{"pageNumber":"1433","pageRowStart":"35800","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46730,"records":[{"id":70015105,"text":"70015105 - 1991 - Proposed U.S. Geological Survey standard for digital orthophotos","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:01","indexId":"70015105","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Proposed U.S. Geological Survey standard for digital orthophotos","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey has added the new category of digital orthophotos to the National Digital Cartographic Data Base. This differentially rectified digital image product enables users to take advantage of the properties of current photoimagery as a source of geographic information. The product and accompanying standard were implemented in spring 1991. The digital orthophotos will be quadrangle based and cast on the Universal Transverse Mercator projection and will extend beyond the 3.75-minute or 7.5-minute quadrangle area at least 300 meters to form a rectangle. The overedge may be used for mosaicking with adjacent digital orthophotos. To provide maximum information content and utility to the user, metadata (header) records exist at the beginning of the digital orthophoto file. Header information includes the photographic source type, date, instrumentation used to create the digital orthophoto, and information relating to the DEM that was used in the rectification process. Additional header information is included on transformation constants from the 1927 and 1983 North American Datums to the orthophoto internal file coordinates to enable the user to register overlays on either datum. The quadrangle corners in both datums are also imprinted on the image. Flexibility has been built into the digital orthophoto format for future enhancements, such as the provision to include the corresponding digital elevation model elevations used to rectify the orthophoto. The digital orthophoto conforms to National Map Accuracy Standards and provides valuable mapping data that can be used as a tool for timely revision of standard map products, for land use and land cover studies, and as a digital layer in a geographic information system.","largerWorkTitle":"GIS/LIS 1991 ACSM-ASPRS Fall Convention","conferenceTitle":"1991 ACSM-ASPRS Fall Convention","conferenceDate":"28 October 1991 through 1 November 1991","conferenceLocation":"Atlanta, GA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASPRS","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD, United States","usgsCitation":"Hooper, D., and Caruso, V., 1991, Proposed U.S. Geological Survey standard for digital orthophotos, <i>in</i> GIS/LIS 1991 ACSM-ASPRS Fall Convention, Atlanta, GA, USA, 28 October 1991 through 1 November 1991.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224018,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8f2fe4b0c8380cd7f5fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hooper, David","contributorId":14121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooper","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Caruso, Vincent","contributorId":87302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caruso","given":"Vincent","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70016609,"text":"70016609 - 1991 - Use of electronic microprocessor-based instrumentation by the U.S. geological survey for hydrologic data collection","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:49","indexId":"70016609","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Use of electronic microprocessor-based instrumentation by the U.S. geological survey for hydrologic data collection","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey is acquiring a new generation of field computers and communications software to support hydrologic data-collection at field locations. The new computer hardware and software mark the beginning of the Survey's transition from the use of electromechanical devices and paper tapes to electronic microprocessor-based instrumentation. Software is being developed for these microprocessors to facilitate the collection, conversion, and entry of data into the Survey's National Water Information System. The new automated data-collection process features several microprocessor-controlled sensors connected to a serial digital multidrop line operated by an electronic data recorder. Data are acquired from the sensors in response to instructions programmed into the data recorder by the user through small portable lap-top or hand-held computers. The portable computers, called personal field computers, also are used to extract data from the electronic recorders for transport by courier to the office computers. The Survey's alternative to manual or courier retrieval is the use of microprocessor-based remote telemetry stations. Plans have been developed to enhance the Survey's use of the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite telemetry by replacing the present network of direct-readout ground stations with less expensive units. Plans also provide for computer software that will support other forms of telemetry such as telephone or land-based radio.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings - National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1991 National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceDate":"29 July 1991 through 2 August 1991","conferenceLocation":"Nashville, TN, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872628167","usgsCitation":"Shope, W.G., 1991, Use of electronic microprocessor-based instrumentation by the U.S. geological survey for hydrologic data collection, <i>in</i> Proceedings - National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering, Nashville, TN, USA, 29 July 1991 through 2 August 1991, p. 774-779.","startPage":"774","endPage":"779","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224838,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbef6e4b08c986b3298af","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Shane Richard M.","contributorId":128320,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Shane Richard M.","id":536335,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Shope, William G. Jr.","contributorId":106649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shope","given":"William","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70016374,"text":"70016374 - 1991 - Vanadium accumulation in carbonaceous rocks: A review of geochemical controls during deposition and diagenesis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-20T20:34:01","indexId":"70016374","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vanadium accumulation in carbonaceous rocks: A review of geochemical controls during deposition and diagenesis","docAbstract":"Published data relevant to the geochemistry of vanadium were used to evaluate processes and conditions that control vanadium accumulation in carbonaceous rocks. Reduction, adsorption, and complexation of dissolved vanadium favor addition of vanadium to sediments rich in organic carbon. Dissolved vanadate (V(V)) species predominate in oxic seawater and are reduced to vanadyl ion (V(IV)) by organic compounds or H2S. Vanadyl ion readily adsorbs to particle surfaces and is added to the sediment as the particles settle. The large vanadium concentrations of rocks deposited in marine as compared to lacustrine environments are the result of the relatively large amount of vanadium provided by circulating ocean water compared to terrestrial runoff. Vanadium-rich carbonaceous rocks typically have high contents of organically bound sulfur and are stratigraphically associated with phosphate-rich units. A correspondence between vanadium content and organically bound sulfur is consistent with high activities of H2S during sediment deposition. Excess H2S exited the sediment into bottom waters and favored reduction of dissolved V(V) to V(IV) or possibly V(III). The stratigraphic association of vanadiferous and phosphatic rocks reflects temporal and spatial shifts in bottom water chemistry from suboxic (phosphate concentrated) to more reducing (euxinic?) conditions that favor vanadium accumulation. During diagenesis some vanadium-organic complexes migrate with petroleum out of carbonaceous rocks, but significant amounts of vanadium are retained in refractory organic matter or clay minerals. As carbon in the rock evolves toward graphite during metamorphism, vanadium is incorporated into silicate minerals. ?? 1991.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0009-2541(91)90083-4","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Breit, G.N., and Wanty, R., 1991, Vanadium accumulation in carbonaceous rocks: A review of geochemical controls during deposition and diagenesis: Chemical Geology, v. 91, no. 2, p. 83-97, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(91)90083-4.","startPage":"83","endPage":"97","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223567,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266073,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(91)90083-4"}],"volume":"91","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc111e4b08c986b32a439","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Breit, G. N.","contributorId":94664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breit","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wanty, R. B. 0000-0002-2063-6423","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2063-6423","contributorId":66704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wanty","given":"R. