An intensive in situ sampling program near Marco Island, Florida during 19–23 October 1988 collected information on mangrove type, maximum canopy height, and percent canopy closure. These data were correlated with selected vegetation index information derived from analysis of SPOT multispectral (XS) data obtained on 21 October 1988. The Normalized Difference (ND) vegetation index information was the most highly correlated index with percent canopy closure (r=0.91). Percent canopy closure information can be used as a surrogate for mangrove density which is of great value when predicting which parts of the mangrove ecosystem are at greatest risk after an oil spill occurs. Such information is very valuable when constructing oil spill Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) Maps for tropical regions of the world.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/10106049109354302","usgsCitation":"Jensen, J.R., Lin, H., Yang, X., Ramsey III, E., Davis, B.M., and Thoemke, C.W., 1991, The measurement of mangrove characteristics in southwest Florida using spot multispectral data: Geocarto International, v. 6, no. 2, p. 13-21, https://doi.org/10.1080/10106049109354302.","productDescription":"9 p,","startPage":"13","endPage":"21","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371126,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Cape Romano Ten Thousand Islands Aquatic Preserve, Kice Island, Marco Island, Rookery Bay Aquatic Preserve","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.77810668945312,\n 25.76464852241932\n ],\n [\n -81.34140014648438,\n 25.76464852241932\n ],\n [\n -81.34140014648438,\n 25.987057633133684\n ],\n [\n -81.77810668945312,\n 25.987057633133684\n ],\n [\n -81.77810668945312,\n 25.76464852241932\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jensen, John R.","contributorId":216821,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jensen","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lin, Hongyue","contributorId":221628,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lin","given":"Hongyue","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yang, Xinghe","contributorId":221629,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yang","given":"Xinghe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ramsey III, Elijah 0000-0002-4518-5796","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4518-5796","contributorId":212009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramsey III","given":"Elijah","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Davis, Bruce M. bmdavis@usgs.gov","contributorId":4227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Bruce","email":"bmdavis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Thoemke, Chris W.","contributorId":221630,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thoemke","given":"Chris","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70243170,"text":"70243170 - 1991 - Seasonal variations of carbon dioxide concentrations in stony, coarse-textured desert soils of southern Nevada, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-02T12:45:47.730443","indexId":"70243170","displayToPublicDate":"1991-06-01T07:19:57","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3419,"text":"Soil Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal variations of carbon dioxide concentrations in stony, coarse-textured desert soils of southern Nevada, USA","docAbstract":"Knowledge of carbon dioxide concentration in desert soils is required in theoretical models of the development of pedogenic and ground-water calcium carbonate. Most studies have concentrated on medium- to fine-textured soils in temperate to humid environments. Very little data exist for CO2 concentrations in stony, coarse-textured deposits such as those making up alluvial fans and fluvial terraces. The purpose of this study was to obtain CO2 concentration data in stony, coarse-textured, uncultivated soils in a desert environment.
Soil gas samples were collected from two sites—Yucca Wash and Rock Valley—at the Nevada Test Site in southern Nevada between June 1985 and June 1986 to determine soil CO2 concentrations and their seasonal and depth variations in the soil profile. Soil CO2 concentrations ranged from 0.03 volume percent in winter and summer to 0.25 volume percent in spring. During the summer, fall, and winter, CO2 concentrations were close to atmospheric levels and varied randomly with depth. In spring, CO2 varied with root density, highest concentrations occurring between 40 and 80 cm of depth. Maximum CO2 values decrease and occur at progressively deeper levels toward the end of spring. Biological activity appears to be limited throughout the year because of the arid climate. During the winter and spring, soil CO2 appears to be more dependent on temperature than moisture, whereas in the summer and fall it appears to be dependent on moisture.
Soil gas samples were also collected during the spring from three sites in the Kyle Canyon area in southern Nevada to determine the variation of soil CO2 levels with changes in elevation and vegetation. Soil CO2 values increased from 0.04 to 0.24 volume percent with increasing elevation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Williams & Wilkins","doi":"10.1097/00010694-199106000-00003","usgsCitation":"Terhune, C.L., and Harden, J.W., 1991, Seasonal variations of carbon dioxide concentrations in stony, coarse-textured desert soils of southern Nevada, USA: Soil Science, v. 151, no. 6, p. 417-429, https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-199106000-00003.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"417","endPage":"429","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":416612,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Kyle Canyon, Nevada Test Site, Rock Valley, Yucca Wash","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.57215965832935,\n 36.935357940977156\n ],\n [\n -116.55667759182593,\n 36.880290507621226\n ],\n [\n -116.52411186573303,\n 36.82689268256301\n ],\n [\n -116.46538678589307,\n 36.75250083047368\n ],\n [\n -116.36768960761447,\n 36.65689425228052\n ],\n [\n -116.18305583300328,\n 36.67744891655387\n ],\n [\n -116.01168537274322,\n 36.68344299281007\n ],\n [\n -115.93427504022664,\n 36.705702614953026\n ],\n [\n -115.9033109072208,\n 36.75445630760139\n ],\n [\n -116.01488855891635,\n 36.80704979320976\n ],\n [\n -116.1157889233688,\n 36.7865298001729\n ],\n [\n -116.21508769473465,\n 36.75488404241885\n ],\n [\n -116.29075201792368,\n 36.72793209163633\n ],\n [\n -116.3708316722509,\n 36.89718704619213\n ],\n [\n -116.3574850631961,\n 36.95650847263279\n ],\n [\n -116.34734164031606,\n 37.00445333355934\n ],\n [\n -116.41514241431304,\n 37.03130788631145\n ],\n [\n -116.57058710746847,\n 37.04409243246313\n ],\n [\n -116.57215965832935,\n 36.935357940977156\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.66874653036014,\n 36.27684846767032\n ],\n [\n -115.6818215433292,\n 36.27383572110618\n ],\n [\n -115.67955261978994,\n 36.25887786528443\n ],\n [\n -115.67207851871952,\n 36.25005246295588\n ],\n [\n -115.65966617229866,\n 36.238104293741145\n ],\n [\n -115.6476542241497,\n 36.231860379706816\n ],\n [\n -115.62629964966244,\n 36.2398266650315\n ],\n [\n -115.61237372956018,\n 36.24111841859431\n ],\n [\n -115.59529006997016,\n 36.25091352170193\n ],\n [\n -115.57927413910473,\n 36.25586442535618\n ],\n [\n -115.57006497885705,\n 36.2557568003521\n ],\n [\n -115.54898044038076,\n 36.25844738098267\n ],\n [\n -115.52255415445245,\n 36.262429270251275\n ],\n [\n -115.4966617328867,\n 36.263828264238356\n ],\n [\n -115.46983504868697,\n 36.27028483482704\n ],\n [\n -115.47303823486017,\n 36.27415852094177\n ],\n [\n -115.48077926811187,\n 36.28115218964544\n ],\n [\n -115.51024087546422,\n 36.28287361199655\n ],\n [\n -115.54088601561787,\n 36.27824720333986\n ],\n [\n -115.56744576763631,\n 36.282012905566816\n ],\n [\n -115.59253739265878,\n 36.27738644589441\n ],\n [\n -115.60815292525282,\n 36.28136736951646\n ],\n [\n -115.62550351702359,\n 36.277171255049836\n ],\n [\n -115.65620071784916,\n 36.26899356341566\n ],\n [\n -115.66874653036014,\n 36.27684846767032\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"151","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Terhune, Christina L.","contributorId":21413,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Terhune","given":"Christina","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":871349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harden, Jennifer W. 0000-0002-6570-8259 