A 12-week feeding study was conducted to determine if either whole or dehulled lupin flour could be used as an economical replacement for full-fat soybean meal (FFSM) in a ration for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and to determine if it was necessary to replace the soybean oil lost when FFSM was omitted from the ration. The results of the trial indicated that lupin can be used as a substitute for FFSM without the soy oil supplements used in a previous study. Total percentage weight gains of fish fed the diets containing soy, lupin, or lupin with added oil for 12 weeks all fell within the range 170–180. In addition, in fish fed the diets containing the higher-protein lupin, growth was at least equal to and up to 15% greater than that shown by the fish fed the soy diets. This interpretation of the data would indicate that the economics of using lupin (at the quoted prices) favors its use over FFSM in the test ration and that the dehulled (higher-protein) lupin may be even more desirable for use in feeds for salmonids.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0044-8486(91)90204-K","usgsCitation":"Hughes, S.G., 1991, Use of lupflour as a replacement for full-fat soy diets for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): Aquaculture, v. 93, no. 1, p. 57-62, https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(91)90204-K.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"62","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132239,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db6858dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hughes, S. G.","contributorId":92200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015583,"text":"70015583 - 1991 - National aerial photography program as a geographic information system resource","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:58","indexId":"70015583","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"National aerial photography program as a geographic information system resource","docAbstract":"The National Aerial Photography Program (NAPP) is jointly funded by Federal agencies and States that choose to participate in a 50-50 cost sharing cooperative arrangement. The NAPP is designed to acquire black-and-white (B&W) or color infrared (CIR) photography at a scale of 1:40,000. The status of NAPP flying, now going into the first year of its second 5-year cycle, is reviewed to inform the user community of NAPP's coverage. The resolution, geometric quality and flight parameters are used to estimate the system's cartographic potential to produce orthophotoquads, digital elevation models, topographic maps and digital information to meet national map accuracy standards at 1:12,000 and 1:24,000-scale and serve as a geographic information system resource. Also, a technique is presented to compute the optimum scanning spot size (15 ??m) and storage required for converting the B&W or CIR photography to digital, machine-readable pixel form. The resulting digital NAPP data are suitable for a wide variety of new applications, including use in geographic information systems.","largerWorkTitle":"GIS/LIS 1991 ACSM-ASPRS Fall Convention","conferenceTitle":"1991 ACSM-ASPRS Fall Convention","conferenceDate":"28 October 1991 through 1 November 1991","conferenceLocation":"Atlanta, GA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASPRS","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD, United States","usgsCitation":"Light, D.L., 1991, National aerial photography program as a geographic information system resource, in GIS/LIS 1991 ACSM-ASPRS Fall Convention, Atlanta, GA, USA, 28 October 1991 through 1 November 1991.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223943,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6259e4b0c8380cd71e77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Light, Donald L.","contributorId":28011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Light","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014978,"text":"70014978 - 1991 - Spatial Data Transfer Standard and efforts to develop a federal Profile for Vector Data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:01","indexId":"70014978","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Spatial Data Transfer Standard and efforts to develop a federal Profile for Vector Data","docAbstract":"The ongoing efforts to create a more accessible and user friendly Spatial Data Transfer Standard include the development of a Profile for Vector Data and the development of a library of public domain software tools to support the encoding and decoding process. A profile is, in effect, a limited subset of the standard. The best way to use the standard is to first define a profile containing a limited number of the standard's options and then to design encoding/decoding software around those options. Limiting the standard's optionality will make it easier to develop encoding/decoding software. The success of any standard depends upon acceptance by the user community. Accordingly, the development of a library of software tools is being coordinated by the U.S. Geological Survey. When complete, the library will assist users in interfacing with the standard. The software tools will include the capability to encode and decode specific vector data formats into and out of the standard's Vector Profile. With the formal National Institute of Standards and Technology review of the standard coming to a close on July 10, 1991, the likelihood that the standard will be approved as a Federal Information Processing Standard in early 1992 is high. Having such a standard in place is a great/step forward and will allow users to transfer digital spatial data sets in a variety of formats between dissimilar computer systems. The standard's conformance requirements must be understood by all Federal agencies distributing or using spatial data.","largerWorkTitle":"GIS/LIS 1991 ACSM-ASPRS Fall Convention","conferenceTitle":"1991 ACSM-ASPRS Fall Convention","conferenceDate":"28 October 1991 through 1 November 1991","conferenceLocation":"Atlanta, GA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASPRS","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD, United States","usgsCitation":"McDermott, M.H., and DeWitt, A., 1991, Spatial Data Transfer Standard and efforts to develop a federal Profile for Vector Data, in GIS/LIS 1991 ACSM-ASPRS Fall Convention, Atlanta, GA, USA, 28 October 1991 through 1 November 1991.