No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology of Utah's Far South","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Utah Geological Association","usgsCitation":"Dubiel, R.F., Huntoon, J.E., Stanesco, J.D., and Hasiotis, S.T., 2014, Depositional setting of the hoskinnini member of the Triassic Moenkopi Formation, southeastern Utah: Utah Geological Association Publication 43, CD.","productDescription":"CD","ipdsId":"IP-054869","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350080,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":350079,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.mapstore.utah.gov/uga43.html"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a6100c8e4b06e28e9c25417","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dubiel, Russell F. 0000-0002-1280-0350 rdubiel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1280-0350","contributorId":1294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dubiel","given":"Russell","email":"rdubiel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huntoon, Jacqueline E.","contributorId":146883,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huntoon","given":"Jacqueline","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stanesco, John D.","contributorId":74352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanesco","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hasiotis, Stephen T.","contributorId":77923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hasiotis","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70191008,"text":"70191008 - 2014 - Integrating research tools to support the management of social-ecological systems under climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-20T14:52:32","indexId":"70191008","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1468,"text":"Ecology and Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integrating research tools to support the management of social-ecological systems under climate change","docAbstract":"Developing resource management strategies in the face of climate change is complicated by the considerable uncertainty associated with projections of climate and its impacts and by the complex interactions between social and ecological variables. The broad, interconnected nature of this challenge has resulted in calls for analytical frameworks that integrate research tools and can support natural resource management decision making in the face of uncertainty and complex interactions. We respond to this call by first reviewing three methods that have proven useful for climate change research, but whose application and development have been largely isolated: species distribution modeling, scenario planning, and simulation modeling. Species distribution models provide data-driven estimates of the future distributions of species of interest, but they face several limitations and their output alone is not sufficient to guide complex decisions for how best to manage resources given social and economic considerations along with dynamic and uncertain future conditions. Researchers and managers are increasingly exploring potential futures of social-ecological systems through scenario planning, but this process often lacks quantitative response modeling and validation procedures. Simulation models are well placed to provide added rigor to scenario planning because of their ability to reproduce complex system dynamics, but the scenarios and management options explored in simulations are often not developed by stakeholders, and there is not a clear consensus on how to include climate model outputs. We see these strengths and weaknesses as complementarities and offer an analytical framework for integrating these three tools. We then describe the ways in which this framework can help shift climate change research from useful to usable.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecology and Society","doi":"10.5751/ES-06813-190341","usgsCitation":"Miller, B.W., and Morisette, J.T., 2014, Integrating research tools to support the management of social-ecological systems under climate change: Ecology and Society, v. 19, no. 3, p. 1-12, https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-06813-190341.","productDescription":"Article 41; 12 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"12","ipdsId":"IP-056771","costCenters":[{"id":477,"text":"North Central Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473287,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5751/es-06813-190341","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":345942,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59c37e3be4b091459a631706","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Brian W. 0000-0003-1716-1161","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1716-1161","contributorId":196603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":36940,"text":"National Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":710905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morisette, Jeffrey T. 0000-0002-0483-0082 morisettej@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0483-0082","contributorId":307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morisette","given":"Jeffrey","email":"morisettej@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":569,"text":"Southwest Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":477,"text":"North Central Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":710904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70196789,"text":"70196789 - 2014 - Observations from borehole dilution logging experiments in fractured crystalline rock under variable hydraulic conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-07T13:17:03","indexId":"70196789","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Observations from borehole dilution logging experiments in fractured crystalline rock under variable hydraulic conditions","docAbstract":"Identifying hydraulically active fractures in low permeability, crystalline-bedrock aquifers requires a variety of geophysical and hydrogeophysical borehole tools and approaches. One such approach is Single Borehole Dilution Tests (SBDT), which in some low flow cases have been shown to provide greater resolution of borehole flow than other logging procedures, such as vertical differential Heat Pulse Flowmeter (HPFM) logging. Because the tools used in SBDT collect continuous profiles of water quality or dye changes, they can identify horizontal flow zones and vertical flow. We used SBDT with a food grade blue dye as a tracer and dual photometer-nephelometer measurements to identify low flow zones.
SBDT were conducted at seven wells with open boreholes (exceeding 300 ft). At most of the wells HPFM logs were also collected. The seven wells are set in low-permeability, fractured granite and gneiss rocks underlying a former tetrachloroeythylene (PCE) source area at the Savage Municipal Well Superfund site in Milford, NH. Time series SBDT logs were collected at each of the seven wells under three distinct hydraulic conditions: (1) ambient conditions prior to a pump test at an adjacent well, (2) mid test, after 2-3 days of the start of the pump test, and (3) at the end of the test, after 8-9 days of the pump test. None of the SBDT were conducted under pumping conditions in the logged well. For each condition, wells were initially passively spiked with blue dye once and subsequent time series measurements were made.