jharden@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":1971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"Jennifer","email":"jharden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":871350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70185490,"text":"70185490 - 1991 - Sampling design for groundwater solute transport: Tests of methods and analysis of Cape Cod tracer test data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-27T11:36:12","indexId":"70185490","displayToPublicDate":"1991-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sampling design for groundwater solute transport: Tests of methods and analysis of Cape Cod tracer test data","docAbstract":"Tests of a one-dimensional sampling design methodology on measurements of bromide concentration collected during the natural gradient tracer test conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, demonstrate its efficacy for field studies of solute transport in groundwater and the utility of one-dimensional analysis. The methodology was applied to design of sparse two-dimensional networks of fully screened wells typical of those often used in engineering practice. In one-dimensional analysis, designs consist of the downstream distances to rows of wells oriented perpendicular to the groundwater flow direction and the timing of sampling to be carried out on each row. The power of a sampling design is measured by its effectiveness in simultaneously meeting objectives of model discrimination, parameter estimation, and cost minimization. One-dimensional models of solute transport, differing in processes affecting the solute and assumptions about the structure of the flow field, were considered for description of tracer cloud migration. When fitting each model using nonlinear regression, additive and multiplicative error forms were allowed for the residuals which consist of both random and model errors. The one-dimensional single-layer model of a nonreactive solute with multiplicative error was judged to be the best of those tested. Results show the efficacy of the methodology in designing sparse but powerful sampling networks. Designs that sample five rows of wells at five or fewer times in any given row performed as well for model discrimination as the full set of samples taken up to eight times in a given row from as many as 89 rows. Also, designs for parameter estimation judged to be good by the methodology were as effective in reducing the variance of parameter estimates as arbitrary designs with many more samples. Results further showed that estimates of velocity and longitudinal dispersivity in one-dimensional models based on data from only five rows of fully screened wells each sampled five or fewer times were practically equivalent to values determined from moments analysis of the complete three-dimensional set of 29,285 samples taken during 16 sampling times.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/90WR02657","usgsCitation":"Knopman, D.S., Voss, C.I., and Garabedian, S.P., 1991, Sampling design for groundwater solute transport: Tests of methods and analysis of Cape Cod tracer test data: Water Resources Research, v. 27, no. 5, p. 925-949, https://doi.org/10.1029/90WR02657.","productDescription":"25 p. ","startPage":"925","endPage":"949","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338085,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-01-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d38d61e4b0236b68f98f7e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knopman, Debra S.","contributorId":51472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knopman","given":"Debra","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Voss, Clifford I. 0000-0001-5923-2752 cvoss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5923-2752","contributorId":1559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voss","given":"Clifford","email":"cvoss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garabedian, Stephen P.","contributorId":91090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garabedian","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70016575,"text":"70016575 - 1991 - Magellan: Radar performance and data products","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-19T15:45:18.006354","indexId":"70016575","displayToPublicDate":"1991-04-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Magellan: Radar performance and data products","docAbstract":"The Magellan Venus orbiter carries only one scientific instrument: a 12.6-centimeter wavelength radar system shared among three data-taking modes. The synthetic-aperture mode images radar echoes from the Venus surface at a resolution of between 120 and 300 meters, depending on spacecraft altitude. In the altimetric mode, relative height measurement accuracies may approach 5 meters, depending on the terrain's roughness, although orbital uncertainties place a floor of about 50 meters on the absolute uncertainty. In areas of extremely rough topography, accuracy is limited by the inherent line-of-sight radar resolution of about 88 meters. The maximum elevation observed to date, corresponding to a planetary radius of 6062 kilometers, lies within Maxwell Mons. When used as a thermal emission radiometer, the system can determine surface emissivities to an absolute accuracy of about 0.02. Mosaicked and archival digital data products will be released in compact disk (CDROM) format.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.252.5003.260","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Pettengill, G., Ford, P., Johnson, W., Raney, R., and Soderblom, L.A., 1991, Magellan: Radar performance and data products: Science, v. 252, no. 5003, p. 260-265, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.252.5003.260.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"260","endPage":"265","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223016,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"252","issue":"5003","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4b2de4b0c8380cd69349","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pettengill, G.H.","contributorId":43899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pettengill","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ford, P.G.","contributorId":62342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ford","given":"P.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, W.T.K.","contributorId":27174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"W.T.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Raney, R.K.","contributorId":27613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raney","given":"R.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Soderblom, Laurence A. 0000-0002-0917-853X lsoderblom@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0917-853X","contributorId":2721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soderblom","given":"Laurence","email":"lsoderblom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":373933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":5222572,"text":"5222572 - 1991 - Effect of hunting on annual survival of grey ducks in New Zealand","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-02T16:51:37.034425","indexId":"5222572","displayToPublicDate":"1991-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of hunting on annual survival of grey ducks in New Zealand","docAbstract":"We used band recovery data from grey ducks (Anas superciliosa) banded in New Zealand between 1957 and 1974 to test 2 null hypotheses: (1) hunting mortality is completely additive to natural sources of mortality, and (2) hunting mortality is completely compensated by changes in natural mortality. We modeled annual survival as a function of survival in the absence of hunting and the probability of death from hunting. The complete compensation hypothesis was rejected, but we were unable to reject the completely additive hypothesis. There was no evidence of sex- or age-specificity for the relationship between kill rate and annual survival rate. We used simulated data to evaluate model performance. Parameter estimates were unbiased despite the inclusion of estimates that lay outside the bounds of the parameter space, although model-based variance estimates were consistently less than empirical variances. Our results imply that harvest-restrictions may be useful in effecting change in annual survival rates of grey ducks.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3809148","usgsCitation":"Barker, R.J., Hines, J.E., and Nichols, J., 1991, Effect of hunting on annual survival of grey ducks in New Zealand: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 55, no. 2, p. 260-265, https://doi.org/10.2307/3809148.