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223907,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9417e4b08c986b31a86b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McDermott, Matthew H.","contributorId":33854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDermott","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeWitt, Anthony","contributorId":63962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeWitt","given":"Anthony","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014964,"text":"70014964 - 1991 - Organic matter variations in transgressive and regressive shales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-14T15:51:06.411409","indexId":"70014964","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2958,"text":"Organic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Organic matter variations in transgressive and regressive shales","docAbstract":"Organic matter in the Upper Cretaceous Mancos Shale adjacent to the Tocito Sandstone in the San Juan Basin of New Mexico was characterized using organic petrology and organic geochemistry. Differences in the organic matter found in these regressive and transgressive offshore marine sediments have been documented and assessed within a sequence stratigraphic framework. The regressive Lower Mancos Shale below the Tocito Sandstone contains abundant well preserved phytoclasts and correspondingly low hydrogen indices. Total organic carbon values for the regressive shale are low. Sediments from the transgressive systems tract (Tocito Sandstone and overlying Upper Mancos Shale) contain less terrestrially derived organic matter, more amorphous non-structured protistoclasts, higher hydrogen indices and more total organic carbon. Advanced stages of degradation are characteristic of the phytoclasts found in the transgressive shale. Amorphous material in the transgressive shale fluoresces strongly while that found in the regressive shale is typically non-fluorescent. Data from pyrolysis-gas chromatography confirm these observations. These differences are apparently related to the contrasting depositional styles that were active on the shelf during regression and subsequent transgression. It is suggested that data from organic petrology and organic geochemistry provide greater resolution in sedimentologic and stratigraphic interpretations, particularly when working with basinward, fine-grained sediments. Petroleum source potential for the regressive Lower Mancos Shale below the Tocito Sandstone is poor. Based on abundant fluorescent amorphous material, high hydrogen indices, and high total organic carbon, the transgressive Upper Mancos Shale above the Tocito Sandstone possesses excellent source potential. This suggests that appreciable source potential can be found in offshore, fine-grained sediments of the transgressive systems tract below the condensed section and associated downlap surface. Organic petrology can be used to accurately predict petroleum source potential. The addition of simple fluorescence microscopy greatly enhances this predictive ability because non-generative amorphous material is generally non-fluorescent. Organic petrology must also be used to properly evaluate the utility of Tmax from programmed pyrolysis as a thermal maturity indicator. Organic matter dominated by autochthonous amorphous protistoclasts exhibits lower Tmax values than that which is composed of mostly phytoclasts.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0146-6380(91)90114-Y","usgsCitation":"Pasley, M., Gregory, W., and Hart, G., 1991, Organic matter variations in transgressive and regressive shales: Organic Geochemistry, v. 17, no. 4, p. 483-509, https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6380(91)90114-Y.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"483","endPage":"509","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223687,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"San Juan Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.0310727106471,\n 36.97155300388256\n ],\n [\n -109.0310727106471,\n 36.300066100585184\n ],\n [\n -107.2555209862353,\n 36.300066100585184\n ],\n [\n -107.2555209862353,\n 36.97155300388256\n ],\n [\n -109.0310727106471,\n 36.97155300388256\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6fcbe4b0c8380cd75c96","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pasley, M.A.","contributorId":93202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pasley","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gregory, W.A.","contributorId":6593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gregory","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hart, G.F.","contributorId":28754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"G.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70178159,"text":"70178159 - 1991 - Chemometric comparison of polychlorinated biphenyl residues and toxicologically active polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in the eggs of Forster's Terns (Sterna fosteri)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-17T15:57:24","indexId":"70178159","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemometric comparison of polychlorinated biphenyl residues and toxicologically active polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in the eggs of Forster's Terns (Sterna fosteri)","docAbstract":"The separation and characterization of complex mixtures of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is approached from the perspective of a problem in chemometrics. A technique for quantitative determination of PCB congeners is described as well as an enrichment technique designed to isolate only those congener residues which induce mixed aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase enzyme activity. A congener-specific procedure is utilized for the determination of PCBs in whichn-alkyl trichloroacetates are used as retention index marker compounds. Retention indices are reproducible in the range of ±0.05 to ±0.7 depending on the specific congener. A laboratory data base system developed to aid in the editing and quantitation of data generated from capillary gas chromatography was employed to quantitate chromatographic data. Data base management was provided by computer programs written in VAX-DSM (Digital Standard MUMPS) for the VAX-DEC (Digital Equipment Corp.) family of computers.
