Three borehole flowmeters and hydrophysical logging were used to measure ground-water flow in carbonate bedrock at sites in southeastern Indiana and on the west-central border of Kentucky and Tennessee. The three flowmeters make point measurements of the direction and magnitude of horizontal flow, and hydrophysical logging measures the magnitude of horizontal flowover an interval. The directional flowmeters evaluated include a horizontal heat-pulse flowmeter, an acoustic Doppler velocimeter, and a colloidal borescope flowmeter. Each method was used to measure flow in selected zones where previous geophysical logging had indicated water-producing beds, bedding planes, or other permeable features that made conditions favorable for horizontal-flow measurements.
Background geophysical logging indicated that ground-water production from the Indiana test wells was characterized by inflow from a single, 20-foot-thick limestone bed. The Kentucky/Tennessee test wells produced water from one or more bedding planes where geophysical logs indicated the bedding planes had been enlarged by dissolution. Two of the three test wells at the latter site contained measurable vertical flow between two or more bedding planes under ambient hydraulic head conditions.
Field measurements and data analyses for each flow-measurement technique were completed by a developer of the technology or by a contractor with extensive experience in the application of that specific technology. Comparison of the horizontal-flow measurements indicated that the three point-measurement techniques rarely measured the same velocities and flow directions at the same measurement stations. Repeat measurements at selected depth stations also failed to consistently reproduce either flow direction, flow magnitude, or both. At a few test stations, two of the techniques provided similar flow magnitude or direction but usually not both. Some of this variability may be attributed to naturally occurring changes in hydraulic conditions during the 1-month study period in August and September 1999. The actual velocities and flow directions are unknown; therefore, it is uncertain which technique provided the most accurate measurements of horizontal flow in the boreholes and which measurements were most representative of flow in the aquifers.
The horizontal heat-pulse flowmeter consistently yielded flow magnitudes considerably less than those provided by the acoustic Doppler velocimeter and colloidal borescope. The design of the horizontal heat-pulse flowmeter compensates for the local acceleration of ground-water velocity in the open borehole. The magnitude of the velocities estimated from the hydrophysical logging were comparable to those of the horizontal heat-pulse flowmeter, presumably because the hydrophysical logging also effectively compensates for the effect of the borehole on the flow field and averages velocity over a length of borehole rather than at a point. The acoustic Doppler velocimeter and colloidal borescope have discrete sampling points that allow for measuring preferential flow velocities that can be substantially higher than the average velocity through a length of borehole. The acoustic Doppler velocimeter and colloidal borescope also measure flow at the center of the borehole where the acceleration of the flow field should be greatest.
Of the three techniques capable of measuring direction and magnitude of horizontal flow, only the acoustic Doppler velocimeter measured vertical flow. The acoustic Doppler velocimeter consistently measured downward velocity in all test wells. This apparent downward flow was attributed, in part, to particles falling through the water column as a result of mechanical disturbance during logging. Hydrophysical logging yielded estimates of vertical flow in the Kentucky/Tennessee test wells. In two of the test wells, the hydrophysical logging involved deliberate isolation of water-producing bedding planes with a packer to ensure that small horizontal flow could be quantified without the presence of vertical flow. The presence of vertical flow in the Kentucky/Tennessee test wells may preclude the definitive measurement of horizontal flow without the use of effective packer devices. None of the point-measurement techniques used a packer, but each technique used baffle devices to help suppress the vertical flow. The effectiveness of these baffle devices is not known; therefore, the effect of vertical flow on the measurements cannot be quantified.
The general lack of agreement among the point-measurement techniques in this study highlights the difficulty of using measurements at a single depth point in a borehole to characterize the average horizontal flow in a heterogeneous aquifer. The effective measurement of horizontal flow may depend on the precise depth at which measurements are made, and the measurements at a given depth may vary over time as hydraulic head conditions change. The various measurements also demonstrate that the magnitude and possibly the direction of horizontal flow are affected by the presence of the open borehole. Although there is a lack of agreement among the measurement techniques, these results could mean that effective characterization of horizontal flow in heterogeneous aquifers might be possible if data from many depth stations and from repeat measurements can be averaged over an extended time period. Complications related to vertical flow in the borehole highlights the importance of using background logging methods like vertical flowmeters or hydrophysical logging to characterize the borehole environment before horizontal-flow measurements are attempted. If vertical flow is present, a packer device may be needed to acquire definitive measurements of horizontal flow.
Because hydrophysical logging provides a complete depth profile of the borehole, a strength of this technique is in identifying horizontal- and vertical-flow zones in a well. Hydrophysical logging may be most applicable as a screening method. Horizontal- flow zones identified with the hydrophysical logging then could be evaluated with one of the point-measurement techniques for quantifying preferential flow zones and flow directions.
