The Global Land Survey (GLS) datasets are a collection of orthorectified, cloud-minimized Landsat-type satellite images, providing near complete coverage of the global land area decadally since the early 1970s. The global mosaics are centered on 1975, 1990, 2000, 2005, and 2010, and consist of data acquired from four sensors: Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus, Thematic Mapper, Multispectral Scanner, and Advanced Land Imager. The GLS datasets have been widely used in land-cover and land-use change studies at local, regional, and global scales. This study evaluates the GLS datasets with respect to their spatial coverage, temporal consistency, geodetic accuracy, radiometric calibration consistency, image completeness, extent of cloud contamination, and residual gaps. In general, the three latest GLS datasets are of a better quality than the GLS-1990 and GLS-1975 datasets, with most of the imagery (85%) having cloud cover of less than 10%, the acquisition years clustered much more tightly around their target years, better co-registration relative to GLS-2000, and better radiometric absolute calibration. Probably, the most significant impediment to scientific use of the datasets is the variability of image phenology (i.e., acquisition day of year). This paper provides end-users with an assessment of the quality of the GLS datasets for specific applications, and where possible, suggestions for mitigating their deficiencies.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2013.02.026","usgsCitation":"Gutman, G., Huang, C., Chander, G., Noojipady, P., and Masek, J.G., 2013, Assessment of the NASA-USGS Global Land Survey (GLS) Datasets: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 134, p. 249-265, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2013.02.026.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"249","endPage":"265","ipdsId":"IP-037259","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339371,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"UNITED STATES","volume":"134","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e753eee4b09da6799c0c53","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gutman, Garik","contributorId":190654,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gutman","given":"Garik","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huang, Chengquan","contributorId":25378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huang","given":"Chengquan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chander, Gyanesh gchander@usgs.gov","contributorId":3013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chander","given":"Gyanesh","email":"gchander@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":690212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Noojipady, Praveen","contributorId":24260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noojipady","given":"Praveen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Masek, Jeffery G.","contributorId":87438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masek","given":"Jeffery","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70193590,"text":"70193590 - 2013 - Merapi 2010 eruption—Chronology and extrusion rates monitored with satellite radar and used in eruption forecasting","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-02T12:05:26","indexId":"70193590","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Merapi 2010 eruption—Chronology and extrusion rates monitored with satellite radar and used in eruption forecasting","docAbstract":"Despite dense cloud cover, satellite-borne commercial Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) enabled frequent monitoring of Merapi volcano's 2010 eruption. Near-real-time interpretation of images derived from the amplitude of the SAR signals and timely delivery of these interpretations to those responsible for warnings, allowed satellite remote sensing for the first time to play an equal role with in situ seismic, geodetic and gas monitoring in guiding life-saving decisions during a major volcanic crisis. Our remotely sensed data provide an observational chronology for the main phase of the 2010 eruption, which lasted 12 days (26 October–7 November, 2010). Unlike the prolonged low-rate and relatively low explosivity dome-forming and collapse eruptions of recent decades at Merapi, the eruption began with an explosive eruption that produced a new summit crater on 26 October and was accompanied by an ash column and pyroclastic flows that extended 8 km down the flanks. This initial explosive event was followed by smaller explosive eruptions on 29 October–1 November, then by a period of rapid dome growth on 1–4 November, which produced a summit lava dome with a volume of ~ 5 × 106 m3. A paroxysmal VEI 4 magmatic eruption (with ash column to 17 km altitude) destroyed this dome, greatly enlarged the new summit crater and produced extensive pyroclastic flows (to ~ 16 km radial distance in the Gendol drainage) and surges during the night of 4–5 November. The paroxysmal eruption was followed by a period of jetting of gas and tephra and by a second short period (12 h) of rapid dome growth on 6 November. The eruption ended with low-level ash and steam emissions that buried the 6 November dome with tephra and continued at low levels until seismicity decreased to background levels by about 23 November. Our near-real-time commercial SAR documented the explosive events on 26 October and 4–5 November and high rates of dome growth (> 25 m3 s− 1). An event tree analysis for the previous 2006 Merapi eruption indicated that for lava dome extrusion rates > 1.2 m3 s− 1, the probability of a large (1872-scale) eruption was ~ 10%. Consequently, the order-of-magnitude greater rates in 2010, along with the explosive start of the eruption on 26 October, the large volume of lava accumulating at the summit by 4 November, and the rapid and large increases in seismic energy release, deformation and gas emissions were the basis for warnings of an unusually large eruption by the Indonesian Geological Agency's Center for Volcanology and Geologic Hazard Mitigation (CVGHM) and their Volcano Research and Technology Development Center (BPPTK) in Yogyakarta — warnings that saved thousands of lives.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.07.012","usgsCitation":"Pallister, J.S., Schneider, D.J., Griswold, J.P., Keeler, R.H., Burton, W.C., Noyles, C., Newhall, C.G., and Ratdomopurbo, A., 2013, Merapi 2010 eruption—Chronology and extrusion rates monitored with satellite radar and used in eruption forecasting: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 261, p. 144-152, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.07.012.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"144","endPage":"152","ipdsId":"IP-039184","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348081,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Indonesia","otherGeospatial":"Merapi Volcano","volume":"261","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59fc2eade4b0531197b27fc5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pallister, John S. 0000-0002-2041-2147 jpallist@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2041-2147","contributorId":2024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pallister","given":"John","email":"jpallist@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schneider, David J. 0000-0001-9092-1054 djschneider@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9092-1054","contributorId":198601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"David","email":"djschneider@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":719510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Griswold, Julia P. griswold@usgs.gov","contributorId":4148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griswold","given":"Julia","email":"griswold@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":719511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Keeler, Ronald H.","contributorId":199596,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Keeler","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Burton, William C. 0000-0001-7519-5787 bburton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7519-5787","contributorId":1293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"William","email":"bburton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Noyles, Christopher","contributorId":199597,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Noyles","given":"Christopher","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Newhall, Christopher G.","contributorId":25557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newhall","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ratdomopurbo, Antonius","contributorId":22523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ratdomopurbo","given":"Antonius","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70189091,"text":"70189091 - 2013 - Protocol for analysis of volcanic ash samples for assessment of hazards from leachable elements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-02T19:45:58.912531","indexId":"70189091","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-30T16:09:55","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Protocol for analysis of volcanic ash samples for assessment of hazards from leachable elements","docAbstract":"Volcanic eruptions can produce a wide range of hazards. Although phenomena such as pyroclastic density currents and surges, sector collapses, lahars and ballistic blocks are the most destructive and dangerous, volcanic ash is by far the most widely distributed eruption product1 and the most likely to be encountered by the public. Following an eruption, the public, civil authorities and agricultural producers will often have major concerns about the effects of volcanic ash on human and animal health, drinking water supplies, crops, soils and surface runoff. Freshly‐erupted ash contains a range of potentially toxic soluble elements, which may be released either rapidly or more slowly upon contact with water or body fluids.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Volcanic Health Hazard Network","usgsCitation":"Stewart, C., Horwell, C., Plumlee, G.S., Cronin, S., Delmelle, P., Baxter, P., Calkins, J., Damby, D., Morman, S.A., and Oppenheimer, C., 2013, Protocol for analysis of volcanic ash samples for assessment of hazards from leachable elements, 21 p.","productDescription":"21 p.","ipdsId":"IP-045786","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":379938,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":343192,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.ivhhn.org/images/pdf/volcanic_ash_leachate_protocols.pdf"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stewart, C.","contributorId":149568,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stewart","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Horwell, C.","contributorId":149587,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Horwell","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Plumlee, Geoffrey S. 0000-0002-9607-5626 gplumlee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9607-5626","contributorId":960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plumlee","given":"Geoffrey","email":"gplumlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":702824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cronin, Shane","contributorId":236965,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cronin","given":"Shane","affiliations":[{"id":26898,"text":"University of Auckland, New Zealand","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":803475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Delmelle, P.","contributorId":193988,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Delmelle","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Baxter, P.","contributorId":149588,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baxter","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Calkins, J.","contributorId":193987,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Calkins","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Damby, David 0000-0002-3238-3961 ddamby@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3238-3961","contributorId":205740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Damby","given":"David","email":"ddamby@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":803476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Morman, Suzette A. 0000-0002-2532-1033 smorman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2532-1033","contributorId":996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morman","given":"Suzette","email":"smorman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":702825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Oppenheimer, Clive","contributorId":174445,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oppenheimer","given":"Clive","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27136,"text":"University of Cambridge","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":803477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70094393,"text":"70094393 - 2013 - Framing scenarios of binational water policy with a tool to visualize, quantify and valuate changes in ecosystem services","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-20T09:09:04","indexId":"70094393","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-28T08:39:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3709,"text":"Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Framing scenarios of binational water policy with a tool to visualize, quantify and valuate changes in ecosystem services","docAbstract":"In the Santa Cruz Watershed, located on the Arizona-Sonora portion of the U.S.