Active long-path differential optical absorption spectroscopy (LP-DOAS) has been an effective tool for measuring atmospheric trace gases for several decades. However, instruments were large, heavy and power-inefficient, making their application to remote environments extremely challenging. Recent developments in fibre-coupling telescope technology and the availability of ultraviolet light emitting diodes (UV-LEDS) have now allowed us to design and construct a lightweight, portable, low-power LP-DOAS instrument for use at remote locations and specifically for measuring degassing from active volcanic systems. The LP-DOAS was used to measure sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions from La Fossa crater, Vulcano, Italy, where column densities of up to 1.2 × 1018 molec cm−2 (~ 500 ppmm) were detected along open paths of up to 400 m in total length. The instrument's SO2 detection limit was determined to be 2 × 1016 molec cm−2 (~ 8 ppmm), thereby making quantitative detection of even trace amounts of SO2 possible. The instrument is capable of measuring other volcanic volatile species as well. Though the spectral evaluation of the recorded data showed that chlorine monoxide (ClO) and carbon disulfide (CS2) were both below the instrument's detection limits during the experiment, the upper limits for the X / SO2 ratio (X = ClO, CS2) could be derived, and yielded 2 × 10−3 and 0.1, respectively. The robust design and versatility of the instrument make it a promising tool for monitoring of volcanic degassing and understanding processes in a range of volcanic systems.
No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Forest conservation and management in the Anthropocene: Adaptation of science, policy, and practices","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Forest Service","usgsCitation":"Allen, C.D., 2014, Forest ecosystem re-organization underway in the southwestern US: A preview of widespread forest changes in the anthropocene?, chap. of Forest conservation and management in the Anthropocene: Adaptation of science, policy, and practices, p. 103-122.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"103","endPage":"122","ipdsId":"IP-094146","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":351544,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":351543,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.fs.fed.us/rm/pubs/rmrs_p071.pdf"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afeee10e4b0da30c1bfc74d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, Craig D. 0000-0002-8777-5989 craig_allen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8777-5989","contributorId":2597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"craig_allen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":727315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70038844,"text":"70038844 - 2014 - Invasive and introduced reptiles and amphibians","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-12T17:46:36.911944","indexId":"70038844","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"28","title":"Invasive and introduced reptiles and amphibians","docAbstract":"Why is there a section on introduced amphibians and reptiles in this volume, and why should veterinarians care about this issue? Globally, invasive species are a major threat to the stability of native ecosystems,1,2 and amphibians and reptiles are attracting increased attention as potential invaders. Some introduced amphibians and reptiles have had a major impact (e.g., Brown Tree Snakes [Boiga irregularis] wiping out the native birds of Guam3 or Cane Toads [Rhinella marina] poisoning native Australian predators).4 For the vast majority of species, however, the ecological, economic, and sociopolitical effects of introduced amphibians and reptiles are generally poorly quantified, largely because of a lack of focused research effort rather than because such effects are nonexistent. This trend is alarming given that rates of introduction have increased exponentially in recent decades.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Current therapy in reptile medicine and surgery","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/B978-1-4557-0893-2.00028-4","usgsCitation":"Reed, R., and Krysko, K.L., 2014, Invasive and introduced reptiles and amphibians, chap. 28 of Current therapy in reptile medicine and surgery, p. 304-309, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-4557-0893-2.00028-4.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"304","endPage":"309","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-038603","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325404,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"578dfdb2e4b0f1bea0e0f871","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Mader, Douglas R.","contributorId":112001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mader","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642800,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Divers, Stephen J.","contributorId":112971,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Divers","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":12697,"text":"University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642801,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Reed, Robert N. reedr@usgs.gov","contributorId":141036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Robert N.","email":"reedr@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":642798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krysko, Kenneth L.","contributorId":31656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krysko","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70187340,"text":"70187340 - 2014 - Changes in vegetation and biological soil crust communities on sand dunes stabilizing after a century of grazing on San Miguel Island, Channel Island National Park, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-17T09:22:09","indexId":"70187340","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2785,"text":"Monographs of the Western North American Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in vegetation and biological soil crust communities on sand dunes stabilizing after a century of grazing on San Miguel Island, Channel Island National Park, California","docAbstract":"San Miguel Island is the westernmost of the California Channel Islands and one of the windiest areas on the west coast of North America. The majority of the island is covered by coastal sand dunes, which were stripped of vegetation and subsequently mobilized due to droughts and sheep ranching during the late 19th century and early 20th century. Since the removal of grazing animals, vegetation and biological soil crusts have once again stabilized many of the island's dunes. In this study, historical aerial photographs and field surveys were used to develop a chronosequence of the pattern of change in vegetation communities and biological soil crust levels of development (LOD) along a gradient of dune stabilization. Historical aerial photographs from 1929, 1954, 1977, and 2009 were georeferenced and used to delineate changes in vegetation canopy cover and active (unvegetated) dune extent among 5 historical periods (pre-1929, 1929–1954, 1954–1977, 1977–2009, and 2009–2011). During fieldwork, vegetation and biological soil crust communities were mapped along transects distributed throughout San Miguel Island's central dune field on land forms that had stabilized during the 5 time periods of interest. Analyses in a geographic information system (GIS) quantified the pattern of changes that vegetation and biological soil crust communities have exhibited on the San Miguel Island dunes over the past 80 years. Results revealed that a continuing increase in total vegetation cover and a complex pattern of change in vegetation communities have taken place on the San Miguel Island dunes since the removal of grazing animals. The highly specialized native vascular vegetation (sea rocket, dunedelion, beach-bur, and locoweed) are the pioneer stabilizers of the dunes. This pioneer community is replaced in later stages by communities that are dominated by native shrubs (coastal goldenbush, silver lupine, coyote-brush, and giant coreopsis), with apparently overlapping or cyclical succession pathways. Many of the dunes that have been stabilized the longest (since before 1929) are dominated by exotic grasses. Stands of biological soil crusts (cyanobacteria) are found only on dunes where vascular vegetation is already present. Biological soil crusts are not found on dunes exhibiting a closed vascular plant canopy, which may indicate that the role of soil crusts in dune stabilization on the island is transitory. Particle-size analyses of soil samples from the study area reveal that higher biological soil crust LOD is positively correlated with increasing fine grain content. The findings indicate that changes in vegetation communities may be the most rapid at earlier and later stages of dune stabilization and that regular monitoring of dunes may help to identify the interactions between vegetation and soil crusts, as well as the potential transitions between native and exotic plant communities.