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70015077,"text":"70015077 - 1991 - Louisiana coastal GIS network: Graphical user interface for access to spatial data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-06T14:48:50","indexId":"70015077","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Louisiana coastal GIS network: Graphical user interface for access to spatial data","docAbstract":"Louisiana's coastal wetlands support a large percentage of the nation's seafood and fur industries, vast deposits of oil and natural gas, habitat for thousands of species of plants and animals, winter nesting grounds and migratory paths for numerous waterfowl, and many recreational resources enjoyed by residents and tourists. Louisiana's wetlands also have the highest rates of coastal erosion and wetland loss in the nation. While numerous studies across many disciplines have been conducted on both local and regional scales, no complete inventory exists for this information. The Louisiana Coastal Geographic Information System Network (LCGISN) is currently being developed to facilitate access to existing data for coastal zone planners, managers, and researchers. The Louisiana Geological Survey (LGS), in cooperation with the LSU Department of Geography and Anthropology, the Computer Aided Design and Geographic Information Systems Research Laboratory (CADGIS), and others, is pursuing this project under the terms of a cooperative agreement with the U.S. Geological Survey. LCGISN is an automated system for searching and retrieving geographic, cartographic, and bibliographic data. By linking original programming with an existing GIS software package and an industry standard relational database management system, LCGISN will provide the capability for users to search for data references by interactively defining the area of interest on a displayed map/image reference background. Several agencies will be networked to provide easy access to a wide variety of information. LCGISN, with its headquarters at LGS, will serve as the central node on the network, providing data format conversions, projection and datum transformations, and storage of several of the most commonly used data sets. Thematic mapper data, USGS 7.5-minute quadrangle map boundaries, political and legal boundaries, major transportation routes, and other digital data will provide a base map to aid the user in selecting the exact area of interest. Then, the user will set search criteria by proceeding through a series of menu-driven options. The system will then return any or all of the following: a list of digital maps or imagery that can be displayed immediately and visually overlayed, a list of maps/remotely sensed data and information on their availability, and a list of bibliographic references concerning the area and subject defined.","largerWorkTitle":"GIS/LIS 1991 Proceedings","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of GIS/LIS '91","conferenceDate":"28 October 1991 through 1 November 1991","conferenceLocation":"Atlanta, GA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASPRS","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD, United States","isbn":"0944426751","usgsCitation":"Hiland, M., McBride, R., Davis, D., Braud, D., Streiffer, H., Jones, F., Lewis, A., and Williams, S., 1991, Louisiana coastal GIS network: Graphical user interface for access to spatial data, <i>in</i> GIS/LIS 1991 Proceedings, v. 2, Atlanta, GA, USA, 28 October 1991 through 1 November 1991, p. 845-856.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"845","endPage":"856","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":223579,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -91.4501953125,\n              29.03215782622282\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.39599609375,\n              29.03215782622282\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.39599609375,\n              30.453409130203596\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.4501953125,\n              30.453409130203596\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.4501953125,\n              29.03215782622282\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a49ece4b0c8380cd689ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hiland, Matteson","contributorId":101390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hiland","given":"Matteson","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McBride, Randolph A.","contributorId":48711,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McBride","given":"Randolph A.","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":370000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davis, Donald","contributorId":90471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Donald","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Braud, Dewitt","contributorId":66853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Braud","given":"Dewitt","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Streiffer, Henry","contributorId":105057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Streiffer","given":"Henry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jones, Farrell","contributorId":105860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Farrell","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lewis, Anthony","contributorId":67221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"Anthony","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Williams, S.","contributorId":18514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70016397,"text":"70016397 - 1991 - Institutional issues affecting the integration and use of remotely sensed data and geographic information systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T14:14:28","indexId":"70016397","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Institutional issues affecting the integration and use of remotely sensed data and geographic information systems","docAbstract":"The developers as well as the users of remotely sensed data and geographic information system (GIS) techniques are associated with nearly all types of institutions in government, industry, and academia. Individuals in these various institutions often find the barriers to accepting remote sensing and GIS are not necessarily technical in nature, but can be attributed to the institutions themselves. Several major institutional issues that affect the technologies of remote sensing and GIS are data availability, data marketing and costs, equipment availability and costs, standards and practices, education and training, and organizational infrastructures. Not only are problems associated with these issues identified, but needs and opportunities also are discussed. -from Authors","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Lauer, D.T., Estes, J.E., Jensen, J., and Greenlee, D.D., 1991, Institutional issues affecting the integration and use of remotely sensed data and geographic information systems: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 57, no. 6, p. 647-654.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"647","endPage":"654","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":223111,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3c2ae4b0c8380cd62b18","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lauer, D. T.","contributorId":47907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lauer","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Estes, J. E.","contributorId":80378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estes","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jensen, J.R.","contributorId":32127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jensen","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Greenlee, D. D.","contributorId":20079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greenlee","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70016401,"text":"70016401 - 1991 - A statistical approach to the interpretation of aliphatic hydrocarbon distributions in marine sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-20T20:36:01","indexId":"70016401","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A statistical approach to the interpretation of aliphatic hydrocarbon distributions in marine sediments","docAbstract":"Q-mode factor analysis was used to quantitate the distribution of the major aliphatic hydrocarbon (n-alkanes, pristane, phytane) systems in sediments from a variety of marine environments. The compositions of the pure end members of the systems were obtained from factor scores and the distribution of the systems within each sample was obtained from factor loadings. All the data, from the diverse environments sampled (estuarine (San Francisco Bay), fresh-water (San Francisco Peninsula), polar-marine (Antarctica) and geothermal-marine (Gorda Ridge) sediments), were reduced to three major systems: a terrestrial system (mostly high molecular weight aliphatics with odd-numbered-carbon predominance), a mature system (mostly low molecular weight aliphatics without predominance) and a system containing mostly high molecular weight aliphatics with even-numbered-carbon predominance. With this statistical approach, it is possible to assign the percentage contribution from various sources to the observed distribution of aliphatic hydrocarbons in each sediment sample. ?? 1991.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0009-2541(91)90070-8","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Rapp, J.B., 1991, A statistical approach to the interpretation of aliphatic hydrocarbon distributions in marine sediments: Chemical Geology, v. 93, no. 1-2, p. 163-177, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(91)90070-8.","startPage":"163","endPage":"177","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":266075,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(91)90070-8"},{"id":223162,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e5aee4b0c8380cd46ef5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rapp, J. B.","contributorId":28987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rapp","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70015622,"text":"70015622 - 1991 - A giant submarine slope failure on the northern insular slope of Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-30T19:09:11","indexId":"70015622","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A giant submarine slope failure on the northern insular slope of Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"<p><span>A large amphitheater-shaped scarp, approximately 55 km across, was imaged on the northern insular slope of Puerto Rico using long-range sidescan sonar and bathymetric data. This scarp results from the removal of more than 1500 km</span><sup>3</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>of Tertiary strata. A review of seismic-reflection profiles, stratigraphic data, and subsidence models of the northern insular margin of Puerto Rico were used to infer that large-scale slope failure was induced by the tectonic oversteepening of the insular slope and was responsible for the formation of the scarp. The oversteepening probably was caused by the most recent episode of convergence of the Caribbean and North American plates, which began between approximately 4 and 2.5 m.y. ago. The Tertiary strata have been tilted approximately 4.5° to the north in the last 4 m.y.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-3227(91)90149-X","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Schwab, W.C., Danforth, W.W., Scanlon, K.M., and Masson, D., 1991, A giant submarine slope failure on the northern insular slope of Puerto Rico: Marine Geology, v. 96, no. 3-4, p. 237-246, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(91)90149-X.