Simulated results of the coupled freshwater-saltwater sharp interface and convective-dispersive numerical models are compared by using steady-state cross-sectional simulations. The results indicate that in some aquifers the calculated sharp interface is located further landward than would be expected.
","language":"English","publisher":"ScienceDirect","doi":"10.1016/S0167-5648(08)70340-X","usgsCitation":"Hill, M.C., 1988, A comparison of coupled freshwater-saltwater sharp-interface and convective-dispersive models of saltwater intrusion in a layered aquifer system: Developments in Water Science, p. 211-216, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-5648(08)70340-X.","productDescription":"6 p. ","startPage":"211","endPage":"216","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342668,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"594a342ae4b062508e36af65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, Mary C. mchill@usgs.gov","contributorId":974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Mary","email":"mchill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013677,"text":"70013677 - 1988 - Aftershocks of the western Argentina (Caucete) earthquake of 23 November 1977: Some tectonic implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-25T15:39:57.896156","indexId":"70013677","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aftershocks of the western Argentina (Caucete) earthquake of 23 November 1977: Some tectonic implications","docAbstract":"An aftershock survey, using a network of eight portable and two permanent seismographs, was conducted for the western Argentina (Caucete) earthquake (MS 7.3) of November 23, 1977. Monitoring began December 6, almost 2 weeks after the main shock and continued for 11 days. The data set includes 185 aftershock hypocenters that range in the depth from near surface to more than 30 km. The spatial distribution of those events occupied a volume of about 100 km long ×50 km wide ×30 km thick. The volumnar nature of the aftershock distribution is interpreted to be a result of a bimodal distribution of foci that define east- and west-dipping planar zones. Efforts to select which of those zones was associated with the causal faulting include special attention to the determination of the mainshock focal depth and dislocation theory modeling of the coseismic surface deformation in the epicentral region. Our focal depth (25–35 km) and modeling studies lead us to prefer an east-dipping plane as causal. A previous interpretation by other investigators used a shallower focal depth (17 km) and similar modeling calculations in choosing a west-dipping plane. Our selection of the east-dipping plane is physically more appealing because it places fault initiation at the base of the crustal seismogenic layer (rather than in the middle of that layer) which requires fault propagation to be updip (rather than downdip).
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0040-1951(88)90166-7","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Langer, C., and Bollinger, G.A., 1988, Aftershocks of the western Argentina (Caucete) earthquake of 23 November 1977: Some tectonic implications: Tectonophysics, v. 148, no. 1-2, p. 131-146, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(88)90166-7.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"131","endPage":"146","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220157,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Argentina","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -68.31581448033793,\n -31.101424732207356\n ],\n [\n -68.31581448033793,\n -31.99657323096657\n ],\n [\n -67.57002983228087,\n -31.99657323096657\n ],\n [\n -67.57002983228087,\n -31.101424732207356\n ],\n [\n -68.31581448033793,\n -31.101424732207356\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"148","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e8d4e4b0c8380cd47ed3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langer, C.J.","contributorId":31395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langer","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bollinger, G. A.","contributorId":55809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bollinger","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013843,"text":"70013843 - 1988 - An isotopic study of a fluvial-lacustrine sequence: The Plio-Pleistocene koobi fora sequence, East Africa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-12T15:37:35.22418","indexId":"70013843","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An isotopic study of a fluvial-lacustrine sequence: The Plio-Pleistocene koobi fora sequence, East Africa","docAbstract":"Stable isotopic analyses of Plio-Pleistocene and modern sediments in the fluvial-lacustrine system occupying the Turkana Basin, East Africa provide constraints on the paleoenvironmental and diagenetic histories of the Pliocene through the Recent sediments in the basin. The δ13C values for carbonates in lacustrine sediments range from −15 to +22‰ relative to PDB, depending on the varying proportions of CO2 from the atmospheric reservoir and from various metabolic sources. The δ18O values of carbonates in lacustrine sediments indicate that the isotopic composition of paleolake water varied by over 10‰ from the Pliocene to the present. The δ13C values for pedogenic carbonates record paleoccologic variations and suggest that C4 plants did not become well established in the preserved depositional parts of the basin until about 1.8 myr ago. The δ18O values pedogenic carbonates suggest a range of over 10‰ for the isotopic composition of soil water during this interval. They also suggest a period of major climatic instability from about 3.4 to 3.1 myr and at about 1.8 myr. Together, the δ13C and δ18O values of pedogenic carbonates indicate that the present conditions are as arid and hot as any that had prevailed during deposition of these Plio-Pleistocene sediments.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0031-0182(88)90104-6","issn":"00310182","usgsCitation":"Cerling, T., Bowman, J.R., and O’Neil, J.R., 1988, An isotopic study of a fluvial-lacustrine sequence: The Plio-Pleistocene koobi fora sequence, East Africa: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 63, no. 4, p. 335-356, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-0182(88)90104-6.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"335","endPage":"356","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219837,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Ethiopia, Kenya","otherGeospatial":"Lake Turkana Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 35.45552515509482,\n 6.06521959485184\n ],\n [\n 35.45552515509482,\n 2.3585266206236923\n ],\n [\n 39.05147077987755,\n 2.3585266206236923\n ],\n [\n 39.05147077987755,\n 6.06521959485184\n ],\n [\n 35.45552515509482,\n 6.06521959485184\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"63","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea94e4b0c8380cd48965","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cerling, T.E.","contributorId":85720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cerling","given":"T.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bowman, J. R.","contributorId":29496,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Neil, J. R.","contributorId":69633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neil","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70013812,"text":"70013812 - 1988 - Suspended sediment transport under estuarine tidal channel conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-23T16:06:21.592373","indexId":"70013812","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3368,"text":"Sedimentary Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Suspended sediment transport under estuarine tidal channel conditions","docAbstract":"A modified version of the GEOPROBE tripod has been used to monitor flow conditions and suspended sediment distribution in the bottom boundary layer of a tidal channel within San Francisco Bay, California. Measurements were made every 15 minutes over three successive tidal cycles. They included mean velocity profiles from four electromagnetic current meters within 1 m of the seabed; mean suspended sediment concentration profiles from seven miniature nephelometers operated within 1 m of the seabed; near-bottom pressure fluctuations; vertical temperature gradient; and bottom photographs. Additionally, suspended sediment was sampled from four levels within 1 m of the seabed three times during each successive flood and ebb cycle. While the instrument was deployed, STD-nephelometer measurements were made throughout the water column, water samples were collected each 1–2 hours, and bottom sediment was sampled at the deployment site.
