Toll Gate Creek is a perennial stream draining a suburban area in Aurora, Colorado, where selenium concentrations have consistently exceeded the State of Colorado aquatic-life standard for selenium of 4.6 micrograms per liter since the early 2000s. In cooperation with the City of Aurora, Colorado, Utilities Department, a synoptic water-quality study was performed along an 18-kilometer reach of Toll Gate Creek extending from downstream from Quincy Reservoir to the confluence with Sand Creek to develop a detailed understanding of streamflow and concentrations and loads of selenium in Toll Gate Creek. Streamflow and surface-water quality were characterized for summer low-flow conditions (July–August 2007) using four spatially overlapping synoptic-sampling subreaches. Mass-balance methods were applied to the synoptic-sampling and tracer-injection results to estimate streamflow and develop spatial profiles of concentration and load for selenium and other chemical constituents in Toll Gate Creek surface water. Concurrent groundwater sampling determined concentrations of selenium and other chemical constituents in groundwater in areas surrounding the Toll Gate Creek study reaches. Multivariate principal-component analysis was used to group samples and to suggest common sources for dissolved selenium and major ions. Hydrogen and oxygen stable-isotope ratios, groundwater-age interpretations, and chemical analysis of water-soluble paste extractions from core samples are presented, and interpretation of the hydrologic and geochemical data support conclusions regarding geologic sources of selenium and the processes affecting selenium loading in the Toll Gate Creek watershed.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125280","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Aurora, Colorado, Utilities Department","usgsCitation":"Paschke, S.S., Runkel, R.L., Walton-Day, K., Kimball, B.A., and Schaffrath, K.R., 2013, Streamflow and water-quality conditions including geologic sources and processes affecting selenium loading in the Toll Gate Creek watershed, Aurora, Arapahoe County, Colorado, 2007: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5280, ix, 108 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125280.","productDescription":"ix, 108 p.","numberOfPages":"121","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2007-07-01","temporalEnd":"2007-08-31","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274045,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20125280.gif"},{"id":274043,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5280/"},{"id":274044,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5280/SIR12-5280_508.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Arapahoe County","city":"Aurora","otherGeospatial":"Toll Gate Creek","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.8848,39.551 ], [ -104.8848,39.8267 ], [ -104.4889,39.8267 ], [ -104.4889,39.551 ], [ -104.8848,39.551 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c42213e4b03c77dce65a2b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paschke, Suzanne S.","contributorId":14072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paschke","given":"Suzanne","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Runkel, Robert L. 0000-0003-3220-481X runkel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3220-481X","contributorId":685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkel","given":"Robert","email":"runkel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walton-Day, Katherine 0000-0002-9146-6193","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9146-6193","contributorId":68339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walton-Day","given":"Katherine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kimball, Briant A. bkimball@usgs.gov","contributorId":533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimball","given":"Briant","email":"bkimball@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schaffrath, Keelin R.","contributorId":7552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaffrath","given":"Keelin","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70043600,"text":"70043600 - 2013 - Effects of depletion sampling by standard three-pass pulsed DC electrofishing on blood chemistry parameters of fishes from Appalachian streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-20T12:17:55","indexId":"70043600","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of depletion sampling by standard three-pass pulsed DC electrofishing on blood chemistry parameters of fishes from Appalachian streams","docAbstract":"Adverse effects on fishes captured by electrofishing techniques have long been recognized, although the extent of associated physical injury and behavioral alterations are highly variable and dependent on a number of factors. We examined the effects of three-pass pulsed DC (PDC) electrofishing on two salmonid species (Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis) and five other genera (Green Sunfish Lepomis cyanellus, Potomac Sculpin Cottus girardi, Fathead Minnow Pimephales promelas, Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides, and Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus) common to Appalachian streams. We examined the corresponding effects of PDC electroshock on the following physiological indicators of stress and trauma: blood glucose and serum lactate, as well as on other blood chemistry, namely, enzymes, electrolytes, minerals, and proteins. All species demonstrated physiological responses to PDC electroshock, indicated by the biochemical differences in blood parameters in unshocked and shocked groups of fish with or without gross evidence of hemorrhagic trauma. Serum lactate was the most consistent indicator of these effects. Significant differences in whole blood glucose levels were also noted in treatment groups in all species except Green Sunfish, although the patterns observed were not as consistent as for serum lactate. Elevations in the serum enzymes, aspartate aminotransferase and creatine kinase, in the electroshocked fish occurred only in the two salmonid species. In many instances, although blood parameters were elevated in electroshocked fish compared with the unshocked controls for a given species, there were no differences in those levels in electroshocked fish based on the presence of gross hemorrhagic trauma to axial musculature. While some of the blood parameters examined correlated with both the occurrence of electroshock and the resultant tissue injury, there was no apparent link between the altered blood chemistry and increased mortality 30 d after electrofishing.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02755947.2012.758203","usgsCitation":"Densmore, C.L., and Panek, F., 2013, Effects of depletion sampling by standard three-pass pulsed DC electrofishing on blood chemistry parameters of fishes from Appalachian streams: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 33, no. 2, p. 298-306, https://doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2012.758203.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"298","endPage":"306","ipdsId":"IP-042452","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274034,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274033,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2012.758203"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Appalachian Mountains","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -87.4,32.9 ], [ -87.4,49.1 ], [ -64.5,49.1 ], [ -64.5,32.9 ], [ -87.4,32.9 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"33","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-03-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c42210e4b03c77dce65a07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Densmore, Christine L. 0000-0001-6440-0781 cdensmore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6440-0781","contributorId":4560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Densmore","given":"Christine","email":"cdensmore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Panek, Frank M.","contributorId":47268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Panek","given":"Frank M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70046165,"text":"70046165 - 2013 - Emergence flux declines disproportionately to larval density along a stream metals gradient","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-12T09:33:00","indexId":"70046165","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Emergence flux declines disproportionately to larval density along a stream metals gradient","docAbstract":"Effects of contaminants on adult aquatic insect emergence are less well understood than effects on insect larvae. We compared responses of larval density and adult emergence along a metal contamination gradient. Nonlinear threshold responses were generally observed for larvae and emergers. Larval densities decreased significantly at low metal concentrations but precipitously at concentrations of metal mixtures above aquatic life criteria (Cumulative Criterion Accumulation Ratio (CCAR) ≥ 1). In contrast, adult emergence declined precipitously at low metal concentrations (CCAR ≤ 1), followed by a modest decline above this threshold. Adult emergence was a more sensitive indicator of the effect of low metals concentrations on aquatic insect communities compared to larvae, presumably because emergence is limited by a combination of larval survival and other factors limiting successful emergence. Thus effects of exposure to larvae are not manifest until later in life (during metamorphosis and emergence). This loss in emergence reduces prey subsidies to riparian communities at concentrations considered safe for aquatic life. Our results also challenge the widely held assumption that adult emergence is a constant proportion of larval densities in all streams.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es3051857","usgsCitation":"Schmidt, T., Kraus, J.M., Walters, D., and Wanty, R.B., 2013, Emergence flux declines disproportionately to larval density along a stream metals gradient: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 47, no. 15, p. 8784-8792, https://doi.org/10.1021/es3051857.