","language":"English","publisher":"Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University","doi":"10.3398/042.007.0118","usgsCitation":"Zellman, K.L., 2014, Changes in vegetation and biological soil crust communities on sand dunes stabilizing after a century of grazing on San Miguel Island, Channel Island National Park, California: Monographs of the Western North American Naturalist, v. 7, no. 1, p. 225-245, https://doi.org/10.3398/042.007.0118.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"225","endPage":"245","ipdsId":"IP-045921","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473313,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3398/042.007.0118","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":340691,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Miguel Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.46920776367188,\n 34.00599664251842\n ],\n [\n -120.28175354003906,\n 34.00599664251842\n ],\n [\n -120.28175354003906,\n 34.085080620514844\n ],\n [\n -120.46920776367188,\n 34.085080620514844\n ],\n [\n -120.46920776367188,\n 34.00599664251842\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"7","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59084934e4b0fc4e448ffd8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zellman, Kristine L. 0000-0002-7088-429X kzellman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7088-429X","contributorId":4849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zellman","given":"Kristine","email":"kzellman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":693541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70187410,"text":"70187410 - 2014 - Applying threshold concepts to conservation management of dryland ecosystems: Case studies on the Colorado Plateau","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-02T10:37:46","indexId":"70187410","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Applying threshold concepts to conservation management of dryland ecosystems: Case studies on the Colorado Plateau","docAbstract":"Ecosystems may occupy functionally distinct alternative states, some of which are more or less desirable from a management standpoint. Transitions from state to state are usually associated with a particular trigger or sequence of triggers, such as the addition or subtraction of a disturbance. Transitions are often not linear, rather it is common to see an abrupt transition come about even though the trigger increases only incrementally; these are examples of threshold behaviors. An ideal monitoring program, such as the National Park Service’s Inventory and Monitoring Program, would quantify triggers, and be able to inform managers when measurements of a trigger are approaching a threshold so that management action can avoid an unwanted state transition. Unfortunately, both triggers and the threshold points at which state transitions occur are generally only partially known. Using case studies, we advance a general procedure to help identify triggers and estimate where threshold dynamics may occur. Our procedure is as follows: (1) Operationally define the ecosystem type being considered; we suggest that the ecological site concept of the Natural Resource Conservation Service is a useful system, (2) Using all available a priori knowledge to develop a state-and-transition model (STM), which defines possible ecosystem states, plausible transitions among them and likely triggers, (3) Validate the STM by verifying the existence of its states to the greatest degree possible, (4) Use the STM model to identify transitions and triggers likely to be detectable by a monitoring program, and estimate to the greatest degree possible the value of a measurable indicator of a trigger at the point that a state transition is imminent (tipping point), and values that may indicate when management intervention should be considered (assessment points). We illustrate two different methods for attaining these goals using a data-rich case study in Canyonlands National Park, and a data-poor case study in Wupatki National Monument. In the data-rich case, STMs are validated and revised, and tipping and assessment points are estimated using statistical analysis of data. In the data-poor case, we develop an iterative expert opinion survey approach to validate the degree of confidence in an STM, revise the model, identify lack of confidence in specific model components, and create reasonable first approximations of tipping and assessment points, which can later be refined when more data are available. Our goal should be to develop the best set of models possible given the level of information available to support decisions, which is often not much. The approach presented here offers a flexible means of achieving this goal, and determining specific research areas in need of study.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Application of threshold concepts in natural resource decision making","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4899-8041-0_7","isbn":"978-1-4899-8040-3","usgsCitation":"Bowker, M.A., Miller, M.E., Garman, S.L., and Belote, T., 2014, Applying threshold concepts to conservation management of dryland ecosystems: Case studies on the Colorado Plateau, chap. of Application of threshold concepts in natural resource decision making, p. 101-130, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-8041-0_7.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"101","endPage":"130","ipdsId":"IP-022672","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340726,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-02-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59099ab1e4b0fc4e44915812","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Guntenspergen, Glenn R. 0000-0002-8593-0244 glenn_guntenspergen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8593-0244","contributorId":2885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guntenspergen","given":"Glenn","email":"glenn_guntenspergen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":693915,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Bowker, Matthew A. mbowker@usgs.gov","contributorId":2875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowker","given":"Matthew","email":"mbowker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":693911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Mark E.","contributorId":91580,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6959,"text":"National Park Service Southeast Utah Group","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":693912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garman, Steven L. 0000-0002-9032-9074 slgarman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9032-9074","contributorId":3741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garman","given":"Steven","email":"slgarman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":693913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Belote, Travis","contributorId":191702,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Belote","given":"Travis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70156247,"text":"70156247 - 2014 - Modeling structured population dynamics using data from unmarked individuals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-13T15:08:48","indexId":"70156247","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling structured population dynamics using data from unmarked individuals","docAbstract":"The study of population dynamics requires unbiased, precise estimates of abundance and vital rates that account for the demographic structure inherent in all wildlife and plant populations. Traditionally, these estimates have only been available through approaches that rely on intensive mark–recapture data. We extended recently developed N-mixture models to demonstrate how demographic parameters and abundance can be estimated for structured populations using only stage-structured count data. Our modeling framework can be used to make reliable inferences on abundance as well as recruitment, immigration, stage-specific survival, and detection rates during sampling. We present a range of simulations to illustrate the data requirements, including the number of years and locations necessary for accurate and precise parameter estimates. We apply our modeling framework to a population of northern dusky salamanders (Desmognathus fuscus) in the mid-Atlantic region (USA) and find that the population is unexpectedly declining. Our approach represents a valuable advance in the estimation of population dynamics using multistate data from unmarked individuals and should additionally be useful in the development of integrated models that combine data from intensive (e.g., mark–recapture) and extensive (e.g., counts) data sources.
The 1964 Alaska M w 9.2 earthquake triggered numerous submarine slope failures in fjords of southern Alaska. These failures generated local tsunamis, such as at Whittier, where they inundated the town within 4 min of the beginning of shaking. Run-up was up to 32 m, with 13 casualties. We collected new multibeam bathymetry and high-resolution sparker seismic data in Passage Canal, and we examined bathymetry changes before and after the earthquake. The data reveal the debris flow deposit from the 1964 landslides, which covers the western 5 km of the fjord bottom. Individual blocks in the flow are up to 145-m wide and 25-m tall. Bathymetry changes show the mass transfer deposits originated from the fjord head and Whittier Creek deltas and had a volume of about 42 million m3. The 1964 deposit has an average thickness of ∼5.4 m. Beyond the debris flow, the failures likely deposited a ∼4.6-m thick megaturbidite in a distal basin. We have studied the 1964 submarine landslides in three fjords. All involved failure of the fjord-head delta. All failures eroded basin-floor sediments and incorporated them as they travelled. All the failures deposited blocks, but their size and travel distances varied greatly. We find a correlation between maximum block size and maximum tsunami run-up regardless of the volume of the slides. Lastly, the fjord’s margins were influenced by increased supply of glacial sediments during the little ice age, which along with a long interseismic interval (∼900 years) may have caused the 1964 earthquake to produce particularly numerous and large submarine landslides.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Submarine mass movements and their consequences, Advances in Natural and Technological Hazards Research Vol. 37 ","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-00972-8_32","usgsCitation":"Haeussler, P.J., Parsons, T.E., Finlayson, D.P., Hart, P.J., Chaytor, J., Ryan, H.F., Lee, H., Labay, K., Peterson, A., and Liberty, L., 2014, New imaging of submarine landslides from the 1964 earthquake near Whittier, Alaska, and a comparison to failures in other Alaskan fjords, chap. of Submarine mass movements and their consequences, Advances in Natural and Technological Hazards Research Vol. 37 , v. 37, p. 361-370, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00972-8_32.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"361","endPage":"370","ipdsId":"IP-052752","costCenters":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438776,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9L0Q0AK","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Combined High-Resolution Topography and Bathymetry for Western Passage Canal, Near Whittier, Alaska"},{"id":438775,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9458THH","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Gridded Data from a 2011 Multibeam Bathymetric Survey of the Western Part of Passage Canal, Near Whittier, Alaska"},{"id":337535,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","city":"Whittier","volume":"37","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-08-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c90128e4b0849ce97abcf7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":683875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parsons, Thomas E. 0000-0002-0582-4338 tparsons@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0582-4338","contributorId":2314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"Thomas","email":"tparsons@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":683876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Finlayson, David P. dfinlayson@usgs.gov","contributorId":1381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finlayson","given":"David","email":"dfinlayson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":683877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hart, Patrick J.","contributorId":147728,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hart","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6977,"text":"University of Hawai`i at Hilo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":683878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chaytor, Jason D. jchaytor@usgs.gov","contributorId":4961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chaytor","given":"Jason D.","email":"jchaytor@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":6706,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":683879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ryan, Holly F. hryan@usgs.gov","contributorId":187559,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ryan","given":"Holly","email":"hryan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":683880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lee, Homa J. hjlee@usgs.gov","contributorId":1021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Homa J.","email":"hjlee@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":684304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Labay, Keith A. 0000-0002-6763-3190 klabay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6763-3190","contributorId":2097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Labay","given":"Keith A.","email":"klabay@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":683881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Peterson, Andrew","contributorId":189112,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peterson","given":"Andrew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":683882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Liberty, Lee","contributorId":189113,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liberty","given":"Lee","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":683883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70155023,"text":"70155023 - 2014 - Seismometer Self-Noise and Measuring Methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-31T12:00:57","indexId":"70155023","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Seismometer Self-Noise and Measuring Methods","docAbstract":"Seismometer self-noise is usually not considered when selecting and using seismic waveform data in scientific research as it is typically assumed that the self-noise is negligibly small compared to seismic signals. However, instrumental noise is part of the noise in any seismic record, and in particular, at frequencies below a few mHz, the instrumental noise has a frequency-dependent character and may dominate the noise. When seismic noise itself is considered as a carrier of information, as in seismic interferometry (e.g., Chaput et al. 2012), it becomes extremely important to estimate the contribution of instrumental noise to the recordings.