From these measurements, estimates were made of particle settling velocity (ws) from size distributions of the suspended sediment, friction velocity (U*
Late Paleozoic and Mesozoic eolian deposits include rock units that were deposited in ergs (eolian sand seas), erg margins and dune fields. They form an important part of Middle Pennsylvanian through Upper Jurassic sedimentary rocks across the Western Interior of the United States. These sedimentary rock units comprise approximately three dozen major eolian-bearing sequences and several smaller ones. Isopach and facies maps and accompanying cross sections indicate that most eolian units display varied geometry and complex facies relations to adjacent non-eolian rocks.
Paleozoic erg deposits are widespread from Montana to Arizona and include Pennsylvanian formations (Weber, Tensleep, Casper and Quadrant Sandstones) chiefly in the Northern and Central Rocky Mountains with some deposits (Hermosa and Supai Groups) on the Colorado Plateau. Lower Permian (Wolfcampian) erg deposits (Weber, Tensleep, Casper, Minnelusa, Ingleside, Cedar Mesa, Elephant Canyon, Queantoweap and Esplanade Formations) are more widespread and thicken into the central Colorado Plateau. Middle Permian (Leonardian I) erg deposits (De Chelly and Schnebly Hill Formations) are distributed across the southern Colorado Plateau on the north edge of the Holbrook basin. Leonardian II erg deposits (Coconino and Glorieta Sandstones) are slightly more widespread on the southern Colorado Plateau. Leonardian III erg deposits formed adjacent to the Toroweap-Kaibab sea in Utah and Arizona (Coconino and White Rim Sandstones) and in north-central Colorado (Lyons Sandstone).
Recognized Triassic eolian deposits include major erg deposits in the Jelm Formation of central Colorado-Wyoming and smaller eolian deposits in the Rock Point Member of the Wingate Sandstone and upper Dolores Formation, both of the Four Corners region. None of these have as yet received a modern or thorough study.
Jurassic deposits of eolian origin extend from the Black Hills to the southern Cordilleran arc terrain. Lower Jurassic intervals include the Jurassic part of the Wingate Sandstone and the Navajo-Aztec-Nugget complex and coeval deposits in the arc terrain to the south and west of the Colorado Plateau. Major Middle Jurassic deposits include the Page Sandstone on the Colorado Plateau and the widespread Entrada Sandstone, Sundance Formation, and coeval deposits. Less extensive eolian deposits occur in the Carmel Formation, Temple Cap Sandstone, Romana Sandstone and Moab Tongue of the Entrada Sandstone, mostly on the central and western Colorado Plateau. Upper Jurassic eolian deposits include the Bluff Sandstone Member and Recapture Member of the Morrison Formation and Junction Creek Sandstone, all of the Four Corners region, and smaller eolian deposits in the Morrison Formation of central Wyoming and apparently coeval Unkpapa Sandstone of the Black Hills.
Late Paleozoic and Mesozoic eolian deposits responded to changing climatic, tectonic and eustatic controls that are documented elsewhere in this volume. All of the eolian deposits are intricately interbedded with non-eolian deposits, including units of fluvial, lacustrine and shallow-marine origin, clearly dispelling the myth that eolian sandstones are simple sheet-like bodies. Rather, these units form some of the most complex bodies in the stratigraphic record.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0037-0738(88)90050-4","issn":"00370738","usgsCitation":"Blakey, R., Peterson, F., and Kocurek, G., 1988, Synthesis of late Paleozoic and Mesozoic eolian deposits of the Western Interior of the United States: Sedimentary Geology, v. 56, no. 1-4, p. 3-125, https://doi.org/10.1016/0037-0738(88)90050-4.","productDescription":"123 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"125","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219996,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Western Interior","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.23688691457892,\n 46.72509987687408\n ],\n [\n -118.23688691457892,\n 31.343474124109605\n ],\n [\n -102.41490414213115,\n 31.343474124109605\n ],\n [\n -102.41490414213115,\n 46.72509987687408\n ],\n [\n -118.23688691457892,\n 46.72509987687408\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"56","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba355e4b08c986b31fc76","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blakey, R.C.","contributorId":58774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blakey","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterson, F.","contributorId":93623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kocurek, G.","contributorId":28005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kocurek","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70013758,"text":"70013758 - 1988 - Wind directions predicted from global circulation models and wind directions determined from eolian sandstones of the western United States - A comparison","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-23T16:31:50.185277","indexId":"70013758","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3368,"text":"Sedimentary Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wind directions predicted from global circulation models and wind directions determined from eolian sandstones of the western United States - A comparison","docAbstract":"Wind directions for Middle Pennsylvanian through Jurassic time are predicted from global circulation models for the western United States. These predictions are compared with paleowind directions interpreted from eolian sandstones of Middle Pennsylvanian through Jurassic age. Predicted regional wind directions correspond with at least three-quarters of the paleowind data from the sandstones; the rest of the data may indicate problems with correlation, local effects of paleogeography on winds, and lack of resolution of the circulation models. The data and predictions suggest the following paleoclimatic developments through the time interval studied: predominance of winter subtropical high-pressure circulation in the Late Pennsylvanian; predominance of summer subtropical high-pressure circulation in the Permian; predominance of summer monsoonal circulation in the Triassic and earliest Jurassic; and, during the remainder of the Jurassic, influence of both summer subtropical and summer monsoonal circulation, with the boundary between the two systems over the western United States. This sequence of climatic changes is largely owing to paleogeographic changes, which influenced the buildup and breakdown of the monsoonal circulation, and possibly owing partly to a decrease in the global temperature gradient, which might have lessened the influence of the subtropical high-pressure circulation. The atypical humidity of Triassic time probably resulted from the monsoonal circulation created by the geography of Pangaea. This circulation is predicted to have been at a maximum in the Triassic and was likely to have been powerful enough to draw moisture along the equator from the ocean to the west.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0037-0738(88)90056-5","issn":"00370738","usgsCitation":"Parrish, J.T., and Peterson, F., 1988, Wind directions predicted from global circulation models and wind directions determined from eolian sandstones of the western United States - A comparison: Sedimentary Geology, v. 56, no. 1-4, p. 261-282, https://doi.org/10.1016/0037-0738(88)90056-5.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"261","endPage":"282","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219820,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"western United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.74621008282108,\n 49.06616805150148\n ],\n [\n -125.43401456721674,\n 39.32461310117381\n ],\n [\n -119.27793710038266,\n 32.56336616144106\n ],\n [\n -115.2334004978079,\n 32.51076568885465\n ],\n [\n -111.20239429606127,\n 31.242030042874426\n ],\n [\n -108.28455707620282,\n 31.304765755873515\n ],\n [\n -108.0292631821473,\n 31.83904781537533\n ],\n [\n -103.76828878610942,\n 29.027187725122783\n ],\n [\n -96.37486337354892,\n 25.26617142567818\n ],\n [\n -95.52119849676404,\n 49.06616805150148\n ],\n [\n -124.74621008282108,\n 49.06616805150148\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"56","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd11fe4b08c986b32f245","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parrish, Judith T.","contributorId":83945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parrish","given":"Judith","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":366803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterson, F.","contributorId":93623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013763,"text":"70013763 - 1988 - A proposed mechanism for the formation of spherical vivianite crystal aggregates in sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-23T16:13:30.245279","indexId":"70013763","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3368,"text":"Sedimentary Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A proposed mechanism for the formation of spherical vivianite crystal aggregates in sediments","docAbstract":"Vivianite [Fe3(PO4)2·8H2O] is often found in the form of nodules composed of spherical aggregates of crystals. Crystallization of vivianite in agar gels of various concentrations yield crystal aggregates (nodules) that have spherical morphology and a bimodal size distribution. The aggregates were formed under both biotic and abiotic conditions. When special redox cells fitted with electrodes were used, more perfect spherical structures were formed when the electrodes were shorted than when they were on open circuit.