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"8784","endPage":"8792","ipdsId":"IP-045570","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274042,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274041,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es3051857"}],"volume":"47","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c42211e4b03c77dce65a0f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmidt, Travis S. 0000-0003-1400-0637 tschmidt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1400-0637","contributorId":1300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Travis S.","email":"tschmidt@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kraus, Johanna M. 0000-0002-9513-4129 jkraus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9513-4129","contributorId":4834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraus","given":"Johanna","email":"jkraus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walters, David M.","contributorId":76590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"David M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wanty, Richard B. 0000-0002-2063-6423 rwanty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2063-6423","contributorId":443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wanty","given":"Richard","email":"rwanty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70040886,"text":"70040886 - 2013 - Breeding biology of an afrotropical forest understory bird community in northeastern Tanzania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-20T12:39:51","indexId":"70040886","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3784,"text":"Wilson Journal of Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Breeding biology of an afrotropical forest understory bird community in northeastern Tanzania","docAbstract":"Many aspects of the breeding biology of Afrotropical forest birds are poorly known. Here we provide a description based on the monitoring of 1461 active nests over eight breeding seasons about one or more aspects of the breeding biology for 28 coexisting understory bird species on the Amani Plateau in the East Usambara Mountains, Tanzania. Mean nest height and mean distance of nest from forest edge varied widely among species with most species constructing nests across a broad vertical and forest edge to interior gradient. However, there were important exceptions with all sunbird species and several dove and waxbill species constructing nests in close proximity to the forest edge. For 17 common species for which we recorded two or more active nests, mean clutch size across species was 1.9 eggs per clutch, the lowest site-specific mean clutch size yet reported for a tropical forest bird community. For nine bird species, a subset of the 17 common species, length of breeding season, defined as the difference between the earliest and latest recorded incubation onset date, ranged from 88–139 days. Most of these nine species displayed a unimodal distribution in incubation onset dates across a breeding season which extended from the end of August through middle January. In summary, a wide variation exists in most aspects of the breeding biology within an understory forest bird community in the East Usambara Mountains.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wilson Journal of Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Wilson Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1676/12-138.1","usgsCitation":"Mkongewa, V.J., Newmark, W.D., and Stanley, T.R., 2013, Breeding biology of an afrotropical forest understory bird community in northeastern Tanzania: Wilson Journal of Ornithology, v. 125, no. 2, p. 260-267, https://doi.org/10.1676/12-138.1.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"260","endPage":"267","ipdsId":"IP-042347","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274032,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274031,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1676/12-138.1"}],"country":"Tanzania","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 29.3,-11.8 ], [ 29.3,-1.0 ], [ 40.4,-1.0 ], [ 40.4,-11.8 ], [ 29.3,-11.8 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"125","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c42208e4b03c77dce659ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mkongewa, Victor J.","contributorId":22656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mkongewa","given":"Victor","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Newmark, William D.","contributorId":95783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newmark","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stanley, Thomas R. 0000-0002-8393-0005 stanleyt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8393-0005","contributorId":209928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"Thomas","email":"stanleyt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70046548,"text":"70046548 - 2013 - Exploration Review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-20T11:22:48","indexId":"70046548","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Exploration Review","docAbstract":"This summary of international mineral exploration activities for 2012 draws upon information from industry sources, published literature and U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) specialists. The summary provides data on exploration budgets by region and mineral commodity, identifies significant mineral discoveries and areas of mineral exploration, discusses government programs affecting the mineral exploration industry and presents analyses of exploration activities performed by the mineral industry.\n\nThree sources of information are reported and analyzed in this annual review of international exploration for 2012: 1) budgetary statistics expressed in U.S. nominal dollars provided by SNL Metals Economics Group (MEG) of Halifax, Nova Scotia; 2) regional and site-specific exploration activities that took place in 2012 as compiled by the USGS and 3) regional events including economic, social and political conditions that affected exploration activities, which were derived from published sources and unpublished discussions with USGS and industry specialists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mining Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"SME","usgsCitation":"Wilburn, D., and Stanley, K., 2013, Exploration Review: Mining Engineering, v. 65, no. 5, p. 32-52.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"32","endPage":"52","ipdsId":"IP-044904","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274028,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274027,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://me.smenet.org/abstract.cfm?preview=1&articleID=3424&page=32"}],"volume":"65","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c42212e4b03c77dce65a17","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilburn, D.R.","contributorId":98911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilburn","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stanley, K.A.","contributorId":27342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70046546,"text":"70046546 - 2013 - Mining Review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-20T11:19:10","indexId":"70046546","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mining Review","docAbstract":"In 2012, the estimated value of mineral production increased in the United States for the third consecutive year. Production and prices increased for most industrial mineral commodities mined in the United States. While production for most metals remained relatively unchanged, with the notable exception of gold, the prices for most metals declined. Minerals remained fundamental to the U.S. economy, contributing to the real gross domestic product (GDP) at several levels, including mining, processing and manufacturing finished products. Minerals’ contribution to the GDP increased for the second consecutive year.\nTrends in other sectors of the domestic economy were similar to those in mineral production and consumption rates (Table 1). After continued decline following the 2008-2009 recession, the construction industry began to show signs of improvement late in 2011 and throughout 2012, with increased production and consumption of cement, construction sand and gravel, crushed stone and gypsum, mineral commodities that are used almost exclusively in construction.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mining Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"SME","usgsCitation":"National Minerals Information Center, 2013, Mining Review: Mining Engineering, v. 65, no. 5, p. 22-31.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"22","endPage":"31","ipdsId":"IP-044953","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274026,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274025,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://me.smenet.org/abstract.cfm?preview=1&articleID=3423&page=22"}],"volume":"65","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c42213e4b03c77dce65a27","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"National Minerals Information Center","contributorId":128203,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"National Minerals Information Center","id":535552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70046463,"text":"70046463 - 2013 - Endozoochory of seeds and invertebrates by migratory waterbirds in Oklahoma, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-20T13:28:31","indexId":"70046463","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2619,"text":"Limnetica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Endozoochory of seeds and invertebrates by migratory waterbirds in Oklahoma, USA","docAbstract":"Given their abundance and migratory behavior, waterbirds have major potential for dispersing plants and invertebrates within North America, yet their role as vectors remains poorly understood. We investigated the numbers and types of invertebrates and seeds within freshly collected faecal samples (n = 22) of migratory dabbling ducks and shorebirds in November 2008 in two parts of Lake Texoma in southern Oklahoma. Killdeer Charadrius vociferus were transporting a higher number and diversity of both plants and invertebrates than the green-winged teal Anas carolinensis. Ten plant taxa and six invertebrate taxa were identified to at least genus level, although viability was not confirmed for most of these taxa. Bryozoan statoblasts (from four species not previously recorded from Oklahoma) were especially abundant in killdeer faeces, while the ostracod Candona simpsoni was detected as a live adult in torpor in the teal faeces. Cyperaceae and Juncaceae were the most abundant plant families represented and Cyperus strigosus seeds germinated after extraction from killdeer faeces. This snapshot study underlines the importance of waterbirds as vectors of passive dispersal of many organisms and the need for more research in this discipline.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Limnetica","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Asociación Ibérica de Limnología","usgsCitation":"Green, A.J., Frisch, D., Michot, T.C., Allain, L.K., and Barrow, W., 2013, Endozoochory of seeds and invertebrates by migratory waterbirds in Oklahoma, USA: Limnetica, v. 32, no. 1, p. 39-46.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"39","endPage":"46","ipdsId":"IP-035870","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274047,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274046,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.limnetica.com/fulltext/Limnetica_32v1_2013.