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Encyclopedia of Earthquake Engineering","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Berlin Heidelberg","doi":"10.1007/978-3-642-36197-5_175-1","collaboration":"R. Sleeman; C. R. Hutt; L. S. Gee","usgsCitation":"Ringler, A.T., R. Sleeman, Hutt, C.R., and Gee, L.S., 2014, Seismometer Self-Noise and Measuring Methods, chap. of Encyclopedia of Earthquake Engineering, p. 1-13, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36197-5_175-1.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052770","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328127,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":305672,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-3-642-36197-5_175-1"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-09-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c7ffbee4b0f2f0cebfc334","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ringler, Adam T. 0000-0002-9839-4188 aringler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9839-4188","contributorId":145576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ringler","given":"Adam","email":"aringler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"R. Sleeman","contributorId":145584,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"R. Sleeman","affiliations":[{"id":16158,"text":"Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hutt, Charles R. 0000-0001-9033-9195 bhutt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9033-9195","contributorId":1622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutt","given":"Charles","email":"bhutt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gee, Lind S. lgee@usgs.gov","contributorId":145579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gee","given":"Lind","email":"lgee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":564698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70156245,"text":"70156245 - 2014 - Stream water temperature limits occupancy of salamanders in mid-Atlantic protected areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-10T16:55:27.401072","indexId":"70156245","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2334,"text":"Journal of Herpetology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stream water temperature limits occupancy of salamanders in mid-Atlantic protected areas","docAbstract":"Stream ecosystems are particularly sensitive to urbanization, and tolerance of water-quality parameters is likely important to population persistence of stream salamanders. Forecasted climate and landscape changes may lead to significant changes in stream flow, chemical composition, and temperatures in coming decades. Protected areas where landscape alterations are minimized will therefore become increasingly important for salamander populations. We surveyed 29 streams at three national parks in the highly urbanized greater metropolitan area of Washington, DC. We investigated relationships among water-quality variables and occupancy of three species of stream salamanders (Desmognathus fuscus, Eurycea bislineata, and Pseudotriton ruber). With the use of a set of site-occupancy models, and accounting for imperfect detection, we found that stream-water temperature limits salamander occupancy. There was substantial uncertainty about the effects of the other water-quality variables, although both specific conductance (SC) and pH were included in competitive models. Our estimates of occupancy suggest that temperature, SC, and pH have some importance in structuring stream salamander distribution.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles","doi":"10.1670/12-138","usgsCitation":"Grant, E., Wiewel, A., and Rice, K.C., 2014, Stream water temperature limits occupancy of salamanders in mid-Atlantic protected areas: Journal of Herpetology, v. 48, no. 1, p. 45-50, https://doi.org/10.1670/12-138.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"45","endPage":"50","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061664","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306822,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, Virginia, West Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park, Prince William Forest Park, Rock Creek Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": 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Campbell ehgrant@usgs.gov","contributorId":146545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grant","given":"Evan H. Campbell","email":"ehgrant@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":568208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wiewel, Amber N. M. awiewel@usgs.gov","contributorId":146573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiewel","given":"Amber N. M.","email":"awiewel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":568330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rice, Karen C. 0000-0002-9356-5443 kcrice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9356-5443","contributorId":1998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"Karen","email":"kcrice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":568331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70142505,"text":"70142505 - 2014 - Projecting future grassland productivity to assess thesustainability of potential biofuel feedstock areas in theGreater Platte River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-31T16:21:20","indexId":"70142505","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1718,"text":"GCB Bioenergy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Projecting future grassland productivity to assess thesustainability of potential biofuel feedstock areas in theGreater Platte River Basin","docAbstract":"This study projects future (e.g., 2050 and 2099) grassland productivities in the Greater Platte River Basin (GPRB) using ecosystem performance (EP, a surrogate for measuring ecosystem productivity) models and future climate projections. The EP models developed from a previous study were based on the satellite vegetation index, site geophysical and biophysical features, and weather and climate drivers. The future climate data used in this study were derived from the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate System Model 3.0 ‘SRES A1B’ (a ‘middle’ emissions path). The main objective of this study is to assess the future sustainability of the potential biofuel feedstock areas identified in a previous study. Results show that the potential biofuel feedstock areas (the more mesic eastern part of the GPRB) will remain productive (i.e., aboveground grassland biomass productivity >2750 kg ha−1 year−1) with a slight increasing trend in the future. The spatially averaged EPs for these areas are 3519, 3432, 3557, 3605, 3752, and 3583 kg ha−1 year−1 for current site potential (2000–2008 average), 2020, 2030, 2040, 2050, and 2099, respectively. Therefore, the identified potential biofuel feedstock areas will likely continue to be sustainable for future biofuel development. On the other hand, grasslands identified as having no biofuel potential in the drier western part of the GPRB would be expected to stay unproductive in the future (spatially averaged EPs are 1822, 1691, 1896, 2306, 1994, and 2169 kg ha−1 year−1 for site potential, 2020, 2030, 2040, 2050, and 2099). These areas should continue to be unsuitable for biofuel feedstock development in the future. These future grassland productivity estimation maps can help land managers to understand and adapt to the expected changes in future EP in the GPRB and to assess the future sustainability and feasibility of potential biofuel feedstock areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"WIley","doi":"10.1111/gcbb.12059","usgsCitation":"Gu, Y., Wylie, B.K., Boyte, S.P., and Phuyal, K.P., 2014, Projecting future grassland productivity to assess thesustainability of potential biofuel feedstock areas in theGreater Platte River Basin: GCB Bioenergy, v. 6, no. 1, p. 35-43, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.12059.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"35","endPage":"43","ipdsId":"IP-041312","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473288,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.12059","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":341965,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-07-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54faddbbe4b02419550db6df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gu, Yingxin 0000-0002-3544-1856 ygu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3544-1856","contributorId":139586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gu","given":"Yingxin","email":"ygu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wylie, Bruce K. 0000-0002-7374-1083 wylie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7374-1083","contributorId":750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wylie","given":"Bruce","email":"wylie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boyte, Stephen P. 0000-0002-5462-3225 sboyte@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5462-3225","contributorId":139238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyte","given":"Stephen","email":"sboyte@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Phuyal, Khem P.","contributorId":28517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phuyal","given":"Khem","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":541946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70189086,"text":"70189086 - 2014 - Science applications of a multispectral microscopic imager for the astrobiological exploration of Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-29T15:13:47","indexId":"70189086","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":912,"text":"Astrobiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Science applications of a multispectral microscopic imager for the astrobiological exploration of Mars","docAbstract":"Future astrobiological missions to Mars are likely to emphasize the use of rovers with in situ petrologic capabilities for selecting the best samples at a site for in situ analysis with onboard lab instruments or for caching for potential return to Earth. Such observations are central to an understanding of the potential for past habitable conditions at a site and for identifying samples most likely to harbor fossil biosignatures. The Multispectral Microscopic Imager (MMI) provides multispectral reflectance images of geological samples at the microscale, where each image pixel is composed of a visible/shortwave infrared spectrum ranging from 0.46 to 1.73 μm. This spectral range enables the discrimination of a wide variety of rock-forming minerals, especially Fe-bearing phases, and the detection of hydrated minerals. The MMI advances beyond the capabilities of current microimagers on Mars by extending the spectral range into the infrared and increasing the number of spectral bands. The design employs multispectral light-emitting diodes and an uncooled indium gallium arsenide focal plane array to achieve a very low mass and high reliability. To better understand and demonstrate the capabilities of the MMI for future surface missions to Mars, we analyzed samples from Mars-relevant analog environments with the MMI. Results indicate that the MMI images faithfully resolve the fine-scale microtextural features of samples and provide important information to help constrain mineral composition. The use of spectral endmember mapping reveals the distribution of Fe-bearing minerals (including silicates and oxides) with high fidelity, along with the presence of hydrated minerals. MMI-based petrogenetic interpretations compare favorably with laboratory-based analyses, revealing the value of the MMI for future in situ rover-mediated astrobiological exploration of Mars.