In nature, vivianite nodules generally are found in sediments or clays that are gelatinous, often caused by the presence of organic debris. A model consistent with experimental observations and based on the dynamics of gels is proposed to explain a possible origin of nodular vivianite. To maintain iron and phosphate concentrations in sedimentary pore spaces filled with gel-like organic debris, the electric field spanning the aerobic-anerobic zones in the upper sediments may be an important driving force in addition to diffusion. It is suggested that the combination of the gel medium in the pore spaces and the natural electric field in the upper sediments could be contributing causes to explain the spherical aggregates of vivianite crystals found in nature.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0037-0738(88)90103-0","issn":"00370738","usgsCitation":"Zelibor, J., Senftle, F.E., and Reinhardt, J., 1988, A proposed mechanism for the formation of spherical vivianite crystal aggregates in sediments: Sedimentary Geology, v. 59, no. 1-2, p. 125-142, https://doi.org/10.1016/0037-0738(88)90103-0.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"125","endPage":"142","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219878,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e516e4b0c8380cd46b03","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zelibor, J.L. Jr.","contributorId":91622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zelibor","given":"J.L.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Senftle, F. E.","contributorId":47788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senftle","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reinhardt, J.L.","contributorId":63162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reinhardt","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014114,"text":"70014114 - 1988 - Lacustrine varve formation through time","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-12T15:24:39.839502","indexId":"70014114","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lacustrine varve formation through time","docAbstract":"Studies using sediment traps in lakes reveal that the seasonal flux of sediment regulates both the composition and timing of deposition of materials that reach the bottoms of lakes. If the bottom waters of a lake are partly or totally anoxic, the seasonally deposited materials are preserved as annual groupings of laminae (varves). Common components that form individual laminae consist of allochthonous clastic material derived from the drainage basin, precipitated carbonate minerals, diatom frustules, iron-rich and manganese-rich flocs, autochthonous organic detritus, and autochthonous and allochthonous materials resuspended from the bottom.
The \"style\" of varving has changed over geologic time, reflecting changes in biologic evolution and types of materials available. Precipitated iron-rich laminations were common in the middle Precambrian. Graded sets of clastic organic laminations persisted through the Precambrian, prior to the evolution of bioturbating benthic organisms. Glaciolacustrine varves appear to have retained their distinctive character through time. Carbonate-rich varves occurred sporadically in the Precambrian and Phanerozoic.
With the exception of diatoms, major components of modern lacustrine varves were present through the Paleozoic and Mesozoic, and yet varves are rare in strata of these ages, and may have accumulated in marine to brackish-water environments. Diatoms were introduced into lacustrine systems in Early Tertiary time and are common components of varves from then on. Diatom laminae, combined with a greater chance for geologic preservation of younger lake deposits, have increased the number of geologically young occurrences of varved sediments. However, seasonal associations of modern varve components, and the processes they represent, are present in ancient deposits and provide clues to the interpretation of ancient environments.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0031-0182(88)90055-7","issn":"00310182","usgsCitation":"Anderson, R., and Dean, W., 1988, Lacustrine varve formation through time: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 62, no. 1-4, p. 215-235, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-0182(88)90055-7.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"215","endPage":"235","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225233,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"62","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4130e4b0c8380cd65379","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, R.Y.","contributorId":22789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"R.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dean, W.E.","contributorId":97099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014698,"text":"70014698 - 1988 - Fossil diatoms and neogene paleolimnology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-11T16:41:05.590909","indexId":"70014698","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fossil diatoms and neogene paleolimnology","docAbstract":"Diatoms have played an important role in the development of Neogene continental biostratigraphy and paleolimnology since the mid-19th Century. The history of progress in Quaternary diatom biostratigraphy has developed as a result of improved coring techniques that enable sampling sediments beneath existing lakes coupled with improved chronological control (including radiometric dating and varve enumeration), improved statistical treatment of fossil diatom assemblages (from qualitative description to influx calculations of diatom numbers or volumes), and improved ecological information about analogous living diatom associations. The last factor, diatom ecology, is the most critical in many ways, but progresses slowly. Fortunately, statistical comparison of modern diatom assemblages and insightful studies of the nutrient requirements of some common freshwater species are enabling diatom paleolimnologists to make more detailed interpretations of the Quaternary record than had been possible earlier, and progress in the field of diatom biology and ecology will continue to refine paleolimnological studies.
The greater age and geologic setting of Tertiary diatomaceous deposits has prompted their study in the contexts of geologic history, biochronology and evolution. The distribution of diatoms of marine affinities in continental deposits has given geologists insights about tectonism and sea-level change, and the distribution of distinctive (extinct?) diatoms has found utilization both in making stratigraphic correlations between outcrops of diatomaceous deposits and in various types of biochronological studies that involve dating deposits in different areas.
