{"pageNumber":"143","pageRowStart":"3550","pageSize":"25","recordCount":4111,"records":[{"id":70015531,"text":"70015531 - 1986 - Pb, Sr, Nd, and Hf isotopic constraints on the origin of Hawaiian basalts and evidence for a unique mantle source","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-03T15:23:30.756072","indexId":"70015531","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pb, Sr, Nd, and Hf isotopic constraints on the origin of Hawaiian basalts and evidence for a unique mantle source","docAbstract":"<p>Pb, Sr, Nd, and Hf isotopic relationships among basalts from the Hawaiian Islands suggest that these basalts were derived from three sources; the oceanic lithosphere (Kea end member), the depleted asthenosphere (posterosional end member) and a deep-mantle plume (Koolau end member).</p><p>Hawaiian tholeiites are derived within the lithosphere and the isotopic trends collectively defined by the tholeiite data are interpreted as a plume-lithosphere mixing trend. The isotopic characteristics of late-stage basalts are derived from the tholeiite source (lithosphere + plume) with additional input from the lithosphere, asthenosphere, or both. These basalts probably originate from near the asthenosphere-lithosphere boundary. Posterosional basalts are derived from the depleted asthenosphere, but their isotopic characteristics have been slightly modified by either the plume or the source of previously erupted volcanics. The isotopic data require little or no mixing of asthenospheric material into the plume during tholeiite production and thus are consistent with the concept of a rapidly ascending, fluid-rich plume. In addition to providing a source of heat, the plume may supply volatiles to both the sources of tholeiites and posterosional basalts.</p><p>The isotopic characteristics of the Koolau (plume) component are unique among OIB sources. If undifferentiated or “primitive” mantle material still exists, then the radiogenic-isotope data for Koolau in combination with rare gas data for Hawaiian basalts in general suggest that the Hawaiian plume may be derived from such material. In any case, the Hawaiian Islands data, when compared to those of other OIB, serve to illustrate the isotopically diverse nature of mantle sources.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(86)90084-0","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Stille, P., Unruh, D., and Tatsumoto, M., 1986, Pb, Sr, Nd, and Hf isotopic constraints on the origin of Hawaiian basalts and evidence for a unique mantle source: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 50, no. 10, p. 2303-2319, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(86)90084-0.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"2303","endPage":"2319","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223826,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a75fbe4b0c8380cd77e62","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stille, P.","contributorId":70113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stille","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Unruh, D.M.","contributorId":8498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Unruh","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tatsumoto, M.","contributorId":76798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tatsumoto","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":2002146,"text":"2002146 - 1986 - Rare Plants of Point Reyes National Seashore","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:54","indexId":"2002146","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":91,"text":"Technical Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"CPSU/UCD 22","title":"Rare Plants of Point Reyes National Seashore","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","publisher":"University of California-Davis","usgsCitation":"Clark, R.A., and Fellers, G.M., 1986, Rare Plants of Point Reyes National Seashore: Technical Report CPSU/UCD 22, vii, 117 p.","productDescription":"vii, 117 p.","startPage":"0","endPage":"0","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199414,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db648f10","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Ronilee A.","contributorId":54931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Ronilee","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fellers, Gary M. 0000-0003-4092-0285 gary_fellers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4092-0285","contributorId":3150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fellers","given":"Gary","email":"gary_fellers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":326058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70015577,"text":"70015577 - 1986 - Geology of the peralkaline volcano at Pantelleria, Strait of Sicily","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:59","indexId":"70015577","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology of the peralkaline volcano at Pantelleria, Strait of Sicily","docAbstract":"Situated in a submerged continental rift, Pantelleria is a volcanic island with a subaerial eruptive history longer than 300 Ka. Its eruptive behavior, edifice morphologies, and complex, multiunit geologic history are representative of strongly peralkaline centers. It is dominated by the 6-km-wide Cinque Denti caldera, which formed ca. 45 Ka ago during eruption of the Green Tuff, a strongly rheomorphic unit zoned from pantellerite to trachyte and consisting of falls, surges, and pyroclastic flows. Soon after collapse, trachyte lava flows from an intracaldera central vent built a broad cone that compensated isostatically for the volume of the caldera and nearly filled it. Progressive chemical evolution of the chamber between 45 and 18 Ka ago is recorded in the increasing peralkalinity of the youngest lava of the intracaldera trachyte cone and the few lavas erupted northwest of the caldera. Beginning about 18 Ka ago, inflation of the chamber opened old ring fractures and new radial fractures, along which recently differentiated pantellerite constructed more than 25 pumice cones and shields. Continued uplift raised the northwest half of the intracaldera trachyte cone 275 m, creating the island's present summit, Montagna Grande, by trapdoor uplift. Pantellerite erupted along the trapdoor faults and their hingeline, forming numerous pumice cones and agglutinate sheets as well as five lava domes. Degassing and drawdown of the upper pantelleritic part of a compositionally and thermally stratified magma chamber during this 18-3-Ka episode led to entrainment of subjacent, crystal-rich, pantelleritic trachyte magma as crenulate inclusions. Progressive mixing between host and inclusions resulted in a secular decrease in the degree of evolution of the 0.82 km3 of magma erupted during the episode. The 45-Ka-old caldera is nested within the La Vecchia caldera, which is thought to have formed around 114 Ka ago. This older caldera was filled by three widespread welded units erupted 106, 94, and 79 Ka ago. Reactivation of the ring fracture ca. 67 Ka ago is indicated by venting of a large pantellerite centero and a chain of small shields along the ring fault. For each of the two nested calderas, the onset of postcaldera ring-fracture volcanism coincides with a low stand of sea level. Rates of chemical regeneration within the chamber are rapid, the 3% crystallization/Ka of the post-Green Tuff period being typical. Highly evolved pantellerites are rare, however, because intervals between major eruptions (averaging 13-6 Ka during the last 190 Ka) are short. Benmoreites and mugearites are entirely lacking. Fe-Ti-rich alkalic basalts have erupted peripherally along NW-trending lineaments parallel to the enclosing rift but not within the nested calderas, suggesting that felsic magma persists beneath them. The most recent basaltic eruption (in 1891) took place 4 km northwest of Pantelleria, manifesting the long-term northwestward migration of the volcanic focus. These strongly differentiated basalts reflect low-pressure fractional crystallization of partial melts of garnet peridotite that coalesce in small magma reservoirs replenished only infrequently in this continental rift environment. ?? 1986 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Volcanology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF01046548","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Mahood, G., and Hildreth, W., 1986, Geology of the peralkaline volcano at Pantelleria, Strait of Sicily: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 48, no. 2-3, p. 143-172, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01046548.","startPage":"143","endPage":"172","numberOfPages":"30","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205415,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01046548"},{"id":223777,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2700e4b0c8380cd59507","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mahood, G.A.","contributorId":81637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahood","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hildreth, W. 0000-0002-7925-4251","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7925-4251","contributorId":100487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildreth","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":96431,"text":"96431 - 1986 - 1986 Rare Plant Study Findings. A Report to the California State Dept. of Fish and Game, Endangered Plant Species Program and the Superintendent, Channel Islands National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:58","indexId":"96431","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"1986 Rare Plant Study Findings. A Report to the California State Dept. of Fish and Game, Endangered Plant Species Program and the Superintendent, Channel Islands National Park","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Clark, R., and Halvorson, W.L., 1986, 1986 Rare Plant Study Findings. A Report to the California State Dept. of Fish and Game, Endangered Plant Species Program and the Superintendent, Channel Islands National Park.","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128406,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b459f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, R.","contributorId":100780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Halvorson, W. L.","contributorId":26246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halvorson","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014513,"text":"70014513 - 1986 - Palladium, platinum, and rhodium contents of rocks near the lower margin of the Stillwater complex, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-05T17:38:30.405729","indexId":"70014513","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Palladium, platinum, and rhodium contents of rocks near the lower margin of the Stillwater complex, Montana","docAbstract":"<p>S<span>Palladium, platinum, and rhodium concentrations are reported for rocks belonging to the Peridotite zone of the Ultramafic series and the Basal series of the late Archcan Stillwater Complex, a suite of Stillwater-associated sills and dikes, and the metamorphic rocks lying within the contact aureole of the complex. Mean values do not exceed 20 ppb for any rock unit and the tenth percentile rarely exceeds 200 ppb. The concentration of Pd is greater than Pt for most rock groups; both of these elements have higher concentrations than Rh.A large part of the variability in the data appears to be related to rock types containing different proportions of sulfide. It is also notable that sulfur does not correlate with the platinum-group element concentrations for many lithologies, and when it does, it commonly is not a useful predictor of platinum-group element content. Further, calculated values of R, the mass ratio of silicate liquid which has equilibrated with sulfide liquid, are low (1 to 320). Analysis of this information suggests that the immiscible sulfide liquids, from which the sulfides formed, did not completely equilibrate with the silicate liquids with respect to their platinum-group element contents and that the silicate liquids were characterized by different concentrations and ratios of platinum-group elements.