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -103.0,33.62 ], [ -103.0,37.0 ], [ -94.43,37.0 ], [ -94.43,33.62 ], [ -103.0,33.62 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"32","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c42211e4b03c77dce65a13","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Green, Andy J.","contributorId":30531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"Andy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frisch, Dagmar","contributorId":91004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frisch","given":"Dagmar","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Michot, Thomas C. 0000-0002-7044-987X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7044-987X","contributorId":57935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michot","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Allain, Larry K. 0000-0002-7717-9761 allainl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7717-9761","contributorId":2414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allain","given":"Larry","email":"allainl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Barrow, Wylie C. 0000-0003-4671-2823 barroww@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4671-2823","contributorId":1988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrow","given":"Wylie C.","email":"barroww@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":479697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70046217,"text":"70046217 - 2013 - Linking phenology and biomass productivity in South Dakota mixed-grass prairie","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-23T13:39:21","indexId":"70046217","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3228,"text":"Rangeland Ecology and Management","onlineIssn":"1551-5028","printIssn":"1550-7424","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Linking phenology and biomass productivity in South Dakota mixed-grass prairie","docAbstract":"Assessing the health of rangeland ecosystems based solely on annual biomass production does not fully describe plant community condition; the phenology of production can provide inferences on species composition, successional stage, and grazing impacts. We evaluate the productivity and phenology of western South Dakota mixed-grass prairie using 2000 to 2008 Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) satellite imagery at 250 m spatial resolution. Growing season NDVI images were integrated weekly to produce time-integrated NDVI (TIN), a proxy of total annual biomass production, and integrated seasonally to represent annual production by cool (C3) and warm (C4) season species. Additionally, a variety of phenological indicators including cool season percentage of TIN were derived from the seasonal profiles of NDVI. Cool season percentage and TIN were combined to generate vegetation classes, which served as proxies of plant community condition. TIN decreased with precipitation from east to west across the study area. Alternatively, cool season percentage increased from east to west, following patterns related to the reliability (interannual coefficient of variation [CV]) and quantity of mid-summer precipitation. Cool season TIN averaged 76.8% of total. Seasonal accumulation of TIN corresponded closely (R2 > 0.90) to that of gross photosynthesis data from a carbon flux tower. Field-collected biomass and community composition data were strongly related to the TIN and cool season percentage products. The patterns of vegetation classes were responsive to topographic, edaphic, and land management influences on plant communities. Accurate maps of biomass production, cool/warm season composition, and vegetation classes can improve the efficiency of land management by adjusting stocking rates and season of use to maximize rangeland productivity and achieve conservation objectives. Further, our results clarify the spatial and temporal dynamics of phenology and TIN in mixed-grass prairie.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Rangeland Ecology and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society for Range Management","doi":"10.2111/REM-D-12-00083.1","usgsCitation":"Rigge, M., Smart, A., Wylie, B., Gilmanov, T., and Johnson, P., 2013, Linking phenology and biomass productivity in South Dakota mixed-grass prairie: Rangeland Ecology and Management, v. 66, no. 5, p. 579-587, https://doi.org/10.2111/REM-D-12-00083.1.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"579","endPage":"587","numberOfPages":"8","ipdsId":"IP-039037","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473739,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10150/642745","text":"External Repository"},{"id":274001,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274000,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2111/REM-D-12-00083.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.06,42.48 ], [ -104.06,45.95 ], [ -96.44,45.95 ], [ -96.44,42.48 ], [ -104.06,42.48 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"66","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c2c4d5e4b08857aac42380","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rigge, Matthew 0000-0003-4471-8009","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4471-8009","contributorId":19457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rigge","given":"Matthew","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":479196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smart, Alexander","contributorId":24262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smart","given":"Alexander","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wylie, Bruce 0000-0002-7374-1083","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7374-1083","contributorId":107996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wylie","given":"Bruce","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gilmanov, Tagir","contributorId":6351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilmanov","given":"Tagir","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, Patricia","contributorId":16303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Patricia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70038950,"text":"70038950 - 2013 - Using structured decision making to manage disease risk for Montana wildlife","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-19T09:39:24","indexId":"70038950","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using structured decision making to manage disease risk for Montana wildlife","docAbstract":"We used structured decision-making to develop a 2-part framework to assist managers in the proactive management of disease outbreaks in Montana, USA. The first part of the framework is a model to estimate the probability of disease outbreak given field observations available to managers. The second part of the framework is decision analysis that evaluates likely outcomes of management alternatives based on the estimated probability of disease outbreak, and applies managers' values for different objectives to indicate a preferred management strategy. We used pneumonia in bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) as a case study for our approach, applying it to 2 populations in Montana that differed in their likelihood of a pneumonia outbreak. The framework provided credible predictions of both probability of disease outbreaks, as well as biological and monetary consequences of management actions. The structured decision-making approach to this problem was valuable for defining the challenges of disease management in a decentralized agency where decisions are generally made at the local level in cooperation with stakeholders. Our approach provides local managers with the ability to tailor management planning for disease outbreaks to local conditions. Further work is needed to refine our disease risk models and decision analysis, including robust prediction of disease outbreaks and improved assessment of management alternatives.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/wsb.237","usgsCitation":"Mitchell, M.S., Gude, J., Anderson, N.J., Ramsey, J.M., Thompson, M.J., Sullivan, M.G., Edwards, V.L., Gower, C.N., Cochrane, J.F., Irwin, E.R., and Walshe, T., 2013, Using structured decision making to manage disease risk for Montana wildlife: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 37, no. 1, p. 107-114, https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.237.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"107","endPage":"114","ipdsId":"IP-032329","costCenters":[{"id":399,"text":"Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":500048,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doaj.org/article/a1996aa486b74d31a9493c9a6b0ef505","text":"External Repository"},{"id":273997,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273996,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wsb.237"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.05,44.36 ], [ -116.05,49.0 ], [ -104.04,49.0 ], [ -104.04,44.36 ], [ -116.05,44.36 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"37","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c2c4d6e4b08857aac42384","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mitchell, Michael S. 0000-0002-0773-6905 mmitchel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0773-6905","contributorId":3716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"Michael","email":"mmitchel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gude, Justin A.","contributorId":95780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gude","given":"Justin A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, Neil J.","contributorId":85870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Neil","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ramsey, Jennifer M.","contributorId":88254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramsey","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thompson, Michael J.","contributorId":30899,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thompson","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6582,"text":"Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks, Missoula, Montana 59801, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":465287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sullivan, Mark G.","contributorId":100724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Edwards, Victoria L.","contributorId":90149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Victoria","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gower, Claire N.","contributorId":73487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gower","given":"Claire","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Cochrane, Jean Fitts","contributorId":92416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochrane","given":"Jean","email":"","middleInitial":"Fitts","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Irwin, Elise R. 0000-0002-6866-4976 eirwin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6866-4976","contributorId":2588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irwin","given":"Elise","email":"eirwin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":506,"text":"Office