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"260","endPage":"265","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197445,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"New Zealand","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[173.02037,-40.91905],[173.24723,-41.332],[173.95841,-40.9267],[174.24759,-41.34916],[174.24852,-41.77001],[173.87645,-42.23318],[173.22274,-42.97004],[172.71125,-43.37229],[173.08011,-43.85334],[172.30858,-43.86569],[171.45293,-44.24252],[171.18514,-44.8971],[170.6167,-45.90893],[169.83142,-46.35577],[169.33233,-46.64124],[168.41135,-46.61994],[167.76374,-46.2902],[166.67689,-46.21992],[166.50914,-45.8527],[167.04642,-45.11094],[168.30376,-44.12397],[168.94941,-43.93582],[169.66781,-43.55533],[170.52492,-43.03169],[171.12509,-42.51275],[171.56971,-41.76742],[171.94871,-41.51442],[172.09723,-40.9561],[172.79858,-40.49396],[173.02037,-40.91905]]],[[[174.61201,-36.1564],[175.33662,-37.2091],[175.3576,-36.52619],[175.80889,-36.79894],[175.95849,-37.55538],[176.7632,-37.88125],[177.43881,-37.96125],[178.01035,-37.57982],[178.51709,-37.69537],[178.27473,-38.58281],[177.97046,-39.16634],[177.20699,-39.14578],[176.93998,-39.44974],[177.03295,-39.87994],[176.88582,-40.06598],[176.50802,-40.60481],[176.01244,-41.28962],[175.23957,-41.68831],[175.0679,-41.42589],[174.65097,-41.28182],[175.22763,-40.45924],[174.90016,-39.90893],[173.82405,-39.50885],[173.85226,-39.1466],[174.5748,-38.79768],[174.74347,-38.02781],[174.69702,-37.38113],[174.29203,-36.71109],[174.319,-36.53482],[173.841,-36.12198],[173.05417,-35.23713],[172.63601,-34.52911],[173.00704,-34.45066],[173.5513,-35.00618],[174.32939,-35.2655],[174.61201,-36.1564]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"New Zealand\"}}]}","volume":"55","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db6254e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barker, Richard J.","contributorId":206174,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barker","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":37272,"text":"University of Otago; Dunedin, New Zealand","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":336542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hines, James E. 0000-0001-5478-7230 jhines@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":146530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"James","email":"jhines@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":336543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nichols, James D. jnichols@usgs.gov","contributorId":139082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James D.","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":336541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5222575,"text":"5222575 - 1991 - Population trends from the American woodcock singing-ground survey, 1970-88","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-29T17:29:53.660849","indexId":"5222575","displayToPublicDate":"1991-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population trends from the American woodcock singing-ground survey, 1970-88","docAbstract":"Population trend analysis of American woodcook (Scolopax minor) using data from a singing-ground survey indicates population declines throughout the breeding range of the species between 1970 and 1988. In the eastern United States and Canada, this decline has been quite consistent throughout the period, but in the central portion of the continent the population increased during the 1970's and declined during the early 1980's. Observers differ in their ability to hear woodcock, and we document observer differences in the singing-ground survey data and incorporate them into our analyses. Habitat changes have been suggested as the most likely cause of declines in woodcock populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3809154","usgsCitation":"Sauer, J., and Bortner, J.B., 1991, Population trends from the American woodcock singing-ground survey, 1970-88: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 55, no. 2, p. 300-312, https://doi.org/10.2307/3809154.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"300","endPage":"312","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199539,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.0967375093654,\n 49.09595677704732\n ],\n [\n -96.0967375093654,\n 35.435945782001156\n ],\n [\n -61.30126610548075,\n 35.435945782001156\n ],\n [\n -61.30126610548075,\n 49.09595677704732\n ],\n [\n -96.0967375093654,\n 49.09595677704732\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"55","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db683db8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sauer, John R. jrsauer@usgs.gov","contributorId":3737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"John R.","email":"jrsauer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":336553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bortner, James B.","contributorId":83381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bortner","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016872,"text":"70016872 - 1991 - Quasi-static fault growth and shear fracture energy in granite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-29T17:18:40.742354","indexId":"70016872","displayToPublicDate":"1991-03-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quasi-static fault growth and shear fracture energy in granite","docAbstract":"The failure process in a brittle granite sample can be stabilized by controlling axial stress to maintain a constant rate of acoustic emission. As a result, the post-failure stress curve can be followed quasistatically, extending to hours the fault growth process which normally would occur violently in a fraction of a second. Using a procedure originally developed to locate earthquakes, acoustic emission arrival-time data are inverted to obtain three-dimensional locations of microseisms. These locations provide a detailed view of fracture nucleation and growth.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1038/350039a0","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Lockner, D., Byerlee, J., Kuksenko, V., Ponomarev, A., and Sidorin, A., 1991, Quasi-static fault growth and shear fracture energy in granite: Nature, v. 350, no. 6313, p. 39-42, https://doi.org/10.1038/350039a0.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"39","endPage":"42","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224807,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"350","issue":"6313","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a927be4b0c8380cd808a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lockner, D.A. 0000-0001-8630-6833","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8630-6833","contributorId":85603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockner","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Byerlee, J.D.","contributorId":69982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byerlee","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kuksenko, V.","contributorId":15771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuksenko","given":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ponomarev, A.","contributorId":70120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponomarev","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sidorin, A.","contributorId":106648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sidorin","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70243192,"text":"70243192 - 1991 - Slip rate, earthquake recurrence, and seismogenic potential of the Rodgers Creek Fault Zone, northern California: Initial results","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-03T14:39:31.89408","indexId":"70243192","displayToPublicDate":"1991-03-01T09:33:19","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Slip rate, earthquake recurrence, and seismogenic potential of the Rodgers Creek Fault Zone, northern California: Initial results","docAbstract":"Instrumental seismicity defines a seismic gap along the Rodgers Creek fault zone (RCFZ) between Santa Rosa and San Pablo Bay. Results of a paleoseismicity study within the gap, using offset channels in late Holocene alluvial deposits as piercing points, indicate a minimum slip rate of 2.1 to 5.8 mm/yr for the past 1300 years, a preferred range for the maximum recurrence interval of 248 to 679 years, and a surface offset of 2 +0.3, −0.2 m during the most recent event. The RCFZ has produced past M7 earthquakes, and historical seismicity data indicate a minimum elapsed time of 182 years since the most recent earthquake of this size.