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"237","endPage":"246","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":223727,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e408e4b0c8380cd46377","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schwab, W. C.","contributorId":78740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwab","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Danforth, W. W.","contributorId":16386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danforth","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scanlon, Kathryn M.","contributorId":6816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scanlon","given":"Kathryn","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Masson, D.G.","contributorId":44160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masson","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70016735,"text":"70016735 - 1991 - Application of electromagnetic techniques in survey of contaminated groundwater at an abandoned mine complex in southwestern Indiana, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:51","indexId":"70016735","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1540,"text":"Environmental Geology and Water Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of electromagnetic techniques in survey of contaminated groundwater at an abandoned mine complex in southwestern Indiana, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"In part of a large abandoned mining complex, electromagnetic geophysical surveys were used along with data derived from cores and monitoring wells to infer sources of contamination and subsurface hydrologic connections between acidic refuse deposits and adjacent undisturbed geologic materials. Electrical resistivity increases sharply along the boundary of an elevated deposit of pyritic coarse refuse, which is highly contaminated and electrically conductive, indicating poor subsurface hydrologic connections with surrounding deposits of fine refuse and undisturbed glacial material. Groundwater chemistry, as reflected in values of specific conductance, also differs markedly across the deposit's boundary, indicating that a widespread contaminant plume has not developed around the coarse refuse in more than 40 yr since the deposit was created. Most acidic drainage from the coarse refuse is by surface runoff and is concentrated around stream channels. Although most of the contaminated groundwater within the study area is concentrated within the surficial refuse deposits, transects of apparent resistivity and phase angle indicate the existence of an anomalous conductive layer at depth (>4 m) in thick alluvial sediments along the northern boundary of the mining complex. Based on knowledge of local geology, the anomaly is interpreted to represent a subsurface connection between the alluvium and a flooded abandoned underground mine. ?? 1991 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology and Water Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF01704576","issn":"01775146","usgsCitation":"Brooks, G., Olyphant, G., and Harper, D., 1991, Application of electromagnetic techniques in survey of contaminated groundwater at an abandoned mine complex in southwestern Indiana, U.S.A.: Environmental Geology and Water Sciences, v. 18, no. 1, p. 39-47, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01704576.","startPage":"39","endPage":"47","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205483,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01704576"},{"id":224457,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec9de4b0c8380cd493a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brooks, G.A.","contributorId":23566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olyphant, G.A.","contributorId":51023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olyphant","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harper, D.","contributorId":28752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harper","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70016781,"text":"70016781 - 1991 - Near-real-time mosaics from high-resolution side-scan sonar","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:48","indexId":"70016781","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3363,"text":"Sea Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Near-real-time mosaics from high-resolution side-scan sonar","docAbstract":"High-resolution side-scan sonar has proven to be a very effective tool for stuyding and understanding the surficial geology of the seafloor. Since the mid-1970s, the US Geological Survey has used high-resolution side-scan sonar systems for mapping various areas of the continental shelf. However, two problems typically encountered included the short range and the high sampling rate of high-resolution side-scan sonar systems and the acquisition and real-time processing of the enormous volume of sonar data generated by high-resolution suystems. These problems were addressed and overcome in August 1989 when the USGS conducted a side-scan sonar and bottom sampling survey of a 1000-sq-km section of the continental shelf in the Gulf of Farallones located offshore of San Francisco. The primary goal of this survey was to map an area of critical interest for studying continental shelf sediment dynamics. This survey provided an opportunity to test an image processing scheme that enabled production of a side-scan sonar hard-copy mosaic during the cruise in near real-time.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sea Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00933651","usgsCitation":"Danforth, W.W., O’Brien, T.F., and Schwab, W.C., 1991, Near-real-time mosaics from high-resolution side-scan sonar: Sea Technology, v. 32, no. 1, p. 54-59.","startPage":"54","endPage":"59","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225078,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a63fee4b0c8380cd727ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Danforth, William W. 0000-0002-6382-9487 bdanforth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6382-9487","contributorId":3292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danforth","given":"William","email":"bdanforth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":374478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Brien, Thomas F. 0000-0003-0906-8450 tobrien@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0906-8450","contributorId":4151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Brien","given":"Thomas","email":"tobrien@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":374479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schwab, W. C.","contributorId":78740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwab","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70015076,"text":"70015076 - 1991 - Importance of hydrologic data for interpreting wetland maps and assessing wetland loss and mitigation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:59","indexId":"70015076","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1022,"text":"Biological Report - US Fish & Wildlife Service","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Importance of hydrologic data for interpreting wetland maps and assessing wetland loss and mitigation","docAbstract":"The US Geological Survey collects and disseminates, in written and digital formats, groundwater and surface-water information related to the tidal and nontidal wetlands of the United States. This information includes quantity, quality, and availability of groundwater and surface water; groundwater and surface-water interactions (recharge-discharge); groundwater flow; and the basic surface-water characteristics of streams, rivers, lakes, and wetlands. Water resources information in digital format can be used in geographic information systems (GISs) for many purposes related to wetlands. US Geological Survey wetland-related activities include collection of information important for assessing and mitigating coastal wetland loss and modification, hydrologic data collection and interpretation, GIS activities, identification of national trends in water quality and quantity, and process-oriented wetland research. -Author","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Report - US Fish & Wildlife Service","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Carter, V., 1991, Importance of hydrologic data for interpreting wetland maps and assessing wetland loss and mitigation: Biological Report - US Fish & Wildlife Service, v. 90, no. 18, p. 79-85.","startPage":"79","endPage":"85","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224403,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a393be4b0c8380cd61856","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carter, V.","contributorId":61115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70016447,"text":"70016447 - 1991 - Soil chronosequence studies in temperate to subtropical, low-latitude, low-relief terrain with data from the eastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-27T19:04:39.4049","indexId":"70016447","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1760,"text":"Geoderma","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Soil chronosequence studies in temperate to subtropical, low-latitude, low-relief terrain with data from the eastern United States","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Coastal Plain of the eastern United States is a low-latitude, low-altitude, low-relief terrain composed primarily of gently dipping marine and marginal-marine sediments that range in age from Cretaceous to Quaternary. Population density of the area is moderate, and most of the population is concentrated along the coast. Inland of the coast, agriculture, including growing trees for pulp, is the dominant economy. In this region, soils have developed along two different pathways. One pathway is dominated by the dissolution and movement of oxyhydroxides and the accumulation of organic matter; the other by the accumulation of clays and oxyhydroxyides and the adsorption or oxidation of organic matter. The first pathway has resulted in the formation of Spodosols; the second, in the development of Ultisols. No clearly distinguishable age trends have been identified in the Spodosols, but the properties of Ultisols can be measured to quantify surface material alteration through time. Ultisols are, therefore, suited to order-of-magnitude chronostratigraphic interpretations. Potentially, data derived through the study of Ultisols can be used to develop models that predict how surface processes will change due to continued weathering and pedogenesis or as the result of climate change.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7061(91)90072-2","issn":"00167061","usgsCitation":"Markewich, H.W., and Pavich, M., 1991, Soil chronosequence studies in temperate to subtropical, low-latitude, low-relief terrain with data from the eastern United States: Geoderma, v. 51, no. 1-4, p. 213-239, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7061(91)90072-2.