Measurement accuracy and precision of the photometer tool is important in SBDT when attempting to detect low rates of borehole flow. Tests indicate that under ambient conditions, none of the wells had detectable flow as measured with HPFM logging. With SBDT, 4 of the 7 showed the presence of some very low flow. None of 5 (2 of the 7 wells initially logged with HPFM under ambient conditions were not re-logged) wells logged with the HPFM during the pump test had detectable flow. However, 3 of the 5 wells showed the patterns of very low flow with SBDT during the pump test including pumping induced changes of inflow and outflow patterns at one well.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Symposium on the application of geophysics to engineering and environmental problems 2014","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.4133/SAGEEP.27-034","usgsCitation":"Harte, P.T., Anderson, J.A., and Williams, J., 2014, Observations from borehole dilution logging experiments in fractured crystalline rock under variable hydraulic conditions, in Symposium on the application of geophysics to engineering and environmental problems 2014, p. 65-78, https://doi.org/10.4133/SAGEEP.27-034.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"65","endPage":"78","ipdsId":"IP-052596","costCenters":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":353977,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afeee0fe4b0da30c1bfc749","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harte, Philip T. 0000-0002-7718-1204 ptharte@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7718-1204","contributorId":1008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harte","given":"Philip","email":"ptharte@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":734415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, J. Alton 0000-0001-8426-2507 aanders@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8426-2507","contributorId":139789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"J.","email":"aanders@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Alton","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":734416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, John H. 0000-0002-6054-6908 jhwillia@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6054-6908","contributorId":1553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"John","email":"jhwillia@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":734417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70143191,"text":"70143191 - 2014 - Characterization of deep coral and sponge communities in the Gulf of the Farallones National Marine Sanctuary: Rittenburg Bank, Cochrane Bank and the Farallon Escarpment.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-21T16:12:42","indexId":"70143191","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesNumber":"NOS NCCOS 190","title":"Characterization of deep coral and sponge communities in the Gulf of the Farallones National Marine Sanctuary: Rittenburg Bank, Cochrane Bank and the Farallon Escarpment.","docAbstract":"Benthic surveys were conducted in the Gulf of Farallones National Marine Sanctuary (GFNMS) aboard R/V Fulmar, October 3-11, 2012 using the large observation-class remotely operated vehicle (ROV) Beagle. The purpose of the surveys was to groundtruth mapping data collected in 2011, and to characterize the seafloor biota, particularly corals and sponges, in order to support Essential Fish Habitat designations under Magnuson-Stevens Act (MSA) and other conservation and management goals under the National Marine Sanctuaries Act (NMSA). A total area of 25,416 sq. meters of sea floor was surveyed during 34 ROV transects. The overall research priorities were: (1) to locate and characterize DSC and sponge habitats in priority areas; (2) to collect information to help understand the value of DSCs and sponges as reservoirs of biodiversity, or habitat for associated species, including commercially important fishes and invertebrates; (3) to assess the condition of DSC/sponge assemblages in relation to potential anthropogenic or environmental disturbances; and (4) to make this information available to support fisheries and sanctuary management needs under MSA and NMSA requirements.
","language":"English","publisher":"NCCOS","collaboration":"NOAA","usgsCitation":"Etnoyer, P., Cochrane, G.R., Salgado, E., Graiff, K., Roletto, J., Williams, G., Reyna, K., and Hyland, J., 2014, Characterization of deep coral and sponge communities in the Gulf of the Farallones National Marine Sanctuary: Rittenburg Bank, Cochrane Bank and the Farallon Escarpment., iii; 38 p.","productDescription":"iii; 38 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061536","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312666,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":298636,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www2.coastalscience.noaa.gov/publications/detail.aspx?resource=5zy3qIWZ22tZM7wpcwF1ynGoSLypy/xF9QO4coSEshs="}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"he Gulf of the Farallones National Marine Sanctuary: Rittenburg Bank, Cochrane Bank and the Farallon Escarpment","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.16875457763672,\n 37.81737834565083\n ],\n [\n -123.00567626953125,\n 37.6816466602918\n ],\n [\n -123.12103271484375,\n 37.638975567983245\n ],\n [\n -123.24943542480467,\n 37.79323632157157\n ],\n [\n -123.27827453613281,\n 37.82442958216432\n ],\n [\n -123.19965362548828,\n 37.851543444173984\n ],\n [\n -123.16875457763672,\n 37.81737834565083\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"567930c1e4b0da412f4fb53d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Etnoyer, P.","contributorId":139690,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Etnoyer","given":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":12641,"text":"NOAA NMFS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cochrane, Guy R. 0000-0002-8094-4583 gcochrane@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8094-4583","contributorId":2870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochrane","given":"Guy","email":"gcochrane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Salgado, E.","contributorId":139691,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Salgado","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12641,"text":"NOAA NMFS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Graiff, K.","contributorId":139692,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Graiff","given":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":12641,"text":"NOAA NMFS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Roletto, J.","contributorId":139693,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roletto","given":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":12641,"text":"NOAA NMFS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Williams, G.J.","contributorId":26158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"G.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":542510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Reyna, K.","contributorId":139694,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reyna","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12641,"text":"NOAA NMFS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hyland, J.","contributorId":139695,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hyland","given":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":12641,"text":"NOAA NMFS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70099602,"text":"70099602 - 2014 - Gymnophthalmus speciosus (golden spectacled tegu): predation by great egret","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-26T14:16:56","indexId":"70099602","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1898,"text":"Herpetological Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gymnophthalmus speciosus (golden spectacled tegu): predation by great egret","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles","usgsCitation":"Reynolds, R.P., Whatton, J.F., and Gebhard, C.A., 2014, Gymnophthalmus speciosus (golden spectacled tegu): predation by great egret: Herpetological Review, v. 45, no. 1.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"128","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052675","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297537,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2bb8e4b08de9379b34a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reynolds, Robert P. rpreynolds@usgs.gov","contributorId":3561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Robert","email":"rpreynolds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":518641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whatton, James F.","contributorId":36847,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whatton","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":539269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gebhard, Christina A.","contributorId":54107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gebhard","given":"Christina","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":539270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70138540,"text":"70138540 - 2014 - Development of a portable active long-path differential optical absorption spectroscopy system for volcanic gas measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-14T08:34:07","indexId":"70138540","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3855,"text":"Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development of a portable active long-path differential optical absorption spectroscopy system for volcanic gas measurements","docAbstract":" Active long-path differential optical absorption spectroscopy (LP-DOAS) has been an effective tool for measuring atmospheric trace gases for several decades. However, instruments were large, heavy and power-inefficient, making their application to remote environments extremely challenging. Recent developments in fibre-coupling telescope technology and the availability of ultraviolet light emitting diodes (UV-LEDS) have now allowed us to design and construct a lightweight, portable, low-power LP-DOAS instrument for use at remote locations and specifically for measuring degassing from active volcanic systems. The LP-DOAS was used to measure sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions from La Fossa crater, Vulcano, Italy, where column densities of up to 1.2 × 1018 molec cm−2 (~ 500 ppmm) were detected along open paths of up to 400 m in total length. The instrument's SO2 detection limit was determined to be 2 × 1016 molec cm−2 (~ 8 ppmm), thereby making quantitative detection of even trace amounts of SO2 possible. The instrument is capable of measuring other volcanic volatile species as well. Though the spectral evaluation of the recorded data showed that chlorine monoxide (ClO) and carbon disulfide (CS2) were both below the instrument's detection limits during the experiment, the upper limits for the X / SO2 ratio (X = ClO, CS2) could be derived, and yielded 2 × 10−3 and 0.1, respectively. The robust design and versatility of the instrument make it a promising tool for monitoring of volcanic degassing and understanding processes in a range of volcanic systems.