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/91GL00465","usgsCitation":"Budding, K.E., Schwartz, D.P., and Oppenheimer, D.H., 1991, Slip rate, earthquake recurrence, and seismogenic potential of the Rodgers Creek Fault Zone, northern California: Initial results: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 18, no. 3, p. 447-450, https://doi.org/10.1029/91GL00465.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"447","endPage":"450","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":416658,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Rodgers Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.02346838200202,\n 38.80232759324389\n ],\n [\n -123.02346838200202,\n 38.053878971224805\n ],\n [\n -121.90527996846316,\n 38.053878971224805\n ],\n [\n -121.90527996846316,\n 38.80232759324389\n ],\n [\n -123.02346838200202,\n 38.80232759324389\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"18","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Budding, Karin E.","contributorId":32164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budding","given":"Karin","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":871421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwartz, David P. 0000-0001-5193-9200 dschwartz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5193-9200","contributorId":1940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"David","email":"dschwartz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":871422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oppenheimer, David H. oppen@usgs.gov","contributorId":1112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oppenheimer","given":"David","email":"oppen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":871423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70178244,"text":"70178244 - 1991 - Decreased survival of rainbow trout exposed to no. 2 fuel oil caused by sublethal preexposure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-08T13:23:57","indexId":"70178244","displayToPublicDate":"1991-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Decreased survival of rainbow trout exposed to no. 2 fuel oil caused by sublethal preexposure","docAbstract":"Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were exposed for 21 d to sublethal levels of No. 2 fuel oil (2FO). The four exposure concentrations ranged from 12 to 100 mg/L 2FO dispersed in water and resulted in 0 to 12% mortality. Following this exposure period (preexposure) the ability of preexposed trout to survive exposure to acutely lethal levels of 2FO was observed. Preexposure to either 50 or 100 mg/L 2FO consistently resulted in decreased survival and a lower LC50 for a given observation period. Unfortunately, because the LC50 determinations were not obtained independently, they could not be used to test statistically the effects of preexposure on survival. Therefore, two proportional hazard modeling techniques were applied to the data to test for effects due to preexposure. Both modeling techniques indicated that preexposure results in decreased survival of rainbow trout exposed to acutely toxic levels of 2FO. Thus, in contrast to preexposure to metals, which results in acclimation, preexposure to 2FO results in decreased survival.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620100308","usgsCitation":"Steadman, B.L., Stubblefield, W.A., Lapoint, T.W., Bergman, H., and Kaiser, M., 1991, Decreased survival of rainbow trout exposed to no. 2 fuel oil caused by sublethal preexposure: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 10, no. 3, p. 355-363, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620100308.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"355","endPage":"363","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330868,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1991-03-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5822f23de4b0ef3123a9704a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steadman, B. L.","contributorId":176635,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Steadman","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stubblefield, W. A.","contributorId":176736,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stubblefield","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lapoint, T. W.","contributorId":176737,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lapoint","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bergman, H.L.","contributorId":73553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergman","given":"H.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kaiser, M.S.","contributorId":37836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaiser","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70207705,"text":"70207705 - 1991 - Sonobuoy seismic studies at ODP drill sites in Prydz Bay, Antarctica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-15T14:38:23.691853","indexId":"70207705","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-07T11:15:50","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Sonobuoy seismic studies at ODP drill sites in Prydz Bay, Antarctica","docAbstract":"Five sonobuoy seismic-refraction records were collected along the Leg 119 geophysical transect across the Prydz Bay shelf. Velocity-depth profiles are computed from the sonobuoy data and are used to produce a depth section for the principal acoustic unit boundaries observed in the seismic-reflection data along the transect. Traveltime curves generated by ray-tracing for models constructed from downhole velocity logs are compared to curves generated for models based solely on the sonobuoy data. This comparison reveals that sonobuoy data are less reliable for analysis of lithostratigraphy in vertically and laterally complex areas; however, the sonobuoy data can be used to accurately estimate the depth to a specific horizon in the reflection data to within 10 m. Near-surface velocities exceed 2.0 km/s at all sites, indicating likely overconsolidation of sediments due to glacial loading and erosion during periods of grounded ice sheets on the shelf. Sedimentary rock velocities exclusively were observed beneath the shelf to depths of 3 km. At the landward site a deep refraction is observed with a velocity and vertical gradient indicative of basement rock.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Texas A&M University, Ocean Drilling Program","doi":"10.2973/odp.proc.sr.119.1991","usgsCitation":"Cochrane, G.R., and Cooper, A.K., 1991, Sonobuoy seismic studies at ODP drill sites in Prydz Bay, Antarctica, in Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, v. 119, p. 27-43, https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.sr.119.1991.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"27","endPage":"43","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371036,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Prydz Bay, Antarctica","volume":"119","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cochrane, Guy R. 0000-0002-8094-4583 gcochrane@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8094-4583","contributorId":2870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochrane","given":"Guy","email":"gcochrane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooper, Alan K. acooper@usgs.gov","contributorId":2854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"Alan","email":"acooper@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70126506,"text":"70126506 - 1991 - User's guide to the wetland creation/restoration data base, version 2","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-22T12:19:17","indexId":"70126506","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T13:53:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"title":"User's guide to the wetland creation/restoration data base, version 2","docAbstract":"Wetland creation or restoration projects are frequently proposed as mitigation for unavoidable wetland losses, as components of wetland enhancement programs, and as tools to accomplish specific objectives such as waterfowl production or flood control. There is considerable controversy concerning the effectiveness of such projects as well as the most appropriate and efficient techniques to employ. The importance of the resource and the long time scales involved in fully evaluating a creation or restoration effort make it imperative to consider existing information as fully as possible in the development and evaluation of wetland creation or restoration proposals.