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"213","endPage":"239","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223072,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, West 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W.","contributorId":31426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markewich","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pavich, M.J.","contributorId":70788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavich","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70016450,"text":"70016450 - 1991 - Morphological development of the Florida Escarpment: Observations on the generation of time transgressive unconformities in carbonate terrains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-13T14:26:39","indexId":"70016450","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Morphological development of the Florida Escarpment: Observations on the generation of time transgressive unconformities in carbonate terrains","docAbstract":"<p>An unconformity of 100 m.yr magnitude continues to form on the western edge of the Florida-Bahama Platform, near 26??N, where distal Mississippi Fan sediments are progressively burying the Florida Escarpment. Multiple perspectives of the developing unconformity's morphology are revealed using available technologies including GLORIA images of the entire platform's edge, Seabeam bathymetric contours, and Deep-Tow's high resolution side-scan data calibrated with bottom photographs. The structure and stratigraphy of the buried escarpment and the associated unconformity are resolved by airgun, sparker, and Deep-Tow's 4 kHz seismic reflection data; we summarize the morphological data on the exposed part of the unconformity and the sedimentary deposits accumulating in the basin above the unconformity. The exposed cliff face is composed of a staircase of bedding-plane terraces which are developed along joint planes. The terraces extend 100-1000 m along the escarpment's face, and the intervening vertical walls are up to 100 m high. The jointed morphology of this Mesozoic limestone cliff apparently reflects erosional exposure of its interior anatomy rather than its accretionary shape. The change in slope between the platform face and the abyssal plain is very abrupt. In places along the contact between the escarpment and fan sediments, reduced chemical-charged brine seeps occur, which locally cause carbonate dissolution and precipitation, sulfide mineralization, and the deposition of a fossiliferous and organic carbon-rich lens associated with chemosynthetic communities. These seep deposits and escarpment-derived megabreccias intercalate with basinal sediments that overlie the unconformity. Because surface seismic reflection data do not produce images of the escarpment's face that closely reflect the exposed escarpment's morphology, they must also be of limited value in characterizing the surface of similar steeply dipping buried escarpments. Thus, the downslope extent of the heavily eroded platform edge is unclear.&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/0025-3227(91)90070-K","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Paull, C.K., Twichell, D., Spiess, F.N., and Curray, J.R., 1991, Morphological development of the Florida Escarpment: Observations on the generation of time transgressive unconformities in carbonate terrains: Marine Geology, v. 101, no. 1-4, p. 181-201, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(91)90070-K.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"181","endPage":"201","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":223120,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Florida Escarpment, Gulf of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -88.70361328125,\n              23.624394569716923\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.4970703125,\n              23.624394569716923\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.4970703125,\n              30.90222470517144\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.70361328125,\n              30.90222470517144\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.70361328125,\n              23.624394569716923\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"101","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5e40e4b0c8380cd708d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paull, C. K.","contributorId":86845,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paull","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Twichell, D.C.","contributorId":84304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twichell","given":"D.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Spiess, Fred N.","contributorId":16059,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spiess","given":"Fred","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":6728,"text":"Scripps Inst Oceanography","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":373570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Curray, Joseph R.","contributorId":92424,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Curray","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6728,"text":"Scripps Inst Oceanography","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":373573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70016651,"text":"70016651 - 1991 - Sensitivity analysis of a ground-water-flow model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:50","indexId":"70016651","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Sensitivity analysis of a ground-water-flow model","docAbstract":"A sensitivity analysis was performed on 18 hydrological factors affecting steady-state groundwater flow in the Upper Floridan aquifer near Albany, southwestern Georgia. Computations were based on a calibrated, two-dimensional, finite-element digital model of the stream-aquifer system and the corresponding data inputs. Flow-system sensitivity was analyzed by computing water-level residuals obtained from simulations involving individual changes to each hydrological factor. Hydrological factors to which computed water levels were most sensitive were those that produced the largest change in the sum-of-squares of residuals for the smallest change in factor value. Plots of the sum-of-squares of residuals against multiplier or additive values that effect change in the hydrological factors are used to evaluate the influence of each factor on the simulated flow system. The shapes of these 'sensitivity curves' indicate the importance of each hydrological factor to the flow system. Because the sensitivity analysis can be performed during the preliminary phase of a water-resource investigation, it can be used to identify the types of hydrological data required to accurately characterize the flow system prior to collecting additional data or making management decisions.","largerWorkTitle":"Symposium on Ground Water","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the International Symposium on Ground Water in Practice","conferenceDate":"29 July 1991 through 2 August 1991","conferenceLocation":"Nashville, TN, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872628175","usgsCitation":"Torak, L.J., 1991, Sensitivity analysis of a ground-water-flow model, <i>in</i> Symposium on Ground Water, Nashville, TN, USA, 29 July 1991 through 2 August 1991, p. 40-45.","startPage":"40","endPage":"45","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224648,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d21e4b08c986b318288","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Lennon Gerard P.Rouhani Shahrokh","contributorId":128299,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Lennon Gerard P.Rouhani Shahrokh","id":536338,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Torak, Lynn J. ljtorak@usgs.gov","contributorId":401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torak","given":"Lynn","email":"ljtorak@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":374136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29913,"text":"wri894136 - 1991 - Hydrogeology and water quality of glacial-drift aquifers in the Bemidji-Bagley area, Beltrami, Clearwater, Cass, and Hubbard Counties, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-14T18:38:18.607962","indexId":"wri894136","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4136","title":"Hydrogeology and water quality of glacial-drift aquifers in the Bemidji-Bagley area, Beltrami, Clearwater, Cass, and Hubbard Counties, Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>Unconfined and the upper confined aquifers in glacial drift are the primary sources of water in a 1,600 square-mile area including parts of Beltrami, Cass, Clearwater, and Hubbard Counties, Minnesota. The unconfineddrift aquifer consists of coarse sand and gravel in the center of the study area. The total area underlain by the unconfined-drift aquifer is approximately 550 square miles. The unconfined aquifer ranges in thickness from 0 to 130 feet, and is greater than 20 feet thick over an area of 280 square miles. On the basis of scant data, the transmissivity of the unconfined aquifer ranges from less than 70 feet squared per day in the south and west to greater than 8,900 feet squared per day in an area west of Bemidji. Well yields from 10 to 300 gallons per minute are possible in some areas. The unconfined and upper confined-drift aquifers are separated by a fine-grained confining unit of till or lake deposits.</p>\n<p>The thickness of the upper confined-drift aquifer ranges from 0 to 60 feet in the Bemidji area. On the basis of specific-capacity and aquifer-thickness data, and results of model simulations, the transmissivity of the upper confined-drift aquifer ranges from less than 100 feet squared per day in the south and west parts of the aquifer to about 12,800 feet squared per day in the area around Bemidji. Well yields of 10 to 2,100 gallons per minute are possible in some areas.</p>\n<p>The direction of ground-water flow in both unconfined and upper confineddrift aquifers is toward the Mississippi and Clearwater Rivers. These rivers are the major discharge points for both aquifers. Ground-water divides, which separate the ground-water flow systems that discharge to these rivers, are approximately coincidental with surface-water divides between the rivers.</p>\n<p>Water from both aquifers generally is of the calcium bicarbonate type and is very hard, averaging 309 and 267 milligrams per liter as CaCO<sub>3</sub> from confined and unconfined-drift aquifers, respectively. Water from both aquifers generally is suitable for drinking, crop irrigation, and most other uses. Concentrations of ammonia, boron, chromium, iron, manganese, and phenols, however, locally exceed recommended limits for drinking water (Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, 1988). Longer residence time and leakage through glacial till is believed to cause higher concentrations of common inorganic constituents in water from confined-drift aquifers than concentrations in water from the unconfined-drift aquifer. Elevated concentrations of nutrients, chloride, and phenols in the unconfined-drift aquifer may be related to land-use practices.</p>\n<p>Statistical comparisons of common chemical constituents in water from wells completed in the unconfined-drift aquifer in several land-use areas suggest that concentrations of many constituents and physical properties are generally greater for wells in areas of commercial and residential land-use than for wells in areas of agriculture or forest land-use. These constituents include ammonia plus organic nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, sodium, potassium, chloride, sulfate, silica, dissolved solids, and specific conductances. The mean values of ammonia nitrogen, magnesium, and fluoride are generally greater for wells in commercial land-use type areas than for wells in forested and agricultural land-use type areas. The mean concentration of nitrogen (N0<sub>2</sub> + NO<sub>3</sub>, dissolved) is generally greater for wells in residential land-use type areas than for wells in forested and agricultural land-use type areas.