Additional research is needed to determine how measurements of flow in boreholes relate to flow in bedrock aquifers. The flowmeters may need to be evaluated under controlled laboratory conditions to determine which of the methods accurately measure ground-water velocities and flow directions. Additional research also is needed to investigate variations in flow direction with time, daily changes in velocity, velocity corrections for fractured bedrock aquifers and unconsolidated aquifers, and directional differences in individual wells for hydraulically separated flow zones.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri014139","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Environmental Center, Environmental Restoration Division","usgsCitation":"Wilson, J.T., Mandell, W.A., Paillet, F.L., Bayless, E.R., Hanson, R.T., Kearl, P.M., Kerfoot, W.B., Newhouse, M.W., and Pedler, W.H., 2001, An evaluation of borehole flowmeters used to measure horizontal ground-water flow in limestones of Indiana, Kentucky, and Tennessee, 1999: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4139, Report: ix, 129 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014139.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 129 p.","numberOfPages":"139","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":2922,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4139","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":161477,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4139/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":358653,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4139/wri20014139.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.03 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 2001-4139"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana, Kentucky, Tennessee","contact":"Director, Indiana Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
5957 Lakeside Blvd.
Indianapolis, IN 46278
Borehole geophysical logs, heatpulse-flowmeter measurements, and aquifer-isolation tests were used to characterize the ground-water-flow system at the AIW Frank/Mid-County Mustang Superfund Site. The site is underlain by fractured carbonate rocks. Caliper, natural-gamma, single-point-resistance, fluid-resistivity, and fluid-temperature logs were run in six wells, and an acoustic borehole televiewer and borehole deviation log was run in one well. The direction and rate of borehole-fluid movement was measured with a high-resolution heatpulse flowmeter for both nonpumping and pumping conditions in four wells. The heatpulse-flowmeter measurements showed flow within the borehole during nonpumping conditions in three of the four wells tested. Flow rates up to 1.4 gallons per minute were measured. Flow was upward in one well and both upward and downward in two wells. Aquifer-isolation (packer) tests were conducted in four wells to determine depth-discrete specific capacity values, to obtain depth-discrete water samples, and to determine the effect of pumping an individual fracture or fracture zone in one well on water levels in nearby wells. Water-level data collected during aquifer-isolation tests were consistent with and confirmed interpretations of borehole geophysical logs and heatpulse-flowmeter measurements. Seven of the 13 fractures identified as water-producing or water-receiving zones by borehole geophysical methods produced water at a rate equal to or greater than 7.5 gallons per minute when isolated and pumped. The specific capacities of isolated fractures range over three orders of magnitude, from 0.005 to 7.1 gallons per minute per foot. Vertical distribution of specific capacity between land surface and 298 feet below land surface is not related to depth. The four highest specific capacities, in descending order, are at depths of 174-198, 90-92, 118-119, and 34-37 feet below land surface.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri014004","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Sloto, R.A., 2001, Evaluation of borehole geophysical logs and hydraulic tests, phase III, at AIW Frank/Mid-County Mustang Superfund Site, Chester County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4004, vi, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014004.","productDescription":"vi, 33 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":123924,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4004/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":2918,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4004/wri20014004.pdf","text":"Report","size":"706 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 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Pennsylvania Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
215 Limekiln Road
New Cumberland, PA 17070
Potential errors were derived for individual discharge measurements and stage-discharge relations for 17 streamflow-gaging stations in Maricopa County. Information presented primarily consists of stage and discharge data that were used to develop the stage-discharge relations that were in effect for water year 1998. Accuracy of the discharge measurements directly relate to accuracy of the stage-discharge relation developed for each site. Stage-discharge relations generally are developed using direct measurements of stage and discharge, indirect measurements of peak discharge, and theoretical weir and culvert computations. Accuracy of current-meter measurements of discharge (direct measurements) depends on factors such as the number of subsections in the measurement, stability of the channel, changes in flow conditions, and accuracy of the equipment. Accuracy of indirect measurements of peak discharge is determined by the accuracy of discharge coefficients and flow type selected for the computations. The accuracy of indirect peak-discharge computations generally is less than the accuracy associated with current-meter measurements.
\nCurrent-meter measurements, indirect measurements of discharge, weir and culvert computations, and step-backwater computations are graphically represented on plots of the stage-discharge relations. Potential errors associated with the discharge measurements at selected sites are depicted as error bars on the plots.