of the AD Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Walshe, Terry","contributorId":28151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walshe","given":"Terry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70046666,"text":"sir20135114 - 2013 - A model for evaluating effects of climate, water availability, and water management on wetland impoundments--a case study on Bowdoin, Long Lake, and Sand Lake National Wildlife Refuges","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-19T09:25:29","indexId":"sir20135114","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5114","title":"A model for evaluating effects of climate, water availability, and water management on wetland impoundments--a case study on Bowdoin, Long Lake, and Sand Lake National Wildlife Refuges","docAbstract":"Many wetland impoundments managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) National Wildlife Refuge System throughout the northern Great Plains rely on rivers as a primary water source. A large number of these impoundments currently are being stressed from changes in water supplies and quality, and these problems are forecast to worsen because of projected changes to climate and land use. For example, many managed wetlands in arid regions have become degraded owing to the long-term accumulation of salts and increased salinity associated with evapotranspiration. A primary goal of the USFWS is to provide aquatic habitats for a diversity of waterbirds; thus, wetland managers would benefit from a tool that facilitates evaluation of wetland habitat quality in response to current and anticipated impacts of altered hydrology and salt balances caused by factors such as climate change, water availability, and management actions.\n\nA spreadsheet model that simulates the overall water and salinity balance (WSB model) of managed wetland impoundments is presented. The WSB model depicts various habitat metrics, such as water depth, salinity, and surface areas (inundated, dry), which can be used to evaluate alternative management actions under various water-availability and climate scenarios. The WSB model uses widely available spreadsheet software, is relatively simple to use, relies on widely available inputs, and is readily adaptable to specific locations. The WSB model was validated using data from three National Wildlife Refuges with direct and indirect connections to water resources associated with rivers, and common data limitations are highlighted. The WSB model also was used to conduct simulations based on hypothetical climate and management scenarios to demonstrate the utility of the model for evaluating alternative management strategies and climate futures. The WSB model worked well across a range of National Wildlife Refuges and could be a valuable tool for USFWS staff when evaluating system state and management alternatives and establishing long-term goals and objectives.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135114","usgsCitation":"Tangen, B., Gleason, R.A., and Stamm, J., 2013, A model for evaluating effects of climate, water availability, and water management on wetland impoundments--a case study on Bowdoin, Long Lake, and Sand Lake National Wildlife Refuges: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5114, vi, 37 p.; WSB Model, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135114.","productDescription":"vi, 37 p.; WSB Model","numberOfPages":"48","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273995,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135114.jpg"},{"id":273994,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5114/WSB%20Model.xlsx"},{"id":273992,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5114/"},{"id":273993,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5114/sir2013-5114.pdf"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Bowdoin National Wildlife Refuge;Long Lake National Wildlife Refuge;Sand Lake National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.8,45.6 ], [ -107.8,48.533333 ], [ -98.0,48.533333 ], [ -98.0,45.6 ], [ -107.8,45.6 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c2c4cde4b08857aac42378","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tangen, Brian A.","contributorId":78419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tangen","given":"Brian A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gleason, Robert A. 0000-0001-5308-8657 rgleason@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5308-8657","contributorId":2402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gleason","given":"Robert","email":"rgleason@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stamm, John F. 0000-0002-3404-2933 jstamm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3404-2933","contributorId":2859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stamm","given":"John F.","email":"jstamm@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":479956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70043207,"text":"70043207 - 2013 - Lake whitefish diet, condition, and energy density in Lake Champlain and the lower four Great Lakes following dreissenid invasions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-19T13:05:56","indexId":"70043207","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lake whitefish diet, condition, and energy density in Lake Champlain and the lower four Great Lakes following dreissenid invasions","docAbstract":"Lake Whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis support some of the most valuable commercial freshwater fisheries in North America. Recent growth and condition decreases in Lake Whitefish populations in the Great Lakes have been attributed to the invasion of the dreissenid mussels, zebra mussels Dreissena polymorpha and quagga mussels D. bugensis, and the subsequent collapse of the amphipod, Diporeia, a once-abundant high energy prey source. Since 1993, Lake Champlain has also experienced the invasion and proliferation of zebra mussels, but in contrast to the Great Lakes, Diporeia were not historically abundant. We compared the diet, condition, and energy density of Lake Whitefish from Lake Champlain after the dreissenid mussel invasion to values for those of Lake Whitefish from Lakes Michigan, Huron, Erie, and Ontario. Lake Whitefish were collected using gill nets and bottom trawls, and their diets were quantified seasonally. Condition was estimated using Fulton's condition factor (K) and by determining energy density. In contrast to Lake Whitefish from some of the Great Lakes, those from Lake Champlain Lake Whitefish did not show a dietary shift towards dreissenid mussels, but instead fed primarily on fish eggs in spring, Mysis diluviana in summer, and gastropods and sphaeriids in fall and winter. Along with these dietary differences, the condition and energy density of Lake Whitefish from Lake Champlain were high compared with those of Lake Whitefish from Lakes Michigan, Huron, and Ontario after the dreissenid invasion, and were similar to Lake Whitefish from Lake Erie; fish from Lakes Michigan, Huron, and Ontario consumed dreissenids, whereas fish from Lake Erie did not. Our comparisons of Lake Whitefish populations in Lake Champlain to those in the Great Lakes indicate that diet and condition of Lake Champlain Lake Whitefish were not negatively affected by the dreissenid mussel invasion.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2012.747991","usgsCitation":"Herbst, S.J., Marsden, J., and Lantry, B.F., 2013, Lake whitefish diet, condition, and energy density in Lake Champlain and the lower four Great Lakes following dreissenid invasions: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 142, no. 2, p. 388-398, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2012.747991.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"388","endPage":"398","ipdsId":"IP-041206","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274003,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274002,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2012.747991"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Lakes;Lake Champlain","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -89.13,41.22 ], [ -89.13,46.48 ], [ -73.09,46.48 ], [ -73.09,41.22 ], [ -89.13,41.22 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"142","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-01-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c2c4d5e4b08857aac4237c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Herbst, Seth J.","contributorId":11102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herbst","given":"Seth","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marsden, J. Ellen","contributorId":10367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marsden","given":"J. Ellen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lantry, Brian F. 0000-0001-8797-3910 bflantry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8797-3910","contributorId":3435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lantry","given":"Brian","email":"bflantry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70046866,"text":"70046866 - 2013 - Chesapeake Bay hypoxic volume forecasts and results: June 18, 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-13T18:33:54.098773","indexId":"70046866","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-18T11:43:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"title":"Chesapeake Bay hypoxic volume forecasts and results: June 18, 2013","docAbstract":"The 2013 Forecast - Given the average Jan-May 2013 total nitrogen load of 162,028 kg/day, this summer’s hypoxia volume forecast is 6.1 km3, slightly smaller than average size for the period of record and almost the same as 2012.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Michigan","publisherLocation":"Ann Arbor, MI","usgsCitation":"Scavia, D., and Evans, M.A., 2013, Chesapeake Bay hypoxic volume forecasts and results: June 18, 2013, 7 p.","productDescription":"7 p.","numberOfPages":"7","ipdsId":"IP-048825","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287668,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76.4633,36.9078 ], [ -76.4633,37.9656 ], [ -75.6353,37.9656 ], [ -75.6353,36.9078 ], [ -76.4633,36.9078 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53870563e4b0aa26cd7b538b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scavia, Donald","contributorId":19068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scavia","given":"Donald","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evans, Mary Anne 0000-0002-1627-7210 maevans@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1627-7210","contributorId":4883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"Mary","email":"maevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Anne","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":480501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70046665,"text":"sir20135110 - 2013 - Methods and results of peak-flow frequency analyses for streamgages in and bordering Minnesota, through water year 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-18T16:20:48","indexId":"sir20135110","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5110","title":"Methods and results of peak-flow frequency analyses for streamgages in and bordering Minnesota, through water year 2011","docAbstract":"Peak-flow frequency analyses were completed for 409 streamgages in and bordering Minnesota having at least 10 systematic peak flows through water year 2011. Selected annual exceedance probabilities were determined by fitting a log-Pearson type III probability distribution to the recorded annual peak flows. A detailed explanation of the methods that were used to determine the annual exceedance probabilities, the historical period, acceptable low outliers, and analysis method for each streamgage are presented. The final results of the analyses are presented.