To aid in the evaluation of wetland/creation efforts, the U.s. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), National Ecology Research Center, has developed the Wetland Creation/Restoration (WCR) Data Base. The data base is a highly indexed or keyworded bibliography of wetland creation or restoration articles. (\"Articles\" refers to any type of publication that deals specifically with wetland creation/restoration projects or studies.) The scope of the articles is international, although most of them are concerned with projects conducted in the United States. Information coded for each article includes author; citation; type of wetland and its location in terms of state, ecoregion, and FWS region; type of study undertaken; objectives in creating or restoring the wetland; actions performed to realize those objectives; length of time encompassed by the study; evaluation of results and responses to the wetland creation/restoration actions; and a listing of plant species significant to the project. A brief annotation summarizes the article and includes any significant additional information that may not be adequately reflected in the above described fields.
Many of these articles describe only one or two components of a total wetland restoration effort. Planning a project that is designed to restore a wetland system (including at least some of its functions) is similar to constructing a picture from a number of puzzle pieces--missing pieces represent data gaps or information that is not available. Articles range from specific case studies, to overviews of restoration methods and techniques, to planning restoration projects and assessing programmatic and administrative backgrounds and interactions.
In this data base, the term \"restoration\" is applied loosely to include rehabilitation of wetlands. It may refer to a number of situations or actions including, but not limited to:
1. breaching dikes or plugging drains;
2. water pollution clean-up;
3. conversion of eutrophic conditions;
4. wastewater treatment;
5. recolonization of previously disturbed or denuded areas;
6. amelioration of adverse conditions (erosion, wave, or wind action);
7. soil treatment --mulching, fertilization;
8. rerouting streams --may include construction of meander patterns;
9. monitoring natural vegetation; or
0. excluding grazers (geese, cattle) and monitoring results.
This report describes the format and content of Version 2 of the WCR data base. Version 2 differs from the previous version described in SchnellerMcDonald et al. (1988): several fields have been dropped and condensed and new records have been added. Version 2 includes all records distributed with the earlier version and its updates. We recommend you replace any previous version with Version 2.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Miller, L., Auble, G.T., and Schneller-McDonald, K., 1991, User's guide to the wetland creation/restoration data base, version 2, 31 p.","productDescription":"31 p.","numberOfPages":"31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":294355,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5422bb3be4b08312ac7cf124","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Lee","contributorId":41757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Lee","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Auble, Gregor T. 0000-0002-0843-2751 aubleg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0843-2751","contributorId":2187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auble","given":"Gregor","email":"aubleg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schneller-McDonald, Keith","contributorId":37661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneller-McDonald","given":"Keith","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70138488,"text":"70138488 - 1991 - The neotectonic setting of Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-30T18:52:43","indexId":"70138488","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T13:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The neotectonic setting of Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"The island of Puerto Rico, in the northeast Caribbean, lies within a broad deformation zone between the Caribbean and North American plates. The simplest model for the tectonic setting of Puerto Rico has major strike-slip movement on nearly east-west lines in the vicinity of the Puerto Rico Trench coupled to a small counterclockwise rotation of a Puerto Rico block within the broader plate boundary zone. This simple model is attractive because it predicts the tectonic regime south of Puerto Rico, and provides an explanation for a possible component of extension across the Puerto Rico Trench west of 65.5°W. GLORIA long-range sidescan sonar data and seismic reflection profiles have been used to test this model by mapping the major tectonic features across the plate boundary north and south of Puerto Rico. To the north, the new data help to resolve between conflicting models, of underthrusting or strike-slip motion at the Puerto Rico Trench. No direct evidence of compression is seen, although evidence for normal and strike-slip movement is abundant. This, combined with regional considerations, leads us to conclude that the main east-west-trending part of the Puerto Rico Trench between 65.5°W and 68°W lies within a strike-slip regime, although oblique convergence occurs both to the east and west where the plate boundary trends east-southeast. To the south of Puerto Rico, underthrusting of the Caribbean plate beneath the island decreases from west to east, and it is ultimately replaced by extension in the Virgin Islands Basin east of 65°W.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1991)103<0144:TNSOPR>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Masson, D., and Scanlon, K.M., 1991, The neotectonic setting of Puerto Rico: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 103, no. 1, p. 144-154, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1991)103<0144:TNSOPR>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"144","endPage":"154","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297342,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Puerto Rico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -67.587890625,\n 17.43451055152291\n ],\n [\n -65.2587890625,\n 17.43451055152291\n ],\n [\n -65.2587890625,\n 19.02057711096681\n ],\n [\n -67.587890625,\n 19.02057711096681\n ],\n [\n -67.587890625,\n 17.43451055152291\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"103","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2c6de4b08de9379b37dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Masson, D.G.","contributorId":44160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masson","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scanlon, Kathryn M.","contributorId":6816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scanlon","given":"Kathryn","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70126469,"text":"70126469 - 1991 - Application and partial validation of a habitat model for moose in the Lake Superior region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-03T14:09:32","indexId":"70126469","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T11:33:47","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":693,"text":"Alces","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application and partial validation of a habitat model for moose in the Lake Superior region","docAbstract":"A modified version of the dormant-season portion of a Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) model developed for assessing moose (Alces alces) habitat in the Lake Superior Region was incorporated in a Geographic Information System (GIS) for 490 km2 of Minnesota's Superior National Forest. Moose locations (n=235) were plotted during aerial surveys conducted in December 1988 and January 1990-1991. Dormant-season forage and cover quality for 1,000-m, 500-m, and 200-m radii plots around random points and moose locations were compared using U.S. Forest Service stand examination data. Cover quality indices were lower than forage quality indices within all plots. The median value for the average cover quality index was greater (P=0.003) within 200-m plots around cow moose locations than for plots around random points for the most severe winter of the study. The proportion of highest-quality winter cover, such as mixed stands dominated by mid-age class white spruce (Picea glauca) and balsam fir (Abies balsanea), was greater within 500-m and 200-m plots around cow moose than within similar plots around random points during the two most severe winters. These results indicate that suboptimum ratings of winter habitat quality used in the GIS for dormant-season forage >100 m from cover, as suggested in the original HSI model, are reasonable. Integrating the habitat model with forest stand data using a GIS permitted analysis of moose habitat within a relatively large geographic area. Simulation of habitat quality indicated a potential shortage of late-winter cover in the study area. The effects of forest management actions on moose habitat quality can be simulated without collecting additional data.