In the chemometric evaluation of these complex chromatographic profiles, data are viewed from a single analysis as a point in multi-dimensional space. Principal Components Analysis was used to obtain a representation of the data in a lower dimensional space. Two-and three-dimensional proections based on sample scores from the principal components models were used to visualize the behavior of Aroclor® mixtures. These models can be used to determine if new sample profiles may be represented by Aroclor profiles. Concentrations of individual congeners of a given chlorine substitution may be summed to form homologue concentration. However, the use of homologue concentrations in classification studies with environmental samples can lead to erroneous conclusions about sample similarity. Chemometric applications are discussed for evaluation of Aroclor mixture analysis and compositional description of environmental residues of PCBs in eggs of Forster's terns (Sterna fosteri) collected from colonies near Lake Poygan and Green Bay, Wisconsin. The application of chemometrics is extended to the comparison of: a) Aroclors and PCB-containing environmental samples; to b) fractions of Aroclors and of environmental samples that have been enriched in congeners which induce mixed aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase enzyme activity.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01055903","usgsCitation":"Schwartz, T.R., and Stalling, D.L., 1991, Chemometric comparison of polychlorinated biphenyl residues and toxicologically active polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in the eggs of Forster's Terns (Sterna fosteri): Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 20, no. 2, p. 183-199, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01055903.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"183","endPage":"199","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330745,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"581d9e2ee4b0dee4cc90cbfb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schwartz, Ted R.","contributorId":36510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"Ted","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stalling, David L.","contributorId":176670,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stalling","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70168822,"text":"70168822 - 1991 - Federal support for seismological research; past, present, and future.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-03T16:37:38","indexId":"70168822","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1437,"text":"Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Federal support for seismological research; past, present, and future.","docAbstract":"Data from the past 20 years indicate a strong temporal correlation between major California earthquakes and icnreased federal funding for seismology.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Sarewitz, D.R., 1991, Federal support for seismological research; past, present, and future.: Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS), v. 22, no. 3, p. 115-116.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"115","endPage":"116","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":318548,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56d96e41e4b015c306f7646b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sarewitz, D. R.","contributorId":167338,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sarewitz","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014943,"text":"70014943 - 1991 - Use of longitudinal strain in identifying driving and resisting elements of landslides","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-27T12:07:46.994618","indexId":"70014943","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of longitudinal strain in identifying driving and resisting elements of landslides","docAbstract":"Observations of deformation at the surfaces of landslides in Utah and Hawaii indicate that the upslope parts of the land-slides have stretched and the downslope parts have shortened parallel with the direction of movement. The maximum displacement of each landslide occurs in a relatively undeformed zone between the zones of shortening and stretching. The pattern of deformation at the surface of these landslides may be useful in analyzing their mechanics by helping to constrain the longitudinal forces in limit-equilibrium stability analysis. We used earth-pressure calculations to determine the range of possible longitudinal forces (per unit width) for active failure in the zone of stretching and for passive failure in the zone of shortening of one of the Hawaiian landslides. Longitudinal forces computed by stability analysis, assuming homogeneous strength, exceeded the possible forces in much of the upslope half of the landslide. Consequently, we assumed inhomogeneous strength and adjusted shear-strength parameters at each segment of the slip surface until the longitudinal forces computed by stability analysis agreed with those computed by earth-pressure theory, and the factor of safety approached unity. The distribution of longitudinal forces computed for inhomogeneous strength indicated that the boundary between driving and resisting elements of the landslide is near the thickest part of the slide, in agreement with a simple formula for the location of the boundary.
The Wasatch fault zone (WFZ) forms the eastern boundary of the Basin and Range province and is the longest continuous, active normal fault (343 km) in the United States. It underlies an urban corridor of 1.6 million people (80% of Utah's population) representing the largest earthquake risk in the interior of the western United States.