A continental diatom biochronologic scheme will rely upon evolution, such as the appearance of new genera within a family, in combination with regional environmental changes that are responsible for the wide distribution of distinctive diatom species. The increased use of the scanning electron microscope for the detailed descriptions of fossil diatoms will provide the basis for making more accurate correlations and identifications, and the micromorphological detail for speculations about evolutionary relationships.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0031-0182(88)90059-4","issn":"00310182","usgsCitation":"Platt, B.J., 1988, Fossil diatoms and neogene paleolimnology: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 62, no. 1-4, p. 299-316, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-0182(88)90059-4.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"299","endPage":"316","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225396,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"62","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1385e4b0c8380cd546a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Platt, Bradbury J.","contributorId":67651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Platt","given":"Bradbury","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013773,"text":"70013773 - 1988 - Pin stripe lamination: A distinctive feature of modern and ancient eolian sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-23T16:10:11.908431","indexId":"70013773","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3368,"text":"Sedimentary Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pin stripe lamination: A distinctive feature of modern and ancient eolian sediments","docAbstract":"Pin stripe laminations are a distinctive feature of modern and ancient eolian sediments. In sets of eolian ripple (or translatent) strata they represent deposition of silt and very fine sand in the troughs of the advancing wind ripples. In sets of avalanche strata they probably result from the downward settling of fine sand and silt within the moving avalanche to the interface of moving and unmoving sands. Wind tunnel experiments suggest that pin stripe laminations can also form in grainfall deposits. The textural segregation associated with deposition of the fine layers in most cases leads to early cementation along and near the finest sand and silt comprising the pin stripe lamination. The pin stripe effect seen in outcrops is usually due to resistance to weathering along such cemented zones. The cementation of the pin stripe laminations can occur early in the history of diagenesis and thus may provide clues to the post-depositional history of the rock. Pin stripe laminations in many instances represent the sequestering of the small population of ultrafine sediment present in most eolian depositional systems. They may prove useful in the recognition of ancient eolian sediments.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0037-0738(88)90087-5","issn":"00370738","usgsCitation":"Fryberger, S., and Schenk, C.J., 1988, Pin stripe lamination: A distinctive feature of modern and ancient eolian sediments: Sedimentary Geology, v. 55, no. 1-2, p. 1-15, https://doi.org/10.1016/0037-0738(88)90087-5.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220056,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7b69e4b0c8380cd7942c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fryberger, S.G.","contributorId":47405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fryberger","given":"S.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schenk, Christopher J. 0000-0002-0248-7305","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0248-7305","contributorId":72344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schenk","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":366837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013733,"text":"70013733 - 1988 - An improved dark-object subtraction technique for atmospheric scattering correction of multispectral data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-17T15:54:35.25532","indexId":"70013733","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An improved dark-object subtraction technique for atmospheric scattering correction of multispectral data","docAbstract":"Digital analysis of remotely sensed data has become an important component of many earth-science studies. These data are often processed through a set of preprocessing or “clean-up” routines that includes a correction for atmospheric scattering, often called haze. Various methods to correct or remove the additive haze component have been developed, including the widely used dark-object subtraction technique. A problem with most of these methods is that the haze values for each spectral band are selected independently. This can create problems because atmospheric scattering is highly wavelength-dependent in the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum and the scattering values are correlated with each other. Therefore, multispectral data such as from the Landsat Thematic Mapper and Multispectral Scanner must be corrected with haze values that are spectral band dependent. An improved dark-object subtraction technique is demonstrated that allows the user to select a relative atmospheric scattering model to predict the haze values for all the spectral bands from a selected starting band haze value. The improved method normalizes the predicted haze values for the different gain and offset parameters used by the imaging system. Examples of haze value differences between the old and improved methods for Thematic Mapper Bands 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7 are 40.0, 13.0, 12.0, 8.0, 5.0, and 2.0 vs. 40.0, 13.2, 8.9, 4.9, 16.7, and 3.3, respectively, using a relative scattering model of a clear atmosphere. In one Landsat multispectral scanner image the haze value differences for Bands 4, 5, 6, and 7 were 30.0, 50.0, 50.0, and 40.0 for the old method vs. 30.0, 34.4, 43.6, and 6.4 for the new method using a relative scattering model of a hazy atmosphere.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0034-4257(88)90019-3","issn":"00344257","usgsCitation":"Chavez, P.S., 1988, An improved dark-object subtraction technique for atmospheric scattering correction of multispectral data: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 24, no. 3, p. 459-479, https://doi.org/10.1016/0034-4257(88)90019-3.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"459","endPage":"479","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220218,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"northern Arizona","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.51428402871795,\n 35.76132241917742\n ],\n [\n -112.51428402871795,\n 35.12484483192148\n ],\n [\n -111.06027608212764,\n 35.12484483192148\n ],\n [\n -111.06027608212764,\n 35.76132241917742\n ],\n [\n -112.51428402871795,\n 35.76132241917742\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"24","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea6ee4b0c8380cd48869","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chavez, Pat S. Jr.","contributorId":39870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chavez","given":"Pat","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013680,"text":"70013680 - 1988 - Use of airborne imaging spectrometer data to map minerals associated with hydrothermally altered rocks in the northern Grapevine Mountains, Nevada, and California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-17T16:03:26.450169","indexId":"70013680","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of airborne imaging spectrometer data to map minerals associated with hydrothermally altered rocks in the northern Grapevine Mountains, Nevada, and California","docAbstract":"Three flightlines of Airborne Imaging Spectrometer (AIS) data, acquired over the northern Grapevine Mountains, Nevada, and California, were used to map minerals associated with hydrothermally altered rocks. The data were processed to remove vertical striping, normalized using an equal area normalization, and reduced to reflectance relative to an average spectrum derived from the data. An algorithm was developed to automatically calculate the absorption band parameters band position, band depth, and band width for the strongest absorption feature in each pixel. These parameters were mapped into an intensity, hue, saturation (IHS) color system to produce a single color image that summarized the absorption band information, This image was used to map areas of potential alteration based upon the predicted relationships between the color image and mineral absorption band. Individual AIS spectra for these areas were then examined to identify specific minerals. Two types of alteration were mapped with the AIS data. Areas of quartz-sericite-pyrite alteration were identified based upon a strong absorption feature near 2.21 μm, a weak shoulder near 2.25 μm, and a weak absorption band near 2.35 μm caused by sericite (fine-grained muscovite). Areas of argillic alteration were defined based on the presence of montmorillonite, identified by a weak to moderate absorption feature near 2.21 μm and the absence of the 2.35 μm band. Montmorillonite could not be identified in mineral mixtures. Calcite and dolomite were identified based on sharp absorption features near 2.34 and 2.32 μm, respectively. Areas of alteration identified using the AIS data corresponded well with areas mapped using field mapping, field reflectance spectra, and laboratory spectral measurements.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0034-4257(88)90004-1","issn":"00344257","usgsCitation":"Kruse, F., 1988, Use of airborne imaging spectrometer data to map minerals associated with hydrothermally altered rocks in the northern Grapevine Mountains, Nevada, and California: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 24, no. 1, p. 31-51, https://doi.org/10.1016/0034-4257(88)90004-1.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"31","endPage":"51","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220213,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"northern Grapevine Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.25035077426466,\n 37.014559377695576\n ],\n [\n -117.25035077426466,\n 36.75769172696985\n ],\n [\n -116.86542089423386,\n 36.75769172696985\n ],\n [\n -116.86542089423386,\n 37.014559377695576\n ],\n [\n -117.25035077426466,\n 37.014559377695576\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"24","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbeaee4b08c986b329711","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kruse, F.A.","contributorId":30676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kruse","given":"F.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014727,"text":"70014727 - 1988 - Precambrian ophiolites of Arabia: Geologic settings, U Pb geochronology, Pb-isotope characteristics, and implications for continental accretion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-26T15:11:50.486173","indexId":"70014727","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3112,"text":"Precambrian Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Precambrian ophiolites of Arabia: Geologic settings, U Pb geochronology, Pb-isotope characteristics, and implications for continental accretion","docAbstract":"Disrupted ophiolites occur in linear belts up to 900 km long between microplates that collided during the late Proterozoic to form the Arabian Shield. UPb zircon ages and Pb-isotope data from these ophiolitic rocks help constrain the history of accretion of the Arabian Shield and thereby contribute to the definition of its microplates and terranes. Terranes of the central and western Arabian Shield are generally thought to represent intraoceanic island arcs that range in age from about 900 to 640 Ma; however, a region of the eastern Arabian Shield contains rocks of Early Proterozoic age and may represent an exotic continental fragment entrained between the arc complexes.