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.81.5.1169","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Zientek, M.L., Foose, M.P., and Leung, M., 1986, Palladium, platinum, and rhodium contents of rocks near the lower margin of the Stillwater complex, Montana: Economic Geology, v. 81, no. 5, p. 1169-1178, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.81.5.1169.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1169","endPage":"1178","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225643,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"81","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1986-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a747ce4b0c8380cd77683","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zientek, M. L.","contributorId":6118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zientek","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foose, M. P.","contributorId":97075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foose","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leung, Mei","contributorId":56386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leung","given":"Mei","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1003855,"text":"1003855 - 1986 - Avian tuberculosis and salmonellosis in a whooping crane (Grus americana)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-18T00:25:37.350363","indexId":"1003855","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Avian tuberculosis and salmonellosis in a whooping crane (Grus americana)","docAbstract":"<p>The whooping crane has been the subject of intensive scientific study and management because it is an endangered species and has high public interest. Programs have been developed to identify critical habitat, to increase production through captive breeding, and in recent years, to use sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis) as surrogate parents in establishing new populations of wild whooping cranes. Only a few reports describing diseases and parasites in wild whooping cranes appear in the literature because opportunities to secure specimens are limited for this rare, protected bird (for review, see Carpenter and Derrickson, In Proc. International Crane Workshop of 1983, Bharatur, India, in press). Avian tuberculosis and concurrent salmonellosis in a wild whooping crane are described in this case report.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-22.1.106","usgsCitation":"Stroud, R.K., Thoen, C., and Duncan, R.M., 1986, Avian tuberculosis and salmonellosis in a whooping crane (Grus americana): Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 22, no. 1, p. 106-110, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-22.1.106.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"106","endPage":"110","numberOfPages":"5","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480144,"rank":3,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-22.1.106","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":15297,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.jwildlifedis.org/doi/pdf/10.7589/0090-3558-22.1.106","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"3338.000000000000000"},{"id":134391,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Rio Grande","otherGeospatial":"Monte Vista National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-106.6963,37.833],[-106.5868,37.8344],[-106.585,37.7483],[-106.585,37.7465],[-106.4784,37.7475],[-106.3644,37.7474],[-106.3149,37.748],[-106.2963,37.748],[-106.277,37.7481],[-106.2584,37.7481],[-106.149,37.7483],[-106.0384,37.7479],[-106.0389,37.66],[-106.0383,37.5761],[-106.0383,37.5199],[-106.0383,37.4905],[-106.0377,37.3998],[-106.1634,37.3992],[-106.1848,37.3992],[-106.2561,37.3991],[-106.3545,37.3988],[-106.3632,37.3983],[-106.3806,37.3983],[-106.4582,37.3976],[-106.4872,37.397],[-106.6013,37.3965],[-106.6673,37.3957],[-106.6755,37.3957],[-106.7079,37.3946],[-106.7082,37.4218],[-106.7084,37.4435],[-106.7084,37.4476],[-106.7087,37.4843],[-106.7107,37.5732],[-106.7128,37.662],[-106.6918,37.6621],[-106.6932,37.7509],[-106.6963,37.833]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Rio Grande\",\"state\":\"CO\"}}]}","volume":"22","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64ae7d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stroud, R. K.","contributorId":45660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stroud","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thoen, C.O.","contributorId":32894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thoen","given":"C.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Duncan, R. M.","contributorId":102828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duncan","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1004062,"text":"1004062 - 1986 - Inclusion body disease of cranes: Comparison of pathologic findings in cranes with acquired vs. experimentally induced disease","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-13T17:39:42.943132","indexId":"1004062","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2528,"text":"Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inclusion body disease of cranes: Comparison of pathologic findings in cranes with acquired vs. experimentally induced disease","docAbstract":"<p><span>Inclusion body disease of cranes was the cause of death in 17 immature and mature cranes of 5 different species in Wisconsin. A herpesvirus of unknown origin was the apparent cause. An isolate of this herpesvirus was used to experimentally infect 3 species of cranes. Macroscopic and microscopic lesions associated with naturally acquired and experimentally induced disease were essentially identical. Multifocal hepatic and splenic necrosis was found in all cranes evaluated. Necrosis of the gastrointestinal tract, thymus, and bursa of Fabricius also was seen in some of the cranes. Eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies often were commonly associated with hepatic lesions, sometimes with the splenic lesions, and rarely with the thymic or gastrointestinal tract lesions. The lesions of this inclusion body disease were similar to those reported for cranes in Austria from which a crane herpesvirus was isolated.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association","usgsCitation":"Schuh, J.C., Sileo, L., Siegfried, L.M., and Yuill, T.M., 1986, Inclusion body disease of cranes: Comparison of pathologic findings in cranes with acquired vs. experimentally induced disease: Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, v. 189, no. 9, p. 993-996.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"993","endPage":"996","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":135929,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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 \"}}]}","volume":"189","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fce4b07f02db5f574c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schuh, J. C.","contributorId":76711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuh","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sileo, L.","contributorId":46895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sileo","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Siegfried, Lynne M.","contributorId":53732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siegfried","given":"Lynne","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":315075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yuill, Thomas M.","contributorId":60580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yuill","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70015649,"text":"70015649 - 1986 - Spectral reflectance of carbonatites and related alkalic igneous rocks: Selected samples from four North American localities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-08T18:03:46.440317","indexId":"70015649","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spectral reflectance of carbonatites and related alkalic igneous rocks: Selected samples from four North American localities","docAbstract":"<p><span>Laboratory spectral reflectance measurements were made in the 0.4- to 2.5-mu m wavelength range for samples collected from four North American carbonatite-alkalic igneous rock complexes. Alkalic rock spectra produced few absorption features; however, the carbonatites typically showed conspicuous carbonate, ferric and ferrous iron, and in some cases rare earth element absorption bands. Trivalent neodymium was the most abundant rare earth element producing absorption features and could be detected in amounts as low as 300 ppm. Ferrous iron was present in most dolomitic carbonatite samples and caused more intense ferrous absorption bands than commonly is seen in carbonate rocks of sedimentary origin. High carbonatite iron content also resulted in pervasive limonitic staining and related ferric iron absorption features. These absorption features sometimes masked other absorption bands.Because reflectance measurements can be carried out rapidly, with minimal sample preparation, reflectance spectroscopy may provide a useful field and laboratory tool for analyzing economic rare earth concentrations. In addition, the distinctive spectral characteristics of carbonatite material, in conjunction with the discordant spatial relationships between associated alkalic and carbonatite rocks, may provide a basis for remote-sensing detection of these complexes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.81.4.857","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Rowan, L.C., Kingston, M., and Crowley, J., 1986, Spectral reflectance of carbonatites and related alkalic igneous rocks: Selected samples from four North American localities: Economic Geology, v. 81, no. 4, p. 857-871, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.81.4.857.