We have used paleoseismological data to identify 10 discrete segments of the WFZ. Five are active, medial segments with Holocene slip rates of 1–2 mm a−1, recurrence intervals of 2000–4000 years and average lengths of about 50 km. Five are less active, distal segments with mostly pre-Holocene surface ruptures, late Quaternary slip rates of <0.5 mm a−1 recurrence intervals of ≥10,000 years and average lengths of about 20 km. Surface-faulting events on each of the medial segments of the WFZ formed 2–4-m-high scarps repeatedly during the Holocene; latest Pleistocene (14–15 ka) deposits commonly have scarps as much as 15–20 m in height. Segments identified from paleoseismological studies of other major late Quaternary normal faults in the northern Basin and Range province are 20–25 km long, or about half of that proposed for the medial segments of the WFZ.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0191-8141(91)90062-N","issn":"01918141","usgsCitation":"Machette, M.N., Personius, S., Nelson, A., Schwartz, D.P., and Lund, W., 1991, The Wasatch fault zone, utah-segmentation and history of Holocene earthquakes: Journal of Structural Geology, v. 13, no. 2, p. 137-149, https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8141(91)90062-N.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"137","endPage":"149","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223465,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba97be4b08c986b3222c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Machette, M. N.","contributorId":19561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Machette","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Personius, S. F. 0000-0001-8347-7370","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8347-7370","contributorId":31408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Personius","given":"S. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nelson, A.R. 0000-0001-7117-7098","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7117-7098","contributorId":55078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"A.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schwartz, David P. 0000-0001-5193-9200","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5193-9200","contributorId":52968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"David","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lund, W.R.","contributorId":58781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lund","given":"W.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70197191,"text":"70197191 - 1991 - Application of the FINDER system to the search for epithermal vein gold-silver deposits : Kushikino, Japan, a case study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-21T15:43:32","indexId":"70197191","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5698,"text":"Geoinformatics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of the FINDER system to the search for epithermal vein gold-silver deposits : Kushikino, Japan, a case study","docAbstract":"The FINDER system employs geometric probability, Bayesian statistics, and the normal probability density function to integrate spatial and frequency information to produce a map of probabilities of target centers. Target centers can be mineral deposits, alteration associated with mineral deposits, or any other target that can be represented by a regular shape on a two dimensional map. The size, shape, mean, and standard deviation for each variable are characterized in a control area and the results applied by means of FINDER to the study area. The Kushikino deposit consists of groups of quartz-calcite-adularia veins that produced 55 tonnes of gold and 456 tonnes of silver since 1660. Part of a 6 by 10 km area near Kushikino served as a control area. Within the control area, data plotting, contouring, and cluster analysis were used to identify the barren and mineralized populations. Sodium was found to be depleted in an elliptically shaped area 3.1 by 1.6 km, potassium was both depleted and enriched locally in an elliptically shaped area 3.0 by 1.3 km, and sulfur was enriched in an elliptically shaped area 5.8 by 1.6 km. The potassium, sodium, and sulfur content from 233 surface rock samples were each used in FINDER to produce probability maps for the 12 by 30 km study area which includes Kushikino. High probability areas for each of the individual variables are over and offset up to 4 km eastward from the main Kushikino veins. In general, high probability areas identified by FINDER are displaced from the main veins and cover not only the host andesite and the dacite-andesite that is about the same age as the Kushikino mineralization, but also younger sedimentary rocks, andesite, and tuff units east and northeast of Kushikino. The maps also display the same patterns observed near Kushikino, but with somewhat lower probabilities, about 1.5 km east of the old gold prospect, Hajima, and in a broad zone 2.5 km east-west and 1 km north-south, centered 2 km west of the old gold prospect, Yaeyama.
","publisher":"J-STAGE","doi":"10.6010/geoinformatics1990.2.2_113","usgsCitation":"Singer, D.A., and Kouda, R., 1991, Application of the FINDER system to the search for epithermal vein gold-silver deposits : Kushikino, Japan, a case study: Geoinformatics, v. 2, no. 2, p. 113-123, https://doi.org/10.6010/geoinformatics1990.2.2_113.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"113","endPage":"123","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480416,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.6010/geoinformatics1990.2.2_113","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":354367,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b15a7efe4b092d9651e22f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Singer, Donald A. dsinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":5601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"Donald","email":"dsinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":735956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kouda, Ryoichi","contributorId":198036,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kouda","given":"Ryoichi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016599,"text":"70016599 - 1991 - Major results of gravity and magnetic studies at Yucca Mountain, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:43","indexId":"70016599","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Major results of gravity and magnetic studies at Yucca Mountain, Nevada","docAbstract":"About 4,000 gravity stations have been obtained at Yucca Mountain and vicinity since the beginning of radioactive-waste studies there in 1978. These data have been