Groundwater is the principal source of freshwater supply in most of Southern Maryland and Maryland’s Eastern Shore. It is also the source of freshwater supply used in the operation of the Calvert Cliffs, Chalk Point, and Morgantown power plants. Increased groundwater withdrawals over the last several decades have caused groundwater levels to decline. This report presents potentiometric-surface maps of the Aquia and Magothy aquifers and the Upper Patapsco, Lower Patapsco, and Patuxent aquifer systems using water levels measured during September 2013. Water-level difference maps are also presented for four of these aquifers. The water-level differences in the Aquia aquifer are shown using groundwater-level data from 1982 and 2013, while the water-level differences are presented for the Magothy aquifer using data from 1975 and 2013. Water-level difference maps for both the Upper Patapsco and Lower Patapsco aquifer systems are presented using data from 1990 and 2013.
\nThe potentiometric surface maps show water levels ranging from 165 feet above sea level to 199 feet below sea level. Water levels have declined by as much as 113 feet in the Aquia aquifer since 1982, 81 feet in the Magothy aquifer since 1975, and 61 and 95 feet in the Upper Patapsco and Lower Patapsco aquifer systems, respectively, since 1990.
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","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1002/2014GL061099","usgsCitation":"Gomez-Velez, J., and Harvey, J., 2014, A hydrogeomorphic river network model predicts where and why hyporheic exchange is important in large basins: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 41, no. 18, p. 6403-6412, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL061099.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"6403","endPage":"6412","ipdsId":"IP-059472","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473314,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014gl061099","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":340245,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"18","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-09-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59006065e4b0e85db3a5ddef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gomez-Velez, Jesus D. jgomezvelez@usgs.gov","contributorId":191320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gomez-Velez","given":"Jesus D.","email":"jgomezvelez@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":692743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harvey, Judson 0000-0002-2654-9873 jwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":140228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Judson","email":"jwharvey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":692744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70147238,"text":"70147238 - 2014 - Post-breeding migration of Dutch-breeding black-tailed godwits: timing, routes, use of stopovers, and nonbreeding destinations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-20T11:23:54","indexId":"70147238","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":900,"text":"Ardea","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Post-breeding migration of Dutch-breeding black-tailed godwits: timing, routes, use of stopovers, and nonbreeding destinations","docAbstract":"Conservation of long-distance migratory shorebirds is complex because these species use habitats spread across continents and hemispheres, making identification of critical habitats and potential bottlenecks in the annual cycle especially difficult. The population of Black-tailed Godwits that breeds in Western Europe, Limosa limosa limosa, has declined precipitously over the past few decades. Despite significant efforts to identify the root causes of this decline, much remains unclear. To better understand the migratory timing, use of stopover and nonbreeding sites, and the potential impact of breeding success on these parameters, we attached 15 Argos satellite transmitters and 10 geolocation tracking devices to adult godwits nearing completion of incubation at breeding sites in southwest Friesland, The Netherlands during the spring of 2009. We successfully tracked 16 adult godwits for their entire southward migration and two others for part of it. Three migration patterns and four regions of use were apparent. Most godwits left their breeding sites and proceeded south directly to stopover sites in the Mediterranean — e.g. Spain, Portugal, and Morocco — before flying on to non-breeding sites in West Africa. Other individuals spent the entire nonbreeding season in the Mediterranean. A third pattern included a few individuals that flew nonstop from their Dutch breeding sites to nonbreeding sites in West Africa. Tracking data from this study will be immediately useful for conservation efforts focused on preserving the dispersed network of sites used by godwits during their southward migration.
