of a pinyon pine (Pinus edulis) isolate: Ecology, v. 72, no. 5, p. 1685-1697, https://doi.org/10.2307/1940968.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1685","endPage":"1697","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224061,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1383e4b0c8380cd5469d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Betancourt, Julio L. 0000-0002-7165-0743 jlbetanc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7165-0743","contributorId":3376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Betancourt","given":"Julio","email":"jlbetanc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":554,"text":"Science and Decisions Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":369631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schuster, William","contributorId":117899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuster","given":"William","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mitton, Jeffry B.","contributorId":177741,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mitton","given":"Jeffry","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":6713,"text":"University of Colorado, Boulder CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":369630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anderson, R. Scott","contributorId":6983,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"R. Scott","affiliations":[{"id":7034,"text":"School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Sustainability at Northern Arizona University, in Flagstaff","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":369628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70185806,"text":"70185806 - 1991 - Ground-penetrating radar: A tool for mapping reservoirs and lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-28T06:31:10","indexId":"70185806","displayToPublicDate":"1991-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2456,"text":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ground-penetrating radar: A tool for mapping reservoirs and lakes","docAbstract":"Ground-penetrating radar was evaluated as a tool for mapping reservoir and lake bottoms and providing stage-storage information. An impulse radar was used on a 1.4-ha (3.5-acre) reservoir with 31 transects located 6.1 m (20 feet) apart. Depth of water and lateral extent of the lake bottom were accurately measured by ground-penetrating radar. A linear (positive) relationship existed between measured water depth and ground-penetrating radar-determined water depth (R2=0.989). Ground-penetrating radar data were used to create a contour map of the lake bottom. Relationships between water (contour) elevation and water surface area and volume were established. Ground-penetrating radar proved to be a useful tool for mapping lakes, detecting lake bottom variations, locating old stream channels, and determining water depths. The technology provides accurate, continuous profile data in a relatively short time compared to traditional surveying and depth-sounding techniques.
","language":"English","publisher":"Soil and Water Conservation Society","usgsCitation":"Truman, C., Asmussen, L., and Allison, H., 1991, Ground-penetrating radar: A tool for mapping reservoirs and lakes: Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, v. 46, no. 5, p. 370-373.","productDescription":"4 p. ","startPage":"370","endPage":"373","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338566,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":338565,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jswconline.org/content/46/5/370.abstract"}],"volume":"46","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58dcc81fe4b02ff32c68572a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Truman, C.C.","contributorId":190010,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Truman","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Asmussen, L.E.","contributorId":16276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asmussen","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allison, H.D.","contributorId":190009,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allison","given":"H.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1014551,"text":"1014551 - 1991 - Low-cost field estimation of yellow perch daily ration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-06T16:51:22.939142","indexId":"1014551","displayToPublicDate":"1991-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Low-cost field estimation of yellow perch daily ration","docAbstract":"We used 2 yearsˈ diel food weight data from stomachs of Lake Erie yellow perch Perca flavescens to make Elliott‐Persson (E–P) estimates of daily ration and to construct consumption response surface (CRS) regression models. The CRS models provided relatively accurate, low‐cost estimates of daily ration from only one to four fish collections – compared with nine for the E–P procedure. Besides reducing daily sampling effort, CRS models allowed flexibility in fish collection times, thus alleviating the need for 24‐h associations with sampling sites. Independent variables for CRS models included the food weight in fish stomachs from a particular collection (adjusted for water temperature) and the time of day when a fish collection was made. Accuracy of CRS model estimates of yellow perch daily ration relative to E–P estimates was evaluated with a jackknife‐like procedure. Effectiveness of CRS models arose from significant relationships that existed between food weights in yellow perch stomachs throughout certain periods of the day and average food weight in stomachs over 24 h. Similar relationships, and hence low‐cost estimation potential, are expected for other fish species with regular diel feeding activity. Because CRS models reduce time requirements in the field, they should allow more detailed coverage of important spatial and temporal variability in multiday food consumption studies for fishes. The CRS models also showed spatial robustness and a desirable capacity to estimate daily rations in years beyond those for which the models were developed.