integrated with data from about 29,000 stations previously obtained in the surrounding region to produce a series of Bouguer and isostatic-residual-gravity maps of the Nevada Test Site and southeastern Nevada. Yucca Mountain is characterized by a WNW-dipping gravity gradient whereby residual values of -10 mGal along the east edge of Yucca Mountain decrease to about -38 mGal over Crater Flat. Using these gravity data, two-dimensional modeling predicted the depth to pre-Cenozoic rocks near the proposed repository to be about 1,220??150 m, an estimate that was subsequently confirmed by drilling to be 1,244 m. Three-dimensional modeling of the gravity low over Crater Flat indicates the thickness of Cenozoic volcanic rocks and alluvial cover to be about 3,000 m. Gravity interpretations also identified the Silent Canyon caldera before geologic mapping of Pahute Mesa and provided an estimate of the thickness of the volcanic section there of nearly 5 km.","largerWorkTitle":"High Level Radioactive Waste Management","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 2nd Annual International Conference on High Level Radioactive Waste Management","conferenceDate":"28 April 1991 through 3 May 1991","conferenceLocation":"Las Vegas, NV, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872628310","usgsCitation":"Oliver, H.W., Ponce, D., and Sikora, R.F., 1991, Major results of gravity and magnetic studies at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, in High Level Radioactive Waste Management, Las Vegas, NV, USA, 28 April 1991 through 3 May 1991, p. 787-794.","startPage":"787","endPage":"794","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222964,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4c1ce4b0c8380cd699f7","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Anon","contributorId":128316,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Anon","id":536334,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Oliver, H. W.","contributorId":85570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oliver","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ponce, D. A. 0000-0003-4785-7354","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4785-7354","contributorId":104019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponce","given":"D. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sikora, R. F.","contributorId":21923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sikora","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70016609,"text":"70016609 - 1991 - Use of electronic microprocessor-based instrumentation by the U.S. geological survey for hydrologic data collection","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:49","indexId":"70016609","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Use of electronic microprocessor-based instrumentation by the U.S. geological survey for hydrologic data collection","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey is acquiring a new generation of field computers and communications software to support hydrologic data-collection at field locations. The new computer hardware and software mark the beginning of the Survey's transition from the use of electromechanical devices and paper tapes to electronic microprocessor-based instrumentation. Software is being developed for these microprocessors to facilitate the collection, conversion, and entry of data into the Survey's National Water Information System. The new automated data-collection process features several microprocessor-controlled sensors connected to a serial digital multidrop line operated by an electronic data recorder. Data are acquired from the sensors in response to instructions programmed into the data recorder by the user through small portable lap-top or hand-held computers. The portable computers, called personal field computers, also are used to extract data from the electronic recorders for transport by courier to the office computers. The Survey's alternative to manual or courier retrieval is the use of microprocessor-based remote telemetry stations. Plans have been developed to enhance the Survey's use of the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite telemetry by replacing the present network of direct-readout ground stations with less expensive units. Plans also provide for computer software that will support other forms of telemetry such as telephone or land-based radio.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings - National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1991 National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceDate":"29 July 1991 through 2 August 1991","conferenceLocation":"Nashville, TN, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872628167","usgsCitation":"Shope, W.G., 1991, Use of electronic microprocessor-based instrumentation by the U.S. geological survey for hydrologic data collection, in Proceedings - National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering, Nashville, TN, USA, 29 July 1991 through 2 August 1991, p. 774-779.","startPage":"774","endPage":"779","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224838,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbef6e4b08c986b3298af","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Shane Richard M.","contributorId":128320,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Shane Richard M.","id":536335,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Shope, William G. Jr.","contributorId":106649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shope","given":"William","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70046115,"text":"70046115 - 1991 - Climate Divisions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-28T09:26:43","indexId":"70046115","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Climate Divisions","docAbstract":"This is a coverage of climate divisions from the National Climatic Data Center.