Ophiolites of the Yanbu suture (northwestern shield), dated by UPb (zircon) and SmNd (mineral isochron) methods, yield model ages of 740–780 Ma. These are among the oldest well-dated rocks in the northwestern Arabian Shield. Ages from the Jabal al Wask complex overlap with ages of adjacent arc rocks. This overlap in age supports geologic and geochemical evidence that the Wask complex represents a fragment of back-arc oceanic lithosphere formed during arc magmatism. Older ages of about 780 Ma for gabbro from the Jabal Ess ophiolite suggest that the ophiolite is either a fragment of fore-arc oceanic crust or oceanic basement on which an arc was built.
Gabbro samples from ophiolites of the Bir Umq suture (west-central Arabian Shield) yield zircons with ages of 820–870 Ma and
Plagiogranite from the Bir Tuluhah ophiolitic complex at the northern end of the 900 km-long Nabitah mobile belt was dated by the zircon U Pb method at ∼ 830 Ma. This date is in the range of the oldest dated arc rocks along the northern and central parts of the Nabitah suture, but is ∼ 100 Ma older than the oldest arc plutons (tonalites) associated with the southern part of the belt. These age relations suggest that the northern part of the Nabitah belt contains an extension of the Bir Umq suture that was transposed parallel to the Nabitah trend during collision of the arc terranes of the northwest Arabian Shield with the Afif plate to the east.
Feldspar lead-isotope data from the ophiolites are of three types: (1) lead from the ophiolitic rocks and arc tonalites of the northwestern Shield and ophiolitic rocks of the Nabitah suture is similar to lead in modern mid-ocean ridge basalt, (2) anomalous radiogenic data from the Thurwah ophiolite are from rocks that contain zircons from pre-late Proterozoic continental crust, and (3) feldspar from the Urd ophiolite shows retarded uranogenic lead growth and is related either to an anomalous and perhaps primitive oceanic mantle source, or in an unknown manner to ancient continental mantle or lower crust of the eastern Arabian Shield.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0301-9268(88)90092-7","issn":"03019268","usgsCitation":"Pallister, J., Stacey, J.S., Fischer, L.B., and Premo, W.R., 1988, Precambrian ophiolites of Arabia: Geologic settings, U Pb geochronology, Pb-isotope characteristics, and implications for continental accretion: Precambrian Research, v. 38, no. 1, p. 1-54, https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-9268(88)90092-7.","productDescription":"54 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"54","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225972,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Saudi Arabia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 35.05297344331822,\n 29.16738485317299\n ],\n [\n 35.05297344331822,\n 16.88173319337257\n ],\n [\n 44.92770230319408,\n 16.88173319337257\n ],\n [\n 44.92770230319408,\n 29.16738485317299\n ],\n [\n 35.05297344331822,\n 29.16738485317299\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"38","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8105e4b0c8380cd7b312","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pallister, J.S.","contributorId":46534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pallister","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stacey, J. S.","contributorId":72785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stacey","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fischer, L. B.","contributorId":107293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Premo, W. R. 0000-0001-9904-4801","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9904-4801","contributorId":22782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Premo","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70014342,"text":"70014342 - 1988 - Lognormal kriging for the assessment of reliability in groundwater quality control observation networks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-23T16:53:46.443201","indexId":"70014342","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lognormal kriging for the assessment of reliability in groundwater quality control observation networks","docAbstract":"Groundwater quality observation networks are examples of discontinuous sampling on variables presenting spatial continuity and highly skewed frequency distributions. Anywhere in the aquifer, lognormal kriging provides estimates of the variable being sampled and a standard error of the estimate. The average and the maximum standard error within the network can be used to dynamically improve the network sampling efficiency or find a design able to assure a given reliability level. The approach does not require the formulation of any physical model for the aquifer or any actual sampling of hypothetical configurations. A case study is presented using the network monitoring salty water intrusion into the Llobregat delta confined aquifer, Barcelona, Spain. The variable chloride concentration used to trace the intrusion exhibits sudden changes within short distances which make the standard error fairly invariable to changes in sampling pattern and to substantial fluctuations in the number of wells.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(88)90006-6","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Candela, L., Olea, R., and Custodio, E., 1988, Lognormal kriging for the assessment of reliability in groundwater quality control observation networks: Journal of Hydrology, v. 103, no. 1-2, p. 67-84, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(88)90006-6.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"67","endPage":"84","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225889,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"103","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a494ae4b0c8380cd684be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Candela, L.","contributorId":18913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Candela","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olea, Ricardo A. 0000-0003-4308-0808","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4308-0808","contributorId":26436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olea","given":"Ricardo A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":368162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Custodio, E.","contributorId":42366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custodio","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014441,"text":"70014441 - 1988 - A multiple-objective optimal exploration strategy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-14T15:05:04.102509","indexId":"70014441","displayToPublicDate":"2002-04-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2702,"text":"Mathematical and Computer Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A multiple-objective optimal exploration strategy","docAbstract":"Exploration for natural resources is accomplished through partial sampling of extensive domains. Such imperfect knowledge is subject to sampling error. Complex systems of equations resulting from modelling based on the theory of correlated random fields are reduced to simple analytical expressions providing global indices of estimation variance. The indices are utilized by multiple objective decision criteria to find the best sampling strategies. The approach is not limited by geometric nature of the sampling, covers a wide range in spatial continuity and leads to a step-by-step procedure.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0895-7177(88)90525-0","issn":"08957177","usgsCitation":"Christakos, G., and Olea, R., 1988, A multiple-objective optimal exploration strategy: Mathematical and Computer Modelling, v. 11, p. 413-418, https://doi.org/10.1016/0895-7177(88)90525-0.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"413","endPage":"418","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":488394,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0895-7177(88)90525-0","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":225576,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e48ee4b0c8380cd4670e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christakos, G.","contributorId":87685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christakos","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olea, Ricardo A. 0000-0003-4308-0808","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4308-0808","contributorId":26436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olea","given":"Ricardo A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":368404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013356,"text":"70013356 - 1988 - A simple approach to nonlinear estimation of physical systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-14T15:07:46.939812","indexId":"70013356","displayToPublicDate":"2002-04-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2702,"text":"Mathematical and Computer Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A simple approach to nonlinear estimation of physical systems","docAbstract":"Recursive algorithms for estimating the states of nonlinear physical systems are developed. This requires some key hypotheses regarding the structure of the underlying processes. Members of this class of random processes have several desirable properties for the nonlinear estimation of random signals. An assumption is made about the form of the estimator, which may then take account of a wide range of applications. Under the above assumption, the estimation algorithm is mathematically suboptimal but effective and computationally attractive. It may be compared favorably to Taylor series-type filters, nonlinear filters which approximate the probability density by Edgeworth or Gram-Charlier series, as well as to conventional statistical linearization-type estimators. To link theory with practice, some numerical results for a simulated system are presented, in which the responses from the proposed and the extended Kalman algorithms are compared.