-Mexico border, an international wastewater treatment plant treats wastewater from cities on both sides of the border, before discharging it into the river in Arizona. These artificial flows often subsidize important perennial surface water ecosystems in the region. An explicit understanding of the benefits of maintaining instream flow for present and future generations requires the ability to assess and understand the important trade-offs implicit in water-resource management decisions. In this paper, we outline an approach for modeling and visualizing impacts of management decisions in terms of rare terrestrial and aquatic wildlife, vegetation, surface water, groundwater recharge, real-estate values and socio-environmental vulnerable communities. We identify and quantify ecosystem services and model the potential reduction in effluent discharge to the U.S. that is under scrutiny by binational water policy makers and of concern to stakeholders. Results of service provisioning are presented, and implications for policy makers and resource managers are discussed. This paper presents a robust ecosystem services assessment of multiple scenarios of watershed management as a means to discern eco-hydrological responses and consider their potential values for future generations living in the borderlands.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"MDPI AG","publisherLocation":"Basel, Switzerland","doi":"10.3390/w5030852","usgsCitation":"Norman, L.M., Villarreal, M., Niraula, R., Meixner, T., Frisvold, G., and Labiosa, W., 2013, Framing scenarios of binational water policy with a tool to visualize, quantify and valuate changes in ecosystem services: Water, v. 5, no. 3, p. 852-874, https://doi.org/10.3390/w5030852.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"852","endPage":"874","numberOfPages":"23","ipdsId":"IP-039107","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473725,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w5030852","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":282558,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":282557,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w5030852"}],"country":"Mexico;United States","state":"Arizona;Sonora","county":"Santa Cruz County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.6156,30.8551 ], [ -111.6156,32.875 ], [ -109.9786,32.875 ], [ -109.9786,30.8551 ], [ -111.6156,30.8551 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"5","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-06-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5a44e4b0b290850f93e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Norman, Laura M. 0000-0002-3696-8406 lnorman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3696-8406","contributorId":967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norman","given":"Laura","email":"lnorman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Villarreal, Miguel L.","contributorId":107012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Villarreal","given":"Miguel L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Niraula, Rewati","contributorId":100714,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Niraula","given":"Rewati","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":490600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meixner, Thomas","contributorId":22653,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meixner","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":490598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Frisvold, George","contributorId":9569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frisvold","given":"George","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Labiosa, William","contributorId":26421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Labiosa","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70046725,"text":"ofr20131102 - 2013 - ARRA-funded VS30 measurements using multi-technique approach at strong-motion stations in California and central-eastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-08T12:55:16","indexId":"ofr20131102","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1102","title":"ARRA-funded VS30 measurements using multi-technique approach at strong-motion stations in California and central-eastern United States","docAbstract":"Funded by the 2009 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA), we conducted geophysical site characterizations at 191 strong-motion stations: 187 in California and 4 in the Central-Eastern United States (CEUS). The geophysical methods used at each site included passive and active surface-wave and body-wave techniques. Multiple techniques were used at most sites, with the goal of robustly determining VS (shear-wave velocity) profiles and VS30 (the time-averaged shear-wave velocity in the upper 30 meters depth). These techniques included: horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR), two-dimensional (2-D) array microtremor (AM), refraction microtremor (ReMi™), spectral analysis of surface wave (SASW), multi-channel analysis of surface waves (Rayleigh wave: MASRW; and Love wave: MASLW), and compressional- and shear-wave refraction. Of the selected sites, 47 percent have crystalline, volcanic, or sedimentary rock at the surface or at relatively shallow depth, and 53 percent are of Quaternary sediments located in either rural or urban environments. Calculated values of VS30 span almost the full range of the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) Site Classes, from D (stiff soils) to B (rock). The NEHRP Site Classes based on VS30 range from being consistent with the Class expected from analysis of surficial geology, to being one or two Site Classes below expected. In a few cases where differences between the observed and expected Site Class occurred, it was the consequence of inaccurate or coarse geologic mapping, as well as considerable degradation of the near-surface rock. Additionally, several sites mapped as rock have Site Class D (stiff soil) velocities, which is due to the extensive weathering of the surficial rock.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131102","usgsCitation":"Yong, A., Martin, A., Stokoe, K., and Diehl, J., 2013, ARRA-funded VS30 measurements using multi-technique approach at strong-motion stations in California and central-eastern United States: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1102, Report: iv, 58 p., appendix; Appendix A: 2610 p.; Data repository folder, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131102.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 58 p., appendix; Appendix A: 2610 p.; Data repository folder","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":152,"text":"California Field Office Earthquake Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274325,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131102.jpg"},{"id":274323,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1102/data"},{"id":274321,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1102/of2013-1102_text.pdf"},{"id":274324,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1102/of2013-1102_appendix_a.pdf"},{"id":274322,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1102/"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.9148,32.898 ], [ -123.9148,39.2152 ], [ -114.4446,39.2152 ], [ -114.4446,32.898 ], [ -123.9148,32.898 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51d2a4e0e4b0ca18483389ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yong, Alan 0000-0003-1807-5847","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1807-5847","contributorId":23037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yong","given":"Alan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, Antony","contributorId":16731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Antony","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stokoe, Kenneth","contributorId":98199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stokoe","given":"Kenneth","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Diehl, John","contributorId":65744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diehl","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70044586,"text":"70044586 - 2013 - Landscape influences on climate-related lake shrinkage at high latitudes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-28T13:53:05","indexId":"70044586","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landscape influences on climate-related lake shrinkage at high latitudes","docAbstract":"Climate-related declines in lake area have been identified across circumpolar regions and have been characterized by substantial spatial heterogeneity. An improved understanding of the mechanisms underlying lake area trends is necessary to predict where change is most likely to occur and to identify implications for high latitude reservoirs of carbon. Here, using a population of ca. 2300 lakes with statistically significant increasing and decreasing lake area trends spanning longitudinal and latitudinal gradients of ca. 1000 km in Alaska, we present evidence for a mechanism of lake area decline that involves the loss of surface water to groundwater systems. We show that lakes with significant declines in lake area were more likely to be located: (1) in burned areas; (2) on coarser, well-drained soils; and (3) farther from rivers compared to lakes that were increasing. These results indicate that postfire processes such as permafrost degradation, which also results from a warming climate, may promote lake drainage, particularly in coarse-textured soils and farther from rivers where overland flooding is less likely and downslope flow paths and negative hydraulic gradients between surface water and groundwater systems are more common. Movement of surface water to groundwater systems may lead to a deepening of subsurface flow paths and longer hydraulic residence time which has been linked to increased soil respiration and CO2 release to the atmosphere. By quantifying relationships between statewide coarse resolution maps of landscape characteristics and spatially heterogeneous responses of lakes to environmental change, we provide a means to identify at-risk lakes and landscapes and plan for a changing climate.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global Change Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/gcb.12196","usgsCitation":"Roach, J., Griffith, B., and Verbyla, D., 2013, Landscape influences on climate-related lake shrinkage at high latitudes: Global Change Biology, v. 19, no. 7, p. 2276-2284, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12196.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"2276","endPage":"2284","ipdsId":"IP-039850","costCenters":[{"id":108,"text":"Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274301,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274300,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12196"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.5,51.2 ], [ 172.5,71.4 ], [ -130.0,71.4 ], [ -130.0,51.2 ], [ 172.5,51.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"19","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-04-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51cea254e4b044272b8e88fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roach, Jennifer K.","contributorId":30861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roach","given":"Jennifer K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Griffith, Brad 0000-0001-8698-6859","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8698-6859","contributorId":82571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffith","given":"Brad","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":108,"text":"Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Verbyla, David","contributorId":87795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verbyla","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70042905,"text":"70042905 - 2013 - Mortality estimate of Chinese mystery snail, Bellamya chinensis (Reeve, 1863) in a Nebraska reservoir","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-28T09:45:51","indexId":"70042905","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":994,"text":"BioInvasions Records","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mortality estimate of Chinese mystery snail, Bellamya chinensis (Reeve, 1863) in a Nebraska reservoir","docAbstract":"The Chinese mystery snail (Bellamya chinensis) is an aquatic invasive species found throughout the USA. Little is known about this species’ life history or ecology, and only one population estimate has been published, for Wild Plum Lake in southeast Nebraska. A recent die-off event occurred at this same reservoir and we present a mortality estimate for this B. chinensis population using a quadrat approach. Assuming uniform distribution throughout the newly-exposed lake bed (20,900 m2), we estimate 42,845 individuals died during this event, amounting to approximately 17% of the previously-estimated population size of 253,570. Assuming uniform distribution throughout all previously-reported available habitat (48,525 m2), we estimate 99,476 individuals died, comprising 39% of the previously-reported adult population. The die-off occurred during an extreme drought event, which was coincident with abnormally hot weather. However, the exact reason of the die-off is still unclear. More monitoring of the population dynamics of B. chinensis is necessary to further our understanding of this species’ ecology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"BioInvasions Records","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Reabic","doi":"10.3391/bir.2013.2.2.07","usgsCitation":"Haak, D.M., Chaine, N.M., Stephen, B., Wong, A., and Allen, C.R., 2013, Mortality estimate of Chinese mystery snail, Bellamya chinensis (Reeve, 1863) in a Nebraska reservoir: BioInvasions Records, v. 2, no. 2, p. 137-139, https://doi.org/10.3391/bir.2013.2.2.07.