</p>\n<p>The Kruskil-Wallis test, a nonparametric that for 12 of the 21 constituents sampled in groups in the unconfined-drift aquifer, a of these constituents and land use was found statistical technique, indicated common in all land-use type relation between the concentration to be statistically significant.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri894136","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources and the Bemedji-Bagley Ground-Water Study Steering Committee","usgsCitation":"Stark, J., Busch, J.P., and Deters, M.H., 1991, Hydrogeology and water quality of glacial-drift aquifers in the Bemidji-Bagley area, Beltrami, Clearwater, Cass, and Hubbard Counties, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4136, x, 135 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894136.","productDescription":"x, 135 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":414117,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47226.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":58731,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4136/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":121873,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4136/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","county":"Beltrami County, Cass County, Clearwater County, Hubbard County","otherGeospatial":"Bemidji-Bagley area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -95.5294,\n              47.6906\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.5294,\n              47.12\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.4133,\n              47.12\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.4133,\n              47.6906\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.5294,\n              47.6906\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db6251fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stark, J. R.","contributorId":100406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stark","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Busch, J. P.","contributorId":54256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busch","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Deters, M. H.","contributorId":60277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deters","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":29061,"text":"wri894129 - 1990 - Ground-water levels and quality at Crex Meadows Wildlife Area, Burnett County, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-27T19:40:03.558899","indexId":"wri894129","displayToPublicDate":"2022-07-23T12:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89–4129","displayTitle":"Ground-Water Levels and Quality at Crex Meadows Wildlife Area, Burnett County, Wisconsin","title":"Ground-water levels and quality at Crex Meadows Wildlife Area, Burnett County, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"<p>During 1984, above-normal ground-water levels flooded the fields and basements in the vicinity of the Crex Meadows Wildlife Area. In response to concerns of neighboring farmers and homeowners, the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources and the U.S. Geological Survey began a cooperative study to assess ground-water conditions in the area and to determine the causes of above-normal ground-water levels in and around the Crex Meadows Wildlife Area.</p><p>Data from an inventory of water levels in the Crex Meadows area measured in 1935 and 1937 were compared with data collected in 1986 and 1987. The comparison indicates that 1986 water levels were 5 to 10 feet higher throughout the area than in 1935 and 1937. Water levels declined about 5 feet throughout much of the area during 1987 and were only 0–5 feet higher than in the late 1930's. Hydrographs of water levels measured from 1985 to the fall of 1987 also indicate that water levels rose in 1985 and 1986 and fell abruptly in 1987.</p><p>Water levels in two wells, one in northern Burnett County and the other in Polk County, were compared to those in the wildlife area to determine whether the wetland impoundments contributed significantly to above-normal water levels measured in 1986 or whether levels were high throughout northwestern Wisconsin. Water-levels at long-term observation wells Bt-2 (1936–present) and Pk-40 (1951–present) (13 miles northeast and 20 miles southeast of Crex Meadows, respectively) during 1986 were the highest of record.</p><p>Long-term discharge records for the St. Croix River upstream (Danbury) and downstream (St. Croix Falls) from Crex Meadows indicate that the river reached its highest historical discharge volume during 1986.</p><p>Hydrographs showing cumulative departure from mean annual precipitation at two stations (Danbury and St. Croix Falls) indicate that the above-normal ground-water levels in 1986 were preceded by several years of above-normal precipitation. It is probable that the above-normal ground-water levels and surface- water discharge throughout the area can be attributed to above-normal precipitation. Groundwater- level fluctuations corresponded directly to variations in precipitation during 1985–87.</p><p>Chemical analyses of water samples from 20 observation wells indicate that calcium and bicarbonate are the predominant ions in ground water in the Crex Meadows area. Iron concentrations ranged from 45 to 45,000 micrograms per liter, and 17 of 20 samples exceeded the 300-micrograms-per-liter recommended drinking-water standard of the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri894129","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Patterson, G.L., 1990, Ground-water levels and quality at Crex Meadows Wildlife Area, Burnett County, Wisconsin (ver. 2.0, July 2022): U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89–4129, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894129.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 19 p.","numberOfPages":"23","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503576,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47224.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":404377,"rank":4,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4129/versionHist.txt","size":"4.0 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"WRIR 89–4129 version history"},{"id":387158,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4129/wrir894129.pdf","text":"Report","size":"675 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRIR 89–4129"},{"id":387157,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4129/coverthb3.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Burnett County","otherGeospatial":"Crex Meadows Wildlife Area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -92.79911041259766,\n              45.74931859146165\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.79911041259766,\n              45.8536734968093\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.6202392578125,\n              45.8536734968093\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.6202392578125,\n              45.74931859146165\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.79911041259766,\n              45.74931859146165\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: January 1990; Version 2.0: July 2022","contact":"<p>Director, <a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/umid-water\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/umid-water\">Upper Midwest Water Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>8505 Research Way<br>Middleton, WI 53562</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Ground-water levels</li><li>Ground-water quality</li><li>Summary and conclusions</li><li>References</li><li>Errata</li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":15,"text":"Madison PSC"},"publishedDate":"1990-01-01","revisedDate":"2022-07-25","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db66881d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Patterson, G. L.","contributorId":35356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patterson","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":200883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29832,"text":"wri904143 - 1990 - Hydrologic effects of well-field operations in a wetland, Dade County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-13T15:00:06.816128","indexId":"wri904143","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-13T11:05:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-4143","title":"Hydrologic effects of well-field operations in a wetland, Dade County, Florida","docAbstract":"Water-level, canal stage and discharge, and rainfall data collected in a wetland in Dade County, Florida, were analyzed to determine the effects of pumping at the Northwest Well Field on water levels in the wetland. The Northwest Well Field is the first major well field in south Florida to be operated in a wetland, away from saltwater intrusion and the potential for contamination caused by urbanization.\r\n\r\nDuration curves were used to analyze trends in water levels for seven observation wells near the Northwest Well Field. One observation well is 5.5 miles north of the well field, three wells are outside the cone of depression of the well field, and three are within the cone of depression. The water level data were analyzed for four time periods that were determined by a double-mass analysis of cumulative rainfall and cumulative canal discharge. Before 1984, water levels in all seven wells were above land surface 25 to 50 percent of the time. Since the well field began operating in 1984, water levels in the three wells within the cone of depression have been above land surface less than 1 percent of the time. Water levels at the four wells outside the cone of depression showed no effect from pumping at the well field.\r\n\r\nWater levels have declined in 30 percent of the 65- square mile study area since the well field began operating. In 15 percent of the area, water levels have been lowered below land surface.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri904143","usgsCitation":"Sonenshein, R., and Hofstetter, R.H., 1990, Hydrologic effects of well-field operations in a wetland, Dade County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4143, iv, 16 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri904143.","productDescription":"iv, 16 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":58629,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4143/wri904143.