","language":"English","publisher":"Lakehead University","publisherLocation":"Thunder Bay, Ontario","usgsCitation":"Allen, A., Terrell, J., Mangus, W., and Lindquist, E.L., 1991, Application and partial validation of a habitat model for moose in the Lake Superior region: Alces, v. 27, p. 50-64.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"50","endPage":"64","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":294320,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":340768,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://flash.lakeheadu.ca/~arodgers/Alces/vol27_1991.html"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Superior region","volume":"27","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5422bb15e4b08312ac7cef0f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, A.W.","contributorId":78282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"A.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Terrell, J.W.","contributorId":15975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terrell","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mangus, W.L.","contributorId":58580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mangus","given":"W.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lindquist, E. L.","contributorId":60342,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lindquist","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":57207,"text":"ofr91507 - 1991 - Directory of assistance centers of the National Water Data Exchange (NAWDEX)","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":18166,"text":"ofr90142 - 1990 - Directory of assistance centers of the National Water Data Exchange (NAWDEX)","indexId":"ofr90142","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"title":"Directory of assistance centers of the National Water Data Exchange (NAWDEX)"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":57207,"text":"ofr91507 - 1991 - Directory of assistance centers of the National Water Data Exchange (NAWDEX)","indexId":"ofr91507","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"title":"Directory of assistance centers of the National Water Data Exchange (NAWDEX)"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-25T11:29:56","indexId":"ofr91507","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T11:24:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-507","title":"Directory of assistance centers of the National Water Data Exchange (NAWDEX)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr91507","usgsCitation":"Blackwell, C.D., 1991, Directory of assistance centers of the National Water Data Exchange (NAWDEX): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 91-507, iv, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr91507.","productDescription":"iv, 37 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":290991,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57feb9e0e4b0824b2d156159","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blackwell, Cassandra D.","contributorId":25562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blackwell","given":"Cassandra","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":256349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70126915,"text":"70126915 - 1991 - Effects of roadside habitat and fox density on a snow track survey for foxes in Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-20T12:37:05","indexId":"70126915","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T09:21:17","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2938,"text":"Ohio Journal of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of roadside habitat and fox density on a snow track survey for foxes in Ohio","docAbstract":"Many methods have been used to survey red fox (Vulpes vulpes) and gray fox (Urocyon dnereoargenteus) populations. However, none has proven entirely satisfactory, and wild foxes remain one of the most difficult economically important wildlife species to monitor. In this study we evaluated the reliability of a snow track survey method for foxes by investigating whether the average number of road crossings per fox is influenced by changes in roadside habitat or changes in fox density. Several snow track surveys were conducted in two Ohio counties during January and February, 1984. Data on roadside habitat, relative fox densities, and fox crossings were collected. Results suggested that changes in roadside habitat could influence the average number of crossings per fox and, therefore, changes in the index could occur independent of actual population changes. We found no evidence that crossings per fox varied with fox density, but further research is needed to substantiate this finding.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ohio Journal of Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Ohio State University and the Ohio Academy of Science","publisherLocation":"Columbus, OH","usgsCitation":"Stanley, T.R., and Bart, J., 1991, Effects of roadside habitat and fox density on a snow track survey for foxes in Ohio: Ohio Journal of Science, v. 91, no. 5, p. 186-187.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"186","endPage":"187","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":294454,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"91","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54252eaee4b0e641df8a6f8d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stanley, Thomas R. 0000-0002-8393-0005 stanleyt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8393-0005","contributorId":209928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"Thomas","email":"stanleyt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bart, Jonathan jon_bart@usgs.gov","contributorId":57025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bart","given":"Jonathan","email":"jon_bart@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":502190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015583,"text":"70015583 - 1991 - National aerial photography program as a geographic information system resource","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:58","indexId":"70015583","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"National aerial photography program as a geographic information system resource","docAbstract":"The National Aerial Photography Program (NAPP) is jointly funded by Federal agencies and States that choose to participate in a 50-50 cost sharing cooperative arrangement. The NAPP is designed to acquire black-and-white (B&W) or color infrared (CIR) photography at a scale of 1:40,000. The status of NAPP flying, now going into the first year of its second 5-year cycle, is reviewed to inform the user community of NAPP's coverage. The resolution, geometric quality and flight parameters are used to estimate the system's cartographic potential to produce orthophotoquads, digital elevation models, topographic maps and digital information to meet national map accuracy standards at 1:12,000 and 1:24,000-scale and serve as a geographic information system resource. Also, a technique is presented to compute the optimum scanning spot size (15 ??m) and storage required for converting the B&W or CIR photography to digital, machine-readable pixel form. The resulting digital NAPP data are suitable for a wide variety of new applications, including use in geographic information systems.","largerWorkTitle":"GIS/LIS 1991 ACSM-ASPRS Fall Convention","conferenceTitle":"1991 ACSM-ASPRS Fall Convention","conferenceDate":"28 October 1991 through 1 November 1991","conferenceLocation":"Atlanta, GA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASPRS","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD, United States","usgsCitation":"Light, D.L., 1991, National aerial photography program as a geographic information system resource, in GIS/LIS 1991 ACSM-ASPRS Fall Convention, Atlanta, GA, USA, 28 October 1991 through 1 November 1991.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223943,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6259e4b0c8380cd71e77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Light, Donald L.","contributorId":28011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Light","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70016374,"text":"70016374 - 1991 - Vanadium accumulation in carbonaceous rocks: A review of geochemical controls during deposition and diagenesis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-20T20:34:01","indexId":"70016374","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vanadium accumulation in carbonaceous rocks: A review of geochemical controls during deposition and diagenesis","docAbstract":"Published data relevant to the geochemistry of vanadium were used to evaluate processes and conditions that control vanadium accumulation in carbonaceous rocks. Reduction, adsorption, and complexation of dissolved vanadium favor addition of vanadium to sediments rich in organic carbon. Dissolved vanadate (V(V)) species predominate in oxic seawater and are reduced to vanadyl ion (V(IV)) by organic compounds or H2S. Vanadyl ion readily adsorbs to particle surfaces and is added to the sediment as the particles settle. The large vanadium concentrations of rocks deposited in marine as compared to lacustrine environments are the result of the relatively large amount of vanadium provided by circulating ocean water compared to terrestrial runoff. Vanadium-rich carbonaceous rocks typically have high contents of organically bound sulfur and are stratigraphically associated with phosphate-rich units. A correspondence between vanadium content and organically bound sulfur is consistent with high activities of H2S during sediment deposition. Excess H2S exited the sediment into bottom waters and favored reduction of dissolved V(V) to V(IV) or possibly V(III). The stratigraphic association of vanadiferous and phosphatic rocks reflects temporal and spatial shifts in bottom water chemistry from suboxic (phosphate concentrated) to more reducing (euxinic?) conditions that favor vanadium accumulation. During diagenesis some vanadium-organic complexes migrate with petroleum out of carbonaceous rocks, but significant amounts of vanadium are retained in refractory organic matter or clay minerals. As carbon in the rock evolves toward graphite during metamorphism, vanadium is incorporated into silicate minerals. ?? 