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"857","endPage":"871","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224164,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"81","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1986-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9547e4b08c986b31ae4f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rowan, L. C.","contributorId":40584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowan","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kingston, M.J.","contributorId":88768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kingston","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crowley, J.K.","contributorId":103690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crowley","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70014878,"text":"70014878 - 1986 - Lower crustal xenoliths, Chinese Peak lava flow, central Sierra Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-04T21:15:49.622805","indexId":"70014878","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2420,"text":"Journal of Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lower crustal xenoliths, Chinese Peak lava flow, central Sierra Nevada","docAbstract":"<p class=\"chapter-para\">An assemblage of pyroxenite, peridotite, and mafic granulite xenoliths contained in the toe of a 10 Ma trachybasalt flow remnant overlying Late Cretaceous granitoids indicates the presence of a mafic-ultramafic complex beneath the Sierra Nevada batholith. Olivine-free pyroxenites that include orthopyroxenites, websterites, and clinopyroxenites are dominant. Primary igneous textures are displayed by some pyroxenites, but commonly are masked by recrystallization. Fe-rich harzburgites and lherzolites are rare. A few of the ultramafic xenoliths contain ovoid opaque patches that are apparently pseudomorphs after garnet and have pyralspite garnet compositions. A pressure corresponding to a lower crustal depth of approximately 40 km has been determined from two of these xenoliths using a garnet-orthopyroxene geobarometer. Abundant mafic granulites can be subdivided into those containing 12 per cent or less A<sub>12</sub>O<sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and chemically gradational with pyroxenites and others containing more than 15 per cent A<sub>12</sub>O<sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and showing considerable scatter on oxide variation diagrams. The high-alumina granulite xenoliths have relatively low<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>87</sup>Rb/<sup>86</sup>Sr but high<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr, whereas low-alumina and ultramafic xenoliths have a wide range of<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>87</sup>Rb/<sup>86</sup>Sr, but lower<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr; the isotopic data indicate an age for the complex roughly the same as that of overlying granitoid plutons. However, the granitoids have initial<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr ratios intermediate between the high-alumina and ultramafic xenoliths, suggesting that they may have resulted from mixing of basaltic magma, represented by the ultramafics, and crustal materials, with subsequent crystal fractionation. The trachybasalt may represent a partial melt of the ultramafic rocks. Rocks analogous to the Chinese Peak xenoliths are exposed in the Giles complex of central Australia, a series of several deformed layered mafic and ultramafic intrusions, emplaced in a granulite facies terrain. Contemporaneous development of mafic-ultramafic complexes and the Sierra Nevada batholith may explain the present day thick (˜ 50 km) crust in this region</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/petrology/27.6.1277","issn":"00223530","usgsCitation":"Dodge, F.C., Calk, L.C., and Kistler, R.W., 1986, Lower crustal xenoliths, Chinese Peak lava flow, central Sierra Nevada: Journal of Petrology, v. 27, no. 6, p. 1277-1304, https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/27.6.1277.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"1277","endPage":"1304","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226047,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4a7ce4b0c8380cd68de2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dodge, F. C. W.","contributorId":18755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dodge","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"C. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Calk, L. C.","contributorId":54261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calk","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kistler, R. W.","contributorId":36112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kistler","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70015054,"text":"70015054 - 1986 - Ground-water flow in low permeability environments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-18T11:08:29","indexId":"70015054","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ground-water flow in low permeability environments","docAbstract":"<p><span>Certain geologic media are known to have small permeability; subsurface environments composed of these media and lacking well developed secondary permeability have groundwater flow sytems with many distinctive characteristics. Moreover, groundwater flow in these environments appears to influence the evolution of certain hydrologic, geologic, and geochemical systems, may affect the accumulation of pertroleum and ores, and probably has a role in the structural evolution of parts of the crust. Such environments are also important in the context of waste disposal. This review attempts to synthesize the diverse contributions of various disciplines to the problem of flow in low-permeability environments. Problems hindering analysis are enumerated together with suggested approaches to overcoming them. A common thread running through the discussion is the significance of size- and time-scale limitations of the ability to directly observe flow behavior and make measurements of parameters. These limitations have resulted in rather distinct small- and large-scale approaches to the problem. The first part of the review considers experimental investigations of low-permeability flow, including in situ testing; these are generally conducted on temporal and spatial scales which are relatively small compared with those of interest. Results from this work have provided increasingly detailed information about many aspects of the flow but leave certain questions unanswered. Recent advances in laboratory and in situ testing techniques have permitted measurements of permeability and storage properties in progressively “tighter” media and investigation of transient flow under these conditions. However, very large hydraulic gradients are still required for the tests; an observational gap exists for typical in situ gradients. The applicability of Darcy's law in this range is therefore untested, although claims of observed non-Darcian behavior appear flawed. Two important nonhydraulic flow phenomena, osmosis and ultrafiltration, are experimentally well established in prepared clays but have been incompletely investigated, particularly in undisturbed geologic media. Small-scale experimental results form much of the basis for analyses of flow in low-permeability environments which occurs on scales of time and size too large to permit direct observation. Such large-scale flow behavior is the focus of the second part of the review. Extrapolation of small-scale experimental experience becomes an important and sometimes controversial problem in this context. In large flow systems under steady state conditions the regional permeability can sometimes be determined, but systems with transient flow are more difficult to analyze. The complexity of the problem is enhanced by the sensitivity of large-scale flow to the effects of slow geologic processes. One-dimensional studies have begun to elucidate how simple burial or exhumation can generate transient flow conditions by changing the state of stress and temperature and by burial metamorphism. Investigation of the more complex problem of the interaction of geologic processes and flow in two and three dimensions is just beginning. Because these transient flow analyses have largely been based on flow in experimental scale systems or in relatively permeable systems, deformation in response to effective stress changes is generally treated as linearly elastic; however, this treatment creates difficulties for the long periods of interest because viscoelastic deformation is probably significant. Also, large-scale flow simulations in argillaceous environments generally have neglected osmosis and ultrafiltration, in part because extrapolation of laboratory experience with coupled flow to large scales under in situ conditions is controversial. Nevertheless, the effects are potentially quite important because the coupled flow might cause ultra long lived transient conditions. The difficulties associated with analysis are matched by those of characterizing hydrologic conditions in tight environments; measurements of hydraulic head and sampling of pore fluids have been done only rarely because of the practical difficulties involved. These problems are also discussed in the second part of this paper.