\nPotential errors derived for discharge measurements at 17 sites range from 5 to 25 percent. Errors generally are greater for measurements of large flows in channels having unstable controls using indirect methods.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Tucson, AZ","doi":"10.3133/wri004224","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Flood Control District of Maricopa County","usgsCitation":"Tillery, A.C., Phillips, J.V., and Capesius, J.P., 2001, Potential errors associated with stage-discharge relations for selected streamflow-gaging stations, Maricopa County, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4224, vi, 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004224.","productDescription":"vi, 47 p.","numberOfPages":"54","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":288400,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288399,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4224/report.pdf"}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Lambert Conformal Conic projection","country":"United States","state":"Arizona","county":"Maricopa County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -113.0,32.5 ], [ -113.0,34.0 ], [ -111.5,34.0 ], [ -111.5,32.5 ], [ -113.0,32.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683860","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tillery, Anne C. 0000-0002-9508-7908 atillery@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9508-7908","contributorId":2549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillery","given":"Anne","email":"atillery@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":204424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phillips, Jeff V.","contributorId":50510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Jeff","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Capesius, Joseph P. capesius@usgs.gov","contributorId":698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capesius","given":"Joseph","email":"capesius@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":204423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":31357,"text":"ofr00173 - 2001 - Computer program for simulation of variable recharge with the U. S. Geological Survey modular finite-difference ground-water flow model (MODFLOW)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:07","indexId":"ofr00173","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-173","title":"Computer program for simulation of variable recharge with the U. S. Geological Survey modular finite-difference ground-water flow model (MODFLOW)","docAbstract":"The Variable-Recharge Package is a\r\ncomputerized method designed for use with the\r\nU.S. Geological Survey three-dimensional finitedifference\r\nground-water flow model\r\n(MODFLOW-88) to simulate areal recharge to an\r\naquifer. It is suitable for simulations of aquifers in\r\nwhich the relation between ground-water levels\r\nand land surface can affect the amount and\r\ndistribution of recharge. The method is based on\r\nthe premise that recharge to an aquifer cannot\r\noccur where the water level is at or above land\r\nsurface. Consequently, recharge will vary\r\nspatially in simulations in which the Variable-\r\nRecharge Package is applied, if the water levels\r\nare sufficiently high. The input data required by\r\nthe program for each model cell that can\r\npotentially receive recharge includes the average\r\nland-surface elevation and a quantity termed\r\n?water available for recharge,? which is equal to\r\nprecipitation minus evapotranspiration.\r\nThe Variable-Recharge Package also can\r\nbe used to simulate recharge to a valley-fill\r\naquifer in which the valley fill and the adjoining\r\nuplands are explicitly simulated. Valley-fill\r\naquifers, which are the most common type of\r\naquifer in the glaciated northeastern United\r\nStates, receive much of their recharge from\r\nupland sources as channeled and(or) unchanneled\r\nsurface runoff and as lateral ground-water flow.\r\nSurface runoff in the uplands is generated in the\r\nmodel when the applied water available for\r\nrecharge is rejected because simulated water\r\nlevels are at or above land surface. The surface\r\nrunoff can be distributed to other parts of the\r\nmodel by (1) applying the amount of the surface\r\nrunoff that flows to upland streams (channeled\r\nrunoff) to explicitly simulated streams that flow\r\nonto the valley floor, and(or) (2) applying the\r\namount that flows downslope toward the valley-\r\nfill aquifer (unchanneled runoff) to specified\r\nmodel cells, typically those near the valley wall.\r\nAn example model of an idealized valley-\r\nfill aquifer is presented to demonstrate application\r\nof the method and the type of information that can\r\nbe derived from its use. Documentation of the\r\nVariable-Recharge Package is provided in the\r\nappendixes and includes listings of model code\r\nand of program variables. Comment statements in\r\nthe program listings provide a narrative of the\r\ncode. Input-data instructions and printed model\r\noutput for the package are included.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr00173","usgsCitation":"Kontis, A., 2001, Computer program for simulation of variable recharge with the U. S. Geological Survey modular finite-difference ground-water flow model (MODFLOW): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-173, vi, 75 p. : ill. ; 28 cm. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00173.","productDescription":"vi, 75 p. : ill. ; 28 cm. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":3022,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://ny.water.usgs.gov/pubs/of/of00173/OF00-173.pdf ","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160932,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0173/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59769,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0173/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b19e4b07f02db6a781d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kontis, A.L.","contributorId":69542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kontis","given":"A.