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1991)120<0589:LFEOYP>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Hayward, R., Margraf, F.J., Parrish, D., and Vondracek, B., 1991, Low-cost field estimation of yellow perch daily ration: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 120, no. 5, p. 589-604, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1991)120<0589:LFEOYP>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"589","endPage":"604","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131012,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"120","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a75e4b07f02db644a0f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hayward, R.S.","contributorId":48913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayward","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Margraf, F. Joseph jmargraf@usgs.gov","contributorId":257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Margraf","given":"F.","email":"jmargraf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Joseph","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":320577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parrish, D.L.","contributorId":15144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parrish","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vondracek, B.","contributorId":69930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vondracek","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70216614,"text":"70216614 - 1991 - Analysis and modeling of long‐term stream temperatures on the Steamboat Creek Basin, Oregon: Implications for land use and fish habitat","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-27T18:18:23.838156","indexId":"70216614","displayToPublicDate":"1991-08-28T15:21:44","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis and modeling of long‐term stream temperatures on the Steamboat Creek Basin, Oregon: Implications for land use and fish habitat","docAbstract":"Steamboat Creek basin is an important source of timber and provides crucial spawning and rearing habitat for anadromous steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Because stream temperatures are near the upper limit of tolerance for the survival of juvenile steelhead, the possible long‐term effect of clear‐cut logging on stream temperatures was assessed. Twenty‐year (1969–1989) records of summer stream temperature and flow from four tributaries and two reaches of Steamboat Creek and Boulder Creek (a nearby unlogged watershed) were analyzed. Logging records for the Steamboat Creek basin and air temperature records also were used in the analysis. A time‐series model of the components of stream temperature (seasonal cycle of solar radiation, air temperature, streamflow, an autoregressive term of order 1, and a linear trend variable) was fitted to the water‐temperature data. The linear trend variable was significant in all the fitted models except Bend Creek (a tributary fed by cool ground‐water discharge) and Boulder Creek. Because no trends in either climate (i.e., air temperature) or streamflow were found in the data, the trend variable was associated with the pre‐1969 loss and subsequent regrowth of riparian vegetation and shading canopies.
Three fossil fumaroles in rhyolite-rich ash-flow tuff from the lower Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes (VTTS) have been studied to ascertain chemical losses and gains and mineralogical evolution during fumarolic alteration and subsequent cooling and weathering processes. Major oxide and trace element data were interpreted using the isocon method of Grant (1986).
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/91GL01142","usgsCitation":"Papike, J.J., Keith, T.E., Spilde, M.N., Shearer, C., Galbreath, K.C., and Laul, J., 1991, Major and trace element mass flux in fumarolic deposits, Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes, Alaska: Rhyolite-rich protolith: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 18, no. 8, p. 1545-1548, https://doi.org/10.1029/91GL01142.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1545","endPage":"1548","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":416507,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -157.11710340553734,\n 58.83061239123546\n ],\n [\n -157.11710340553734,\n 57.89274619909108\n ],\n [\n -153.9582134699911,\n 57.89274619909108\n ],\n [\n -153.9582134699911,\n 58.83061239123546\n ],\n [\n -157.11710340553734,\n 58.83061239123546\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"18","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Papike, J. J.","contributorId":18488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Papike","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":871073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keith, T. E. C.","contributorId":11681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keith","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"E. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":871074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Spilde, Michael N.","contributorId":211912,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spilde","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":36307,"text":"University of New Mexico","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":871075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shearer, C.K.","contributorId":53537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shearer","given":"C.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":871076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Galbreath, K. C.","contributorId":304592,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Galbreath","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":871077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Laul, J.C.","contributorId":90047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laul","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":871078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70208658,"text":"70208658 - 1991 - H4IIE rat hepatoma cell bioassay-derived 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents in colonial fish-eating waterbird eggs from the Great Lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-24T11:00:09","indexId":"70208658","displayToPublicDate":"1991-07-31T10:50:26","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"H4IIE rat hepatoma cell bioassay-derived 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents in colonial fish-eating waterbird eggs from the Great Lakes","docAbstract":"Fish-eating waterbirds from the Great Lakes of North America have shown symptoms of poisoning similar to those observed in laboratory exposures of various avian species to planar halogenated hydrocarbons (PHHs). PHHs, include among others, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and have been implicated in some of the reproductive problems of Great Lakes waterbirds. The objectives of this study were to assess the overall potencies of PCB-containing extracts from colonial water-bird eggs taken from the Great Lakes and to compare the potencies with the location and spatial distribution of the colonies. The potencies of the extracts were assessed by their ability to induce cytochrome P450IA1-associated ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity in H4IIE rat hepatoma cells as compared to the standard, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). The H4IIE bioassay-derived TCDD-equivalents (TCCD-EQs) in the waterbird eggs concur with residue analyses and biological data from other studies. The greatest concentrations of TCDD-EQs were found in waterbird eggs from historically polluted, industrialized or urbanized areas in which the reproductive impairment of colonial waterbirds was most severe. However, significant concentrations of TCDD-EQs were detected at all sites tested; with a range of 49 to 415 pg TCDD-EQ/g egg, uncorrected for extraction efficiencies. The H4IIE bioassay proved to be a useful biomonitoring tool to assess the overall potency of complex PHH mixtures in environmental samples.