","language":"English","publisher":"Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.","doi":"10.1089/ast.2013.1079","usgsCitation":"Nunez, J., Farmer, J., Sellar, R.G., Swayze, G.A., and Blaney, D.L., 2014, Science applications of a multispectral microscopic imager for the astrobiological exploration of Mars: Astrobiology, v. 14, no. 2, p. 132-169, https://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2013.1079.","productDescription":"38 p.","startPage":"132","endPage":"169","ipdsId":"IP-043167","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473307,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3929460","text":"External Repository"},{"id":343169,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595611c2e4b0d1f9f05067b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nunez, Jorge","contributorId":193980,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nunez","given":"Jorge","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Farmer, Jack","contributorId":193981,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Farmer","given":"Jack","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sellar, R. Glenn","contributorId":193982,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sellar","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Glenn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Swayze, Gregg A. 0000-0002-1814-7823 gswayze@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1814-7823","contributorId":518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swayze","given":"Gregg","email":"gswayze@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":702808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Blaney, Diana L.","contributorId":170055,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blaney","given":"Diana","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":25664,"text":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":702812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70147912,"text":"70147912 - 2014 - Evidence of natural reproduction by Muskellunge in middle Tennessee rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-08T10:49:54","indexId":"70147912","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3444,"text":"Southeastern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence of natural reproduction by Muskellunge in middle Tennessee rivers","docAbstract":"Native Esox masquinongy (Muskellunge) in the Cumberland River drainage, TN, were nearly extirpated in the 1970s due to decades of over-fishing and habitat degradation from coal mining, logging, and other land-use practices. In an effort to preserve the species in that drainage, a stocking program began in 1976 in the upper Caney Fork River system in middle Tennessee where Muskellunge were not native. A trophy Muskellunge fishery eventually developed, but it was unknown whether Muskellunge were reproducing in the upper Caney Fork River system or whether the fishery was wholly dependent on the stocking program. To establish evidence of natural reproduction, we used seines, backpack electrofishing, and boat electrofishing gear in 2012 to find age-0 Muskellunge in the upper Caney Fork River system. Natural reproduction of Muskellunge was documented in the mainstem Caney Fork River above Great Falls Dam and in 3 of its 4 major tributaries. Seventeen age-0 Muskellunge were collected and one other was observed, but not handled. Age-0 Muskellunge grew rapidly (1.80–2.34 mm/day), and the largest fish collected during the study reached a total length of 399 mm by 9 October 2012. A cessation of stocking for several years coupled with routine monitoring could reveal whether natural recruitment is sufficient to sustain the fishery.
","language":"English","publisher":"Eagle Hill Institute","doi":"10.1656/058.013.0310","usgsCitation":"Warren, L.H., and Bettoli, P.W., 2014, Evidence of natural reproduction by Muskellunge in middle Tennessee rivers: Southeastern Naturalist, v. 13, no. 3, p. 506-514, https://doi.org/10.1656/058.013.0310.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"506","endPage":"514","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-049494","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300181,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee","otherGeospatial":"Caney Fork River system","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.74691772460938,\n 35.90184367860064\n ],\n [\n 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We developed a statistically and biologically defensible multimetric index of fish assemblages for the Caney Fork River below Center Hill Dam, Tennessee. Fish assemblages were sampled at five sites using boat-mounted and backpack electrofishing gear from fall 2009 through summer 2011. A multivariate statistical approach was used to select metrics that best reflected the downstream gradients in abiotic variables. Five metrics derived from boat electrofishing samples and four metrics derived from backpack electrofishing samples were selected for incorporation into the index based on their high correlation with environmental data. The nine metrics demonstrated predictable patterns of increase or decrease with increasing distance downstream of the dam. The multimetric index generally exhibited a pattern of increasing scores with increasing distance from the dam, indicating a downstream recovery gradient in fish assemblage composition. The index can be used to monitor anticipated changes in the fish communities of the Caney Fork River when repairs to Center Hill Dam are completed later this decade, resulting in altered dam operations.
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Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70146522,"text":"70146522 - 2014 - Landscapes of Santa Rosa Island, Channel Islands National Park, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-01T16:37:05","indexId":"70146522","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Landscapes of Santa Rosa Island, Channel Islands National Park, California","docAbstract":"Santa Rosa Island (SRI) is the second-largest of the California Channel Islands. It is one of 4 east–west aligned islands forming the northern Channel Islands chain, and one of the 5 islands in Channel Islands National Park. The landforms, and collections of landforms called landscapes, of Santa Rosa Island have been created by tectonic uplift and faulting, rising and falling sea level, landslides, erosion and deposition, floods, and droughts. Landscape features, and areas delineating groups of related features on Santa Rosa Island, are mapped, classified, and described in this paper. Notable landscapes on the island include beaches, coastal plains formed on marine terraces, sand dunes, and sand sheets. In this study, the inland physiography has been classified into 4 areas based on relief and degree of fluvial dissection. Most of the larger streams on the island occupy broad valleys that have been filled with alluvium and later incised to form steep- to vertical-walled arroyos, or barrancas, leaving a relict floodplain above the present channel. A better understanding of the processes and mechanisms that created these landscapes enhances visitors’ enjoyment of their surroundings and contributes to improving land and resource management strategies in order to optimize and balance the multiple goals of conservation, preservation, restoration, and visitor experience.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Monographs of the Western North American Naturalist","language":"English","publisher":"Brigham Young University Press","usgsCitation":"Schumann, R.R., Minor, S.A., Muhs, D.R., and Pigati, J., 2014, Landscapes of Santa Rosa Island, Channel Islands National Park, California, chap. of Monographs of the Western North American Naturalist, v. 7, no. 1, p. 48-67.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"48","endPage":"67","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-045455","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311774,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":299706,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ojs.lib.byu.edu/spc/index.php/wnanmonos/article/view/34557"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Santa Rosa island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.24673461914062,\n 34.004858205417264\n ],\n [\n -120.14785766601561,\n 34.03217648339047\n ],\n [\n -120.04348754882812,\n 34.04469442222683\n ],\n [\n -119.96932983398438,\n 33.98436372829188\n ],\n [\n -119.95285034179688,\n 33.94222067051576\n ],\n [\n -120.08193969726562,\n 33.89207743274474\n ],\n [\n -120.15472412109375,\n 33.889797493644444\n ],\n [\n -120.22750854492186,\n 33.944499207394635\n ],\n [\n -120.25360107421874,\n 34.00144280255186\n ],\n [\n -120.24673461914062,\n 34.004858205417264\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"7","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"565ed2b9e4b071e7ea54442d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schumann, R. Randall 0000-0001-8158-6960 rschumann@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8158-6960","contributorId":1569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schumann","given":"R.","email":"rschumann@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Randall","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Minor, Scott A. 0000-0002-6976-9235 sminor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6976-9235","contributorId":765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minor","given":"Scott","email":"sminor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Muhs, Daniel R. 0000-0001-7449-251X dmuhs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-251X","contributorId":140288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhs","given":"Daniel","email":"dmuhs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":545028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pigati, Jeffery S. jpigati@usgs.gov","contributorId":140289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pigati","given":"Jeffery S.","email":"jpigati@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":545029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70147238,"text":"70147238 - 2014 - Post-breeding migration of Dutch-breeding black-tailed godwits: timing, routes, use of stopovers, and nonbreeding destinations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-20T11:23:54","indexId":"70147238","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":900,"text":"Ardea","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Post-breeding migration of Dutch-breeding black-tailed godwits: timing, routes, use of stopovers, and nonbreeding destinations","docAbstract":"Conservation of long-distance migratory shorebirds is complex because these species use habitats spread across continents and hemispheres, making identification of critical habitats and potential bottlenecks in the annual cycle especially difficult. The population of Black-tailed Godwits that breeds in Western Europe, Limosa limosa limosa, has declined precipitously over the past few decades. Despite significant efforts to identify the root causes of this decline, much remains unclear. To better understand the migratory timing, use of stopover and nonbreeding sites, and the potential impact of breeding success on these parameters, we attached 15 Argos satellite transmitters and 10 geolocation tracking devices to adult godwits nearing completion of incubation at breeding sites in southwest Friesland, The Netherlands during the spring of 2009. We successfully tracked 16 adult godwits for their entire southward migration and two others for part of it. Three migration patterns and four regions of use were apparent. Most godwits left their breeding sites and proceeded south directly to stopover sites in the Mediterranean — e.g. Spain, Portugal, and Morocco — before flying on to non-breeding sites in West Africa. Other individuals spent the entire nonbreeding season in the Mediterranean. A third pattern included a few individuals that flew nonstop from their Dutch breeding sites to nonbreeding sites in West Africa. Tracking data from this study will be immediately useful for conservation efforts focused on preserving the dispersed network of sites used by godwits during their southward migration.