","language":"English","publisher":"Netherlands Ornithologists' Union","doi":"10.5253/078.101.0209","usgsCitation":"Hooijmeijer, J.C., Senner, N.R., Tibbitts, T.L., Gill, R., Douglas, D.C., Bruinzeel, L.W., Wymenga, E., and Piersma, T., 2014, Post-breeding migration of Dutch-breeding black-tailed godwits: timing, routes, use of stopovers, and nonbreeding destinations: Ardea, v. 101, no. 2, p. 141-152, https://doi.org/10.5253/078.101.0209.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"141","endPage":"152","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-048977","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473318,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5253/078.101.0209","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":299955,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"The Netherlands","state":"Friesland","otherGeospatial":"Mediterranean, West Africa","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 7.207031249999999,\n 53.225768435790194\n ],\n [\n 6.30615234375,\n 53.605544099238\n ],\n [\n 5.07568359375,\n 53.409531853086435\n ],\n [\n 4.581298828125,\n 53.034607110319044\n ],\n [\n 4.306640625,\n 52.18066872927715\n ],\n [\n 3.40576171875,\n 51.60437164681676\n ],\n [\n -1.494140625,\n 46.28622391806706\n ],\n [\n -9.4482421875,\n 38.85682013474361\n ],\n [\n -17.402343749999996,\n 14.774882506516272\n ],\n [\n -16.34765625,\n 11.523087506868514\n ],\n [\n -5.16357421875,\n 7.100892668623654\n ],\n [\n -3.6035156249999996,\n 13.923403897723347\n ],\n [\n 4.482421875,\n 15.792253570362446\n ],\n [\n -4.921875,\n 35.460669951495305\n ],\n [\n 5.053710937499999,\n 49.781264058178344\n ],\n [\n 7.207031249999999,\n 53.225768435790194\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"101","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5542012de4b0a658d793b44f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hooijmeijer, Jos C. E. W.","contributorId":64996,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hooijmeijer","given":"Jos","email":"","middleInitial":"C. E. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Senner, Nathan R.","contributorId":140465,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Senner","given":"Nathan","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tibbitts, T. 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Jr. 0000-0002-6385-4500 rgill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6385-4500","contributorId":171747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"Robert E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"rgill@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":2388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bruinzeel, Leo W.","contributorId":31675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bruinzeel","given":"Leo","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wymenga, Eddy","contributorId":140466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wymenga","given":"Eddy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Piersma, Theunis","contributorId":95369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piersma","given":"Theunis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70148121,"text":"70148121 - 2014 - Distribution and habitat associations of juvenile Common Snook in the lower Rio Grande, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-03T10:28:30","indexId":"70148121","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2680,"text":"Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution and habitat associations of juvenile Common Snook in the lower Rio Grande, Texas","docAbstract":"Common Snook Centropomus undecimalis were once abundant off the Texas coast, but these populations are now characterized by low abundance and erratic recruitment. Most research concerning Common Snook in North America has been conducted in Florida and very little is known about the specific biology and habitat needs of Common Snook in Texas. The primary objective of this study was to describe the habitat use patterns of juvenile Common Snook and their role in the fish assemblage in the lower portion of the Rio Grande, Texas. Secondarily, we documented the relationship between age and juvenile reproductive development. Fish were collected during January–March 2006 from the lower 51.5 km of the Rio Grande using a bottom trawl and boat-mounted electrofisher. Measurements of water quality and other habitat traits were recorded at each sampling site. We captured 225 Common Snook exclusively in freshwater habitats above river kilometer 12.9. The distribution of juvenile Common Snook was not random, but influenced primarily by turbidity and dissolved oxygen. Sex differentiation and gonadal development based on histological examination of gonads established that age-1 and age-2 Common Snook were juvenile, prepubertal males. There was no difference between the age groups in their overall distribution in the river. However, age-2 Common Snook were associated with deeper areas with faster currents, higher conductivity, and steeper banks. Overall, Common Snook in the lower Rio Grande show substantial differences in habitat use than their counterparts in other parts of the range of the species, but it is unclear whether this is due to differences in habitat availability, behavioral plasticity, or some combination thereof.
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2014 - Spawning behavior in Atlantic cod: analysis by use of data storage tags","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-03T10:52:00","indexId":"70148128","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spawning behavior in Atlantic cod: analysis by use of data storage tags","docAbstract":"Electronic data storage tags (DSTs) were implanted into Atlantic cod captured in Icelandic waters from 2002 to 2007 and the depth profiles recovered from these tags (females: n = 31, males: n = 27) were used to identify patterns consistent with published descriptions of cod courtship and spawning behavior. The individual periods of time that males spent exhibiting behavior consistent with being present in a spawning aggregation—i.e. periods consisting of a clear tidal signature in the DST depth profile associated with an individual remaining on or near the substrate—were longer than those of females. Over the course of a spawning season, male cod spent approximately twice the amount of time in spawning aggregations than females, but female cod visited more aggregations per unit time. On average, males participated in approximately 57% more putative spawning events, i.e. vertical ascents potentially corresponding to gamete release, than did females. However, males <85 cm total length participated in the same number of putative spawning events as females of comparable size. In both sexes, larger individuals and/or individuals that spent a longer period of time within an aggregation participated in a larger number of putative spawning events. Although further validation and refinement is necessary, particularly in the identification of spawning events, the ability offered by DSTs to quantify cod spawning behavior may aid in the development of management and conservation plans.