Organic electrolytes are a common component of natural waters and are known to be important in many rock-water interactions. The influence of organic electrolytes on silica mobility, quartz solubility, and quartz dissolution kinetics, however, is less well understood. While there is mounting evidence supporting the presence of an aqueous organic-silica complex in natural waters, the significance of this species is difficult to characterize because of competing interactions in mixed inorganic-organic electrolyte environments. In the experiments reported here, the kinetics of quartz dissolution in dilute aqueous organic-acid solutions between 25 and 70°C were investigated to determine the influence of both organic and inorganic electrolytes.
Batch-reactor dissolution experiments in inorganic and organic electrolyte solutions were designed to investigate the hypothesis that organic acids at circum-neutral pH accelerate the dissolution and increase the solubility of quartz in water. Results suggest that multi-functional organic acids such as citrate and oxalate accelerate quartz dissolution by decreasing the activation energy by approximately 20%. The increase in dissolution rate was accompanied by a 100% increase in apparent quartz solubility at 25°C. Experiments using inorganic electrolytes, in contrast, increase the rate of quartz dissolution without decreasing the activation energy, and without increasing solubility.
From these data, a model for both a solution complex between dissolved organic acid and monomeric silicic acid, and an activated complex on quartz surfaces is proposed. The model suggests that dissolved organic compounds in natural waters at near-neutral pH and low temperatures are capable of accelerating the dissolution of quartz and increasing its solubility.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(91)90023-X","usgsCitation":"Bennett, P.C., 1991, Quartz dissolution in organic-rich aqueous systems: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 55, no. 7, p. 1781-1797, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(91)90023-X.","productDescription":"17 p. ","startPage":"1781","endPage":"1797","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338078,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d38d61e4b0236b68f98f78","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bennett, Philip C.","contributorId":30567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5222972,"text":"5222972 - 1991 - Changes in mallard breeding populations in relation to production and harvest rates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-02T16:10:59.105548","indexId":"5222972","displayToPublicDate":"1991-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in mallard breeding populations in relation to production and harvest rates","docAbstract":"We used breeding population, band recovery, and hunter harvest data to examine whether rates of productivity and harvest correlated with annual changes in mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) breeding populations. Percent change in the size of the breeding population correlated positively with an index of production rate and negatively with an index of harvest rate (R2 = 0.37, F = 8.34, P < 0.005). Average harvest rate indices did not differ (W = 126, P < 0.32) between periods of increasing (1961-69) and decreasing (1970-85) populations. Indices to production tended to be lower (W = 143, P < 0.08) during 1970-85 (x̄ = 0.064) compared to 1961-69 (x̄ = 1.096).
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3808979","usgsCitation":"Reynolds, R., and Sauer, J.R., 1991, Changes in mallard breeding populations in relation to production and harvest rates: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 55, no. 3, p. 483-487, https://doi.org/10.2307/3808979.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"483","endPage":"487","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198108,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United 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