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR022i008p01163","usgsCitation":"Neuzil, C.E., 1986, Ground-water flow in low permeability environments: Water Resources Research, v. 22, no. 8, p. 1163-1195, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR022i008p01163.","productDescription":"33 p.","startPage":"1163","endPage":"1195","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224071,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1484e4b0c8380cd54a86","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neuzil, Christopher E. 0000-0003-2022-4055 ceneuzil@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2022-4055","contributorId":2322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neuzil","given":"Christopher","email":"ceneuzil@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":369953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70210941,"text":"70210941 - 1985 - Geologic history of Goban Spur, Northwest Europe continental margin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-09T14:22:32.832878","indexId":"70210941","displayToPublicDate":"2020-07-07T11:09:46","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1997,"text":"Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic history of Goban Spur, Northwest Europe continental margin","docAbstract":"<p>Drilling on Leg 80 of the Deep Sea Drilling Project-International Phase of Ocean Drilling was conducted on a transect of four sites (548-551) across the continent-ocean boundary at Goban Spur, a prominent southwest-trending structural and topographic high on the Irish continental slope. Drilling results have been integrated with physiographic, gravimetric, paleomagnetic, and seismostratigraphic data to provide a comprehensive interpretation of the geologic history of this sediment-starved passive margin. </p><p>The geologic history of Goban Spur and adjacent regions may be divided into three periods: (1) a pre-rift period, beginning at the end of the Hercynian orogeny, was marked by several phases of regional faulting. From the late Paleozoic to the Triassic, a major phase was responsible for the development of northeast-trending grabens and horsts, which were especially active areas of deposition during the early and middle Mesozoic. A second phase created northwesttrending listric, normal fault systems which delineated the pre-Atlantic rift system of the Early Cretaceous. (2) A terminal period of active rifting began approximately at the Jurassic/Cretaceous boundary (late Cimmerian phase), and was marked by a regional emergence. Syn-rift deposition is recorded at Goban Spur by accumulation of a transgressive sequence of hyposaline to pelagic sediments, chiefly Barremian. Interpretation of seismic profiles indicates that (?)Aptian sequences also were deposited in the deeper half-grabens during this phase of rifting. Volcanic rocks appear to be rare or absent in the syn-rift deposits on Goban Spur. (3) The post-rifting period began when ocean crust was accreted in a trough approximately 2000 m deep, beneath what is now the Porcupine Abyssal Plain. This period was marked by the outpouring of pillows and flows of typical oceanic tholeiites, some of which were recovered at Site 550. At the same time, the seaward edge of the continental crust appears to have been deeply intruded by oceanic tholeiites, forming an intermediate crust of transitional geophysical characteristics. </p><p>Post-rift sedimentation started in the early Albian, and was accompanied by continuous regional subsidence. Before the Campanian, variable depositional environments produced quite diverse sedimentary sequences in the isolated halfgrabens. Carbonaceous shales were recovered in Cenomanian strata of the deepest site (550) and in lower Turonian beds at sites of intermediate depth (549-551). Depositional environments became more uniform across the margin after the late Campanian, and sedimentation was clearly influenced by more regional or global oceanographic events. Sea-level oscillations, climatic variations, changes in bottom circulation, and vertical fluctuations of the carbonate compensation depth (CCD) were responsible for lithologic changes and major hiatuses. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"Texas A&M","doi":"10.2973/dsdp.proc.80.158.1985","usgsCitation":"de Graciansky, P., and Poag, C., 1985, Geologic history of Goban Spur, Northwest Europe continental margin: Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, v. 80, no. 2, p. 1187-1216, https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.80.158.1985.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"1187","endPage":"1216","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487514,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.80.158.1985","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":376154,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Goban Spur","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -30.585937499999996,\n              50.51342652633956\n            ],\n            [\n              -8.349609375,\n              50.51342652633956\n            ],\n            [\n              -8.349609375,\n              63.860035895395306\n            ],\n            [\n              -30.585937499999996,\n              63.860035895395306\n            ],\n            [\n              -30.585937499999996,\n              50.51342652633956\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"80","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"de Graciansky, P.C.","contributorId":228807,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"de Graciansky","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":792246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poag, Claude (Wylie) 0000-0002-6240-4065 wpoag@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6240-4065","contributorId":195779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poag","given":"Claude (Wylie)","email":"wpoag@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":792247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5222072,"text":"5222072 - 1985 - Metal contamination in wildlife living near two zinc smelters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-02T10:59:43.443881","indexId":"5222072","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:32","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1556,"text":"Environmental Pollution (Series A)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Metal contamination in wildlife living near two zinc smelters","docAbstract":"<p>Wildlife in an oak forest on Blue Mountain was studied 10 km upwind (Bake Oven Knob site) and 2 km downwind (Palmerton site) of two zinc smelters in eastern Pennsylvania, USA. Previous studies at sites near these smelters had shown changes in populations of soil microflora, lichens, green plants and litter-inhabiting arthropods. The 02 soil litter horizon at Palmerton was heavily contaminated with Pb (2700 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>), Zn (24 000 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>), and Cd (710 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>), and to a lesser extent with Cu (440 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>). Various kinds of invertebrates (earthworms, slugs and millipedes) that feed on soil litter or soil organic matter were rare at, or absent from, the Palmerton site. Those collected at Bake Oven Knob tended to have much higher concentrations of metals than did other invertebrates. Frogs, toads and salamanders were very rare at, or absent from, the Palmerton site, but were present at Bake Oven Knob and at other sites on Blue Mountain farther from the smelters. Metal concentrations (dry wt) in different organisms from Palmerton were compared. Concentrations of Pb were highest in shrews (110 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>), followed by songbirds (56 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>), leaves (21 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>), mice (17 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>), carrion insects (14 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>), berries (4·0 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>), moths (4·3 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>) and fungi (3·7 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>). Concentrations of Cd, in contrast, were highest in carrion insects (25 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>), followed by fungi (9·8 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>), leaves (8·1 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>), shrews (7·3 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>), moths (4·9 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>), mice (2·6 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>), songbirds (2·5 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>) and berries (1·2 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>).</p><p>Concentrations of Zn and Cu tended to be highest in the same organisms that had the highest concentrations of Cd. Only a small proportion of the metals in the soil became incorporated into plant foliage, and much of the metal contamination detected in the biota probably came from aerial deposition. The mice from both sites seemed to be healthy. Shrews had higher concentrations of metals than did mice, and one shrew showed evidence of Pb poisoning; its red blood cell ALAD activity was greatly reduced, one kidney contained acid-fast intranuclear inclusion bodies, and the other kidney had 280 mg kg<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>Pb (wet wt). The livers from two cuckoos from Palmerton had elevated Pb concentrations (18 and 25 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>, wet wt). Most of the songbirds seemed to be healthy.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0143-1471(85)90094-7","usgsCitation":"Beyer, W., Pattee, O.H., Sileo, L., Hoffman, D.J., and Mulhern, B., 1985, Metal contamination in wildlife living near two zinc smelters: Environmental Pollution (Series A), v. 38, no. 1, p. 63-86, https://doi.org/10.1016/0143-1471(85)90094-7.