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":25768,"text":"wri014002 - 2001 - Simulation of ground-water flow in the Mojave River basin, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-12T15:55:39.9397","indexId":"wri014002","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4002","title":"Simulation of ground-water flow in the Mojave River basin, California","docAbstract":"The proximity of the Mojave River ground-water basin to the highly urbanized Los Angeles region has led to rapid growth in population and, consequently, to an increase in the demand for water. The Mojave River, the primary source of surface water for the region, normally is dry-except for a small stretch of perennial flow and periods of flow after intense storms. Thus, the region relies almost entirely on ground water to meet its agricultural and municipal needs. Ground-water withdrawal since the late 1800's has resulted in discharge, primarily from pumping wells, that exceeds natural recharge. To better understand the relation between the regional and the floodplain aquifer systems and to develop a management tool that could be used to estimate the effects that future stresses may have on the ground-water system, a numerical ground-water flow model of the Mojave River ground-water basin was developed, in part, on the basis of a previously developed analog model. The ground-water flow model has two horizontal layers; the top layer (layer 1) corresponds to the floodplain aquifer and the bottom layer (layer 2) corresponds to the regional aquifer. There are 161 rows and 200 columns with a horizontal grid spacing of 2,000 by 2,000 feet. Two stress periods (wet and dry) per year are used where the duration of each stress period is a function of the occurrence, quantity of discharge, and length of stormflow from the headwaters each year. A steady-state model provided initial conditions for the transient-state simulation. The model was calibrated to transient-state conditions (1931-94) using a trial-and-error approach. The transient-state simulation results are in good agreement with measured data. Under transient-state conditions, the simulated floodplain aquifer and regional aquifer hydrographs matched the general trends observed for the measured water levels. The simulated streamflow hydrographs matched wet stress period average flow rates and times of no flow at the Barstow and Afton Canyon gages. Steady-state particle-tracking was used to estimate travel times for mountain-front and streamflow recharge. The simulated travel times for mountain-front recharge to reach the area west of Victorville were about 5,000 to 6,000 years; this result is in reasonable agreement with published results. Steady-state particle-tracking results for streamflow recharge indicate that in most subareas along the river, the particles quickly leave and reenter the river. The complaint that resulted in the adjudication of the Mojave River ground-water basin alleged that the cumulative water production upstream of the city of Barstow had overdrafted the ground-water basin. In order to ascertain the effect of pumping on ground-water and surface-water relations along the Mojave River, two pumping simulations were compared with the 1931-90 transient-state simulation (base case). The first simulation assumed 1931-90 pumping in the upper region (Este, Oeste, Alto, and Transition zone model subareas) but with no pumping in the remainder of the basin, and the second assumed 1931-90 pumping in the lower region (Centro, Harper Lake, Baja, Coyote Lake, and Afton Canyon model subareas) but with no pumping in remainder of the basin. In the upper region, assuming pumping only in the upper region, there was no change in storage, recharge from the Mojave River, ground-water discharge to the Mojave River, or evapotranspiration when compared with the base case. In the lower region, assuming pumping only in the upper region, there was storage accretion, decreased recharge from the Mojave River, increased ground-water discharge to the Mojave River, and increased evapotranspiration when compared with the base case. In the upper region, assuming pumping only in the lower region, there was storage accretion, decreased recharge from the Mojave River, increased ground-water discharge to the Mojave River, and increased evapotranspiration when compared with the base case. In the
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri014002","usgsCitation":"Stamos, C., Martin, P., Nishikawa, T., and Cox, B.F., 2001, Simulation of ground-water flow in the Mojave River basin, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4002, Report: viii, 129 p.; Errata; 2 video files, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014002.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 129 p.; Errata; 2 video files","numberOfPages":"137","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157028,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri014002.JPG"},{"id":299437,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri014002/pdf/wrir014002.pdf","text":"PDF Version 1","size":"5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":1846,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri014002","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":299443,"rank":9,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri014002/video/wrir014002.m4v","text":"A two-dimensional view of the model simulation--simulation period 1931-99 (.m4v)","size":"1.9 MB"},{"id":299442,"rank":8,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri014002/video/wrir014002.mov","text":"A two-dimensional view of the model simulation--simulation period 1931-99 (.mov)","size":"3.1 MB"},{"id":299441,"rank":7,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri014002/pdf/cover.pdf","text":"Cover","size":"7.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":299440,"rank":6,"type":{"id":12,"text":"Errata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri014002/errata/wrir014002.errata.html","text":"Errata sheet"},{"id":299439,"rank":5,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri014002/pdf/wrir014002_ver3.pdf","text":"PDF Version 3","size":"5.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":299438,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri014002/pdf/wrir014002_ver2.pdf","text":"PDF Version 2","size":"5.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mojave Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.05908203124999,\n 34.14363482031264\n ],\n [\n -118.05908203124999,\n 36.05798104702501\n ],\n [\n -115.59814453125001,\n 36.05798104702501\n ],\n [\n -115.59814453125001,\n 34.14363482031264\n ],\n [\n -118.05908203124999,\n 34.14363482031264\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f8e4b07f02db5f298b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stamos, Christina L. 0000-0002-1007-9352","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1007-9352","contributorId":19593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stamos","given":"Christina L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, Peter pmmartin@usgs.gov","contributorId":799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Peter","email":"pmmartin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":194990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nishikawa, Tracy 0000-0002-7348-3838 