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70046115","usgsCitation":"National Climatic Data Center, 1991, Climate Divisions, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.3133/70046115.","productDescription":"Dataset","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":272845,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272844,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/climate_div.xml"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -127.82331176,23.25677934 ], [ -127.82331176,48.18683511 ], [ -65.3860479,48.18683511 ], [ -65.3860479,23.25677934 ], [ -127.82331176,23.25677934 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51a5d1e5e4b0605bc571ef94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"National Climatic Data Center","contributorId":127876,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"National Climatic Data Center","id":535518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70016748,"text":"70016748 - 1991 - Lower Paleozoic host rocks in the Getchell gold belt: Several distinct allochthons or a sequence of continuous sedimentation?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-24T01:09:20.227214","indexId":"70016748","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lower Paleozoic host rocks in the Getchell gold belt: Several distinct allochthons or a sequence of continuous sedimentation?","docAbstract":"The lower Paleozoic rocks that host gold deposits along the Getchell gold belt in Humboldt County, Nevada, represent several allochthonous terranes rather than a sequence of continuous deposition. The term \"terrane\" is used only in a descriptive sense. Evidence for allochthonous terranes in this area includes fault boundaries and differences in age, lithology, and structural style among several rock sequences. The two most widespread and distinct terranes in the area are (1) the Osgood terrane, which consists of intensely deformed, regionally metamorphosed, marine rocks (Lower Cambrian Osgood Mountain Quartzite, Lower Cambrian to Lower Ordovician Preble Formation, and some rocks currently mapped as Comus Formation) and (2) the Getchell terrane, which consists of less deformed chert, clastic sedimentary rocks, and volcanic rocks (rocks mapped as Valmy and Vinini Formations, including Lower and Upper Ordovician and Lower Silurian strata in this region). Osgood-terrane bedding and foliation dip predominantly eastward, and folds verge westward. Getchell-terrane folds verge southeastward. The Comus Formation, which is Middle Ordovician at its type locality on Edna Mountain, represents a third terrane (Iron Point terrane) situated structurally between the Osgood and Getchell terranes. Use of the unit name Comus Formation outside the type locality has created confusion and needs reexamination. Some of the rocks currently mapped as Comus Formation might really be part of the other terranes.
Transient electromagnetic soundings and terrain conductivity meter measurements were used to map paleochannel geometry in the Al Jaww Plain of eastern Abu Dhabi Emirate, U.A.E. as part of an integrated hydrogeologic study of the Quaternary alluvial aquifer system. Initial interpretation of the data without benefit of well log information was able to map the depth to a conductive clay layer of Tertiary age that forms the base of the aquifer. Comparison of the results with induction logs reveals that a resistive zone exists that was incorporated into the interpretation and its lateral extent mapped with the transient electromagnetic sounding data.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7142(91)90018-8","usgsCitation":"Fitterman, D.V., Menges, C.M., Al Kamali, A.M., and Jama, F.E., 1991, Electromagnetic mapping of buried paleochannels in eastern Abu Dhabi Emirate, U.A.E.: Geoexploration, v. 27, no. 1-2, p. 111-133, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7142(91)90018-8.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"111","endPage":"133","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224700,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Emirate of Abu Dhabi","otherGeospatial":"Al Jaww plain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 55.67314168584454,\n 24.26271015890977\n ],\n [\n 55.67314168584454,\n 24.009219952922024\n ],\n [\n 56.03912790424829,\n 24.009219952922024\n ],\n [\n 56.03912790424829,\n 24.26271015890977\n ],\n [\n 55.67314168584454,\n 24.26271015890977\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"27","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a08a4e4b0c8380cd51be2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fitterman, David V. dfitterman@usgs.gov","contributorId":1106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitterman","given":"David","email":"dfitterman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":374401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Menges, Christopher M. 0000-0002-8045-2933 cmmenges@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8045-2933","contributorId":1045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Menges","given":"Christopher","email":"cmmenges@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Al Kamali, A. M.","contributorId":100126,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Al Kamali","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jama, Fuad E.","contributorId":36686,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jama","given":"Fuad","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70016708,"text":"70016708 - 1991 - Techniques and strategies for data integration in mineral resource assessment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:50","indexId":"70016708","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Techniques and strategies for data integration in mineral resource assessment","docAbstract":"The Geologic and the National Mapping divisions of the U.S. Geological Survey have been involved formally in cooperative research and development of computer-based geographic information systems (GISs) applied to mineral-resource assessment objectives since 1982. Experience in the Conterminous United States Mineral Assessment Program (CUSMAP) projects including the Rolla, Missouri; Dillon, Montana; Butte, Montana; and Tonopah, Nevada 1?? ?? 