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"63","endPage":"86","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198096,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Bake Oven Knob, Blue Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -75.78720868224616,\n              40.700636729321474\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.77438869190075,\n              40.70682137615654\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.75574143321599,\n              40.716318108447666\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.73534599402986,\n              40.724267819364314\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.72485691101944,\n              40.73486595700689\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.69892556691127,\n              40.737956762527716\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.67969558139289,\n              40.7470075812013\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.66833240813207,\n              40.75649858000574\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.64560606161044,\n              40.76687091272373\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.61384744916288,\n              40.775697154940076\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.60481518323756,\n              40.783639770481955\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.60831154424089,\n              40.796875352513666\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.62754152975982,\n              40.79797819859462\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.65492969095253,\n              40.790919667081596\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.66745831788111,\n              40.792243198903265\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.70766646941978,\n              40.78275730454371\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.73534599402986,\n              40.76709158306798\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.76448233572451,\n              40.75053927390272\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.78487777491063,\n              40.746566106425604\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.81255729952069,\n              40.73265815086202\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.82333774594738,\n              40.71653894657126\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.82683410695122,\n              40.70947176328093\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.81826068013379,\n              40.69375877677078\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.78720868224616,\n              40.700636729321474\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"38","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db625903","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beyer, W. N. 0000-0002-8911-9141","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8911-9141","contributorId":55379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beyer","given":"W. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pattee, O. H.","contributorId":46459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pattee","given":"O.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sileo, L.","contributorId":46895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sileo","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hoffman, D. J.","contributorId":12801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mulhern, B.M.","contributorId":98683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mulhern","given":"B.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":5224296,"text":"5224296 - 1985 - The austral peregrine falcon:  Color variation, productivity, and pesticides","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:10","indexId":"5224296","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:59","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2815,"text":"National Geographic Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The austral peregrine falcon:  Color variation, productivity, and pesticides","docAbstract":"The austral peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus cassini) was studied in the Andean foot- hills and across the Patagonian steppe from November to December 1981. The birds under study (18 pairs) were reproducing at or near normal (pre-DDT) levels for other races. Pesticide residues, while elevated, were well below the values associated with reproductive failure in other populations. With one exception, eggshells were not abnormally thin.  The peregrine falcon in Patagonia exhibits extreme color variation. Pallid birds are nearly pure white below (light cream as juveniles), whereas normally pigmented birds are black-crowned and conspicuously barred with black ventrally. Rare individuals of the Normal Phase display black heads, broad black ventral barring, and warm reddish-brown ventral background coloration.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"National Geographic Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Ellis, D.H., 1985, The austral peregrine falcon:  Color variation, productivity, and pesticides: National Geographic Research, v. 1, no. 3, p. 388-394.","productDescription":"388-394","startPage":"388","endPage":"394","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196207,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b02e4b07f02db698cf3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellis, D. H.","contributorId":79830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5221998,"text":"5221998 - 1985 - Light attraction in endangered procellariiform birds: Reduction by shielding upward radiation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-13T15:28:39","indexId":"5221998","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:58","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Light attraction in endangered procellariiform birds: Reduction by shielding upward radiation","docAbstract":"<p>Autumnal attraction to man-made lighting causes heavy mortality in fledgling Hawaiian seabirds: Newell's Shearwater (<i>Puffinus auricularis newelli</i>), Dark-rumped Petrel (<i>Pterodroma</i> <i>phaeopygia sandwichensis</i>), and Band-rumped Storm-Petrel (<i>Oceanodroma castro</i>). These threatened, endangered, and rare species (respectively) approach and circle lights on their first flight from mountain nesting colonies on the island of Kauai to the sea. We shielded lights of the largest resort to prevent upward radiation on alternate nights during two fledgling seasons. Shielding decreased attraction by nearly 40%. Most attraction occurred 1-4 h after sunset. Full moon dramatically decreased attraction, a phenomenon that has both theoretical and management implications.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/4086782","usgsCitation":"Reed, J., Sincock, J., and Hailman, J., 1985, Light attraction in endangered procellariiform birds: Reduction by shielding upward radiation: The Auk, v. 102, no. 2, p. 377-383, https://doi.org/10.2307/4086782.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"377","endPage":"383","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480153,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/4086782","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":196621,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"102","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a497c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reed, J.R.","contributorId":27160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sincock, J.L.","contributorId":89994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sincock","given":"J.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hailman, J.P.","contributorId":84866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hailman","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":48918,"text":"ofr85290A - 1985 - Proceedings of workshop XXVIII on the Borah Peak, Idaho earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-16T10:50:12","indexId":"ofr85290A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T08:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-290","chapter":"A","title":"Proceedings of workshop XXVIII on the Borah Peak, Idaho earthquake","docAbstract":"<p>A large earthquake leaves clues of its nature that can be interpreted only by a diverse group of scientists. We cannot hope to form a coherent picture of the Borah Peak shock, a rare Great Basin event, without listening to each other and reflecting on the historical and geological record of its antecedents. At a workshop held less than a year after the Borah Peak mainshock we shared our observations, exchanged ideas, and revisited the spectacular landforms at the earthquake site. In the forty reports of this volume we present our findings, a wealth of preliminary, but interdisciplinary research.</p>","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of workshop  XXVIII on the Borah Peak, Idaho, earthquake, Volume A, convened under auspices of National Earthquake Prediction and Hazard Program","conferenceDate":"October 3-6, 1984","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Menlo Park, CA","doi":"10.3133/ofr85290A","usgsCitation":"1985, Proceedings of workshop XXVIII on the Borah Peak, Idaho earthquake: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 85-290, xi, 685 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr85290A.","productDescription":"xi, 685 p.","numberOfPages":"704","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":287511,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/OFR85290A.jpg"},{"id":287510,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0290-A/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Borah Peak","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -113.844337,44.105099 ], [ -113.844337,44.169162 ], [ -113.716277,44.169162 ], [ -113.716277,44.105099 ], [ -113.844337,44.105099 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ee4b07f02db6607c2","contributors":{"compilers":[{"text":"Jacobson, Muriel L.","contributorId":79094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobson","given":"Muriel L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":572468,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":1}],"editors":[{"text":"Stein, Ross S.","contributorId":147729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stein","given":"Ross S.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":572473,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bucknam, Robert C.","contributorId":104490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bucknam","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":572474,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":11296,"text":"ofr8512 - 1985 - Mineralogy of drill cores from Jabal Sa'id, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-16T17:03:45","indexId":"ofr8512","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-12","title":"Mineralogy of drill cores from Jabal Sa'id, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","docAbstract":"<p>The mineralogy of three drill cores from the apogranite at Jabal Sa'id was determined principally to identify those minerals containing rare earths, niobium, tantalum, thorium, zirconium, and tin. Heavy mineral studies of two other drill cores indicate that the deposit is enriched in rare earths. The principal rare earth minerals are bastnaesite and doverite; other rare earth minerals include monazite and synchisite. Niobium occurs in pyrochlore; zirconium is present in zircon. Thorium is found principally in thorite and secondarily in thorianite. Autoradiographs show the distribution and relative sizes of several radioactive minerals.