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.86 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 90-4143"},{"id":124058,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4143/report-thumb.jpg"}],"contact":"<p><a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/car-fl-water\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/car-fl-water\">Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>3321 College Avenue<br>Davie, FL 33314</p><p><a href=\"../contact\" data-mce-href=\"../contact\">Contact Pubs Warehouse</a></p>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1be4b07f02db606f0f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sonenshein, R.S.","contributorId":10415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sonenshein","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hofstetter, Ronald H.","contributorId":51335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hofstetter","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":13532,"text":"Department of Biology, University of Miami","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":202209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":26567,"text":"wri904135 - 1990 - A method to estimate canal leakage to the Biscayne Aquifer, Dade County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-14T12:11:38.515462","indexId":"wri904135","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-13T11:05:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-4135","title":"A method to estimate canal leakage to the Biscayne Aquifer, Dade County, Florida","docAbstract":"The leakage characteristics of channels that partially penetrate the Biscayne aquifer and have reduced bed permeability were studied. Leakage characteristics were described in terms of a reach transmissivity-defined as the volume flow rate out of the channel per unit length of the channel per unit drawdown, where drawdown is defined as the difference in altitude between the water surface in the canal and the water table in the adjacent aquifer. A theoretical expression was developed to relate the reach transmissivity to the transmissivity of the formation, mean channel width, distance of drawdown measurement from the channel centerline, ratio of drawdowns on both sides of the channel, and local reach transmissivity associated with reduced bed permeability. This theoretical expression was verified using a fine-scale numerical model, which gave accurate results when drawdowns were measured beyond 10 aquifer depths from the side of the channel. Using the theoretical formulation, it is shown that the reach transmissivity employed in regional ground-water models, which are based on average drawdowns within a cell, depends on the size of the cell as well as the transmissivity of the formation, channel width, and local reach transmissivity due to reduced bed permeability.\r\n\r\nThe theoretical reach transmissivity function was compared with field measurements at L-31N Canal and Snapper Creek Extension Canal in Dade County, Florida. Analyses of the data for both canals showed good agreement between the estimated and measured reach transmissivities. At L- 31N Canal, field measurements indicated that the local reach transmissivity was relatively uniform over a 2-mile reach of the channel (averaging 630 cubic feet per second per mile per foot), and the formation transmissivity was 1.8 x106 feet squared per day. At Snapper Creek Extension Canal, an approximate analysis was necessary due to the inability of the acoustic velocity meter to measure very low water velocities in the channel. Assuming an aquifer transmissivity of 1 x 106 feet squared per day, drawdown measurements indicated that the local reach transmissivity was about 400 cubic feet per second per mile per foot. The theoretical relation, combined with the local reach transmissivity and formation transmissivity, was sufficient to predict the leakage out of L-31N Canal and Snapper Creek Extension Canal for any drawdown scenario.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri904135","usgsCitation":"Chin, D., 1990, A method to estimate canal leakage to the Biscayne Aquifer, Dade County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4135, v, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri904135.","productDescription":"v, 32 p.","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":55432,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4135/wri904135.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.38 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 90-4135"},{"id":124732,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4135/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Dade County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.57373046875,\n              25.31423555219758\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.771728515625,\n              25.31423555219758\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.771728515625,\n              26.23430203240673\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.57373046875,\n              26.23430203240673\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.57373046875,\n              25.31423555219758\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p><a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/car-fl-water\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/car-fl-water\">Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>3321 College Avenue<br>Davie, FL 33314</p><p><a href=\"../contact\" data-mce-href=\"../contact\">Contact Pubs Warehouse</a></p>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a48e4b07f02db623819","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chin, D.A.","contributorId":40632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chin","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":28665,"text":"wri904115 - 1990 - Water-resources potential of the freshwater lens at Key West, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-14T12:10:52.107661","indexId":"wri904115","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-13T11:05:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-4115","title":"Water-resources potential of the freshwater lens at Key West, Florida","docAbstract":"The island of Key West lies at the end of the Florida Keys, about 150 miles southwest of Miami. The public-water supply for the island is provided by the Florida Keys Aqueduct Authority Well Field near Miami. However, there are many privately owned wells on the island that tap the local fresh ground-water lens for potable and nonpotable water supply. The number of people who use water from the wells for drinking purposes is unknown.\r\n\r\nFrom 1985 to 1988, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the South Florida Water Management District, conducted an investigation to characterize the Key West freshwater lens. Observation wells were drilled to determine the extent of the lens and to characterize the water quality. Previous well logs and well-core data collected during the investigation showed the aquifer to be a highly permeable, porous, solution-riddled, oolitic limestone that allows rainfall recharge to quickly seep into the ocean and saltwater to easily intrude the aquifer.\r\n\r\nThe small freshwater lens (250 milligrams per liter of chloride concentration, or less) averages 5 feet in thickness below the center of the western half (Old Town) of the island. The lens contains about 20 million gallons of fresh-water during the dry season and about 30 million gallons during the wet season. Underlying the freshwater lens is a transition zone of freshwater-saltwater mix that extends to the saltwater interface (19,000 milligrams per liter of chloride concentration), which is about 40-feet deep at the center of the lens. The water table fluctuates and the configuration of the lens constantly changes, largely as a result of tidal effects. Other events, such as rainfall, pumping, and evapotranspiration, are masked by the tidal effects.\r\n\r\nThe freshwater lens is a calcium bicarbonate water that grades to a sodium chloride type near the saltwater interface. Elevated concentrations of nitrate nitrogen were found in water samples from wells in the Old Town district. However, concentrations generally were not above the maximum contaminant level of 10 milligrams per liter for drinking water established by the Florida Department of Environmental Regulation. Water samples near an old land-fill in the eastern half of the island had concentrations of iron (600-1,900 micrograms per liter) and lead (40-800 micrograms per liter) that extended maximum contaminant levels of 300 and 50 micrograms per liter. These trace-element concentrations generally decreased with distance from the landfill.\r\n\r\nAlthough the freshwater lens is a potential source of water for additional nonpotable water needs in Key West, any large-scale pumping could quickly exhaust the freshwater lens, and saline water could be rapidly drawn though the porous limestone aquifer. Water-quality data indicate that the lens is an unlikely source of potable water.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri904115","usgsCitation":"McKenzie, D., 1990, Water-resources potential of the freshwater lens at Key West, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4115, iv, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri904115.","productDescription":"iv, 24 p.","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":57505,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4115/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"882 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 90-4115"},{"id":124359,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4115/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","city":"Key West","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.11181640625,\n              24.44714958973082\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.39770507812499,\n              24.44714958973082\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.39770507812499,\n              24.766784522874453\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.11181640625,\n              24.766784522874453\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.11181640625,\n              24.44714958973082\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p><a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/car-fl-water\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/car-fl-water\">Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>3321 College Avenue<br>Davie, FL 33314</p><p><a href=\"../contact\" data-mce-href=\"../contact\">Contact Pubs Warehouse</a></p>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4df1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKenzie, D.J.","contributorId":75134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenzie","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":54656,"text":"wdrMDDE902 - 1990 - Water resources data Maryland and Delaware, water year 1990, volume 2: Monongahela and Potomac River Basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-22T19:39:06.782465","indexId":"wdrMDDE902","displayToPublicDate":"2021-01-22T14:50:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"MD-DE-90-2","displayTitle":"Water