2?? quadrangles, has resulted in the definition of processing requirements for geographically and mineral-resource data that are common to these studies. The diverse formats of data sets collected and compiled for regional mineral-resource assessments necessitate capabilities for digitally encoding and entering data into appropriate tabular, vector, and raster subsystems of the GIS. Although many of the required data sets are either available or can be provided in a digital format suitable for direct entry, their utility is largely dependent on the original intent and consequent preprocessing of the data. In this respect, special care must be taken to ensure the digital data type, encoding, and format will meet assessment objectives. Data processing within the GIS is directed primarily toward the development and application of models that can be used to describe spatially geological, geophysical, and geochemical environments either known or inferred to be associated with specific types of mineral deposits. Consequently, capabilities to analyze spatially, aggregate, and display relations between data sets are principal processing requirements. To facilitate the development of these models within the GIS, interfaces must be developed among vector-, raster-, and tabular-based processing subsystems to reformat resident data sets for comparative analyses and multivariate display of relations.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering","conferenceTitle":"Earth and Atmospheric Remote Sensing","conferenceDate":"2 April 1991 through 4 April 1991","conferenceLocation":"Orlando, FL, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by Int Soc for Optical Engineering","publisherLocation":"Bellingham, WA, United States","issn":"0277786X","isbn":"0819406015","usgsCitation":"Trautwein, C.M., and Dwyer, J.L., 1991, Techniques and strategies for data integration in mineral resource assessment, in Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, v. 1492, Orlando, FL, USA, 2 April 1991 through 4 April 1991, p. 338-338.","startPage":"338","endPage":"338","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224748,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1492","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba415e4b08c986b3200c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Trautwein, Charles M. trautwein@usgs.gov","contributorId":2861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trautwein","given":"Charles","email":"trautwein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":374266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dwyer, John L. 0000-0002-8281-0896 dwyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8281-0896","contributorId":3481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dwyer","given":"John","email":"dwyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":374267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016625,"text":"70016625 - 1991 - Application of an iterative least-squares waveform inversion of strong-motion and teleseismic records to the 1978 Tabas, Iran, earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-26T00:17:18.721787","indexId":"70016625","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of an iterative least-squares waveform inversion of strong-motion and teleseismic records to the 1978 Tabas, Iran, earthquake","docAbstract":"An iterative least-squares technique is used to simultaneously invert the strong-motion records and teleseismic P waveforms for the 1978 Tabas, Iran, earthquake to deduce the rupture history. The effects of using different data sets and different parametrizations of the problem (linear versus nonlinear) are considered. A consensus of all the inversion runs indicates a complex, multiple source for the Tabas earthquake, with four main source regions over a fault length of 90 km and an average rupture velocity of 2.5 km/sec.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0810020305","usgsCitation":"Hartzell, S., and Mendoza, C., 1991, Application of an iterative least-squares waveform inversion of strong-motion and teleseismic records to the 1978 Tabas, Iran, earthquake: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 81, no. 2, p. 305-331, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0810020305.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"305","endPage":"331","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":422104,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/ssa/bssa/article/81/2/305/119398/Application-of-an-iterative-least-squares-waveform"},{"id":225068,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Iran","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 55.959619141672704,\n 35.59561293693908\n ],\n [\n 55.959619141672704,\n 32.76041757496367\n ],\n [\n 59.65102539167262,\n 32.76041757496367\n ],\n [\n 59.65102539167262,\n 35.59561293693908\n ],\n [\n 55.959619141672704,\n 35.59561293693908\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"81","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec96e4b0c8380cd49370","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hartzell, S.","contributorId":12603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartzell","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mendoza, C.","contributorId":82059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mendoza","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016755,"text":"70016755 - 1991 - Hydrologic and geochemical approaches for determining ground-water flow components","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:50","indexId":"70016755","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Hydrologic and geochemical approaches for determining ground-water flow components","docAbstract":"Lyman Lake is an irrigation-storage reservoir on the Little Colorado River near St. Johns, Arizona. The main sources of water for the lake are streamflow in the Little Colorado River and ground-water inflow from the underlying Coconino aquifer. Two approaches, a hydrologic analysis and a geochemical analysis, were used to compute the quantity of ground-water flow to and from Lyman Lake. Hydrologic data used to calculate a water budget were precipitation on the lake, evaporation from the lake, transpiration from dense vegetation, seepage through the dam, streamflow in and out of the lake, and changes in lake storage. Geochemical data used to calculate the ground-water flow components were major ions, trace elements, and the stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen. During the study, the potentiometric level of the Coconino aquifer was above the lake level at the upstream end of the lake and below the lake level at the downstream end. Hydrologic and geochemical data indicate that about 10 