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"137","endPage":"139","ipdsId":"IP-040987","costCenters":[{"id":463,"text":"Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473726,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3391/bir.2013.2.2.07","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":274292,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274291,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3391/bir.2013.2.2.07"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.0535,39.9999 ], [ -104.0535,43.0017 ], [ -95.3083,43.0017 ], [ -95.3083,39.9999 ], [ -104.0535,39.9999 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"2","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51cea255e4b044272b8e8906","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haak, Danielle M.","contributorId":73078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haak","given":"Danielle","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chaine, Noelle M.","contributorId":48456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chaine","given":"Noelle","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stephen, Bruce J.","contributorId":54862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephen","given":"Bruce J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wong, Alec","contributorId":79005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wong","given":"Alec","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Allen, Craig R. 0000-0001-8655-8272 allencr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8655-8272","contributorId":1979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"allencr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":472555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70046036,"text":"70046036 - 2013 - Monitoring restoration impacts to endemic plant communities in soil inclusions of arid environments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-28T09:34:53","indexId":"70046036","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2026,"text":"International Journal of Agriculture & Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring restoration impacts to endemic plant communities in soil inclusions of arid environments","docAbstract":"Soil inclusions are small patches of soil with different properties than the surrounding, dominant soil. In arid areas of western North America, soil inclusions called slickspot soils are saltier than adjacent soil and support different types of native vegetation. Traditional sagebrush restoration efforts, such as using drills to plant seeds or herbicides to control invasive vegetation, may damage sensitive slickspot soil and supporting vegetation. USGS scientists David Pyke and Scott Shaff and collaborators monitored slickspot size and cover of endangered slickspot peppergrass for two years to see if they were affected by the application of the herbicide glyphosate or by a minimum-till drill in the Snake River Plain, ID. The researchers examined the use of aerial photographs versus on-the-ground measurements and concluded that slickspot sizes were not affected by these treatments. Remote sensing using aerial photographs proved a useful method for mapping slickspot soils.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Agriculture & Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Friends Science Publishers","usgsCitation":"Louhaichi, M., Pyke, D.A., Shaff, S., and Johnson, D.E., 2013, Monitoring restoration impacts to endemic plant communities in soil inclusions of arid environments: International Journal of Agriculture & Biology, v. 15, p. 767-771.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"767","endPage":"771","ipdsId":"IP-043888","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274290,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274289,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.fspublishers.org/ijab/past-issues/IJABVOL_15_NO_4/22.pdf"}],"volume":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51cea255e4b044272b8e8902","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Louhaichi, Mounir","contributorId":38046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Louhaichi","given":"Mounir","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pyke, David A. 0000-0002-4578-8335 david_a_pyke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4578-8335","contributorId":3118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pyke","given":"David","email":"david_a_pyke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shaff, Scott E.","contributorId":26604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaff","given":"Scott E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, Douglas E.","contributorId":72283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70046720,"text":"sir20135069 - 2013 - Conceptual and numerical models of groundwater flow in the Ogallala aquifer in Gregory and Tripp Counties, South Dakota, water years 1985--2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-14T11:17:29","indexId":"sir20135069","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5069","title":"Conceptual and numerical models of groundwater flow in the Ogallala aquifer in Gregory and Tripp Counties, South Dakota, water years 1985--2009","docAbstract":"The Ogallala aquifer is an important water resource for the Rosebud Sioux Tribe in Gregory and Tripp Counties in south-central South Dakota and is used for irrigation, public supply, domestic, and stock water supplies. To better understand groundwater flow in the Ogallala aquifer, conceptual and numerical models of groundwater flow were developed for the aquifer. A conceptual model of the Ogallala aquifer was used to analyze groundwater flow and develop a numerical model to simulate groundwater flow in the aquifer. The MODFLOW–NWT model was used to simulate transient groundwater conditions for water years 1985–2009. The model was calibrated using statistical parameter estimation techniques. Potential future scenarios were simulated using the input parameters from the calibrated model for simulations of potential future drought and future increased pumping.\n\nTransient simulations were completed with the numerical model. A 200-year transient initialization period was used to establish starting conditions for the subsequent 25-year simulation of water years 1985–2009. The 25-year simulation was discretized into three seasonal stress periods per year and used to simulate transient conditions.\n\nA single-layer model was used to simulate flow and mass balance in the Ogallala aquifer with a grid of 133 rows and 282 columns and a uniform spacing of 500 meters (1,640 feet). Regional inflow and outflow were simulated along the western and southern boundaries using specified-head cells. All other boundaries were simulated using no-flow cells. Recharge to the aquifer occurs through precipitation on the outcrop area.\n\nModel calibration was accomplished using the Parameter Estimation (PEST) program that adjusted individual model input parameters and assessed the difference between estimated and model-simulated values of hydraulic head and base flow. This program was designed to estimate parameter values that are statistically the most likely set of values to result in the smallest differences between simulated and observed values, within a given set of constraints. The potentiometric surface of the aquifer calculated during the 200-year initialization period established initial conditions for the transient simulation. Water levels for 38 observation wells were used to calibrate the 25-year simulation. Simulated hydraulic heads for the transient simulation were within plus or minus 20 feet of observed values for 95 percent of observation wells, and the mean absolute difference was 5.1 feet. Calibrated hydraulic conductivity ranged from 0.9 to 227 feet per day (ft/d).\n\nThe annual recharge rates for the transient simulation (water years 1985–2009) ranged from 0.60 to 6.96 inches, with a mean of 3.68 inches for the Ogallala aquifer. This represents a mean recharge rate of 280.5 ft3/s for the model area. Discharge from the aquifer occurs through evapotranspiration, discharge to streams through river leakage and flow from springs and seeps, and well withdrawals. Water is withdrawn from wells for irrigation, public supply, domestic, and stock uses. Simulated mean discharge rates for water years 1985–2009 were about 185 cubic feet per second (ft3/s) for evapotranspiration, 66.7 ft3/s for discharge to streams, and 5.48 ft3/s for well withdrawals. Simulated annual evapotranspiration rates ranged from about 128 to 254 ft3/s, and outflow to streams ranged from 52.2 to 79.9 ft3/s.\n\nA sensitivity analysis was used to examine the response of the calibrated model to changes in model parameters for horizontal hydraulic conductivity, recharge, evapotranspiration, and spring and riverbed conductance. The model was most sensitive to recharge and maximum potential evapotranspiration and least sensitive to riverbed and spring conductances.\n\nTwo potential future scenarios were simulated: a potential drought scenario and a potential increased pumping scenario. To simulate a potential drought scenario, a synthetic drought record was created, the mean of which was equal to 60 percent of the mean estimated recharge rate for the 25-year simulation period. Compared with the results of the calibrated model (non-drought simulation), the simulation representing a potential drought scenario resulted in water-level decreases of as much as 30 feet for the Ogallala aquifer. To simulate the effects of potential future increases in pumping, well withdrawal rates were increased by 50 percent from those estimated for the 25-year simulation period. Compared with the results of the calibrated model, the simulation representing an increased pumping scenario resulted in water-level decreases of as much as 26 feet for the Ogallala aquifer.\n\nGroundwater budgets for the potential future scenario simulations were compared with the transient simulation representing water years 1985–2009. The simulation representing a potential drought scenario resulted in lower aquifer recharge from precipitation and decreased discharge from streams, springs, seeps, and evapotranspiration. The simulation representing a potential increased pumping scenario was similar to results from the transient simulation, with a slight increase in well withdrawals and a slight decrease in discharge from river leakage and evapotranspiration.\n\nThis numerical model is suitable as a tool that could be used to better understand the flow system of the Ogallala aquifer, to approximate hydraulic heads in the aquifer, and to estimate discharge to rivers, springs, and seeps in the study area. The model also is useful to help assess the response of the aquifer to additional stresses, including potential drought conditions and increased well withdrawals.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135069","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Rosebud Sioux Tribe","usgsCitation":"Davis, K.W., and Putnam, L.D., 2013, Conceptual and numerical models of groundwater flow in the Ogallala aquifer in Gregory and Tripp Counties, South Dakota, water years 1985--2009: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5069, viii, 82 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135069.","productDescription":"viii, 82 p.","numberOfPages":"94","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1984-10-31","temporalEnd":"2009-09-03","costCenters":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274304,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135069.gif"},{"id":274302,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5069/"},{"id":274303,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5069/sir13-5069.