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135110","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Minnesota Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Kessler, E.W., Lorenz, D.L., and Sanocki, C.A., 2013, Methods and results of peak-flow frequency analyses for streamgages in and bordering Minnesota, through water year 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5110, Report: iv, 46 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135110.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 46 p.; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"52","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273988,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135110.gif"},{"id":273985,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5110/sir2013-5110.pdf"},{"id":273986,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5110/"},{"id":273987,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5110/downloads/"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection, Zone 15","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -98,0.0011111111111111111 ], [ -98,0.001388888888888889 ], [ -91,0.001388888888888889 ], [ -91,0.0011111111111111111 ], [ -98,0.0011111111111111111 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c1735ae4b0dd0e00d9219b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kessler, Erich W. 0000-0002-0869-4743 ekessler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0869-4743","contributorId":2871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kessler","given":"Erich","email":"ekessler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lorenz, David L. 0000-0003-3392-4034 lorenz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3392-4034","contributorId":1384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenz","given":"David","email":"lorenz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sanocki, Christopher A.","contributorId":100432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanocki","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70046220,"text":"70046220 - 2013 - Kinetics of homogeneous and surface-catalyzed mercury(II) reduction by iron(II)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-15T09:46:19","indexId":"70046220","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Kinetics of homogeneous and surface-catalyzed mercury(II) reduction by iron(II)","docAbstract":"Production of elemental mercury, Hg(0), via Hg(II) reduction is an important pathway that should be considered when studying Hg fate in environment. We conducted a kinetic study of abiotic homogeneous and surface-catalyzed Hg(0) production by Fe(II) under dark anoxic conditions. Hg(0) production rate, from initial 50 pM Hg(II) concentration, increased with increasing pH (5.5–8.1) and aqueous Fe(II) concentration (0.1–1 mM). The homogeneous rate was best described by the expression, rhom = khom [FeOH+] [Hg(OH)2]; khom = 7.19 × 10+3 L (mol min)−1. Compared to the homogeneous case, goethite (α-FeOOH) and hematite (α-Fe2O3) increased and γ-alumina (γ-Al2O3) decreased the Hg(0) production rate. Heterogeneous Hg(0) production rates were well described by a model incorporating equilibrium Fe(II) adsorption, rate-limited Hg(II) reduction by dissolved and adsorbed Fe(II), and rate-limited Hg(II) adsorption. Equilibrium Fe(II) adsorption was described using a surface complexation model calibrated with previously published experimental data. The Hg(0) production rate was well described by the expression rhet = khet [>SOFe(II)] [Hg(OH)2], where >SOFe(II) is the total adsorbed Fe(II) concentration; khet values were 5.36 × 10+3, 4.69 × 10+3, and 1.08 × 10+2 L (mol min)−1 for hematite, goethite, and γ-alumina, respectively. Hg(0) production coupled to reduction by Fe(II) may be an important process to consider in ecosystem Hg studies.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es401459p","usgsCitation":"Amirbahman, A., Kent, D.B., Curtis, G.P., and Marvin-DiPasquale, M.C., 2013, Kinetics of homogeneous and surface-catalyzed mercury(II) reduction by iron(II): Environmental Science & Technology, v. 47, no. 13, p. 7204-7213, https://doi.org/10.1021/es401459p.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"7204","endPage":"7213","ipdsId":"IP-046069","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273958,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273954,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es401459p"}],"volume":"47","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-06-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c17359e4b0dd0e00d9218f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Amirbahman, Aria","contributorId":44031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amirbahman","given":"Aria","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kent, Douglas B. 0000-0003-3758-8322 dbkent@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3758-8322","contributorId":1871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kent","given":"Douglas","email":"dbkent@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Curtis, Gary P. 0000-0003-3975-8882 gpcurtis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3975-8882","contributorId":2346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curtis","given":"Gary","email":"gpcurtis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark C. 0000-0002-8186-9167 mmarvin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8186-9167","contributorId":1485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marvin-DiPasquale","given":"Mark","email":"mmarvin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70043582,"text":"70043582 - 2013 - Diet of the eastern mudminnow (Umbra pygmaea DeKay) from two geographically distinct populations within the North American native range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-18T16:00:10","indexId":"70043582","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2898,"text":"Northeastern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diet of the eastern mudminnow (Umbra pygmaea DeKay) from two geographically distinct populations within the North American native range","docAbstract":"Umbra pygmaea (Eastern Mudminnow) is a freshwater species common in Atlantic slope coastal lowlands from southern New York to northern Florida and is typical of slow-moving, mud-bottomed, and highly vegetated streams, swamps, and small ponds. We examined its seasonal food habits at the Great Swamp National Wildlife Refuge (NWR), NJ and at the Croatan National Forest, NC. A total of 147 Eastern Mudminnow from 35–112 mm TL and 190 Eastern Mudminnow from 22–89 mm TL were examined from these sites, respectively. At both locations, we found it to be a bottom-feeding generalist that consumes cladocerans, ostracods, chironomid larvae, coleopteran larvae, and other insects and crustaceans. Ostracods were most common in the diet at the Great Swamp NWR and occurred in 62% ± 2.5% of the stomachs with food. At Croatan National Forest, chironomid larvae were most common and occurred in 66.7% ± 15.8% of the stomachs. There were no statistically significant differences in diet composition between the sites during the winter, summer, and fall. However, when compared on an annual basis, Jaccard’s Index (θJ = 0.636, P = 0.05) suggested that the diet at the two study sites was significantly different. While we identified the same major food groups at both locations, the utilization of these food groups varied seasonally. Detritus was a major stomach content at both locations throughout the year. We also documented cannibalism during the summer season at both locations. The seasonal diet of the Eastern Mudminnow was similar to that of Umbra limi (Central Mudminnow) and Umbra krameri (European Mudminnow). Our findings here are the first quantitative examinations of seasonal differences in the diet of the Eastern Mudminnow within its native North American range.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Northeastern Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Eagle Hill Institute","publisherLocation":"Steuben, ME","doi":"10.1656/045.020.0103","usgsCitation":"Panek, F., and Weis, J.S., 2013, Diet of the eastern mudminnow (Umbra pygmaea DeKay) from two geographically distinct populations within the North American native range: Northeastern Naturalist, v. 20, no. 1, p. 37-48, https://doi.org/10.1656/045.020.0103.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"37","endPage":"48","ipdsId":"IP-038811","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273971,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273970,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1656/045.020.0103"}],"otherGeospatial":"North America","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 177.1,5.6 ], [ 177.1,85.4 ], [ -4.0,85.4 ], [ -4.0,5.6 ], [ 177.1,5.6 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"20","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c17356e4b0dd0e00d9217b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Panek, Frank M.","contributorId":47268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Panek","given":"Frank M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weis, Judith S.","contributorId":71080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weis","given":"Judith","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70045502,"text":"70045502 - 2013 - Kittiwake diets and chick production signal a 2008 regime shift in the Northeast Pacific","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-18T15:44:28","indexId":"70045502","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Kittiwake diets and chick production signal a 2008 regime shift in the Northeast Pacific","docAbstract":"I examined ~2700 food samples collected from adult and nestling black-legged kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla from 1978 through 2011 on Middleton Island in the Gulf of Alaska. The kittiwake diet was composed chiefly of fish, but invertebrates were taken in appreciable quantities in April and May. Upon spring arrival at the colony, adult kittiwakes foraged regularly at night on vertically migrating mesopelagic