percent and 8 percent, respectively, of the water in the lake is ground-water inflow and that about 35 percent of the water in the Little Colorado River 6 miles downgradient from the lake near Salado Springs is ground water. These independent estimates of ground-water flow derived from each approach are in agreement and support a conceptual model of the water budget.","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1991 National Conference on Irrigation and Drainage","conferenceDate":"22 July 1991 through 26 July 1991","conferenceLocation":"Honolulu, HI, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872628116","usgsCitation":"Hjalmarson, H., and Robertson, F.N., 1991, Hydrologic and geochemical approaches for determining ground-water flow components, Proceedings of the 1991 National Conference on Irrigation and Drainage, Honolulu, HI, USA, 22 July 1991 through 26 July 1991, p. 267-274.","startPage":"267","endPage":"274","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224750,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3546e4b0c8380cd5fdc6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hjalmarson, H. W.","contributorId":95872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hjalmarson","given":"H. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robertson, F. N.","contributorId":66737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014945,"text":"70014945 - 1991 - Role of sediment-trace element chemistry in water-quality monitoring and the need for standard analytical methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:58","indexId":"70014945","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Role of sediment-trace element chemistry in water-quality monitoring and the need for standard analytical methods","docAbstract":"Multiple linear regression models calculated from readily obtainable chemical and physical parameters can explain a high percentage (70% or greater) of observed sediment trace-element variance for Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, Ni, Co, As, Sb, Se, and Hg. Almost all the factors used in the various models fall into the category of operational definitions (e.g., grain size, surface area, and geochemical substrates such as amorphous iron and manganese oxides). Thus, the concentrations and distributions used in the various models are operationally defined, and are subject to substantial change depending on the method used to determine them. Without standardized procedures, data from different sources are not comparable, and the utility and applicability of the various models would be questionable.","largerWorkTitle":"ASTM Special Technical Publication","conferenceTitle":"Monitoring Water in the 1990's: Meeting New Challenges","conferenceDate":"11 June 1990 through 14 June 1990","conferenceLocation":"Denver, CO, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASTM","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA, United States","issn":"00660558","isbn":"0803114079","usgsCitation":"Horowitz, A.J., 1991, Role of sediment-trace element chemistry in water-quality monitoring and the need for standard analytical methods, in ASTM Special Technical Publication, no. 1102, Denver, CO, USA, 11 June 1990 through 14 June 1990, p. 301-314.","startPage":"301","endPage":"314","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224339,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"1102","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aae6ae4b0c8380cd870c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horowitz, Arthur J. 0000-0002-3296-730X horowitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3296-730X","contributorId":1400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horowitz","given":"Arthur","email":"horowitz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":369674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70016637,"text":"70016637 - 1991 - The effects of noise due to random undetected tilts and paleosecular variation on regional paleomagnetic directions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-26T11:25:02.440863","indexId":"70016637","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effects of noise due to random undetected tilts and paleosecular variation on regional paleomagnetic directions","docAbstract":"Random tilting of a single paleomagnetic vector produces a distribution of vectors which is not rotationally symmetric about the original vector and therefore not Fisherian. Monte Carlo simulations were performed on two types of vector distributions: (1) distributions of vectors formed by perturbing a single original vector with a Fisher distribution of bedding poles (each defining a tilt correction) and (2) standard Fisher distributions. These simulations demonstrate that inclinations of vectors drawn from both distributions are biased toward shallow inclinations. There is a greater likelihood of statistically “drawing” a vector shallower than the true mean vector than of drawing one that is steeper. The estimated probability increases as a function of angular dispersion and inclination of the true mean vector. Consequently, the interpretation of inclination-only data from either type of distribution is not straightforward, especially when the expected paleolatitude is greater than about 50°. Because of the symmetry of the two distributions, declinations of vectors in each distribution are unbiased. The Fisher mean direction of the distribution of vectors formed by perturbing a single vector with random undetected tilts is biased toward shallow inclinations, but this bias is insignificant for angular dispersions of bedding poles less than 20°. This observation implies that the mean pole calculated from a large set of paleomagnetic directions obtained for coeval rocks over a region will be effectively unbiased by random undetected tilts of those rocks provided the angular dispersion of the undetected tilts is less than about 20°. However, the bias of the mean can be significant for large (>20°) angular dispersion of tilts. The amount of bias of the mean direction maximizes at about 10°–12° in mid-latitude regions but is usually less than 8°. Consequently, large (>12°) inclination discordances are probably not the result of random undetected tilts, even if the angular dispersion of the tilts exceeds 20°.