Resources Data Maryland and Delaware, Water Year 1990, Volume 2. Monongahela and Potomac River Basins","title":"Water resources data Maryland and Delaware, water year 1990, volume 2: Monongahela and Potomac River Basins","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrMDDE902","usgsCitation":"James, R., Hornlein, J., Simmons, R., and Smigaj, M., 1990, Water resources data Maryland and Delaware, water year 1990, volume 2: Monongahela and Potomac River Basins: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report MD-DE-90-2, 246 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrMDDE902.","productDescription":"246 p.","costCenters":[{"id":41514,"text":"Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia  Water Science 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,{"id":54655,"text":"wdrMDDE901 - 1990 - Water resources data Maryland and Delaware, water year 1990, Volume 1. Atlantic Slope Basins, Delaware River through Patuxent River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-22T19:38:30.759149","indexId":"wdrMDDE901","displayToPublicDate":"2021-01-22T14:50:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"MD-DE-90-1","displayTitle":"Water Resources Data Maryland and Delaware, Water Year 1990, Volume 1. Atlantic Slope Basins, Delaware River through Patuxent River","title":"Water resources data Maryland and Delaware, water year 1990, Volume 1. Atlantic Slope Basins, Delaware River through Patuxent River","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrMDDE901","usgsCitation":"James, R., Hornlein, J., Strain, B., and Smigaj, M., 1990, Water resources data Maryland and Delaware, water year 1990, Volume 1. 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 \"}}]}","contact":"<p><a href=\"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/contact\" data-mce-href=\"../contact\">Contact Pubs Warehouse</a></p>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb72e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"James, R.W.","contributorId":70434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"James","given":"R.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hornlein, J.F.","contributorId":102554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hornlein","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Strain, B.F.","contributorId":76388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strain","given":"B.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smigaj, M.J.","contributorId":17682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smigaj","given":"M.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70194853,"text":"70194853 - 1990 - Underwater research methods for study of nuclear bomb craters, Enewetak, Marshall Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-23T16:10:42","indexId":"70194853","displayToPublicDate":"2018-01-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Underwater research methods for study of nuclear bomb craters, Enewetak, Marshall Islands","docAbstract":"<p><span>Three craters, created by the explosion of nuclear fusion devices, were mapped, sampled, core drilled and excavated with airlifts at Enewetak Atoll in the Marshall Islands by using scuba and a research submersible. The craters studied were Mike, Oak, and Koa. Tests took place near sea level at the transition between lithified reef flat and unlithified lagoonal sediments, where water depth ranged from 1 to 4 m. Craters produced by the blasts ranged from 30 to 60 m in depth. The purpose of our study was to determine crater diameter and depth immediately after detonation. Observations of submerged roadways and testing structures and upturned crater rims similar to those characteristic of meteor impacts indicate that the initial, or transient, craters were smaller than their present size. At some later time, while the area was too radioactive for direct examination, the sides of the craters slumped owing to dewatering of under lying pulverized rock. Core drilling of crater margins with a diver-operated hydraulic coring device provided additional data. On the seaward margin of the atoll, opposite Mike, a large portion of the atoll rim approximately the size of a city block had slumped into the deep ocean, leaving a clean vertical rock section more than 400m high. An abundance of aggressive grey reef sharks displaying classic territorial behavior prevented use of scuba at the Mike slump site. The two-person submersible R.V. Delta provided protection and allowed observations down to 300 m. During the 6-week period of study, we made more than 300 scuba and 275 submersible dives. Mapping was with side scan sonar and continuous video sweeps supplemented by tape-recorded verbal descriptions made from within the submersible. A mini-ranger navigation system linked to the submersible allowed plotting of bottom features, depth and sediment type with spatial accuracy to within 2 m.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Academy of Underwater Sciences","usgsCitation":"Shinn, E., Halley, R., Kindinger, J., Hudson, J., and Slate, R., 1990, Underwater research methods for study of nuclear bomb craters, Enewetak, Marshall Islands, p. 327-344.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"327","endPage":"344","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350552,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a6857f5e4b06e28e9c65f4c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shinn, E.A.","contributorId":38610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shinn","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Halley, R.B.","contributorId":198913,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Halley","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kindinger, J. L.","contributorId":38983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kindinger","given":"J. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hudson, J.H.","contributorId":102505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Slate, R.A.","contributorId":201470,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Slate","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70198473,"text":"70198473 - 1990 - Pesticide and PCB residues for loggerhead shrikes in the Shenandoah Valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-03T14:00:04","indexId":"70198473","displayToPublicDate":"2018-01-01T13:57:53","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1103,"text":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pesticide and PCB residues for loggerhead shrikes in the Shenandoah Valley","docAbstract":"<p>The decline in loggerhead shrike (<i>Lanius ludovicianus</i>) populations is widespread and coincides with the use of organochlorines that began in the late 1940's and increased until the 1970's (Morrison 1981; Robbins et al. 1986; Tate 1986). An inhabitant of farmland areas, loggerhead shrikes prey on invertebrates and small vertebrates (Bent 1950), and thus risk exposure to pesticides and other agricultural chemicals. The role of contaminants in the decline of loggerhead shrikes has only been partially assessed (Busbee 1977; Anderson and Duzan 1978; Morrison 1979; Rudd et al. 1981). Studies of the nesting and winter ecology of loggerhead shrikes (Luukkonen 1987; Blumton 1989) during 1985-88 in the Shenandoah Valley, Virginia provided the opportunity to collect eggs and carcasses for contaminant residue analysis. In this paper we provide pesticide and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) residue data for eggs and carcasses collected.</p>","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01700988","usgsCitation":"Blumton, A.K., Fraser, J., Young, R., Goodbred, S., Porter, S., and Luukkonen, D., 1990, Pesticide and PCB residues for loggerhead shrikes in the Shenandoah Valley: Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 45, no. 5, p. 697-702, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01700988.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"697","endPage":"702","costCenters":[{"id":37280,"text":"Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center ","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356149,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Shenandoah Valley","volume":"45","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c112564e4b034bf6a81e5b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blumton, A. K.","contributorId":53491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blumton","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fraser, J.D.","contributorId":68842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fraser","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Young, R.W.","contributorId":206729,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Young","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Goodbred, S. 0000-0001-7626-9864 sgoodbred@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7626-9864","contributorId":194510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goodbred","given":"S.","email":"sgoodbred@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":741568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Porter, S.L.","contributorId":41171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porter","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Luukkonen, D.L.","contributorId":206730,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Luukkonen","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70179968,"text":"70179968 - 1990 - Ground-water conditions in Utah, spring of 1990","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-20T15:17:29","indexId":"70179968","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":110,"text":"Cooperative Investigations Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"30","title":"Ground-water conditions in Utah, spring of 1990","docAbstract":"<p>This is the twenty-seventh in a series of annual reports that describe ground-water conditions in Utah. Reports in this series, published cooperatively by the U.S. Geological Survey and the Utah Division of Water Resources, provide data to enable interested parties to keep abreast of changing ground-water conditions.</p><p>This report, like the others in the series, contains information on well construction, ground-water withdrawal from wells, water-level changes, related changes in precipitation and streamflow, and chemical quality of water. Supplementary data such as graphs showing chemical quality of water and maps showing water-level contours are included in reports of this series only for those years or areas for which applicable data are available and are important to a discussion of changing ground-water conditions.</p><p>This report includes individual discussions of selected major areas of ground-water development in the State for the calendar year 1989. Water-level fluctuations and selected related data, however, are described from the spring of 1989 to the spring of 1990. Much of the data used in this report were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Division of Water Rights, Utah Department of Natural Resources.