tnish@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7348-3838","contributorId":1515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nishikawa","given":"Tracy","email":"tnish@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":194991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cox, Brett F. bcox@usgs.gov","contributorId":5793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"Brett","email":"bcox@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":194992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":30965,"text":"wri014203 - 2001 - Trends in peak flows of selected streams in Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-09T13:27:50.577402","indexId":"wri014203","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4203","displayTitle":"Trends in Peak Flows of Selected Streams in Kansas","title":"Trends in peak flows of selected streams in Kansas","docAbstract":"The possibility of a systematic change in flood potential led to an investigation of trends in the magnitude of annual peak flows in Kansas. Efficient design of highway bridges and other flood-plain structures depends on accurate understanding of flood characteristics. The Kendall's tau test was used to identify trends at 40 stream-gaging stations during the 40-year period 1958–97. Records from 13 (32 percent) of the stations showed significant trends at the 95-percent confidence level. Only three of the records (8 percent) analyzed had increasing trends, whereas 10 records (25 percent) had decreasing trends, all of which were for stations located in the western one-half of the State. An analysis of flow volume using mean annual discharge at 29 stations in Kansas resulted in 6 stations (21 percent) with significant trends in flow volumes. All six trends were decreasing and occurred in the western one-half of the State.
The Kendall's tau test also was used to identify peak-flow trends over the entire period of record for 54 stream-gaging stations in Kansas. Of the 23 records (43 percent) showing significant trends, 16 (30 percent) were decreasing, and 7 (13 percent) were increasing. The trend test then was applied to 30-year periods moving in 5-year increments to identify time periods within each station record when trends were occurring.
Systematic changes in precipitation patterns and long-term declines in ground-water levels in some stream basins may be contributing to peak-flow trends. To help explain the cause of the streamflow trends, the Kendall's tau test was applied to total annual precipitation and ground-water levels in Kansas. In western Kansas, the lack of precipitation and presence of decreasing trends in ground-water levels indicated that declining water tables are contributing to decreasing trends in peak streamflow. Declining water tables are caused by ground-water withdrawals and other factors such as construction of ponds and terraces.
Peak-flow records containing trends introduce statistical error into flood-frequency analysis. To examine the effect of trends on flood-frequency analysis, statistically significant trends were added systematically to four nontrending station records. Flood magnitudes estimated on the basis of each data series were compared. The added trends resulted in changes in the 100-year flood magnitudes of as much as 70 percent.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri014203","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Kansas Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Rasmussen, T.J., and Perry, C.A., 2001, Trends in peak flows of selected streams in Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4203, Report: vi, 62 p.; 2 Additional Report Pieces, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014203.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 62 p.; 2 Additional Report Pieces","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159954,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4203/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":401972,"rank":6,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4203/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":362181,"rank":5,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report 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\"}}]}","contact":"Director, Kansas Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1217 Biltmore Drive
Lawrence, KS 66049
Chapman Creek, a tributary to the Mad River, passes within about 500 feet of a landfill near Tremont City, in Clark County, west-central Ohio. In autumn 2000, the ground-water/surface-water relation was investigated by use of piezometers, seepage meters, temperature monitors, and a gain-loss study. Four piezometers were installed in the streambed along about a 1-mile reach, inclusive of the landfill. Four seepage-meter tests were done at locations near two of the piezometers. Four temperature-monitoring stations were established along a reach of about 700 feet near the landfill. A fifth temperature station was located near a piezometer about 3,000 feet downstream from the landfill. A streamflow gain-loss study was done over a 3-mile reach that included the reaches studied with the other methods. The data from the piezometers, seepage meters, and temperature monitors indicated an apparent change from losing to gaining and back again several times over fairly short distances. The gain-loss data indicated that the creek was consistently a gaining stream over the 3-mile reach. Investigation of streambed conditions and local geology revealed that the streambed consists of sand and gravel overlying a finegrained till layer. The stream water readily moves in and out of the coarse streambed such that the piezometers, seepage meters, and temperature monitors measured the local flow in the streambed; therefore, these data did not reflect the true relation between the creek and ground water. On the other hand, the gain-loss study, less affected by the movement of water in the streambed, showed that Chapman Creek probably is a gaining stream throughout the 3-mile reach.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri014202","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Dumouchelle, D.H., 2001, Evaluation of ground-water/surface-water relations, Chapman Creek,West-Central Ohio, by means of multiple methods: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001–4202, iv, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014202.","productDescription":"iv, 13 p.","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":95887,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4202/wri20014202.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 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\"}}]}","contact":"Director, Ohio Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6460 Busch Blvd.