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","county":"Gregory County;Tripp County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -100.2333,42.9979 ], [ -100.2333,43.7619 ], [ -98.4985,43.7619 ], [ -98.4985,42.9979 ], [ -100.2333,42.9979 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f2bbe4b0bc0bec0a056b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, Kyle W. 0000-0002-8723-0110 kyledavis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8723-0110","contributorId":3987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Kyle","email":"kyledavis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Putnam, Larry D. ldputnam@usgs.gov","contributorId":990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Putnam","given":"Larry","email":"ldputnam@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":480089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70046718,"text":"ofr20131142 - 2013 - The Regional Salmon Outmigration Study--survival and migration routing of juvenile Chinook salmon in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta during the winter of 2008-09","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-28T11:49:19","indexId":"ofr20131142","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1142","title":"The Regional Salmon Outmigration Study--survival and migration routing of juvenile Chinook salmon in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta during the winter of 2008-09","docAbstract":"Juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) emigrating from natal tributaries of the Sacramento River may use a number of migration routes to navigate the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta (hereafter called “the Delta”), each of which may influence their probability of surviving. We applied a mark-recapture model to data from acoustically tagged juvenile late fall-run Chinook salmon that migrated through the Delta during the winter of 2008–09 to estimate route entrainment, survival, and migration times through the Delta.\n\nA tag-life study was conducted to determine the potential for premature tag failure. Tag failure began after 12 days and continued until the 45th day. Travel times of tagged fish exceeded minimum tag-failure times, indicating that survival estimates obtained from this study were negatively biased due to tag failure prior to fish exiting the Delta. Survival estimates were not adjusted and represent the joint probability of tag survival and fish survival. However, relative comparisons of survival among Chinook salmon choosing different routes appeared to be robust to tag failure, and migration-routing parameters were unaffected by tag failure.\n\nMigration-routing patterns were consistent among release groups. The Sacramento River was the primary migration route for all release groups except one. The percentage of fish entering the Sacramento River ranged from 33 to 55 percent. Sutter and Steamboat Sloughs were the secondary migration route for 9 of the 10 releases. The percentage of fish migrating through this route ranged from 10 to 35 percent. Entrainment into the interior Delta ranged from 15 to 33 percent. The Delta Cross Channel gates were open for 7 of the 10 releases. Entrainment into the interior Delta through the cross channel ranged from 1 to 27 percent.\n\nWe estimated route-specific survival for 10 release groups that were released between November 14, 2008, and January 19, 2009. Population-level survival through the Delta (SDelta) ranged from 0.019 (standard error of 0.012) to 0.277 (standard error of 0.041) among releases, which represent the probability of a fish surviving from Sacramento to Chipps Island with an operational transmitter. Sacramento River flows throughout the study period were approximately 8,000–15,000 cubic feet per second at Freeport, suggesting that variability in flow contributed little to differences in survival between releases. Fish migrating through the Sacramento River had the highest survival for most releases. Survival in Sutter and Steamboat Sloughs was slightly lower than survival in the Sacramento River for 7 of the 10 releases, but higher than survival in the Sacramento River for 3 releases. Survival in the interior Delta was lowest for all release groups except for one release in November. With the exception of this November release, survival patterns across release groups were similar to those of previous studies.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131142","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California Department of Water Resources and Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Romine, J.G., Perry, R.W., Brewer, S.J., Adams, N.S., Liedtke, T.L., Blake, A.R., and Burau, J.R., 2013, The Regional Salmon Outmigration Study--survival and migration routing of juvenile Chinook salmon in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta during the winter of 2008-09: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1142, vi, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131142.","productDescription":"vi, 36 p.","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2008-11-14","temporalEnd":"2009-01-19","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274296,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131142.jpg"},{"id":274293,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1142/"},{"id":274294,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1142/pdf/ofr20131142_appendixD.zip"},{"id":274295,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1142/pdf/ofr20131142.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento-san Joaquin River Delta","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.0,37.833333 ], [ -122.0,38.583333 ], [ -121.333333,38.583333 ], [ -121.333333,37.833333 ], [ -122.0,37.833333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51cea255e4b044272b8e890a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Romine, Jason G. 0000-0002-6938-1185 jromine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6938-1185","contributorId":2823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romine","given":"Jason","email":"jromine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Perry, Russell W. 0000-0003-4110-8619 rperry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4110-8619","contributorId":2820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Russell","email":"rperry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brewer, Scott J. sbrewer@usgs.gov","contributorId":4407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brewer","given":"Scott","email":"sbrewer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":480084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Adams, Noah S. 0000-0002-8354-0293 nadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8354-0293","contributorId":3521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Noah","email":"nadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Liedtke, Theresa L. 0000-0001-6063-9867 tliedtke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6063-9867","contributorId":2999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liedtke","given":"Theresa","email":"tliedtke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Blake, Aaron R. 0000-0001-7348-2336 ablake@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7348-2336","contributorId":5059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blake","given":"Aaron","email":"ablake@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Burau, Jon R. 0000-0002-5196-5035 jrburau@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5196-5035","contributorId":1500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burau","given":"Jon","email":"jrburau@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70046717,"text":"sir20135050 - 2013 - Brookian sequence well log correlation sections and occurrence of gas hydrates, north-central North Slope, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-27T16:20:22","indexId":"sir20135050","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5050","title":"Brookian sequence well log correlation sections and occurrence of gas hydrates, north-central North Slope, Alaska","docAbstract":"Gas hydrates are naturally occurring crystalline, ice-like substances that consist of natural gas molecules trapped in a solid-water lattice. Because of the compact nature of their structure, hydrates can effectively store large volumes of gas and, consequently, have been identified as a potential unconventional energy source. First recognized to exist geologically in the 1960s, significant accumulations of gas hydrate have been found throughout the world. Gas hydrate occurrence is limited to environments such as permafrost regions and subsea sediments because of the pressure and temperature conditions required for their formation and stability. Permafrost-associated gas hydrate accumulations have been discovered in many regions of the Arctic, including Russia, Canada, and the North Slope of Alaska. Gas hydrate research has a long history in northern Alaska. This research includes the drilling, coring, and well log evaluation of two gas hydrate stratigraphic test wells and two resource assessments of gas hydrates on the Alaska North Slope. Building upon these previous investigations, this report provides a summary of the pertinent well log, gas hydrate, and stratigraphic data for key wells related to gas hydrate occurrence in the north-central North Slope. The data are presented in nine well log correlation sections with 122 selected wells to provide a regional context for gas hydrate accumulations and the relation of the accumulations to key stratigraphic horizons and to the base of the ice-bearing permafrost. Also included is a well log database that lists the location, available well logs, depths, and other pertinent information for each of the wells on the correlation section.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135050","usgsCitation":"Lewis, K.A., and Collett, T.S., 2013, Brookian sequence well log correlation sections and occurrence of gas hydrates, north-central North Slope, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5050, Report: vi, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135050.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 25 p.","numberOfPages":"33","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274283,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135050.gif"},{"id":274280,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5050/"},{"id":274281,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5050/SIR13-5050_508.pdf"},{"id":274282,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5050/downloads2/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -0.015277777777777777,6.151944444444445 ], [ -0.015277777777777777,0.0019444444444444444 ], [ -0.015555555555555555,0.0019444444444444444 ], [ -0.015555555555555555,6.151944444444445 ], [ -0.015277777777777777,6.151944444444445 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51cd50d6e4b0e7a904971bab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lewis, Kristen A. 0000-0003-4991-3399 klewis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4991-3399","contributorId":4120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"Kristen","email":"klewis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collett, Timothy S. 0000-0002-7598-4708 tcollett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":1698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"Timothy","email":"tcollett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70188536,"text":"70188536 - 2013 - A volcanic activity alert-level system for aviation: Review of its development and application in Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-17T16:45:00","indexId":"70188536","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2822,"text":"Natural Hazards","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A volcanic activity alert-level system for aviation: Review of its development and application in Alaska","docAbstract":"An alert-level system for communicating volcano hazard information to the aviation industry was devised by the Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) during the 1989–1990 eruption of Redoubt Volcano. The system uses a simple, color-coded ranking that focuses on volcanic ash emissions: Green—normal background; Yellow—signs of unrest; Orange—precursory unrest or minor ash eruption; Red—major ash eruption imminent or underway. The color code has been successfully applied on a regional scale in Alaska for a sustained period. During 2002–2011, elevated color codes were assigned by AVO to 13 volcanoes, eight of which erupted; for that decade, one or more Alaskan volcanoes were at Yellow on 67 % of days and at Orange or Red on 12 % of days. As evidence of its utility, the color code system is integrated into procedures of agencies responsible for air-traffic management and aviation meteorology in Alaska. Furthermore, it is endorsed as a key part of globally coordinated protocols established by the International Civil Aviation Organization to provide warnings of ash hazards to aviation worldwide. The color code and accompanying structured message (called a Volcano Observatory Notice for Aviation) comprise an effective early-warning message system according to the United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction. The aviation color code system currently is used in the United States, Russia, New Zealand, Iceland, and partially in the Philippines, Papua New Guinea, and Indonesia. Although there are some barriers to implementation, with continued education and outreach to Volcano Observatories worldwide, greater use of the aviation color code system is achievable.