","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/meps10787","usgsCitation":"Grabowski, T.B., Thorsteinsson, V., and Marteinsdottir, G., 2014, Spawning behavior in Atlantic cod: analysis by use of data storage tags: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 506, p. 279-290, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps10787.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"279","endPage":"290","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-050100","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473317,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps10787","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":301015,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Iceland","volume":"506","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5570253fe4b0d9246a9fd1b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grabowski, Timothy B. 0000-0001-9763-8948 tgrabowski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9763-8948","contributorId":4178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grabowski","given":"Timothy","email":"tgrabowski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thorsteinsson, Vilhjalmur","contributorId":49215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorsteinsson","given":"Vilhjalmur","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":548146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marteinsdottir, Gudrun","contributorId":11099,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marteinsdottir","given":"Gudrun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":548147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70148145,"text":"70148145 - 2014 - Assessing distribution of migratory fishes and connectivity following complete and partial dam removals in a North Carolina River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-27T13:44:03","indexId":"70148145","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing distribution of migratory fishes and connectivity following complete and partial dam removals in a North Carolina River","docAbstract":"Fish, especially migratory species, are assumed to benefit from dam removals that restore connectivity and access to upstream habitat, but few studies have evaluated this assumption. Therefore, we assessed the movement of migratory fishes in the springs of 2008 through 2010 and surveyed available habitat in the Little River, North Carolina, a tributary to the Neuse River, after three complete dam removals and one partial (notched) dam removal. We tagged migratory fishes with PIT tags at a resistance-board weir located at a dam removal site (river kilometer [rkm] 3.7) and followed their movements with an array of PIT antennas. The river-wide distribution of fish following removals varied by species. For example, 24–31% of anadromous American Shad Alosa sapidissima, 45–49% of resident Gizzard Shad Dorosoma cepedianum, and 4–11% of nonnative Flathead CatfishPylodictis olivaris passed the dam removal site at rkm 56 in 2009 and 2010. No preremoval data were available for comparison, but reach connectivity appeared to increase as tagged individuals passed former dam sites and certain individuals moved extensively both upstream and downstream. However, 17–28% did not pass the partially removed dam at rkm 7.9, while 20–39% of those that passed remained downstream for more than a day before migrating upstream. Gizzard Shad required the deepest water to pass this notched structure, followed by American Shad then Flathead Catfish. Fish that passed the notched dam accessed more complex habitat (e.g., available substrate size-classes) in the middle and upper reaches. The results provide strong support for efforts to restore currently inaccessible habitat through complete removal of derelict dams.
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priorities","docAbstract":"Conservation efforts for threatened or endangered species are challenging because the multi-scale factors that relate to their decline or inhibit their recovery are often unknown. To further exacerbate matters, the perceptions associated with the mechanisms of species decline are often viewed myopically rather than across the entire species range. We used over 80 years of fish presence data collected from the Great Plains and associated ecoregions of the United States, to investigate the relative influence of changing environmental factors on the historic and current truncated distributions of the Arkansas River shiner Notropis girardi. Arkansas River shiner represent a threatened reproductive ecotype considered especially well adapted to the harsh environmental extremes of the Great Plains. Historic (n = 163 records) and current (n = 47 records) species distribution models were constructed using a vector-based approach in MaxEnt by splitting the available data at a time when Arkansas River shiner dramatically declined. Discharge and stream order were significant predictors in both models; however, the shape of the relationship between the predictors and species presence varied between time periods. Drift distance (river fragment length available for ichthyoplankton downstream drift before meeting a barrier) was a more important predictor in the current model and indicated river segments 375–780 km had the highest probability of species presence. Performance for the historic and current models was high (area under the curve; AUC > 0.95); however, forecasting and backcasting to alternative time periods suggested less predictive power. Our results identify fragments that could be considered refuges for endemic plains fish species and we highlight significant environmental factors (e.g., discharge) that could be manipulated to aid recovery.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/gcb.12329","usgsCitation":"Worthington, T.A., Brewer, S.K., Grabowski, T.B., and Mueller, J., 2014, Backcasting the decline of a vulnerable Great Plains reproductive ecotype: identifying threats and conservation priorities: Global Change Biology, v. 20, no. 1, p. 89-102, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12329.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"89","endPage":"102","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-045497","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300250,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Plains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.9736328125,\n 34.052659421375964\n ],\n [\n -107.9736328125,\n 40.245991504199026\n ],\n [\n -91.49414062499999,\n 40.245991504199026\n ],\n [\n -91.49414062499999,\n 34.052659421375964\n ],\n [\n -107.9736328125,\n 34.052659421375964\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"20","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-10-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"554dde29e4b082ec54129f19","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Worthington, Thomas A.","contributorId":140662,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Worthington","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":7249,"text":"Oklahoma State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":546500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brewer, Shannon K. 0000-0002-1537-3921 skbrewer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1537-3921","contributorId":2252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brewer","given":"Shannon","email":"skbrewer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grabowski, Timothy B. 0000-0001-9763-8948 tgrabowski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9763-8948","contributorId":4178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grabowski","given":"Timothy","email":"tgrabowski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mueller, Julia","contributorId":140663,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mueller","given":"Julia","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70146522,"text":"70146522 - 2014 - Landscapes of Santa Rosa Island, Channel Islands National Park, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-01T16:37:05","indexId":"70146522","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Landscapes of Santa Rosa Island, Channel Islands National Park, California","docAbstract":"Santa Rosa Island (SRI) is the second-largest of the California Channel Islands. It is one of 4 east–west aligned islands forming the northern Channel Islands chain, and one of the 5 islands in Channel Islands National Park. The landforms, and collections of landforms called landscapes, of Santa Rosa Island have been created by tectonic uplift and faulting, rising and falling sea level, landslides, erosion and deposition, floods, and droughts. Landscape features, and areas delineating groups of related features on Santa Rosa Island, are mapped, classified, and described in this paper. Notable landscapes on the island include beaches, coastal plains formed on marine terraces, sand dunes, and sand sheets. In this study, the inland physiography has been classified into 4 areas based on relief and degree of fluvial dissection. Most of the larger streams on the island occupy broad valleys that have been filled with alluvium and later incised to form steep- to vertical-walled arroyos, or barrancas, leaving a relict floodplain above the present channel. A better understanding of the processes and mechanisms that created these landscapes enhances visitors’ enjoyment of their surroundings and contributes to improving land and resource management strategies in order to optimize and balance the multiple goals of conservation, preservation, restoration, and visitor experience.