","language":"English","publisher":"Netherlands Ornithologists' Union","doi":"10.5253/078.101.0209","usgsCitation":"Hooijmeijer, J.C., Senner, N.R., Tibbitts, T.L., Gill, R., Douglas, D.C., Bruinzeel, L.W., Wymenga, E., and Piersma, T., 2014, Post-breeding migration of Dutch-breeding black-tailed godwits: timing, routes, use of stopovers, and nonbreeding destinations: Ardea, v. 101, no. 2, p. 141-152, https://doi.org/10.5253/078.101.0209.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"141","endPage":"152","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-048977","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473318,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5253/078.101.0209","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":299955,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"The Netherlands","state":"Friesland","otherGeospatial":"Mediterranean, West Africa","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 7.207031249999999,\n 53.225768435790194\n ],\n [\n 6.30615234375,\n 53.605544099238\n ],\n [\n 5.07568359375,\n 53.409531853086435\n ],\n [\n 4.581298828125,\n 53.034607110319044\n ],\n [\n 4.306640625,\n 52.18066872927715\n ],\n [\n 3.40576171875,\n 51.60437164681676\n ],\n [\n -1.494140625,\n 46.28622391806706\n ],\n [\n -9.4482421875,\n 38.85682013474361\n ],\n [\n -17.402343749999996,\n 14.774882506516272\n ],\n [\n -16.34765625,\n 11.523087506868514\n ],\n [\n -5.16357421875,\n 7.100892668623654\n ],\n [\n -3.6035156249999996,\n 13.923403897723347\n ],\n [\n 4.482421875,\n 15.792253570362446\n ],\n [\n -4.921875,\n 35.460669951495305\n ],\n [\n 5.053710937499999,\n 49.781264058178344\n ],\n [\n 7.207031249999999,\n 53.225768435790194\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"101","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5542012de4b0a658d793b44f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hooijmeijer, Jos C. E. W.","contributorId":64996,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hooijmeijer","given":"Jos","email":"","middleInitial":"C. E. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Senner, Nathan R.","contributorId":140465,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Senner","given":"Nathan","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tibbitts, T. 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Jr. 0000-0002-6385-4500 rgill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6385-4500","contributorId":171747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"Robert E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"rgill@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":2388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bruinzeel, Leo W.","contributorId":31675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bruinzeel","given":"Leo","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wymenga, Eddy","contributorId":140466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wymenga","given":"Eddy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Piersma, Theunis","contributorId":95369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piersma","given":"Theunis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70193626,"text":"70193626 - 2014 - Tsunami-generated sediment wave channels at Lake Tahoe, California-Nevada, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-02T15:00:59","indexId":"70193626","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tsunami-generated sediment wave channels at Lake Tahoe, California-Nevada, USA","docAbstract":"A gigantic ∼12 km3 landslide detached from the west wall of Lake Tahoe (California-Nevada, USA), and slid 15 km east across the lake. The splash, or tsunami, from this landslide eroded Tioga-age moraines dated as 21 ka. Lake-bottom short piston cores recovered sediment as old as 12 ka that did not reach landslide deposits, thereby constraining the landslide age as 21–12 ka.
Movement of the landslide splashed copious water onto the countryside and lowered the lake level ∼10 m. The sheets of water that washed back into the lake dumped their sediment load at the lowered shoreline, producing deltas that merged into delta terraces. During rapid growth, these unstable delta terraces collapsed, disaggregated, and fed turbidity currents that generated 15 subaqueous sediment wave channel systems that ring the lake and descend to the lake floor at 500 m depth. Sheets of water commonly more than 2 km wide at the shoreline fed these systems. Channels of the systems contain sediment waves (giant ripple marks) with maximum wavelengths of 400 m. The lower depositional aprons of the system are surfaced by sediment waves with maximum wavelengths of 300 m.