1991.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0009-2541(91)90083-4","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Breit, G.N., and Wanty, R., 1991, Vanadium accumulation in carbonaceous rocks: A review of geochemical controls during deposition and diagenesis: Chemical Geology, v. 91, no. 2, p. 83-97, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(91)90083-4.","startPage":"83","endPage":"97","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223567,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266073,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(91)90083-4"}],"volume":"91","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc111e4b08c986b32a439","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Breit, G. N.","contributorId":94664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breit","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wanty, R. B. 0000-0002-2063-6423","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2063-6423","contributorId":66704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wanty","given":"R. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1008522,"text":"1008522 - 1991 - Evaluation of a mark-recapture method for estimating mortality and migration rates of stratified populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-14T14:40:35","indexId":"1008522","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of a mark-recapture method for estimating mortality and migration rates of stratified populations","docAbstract":"We simulated mark–recapture experiments to evaluate a method for estimating fishing mortality and migration rates of populations stratified at release and recovery. When fish released in two or more strata were recovered from different recapture strata in nearly the same proportions, conditional recapture probabilities were estimated outside the [0, 1] interval. The maximum likelihood estimates tended to be biased and imprecise when the patterns of recaptures produced extremely \"flat\" likelihood surfaces. Absence of bias was not guaranteed, however, in experiments where recapture rates could be estimated within the [0, 1] interval. Inadequate numbers of tag releases and recoveries also produced biased estimates, although the bias was easily detected by the high sampling variability of the estimates. A stratified tag–recapture experiment with sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) was used to demonstrate procedures for analyzing data that produce biased estimates of recapture probabilities. An estimator was derived to examine the sensitivity of recapture rate estimates to assumed differences in natural and tagging mortality, tag loss, and incomplete reporting of tag recoveries.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/f91-035","usgsCitation":"Dorazio, R., and Rago, P., 1991, Evaluation of a mark-recapture method for estimating mortality and migration rates of stratified populations: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 48, p. 254-260, https://doi.org/10.1139/f91-035.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"254","endPage":"260","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130903,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5faf0e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dorazio, R.M. 0000-0003-2663-0468","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2663-0468","contributorId":23475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorazio","given":"R.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rago, P.J.","contributorId":50099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rago","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014906,"text":"70014906 - 1991 - Analysis of glacier facies using satellite techniques","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-07T00:11:41.599719","indexId":"70014906","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2328,"text":"Journal of Glaciology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of glacier facies using satellite techniques","docAbstract":"The different snow and ice types on a glacier may be subdivided according to the glacier-facies concept. The surficial expression of some facies may be detected at the end of the balance year by the use of visible and near-infrared image data from the Landsat multispectral scanner (MSS) and thematic mapper (TM) sensors. Ice and snow can be distinguished by reflectivity differences in individual or ratioed TM bands on Brúarjökull, an outlet glacier on the northern margin of the Vatnajökull ice cap, Iceland. The Landsat scene shows the upper limit of wet snow on 24 August 1986. Landsat-derived reflectance is lowest for exposed ice and increases markedly at the transient snow line. Above the slush zone is a gradual increase in near-infrared reflectance as a result of decreasing grain-size of the snow, which characterizes drier snow. Landsat data are useful in measuring the areal extent of the ice facies, the slush zone within the wet-snow facies, the snow facies (combined wet-snow, percolation and dry-snow facies), and the respective positions of the transient snow line and the slush limit. In addition, fresh snowfall and/or airborne contaminants, such as soot and tcphra, can limit the utility of Landsat data for delineation of the glacier facies in some cases.
CT: Theintegration of remote sensing tools and technology with the spatial analysis orientation of geographic information systems is a complex task. In this paper, we focus on the issues of making data available and useful to the user. In part, this involves a set of problems which reflect on the physical and logical structures used to encode the data. At the same time, however, the mechanisms and protocols which provide information about the data, and which maintain the data through time, have become increasingly important. We discuss these latter issues from the viewpoint of the functions which must be provided by archives of spatial data.
","language":"English","publisher":"ASPRS","usgsCitation":"Ehlers, M., Greenlee, D.D., Smith, T., and Star, J., 1991, Integration of remote sensing and GIS: Data and data access: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 57, no. 6, p. 669-675.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"669","endPage":"675","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342299,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"593ad70fe4b0764e6c602186","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ehlers, M.","contributorId":60437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ehlers","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Greenlee, D. D.","contributorId":20079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greenlee","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, T.","contributorId":28032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Star, J.","contributorId":192749,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Star","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1014851,"text":"1014851 - 1991 - S-layer positive motile aeromonads isolated from channel catfish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-10T22:37:41.630943","indexId":"1014851","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"S-layer positive motile aeromonads isolated from channel catfish","docAbstract":"Motile aeromonads are ubiquitous aquatic bacteria that can cause motile aeromonad septicemia (MAS), a disease which affects channel catfish and can produce significant economic loss. Motile aeromonads isolated from commercially-raised channel catfish were screened for production of S-layer protein in order to evaluate its potential role in natural epizootics. The S-layer protein was produced by 14 of 24 (58%).isolates from epizootics evaluated in this study. Concomitant infections with other internal pathogens were detected in 10 of the 24 cases used in this study, and only one of those 10 isolates (10%) produced the S-layer protein. When Aeromonas sp. was the only internal pathogen diagnosed, 13 of 14 (93%) isolates produced the S-layer protein.