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The first step was to determine if fish assemblages collected between 1992 and 1996 were comparable to samples collected at the same sites between 2007 and 2010. If samples from the two time periods were comparable, then it was considered reasonable that the combined time-period data could be used to make comparisons between random and fixed sites. In contrast, if differences were found between the two time periods, then it was considered unreasonable to use these data to make comparisons between random and fixed sites. One-hundred samples collected during the 1990s and 2000s from 50 sites dispersed among 19 streams in both basins were compiled from a database maintained by Colorado Parks and Wildlife. Nonparametric multivariate two-way analysis of similarities was used to test for fish-assemblage differences between time periods while accounting for stream-to-stream differences. Results indicated relatively weak but significant time-period differences in fish assemblages. Weak time-period differences in this case possibly were related to changes in fish assemblages associated with environmental factors; however, it is difficult to separate other possible explanations such as limited replication of paired time-period samples in many of the streams or perhaps differences in sampling efficiency and effort between the time periods. Regardless, using the 1990s data to fill data gaps to compare random and fixed-site fish-assemblage data is ill advised based on the significant separation in fish assemblages between time periods and the inability to determine conclusive explanations for these results. These findings indicated that additional sampling will be necessary before unbiased comparisons can be made between fish assemblages collected from random and fixed sites in the South Platte and Arkansas River Basins.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131115","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Colorado Parks and Wildlife","usgsCitation":"Zuellig, R.E., and Crockett, H.J., 2013, Assessing the use of existing data to compare plains fish assemblages collected from random and fixed sites in Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1115, iv, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131115.","productDescription":"iv, 9 p.","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274279,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131115.gif"},{"id":274278,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1115/OF13-1115_508.pdf"},{"id":274277,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1115/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -0.016666666666666666,8.333333333333334E-4 ], [ -0.016666666666666666,0.0011111111111111111 ], [ -0.016666666666666666,0.0011111111111111111 ], [ -0.016666666666666666,8.333333333333334E-4 ], [ -0.016666666666666666,8.333333333333334E-4 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51cd50d1e4b0e7a904971ba7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zuellig, Robert E. 0000-0002-4784-2905 rzuellig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4784-2905","contributorId":1620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zuellig","given":"Robert","email":"rzuellig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crockett, Harry J.","contributorId":75417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crockett","given":"Harry","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70040668,"text":"70040668 - 2013 - Human-caused mortality influences spatial population dynamics: pumas in landscapes with varying mortality risks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-26T15:38:26","indexId":"70040668","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Human-caused mortality influences spatial population dynamics: pumas in landscapes with varying mortality risks","docAbstract":"An understanding of how stressors affect dispersal attributes and the contribution of local populations to multi-population dynamics are of immediate value to basic and applied ecology. Puma (Puma concolor) populations are expected to be influenced by inter-population movements and susceptible to human-induced source–sink dynamics. Using long-term datasets we quantified the contribution of two puma populations to operationally define them as sources or sinks. The puma population in the Northern Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (NGYE) was largely insulated from human-induced mortality by Yellowstone National Park. Pumas in the western Montana Garnet Mountain system were exposed to greater human-induced mortality, which changed over the study due to the closure of a 915 km2 area to hunting. The NGYE’s population growth depended on inter-population movements, as did its ability to act as a source to the larger region. The heavily hunted Garnet area was a sink with a declining population until the hunting closure, after which it became a source with positive intrinsic growth and a 16× increase in emigration. We also examined the spatial and temporal characteristics of individual dispersal attributes (emigration, dispersal distance, establishment success) of subadult pumas (N = 126). Human-caused mortality was found to negatively impact all three dispersal components. Our results demonstrate the influence of human-induced mortality on not only within population vital rates, but also inter-population vital rates, affecting the magnitude and mechanisms of local population’s contribution to the larger metapopulation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2012.10.018","usgsCitation":"Newby, J.R., Mills, L.S., Ruth, T.K., Pletscher, D.H., Mitchell, M.S., Quigley, H.B., Murphy, K.M., and DeSimone, R., 2013, Human-caused mortality influences spatial population dynamics: pumas in landscapes with varying mortality risks: Biological Conservation, v. 159, p. 230-239, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2012.10.018.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"230","endPage":"239","ipdsId":"IP-032926","costCenters":[{"id":399,"text":"Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274264,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274263,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2012.10.018"}],"country":"United States","volume":"159","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51cbff54e4b052f2a4539867","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Newby, Jesse R.","contributorId":100718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newby","given":"Jesse","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mills, L. 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Catastrophic hurricane landfalls, ongoing subsidence and erosion exacerbated by sea-level rise, disintegration of barrier island chains, and high rates of wetland loss have called attention to the vulnerability of northern Gulf coast ecosystems, habitats, built infrastructure, and economy to natural and anthropogenic threats. The devastating hurricanes of 2005 (Katrina and Rita) motivated the U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program and partnering researchers to pursue studies aimed at understanding and predicting landscape change and the associated storm hazard vulnerability of northern Gulf coast region ecosystems and human communities. Attaining this science goal requires increased knowledge of landscape evolution on geologic, historical, and human time scales, and analysis of the implications of such changes in the natural and built components of the landscape for hurricane impact susceptibility. This Special Issue of the Journal of Coastal Research communicates northern Gulf of Mexico research results that (1) improve knowledge of prior climates and depositional environments, (2) assess broad regional ecosystem structure and change over Holocene to human time scales, (3) undertake process studies and change analyses of dynamic landscape components, and (4) integrate framework, climate, variable time and spatial scale mapping, monitoring, and discipline-specific process investigations within interdisciplinary studies.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Coastal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Coastal Education and Research Foundation (CERF)","doi":"10.2112/SI63-001.1","usgsCitation":"Brock, J., Barras, J., and Williams, S.J., 2013, Introduction to the special issue on “Understanding and predicting change in the coastal ecosystems of the northern Gulf of Mexico”: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 63, p. 1-5, https://doi.org/10.2112/SI63-001.1.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"5","ipdsId":"IP-044791","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473728,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2112/si63-001.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":274261,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274260,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2112/SI63-001.1"}],"otherGeospatial":"Gulf Of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.86,18.18 ], [ -97.86,30.4 ], [ -81.04,30.4 ], [ -81.04,18.18 ], [ -97.86,18.18 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"63","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51cbff55e4b052f2a453986b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brock, John 0000-0002-5289-9332 jbrock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5289-9332","contributorId":2261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brock","given":"John","email":"jbrock@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barras, John A. jbarras@usgs.gov","contributorId":2425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barras","given":"John A.","email":"jbarras@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":477318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, S. Jeffress 0000-0002-1326-7420 jwilliams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1326-7420","contributorId":2063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"S.","email":"jwilliams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Jeffress","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70046705,"text":"ds762 - 2013 - Geophysical logging and geologic mapping data in the vicinity of the GMH Electronics Superfund site near Roxboro, North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-26T13:05:09","indexId":"ds762","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"762","title":"Geophysical logging and geologic mapping data in the vicinity of the GMH Electronics Superfund site near Roxboro, North Carolina","docAbstract":"Geologic mapping, the collection of borehole geophysical logs and images, and passive diffusion bag sampling were conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey North Carolina Water Science Center in the vicinity of the GMH Electronics Superfund site near Roxboro, North Carolina, during March through October 2011. The study purpose was to assist the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in the development of a conceptual groundwater model for the assessment of current contaminant distribution and future migration of contaminants. Data compilation efforts included geologic mapping of more than 250 features, including rock type and secondary joints, delineation of more than 1,300 subsurface features (primarily fracture orientations) in 15 open borehole wells, and the collection of passive diffusion-bag samples from 42 fracture zones at various depths in the 15 wells.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds762","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region 4 Superfund Section","usgsCitation":"Chapman, M.J., Clark, T.W., and Williams, J., 2013, Geophysical logging and geologic mapping data in the vicinity of the GMH Electronics Superfund site near Roxboro, North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 762, Report: viii, 37 p.; Appendixes 1-8, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds762.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 37 p.; Appendixes 1-8","numberOfPages":"47","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274259,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds762.gif"},{"id":274258,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/762/appendix"},{"id":274256,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/762/"},{"id":274257,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/762/pdf/ds762.