</p>\n<p>Microprobe studies of grains of eight different minerals indicated that significant elemental substitution took place in most of them. The rare earth metals cerium and lanthanum occur in significant amounts in pyrochlore; yttrium is abundant in doverite and is also present in bastnaesite, thorite, and zircon. Niobium substitutes for titanium in anatase and brookite, and some tantalum occurs with the niobium in pyrochlore. Minor amounts of thorium are found in bastnaesite, doverite, and zircon. Small amounts of uranium mostly occur with the thorium in thorite. Tin minerals were not found in any of the samples, but small and variable amounts of this element occur in bastnaesite, doverite, hematite, and zircon.</p>\n<p>The potential ore minerals in the apogranite commonly occur along the grain boundaries of the larger quartz and feldspar. Most of the ore minerals have diameters in the range 0.020 to 0.20 mm.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr8512","usgsCitation":"Staatz, M., and Brownfield, I.K., 1985, Mineralogy of drill cores from Jabal Sa'id, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 85-12, Report: i, 16 p., ill., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr8512.","productDescription":"Report: i, 16 p., ill.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":142422,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0012/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":39095,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0012/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"Saudi Arabia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              40.30883789062499,\n              23.306946133072103\n            ],\n            [\n              40.30883789062499,\n              24.43214670001102\n            ],\n            [\n              41.42669677734375,\n              24.43214670001102\n            ],\n            [\n              41.42669677734375,\n              23.306946133072103\n            ],\n            [\n              40.30883789062499,\n              23.306946133072103\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699dd6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Staatz, M.H.","contributorId":14411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staatz","given":"M.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brownfield, I. K.","contributorId":77915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brownfield","given":"I.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":10400,"text":"ofr856 - 1985 - Mineral potential of felsic plutonic rocks in the north-central Arabian Shield, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-16T17:22:05","indexId":"ofr856","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-6","title":"Mineral potential of felsic plutonic rocks in the north-central Arabian Shield, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","docAbstract":"<p>Fourteen plutons of Late Proterozoie age potentially favorable for rare-element mineralization have been identified in a geochemical and petrographic assessment of felsic plutonic rocks in the north-central Arabian Shield (lat 23&deg;00'-25&deg;00' N., long 40&deg;00'-45&deg;00' E.). The plutons are highly fractionated, leucocratic granitoids assigned to a major magmatic pulse that spanned the later stages of the Hijaz orogeny (about 610 Ma to about 550 Ma). Most of the targeted plutons are small or not deeply eroded. Two rock types are dominant: subsolvus, muscovite-bearing monzogranite or syenogranite; and hypersolvus, mieroeline perthite granite commonly containing sodic pyriboles. Enrichment in varied suites of the granitophile elements (Sn-W-NbTa-Zr-Y-Th-U) is characteristic. The plutons occupy the central part of a broad arcuate belt of geochemically specialized plutons that conforms generally to the eastern limit of exposed Proterozoic basement.</p>\n<p>The muscovite-bearing monzogranites containing anomalous tin and tungsten in rock and (or) wadi sediment samples occur generally east of long 42&deg;30' E. Two of these, Jabal Minya and Jabal Khinzir, are recommended for immediate follow-up studies. Of the alkali granites, most of which occur in the area west of long 42&deg;30' E., the composite plutons of Jabal Hadb ad Dayahin and Jabal Tuqfah have the highest potential for rare-element mineralization and warrant prompt systematic investigation. Evaluation of isolated one- or two-element anomalies should be coordinated with current high-density geochemical prospecting programs of the Riofinex Geological Mission.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr856","usgsCitation":"Moore, W.J., 1985, Mineral potential of felsic plutonic rocks in the north-central Arabian Shield, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 85-6, Report: ii, 47 p., ill.; Maps: 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr856.","productDescription":"Report: ii, 47 p., ill.; Maps: 28 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":143952,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0006/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":38242,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0006/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":38243,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0006/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":38244,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0006/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":38245,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0006/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":38246,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0006/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"Saudi Arabia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              43,\n              17\n            ],\n            [\n              37,\n              25\n            ],\n            [\n              46,\n              25\n            ],\n            [\n              46,\n              17\n            ],\n            [\n              43,\n              17\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fbd62","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, W. J.","contributorId":84334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":8631,"text":"ofr8514 - 1985 - Reconnaissance geology of the Al Hufayr Quadrangle, sheet 27/41A, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-07T17:05:47","indexId":"ofr8514","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-14","title":"Reconnaissance geology of the Al Hufayr Quadrangle, sheet 27/41A, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","docAbstract":"<p>The Al Hufayr quadrangle (27/41 A) lies at the northern edge of the Arabian Shield between lat 27 30' and 28 00' N. and long 41 00' and 41 30' E. A cataclastically foliated syenogranite, the oldest rock exposed in the quadrangle, crops out in a restricted area in the south-central part of the quadrangle. Younger, weakly metamorphosed metarhyolite and minor metabasalt, arkosic sandstone, and conglomerate crop out north of the syenogranite and are correlated with lithologically similar rocks exposed to the south that comprise the Hadn formation. Most of the intrusive rocks in the quadrangle are peralkaline or have a peralkaline affinity and are characterized by the presence of soda pyriboles. A large mountain known as Jibal Aja extends into the southeast corner of the quadrangle and is composed of postorogenic peralkaline alkali granite plutons that form concentric rings around a core granophyre. A small plug of Tertiary alkali basalt crops out near the southeast corner of the quadrangle. Eighty percent of the quadrangle is covered by a thick accumulation of eolian sand that forms the southern edge of the An Nafud dune field.</p>\n<p>The plutons of the Aja suite represent samples of magma that depict the evolution of a batholith-scale magma body that solidified to the Aja suite. The major- and rare-earthelement chemical variation observed among the components of the suite is a consequence of a discontinuous process that involved chemical evolution via separation of silicate liquid from earlier formed crystals, and emplacement of batches of magma, whose compositions represent stages of the process.</p>\n<p>Resource potential in the quadrangle is low. No ancient mines are reported in this quadrangle. Geochemical data for a limited number of pan concentrates of wadi sediment from wadis draining the peralkaline rocks of Jibal Aja show distinctive associations of incompatible lithophile elements. A similar association of elements has previously been shown to be diagnostic of peralkaline granite in the northeast part of the Shield but does not imply high resource potential.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr8514","usgsCitation":"Du Bray, E., and Stoeser, D.B., 1985, Reconnaissance geology of the Al Hufayr Quadrangle, sheet 27/41A, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 85-14, ii, 41 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr8514.","productDescription":"ii, 41 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":36235,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0014/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":36236,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0014/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":143430,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0014/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Saudi Arabia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              41,\n              27\n            ],\n            [\n              41,\n              28\n            ],\n            [\n              42,\n              28\n            ],\n            [\n              42,\n              27\n            ],\n            [\n              41,\n              27\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a70e4b07f02db640fe8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Du Bray, E. A.","contributorId":22333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Du Bray","given":"E. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":158059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stoeser, D. B.","contributorId":18735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoeser","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":158058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":7474,"text":"ofr858 - 1985 - Reconnaissance geochemical exploration of the plutons of quartz monzonite and granite in the Jabal Lababa and Ar Rayth areas, southern Asir, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-16T14:32:32","indexId":"ofr858","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-8","title":"Reconnaissance geochemical exploration of the plutons of quartz monzonite and granite in the Jabal Lababa and Ar Rayth areas, southern Asir, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","docAbstract":"<p>Geochemical reconnaissance for rare metals in plutons of albite-muscovite granite and quartz monzonite in the vicinity of Jabal Lababa disclosed positive geochemical anomalies for beryllium, tantalum, thorium, lanthanum, niobium, tin, yttrium, and zirconium. The low anomalous values for the rare metals in rocks and the short mechanical dispersion trains, seldom exceeding 4 km in length, of rare-metal-bearing heavy minerals, are interpreted to indicate that primary deposits of these metals are lacking, and any placers would be small and low in tenor.</p>\n<p>Small positive anomalies for barium were detected at scattered localities in the metasediments adjacent to the plutons in the Jabal Lababa area. Positive anomalies for the precious metals are lacking, and the low values observed for base metals do not indicate the presence of sulfide deposits. The abundant quartz lag gravel in the eastern part of the area is unmineralized. Small books of muscovite are present in some pegmatite, but is of non-commercial volume and quality.</p>\n<p>A subcircular structure at the coast of the Red Sea near the mouth of Wadi Nahb should be tested to determine if it is a buried salt dome.</p>\n<p>Three nonmagnetic high-density concentrates containing 1,000 to 15,000 ppm lead were found on the granitic pluton near Ar Rayth. The source of the lead is not galena, and high values for lead appear to be characteristic of the pluton but do not indicate an ore deposit.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr858","usgsCitation":"Overstreet, W., Assegaff, A., Jambi, M., Hussain, M., Selner, G., and Matzko, J., 1985, Reconnaissance geochemical exploration of the plutons of quartz monzonite and granite in the Jabal Lababa and Ar Rayth areas, southern Asir, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 85-8, Report: vi, 130 p. :ill.; maps: 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr858.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 130 p. :ill.; maps: 28 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":141423,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0008/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":34890,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0008/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"Saudi Arabia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              42.4,\n              17.6\n            ],\n            [\n              42.4,\n              18.5\n            ],\n            [\n              41.8,\n              18.5\n            ],\n            [\n              42.3,\n              17.6\n            ],\n            [\n              42.4,\n              17.6\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              42.6,\n              17.4\n            ],\n            [\n              42.6,\n              17.8\n            ],\n            [\n              42.9,\n              17.8\n            ],\n            [\n              42.9,\n              17.4\n            ],\n            [\n              42.6,\n              17.4\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a73e4b07f02db643d04","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Overstreet, W.C.","contributorId":105294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Overstreet","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":155790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Assegaff, A.B.","contributorId":35370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Assegaff","given":"A.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":155786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jambi, Mohammed","contributorId":78980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jambi","given":"Mohammed","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":155787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hussain, M.A.","contributorId":104492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hussain","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":155789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Selner, G.I.","contributorId":13229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Selner","given":"G.I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":155785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Matzko, J.J.","contributorId":87927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matzko","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":155788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":14347,"text":"ofr853 - 1985 - Geology of the Precambrian rocks of the Jabal Habashi Quadrangle, sheet 26F, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-16T17:56:09","indexId":"ofr853","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-3","title":"Geology of the Precambrian rocks of the Jabal Habashi Quadrangle, sheet 26F, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","docAbstract":"<p>The Jabal Habashi quadrangle contains formations of Lower Paleozoic and Cenozoic age, unconformably overlying part of the Precambrian Arabian Shield. The Precambrian formations include metamorphosed and strongly deformed volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks and plutons of calc-alkalic, mafic to intermediate composition, dated at about 645 Ma. These are unconformably overlain by the Maraghan formation of the Murdama group, composed of sandstone and siltstone deposited in a vast sedimentary basin present in the region between about 640 to 620 Ma. On the northwestern margin of this large basin, a smaller, fault-controlled basin was filled by the Hibshi formation, a sequence of conglomerate, sandstones, tuffs and minor lava flows, which dates from 632 Ma. Other volcanic rocks from this period probably accumulated around caldera-like volcanoes.</p>\n<p>The deposition of the Maraghan and Hibshi formations was interrupted by moderate deformation and metamorphism. About 617 Ma ago, the region was intruded by many granodiorite, granite and subordinate gabbro, diorite and peralkaline granite plutons. Gold-bearing quartz veins formed as a result of this intrusive event.</p>\n<p>A gap in the geologic record of nearly 40 Ma followed, ended by the emplacement of more evolved syenogranite and alkali-feldspar granite plutons. Hydrothermal alteration of one of these granites led to the formation of tin greisen; other granites contain anomalous amounts of rare-earth elements.</p>\n<p>The stable rock mass created by these geologic processes was extensively eroded at the end of the Precambrian, and was subsequently covered by flat-lying Lower Paleozoic clastic rocks, the Saq Sandstone of Cambrian (?) to early Ordovician age, and the Tabuk Formation, largely siltstone and claystone, of early Ordovician to early Silurian age. Another major gap in the record, extending from the early Paleozoic to late Cenozoic, ended by the extrusion of basaltic lava flows and cinder cones in the northern part of the quadrangle, about 1.8 Ma ago. The volcanic activity, preceded by tilting of the region and the stripping back of the Paleozoic rocks to expose the Precambrian again, was linked to rifting in the Arabian Shield and the opening of the Red Sea.</p>\n<p>The final event in the quadrangle was the onset of the present-day type of climate and erosion pattern, leading to the development of drainage channels partly filled by sand and small sabkhah deposits, and surfaces covered by recently cemented gravels.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr853","usgsCitation":"Johnson, P., Williams, P.L., and Fuller, F.J., 1985, Geology of the Precambrian rocks of the Jabal Habashi Quadrangle, sheet 26F, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 85-3, Report: iv, 87 p., ill.; Maps: 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr853.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 87 p., ill.; Maps: 28 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":148339,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0003/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":43018,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0003/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":43019,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0003/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":43020,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0003/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"Saudi Arabia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              42,\n              26\n            ],\n            [\n              42,\n              27\n            ],\n            [\n              43.5,\n              27\n            ],\n            [\n              43.5,\n              26\n            ],\n            [\n              42,\n              26\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e7fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, P.R.","contributorId":37332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, P. L.","contributorId":79109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fuller, F. J. (compiler)","contributorId":41003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"F.","suffix":"(compiler)","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":58594,"text":"mf1629A - 1985 - Mineral resource potential map of the Fossil Ridge Wilderness Study Area, Gunnison County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-19T11:40:51","indexId":"mf1629A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1629","chapter":"A","title":"Mineral resource potential map of the Fossil Ridge Wilderness Study Area, Gunnison County, Colorado","docAbstract":"<p>Parts of the Fossil Ridge Wilderness Study Area have a high resource potential for gold and silver in small deposits, uranium in medium-size deposits, and high-calcium limestone in large deposits. Parts have a moderate to high potential for uranium, thorium, and light rare-earth elements in small- to medium-size deposits, a moderate potential for copper, lead, and zinc in small deposits, a low potential for molybdenum in small deposits, and an unknown potential for molybdenum in deposits of unknown size. Parts of the area have a low potential for cobalt, chromium, tungsten, beryllium, boron, and tin in small deposits. And, depending on the extraction of precious metals, parts of the area could have a low potential for arsenic in small deposits. Tungsten, rare-earth elements, and tin could not be considered resources except for coexisting base metals, thorium, and uranium.