A remarkably similar, though smaller, contemporary sediment wave channel system operates at the mouth of the Squamish River in British Columbia. The system is generated by turbidity currents that are fed by repeated growth and collapse of the active river delta. The Tahoe splash-induced backwash was briefly equivalent to more than 15 Squamish Rivers in full flood and would have decimated life in low-lying areas of the Tahoe region.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GES01025.1","usgsCitation":"Moore, J.G., Schweickert, R.A., and Kitts, C.A., 2014, Tsunami-generated sediment wave channels at Lake Tahoe, California-Nevada, USA: Geosphere, v. 10, no. 4, p. 757-768, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES01025.1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"757","endPage":"768","ipdsId":"IP-053463","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473319,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges01025.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":348118,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Lake Tahoe","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.1739501953125,\n 38.92416066460569\n ],\n [\n -119.91577148437499,\n 38.92416066460569\n ],\n [\n -119.91577148437499,\n 39.25671479372372\n ],\n [\n -120.1739501953125,\n 39.25671479372372\n ],\n [\n -120.1739501953125,\n 38.92416066460569\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59fc2eace4b0531197b27fb6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, James G. 0000-0002-7543-2401 jmoore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7543-2401","contributorId":2892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"James","email":"jmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schweickert, Richard A.","contributorId":60107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schweickert","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kitts, Christopher A.","contributorId":77345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kitts","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70194461,"text":"70194461 - 2014 - Utilizing multi-sensor fire detections to map fires in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-23T09:10:31","indexId":"70194461","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Utilizing multi-sensor fire detections to map fires in the United States","docAbstract":"In 2006, the Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (MTBS) project began a cooperative effort between the US Forest Service (USFS) and the U.S.Geological Survey (USGS) to map and assess burn severity all large fires that have occurred in the United States since 1984. Using Landsat imagery, MTBS is mandated to map wildfire and prescribed fire that meet specific size criteria: greater than 1000 acres in the west and 500 acres in the east, regardless of ownership. Relying mostly on federal and state fire occurrence records, over 15,300 individual fires have been mapped. While mapping recorded fires, an additional 2,700 “unknown” or undocumented fires were discovered and assessed. It has become apparent that there are perhaps thousands of undocumented fires in the US that are yet to be mapped. Fire occurrence records alone are inadequate if MTBS is to provide a comprehensive accounting of fire across the US. Additionally, the sheer number of fires to assess has overwhelmed current manual procedures. To address these problems, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Applied Sciences Program is helping to fund the efforts of the USGS and its MTBS partners (USFS, National Park Service) to develop, and implement a system to automatically identify fires using satellite data. In near real time, USGS will combine active fire satellite detections from MODIS, AVHRR and GOES satellites with Landsat acquisitions. Newly acquired Landsat imagery will be routinely scanned to identify freshly burned area pixels, derive an initial perimeter and tag the burned area with the satellite date and time of detection. Landsat imagery from the early archive will be scanned to identify undocumented fires. Additional automated fire assessment processes will be developed. The USGS will develop these processes using open source software packages in order to provide freely available tools to local land managers providing them with the capability to assess fires at the local level.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XL-1,","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"ISPRS Technical Commission I Symposium","conferenceDate":"November 17-20, 2014","conferenceLocation":"Denver, CO","language":"English","publisher":"ISPRS","doi":"10.5194/isprsarchives-XL-1-161-2014","usgsCitation":"Howard, S.M., Picotte, J.J., and Coan, M., 2014, Utilizing multi-sensor fire detections to map fires in the United States, in The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XL-1,, v. XL-1, Denver, CO, November 17-20, 2014, p. 161-166, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-XL-1-161-2014.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"161","endPage":"166","ipdsId":"IP-060379","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473416,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-1-161-2014","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":350086,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"XL-1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-11-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a6100c8e4b06e28e9c2540f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howard, Stephen M. 0000-0001-5255-5882 smhoward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5255-5882","contributorId":3483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"Stephen","email":"smhoward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":723939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Picotte, Joshua J. 0000-0002-4021-4623 jpicotte@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4021-4623","contributorId":4626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Picotte","given":"Joshua","email":"jpicotte@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":725216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coan, Michael mcoan@usgs.gov","contributorId":5398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coan","given":"Michael","email":"mcoan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":725217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70059783,"text":"70059783 - 2014 - Triggered aseismic slip adjacent to the 6 February 2013 Mw 8.0 Santa Cruz Islands megathrust earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-14T15:07:36","indexId":"70059783","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-31T14:57:45","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Triggered aseismic slip adjacent to the 6 February 2013 Mw 8.0 Santa Cruz Islands megathrust earthquake","docAbstract":"Aseismic or slow slip events have been observed in many subduction zones, but whether they affect the occurrence of earthquakes or result from stress changes caused by nearby events is unclear. In an area lacking direct geodetic observations, inferences can be made from seismological studies of co-seismic slip, associated stress changes and the spatiotemporal nature of aftershocks. These observations indicate that the February 2013 Mw 8.0 Santa Cruz Islands earthquake may have triggered slow or aseismic slip on an adjacent section of the subduction thrust over the following hours to days. This aseismic event was equivalent to Mw 7.6, significantly larger than any earthquakes in the aftershock sequence. The aseismic slip was situated within the seismogenic portion of the subduction interface, and must have occurred to the south of the main seismic slip and most aftershocks in order to promote right-lateral faulting in the upper plate, the dominant deformation style of the aftershock sequence. This plate boundary segment can support either stable sliding (aseismic) or stick-slip (seismic) deformation in response to different driving conditions. The complete lack of aftershocks on the thrust interface implies this pair of megathrust slip episodes (seismic and aseismic) released a substantial portion of the stored strain on the northernmost section of the Vanuatu subduction zone.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam; New York","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2013.11.010","usgsCitation":"Hayes, G., Furlong, K.P., Benz, H.M., and Herman, M.W., 2014, Triggered aseismic slip adjacent to the 6 February 2013 Mw 8.0 Santa Cruz Islands megathrust earthquake: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 388, p. 265-272, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2013.11.010.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"265","endPage":"272","numberOfPages":"8","ipdsId":"IP-052745","costCenters":[{"id":415,"text":"National Earthquake Information Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281050,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281045,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2013.11.010"}],"country":"Solomon Islands","otherGeospatial":"Santa Cruz Islands","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 159.0,-18.0 ], [ 159.0,-8.0 ], [ 169.0,-8.0 ], [ 169.0,-18.0 ], [ 159.0,-18.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"388","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd79ade4b0b2908510cfd3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hayes, Gavin P. 0000-0003-3323-0112","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3323-0112","contributorId":6157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Gavin P.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Furlong, Kevin P. 0000-0002-2674-5110","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2674-5110","contributorId":19576,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Furlong","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Benz, Harley M. 0000-0002-6860-2134 benz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6860-2134","contributorId":794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benz","given":"Harley","email":"benz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Herman, Matthew W. mherman@usgs.gov","contributorId":5337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herman","given":"Matthew","email":"mherman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70136249,"text":"70136249 - 2014 - Change-in-ratio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-13T15:52:47","indexId":"70136249","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Change-in-ratio","docAbstract":"Change-in-ratio (CIR) methods are used to estimate parameters for ecological populations subject to differential removals from population subclasses. Subclasses can be defined according to criteria such as sex, age, or size of individuals. Removals are generally in the form of closely monitored sport or commercial harvests. Estimation is based on observed changes in subclass proportions caused by the removals.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Encyclopedia of Environmetrics","language":"English","publisher":"Encyclopedia of Environmetrics","doi":"10.1002/9780470057339.vac015m.pub2","usgsCitation":"Udevitz, M.S., 2014, Change-in-ratio, chap. of Encyclopedia of Environmetrics, v. 2, p. 372-374, https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470057339.vac015m.pub2.