Columbus, OH 43229-1737
A study was done to estimate the effects of urban development in the Houston, Texas, metropolitan area on nine stormwater runoff characteristics. Three of the nine characteristics define the magnitude of stormwater runoff, and the remaining six characteristics describe the shape and duration of a storm hydrograph. Multiple linear regression was used to develop equations to estimate the nine stormwater runoff characteristics from basin and rainfall characteristics. Five basin characteristics and five rainfall characteristics were tested in the regressions to determine which basin and rainfall characteristics significantly affect stormwater runoff characteristics. Basin development factor was found to be significant in equations for eight of the nine stormwater runoff characteristics. Two sets of equations were developed, one for each of two regions based on soil type, from a database containing 1,089 storm discharge hydrographs for 42 sites compiled during 1964–89.
The effects of urban development on the eight stormwater runoff characteristics were quantified by varying basin development factor in the equations and recomputing the stormwater runoff characteristics. The largest observed increase in basin development factor for region 1 (north of Buffalo Bayou) during the study resulted in corresponding increases in the characteristics that define magnitude of stormwater runoff ranging from about 40 percent (for direct runoff) to 235 percent (for peak yield); and corresponding decreases in the characteristics that describe hydrograph shape and duration ranging from about 22 percent (for direct runoff duration) to about 58 percent (for basin lag). The largest observed increase in basin development factor for region 2 (south of Buffalo Bayou) during the study resulted in corresponding increases in the characteristics that define magnitude of stormwater runoff ranging from about 33 percent (for direct runoff) to about 210 percent (for both peak flow and peak yield); and corresponding decreases in the characteristics that describe hydrograph shape and duration ranging from about 38 percent (for direct runoff duration) to about 64 percent (for basin lag).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri014071","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Harris County Flood Control District and the City of Houston","usgsCitation":"Liscum, F., 2001, Effects of urban development on stormwater runoff characteristics for the Houston, Texas, metropolitan area: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4071, HTML Document; Report: iv, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014071.","productDescription":"HTML Document; Report: iv, 35 p.","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160310,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri014071.JPG"},{"id":2879,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri01-4071/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":333093,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri01-4071/pdf/wri01-4071.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.36 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","city":"Houston","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.59478759765624,\n 29.482643134466617\n ],\n [\n -95.8502197265625,\n 29.73099249532227\n ],\n [\n -95.84747314453125,\n 30.080978010788556\n ],\n [\n -95.75,\n 30.25\n ],\n [\n -95.3778076171875,\n 30.259067203213018\n ],\n [\n -95.00976562499999,\n 30.10236569641242\n ],\n [\n -95,\n 29.5\n ],\n [\n -95.59478759765624,\n 29.482643134466617\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a27e4b07f02db610081","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liscum, Fred","contributorId":95463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liscum","given":"Fred","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":31191,"text":"ofr00479 - 2001 - Selected ground-water data for Yucca Mountain region, southern Nevada and eastern California, through December 1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:07","indexId":"ofr00479","displayToPublicDate":"2001-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-479","title":"Selected ground-water data for Yucca Mountain region, southern Nevada and eastern California, through December 1999","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in support of the U.S. Department of Energy, Yucca Mountain Site Characterization Project, collects, compiles, and summarizes hydrologic data in the Yucca Mountain region. The data are collected to allow assessments of ground-water resources during studies to determine the potential suitability of Yucca Mountain for storing high-level nuclear waste.\r\n\r\nData on ground-water levels at 34 wells and a fissure (Devils Hole), ground-water discharge at 5 springs and a flowing well, and total reported ground-water withdrawals within Crater Flat, Jackass Flats, Mercury Valley, and the Amargosa Desert are presented for calendar year 1999. Data collected prior to 1999 are graphically presented and data collected by other agencies (or as part of other Geological Survey programs) are included to further indicate variations of ground-water levels, discharges, and withdrawals through time.\r\n\r\nA statistical summary of ground-water levels at seven wells in Jackass Flats is presented to indicate potential effects of ground-water withdrawals associated with U.S. Department of Energy activities near Yucca Mountain. The statistical summary includes the number of measurements, the maximum, minimum, and median water-level altitudes, and the average deviation of measured water-level altitudes for selected baseline periods and for calendar years 1992-99. At two water-supply wells median water levels for calendar year 1999 were unchanged from their respective baseline periods. At a nearby observation well, the 1999 median water level was slightly lower (0.1 foot) than its baseline period. At the remaining four wells in Jackass Flats, median water levels for 1999 were slightly higher (0.2 foot to 1.6 feet) than for their respective baseline periods.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr00479","usgsCitation":"Locke, G., 2001, Selected ground-water data for Yucca Mountain region, southern Nevada and eastern California, through December 1999: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-479, iv, 75 p. : ill., map ; 28 cm. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00479.","productDescription":"iv, 75 p. : ill., map ; 28 cm. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2703,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/ofr00479/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":160862,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9914","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Locke, G.L.","contributorId":59065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Locke","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":31342,"text":"ofr01346 - 2001 - Deep regional resistivity structure across the Battle Mountain-Eureka and Carlin trends, north-central Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-07T19:39:39.553006","indexId":"ofr01346","displayToPublicDate":"2001-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-346","title":"Deep regional resistivity structure across the Battle Mountain-Eureka and Carlin trends, north-central Nevada","docAbstract":"Magnetotelluric data collected along four, regional scale, southwest-to-northeast profiles show deep resistivity structures beneath the Battle Mountain-Eureka and Carlin gold trends in north-central Nevada, which appear consistent with tectonic breaks in the crust that possibly served as channels for hydrothermal fluids. It seems likely that gold deposits along these linear trends were, therefore, controlled by deep regional crustal fault systems.