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","city":"Roxboro","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -84.32,33.84 ], [ -84.32,36.58 ], [ -75.46,36.58 ], [ -75.46,33.84 ], [ -84.32,33.84 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51cbff54e4b052f2a4539863","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chapman, Melinda J. 0000-0003-4021-0320 mjchap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4021-0320","contributorId":1597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapman","given":"Melinda","email":"mjchap@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, Timothy W.","contributorId":104377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, John 0000-0002-6054-6908 jhwillia@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6054-6908","contributorId":1553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"John","email":"jhwillia@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70045753,"text":"70045753 - 2013 - The relative contribution of methanotrophs to microbial communities and carbon cycling in soil overlying a coal-bed methane seep","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-26T11:45:13","indexId":"70045753","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1619,"text":"FEMS Microbiology Ecology","onlineIssn":"1574-6941","printIssn":"0168-6496","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The relative contribution of methanotrophs to microbial communities and carbon cycling in soil overlying a coal-bed methane seep","docAbstract":"Seepage of coal-bed methane (CBM) through soils is a potential source of atmospheric CH4 and also a likely source of ancient (i.e. 14C-dead) carbon to soil microbial communities. Natural abundance 13C and 14C compositions of bacterial membrane phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) and soil gas CO2 and CH4 were used to assess the incorporation of CBM-derived carbon into methanotrophs and other members of the soil microbial community. Concentrations of type I and type II methanotroph PLFA biomarkers (16:1ω8c and 18:1ω8c, respectively) were elevated in CBM-impacted soils compared with a control site. Comparison of PLFA and 16s rDNA data suggested type I and II methanotroph populations were well estimated and overestimated by their PLFA biomarkers, respectively. The δ13C values of PLFAs common in type I and II methanotrophs were as negative as −67‰ and consistent with the assimilation of CBM. PLFAs more indicative of nonmethanotrophic bacteria had δ13C values that were intermediate indicating assimilation of both plant- and CBM-derived carbon. Δ14C values of select PLFAs (−351 to −936‰) indicated similar patterns of CBM assimilation by methanotrophs and nonmethanotrophs and were used to estimate that 35–91% of carbon assimilated by nonmethanotrophs was derived from CBM depending on time of sampling and soil depth.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"FEMS Microbiology Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/1574-6941.12079","usgsCitation":"Mills, C., Slater, G.F., Dias, R.F., Carr, S.A., Reddy, C., Schmidt, R., and Mandernack, K.W., 2013, The relative contribution of methanotrophs to microbial communities and carbon cycling in soil overlying a coal-bed methane seep: FEMS Microbiology Ecology, v. 84, no. 3, p. 474-494, https://doi.org/10.1111/1574-6941.12079.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"474","endPage":"494","ipdsId":"IP-042235","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274255,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274254,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1574-6941.12079"}],"volume":"84","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-02-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51cbff58e4b052f2a453988f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mills, Christopher T. 0000-0001-8414-1414","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8414-1414","contributorId":93308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mills","given":"Christopher T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Slater, Gregory F.","contributorId":108010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slater","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dias, Robert F. rfdias@usgs.gov","contributorId":3746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dias","given":"Robert","email":"rfdias@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":478282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carr, Stephanie A.","contributorId":8752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"Stephanie","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Reddy, Christopher M.","contributorId":103164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reddy","given":"Christopher M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schmidt, Raleigh","contributorId":85306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Raleigh","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mandernack, Kevin W.","contributorId":43258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mandernack","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70046040,"text":"70046040 - 2013 - Measuring the relative resilience of subarctic lakes to global change: redundancies of functions within and across temporal scales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-13T14:31:47","indexId":"70046040","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2163,"text":"Journal of Applied Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Measuring the relative resilience of subarctic lakes to global change: redundancies of functions within and across temporal scales","docAbstract":"1. Ecosystems at high altitudes and latitudes are expected to be particularly vulnerable to the effects of global change. We assessed the responses of littoral invertebrate communities to changing abiotic conditions in subarctic Swedish lakes with long-term data (1988–2010) and compared the responses of subarctic lakes with those of more southern, hemiboreal lakes. 2. We used a complex systems approach, based on multivariate time-series modelling, and identified dominant and distinct temporal frequencies in the data; that is, we tracked community change at distinct temporal scales. We determined the distribution of functional feeding groups of invertebrates within and across temporal scales. Within and cross-scale distributions of functions have been considered to confer resilience to ecosystems, despite changing environmental conditions. 3. Two patterns of temporal change within the invertebrate communities were identified that were consistent across the lakes. The first pattern was one of monotonic change associated with changing abiotic lake conditions. The second was one of showing fluctuation patterns largely unrelated to gradual environmental change. Thus, two dominant and distinct temporal frequencies (temporal scales) were present in all lakes analysed. 4. Although the contribution of individual feeding groups varied between subarctic and hemiboreal lakes, they shared overall similar functional attributes (richness, evenness, diversity) and redundancies of functions within and between the observed temporal scales. This highlights similar resilience characteristics in subarctic and hemiboreal lakes. 5. Synthesis and applications. The effects of global change can be particularly strong at a single scale in ecosystems. Over time, this can cause monotonic change in communities and eventually lead to a loss of important ecosystem services upon reaching a critical threshold. Dynamics at other spatial or temporal scales can be unrelated to environmental change. The relative ‘intactness’ of these scales that are unaffected by global change and the persistence of functions at those scales may safeguard the whole system from the potential loss of functions at the scale at which global change impacts can be substantial. Thus, an understanding of scale-specific processes provides managers with a realistic assessment of vulnerabilities and the relative resilience of ecosystems to environmental change. Explicit consideration of ‘intact’ and ‘affected’ scales in analyses of global change impacts provides opportunities to tailor more specific management plans.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Applied Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/1365-2664.12092","usgsCitation":"Angeler, D., Allen, C.R., and Johnson, R.K., 2013, Measuring the relative resilience of subarctic lakes to global change: redundancies of functions within and across temporal scales: Journal of Applied Ecology, v. 50, no. 3, p. 572-584, https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12092.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"572","endPage":"584","ipdsId":"IP-043647","costCenters":[{"id":463,"text":"Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":29789,"text":"John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473729,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12092","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":274251,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274250,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12092"}],"volume":"50","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-04-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51cbff56e4b052f2a4539877","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Angeler, David G.","contributorId":25027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angeler","given":"David G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, Craig R. 0000-0001-8655-8272 allencr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8655-8272","contributorId":1979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"allencr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Richard K.","contributorId":21810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70045687,"text":"70045687 - 2013 - Meeting Asia's future gas import demand with stranded natural gas from central Asia, Russia, Southeast Asia, and Australia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-26T10:34:36","indexId":"70045687","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3324,"text":"SPE Economics & Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Meeting Asia's future gas import demand with stranded natural gas from central Asia, Russia, Southeast Asia, and Australia","docAbstract":"This analysis shows the important contribution that stranded gas from central Asia, Russia, Southeast Asia, and Australia can make in meeting the projected demand for gas imports of China, India, Japan, and South Korea from 2020 to 2040. The estimated delivered costs of pipeline gas from stranded fields in Russia and central Asia at Shanghai, China, are generally less than delivered costs of liquefied natural gas (LNG). Australia and Malaysia are initially the lowest-cost LNG suppliers. In the concluding section, it is argued that Asian LNG demand is price sensitive, and that current Asian LNG pricing procedures are unlikely to be sustainable for gas import demand to attain maximum potential growth. Resource volumes in stranded fields evaluated can nearly meet projected import demands.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"SPE Economics & Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"SPE","doi":"10.2118/162870-PA","usgsCitation":"Attanasi, E., and Freeman, P., 2013, Meeting Asia's future gas import demand with stranded natural gas from central Asia, Russia, Southeast Asia, and Australia: SPE Economics & Management, v. 5, no. 2, SPE-162870-PA, https://doi.org/10.2118/162870-PA.","productDescription":"SPE-162870-PA","ipdsId":"IP-042552","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274253,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274252,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2118/162870-PA"}],"otherGeospatial":"Asia;Australia","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 25.0,-54.8 ], [ 25.0,81.7 ], [ -168.4,81.7 ], [ -168.4,-54.8 ], [ 25.0,-54.8 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"5","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-04-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51cbff56e4b052f2a453987b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Attanasi, Emil 0000-0001-6845-7160 attanasi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6845-7160","contributorId":1809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Attanasi","given":"Emil","email":"attanasi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Freeman, P.A. 0000-0002-0863-7431 pfreeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0863-7431","contributorId":3154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"P.A.","email":"pfreeman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":478051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70046703,"text":"sir20125209 - 2013 - Estimates of the volume of water in five coal aquifers, Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation, southeastern Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-26T09:37:49","indexId":"sir20125209","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5209","title":"Estimates of the volume of water in five coal aquifers, Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation, southeastern Montana","docAbstract":"The Tongue River Member of the Tertiary Fort Union Formation is the primary source of groundwater in the Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation in southeastern Montana. Coal beds within this formation generally contain the most laterally extensive aquifers in much of the reservation. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Northern Cheyenne Tribe, conducted a study to estimate the volume of water in five coal aquifers.\n\nThis report presents estimates of the volume of water in five coal aquifers in the eastern and southern parts of the Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation: the Canyon, Wall, Pawnee, Knobloch, and Flowers-Goodale coal beds in the Tongue River Member of the Tertiary Fort Union Formation. Only conservative estimates of the volume of water in these coal aquifers are presented.\n\nThe volume of water in the Canyon coal was estimated to range from about 10,400 acre-feet (75 percent saturated) to 3,450 acre-feet (25 percent saturated). The volume of water in the Wall coal was estimated to range from about 14,200 acre-feet (100 percent saturated) to 3,560 acre-feet (25 percent saturated). The volume of water in the Pawnee coal was estimated to range from about 9,440 acre-feet (100 percent saturated) to 2,360 acre-feet (25 percent saturated). The volume of water in the Knobloch coal was estimated to range from about 38,700 acre-feet (100 percent saturated) to 9,680 acre-feet (25 percent saturated). The volume of water in the Flowers-Goodale coal was estimated to be about 35,800 acre-feet (100 percent saturated).\n\nSufficient data are needed to accurately characterize coal-bed horizontal and vertical variability, which is highly complex both locally and regionally. Where data points are widely spaced, the reliability of estimates of the volume of coal beds is decreased. Additionally, reliable estimates of the volume of water in coal aquifers depend heavily on data about water levels and data about coal-aquifer characteristics. Because the data needed to define the volume of water were sparse, only conservative estimates of the volume of water in the five coal aquifers are presented in this report. These estimates need to be used with caution and mindfulness of the uncertainty associated with them.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125209","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Northern Cheyenne Tribe","usgsCitation":"Tuck, L., Pearson, D., Cannon, M.R., and Dutton, D., 2013, Estimates of the volume of water in five coal aquifers, Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation, southeastern Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5209, vi, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125209.","productDescription":"vi, 26 p.","numberOfPages":"35","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":400,"text":"Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274237,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20125209.gif"},{"id":274235,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5209/"},{"id":274236,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5209/sir2012-5209.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.083333,45.166667 ], [ -107.083333,45.75 ], [ -106.166667,45.75 ], [ -106.166667,45.166667 ], [ -107.083333,45.166667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51cbff4fe4b052f2a453985f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tuck, L.K.","contributorId":54247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tuck","given":"L.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pearson, Daniel K.","contributorId":52014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearson","given":"Daniel K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cannon, M. R.","contributorId":99140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dutton, DeAnn M. ddutton@usgs.gov","contributorId":20762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dutton","given":"DeAnn M.","email":"ddutton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":480039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70046063,"text":"70046063 - 2013 - Marine radiocarbon reservoir age variation in Donax obesulus shells from northern Peru: Late Holocene evidence for extended El Niño","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-16T12:11:56.701403","indexId":"70046063","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Marine radiocarbon reservoir age variation in Donax obesulus shells from northern Peru: Late Holocene evidence for extended El Niño","docAbstract":"For at least 6 m.y., El Niño events have posed the greatest environmental risk on the Peruvian coast. A better understanding of El Niño is essential for predicting future risk and growth in this tropical desert. To achieve this we analyzed archaeological and modern pre-bomb shells from the surf clam Donax for the radiocarbon reservoir effect (ΔR) to characterize late Holocene coastal upwelling conditions in northern Peru (8°14′S). Mean ΔR values from these shells suggest that modern upwelling conditions in this region were likely established between A.D. 539 and A.D. 1578. Our radiocarbon data suggest that upwelling conditions ca. A.D. 539 were less intense than those in modern times. The observed coastal water enrichment in 14C may be consequence of frequent strong El Niño events or extended El Niño–like conditions. These ΔR-inferred marine conditions are in agreement with proposed extended El Niño activity in proxy and archaeological records of ca. A.D. 475–530. Extended El Niño conditions have been linked to political destabilization, societal transformation, and collapse of the Moche civilization in northern Peru. A return to such conditions would have significant impacts on the dense population of this region today and in the near future.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/G34065.1","usgsCitation":"Etayo-Cadavid, M.F., Andrus, C.F., Jones, K.B., Hodgins, G.W., Sandweiss, D., Uceda-Castillo, S., and Quilter, J., 2013, Marine radiocarbon reservoir age variation in Donax obesulus shells from northern Peru: Late Holocene evidence for extended El Niño: Geology, v. 41, no. 5, p. 599-602, https://doi.org/10.1130/G34065.1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"599","endPage":"602","ipdsId":"IP-025087","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274249,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Peru","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81.33,-18.35 ], [ -81.33,-0.04 ], [ -68.65,-0.04 ], [ -68.65,-18.35 ], [ -81.33,-18.35 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"41","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-03-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51cbff55e4b052f2a4539873","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Etayo-Cadavid, Miguel F.","contributorId":16296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Etayo-Cadavid","given":"Miguel","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andrus, C. Fred T.","contributorId":80568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrus","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Fred T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, Kevin B. 0000-0002-6386-2623 kevinjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6386-2623","contributorId":565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Kevin","email":"kevinjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hodgins, Gregory W. L.","contributorId":67787,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hodgins","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"W. L.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":478799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sandweiss, Daniel H.","contributorId":6356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandweiss","given":"Daniel H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Uceda-Castillo, Sandiago","contributorId":32427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Uceda-Castillo","given":"Sandiago","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Quilter, Jeffrey","contributorId":95361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quilter","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70046704,"text":"ds778 - 2013 - SSR_pipeline--computer software for the identification of microsatellite sequences from paired-end Illumina high-throughput DNA sequence data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-26T09:52:58","indexId":"ds778","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"778","title":"SSR_pipeline--computer software for the identification of microsatellite sequences from paired-end Illumina high-throughput DNA sequence data","docAbstract":"SSR_pipeline is a flexible set of programs designed to efficiently identify simple sequence repeats (SSRs; for example, microsatellites) from paired-end high-throughput Illumina DNA sequencing data. The program suite contains three analysis modules along with a fourth control module that can be used to automate analyses of large volumes of data. The modules are used to (1) identify the subset of paired-end sequences that pass quality standards, (2) align paired-end reads into a single composite DNA sequence, and (3) identify sequences that possess microsatellites conforming to user specified parameters. Each of the three separate analysis modules also can be used independently to provide greater flexibility or to work with FASTQ or FASTA files generated from other sequencing platforms (Roche 454, Ion Torrent, etc).\n\nAll modules are implemented in the Python programming language and can therefore be used from nearly any computer operating system (Linux, Macintosh, Windows). The program suite relies on a compiled Python extension module to perform paired-end alignments. Instructions for compiling the extension from source code are provided in the documentation. Users who do not have Python installed on their computers or who do not have the ability to compile software also may choose to download packaged executable files. These files include all Python scripts, a copy of the compiled extension module, and a minimal installation of Python in a single binary executable. See program documentation for more information.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds778","usgsCitation":"Miller, M.P., Knaus, B.J., Mullins, T., and Haig, S.M., 2013, SSR_pipeline--computer software for the identification of microsatellite sequences from paired-end Illumina high-throughput DNA sequence data: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 778, HTML Document; Program Documentation; Program Executable Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds778.","productDescription":"HTML Document; Program Documentation; Program Executable Files","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274247,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds778.jpg"},{"id":274240,"type":{"id":19,"text":"Raw Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/778/01_SSR_pipeline_0.95_src_and_docs.tgz"},{"id":274241,"type":{"id":19,"text":"Raw Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/778/03_SSR_pipeline_sample_data.zip"},{"id":274238,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/778/"},{"id":274242,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/778/04_SSR_pipeline_documentation.pdf"},{"id":274239,"type":{"id":19,"text":"Raw Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/778/02_SSR_pipeline_0.95_src_and_docs.zip"},{"id":274243,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/778/05_SSR_pipeline_0.95_win32_executeables.zip"},{"id":274244,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/778/08_SSR_pipeline_0.95_32bit_linux.tar.gz"},{"id":274245,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/778/06_SSR_pipeline_0.95_64bit_linux.tar.gz"},{"id":274246,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/778/07_SSR_pipeline_0.95_OSX64bit.tar.gz"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51cbff57e4b052f2a453988b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Mark P. 0000-0003-1045-1772 mpmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1045-1772","contributorId":1967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Mark","email":"mpmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":38131,"text":"WMA - Office of Planning and Programming","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knaus, Brian J.","contributorId":107167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knaus","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mullins, Thomas D.","contributorId":12819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullins","given":"Thomas D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haig, Susan M. 0000-0002-6616-7589 susan_haig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6616-7589","contributorId":719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haig","given":"Susan","email":"susan_haig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70046696,"text":"ds754 - 2013 - National wildlife refuge visitor survey 2012--Individual refuge