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"372","endPage":"374","ipdsId":"IP-030888","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342442,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-01-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5940f9b5e4b0764e6c63eadc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Udevitz, Mark S. 0000-0003-4659-138X mudevitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4659-138X","contributorId":3189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Udevitz","given":"Mark","email":"mudevitz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70059774,"text":"70059774 - 2014 - Toxicokinetics and coagulopathy threshold of the rodenticide diphacinone in eastern screech-owls (Megascops asio)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-04T16:39:08","indexId":"70059774","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-30T10:50:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Toxicokinetics and coagulopathy threshold of the rodenticide diphacinone in eastern screech-owls (Megascops asio)","docAbstract":"In the United States, new regulations on second-generation anticoagulant rodenticides will likely be offset by expanded use of first-generation anticoagulant rodenticides. In the present study, eastern screech-owls (Megascops asio) were fed 10 µg diphacinone/g wet weight food for 7 d, and recovery was monitored over a 21-d postexposure period. By day 3 of exposure, diphacinone (DPN) was detected in liver (1.63 µg/g wet wt) and kidney (5.83 µg/g) and coagulopathy was apparent. By day 7, prothrombin time (PT) and Russell's viper venom time (RVVT) were prolonged, and some individuals were anemic. Upon termination of exposure, coagulopathy and anemia were resolved within 4 d, and residues decreased to <0.3 µg/g by day 7. Liver and kidney DPN elimination occurred in 2 phases (initial rapid loss, followed by slower loss rate), with overall half-lives of 11.7 d and 2.1 d, respectively. Prolonged PT and RVVT occurred in 10% of the exposed owls with liver DPN concentrations of 0.122 µg/g and 0.282 µg/g and in 90% of the owls with liver concentrations of 0.638 µg/g and 0.361 µg/g. These liver residue levels associated with coagulopathy fall in the range of values reported in raptor mortality incidents involving DPN. These tissue-based toxicity reference values for coagulopathy in adult screech-owls have application for interpreting nontarget mortality and assessing the hazard of DPN in rodent-control operations. Diphacinone exposure evokes toxicity in raptors within a matter of days; but once exposure is terminated, recovery of hemostasis occurs rapidly","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1002/etc.2390","usgsCitation":"Rattner, B.A., Horak, K., Lazarus, R.S., Goldade, D., and Johnston, J.J., 2014, Toxicokinetics and coagulopathy threshold of the rodenticide diphacinone in eastern screech-owls (Megascops asio): Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 33, no. 1, p. 74-81, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.2390.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"74","endPage":"81","numberOfPages":"8","ipdsId":"IP-052516","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280552,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280533,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.2390"}],"volume":"33","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-09-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52c2960be4b040b25da9040f","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/etc.2390","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.2390","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Rattner Barnett A., Horak Katherine E., Lazarus Rebecca S., Goldade David A., Johnston John J.","journalName":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","publicationDate":"12/3/2013","auditedOn":"3/24/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rattner, Barnett A. 0000-0003-3676-2843 brattner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3676-2843","contributorId":4142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rattner","given":"Barnett","email":"brattner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Horak, K.E.","contributorId":63713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horak","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lazarus, Rebecca S. 0000-0003-1731-6469 rlazarus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1731-6469","contributorId":5594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lazarus","given":"Rebecca","email":"rlazarus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":487786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Goldade, D.A.","contributorId":94206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldade","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnston, J. J.","contributorId":17339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70059772,"text":"70059772 - 2014 - Hydrologic connectivity of floodplains, northern Missouri: implications for management and restoration of floodplain forest communities in disturbed landscapes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-24T14:35:52","indexId":"70059772","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-30T10:21:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrologic connectivity of floodplains, northern Missouri: implications for management and restoration of floodplain forest communities in disturbed landscapes","docAbstract":"Hydrologic connectivity between the channel and floodplain is thought to be a dominant factor determining floodplain processes and characteristics of floodplain forests. We explored the role of hydrologic connectivity in explaining floodplain forest community composition along streams in northern Missouri, USA. Hydrologic analyses at 20 streamgages (207–5827 km2 area) document that magnitudes of 2-year return floods increase systematically with increasing drainage area whereas the average annual number and durations of floodplain-connecting events decrease. Flow durations above the active-channel shelf vary little with increasing drainage area, indicating that the active-channel shelf is in quasi-equilibrium with prevailing conditions. The downstream decrease in connectivity is associated with downstream increase in channel incision. These relations at streamflow gaging stations are consistent with regional channel disturbance patterns: channel incision increases downstream, whereas upstream reaches have either not incised or adjusted to incision by forming new equilibrium floodplains. These results provide a framework to explain landscape-scale variations in composition of floodplain forest communities in northern Missouri. Faust (2006) had tentatively explained increases of flood-dependent tree species, and decreases of species diversity, with a downstream increase in flood magnitude and duration. Because frequency and duration of floodplain-connecting events do not increase downstream, we hypothesize instead that increases in relative abundance of flood-dependent trees at larger drainage area result from increasing size of disturbance patches. Bank-overtopping floods at larger drainage area create large, open, depositional landforms that promoted the regeneration of shade-intolerant species. Higher tree species diversity in floodplains with small drainage areas is associated with non-incised floodplains that are frequently connected to their channels and therefore subject to greater effective hydrologic variability compared with downstream floodplains. Understanding the landscape-scale geomorphic and hydrologic controls on floodplain connectivity provides a basis for more effective management and restoration of floodplain forest communities.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rra.2636","usgsCitation":"Jacobson, R., and Faust, T., 2014, Hydrologic connectivity of floodplains, northern Missouri: implications for management and restoration of floodplain forest communities in disturbed landscapes: River Research and Applications, v. 30, no. 3, p. 269-286, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.2636.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"269","endPage":"286","numberOfPages":"18","ipdsId":"IP-021848","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280549,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280532,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.2636"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94.7131,38.968 ], [ -94.7131,40.5806 ], [ -91.2415,40.5806 ], [ -91.2415,38.968 ], [ -94.7131,38.968 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"30","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-01-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52c2960ae4b040b25da903f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jacobson, R.","contributorId":55373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobson","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Faust, T.","contributorId":54690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faust","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70059572,"text":"70059572 - 2014 - Spatially explicit modeling of 1992-2100 land cover and forest stand age for the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-31T19:37:52.175526","indexId":"70059572","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-23T09:21:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatially explicit modeling of 1992-2100 land cover and forest stand age for the conterminous United States","docAbstract":"Information on future land-use and land-cover (LULC) change is needed to analyze the impact of LULC change on ecological processes. The U.S. Geological Survey has produced spatially explicit, thematically detailed LULC projections for the conterminous United States. Four qualitative and quantitative scenarios of LULC change were developed, with characteristics consistent with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Report on 5 Emission Scenarios (SRES). The four quantified scenarios (A1B, A2, B1, and B2) served as input to the Forecasting Scenarios of Land-use Change (FORE-SCE) model. Four spatially explicit datasets consistent with scenario storylines were produced for the conterminous United States, with annual LULC maps from 1992 through 2100. The future projections are characterized by a loss of natural land covers in most scenarios, with corresponding expansion of 10 anthropogenic land uses. Along with the loss of natural land covers, remaining natural land covers experience increased fragmentation under most scenarios, with only the B2 scenario remaining relatively stable in both proportion of remaining natural land covers and basic fragmentation measures. Forest stand age was also modeled. By 2100, scenarios and ecoregions with heavy forest cutting have relatively lower mean stand ages compared to those with less 15 forest cutting. Stand ages differ substantially between unprotected and protected forest lands, as well as between different forest classes. The modeled data were compared to the National Land Cover Database (NLCD) and other data sources to assess model characteristics. The consistent, spatially explicit, and thematically detailed LULC projections and the associated forest stand age data layers have been used to analyze LULC impacts on carbon and greenhouse gas fluxes, 20 biodiversity, climate and weather variability, hydrologic change, and other ecological processes.","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/13-1245.1","usgsCitation":"Sohl, T.L., Sayler, K., Bouchard, M., Reker, R.R., Friesz, A.M., Bennett, S.L., Sleeter, B.M., Sleeter, R., Wilson, T., Soulard, C.E., Knuppe, M., and Van Hofwegen, T., 2014, Spatially explicit modeling of 1992-2100 land cover and forest stand age for the conterminous United States: Ecological Applications, v. 24, no. 5, p. 1015-1036, https://doi.org/10.1890/13-1245.1.","productDescription":"22 p. ; Data release","startPage":"1015","endPage":"1036","numberOfPages":"22","ipdsId":"IP-042928","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) 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\"}}]}","volume":"24","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52b95be3e4b0a747b3e7e7b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sohl, Terry L. 0000-0002-9771-4231 sohl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9771-4231","contributorId":648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sohl","given":"Terry","email":"sohl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sayler, Kristi L. 0000-0003-2514-242X sayler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2514-242X","contributorId":2988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sayler","given":"Kristi","email":"sayler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bouchard, Michelle 0000-0002-6353-3491 mbouchard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6353-3491","contributorId":3765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bouchard","given":"Michelle","email":"mbouchard@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reker, Ryan R. 0000-0001-7524-0082 rreker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7524-0082","contributorId":174136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reker","given":"Ryan","email":"rreker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center 