</p>\n<p>Areas that immediately adjoin the Fossil Ridge Wilderness Study Area have a high potential for molybdenum in large deposits, lead in medium-size deposits, and zinc -in small- to medium-size deposits. Depending on the extraction of base metals, parts of the adjoining areas could have a low resource potential for bismuth and cadmium as byproducts in medium-size deposits.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/mf1629A","usgsCitation":"DeWitt, E., Stoneman, R.J., Clark, J.R., and Kluender, S., 1985, Mineral resource potential map of the Fossil Ridge Wilderness Study Area, Gunnison County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1629, Report: 21 p.; Plate: 53.17 x 39.63 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1629A.","productDescription":"Report: 21 p.; Plate: 53.17 x 39.63 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":183461,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1985/1629a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":88445,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1985/1629a/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":327020,"rank":301,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1629-A/plate-1.pdf","text":"Plate"}],"scale":"77500","country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Gunnison County","otherGeospatial":"Fossil Ridge Wilderness Study Area","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -106.75,38.6175 ], [ -106.75,38.75 ], [ -106.5,38.75 ], [ -106.5,38.6175 ], [ -106.75,38.6175 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8e08","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeWitt, Ed","contributorId":65081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeWitt","given":"Ed","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":259963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stoneman, R. J.","contributorId":100384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoneman","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":259964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clark, J. R.","contributorId":55764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":259961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kluender, S.E.","contributorId":61508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kluender","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":259962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":59736,"text":"mf1765 - 1985 - Stratigraphic cross sections and correlation of lignites in the Sentinel Butte member and upper part of the Tongue River member of the Fort Union Formation between Amidon and Fryburg, North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-26T15:00:08","indexId":"mf1765","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1765","title":"Stratigraphic cross sections and correlation of lignites in the Sentinel Butte member and upper part of the Tongue River member of the Fort Union Formation between Amidon and Fryburg, North Dakota","docAbstract":"<p>The Austin Farm bed was once mined form an adit in the SE1/4 sec, T. 136 N., R. 101 W. Its westerly outcrop extends from that point northward along the east side and north end of the valley of Third Creek at elevations between about 2740 and 2800 ft. It is the uppermost lignite bed preserved on Hanley and Cliffs Plateaus in T. 137 N., R. 101 W., where its thickness is generally from 2 to 4 ft. It is exposed at the NW corner of sec. 26, T. 138 N., R. 101 W., where it is 0.7 ft thick. The surface trace of the Austin Farm bed has not been mapped north of that location, and because of its thinness and local absence it is probably rarely exposed at the surface north of that point.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf1765","isbn":"0607815965","usgsCitation":"Hinds, J.S., 1985, Stratigraphic cross sections and correlation of lignites in the Sentinel Butte member and upper part of the Tongue River member of the Fort Union Formation between Amidon and Fryburg, North Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1765, 41.89 x 57.39 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1765.","productDescription":"41.89 x 57.39 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":180076,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1765/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":357801,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1765/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"256000","country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -103.36666666666666,46.45138888888889 ], [ -103.36666666666666,46.901111111111106 ], [ -103.0675,46.901111111111106 ], [ -103.0675,46.45138888888889 ], [ -103.36666666666666,46.45138888888889 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6af757","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hinds, Jim S.","contributorId":29800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinds","given":"Jim","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":262508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":30834,"text":"ofr857 - 1985 - Reconnaissance geochemical exploration of plutons of syenite and shonkinite, southern Asir, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-16T14:41:49","indexId":"ofr857","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-7","title":"Reconnaissance geochemical exploration of plutons of syenite and shonkinite, southern Asir, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","docAbstract":"<p>Reconnaissance geochemical exploration for rare metals in plutons of syenite and shonkinite disclosed generally less than 20 ppm Nb in rocks, wadi sediments, and concentrates. The sparsity of Nb is accompanied by low values for La, Sn, W, Y, and Zr and relatively high but insignificant values for Be and Mo. Base and precious metals are either below their respective limits of determination in the various sample media or are present at background levels commensurate with average crustal abundances in felsic rocks. Pegmatite dikes associated with the syenite plutons are rare and lack vermiculite. The present investigation disclosed no possible ore deposits in the plutons covered by the field work.</p>\n<p>Known kyanite-topaz-natroalunite rocks in the vicinity of the surveyed areas should be examined for possible deposits of Cu, Mo, or Au associated with high-alumina hydrothermal deposits.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr857","usgsCitation":"Overstreet, W., Assegaff, A., Hussain, M., Naqvi, M., Selner, G., and Matzko, J., 1985, Reconnaissance geochemical exploration of plutons of syenite and shonkinite, southern Asir, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 85-7, Report: v, 70 p.; maps: 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr857.","productDescription":"Report: v, 70 p.; maps: 28 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160928,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0007/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59565,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0007/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"Saudi Arabia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              42.5,\n              18\n            ],\n            [\n              42.5,\n              18.4\n            ],\n            [\n              42.7,\n              18.4\n            ],\n            [\n              42.7,\n              18\n            ],\n            [\n              42.5,\n              18\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              42.8,\n              17.6\n            ],\n            [\n              42.8,\n              17.9\n            ],\n            [\n              43,\n              17.9\n            ],\n            [\n              43,\n              17.6\n            ],\n            [\n              42.8,\n              17.6\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              43,\n              17.2\n            ],\n            [\n              43,\n              17.4\n            ],\n            [\n              43.3,\n              17.4\n            ],\n            [\n              43.3,\n              17.2\n            ],\n            [\n              43,\n              17.2\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a73e4b07f02db643cf4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Overstreet, W.C.","contributorId":105294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Overstreet","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Assegaff, A.B.","contributorId":35370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Assegaff","given":"A.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hussain, M.A.","contributorId":104492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hussain","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Naqvi, M.I.","contributorId":73598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naqvi","given":"M.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Selner, G.I.","contributorId":13229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Selner","given":"G.I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Matzko, J.J.","contributorId":87927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matzko","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":12166,"text":"ofr85273 - 1985 - Mineral resource potential of National Forest RARE II and wilderness lands in Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:46","indexId":"ofr85273","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-273","title":"Mineral resource potential of National Forest RARE II and wilderness lands in Wyoming","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr85273","usgsCitation":"Vaag, M., 1985, Mineral resource potential of National Forest RARE II and wilderness lands in Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 85-273, 102 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr85273.","productDescription":"102 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":146430,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0273/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":40204,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0273/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":40205,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0273/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b0be4b07f02db69d597","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vaag, M.K.","contributorId":93065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vaag","given":"M.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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