prey—lanternfishes (Myctophidae), squids, crustaceans, and polychaetes—a behavior they largely discontinued by egg-laying. During incubation and chick-rearing, food samples contained mostly (~85% by weight) Pacific sand lance Ammodytes hexapterus, capelin Mallotus villosus, Pacific herring Clupea pallasii, sablefish Anopoploma fimbria, krill (Euphausiidae), and juvenile salmon Onchorynchus gorboscha and O. keta. A salient finding over the longitudinal study was the emergence, twice, of capelin as a dominant forage species—once in 2000 to 2003, and again in 2008 through 2011. Kittiwakes responded to capelin availability by producing markedly higher numbers of fledged young. The 2000 to 2003 event corresponded to a previously documented shift to cooler conditions in the NE Pacific, which apparently was relatively limited in magnitude or duration. The more recent transition appears stronger and may be more lasting. I submit that 2008 was an important turning point, marking a substantive reversal of warm conditions that began with the well-documented regime shift of 1977. That interpretation is consistent with the existence of a ~60 yr cycle in ocean and atmospheric conditions in the North Pacific. All else being equal, it predicts the next 20 to 30 yr will be favorable for species such as kittiwakes and Steller sea lions, which seemed to respond negatively to the 1977 to 2007 warm phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/meps10161","usgsCitation":"Hatch, S.A., 2013, Kittiwake diets and chick production signal a 2008 regime shift in the Northeast Pacific: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 477, p. 271-284, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps10161.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"271","endPage":"284","ipdsId":"IP-042336","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473742,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps10161","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":273961,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273960,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps10161"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Of Alaska;Middleton Island","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -154.34,57.79 ], [ -154.34,61.62 ], [ -141.11,61.62 ], [ -141.11,57.79 ], [ -154.34,57.79 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"477","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c17359e4b0dd0e00d92193","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hatch, Scott A. 0000-0002-0064-8187 shatch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-8187","contributorId":2625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatch","given":"Scott","email":"shatch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70045031,"text":"70045031 - 2013 - Dynamic deformation of Seguam Island, Alaska, 1992--2008, from multi-interferogram InSAR processing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-01T10:11:32","indexId":"70045031","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dynamic deformation of Seguam Island, Alaska, 1992--2008, from multi-interferogram InSAR processing","docAbstract":"We generated a time-series of ERS-1/2 and ENVISAT interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) images to study ground surface deformation at Seguam Island from 1992 to 2008. We used the small baseline subset (SBAS) technique to reduce artifacts associated with baseline uncertainties and atmospheric delay anomalies, and processed images from two adjacent tracks to validate our results. Seguam Island comprises the remnants of two late Quaternary calderas, one in the western caldera of the island and one in the eastern part of the island. The western caldera subsided at a constant rate of ~ 1.6 cm/yr throughout the study period, while the eastern caldera experienced alternating periods of subsidence and uplift: ~ 5 cm/year uplift during January 1993–October 1993 (stage 1), ~ 1.6 cm/year subsidence during October 1993–November 1998 (stage 2), ~ 2.0 cm/year uplift during November 1998–September 2000 (stage 3), ~ 1.4 cm/year subsidence during September 2000–November 2005 (stage 4), and ~ 0.8 cm/year uplift during November 2005– July 2007 (stage 5). Source modeling indicates a deflationary source less than 2 km below sea level (BSL) beneath the western caldera and two sources beneath the eastern caldera: an inflationary source 2.5–6.0 km BSL and a deflationary source less than 2 km BSL. We suggest that uplift of the eastern caldera is driven by episodic intrusions of basaltic magma into a poroelastic reservoir 2.5–6.0 km BSL beneath the caldera. Cooling and degassing of the reservoir between intrusions results in steady subsidence of the overlying surface. Although we found no evidence of magma intrusion beneath the western caldera during the study period, it is the site (Pyre Peak) of all historical eruptions on the island and therefore cooling and degassing of intrusions presumably contributes to subsidence there as well. Another likely subsidence mechanism in the western caldera is thermoelastic contraction of lava flows emplaced near Pyre Peak during several historical eruptions, most recently in 1977 and 1992–93.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2013.05.009","usgsCitation":"Lee, C., Lu, Z., Won, J., Jung, H., and Dzurisin, D., 2013, Dynamic deformation of Seguam Island, Alaska, 1992--2008, from multi-interferogram InSAR processing: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 260, p. 43-51, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2013.05.009.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"51","ipdsId":"IP-026604","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273991,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273989,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2013.05.009"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Seguam Island","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.5,51.2 ], [ 172.5,71.4 ], [ -130.0,71.4 ], [ -130.0,51.2 ], [ 172.5,51.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"260","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c17357e4b0dd0e00d92183","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Chang-Wook","contributorId":15748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Chang-Wook","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lu, Zhong 0000-0001-9181-1818 lu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9181-1818","contributorId":901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Zhong","email":"lu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":476651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Won, Joong-Sun","contributorId":16966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Won","given":"Joong-Sun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jung, Hyung-Sup","contributorId":58382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jung","given":"Hyung-Sup","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dzurisin, Daniel 0000-0002-0138-5067 dzurisin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0138-5067","contributorId":538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dzurisin","given":"Daniel","email":"dzurisin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70045025,"text":"70045025 - 2013 - Development of MODFLOW-USG: an un-structured grid version of MODFLOW","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-18T15:58:12","indexId":"70045025","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2015,"text":"International Association of Hydrogeologists Newsletter","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development of MODFLOW-USG: an un-structured grid version of MODFLOW","docAbstract":"MODFLOW was revolutionary when it was first unveiled by the USGS in 1988, and since then it has been the most widely used groundwater flow modeling program in the world. MODFLOW’s simulation capabilities have evolved substantially since its initial release and it has been an inspiration for more comprehensive analysis simulators including surface-water/groundwater interaction models (e.g., GSFLOW, SWF, MODHMS, ISGW), flow and transport analysis simulators (e.g., MT3D, MODFLOWSURFACT, MODFLOW-T), and saltwater intrusion models (e.g., SEAWAT).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Association of Hydrogeologists Newsletter","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"International Association of Hydrogeologists","usgsCitation":"Panday, S., 2013, Development of MODFLOW-USG: an un-structured grid version of MODFLOW: International Association of Hydrogeologists Newsletter, v. 42, no. 1, p. 4-5.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"4","endPage":"5","ipdsId":"IP-044827","costCenters":[{"id":494,"text":"Office of Groundwater","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273968,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273964,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.iah.org/usa/spring2013.pdf"}],"volume":"42","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c17356e4b0dd0e00d92177","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Panday, Sorab","contributorId":100513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Panday","given":"Sorab","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70046641,"text":"sir20135106 - 2013 - Hydraulic and water-quality data collection for the investigation of Great Lakes tributaries for Asian carp spawning and egg-transport suitability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-20T12:37:04","indexId":"sir20135106","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5106","title":"Hydraulic and water-quality data collection for the investigation of Great Lakes tributaries for Asian carp spawning and egg-transport suitability","docAbstract":"If the invasive Asian carps (bighead carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis and silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) migrate to the Great Lakes, in spite of the efforts to stop their advancement, these species will require the fast-flowing water of the Great Lakes tributaries for spawning and recruitment in order to establish a growing population. Two Lake Michigan tributaries (the Milwaukee and St. Joseph Rivers) and two Lake Erie tributaries (the Maumee and Sandusky Rivers) were investigated to determine if these tributaries possess the hydraulic and water-quality characteristics to allow successful spawning of Asian carps. To examine this issue, standard U.S. Geological Survey sampling protocols and instrumentation for discharge and water-quality measurements were used, together with differential global positioning system data for georeferencing. Non-standard data-processing techniques, combined with detailed laboratory analysis of Asian carp egg characteristics, allowed an assessment of the transport capabilities of each of these four tributaries. This assessment is based solely on analysis of observed data and did not utilize the collected data for detailed transport modeling.