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bsleeter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2371-9571","contributorId":3479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sleeter","given":"Benjamin","email":"bsleeter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Sleeter, Rachel R.","contributorId":7946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sleeter","given":"Rachel R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wilson, Tamara 0000-0001-7399-7532 tswilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7399-7532","contributorId":2975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Tamara","email":"tswilson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Soulard, Christopher E. 0000-0002-5777-9516 csoulard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5777-9516","contributorId":2642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soulard","given":"Christopher","email":"csoulard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":725409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Knuppe, Michelle 0000-0002-0374-9477","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0374-9477","contributorId":42125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knuppe","given":"Michelle","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Van Hofwegen, Travis tvanhofwegen@usgs.gov","contributorId":5529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Hofwegen","given":"Travis","email":"tvanhofwegen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":487690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70073924,"text":"70073924 - 2014 - Contaminants from Cretaceous black shale: II. Effect of geology, weathering, climate, and land use on salinity and selenium cycling, Mancos Shale landscapes, southwestern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-30T16:47:04.54835","indexId":"70073924","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-20T11:31:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Contaminants from Cretaceous black shale: II. Effect of geology, weathering, climate, and land use on salinity and selenium cycling, Mancos Shale landscapes, southwestern United States","docAbstract":"The Cretaceous Mancos Shale (MS) is a known nonpoint source for a significant portion of the salinity and selenium (Se) loads in the Colorado River in the southwestern United States and northwestern corner of Mexico. These two contaminants pose a serious threat to rivers in these arid regions where water supplies are especially critical. Tuttle et al. (companion paper) investigates the cycling of contaminants in a Colorado River tributary watershed (Uncompahgre River, southwestern Colorado) where the MS weathers under natural conditions. This paper builds on those results and uses regional soil data in the same watershed to investigate the impact of MS geology, weathering intensity, land use, and climate on salt and Se storage in and flux from soils on the natural landscape, irrigated agriculture fields, areas undergoing urban development, and wetlands. The size of salinity and Se reservoirs in the MS soils is quantified. Flux calculations show that during modern weathering, natural landscapes cycle salt and Se; however, little of it is released for transport to the Uncompahgre River (10% of the annual salinity and 6% of the annual Se river loads). When irrigated, salinity and Se loads from the MS soil increase (26% and 57% of the river load, respectively), causing the river to be out of compliance with Federal and State Se standards. During 100 years of irrigation, seven times more Se has been removed from agricultural soil than what was lost from natural landscapes during the entire period of pedogenesis. Under more arid conditions, even less salt and Se are expected to be transported from the natural landscape. However, if wetter climates prevail, transport could increase dramatically due to storage of soluble phases in the non-irrigated soil. These results are critical input for water-resource and land-use managers who must decide whether or not the salinity and Se in a watershed can be managed, what sustainable mitigation strategies are possible, and what landscapes should be targeted. The broader implications include providing a reliable approach for quantifying nonpoint-source contamination from MS and other rock units elsewhere that weather under similar conditions and, together with results from our companion paper, address the complex interplay of geology, weathering, climate, and land use on contaminant cycling in the arid Southwest.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2013.12.011","usgsCitation":"Tuttle, M., Fahy, J.W., Elliott, J.G., Grauch, R.I., and Stillings, L., 2014, Contaminants from Cretaceous black shale: II. Effect of geology, weathering, climate, and land use on salinity and selenium cycling, Mancos Shale landscapes, southwestern United States: Applied Geochemistry, v. 46, p. 72-84, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2013.12.011.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"72","endPage":"84","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281483,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River Basin, Mancos Shale","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.993508,38.537542 ], [ -107.993508,38.818839 ], [ -107.749497,38.818839 ], [ -107.749497,38.537542 ], [ -107.993508,38.537542 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"46","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd52abe4b0b290850f4aa1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tuttle, Michele L. mtuttle@usgs.gov","contributorId":1028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tuttle","given":"Michele L.","email":"mtuttle@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":489231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fahy, Juli W. jfahy@usgs.gov","contributorId":57362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fahy","given":"Juli","email":"jfahy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Elliott, John G. jelliott@usgs.gov","contributorId":832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"John","email":"jelliott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":489230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grauch, Richard I. 0000-0002-1763-0813 rgrauch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1763-0813","contributorId":1193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grauch","given":"Richard","email":"rgrauch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":489232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stillings, Lisa L. 0000-0002-9011-8891 stilling@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9011-8891","contributorId":3143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stillings","given":"Lisa L.","email":"stilling@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":489233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70056935,"text":"70056935 - 2014 - Contaminants from Cretaceous black shale: I. Natural weathering processes controlling contaminant cycling in Mancos Shale, southwestern United States, with emphasis on salinity and selenium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-30T16:46:56.894132","indexId":"70056935","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-20T11:21:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Contaminants from Cretaceous black shale: I. Natural weathering processes controlling contaminant cycling in Mancos Shale, southwestern United States, with emphasis on salinity and selenium","docAbstract":"Soils derived from black shale can accumulate high concentrations of elements of environmental concern, especially in regions with semiarid to arid climates. One such region is the Colorado River basin in the southwestern United States where contaminants pose a threat to agriculture, municipal water supplies, endangered aquatic species, and water-quality commitments to Mexico. Exposures of Cretaceous Mancos Shale (MS) in the upper basin are a major contributor of salinity and selenium in the Colorado River. Here, we examine the roles of geology, climate, and alluviation on contaminant cycling (emphasis on salinity and Se) during weathering of MS in a Colorado River tributary watershed. Stage I (incipient weathering) began perhaps as long ago as 20 ka when lowering of groundwater resulted in oxidation of pyrite and organic matter. This process formed gypsum and soluble organic matter that persist in the unsaturated, weathered shale today. Enrichment of Se observed in laterally persistent ferric oxide layers likely is due to selenite adsorption onto the oxides that formed during fluctuating redox conditions at the water table. Stage II weathering (pedogenesis) is marked by a significant decrease in bulk density and increase in porosity as shale disaggregates to soil. Rainfall dissolves calcite and thenardite (Na2SO4) at the surface, infiltrates to about 1 m, and precipitates gypsum during evaporation. Gypsum formation (estimated 390 kg m−2) enriches soil moisture in Na and residual SO4. Transpiration of this moisture to the surface or exposure of subsurface soil (slumping) produces more thenardite. Most Se remains in the soil as selenite adsorbed to ferric oxides, however, some oxidizes to selenate and, during wetter conditions is transported with soil moisture to depths below 3 m. Coupled with little rainfall, relatively insoluble gypsum, and the translocation of soluble Se downward, MS landscapes will be a significant nonpoint source of salinity and Se to the Colorado River well into the future. Other trace elements weathering from MS that are often of environmental concern include U and Mo, which mimic Se in their behavior; As, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Pb, which show little redistribution; and Cd, Sb, V, and Zn, which accumulate in Stage I shale, but are lost to varying degrees from upper soil intervals. None of these trace elements have been reported previously as contaminants in the study area.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2013.12.010","usgsCitation":"Tuttle, M., Fahy, J.W., Elliott, J.G., Grauch, R.I., and Stillings, L., 2014, Contaminants from Cretaceous black shale: I. Natural weathering processes controlling contaminant cycling in Mancos Shale, southwestern United States, with emphasis on salinity and selenium: Applied Geochemistry, v. 46, p. 57-71, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2013.12.010.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"71","ipdsId":"IP-038076","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281481,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River Basin, Mancos Shale","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.993508,38.537542 ], [ -107.993508,38.818839 ], [ -107.749497,38.818839 ], [ -107.749497,38.537542 ], [ -107.993508,38.537542 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"46","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd52aae4b0b290850f4a9f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tuttle, Michele L. mtuttle@usgs.gov","contributorId":1028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tuttle","given":"Michele L.","email":"mtuttle@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":486613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fahy, Juli W. jfahy@usgs.gov","contributorId":57362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fahy","given":"Juli","email":"jfahy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Elliott, John G. jelliott@usgs.gov","contributorId":832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"John","email":"jelliott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":486612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grauch, Richard I. 0000-0002-1763-0813 rgrauch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1763-0813","contributorId":1193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grauch","given":"Richard","email":"rgrauch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":486614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stillings, Lisa L. 0000-0002-9011-8891 stilling@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9011-8891","contributorId":3143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stillings","given":"Lisa L.","email":"stilling@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":486615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}