results","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-25T15:30:26","indexId":"ds754","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"754","title":"National wildlife refuge visitor survey 2012--Individual refuge results","docAbstract":"The National Wildlife Refuge System (Refuge System), established in 1903 and managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service), is the leading network of protected lands and waters in the world dedicated to the conservation of fish, wildlife and their habitats. There are 560 national wildlife refuges and 38 wetland management districts nationwide, encompassing more than 150 million acres. The Refuge System attracts nearly 45 million visitors annually, including 34.8 million people who observe and photograph wildlife, 9.6 million who hunt and fish, and nearly 675,000 teachers and students who use refuges as outdoor classrooms. Understanding visitor perceptions of refuges and characterizing their experiences on refuges are critical elements of managing these lands and meeting the goals of the Refuge System. The Service collaborated with the U.S. Geological Survey to conduct a national survey of visitors regarding their experiences on national wildlife refuges. The purpose of the survey was to better understand visitor experiences and trip characteristics, to gauge visitors’ levels of satisfaction with existing recreational opportunities, and to garner feedback to inform the design of programs and facilities. The survey results will inform performance, planning, budget, and communications goals. Results will also inform Comprehensive Conservation Plans (CCPs), visitor services, and transportation planning processes. This Data Series consists of 25 separate data files. Each file describes the results of the survey for an individual refuge and contains the following information: • Introduction: An overview of the Refuge System and the goals of the national surveying effort. • Methods: The procedures for the national surveying effort, including selecting refuges, developing the survey instrument, contacting visitors, and guidance for interpreting the results.• Refuge Description: A brief description of the refuge location, acreage, purpose, recreational activities, and visitation statistics, including a map (where available) and refuge website link. • Sampling at This Refuge: The sampling periods, locations, and response rate for the refuge. • Selected Survey Results: Key findings for the refuge, including: o Visitor and trip characteristics o Visitor spending in the local communities o Visitors opinions about the refuge o Visitor opinions about National Wildlife Refuge System topics • Conclusion • References Cited • Survey Frequencies (Appendix A): The survey instrument with frequency results for the refuge. • Visitor Comments (Appendix B): The verbatim responses to the open-ended survey questions for the refuge.Individual-refuge results for the 53 participating refuges in the 2010-2011 national effort are available at http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/643/ as part of USGS Data Series 643. Combined results for the 53 participating refuges in the 2010-2011 national effort are available at http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/685/ as part of USGS Data Series 685.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds754","usgsCitation":"Dietsch, A.M., Sexton, N.R., Koontz, L.M., and Conk, S.J., 2013, National wildlife refuge visitor survey 2012--Individual refuge results: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 754, NWR visitor survey 2012: 25 PDF files; Related Reports: Data Series 643 and 685, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds754.","productDescription":"NWR visitor survey 2012: 25 PDF files; Related Reports: Data Series 643 and 685","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science 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States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51caadd4e4b0d298e5434c11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dietsch, Alia M.","contributorId":66399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dietsch","given":"Alia","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sexton, Natalie R.","contributorId":82750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sexton","given":"Natalie","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Koontz, Lynne M.","contributorId":26167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koontz","given":"Lynne","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Conk, Shannon J.","contributorId":21516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conk","given":"Shannon","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70046691,"text":"sim3263 - 2013 - Water-level altitudes 2013 and water-level changes in the Chicot, Evangeline, and Jasper aquifers and compaction 1973--2012 in the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers, Houston-Galveston region, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-05T14:00:01","indexId":"sim3263","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3263","title":"Water-level altitudes 2013 and water-level changes in the Chicot, Evangeline, and Jasper aquifers and compaction 1973--2012 in the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers, Houston-Galveston region, Texas","docAbstract":"Most of the subsidence in the Houston-Galveston region, Texas, has occurred as a direct result of groundwater withdrawals for municipal supply, commercial and industrial use, and irrigation that depressured and dewatered the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers, thereby causing compaction mostly in the clay and silt layers of the aquifer sediments. This report, prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Harris-Galveston Subsidence District, City of Houston, Fort Bend Subsidence District, Lone Star Groundwater Conservation District, and Brazoria County Groundwater Conservation District, is one in an annual series of reports depicting water-level altitudes and water-level changes in the Chicot, Evangeline, and Jasper aquifers and measured compaction of subsurface sediments in the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers in the Houston-Galveston region. The report contains maps depicting approximate water-level altitudes for 2013 (represented by measurements made during December 2012-February 2013) for the Chicot, Evangeline, and Jasper aquifers; maps depicting 1-year (2012-13) water-level changes for each aquifer; maps depicting 5-year (2008--13) water-level changes for each aquifer; maps depicting long-term (1990-2013 and 1977-2013) water-level changes for the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers; a map depicting long-term (2000-13) water-level changes for the Jasper aquifer; a map depicting locations of borehole-extensometer sites; and graphs depicting measured compaction of subsurface sediments at the extensometers during 1973-2012. Tables listing the data used to construct each water-level map for each aquifer and the compaction graphs are included.
\nIn 2013, water-level-altitude contours for the Chicot aquifer ranged from 200 feet (ft) below North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (hereinafter, datum) in a small area in southwestern Harris County to 200 ft above datum in central to west-central Montgomery County. Water-level changes during 2012-13 in the Chicot aquifer ranged from a 58-ft decline to a 37-ft rise. Contoured 5-year and long-term changes in water levels in the Chicot aquifer ranged from a 30-ft decline to an 80-ft rise (2008-13), from a 120-ft decline to a 100-ft rise (1990-2013), and from an 80-ft decline to a 200-ft rise (1977-2013). In 2013, water-level-altitude contours for the Evangeline aquifer ranged from 300 ft below datum in south-central Montgomery County to 200 ft above datum in southeastern Grimes and northwestern Montgomery Counties. Water-level changes for 2012-13 in the Evangeline aquifer ranged from a 37-ft decline to a 68-ft rise. Contoured 5-year and long-term changes in water levels in the Evangeline aquifer ranged from an 80-ft decline to an 80-ft rise (2008-13), from a 220-ft decline to a 220-ft rise (1990-2013), and from a 360-ft decline to a 260-ft rise (1977-2013). In 2013, water-level-altitude contours for the Jasper aquifer ranged from 200 ft below datum in south-central Montgomery and north-central Harris Counties to 250 ft above datum in northwestern Montgomery County and extending into northeastern Grimes and south-central Walker Counties. Water-level changes for 2012-13 in the Jasper aquifer ranged from a 36-ft decline to an 87-ft rise. Contoured changes in water levels in the Jasper aquifer ranged from a 100-ft decline to 20-ft rise (2008-13) and from a 220-ft decline to no change (2000-13).
\nCompaction of subsurface sediments (mostly in the clay and silt layers) of the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers was recorded continuously by 13 borehole extensometers at 11 sites that were either activated or installed between 1973 and 1980. For the period of record beginning in 1973 (or later depending on activation or installation date) and ending in December 2012, cumulative measured compaction by 12 of the 13 extensometers ranged from 0.100 ft at the Texas City-Moses Lake extensometer to 3.632 ft at the Addicks extensometer (data were used from only one of two extensometers at one site). The rate of compaction varies from site to site because of differences in groundwater withdrawals near each site and differences among sites in the clay-to-sand ratio in the subsurface sediments. Therefore, it is not possible to extrapolate or infer a rate of compaction for adjacent areas based on the rate of compaction measured at a nearby extensometer.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3263","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Harris-Galveston Subsidence District, City of Houston, Fort Bend Subsidence District, Lone Star Groundwater Conservation District, and Brazoria County Groundwater Conservation District","usgsCitation":"Kasmarek, M.C., Johnson, M., and Ramage, J.K., 2013, Water-level altitudes 2013 and water-level changes in the Chicot, Evangeline, and Jasper aquifers and compaction 1973--2012 in the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers, Houston-Galveston region, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3263, Report: viii, 19 p.; 16 Sheets: 17.00 x 22.01 inches or smaller; 15 Tables: xlsx files; 3 Appendixes; Dataset; ReadME file, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3263.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 19 p.; 16 Sheets: 17.00 x 22.01 inches or smaller; 15 Tables: xlsx files; 3 Appendixes; Dataset; ReadME 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}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51caadd5e4b0d298e5434c19","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kasmarek, Mark C. 0000-0003-2808-2506 mckasmar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2808-2506","contributorId":1968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kasmarek","given":"Mark","email":"mckasmar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Michaela R. 0000-0001-6133-0247 mrjohns@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6133-0247","contributorId":1013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Michaela R.","email":"mrjohns@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central 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Soils from three study sites sampled in the district contained from approximately 1,000–3,200 mg Pb/kg. Analyses of earthworms [33–4,600 mg Pb/kg dry weight (dw)] collected in the district showed likely high Pb exposure of songbirds preying on soil organisms. Mean tissue Pb concentrations in songbirds collected from the contaminated sites were greater (p < 0.05) than those in songbirds from reference sites by factors of 8 in blood, 13 in liver, and 23 in kidney. Ranges of Pb concentrations in livers (mg Pb/kg dw) were as follows: northern cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis) = 0.11–3.0 (reference) and 1.3–30 (contaminated) and American robin (Turdus migratorius) = 0.43–8.5 (reference) and 7.6–72 (contaminated). Of 34 adult and juvenile songbirds collected from contaminated sites, 11 (32 %) had hepatic Pb concentrations that were consistent with adverse physiological effects, 3 (9 %) with systemic toxic effects, and 4 (12 %) with life-threatening toxic effects. Acid-fast renal intranuclear inclusion bodies, which are indicative of Pb poisoning, were detected in kidneys of two robins that had the greatest renal Pb concentrations (952 and 1,030 mg/kg dw). Mean activity of the enzyme delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) in red blood cells, a well-established bioindicator of Pb poisoning in birds, was decreased by 58–82 % in songbirds from the mining sites. We conclude that habitats within the mining district with soil Pb concentrations of ≥1,000 mg Pb/kg are contaminated to the extent that they are exposing ground-feeding songbirds to toxic concentrations of Pb.
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