\nAll four tributaries exhibited potential settling zones for Asian carp eggs both within the estuaries and river mouths and within the lower 100 kilometers (km) of the river. Dams played a leading role in defining these settling zones, with the exception of dams on the Sandusky River. The impoundments created by many of the larger dams on these rivers acted to sufficiently decelerate the flows and allowed the shear velocity to drop below the settling velocity for Asian carp eggs, which would allow the eggs to fall out of suspension and settle on the bottom where it is thought the eggs would perish. While three rivers exhibited these settling zones upstream of the larger dams, not all settling zones are likely to have such effects on egg transport. The Milwaukee River exhibited only a short settling zone upstream of the Grafton Dam, whereas the St. Joseph and Maumee Rivers both had extensive settling zones (>5 km) behind major dams. These longer settling zones are likely to capture more eggs than shorter settling reaches. All four rivers exhibited settling zones at their river mouths, with the Lake Erie tributaries having much larger settling zones extending more than 10 km up the tributaries.
\nWhile hydraulic data from all four rivers indicated settling of eggs is possible in some locations, all four rivers also exhibited sufficient temperatures, water-quality characteristics, turbulence, and transport times outside of settling zones for successful suspension and development of Asian carp eggs to the hatching stage before the threat of settlement. These observed data indicate that these four Great Lakes tributaries have sufficient hydraulic and water-quality characteristics to support successful spawning and recruitment of Asian carps. The data indicate that with the right temperature and flow conditions, river reaches as short as 25 km may allow Asian carp eggs sufficient time to develop to hatching. Additionally, examining the relation between critical shear velocity and mean velocity, egg settling appears to take place at mean velocities in the range of 15–25 centimeters per second, a much lower value than is generally cited in the literature. A first-order estimate of the minimum transport velocity for Asian carp eggs in a river can be obtained by using mean flow depth and river substrate data, and curves were constructed to show this relation. These findings would expand the number of possible tributaries suitable for Asian carp spawning and contribute to the understanding of how hydraulic and water-quality information can be used to screen additional rivers in the future.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135106","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative","usgsCitation":"Murphy, E., and Jackson, P., 2013, Hydraulic and water-quality data collection for the investigation of Great Lakes tributaries for Asian carp spawning and egg-transport suitability: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5106, vi, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135106.","productDescription":"vi, 30 p.","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273892,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5106/pdf/sir2013-5106_web.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.98 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":273888,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5106/"},{"id":273900,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135106.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Lakes","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90.0,40.0 ], [ -90.0,43.0 ], [ -82.0,43.0 ], [ -82.0,40.0 ], [ -90.0,40.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c17359e4b0dd0e00d9218b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murphy, Elizabeth A.","contributorId":69660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"Elizabeth A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jackson, P. Ryan","contributorId":68571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"P. Ryan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70046655,"text":"ds746 - 2013 - Historical rock falls in Yosemite National Park, California (1857-2011)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-05T15:11:43.627772","indexId":"ds746","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"746","title":"Historical rock falls in Yosemite National Park, California (1857-2011)","docAbstract":"Inventories of rock falls and other types of landslides are valuable tools for improving understanding of these events. For example, detailed information on rock falls is critical for identifying mechanisms that trigger rock falls, for quantifying the susceptibility of different cliffs to rock falls, and for developing magnitude-frequency relations. Further, inventories can assist in quantifying the relative hazard and risk posed by these events over both short and long time scales.
\nThis report describes and presents the accompanying rock fall inventory database for Yosemite National Park, California. The inventory database documents 925 events spanning the period 1857–2011. Rock falls, rock slides, and other forms of slope movement represent a serious natural hazard in Yosemite National Park. Rock-fall hazard and risk are particularly relevant in Yosemite Valley, where glacially steepened granitic cliffs approach 1 km in height and where the majority of the approximately 4 million yearly visitors to the park congregate. In addition to damaging roads, trails, and other facilities, rock falls and other slope movement events have killed 15 people and injured at least 85 people in the park since the first documented rock fall in 1857.
\nThe accompanying report describes each of the organizational categories in the database, including event location, type of slope movement, date, volume, relative size, probable trigger, impact to humans, narrative description, references, and environmental conditions. The inventory database itself is contained in a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet (Yosemite_rock_fall_database_1857-2011.xlsx). Narrative descriptions of events are contained in the database, but are also provided in a more readable Adobe portable document format (pdf) file (Yosemite_rock_fall_database_narratives_1857-2011.pdf) available for download separate from the database.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds746","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Stock, G.M., Collins, B., Santaniello, D.J., Zimmer, V.L., Wieczorek, G.F., and Snyder, J.B., 2013, Historical rock falls in Yosemite National Park, California (1857-2011): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 746, Report: iv, 17 p.; Database, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds746.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 17 p.; Database","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273931,"rank":5,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds746.gif"},{"id":273927,"rank":4,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/746/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":273929,"rank":2,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/746/Yosemite_rock_fall_database_1857-2011.xlsx"},{"id":273930,"rank":1,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/746/Yosemite_rock_fall_database_narratives_1857-2011.pdf"},{"id":273928,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/746/ds746_text.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Yosemite National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.8863,37.4948 ], [ -119.8863,38.1863 ], [ -119.1995,38.1863 ], [ -119.1995,37.4948 ], [ -119.8863,37.4948 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c17357e4b0dd0e00d92187","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stock, Greg M.","contributorId":88593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stock","given":"Greg","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collins, Brian D.","contributorId":71641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"Brian D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Santaniello, David J.","contributorId":85070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Santaniello","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zimmer, Valerie L.","contributorId":22661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmer","given":"Valerie","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wieczorek, Gerald F.","contributorId":81889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wieczorek","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Snyder, James B.","contributorId":102137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70046638,"text":"sir20135085 - 2013 - Baseline groundwater quality from 20 domestic wells in Sullivan County, Pennsylvania, 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-24T12:20:56","indexId":"sir20135085","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5085","title":"Baseline groundwater quality from 20 domestic wells in Sullivan County, Pennsylvania, 2012","docAbstract":"Water samples were collected from 20 domestic wells during August and September 2012 and analyzed for 47 constituents and properties, including nutrients, major ions, metals and trace elements, radioactivity, and dissolved gases, including methane and radon-222. This study, done in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Bureau of Topographic and Geologic Survey (Pennsylvania Geological Survey), provides a groundwater-quality baseline for central and southern Sullivan County prior to drilling for natural gas in the Marcellus Shale.
\nThe analytical results for the 20 groundwater samples collected during this study indicate that only one constituent (gross-alpha radioactivity) in one sample was found to exceed the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) primary drinking water maximum contaminant level (MCL). Water samples from 85 percent of the sampled wells exceeded the proposed USEPA MCL of 300 picocuries per liter (pCi/L) for radon-222; however, only two water samples (10 percent of sampled wells) exceeded the proposed USEPA alternate maximum contaminant level (AMCL) of 4,000 pCi/L for radon-222. In a few samples, the concentrations of total dissolved solids, iron, manganese, and chloride exceeded USEPA secondary maximum contaminant levels (SMCL). In addition, water samples from two wells contained methane concentrations greater than 1 milligram per liter (mg/L).
\nIn general, most of the water-quality problems involve aesthetic considerations, such as taste or odor from elevated concentrations of total dissolved solids, iron, manganese, and chloride that develop from natural interactions of water and rock minerals in the subsurface. The total dissolved solids concentration ranged from 31 to 664 mg/L; the median was 130 mg/L. The total dissolved solids concentration in one water sample exceeded the USEPA SMCL of 500 mg/L. Chloride concentrations ranged from 0.59 to 342 mg/L; the median was 12.9 mg/L. The concentration of chloride in one water sample exceeded the USEPA SMCL of 250 mg/L. Concentrations of dissolved iron ranged from less than 3.2 to 6,590 micrograms per liter (µg/L); the median was 11.5 µg/L. The iron concentration in samples from 20 percent of the sampled wells exceeded the USEPA SMCL of 300 µg/L. Concentrations of dissolved manganese ranged from less than 0.13 to 1,710 µg/L; the median was 38.5 µg/L. The manganese concentration in samples from 35 percent of the sampled wells exceeded the USEPA SMCL of 50 µg/L.