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Monographs of the Western North American Naturalist","language":"English","publisher":"Brigham Young University Press","usgsCitation":"Schumann, R.R., Minor, S.A., Muhs, D.R., and Pigati, J., 2014, Landscapes of Santa Rosa Island, Channel Islands National Park, California, chap. of Monographs of the Western North American Naturalist, v. 7, no. 1, p. 48-67.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"48","endPage":"67","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-045455","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311774,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":299706,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ojs.lib.byu.edu/spc/index.php/wnanmonos/article/view/34557"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Santa Rosa island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.24673461914062,\n 34.004858205417264\n ],\n [\n -120.14785766601561,\n 34.03217648339047\n ],\n [\n -120.04348754882812,\n 34.04469442222683\n ],\n [\n -119.96932983398438,\n 33.98436372829188\n ],\n [\n -119.95285034179688,\n 33.94222067051576\n ],\n [\n -120.08193969726562,\n 33.89207743274474\n ],\n [\n -120.15472412109375,\n 33.889797493644444\n ],\n [\n -120.22750854492186,\n 33.944499207394635\n ],\n [\n -120.25360107421874,\n 34.00144280255186\n ],\n [\n -120.24673461914062,\n 34.004858205417264\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"7","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"565ed2b9e4b071e7ea54442d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schumann, R. Randall 0000-0001-8158-6960 rschumann@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8158-6960","contributorId":1569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schumann","given":"R.","email":"rschumann@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Randall","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Minor, Scott A. 0000-0002-6976-9235 sminor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6976-9235","contributorId":765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minor","given":"Scott","email":"sminor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Muhs, Daniel R. 0000-0001-7449-251X dmuhs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-251X","contributorId":140288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhs","given":"Daniel","email":"dmuhs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":545028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pigati, Jeffery S. jpigati@usgs.gov","contributorId":140289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pigati","given":"Jeffery S.","email":"jpigati@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":545029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70188813,"text":"70188813 - 2014 - Uranium–Lead dating, opal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-27T12:52:01","indexId":"70188813","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Uranium–Lead dating, opal","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Encyclopedia of scientific dating methods","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-94-007-6326-5_263-1","usgsCitation":"Neymark, L., 2014, Uranium–Lead dating, opal, chap. of Encyclopedia of scientific dating methods, p. 1-9, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6326-5_263-1.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"9","ipdsId":"IP-051885","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342967,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-02-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59536eaee4b062508e3c7ab1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neymark, Leonid A. 0000-0003-4190-0278 lneymark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4190-0278","contributorId":140338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neymark","given":"Leonid A.","email":"lneymark@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":700466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70187340,"text":"70187340 - 2014 - Changes in vegetation and biological soil crust communities on sand dunes stabilizing after a century of grazing on San Miguel Island, Channel Island National Park, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-17T09:22:09","indexId":"70187340","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2785,"text":"Monographs of the Western North American Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in vegetation and biological soil crust communities on sand dunes stabilizing after a century of grazing on San Miguel Island, Channel Island National Park, California","docAbstract":"San Miguel Island is the westernmost of the California Channel Islands and one of the windiest areas on the west coast of North America. The majority of the island is covered by coastal sand dunes, which were stripped of vegetation and subsequently mobilized due to droughts and sheep ranching during the late 19th century and early 20th century. Since the removal of grazing animals, vegetation and biological soil crusts have once again stabilized many of the island's dunes. In this study, historical aerial photographs and field surveys were used to develop a chronosequence of the pattern of change in vegetation communities and biological soil crust levels of development (LOD) along a gradient of dune stabilization. Historical aerial photographs from 1929, 1954, 1977, and 2009 were georeferenced and used to delineate changes in vegetation canopy cover and active (unvegetated) dune extent among 5 historical periods (pre-1929, 1929–1954, 1954–1977, 1977–2009, and 2009–2011). During fieldwork, vegetation and biological soil crust communities were mapped along transects distributed throughout San Miguel Island's central dune field on land forms that had stabilized during the 5 time periods of interest. Analyses in a geographic information system (GIS) quantified the pattern of changes that vegetation and biological soil crust communities have exhibited on the San Miguel Island dunes over the past 80 years. Results revealed that a continuing increase in total vegetation cover and a complex pattern of change in vegetation communities have taken place on the San Miguel Island dunes since the removal of grazing animals. The highly specialized native vascular vegetation (sea rocket, dunedelion, beach-bur, and locoweed) are the pioneer stabilizers of the dunes. This pioneer community is replaced in later stages by communities that are dominated by native shrubs (coastal goldenbush, silver lupine, coyote-brush, and giant coreopsis), with apparently overlapping or cyclical succession pathways. Many of the dunes that have been stabilized the longest (since before 1929) are dominated by exotic grasses. Stands of biological soil crusts (cyanobacteria) are found only on dunes where vascular vegetation is already present. Biological soil crusts are not found on dunes exhibiting a closed vascular plant canopy, which may indicate that the role of soil crusts in dune stabilization on the island is transitory. Particle-size analyses of soil samples from the study area reveal that higher biological soil crust LOD is positively correlated with increasing fine grain content. The findings indicate that changes in vegetation communities may be the most rapid at earlier and later stages of dune stabilization and that regular monitoring of dunes may help to identify the interactions between vegetation and soil crusts, as well as the potential transitions between native and exotic plant communities.