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Resources","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Utah, Division of Water Resources and Division of Water Rights","usgsCitation":"Herbert, L.R., Smith, G.J., Kariya, K.A., Eads, J.P., Allen, D., Stolp, B., Brooks, L.E., Garrett, R., Brothers, W., Puchta, R.W., Swenson, R., Emett, D.C., Overman, W., and Sandberg, G.W., 1990, Ground-water conditions in Utah, spring of 1990: Cooperative Investigations Report 30, vii, 84 p.","productDescription":"vii, 84 p.","numberOfPages":"92","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333619,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.waterrights.utah.gov/cgi-bin/libview.exe?Modinfo=Viewpub&LIBNUM=50-1-175"},{"id":333620,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5883303be4b0d00231637820","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Herbert, L. R.","contributorId":39865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herbert","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, G. J.","contributorId":80767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kariya, Kim A.","contributorId":177522,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kariya","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eads, James P.","contributorId":178506,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eads","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Allen, D.V.","contributorId":6129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"D.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stolp, Bert","contributorId":178507,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stolp","given":"Bert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Brooks, Lynette E. 0000-0002-9074-0939 lebrooks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9074-0939","contributorId":2718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Lynette","email":"lebrooks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":659339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Garrett, R. B.","contributorId":35810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrett","given":"R. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Brothers, W.C.","contributorId":56671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brothers","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Puchta, R. W","contributorId":177482,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Puchta","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Swenson, R.L.","contributorId":178508,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Swenson","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Emett, D. C.","contributorId":21213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emett","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Overman, W.R.","contributorId":178509,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Overman","given":"W.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Sandberg, G. W.","contributorId":55426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandberg","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}}
,{"id":70179025,"text":"70179025 - 1990 - Ground-water resources and simulated effects of withdrawals in the East Shore area of Great Salt Lake, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-13T14:09:30","indexId":"70179025","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":294,"text":"Technical Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"93","title":"Ground-water resources and simulated effects of withdrawals in the East Shore area of Great Salt Lake, Utah","docAbstract":"<p>The ground-water resources in the East Shore area of Great Salt Lake, Utah, were studied to better define the ground-water system; to document changes in ground-water levels, quality, and storage; and to simulate effects of an increase in ground-water withdrawals. The East Shore aquifer system is in basin-fill deposits, and is primarily a confined system with unconfined parts near the mountain front.</p><p>Recharge to and discharge from the East Shore aquifer system were estimated to average about 160,000 acre-feet per year during 1969-84, with minor amounts of water being removed from storage during that period. &nbsp;Major sources of ground-water recharge are seepage from surface water in natural channels and irrigation canals, and subsurface inflow from consolidated rock to the basin-fill deposits. Discharge of ground water is primarily to wells, water courses, springs, and as diffuse seepage to Great Salt Lake. Average annual surface-water inflow to the study area was estimated to be 860,000 acre-feet for the period 1969-84. Annual withdrawal of ground water for municipal and industrial use increased from about 10,000 acre-feet in 1960 to more than 30,000 acre-feet in 1980 to supply a population that increased from 175,000 in 1960 to 290,000 in 1980.</p><p>Long-term trends of ground-water levels indicate a steady decline at most observation wells since 1952, despite near normal or increased precipitation since the late 1960's.&nbsp; Water levels declined as much as 50 feet near the principal pumping center in the east-central part of the study area. They declined as much as 35 feet more than five miles from the pumping center. &nbsp;The increase in withdrawals and subsequent water-level declines have caused about 700 wells within 30 square miles to cease flowing since 1954.</p><p>A numerical model of the East Shore aquifer system in the Weber Delta area was constructed and calibrated using water-level data and changes in ground-water withdrawals for 1955-85. Predictive simulations were made based on doubling the 1980-84 rate of municipal and industrial withdrawals for 20 years, and using both average and below-average recharge rates. The simulations indicated water-level declines of an additional 35 to 50 feet near the principal pumping center; a decrease in natural discharge to drains, evapotranspiration, and Great Salt Lake; and a decrease in ground-water storage of 80,000 to 115,000 acre-feet after 20 years.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","collaboration":"Prepared by the United State Geological Survey in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources Division of Water Rights","usgsCitation":"Clark, D.W., Appel, C.L., Lambert, P.M., and Puryear, R.L., 1990, Ground-water resources and simulated effects of withdrawals in the East Shore area of Great Salt Lake, Utah: Technical Publication 93, xi, 150 p.","productDescription":"xi, 150 p.","numberOfPages":"160","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332058,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":332056,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.waterrights.utah.gov/cgi-bin/libview.exe?Modinfo=Viewpub&LIBNUM=20-6-330"},{"id":332057,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://waterrights.utah.gov/docSys/v920/y920/y9200002.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Box Elder County, Davis County, Weber County","otherGeospatial":"East Shore Area, Great Salt Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -112.39013671875,\n              40.65563874006118\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.39013671875,\n              41.430371882652814\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.5277099609375,\n              41.430371882652814\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.5277099609375,\n              40.65563874006118\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.39013671875,\n              40.65563874006118\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"585116bee4b08138bf1abd6c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, David W.","contributorId":77146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Appel, Cynthia L.","contributorId":34509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Appel","given":"Cynthia","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lambert, Patrick M. 0000-0001-6808-2303 plambert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6808-2303","contributorId":349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lambert","given":"Patrick","email":"plambert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":38131,"text":"WMA - Office of Planning and Programming","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":655812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Puryear, Robert L.","contributorId":85191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puryear","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70179027,"text":"70179027 - 1990 - Base of moderately saline ground water in San Juan County, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-13T14:50:45","indexId":"70179027","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":294,"text":"Technical Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"94","title":"Base of moderately saline ground water in San Juan County, Utah","docAbstract":"<p>The base of moderately saline ground water (water that contains from 3,000 to 10,000 milligrams per liter of dissolved solids) was delineated for San Juan County, Utah, based on water-quality data and on formation-water resistivities determined from geophysical well logs using the resistivity-porosity, spontaneous-potential, and resistivity-ratio methods. These data and the contour map developed from them show that a thick layer of very saline to briny ground water (water that contains more than 10,000 milligrams per liter of dissolved solids) underlies the eastern two-thirds of San Juan County. The upper surface of this layer is affected by the geologic structure of the area, but it may be modified locally by recharge mounds of less saline water and by vertical leakage of water through transmissive faults and fractures. The highest altitude of the base of moderately saline water is west of the Abajo Mountains where it is more than 6,500 feet above sea level. The lowest altitude is in the western part of the county and is below sea level: depressions in the base of moderately saline water in recharge areas in the La Sal and Abajo Mountains also may be that low. The base of moderately saline water commonly is in the Permian Cutler Formation or the Pennsylvanian Honaker Trail Formation of the Hermosa Group, but locally may be as high stratigraphically as the Triassic (?) and Jurassic Navajo Sandstone north of the Abajo Mountains and in the Jurassic Morrison Formation south of the mountains.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","collaboration":"Prepared by the United State Geological Survey in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources Division of Oil, Gas and Mining","usgsCitation":"Howells, L., 1990, Base of moderately saline ground water in San Juan County, Utah: Technical Publication 94, iv, 35.","productDescription":"iv, 35","numberOfPages":"40","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science 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