\nActivities of radon-222 ranged from 169 to 15,300 picocuries per liter (pCi/L); the median was 990 pCi/L. The gross alpha-particle radioactivity ranged from below detection to 33 pCi/L; the median was 1.5 pCi/L. The gross alpha-particle radioactivity of one water sample exceeded the USEPA MCL of 15 pCi/L.
\nConcentrations of dissolved methane ranged from less than 0.001 to 51.1 mg/L. Methane was not detected in water samples from 13 wells, and the methane concentration was less than 0.07 mg/L in samples from five wells. The highest dissolved methane concentrations were 4.1 and 51.1 mg/L, and the pH of the water from both wells was greater than 8. Water samples from these wells were analyzed for isotopes of carbon and hydrogen in the methane. The isotopic ratio values fell in the range for a thermogenic (natural gas) source. The water samples from these two wells had the highest concentrations of arsenic, boron, bromide, chloride, fluoride, lithium, molybdenum, and sodium of the 20 wells sampled.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135085","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Bureau of Topographic and Geologic Survey","usgsCitation":"Sloto, R.A., 2013, Baseline groundwater quality from 20 domestic wells in Sullivan County, Pennsylvania, 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5085, vi, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135085.","productDescription":"vi, 27 p.","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2013-08-01","temporalEnd":"2013-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273887,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135085.png"},{"id":273883,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5085/"},{"id":273884,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5085/support/sir2013-5085.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Sullivan County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-76.2217,41.5447],[-76.225,41.5312],[-76.2277,41.5203],[-76.2322,41.5058],[-76.2527,41.4552],[-76.2732,41.4045],[-76.2829,41.3778],[-76.2962,41.3485],[-76.3097,41.3109],[-76.4076,41.3095],[-76.4472,41.2772],[-76.4673,41.2805],[-76.4942,41.2848],[-76.5143,41.2882],[-76.5271,41.2914],[-76.5454,41.297],[-76.5587,41.3007],[-76.574,41.3027],[-76.5954,41.3069],[-76.6045,41.312],[-76.6154,41.3193],[-76.673,41.3578],[-76.7514,41.4087],[-76.7609,41.4373],[-76.7669,41.4546],[-76.7686,41.4605],[-76.7693,41.461],[-76.7722,41.4714],[-76.7746,41.4778],[-76.7782,41.4878],[-76.7817,41.5001],[-76.7901,41.5224],[-76.7913,41.5255],[-76.7919,41.5278],[-76.7931,41.531],[-76.8002,41.5519],[-76.8104,41.5801],[-76.811,41.5815],[-76.8133,41.5901],[-76.8103,41.5896],[-76.8005,41.5887],[-76.7949,41.5882],[-76.787,41.5872],[-76.7569,41.5839],[-76.7496,41.5834],[-76.6993,41.5795],[-76.6938,41.579],[-76.679,41.578],[-76.6619,41.5765],[-76.6478,41.5755],[-76.6367,41.5745],[-76.5975,41.5715],[-76.5,41.5649],[-76.4454,41.5608],[-76.3277,41.5526],[-76.2487,41.5468],[-76.2432,41.5463],[-76.2383,41.5458],[-76.2217,41.5447]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Sullivan\",\"state\":\"PA\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c1734ee4b0dd0e00d92173","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sloto, Ronald A. rasloto@usgs.gov","contributorId":424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sloto","given":"Ronald","email":"rasloto@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70046645,"text":"ofr20131126 - 2013 - Landscape consequences of natural gas extraction in Somerset and Westmoreland Counties, Pennsylvania,2004--2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-19T17:40:08","indexId":"ofr20131126","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1126","title":"Landscape consequences of natural gas extraction in Somerset and Westmoreland Counties, Pennsylvania,2004--2010","docAbstract":"Increased demands for cleaner burning energy, coupled with the relatively recent technological advances in accessing unconventional hydrocarbon-rich geologic formations, have led to an intense effort to find and extract natural gas from various underground sources around the country. One of these sources, the Marcellus Shale, located in the Allegheny Plateau, is currently undergoing extensive drilling and production. The technology used to extract gas in the Marcellus Shale is known as hydraulic fracturing and has garnered much attention because of its use of large amounts of fresh water, its use of proprietary fluids for the hydraulic-fracturing process, its potential to release contaminants into the environment, and its potential effect on water resources. Nonetheless, development of natural gas extraction wells in the Marcellus Shale is only part of the overall natural gas story in this area of Pennsylvania. Conventional natural gas wells, which sometimes use the same technique, are commonly located in the same general area as the Marcellus Shale and are frequently developed in clusters across the landscape. The combined effects of these two natural gas extraction methods create potentially serious patterns of disturbance on the landscape. This document quantifies the landscape changes and consequences of natural gas extraction for Somerset County and Westmoreland County in Pennsylvania between 2004 and 2010. Patterns of landscape disturbance related to natural gas extraction activities were collected and digitized using National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP) imagery for 2004, 2005/2006, 2008, and 2010. The disturbance patterns were then used to measure changes in land cover and land use using the National Land Cover Database (NLCD) of 2001. A series of landscape metrics is also used to quantify these changes and is included in this publication.
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gear. We quantified the relative attachment by different life stages of NZMS to felt, neoprene, and rubber-soled boots exposed to two densities of NZMS in experimental exposure totes. Attachment by NZMS occurred on boots of all surfaces, but the highest numbers of all life stages occurred on boots with felt surfaces. We found a 15–20-min bath application of 20 g/L Virkon Aquatic was a reliable tool to disinfect boot surfaces infested with NZMS and other aquatic invertebrates. Our studies support that spray application of this disinfectant was not reliable to provide complete mortality of attached adult NZMS or neonates. Wading gear surfaces exposed to repeated bath disinfections showed little deterioration. Our results provide strong evidence that bath disinfections with Virkon Aquatic are helpful to assure biosecurity in field and hatchery settings, but applications should be coupled with cleaning procedures to remove organic materials that can deactivate the reagent.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02755947.2013.768569","usgsCitation":"Stockton, K.A., and Moffitt, C.M., 2013, Disinfection of three wading boot surfaces infested with New Zealand mudsnails: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 33, no. 3, p. 529-538, https://doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2013.768569.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"529","endPage":"538","ipdsId":"IP-042094","costCenters":[{"id":342,"text":"Idaho Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273976,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273973,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2013.768569"}],"volume":"33","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-04-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c17357e4b0dd0e00d9217f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stockton, Kelly A.","contributorId":58009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stockton","given":"Kelly","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moffitt, Christine M. 0000-0001-6020-9728 cmoffitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6020-9728","contributorId":2583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moffitt","given":"Christine","email":"cmoffitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70044048,"text":"70044048 - 2013 - Multi-temporal maps of the Montaguto earth flow in southern Italy from 1954 to 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-18T15:14:03","indexId":"70044048","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2375,"text":"Journal of Maps","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multi-temporal maps of the Montaguto earth flow in southern Italy from 1954 to 2010","docAbstract":"Historical movement of the Montaguto earth flow in southern Italy has periodically destroyed residences and farmland, and damaged the Italian National Road SS90 and the Benevento-Foggia National Railway. This paper provides maps from an investigation into the evolution of the Montaguto earth flow from 1954 to 2010. We used aerial photos, topographic maps, LiDAR data, satellite images, and field observations to produce multi-temporal maps. The maps show the spatial and temporal distribution of back-tilted surfaces, flank ridges, and normal, thrust, and strike-slip faults. Springs, creeks, and ponds are also shown on the maps. 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