Two-dimensional resistivity modeling of the magnetotelluric data generally show resistive (30 to 1,000 ohm-m) crustal blocks broken by narrow, sub-vertical, two-dimensional, conductive (1 to 10 ohm-m) zones that are indicative of large-scale crustal fault zones. These inferred fault zones are regional in scale, trend southeast-to-northwest, and extend to mid-crustal (20 km) depths. The conductors are about 3 to 15 km wide, extend from 1 to 8 km below the surface to about 20 km depth, and show two- dimensional electrical structure with general north to northwesterly strikes. From connecting the locations of the conductors together, a single regional crustal fault zone can be inferred that is about 10 km wide within the upper crust and about 150-km long. It coincides with the Battle Mountain-Eureka mineral trend. The images also show regional changes in the resistive crust from north to south. Most of Reese River Valley and Boulder Valley are underlain by a thick (20 km) southwest-to-northeast section of conductive (1 to 10 ohm-m) rock, suggesting that high-temperature fluids are more pervasive in this area (Battle Mountain Heat-Flow High), which implies that the crust beneath these valleys is more fractured than in the areas surveyed to the south.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr01346","usgsCitation":"Rodriguez, B.D., and Williams, J.M., 2001, Deep regional resistivity structure across the Battle Mountain-Eureka and Carlin trends, north-central Nevada (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-346, 165 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01346.","productDescription":"165 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":413772,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_43391.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":2997,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/ofr-01-0346/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":159952,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Battle Mountain-Eureka and Carlin trends","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.9,\n 41.2\n ],\n [\n -115.9,\n 39.525\n ],\n [\n -117.217,\n 39.525\n ],\n [\n -117.217,\n 41.2\n ],\n [\n -115.9,\n 41.2\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672547","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodriguez, Brian D. 0000-0002-2263-611X brod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2263-611X","contributorId":836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"Brian","email":"brod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":205731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, Jackie M.","contributorId":11217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Jackie","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":61485,"text":"mf2370 - 2001 - Interpretive geologic cross sections for the Death Valley regional flow system and surrounding areas, Nevada and California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T17:45:47","indexId":"mf2370","displayToPublicDate":"2001-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2370","title":"Interpretive geologic cross sections for the Death Valley regional flow system and surrounding areas, Nevada and California","docAbstract":"This report presents a network of 28 geologic cross sections that portray subsurface geologic relations within the Death Valley regional ground-water system, a ground-water basin that encompasses a 3? x 3? area (approximately 70,000 km2) in southern Nevada and eastern California. The cross sections transect that part of the southern Great Basin that includes Death Valley, the Nevada Test Site, and the potential high-level nuclear waste underground repository at Yucca Mountain. The specific geometric relationships portrayed on the cross sections are discussed in the context of four general sub-regions that have stratigraphic similarities and general consistency of structural style: (1) the Nevada Test Site vicinity; (2) the Spring Mountains, Pahrump Valley and Amargosa Desert region; (3) the Death Valley region; and (4) the area east of the Nevada Test Site. \r\nThe subsurface geologic interpretations portrayed on the cross sections are based on an integration of existing geologic maps, measured stratigraphic sections, published cross sections, well data, and geophysical data and interpretations. The estimated top of pre-Cenozoic rocks in the cross sections is based on inversion of gravity data, but the deeper parts of the sections are based on geologic conceptual models and are more speculative. \r\nThe region transected by the cross sections includes part of the southern Basin and Range Province, the northwest-trending Walker Lane belt, the Death Valley region, and the northern Mojave Desert. The region is structurally complex, where a locally thick Tertiary volcanic and sedimentary section unconformably overlies previously deformed Proterozoic through Paleozoic rocks. All of these rocks have been deformed by complex Neogene ex-tensional normal and strike-slip faults. These cross sections form a three-dimensional network that portrays the interpreted stratigraphic and structural relations in the region; the sections form part of the geologic framework that will be incorporated in a complex numerical model of ground-water flow in the Death Valley region.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf2370","usgsCitation":"Sweetkind, D.S., Dickerson, R., Blakely, R., and Denning, P., 2001, Interpretive geologic cross sections for the Death Valley regional flow system and surrounding areas, Nevada and California: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2370, Three sheets: Sheet 1, 60 by 36 inches; sheet 2, 84 by 36 inches; sheet 3, 71 by 36 inches (all in color). Sheet 1, scale 1:750,000 and 1:1,500,000; sheet 2 and 3, scale 1:100,000 and 1:250,000 and 1:1,500,000; Accompanied by 35 p. text., https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2370.","productDescription":"Three sheets: Sheet 1, 60 by 36 inches; sheet 2, 84 by 36 inches; sheet 3, 71 by 36 inches (all in color). Sheet 1, scale 1:750,000 and 1:1,500,000; sheet 2 and 3, scale 1:100,000 and 1:250,000 and 1:1,500,000; Accompanied by 35 p. text.