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0895-7177(88)90560-2","issn":"08957177","usgsCitation":"Christakos, G., 1988, A simple approach to nonlinear estimation of physical systems: Mathematical and Computer Modelling, v. 11, p. 583-588, https://doi.org/10.1016/0895-7177(88)90560-2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"583","endPage":"588","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":488054,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0895-7177(88)90560-2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":220194,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e58be4b0c8380cd46dfb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christakos, G.","contributorId":87685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christakos","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2,"text":"wsp2267 - 1988 - Analysis of alternative modifications for reducing backwater at the Interstate Highway 10 crossing of the Pearl River near Slidell, Louisiana","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":6979,"text":"ofr84443 - 1984 - Analysis of alternative modifications for reducing backwater at the I-10 crossing of the Pearl River near Slidell, Louisiana","indexId":"ofr84443","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"Analysis of alternative modifications for reducing backwater at the I-10 crossing of the Pearl River near Slidell, Louisiana"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2,"text":"wsp2267 - 1988 - Analysis of alternative modifications for reducing backwater at the Interstate Highway 10 crossing of the Pearl River near Slidell, Louisiana","indexId":"wsp2267","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"title":"Analysis of alternative modifications for reducing backwater at the Interstate Highway 10 crossing of the Pearl River near Slidell, Louisiana"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:10","indexId":"wsp2267","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2267","title":"Analysis of alternative modifications for reducing backwater at the Interstate Highway 10 crossing of the Pearl River near Slidell, Louisiana","docAbstract":"In April 1979 and April 1980, major flooding along the lower Pearl River caused extensive damage to homes located on the flood plain in the Slidell, Louisiana, area. In response to questions about causes of these floods and means of mitigating future floods, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development, Office of Highways, and the U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, used a two-dimensional finite-element surface-water flow-modeling system to study the effect of four alternative modifications for improving the hydraulic characteristics of the Interstate Highway 10 crossing of the flood plain near Slidell. The analysis used the model's capability to simulate changes in flood-plain topography, flood-plain vegetative cover, and highway-embankment geometry. \r\n\r\nCompared with the existing highway crossing, the four alternative modifications reduce backwater and average velocities through bridge openings for a flood of the magnitude of the 1980 flood. The four alternatives also eliminate roadway overtopping during such a flood. For the four modifications, maximum backwater on the west side of the flood plain ranges from 0.3 to 1.1 feet and on the east side from 0.3 to 0.7 foot. Results of the alternative-model simulations show that backwater is greater on the west side of the flood plain than on the east side, but upstream from Interstate Highway 10 backwater decreases more rapidly in the upstream direction on the west side of the flood plain than on the east side. Downstream from Interstate Highway 10, modeling of the four alternatives indicates that backwater and drawdown still occur on the east and west sides of the flood plain, respectively, but are less than the values computed for the April 1980 flood with Interstate Highway 10 in place. \r\n\r\nIn addition to other highway-crossing modifications, alternatives 2 and 3 include simulation of a new 2,000-foot bridge opening, and ,alternative 4 includes simulation of a 1,000-foot bridge opening. The new bridge conveys 25, 23, and 21 percent of the total computed discharge in alternatives 2, 3, and 4, respectively. The average velocity through the new bridge is 2.0, 1.9, and 3.4 feet per second for alternatives 2, 3, and 4, respectively.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2267","usgsCitation":"Wiche, G.J., Gilbert, J.J., Froehlich, D.C., and Lee, J.K., 1988, Analysis of alternative modifications for reducing backwater at the Interstate Highway 10 crossing of the Pearl River near Slidell, Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2267, vi, 48 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.; 8 plates in pocket, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2267.","productDescription":"vi, 48 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.; 8 plates in pocket","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":136243,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2267/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":246936,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2267/plate-1.pdf","size":"1395","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":246937,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2267/plate-2.pdf","size":"1154","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":246938,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2267/plate-3.pdf","size":"1384","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":246939,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2267/plate-4.pdf","size":"1117","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":246940,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2267/plate-5.pdf","size":"1423","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":246941,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2267/plate-6.pdf","size":"1213","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":246942,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2267/plate-7.pdf","size":"1402","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":246943,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2267/plate-8.pdf","size":"1156","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":24585,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2267/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad0e4b07f02db680ab3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wiche, Gregg J. gjwiche@usgs.gov","contributorId":1675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiche","given":"Gregg","email":"gjwiche@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":141782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gilbert, J. J.","contributorId":12448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilbert","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":141783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Froehlich, David C.","contributorId":58617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Froehlich","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":141784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lee, Jonathan K.","contributorId":60186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":141785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":12682,"text":"ofr88403 - 1988 - The Creede, Colorado ore-forming system; a summary model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:39","indexId":"ofr88403","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-403","title":"The Creede, Colorado ore-forming system; a summary model","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr88403","usgsCitation":"Bethke, P.M., 1988, The Creede, Colorado ore-forming system; a summary model: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-403, 30 p. :ill. (some col.), maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr88403.","productDescription":"30 p. :ill. (some col.), maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":145697,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0403/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":41093,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0403/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67ec88","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bethke, P. M.","contributorId":32921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bethke","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1099,"text":"wsp2331 - 1988 - Simulation of saltwater movement in the Floridan aquifer system, Hilton Head Island, South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-22T20:02:33.058986","indexId":"wsp2331","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2331","title":"Simulation of saltwater movement in the Floridan aquifer system, Hilton Head Island, South Carolina","docAbstract":"Freshwater to supply Hilton Head Island, S.C., is obtained from the upper permeable zone of the Upper Floridan aquifer. Long-term pumping at Savannah, Ga., and the steadily increasing pumping on Hilton Head Island, have