","language":"English","publisher":"Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University","doi":"10.3398/042.007.0118","usgsCitation":"Zellman, K.L., 2014, Changes in vegetation and biological soil crust communities on sand dunes stabilizing after a century of grazing on San Miguel Island, Channel Island National Park, California: Monographs of the Western North American Naturalist, v. 7, no. 1, p. 225-245, https://doi.org/10.3398/042.007.0118.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"225","endPage":"245","ipdsId":"IP-045921","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473313,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3398/042.007.0118","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":340691,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Miguel Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.46920776367188,\n 34.00599664251842\n ],\n [\n -120.28175354003906,\n 34.00599664251842\n ],\n [\n -120.28175354003906,\n 34.085080620514844\n ],\n [\n -120.46920776367188,\n 34.085080620514844\n ],\n [\n -120.46920776367188,\n 34.00599664251842\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"7","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59084934e4b0fc4e448ffd8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zellman, Kristine L. 0000-0002-7088-429X kzellman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7088-429X","contributorId":4849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zellman","given":"Kristine","email":"kzellman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":693541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70189372,"text":"70189372 - 2014 - Equations for calculating hydrogeochemical reactions of minerals and gases such as CO2 at high pressures and temperatures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-12T09:20:32","indexId":"70189372","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Equations for calculating hydrogeochemical reactions of minerals and gases such as CO2 at high pressures and temperatures","title":"Equations for calculating hydrogeochemical reactions of minerals and gases such as CO2 at high pressures and temperatures","docAbstract":"Calculating the solubility of gases and minerals at the high pressures of carbon capture and storage in geological reservoirs requires an accurate description of the molar volumes of aqueous species and the fugacity coefficients of gases. Existing methods for calculating the molar volumes of aqueous species are limited to a specific concentration matrix (often seawater), have been fit for a limited temperature (below 60 °C) or pressure range, apply only at infinite dilution, or are defined for salts instead of individual ions. A more general and reliable calculation of apparent molar volumes of single ions is presented, based on a modified Redlich–Rosenfeld equation. The modifications consist of (1) using the Born equation to calculate the temperature dependence of the intrinsic volumes, following Helgeson–Kirkham–Flowers (HKF), but with Bradley and Pitzer’s expression for the dielectric permittivity of water, (2) using the pressure dependence of the extended Debye–Hückel equation to constrain the limiting slope of the molar volume with ionic strength, and (3) adopting the convention that the proton has zero volume at all ionic strengths, temperatures and pressures. The modifications substantially reduce the number of fitting parameters, while maintaining or even extending the range of temperature and pressure over which molar volumes can be accurately estimated. The coefficients in the HKF-modified-Redlich–Rosenfeld equation were fitted by least-squares on measured solution densities.
The limiting volume and attraction factor in the Van der Waals equation of state can be estimated with the Peng–Robinson approach from the critical temperature, pressure, and acentric factor of a gas. The Van der Waals equation can then be used to determine the fugacity coefficients for pure gases and gases in a mixture, and the solubility of the gas can be calculated from the fugacity, the molar volume in aqueous solution, and the equilibrium constant. The coefficients for the Peng–Robinson equations are readily available in the literature.
The required equations have been implemented in PHREEQC, version 3, and the parameters for calculating the partial molar volumes and fugacity coefficients have been added to the databases that are distributed with PHREEQC. The ease of use and power of the formulation are illustrated by calculating the solubility of CO2 at high pressures and temperatures, and comparing with well-known examples from the geochemical literature. The equations and parameterizations are suitable for wide application in hydrogeochemical systems, especially in the field of carbon capture and storage.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2013.10.003","usgsCitation":"Appelo, C., Parkhurst, D.L., and Post, V., 2014, Equations for calculating hydrogeochemical reactions of minerals and gases such as CO2 at high pressures and temperatures: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 125, p. 49-67, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2013.10.003.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"49","endPage":"67","ipdsId":"IP-041823","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343643,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"125","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59673544e4b0d1f9f05dd7e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Appelo, C.A.J.","contributorId":106539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Appelo","given":"C.A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parkhurst, David L. 0000-0003-3348-1544 dlpark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3348-1544","contributorId":1088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parkhurst","given":"David","email":"dlpark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Post, V.E.A.","contributorId":56078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Post","given":"V.E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70188035,"text":"70188035 - 2014 - A universal Model-R Coupler to facilitate the use of R functions for model calibration and analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-31T14:15:41","indexId":"70188035","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1551,"text":"Environmental Modelling and Software","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A universal Model-R Coupler to facilitate the use of R functions for model calibration and analysis","docAbstract":"Mathematical models are useful in various fields of science and engineering. However, it is a challenge to make a model utilize the open and growing functions (e.g., model inversion) on the R platform due to the requirement of accessing and revising the model's source code. To overcome this barrier, we developed a universal tool that aims to convert a model developed in any computer language to an R function using the template and instruction concept of the Parameter ESTimation program (PEST) and the operational structure of the R-Soil and Water Assessment Tool (R-SWAT). The developed tool (Model-R Coupler) is promising because users of any model can connect an external algorithm (written in R) with their model to implement various model behavior analyses (e.g., parameter optimization, sensitivity and uncertainty analysis, performance evaluation, and visualization) without accessing or modifying the model's source code.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envsoft.2014.08.012","usgsCitation":"Wu, Y., Liu, S., and Yan, W., 2014, A universal Model-R Coupler to facilitate the use of R functions for model calibration and analysis: Environmental Modelling and Software, v. 62, p. 65-69, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2014.08.012.