An unconformity of 100 m.yr magnitude continues to form on the western edge of the Florida-Bahama Platform, near 26??N, where distal Mississippi Fan sediments are progressively burying the Florida Escarpment. Multiple perspectives of the developing unconformity's morphology are revealed using available technologies including GLORIA images of the entire platform's edge, Seabeam bathymetric contours, and Deep-Tow's high resolution side-scan data calibrated with bottom photographs. The structure and stratigraphy of the buried escarpment and the associated unconformity are resolved by airgun, sparker, and Deep-Tow's 4 kHz seismic reflection data; we summarize the morphological data on the exposed part of the unconformity and the sedimentary deposits accumulating in the basin above the unconformity. The exposed cliff face is composed of a staircase of bedding-plane terraces which are developed along joint planes. The terraces extend 100-1000 m along the escarpment's face, and the intervening vertical walls are up to 100 m high. The jointed morphology of this Mesozoic limestone cliff apparently reflects erosional exposure of its interior anatomy rather than its accretionary shape. The change in slope between the platform face and the abyssal plain is very abrupt. In places along the contact between the escarpment and fan sediments, reduced chemical-charged brine seeps occur, which locally cause carbonate dissolution and precipitation, sulfide mineralization, and the deposition of a fossiliferous and organic carbon-rich lens associated with chemosynthetic communities. These seep deposits and escarpment-derived megabreccias intercalate with basinal sediments that overlie the unconformity. Because surface seismic reflection data do not produce images of the escarpment's face that closely reflect the exposed escarpment's morphology, they must also be of limited value in characterizing the surface of similar steeply dipping buried escarpments. Thus, the downslope extent of the heavily eroded platform edge is unclear.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/0025-3227(91)90070-K","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Paull, C.K., Twichell, D., Spiess, F.N., and Curray, J.R., 1991, Morphological development of the Florida Escarpment: Observations on the generation of time transgressive unconformities in carbonate terrains: Marine Geology, v. 101, no. 1-4, p. 181-201, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(91)90070-K.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"181","endPage":"201","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":223120,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Florida Escarpment, Gulf of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.70361328125,\n 23.624394569716923\n ],\n [\n -79.4970703125,\n 23.624394569716923\n ],\n [\n -79.4970703125,\n 30.90222470517144\n ],\n [\n -88.70361328125,\n 30.90222470517144\n ],\n [\n -88.70361328125,\n 23.624394569716923\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"101","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5e40e4b0c8380cd708d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paull, C. K.","contributorId":86845,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paull","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Twichell, D.C.","contributorId":84304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twichell","given":"D.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Spiess, Fred N.","contributorId":16059,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spiess","given":"Fred","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":6728,"text":"Scripps Inst Oceanography","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":373570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Curray, Joseph R.","contributorId":92424,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Curray","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6728,"text":"Scripps Inst Oceanography","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":373573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70178159,"text":"70178159 - 1991 - Chemometric comparison of polychlorinated biphenyl residues and toxicologically active polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in the eggs of Forster's Terns (Sterna fosteri)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-17T15:57:24","indexId":"70178159","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemometric comparison of polychlorinated biphenyl residues and toxicologically active polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in the eggs of Forster's Terns (Sterna fosteri)","docAbstract":"The separation and characterization of complex mixtures of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is approached from the perspective of a problem in chemometrics. A technique for quantitative determination of PCB congeners is described as well as an enrichment technique designed to isolate only those congener residues which induce mixed aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase enzyme activity. A congener-specific procedure is utilized for the determination of PCBs in whichn-alkyl trichloroacetates are used as retention index marker compounds. Retention indices are reproducible in the range of ±0.05 to ±0.7 depending on the specific congener. A laboratory data base system developed to aid in the editing and quantitation of data generated from capillary gas chromatography was employed to quantitate chromatographic data. Data base management was provided by computer programs written in VAX-DSM (Digital Standard MUMPS) for the VAX-DEC (Digital Equipment Corp.) family of computers.
In the chemometric evaluation of these complex chromatographic profiles, data are viewed from a single analysis as a point in multi-dimensional space. Principal Components Analysis was used to obtain a representation of the data in a lower dimensional space. Two-and three-dimensional proections based on sample scores from the principal components models were used to visualize the behavior of Aroclor® mixtures. These models can be used to determine if new sample profiles may be represented by Aroclor profiles. Concentrations of individual congeners of a given chlorine substitution may be summed to form homologue concentration. However, the use of homologue concentrations in classification studies with environmental samples can lead to erroneous conclusions about sample similarity. Chemometric applications are discussed for evaluation of Aroclor mixture analysis and compositional description of environmental residues of PCBs in eggs of Forster's terns (Sterna fosteri) collected from colonies near Lake Poygan and Green Bay, Wisconsin. The application of chemometrics is extended to the comparison of: a) Aroclors and PCB-containing environmental samples; to b) fractions of Aroclors and of environmental samples that have been enriched in congeners which induce mixed aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase enzyme activity.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01055903","usgsCitation":"Schwartz, T.R., and Stalling, D.L., 1991, Chemometric comparison of polychlorinated biphenyl residues and toxicologically active polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in the eggs of Forster's Terns (Sterna fosteri): Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 20, no. 2, p. 183-199, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01055903.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"183","endPage":"199","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330745,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"581d9e2ee4b0dee4cc90cbfb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schwartz, Ted R.","contributorId":36510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"Ted","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stalling, David L.","contributorId":176670,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stalling","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70168822,"text":"70168822 - 1991 - Federal support for seismological research; past, present, and future.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-03T16:37:38","indexId":"70168822","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1437,"text":"Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Federal support for seismological research; past, present, and future.","docAbstract":"Data from the past 20 years indicate a strong temporal correlation between major California earthquakes and icnreased federal funding for seismology.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Sarewitz, D.R., 1991, Federal support for seismological research; past, present, and future.: Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS), v. 22, no. 3, p. 115-116.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"115","endPage":"116","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":318548,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56d96e41e4b015c306f7646b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sarewitz, D. R.","contributorId":167338,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sarewitz","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}