lowered Upper Floridan heads near the center of the island from about 10 feet above sea level to about 6 to 7 feet below sea level. The seaward hydraulic gradient that existed before pumping began has been reversed, thus increasing the potential for saltwater intrusion. Simulations of predevelopment, recent, and future ground-water flow in the Floridan aquifer system beneath the north end of Hilton Head Island and Port Royal Sound are presented. A finite-element model for fluid-density-dependent ground-water flow and solute transport was used in cross section. \r\n\r\nThe general configuration of the simulated predevelopment flowfield is typical of a coastal aquifer having a seaward gradient in the freshwater. The freshwater flows toward Port Royal Sound over an intruding wedge of saltwater. The simulated flowfield at the end of 1983 shows that ground water in the Floridan aquifer system beneath most of Hilton Head Island has reversed its predevelopment direction and is moving toward Savannah. The distribution of chloride concentrations, based on simulation at the end of 1983, is about the same as the predevelopment distribution of chloride concentrations obtained from simulation. \r\n\r\nResults of two 50-year simulations from 1983 to 2034 suggest that there will be no significant threat of saltwater intrusion into the upper permeable zone of the Upper Floridan aquifer if heads on Hilton Head Island remain at current levels for the next 45 to 50 years. However, if head decline continues at the historical rate, any flow that presently occurs from the north end of the island toward Port Royal Sound will cease, allowing lateral intrusion of saltwater to proceed. Even under these conditions, chloride concentrations in the upper permeable zone of the Upper Floridan aquifer beneath Hilton Head Island should remain below 250 milligrams per liter for the next 45 to 50 years. \r\n\r\nAquifer properties and selected boundary conditions were tested with several 1,000-year simulations which show that lateral permeability, transverse dispersivity, and landward boundary flow have the most influence on saltwater movement in the Upper Floridan aquifer.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp2331","usgsCitation":"Bush, P.W., 1988, Simulation of saltwater movement in the Floridan aquifer system, Hilton Head Island, South Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2331, iv, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2331.","productDescription":"iv, 19 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":407243,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25433.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":138095,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2331/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25829,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2331/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Hilton Head Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.82916259765625,\n 32.10700619594571\n ],\n [\n -80.81817626953125,\n 32.10467965495091\n ],\n [\n -80.72410583496094,\n 32.15236189465577\n ],\n [\n -80.66368103027344,\n 32.22325762025166\n ],\n [\n -80.73028564453125,\n 32.27552233695385\n ],\n [\n -80.7501983642578,\n 32.249393738633515\n ],\n [\n -80.760498046875,\n 32.227904590766364\n ],\n [\n -80.78384399414062,\n 32.22558113520613\n ],\n [\n -80.78521728515625,\n 32.20699135272648\n ],\n [\n -80.79139709472656,\n 32.176774851931214\n ],\n [\n -80.79483032226562,\n 32.15584986046307\n ],\n [\n -80.81130981445312,\n 32.145966944021744\n ],\n [\n -80.82984924316406,\n 32.120964197033615\n ],\n [\n -80.82916259765625,\n 32.10700619594571\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a63d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bush, Peter W.","contributorId":57820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bush","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3463,"text":"cir969 - 1988 - The role of sediments in the chemistry of aquatic systems - Proceedings of the sediment chemistry workshop, February 8-12, 1982","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-08T16:23:52","indexId":"cir969","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"969","title":"The role of sediments in the chemistry of aquatic systems - Proceedings of the sediment chemistry workshop, February 8-12, 1982","docAbstract":"A workshop on sediment chemistry was held at the U.S. Geological Survey National Headquarters in Reston, Virginia, February 8-12, 1982, to discuss the state of the science and possible future directions for research and operational programs in the Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey. Technical papers presented broad overviews of current conceptual models for and research on the interactions between sediments, water, and biota with respect to the occurrence, distribution, movement, and fate of metals and organic substances in aquatic systems. Five separate disciplines within the overall theme were discussed: physical and chemical partitioning of inorganic constituents; analysis association, and effects of organic constituents; bioavailability of sediment-bound metals; concepts and methods regarding physical properties of sediments; and simulation of transport-related properties. The discussions of the participants regarding needs and possible future directions are summarized. The papers and discussions should help guide individual investigators and policy/program managers alike for the next several years.","conferenceTitle":"Sediment Chemistry Workshop","conferenceDate":"February 8-12, 1982","conferenceLocation":"Reston, VA","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir969","usgsCitation":"1988, The role of sediments in the chemistry of aquatic systems - Proceedings of the sediment chemistry workshop, February 8-12, 1982: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 969, iv, 75 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir969.","productDescription":"iv, 75 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":30474,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1988/0969/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124726,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1988/0969/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b1558","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Bradford, Wesley L.","contributorId":95451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradford","given":"Wesley","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":727924,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Horowitz, Arthur J. 0000-0002-3296-730X horowitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3296-730X","contributorId":1400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horowitz","given":"Arthur","email":"horowitz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":727925,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":13896,"text":"ofr88258A - 1988 - DLG2ISM, a Fortran program to read DLG-3 optional format digital data files into the VAX/VMS version of the interactive surface modeling software package","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:44","indexId":"ofr88258A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-258","chapter":"A","title":"DLG2ISM, a Fortran program to read DLG-3 optional format digital data files into the VAX/VMS version of the interactive surface modeling software package","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr88258A","usgsCitation":"Green, G., 1988, DLG2ISM, a Fortran program to read DLG-3 optional format digital data files into the VAX/VMS version of the interactive surface modeling software package: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-258, 18 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr88258A.","productDescription":"18 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":145228,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0258a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":42535,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0258a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67eaa7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Green, G.N.","contributorId":22349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"G.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":15006,"text":"ofr88605 - 1988 - Results of a geochemical survey, Aban Al Ahmar Quadrangle, Sheet 25F, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-02T14:47:16","indexId":"ofr88605","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-605","title":"Results of a geochemical survey, Aban Al Ahmar Quadrangle, Sheet 25F, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","docAbstract":"The interpretation of geochemical data from a regional survey of the Aban al Ahmar quadrangle resulted in the selection of areas for follow-up studies. The results of detailed geochemical studies of these areas, combined with field observation, resulted in the selection of areas of moderate to high mineral resource potential. The most important areas are (1) the Jibal Minyah area, Aban al Asmar area, Jibal Suwaj area, and Nubayah area where tin and tungsten mineralization are associated with Abanat-suite rocks or possible buried Abanat-suite plutons; (2) several areas containing rocks of the Murdama group in the northern part of the quadrangle, the Buqaya al Luaah area, and the Jabal Akkash area where precious- and base-metal mineralization are generally associated with small Idah-suite plutons; and (3) the southern periphery of Jibal Qitan associated with skarn mineralization.