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"65","endPage":"69","ipdsId":"IP-054920","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341952,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"62","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"592fd640e4b0e9bd0ea89707","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wu, Yiping ywu@usgs.gov","contributorId":987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"Yiping","email":"ywu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, Shuguang 0000-0002-6027-3479 sliu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6027-3479","contributorId":147403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Shuguang","email":"sliu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yan, Wende","contributorId":192438,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yan","given":"Wende","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70188031,"text":"70188031 - 2014 - Development of a generic auto-calibration package for regional ecological modeling and application in the Central Plains of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-31T15:23:13","indexId":"70188031","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1457,"text":"Ecological Informatics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development of a generic auto-calibration package for regional ecological modeling and application in the Central Plains of the United States","docAbstract":"Process-oriented ecological models are frequently used for predicting potential impacts of global changes such as climate and land-cover changes, which can be useful for policy making. It is critical but challenging to automatically derive optimal parameter values at different scales, especially at regional scale, and validate the model performance. In this study, we developed an automatic calibration (auto-calibration) function for a well-established biogeochemical model—the General Ensemble Biogeochemical Modeling System (GEMS)-Erosion Deposition Carbon Model (EDCM)—using data assimilation technique: the Shuffled Complex Evolution algorithm and a model-inversion R package—Flexible Modeling Environment (FME). The new functionality can support multi-parameter and multi-objective auto-calibration of EDCM at the both pixel and regional levels. We also developed a post-processing procedure for GEMS to provide options to save the pixel-based or aggregated county-land cover specific parameter values for subsequent simulations. In our case study, we successfully applied the updated model (EDCM-Auto) for a single crop pixel with a corn–wheat rotation and a large ecological region (Level II)—Central USA Plains. The evaluation results indicate that EDCM-Auto is applicable at multiple scales and is capable to handle land cover changes (e.g., crop rotations). The model also performs well in capturing the spatial pattern of grain yield production for crops and net primary production (NPP) for other ecosystems across the region, which is a good example for implementing calibration and validation of ecological models with readily available survey data (grain yield) and remote sensing data (NPP) at regional and national levels. The developed platform for auto-calibration can be readily expanded to incorporate other model inversion algorithms and potential R packages, and also be applied to other ecological models.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoinf.2013.11.008","usgsCitation":"Wu, Y., Liu, S., Li, Z., Dahal, D., Young, C.J., Schmidt, G.L., Liu, J., Davis, B., Sohl, T.L., Werner, J.M., and Oeding, J., 2014, Development of a generic auto-calibration package for regional ecological modeling and application in the Central Plains of the United States: Ecological Informatics, v. 19, p. 35-46, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2013.11.008.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"35","endPage":"46","ipdsId":"IP-052570","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341959,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"592fd641e4b0e9bd0ea8970f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wu, Yiping 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","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Future of fisheries: Perspectives for emerging professionals","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","isbn":"978-1-934874-38-7","usgsCitation":"Rabeni, C.F., and Brewer, S.K., 2014, Linking successful careers to successful fisheries, chap. of Future of fisheries: Perspectives for emerging professionals.","ipdsId":"IP-043507","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350539,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":350538,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://fisheries.org/bookstore/all-titles/professional-and-trade/55073p-2/"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a6857dee4b06e28e9c65e56","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rabeni, Charles F.","contributorId":34804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rabeni","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brewer, Shannon K. 0000-0002-1537-3921 skbrewer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1537-3921","contributorId":2252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brewer","given":"Shannon","email":"skbrewer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":713803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70193117,"text":"70193117 - 2014 - Advantages of active love wave techniques in geophysical characterizations of seismographic station - Case studies in California and the central and eastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-02T14:51:15","indexId":"70193117","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Advantages of active love wave techniques in geophysical characterizations of seismographic station - Case studies in California and the central and eastern United States","docAbstract":"Active-source Love waves, recorded by the multi-channel analysis of surface wave (MASLW) technique, were recently analyzed in two site characterization projects. Between 2010 and 2012, the 2009 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) funded GEOVision to conduct geophysical investigations at 191 seismographic stations in California and the Central Eastern U.S. (CEUS). The original project plan was to utilize active and passive Rayleigh wave-based techniques to obtain shear-wave velocity (VS) profiles to a minimum depth of 30 m and the time-averaged VS of the upper 30 meters (VS30). Early in this investigation it became clear that Rayleigh wave techniques, such as multi-channel analysis of surface waves (MASRW), were not suited for characterizing all sites. Shear-wave seismic refraction and MASLW techniques were therefore applied. In 2012, the Electric Power Research Institute funded characterization of 33 CEUS station sites. Based on experience from the ARRA investigation, both MASRW and MASLW data were acquired by GEOVision at 24 CEUS sites. At shallow rock sites, sites with steep velocity gradients, and, sites with a thin, low velocity, surficial soil layer overlying stiffer sediments, Love wave techniques generally were found to be easier to interpret, i.e., Love wave data typically yielded unambiguous fundamental mode dispersion curves and thus, reduce uncertainty in the resultant VS model. These types of velocity structure often excite dominant higher modes in Rayleigh wave data, but not in the Love wave data. It is possible to model Rayleigh wave data using multi- or effective-mode techniques; however, extraction of Rayleigh wave dispersion data was found to be difficult in many cases. These results imply that field procedures should include careful scrutiny of Rayleigh wave-based dispersion data in order to also collect Love wave data when warranted.
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