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":186978,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":110217,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_44623.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"44623"},{"id":6050,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2001/mf-2370/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"0","country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118,35 ], [ -118,38 ], [ -115,38 ], [ -115,35 ], [ -118,35 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48b2e4b07f02db530ce7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sweetkind, D. S.","contributorId":61507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sweetkind","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dickerson, R. P.","contributorId":23968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dickerson","given":"R. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blakely, R.J. 0000-0003-1701-5236","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1701-5236","contributorId":70755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blakely","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Denning, Paul pdenning@usgs.gov","contributorId":168842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denning","given":"Paul","email":"pdenning@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":265788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":30927,"text":"wri014091 - 2001 - Calibration and validation of a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model of the Ohio River, Jefferson County, Kentucky","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-06T21:54:38.359566","indexId":"wri014091","displayToPublicDate":"2001-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"01-4091","title":"Calibration and validation of a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model of the Ohio River, Jefferson County, Kentucky","docAbstract":"The quantification of current patterns is an essential component of a Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program (WASP) application in a riverine environment. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) provided a field validated two-dimensional Resource Management Associates-2 (RMA-2) hydrodynamic model capable of quantifying the steady-flowpatterns in the Ohio River extending from river mile 590 to 630 for the Ohio River Valley Water Sanitation Commission (ORSANCO) water-quality modeling efforts on that reach. Because of the hydrodynamic complexities induced by McAlpine Locks and Dam (Ohio River mile 607), the model was split into two segments: an upstream reach, which extended from the dam upstream to the upper terminus of the study reach at Ohio River mile 590; and a downstream reach, which extended from the dam downstream to a lower terminus at Ohio River mile 636.
The model was calibrated to a low-flow hydraulic survey (approximately 35,000 cubic feet per second (ft3/s)) and verified with data collected during a high-flow survey (approximately 390,000 ft3/s). The model calibration and validation process included matching water-surface elevations at 10 locations and velocity profiles at 30 cross sections throughout the study reach. Based on the calibration and validation results, the model is a representative simulation of the Ohio River steady-flow patterns below discharges of approximately 400,000 ft3/s.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri014091","usgsCitation":"Wagner, C.R., and Mueller, D.S., 2001, Calibration and validation of a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model of the Ohio River, Jefferson County, Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 01-4091, Report: v, 33 p.; 2 Data Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014091.","productDescription":"Report: v, 33 p.; 2 Data Files","costCenters":[{"id":354,"text":"Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":415394,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_42110.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":267958,"rank":2,"type":{"id":19,"text":"Raw Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4091/OhioDSMcAlpineBathy.pts"},{"id":267957,"rank":3,"type":{"id":19,"text":"Raw Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4091/OhioUSMcAlpineBathy.pts"},{"id":264623,"rank":4,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4091/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":264622,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4091/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Kentucky","county":"Jefferson County","otherGeospatial":"Ohio River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.6126587855457,\n 38.42787057563183\n ],\n [\n -85.96164325693006,\n 38.42787057563183\n ],\n [\n -85.96164325693006,\n 38.043843909617834\n ],\n [\n -85.6126587855457,\n 38.043843909617834\n ],\n [\n -85.6126587855457,\n 38.42787057563183\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publicComments":"Raw Data files provided are the ancillery bathymetry data of the Ohio River used to develop the model. One of the raw data files contains upstream data while the other contains downstream data.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9597","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wagner, C. R.","contributorId":102881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mueller, D. S.","contributorId":51338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}