\nThe Aban al Ahmar quadrangle (sheet 25F) lies in the northeastern part of the Proterozoic Arabian Shield. Plots showing the distribution of single elements and factor scores of the regional geochemical data for wadi concentrates were used to select favorable areas for follow-up work. Detailed follow-up studies consisted of the collection of samples of rocks, wadi concentrates, and wadi sediments. The most useful pathfinder elements for precious- and base-metal mineralization are Cu and Pb, and for tin and tungsten mineralization they are Sn, La, Nb, Y, and Be. R-mode factor analysis of the regional geochemical data resulted in two factors that reflect mineralization: precious- and base-metal mineralization; and Abanat-suite lithology and, therefore, tin and tungsten mineralization.
\nA major problem in the interpretation of the regional geochemical data resulted from incomplete removal of magnetite from the samples prior to analysis. The presence of magnetite can cause anomalous values of Ni, Fe, V, Cu, and Co in samples because of it's ability to incorporate these elements into its structure during magmatic crystallization.
","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr88605","usgsCitation":"Miller, W.R., and Arnold, M.A., 1988, Results of a geochemical survey, Aban Al Ahmar Quadrangle, Sheet 25F, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-605, iv, 76 p. ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr88605.","productDescription":"iv, 76 p. ill., maps ;28 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":147523,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0605/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":43835,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0605/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"Saudi Arabia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 42,\n 25\n ],\n [\n 42,\n 26\n ],\n [\n 44,\n 26\n ],\n [\n 44,\n 25\n ],\n [\n 42,\n 25\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db625277","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, W. Roger","contributorId":60191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Roger","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arnold, M. A.","contributorId":96697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arnold","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":14994,"text":"ofr88345 - 1988 - User's guide for RIV2; a package for routing and accounting of river discharge for a modular, three-dimensional, finite-difference, ground- water flow model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:06","indexId":"ofr88345","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-345","title":"User's guide for RIV2; a package for routing and accounting of river discharge for a modular, three-dimensional, finite-difference, ground- water flow model","docAbstract":"RIV2 is a package for the U.S. Geological Survey 's modular, three-dimensional, finite-difference, groundwater flow model developed by M. G. McDonald and A. W. Harbaugh that simulates river-discharge routing. RIV2 replaces RIVI, the original river package used in the model. RIV2 preserves the basic logic of RIV1, but better represents river-discharge routing. The main features of RIV2 are (1) The river system is divided into reaches and simulated river discharge is routed from one node to the next. (2) Inflow (river discharge) entering the upstream end of a reach can be specified. (3) More than one river can be represented at one node and rivers can cross, as when representing a siphon. (4) The quantity of leakage to or from the aquifer at a given node is proportional to the hydraulic-head difference between that specified for the river and that calculated for the aquifer. Also, the quantity of leakage to the aquifer at any node can be limited by the user and, within this limit, the maximum leakage to the aquifer is the discharge available in the river. This feature allows for the simulation of intermittent rivers and drains that have no discharge routed to their upstream reaches. (5) An accounting of river discharge is maintained. Neither stage-discharge relations nor storage in the river or river banks is simulated. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr88345","usgsCitation":"Miller, R.S., 1988, User's guide for RIV2; a package for routing and accounting of river discharge for a modular, three-dimensional, finite-difference, ground- water flow model: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-345, iii, 33 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr88345.","productDescription":"iii, 33 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":148777,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0345/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":43820,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0345/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4ea2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Roger S.","contributorId":85605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2538,"text":"wsp2309 - 1988 - Quantitative assessment of the shallow ground-water flow system associated with Connetquot Brook, Long Island, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:30","indexId":"wsp2309","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2309","title":"Quantitative assessment of the shallow ground-water flow system associated with Connetquot Brook, Long Island, New York","docAbstract":"Streamflow on Long Island is derived principally from shallow ground water that flows above the deeper regional flow system. The movement of shallow ground water was studied during 1975-82 at Connetquot Brook, an undisturbed stream in Connetquot River State Park, in south-central Long Island, New York. The investigation encompassed (1) field studies of streamflow, ground-water levels, and age of water as indicated by tritium and dissolved-oxygen concentrations and (2) numerical simulation of the shallow flow system to evaluate the hydraulic factors that govern the direction of shallow ground-water flow near and beneath the stream. \r\n\r\nAnalysis of water-level data indicates that ground water flows essentially horizontally throughout the drainage basin except near and beneath the stream, where it moves vertically upward toward the stream discharge boundary. Water levels in wells driven directly into the streambed and into the streambank at three sites were 1 to 2 feet higher than stream stage in the first 5 feet of penetration. Increases in head, which were detected to depths of 30 feet beneath the streambed, indicate upward movement of water above that depth. Hydraulic conductivity of the streambed sediments was calculated from head gradients in the streambed and from measured stream seepage; values were between 11 and 15 feet per day. \r\n\r\nWater samples from selected wells were analyzed for dissolved-oxygen and tritium concentrations to determine the relative age of the water in an attempt to locate the bottom boundary of the shallow flow system. Dissolved oxygen showed no pattern, but tritium concentrations about 1,000 feet from the stream were lower than those near the stream. The tritium concentrations indicate that the lower flow boundary was between 45 and 100 feet below the water table. \r\n\r\nA two-dimensional cross-sectional flow model of the shallow flow system was developed. The near-stream model response compared well with field data when the streambed discharge boundary was simulated as a uniform leaky bed. A systematic sensitivity analysis was done to determine which factors have the greatest influence on hydraulic head in the system. Ten dimensional parameters that describe the important aspects of the flow system were combined into a series of dimensionless parameters to simplify analysis. Results indicate that (1) streambed factors (width and hydraulic conductivity) are most influential upon heads near the stream, (2) factors representing thickness of the shallow flow system influence heads distant from the stream but have a negligible effect near the stream, and (3) factors that represent the quantity of water entering the system (recharge) influence the heads throughout the area. \r\n\r\nField measurements of hydraulic head indicate that the thickness of the shallow flow system below the stream channel is about 30 feet. However, results of the sensitivity analysis indicate that the shallow system's thickness has a negligible effect on head distribution beneath the stream.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2309","usgsCitation":"Prince, K.R., Franke, O.L., and Reilly, T.E., 1988, Quantitative assessment of the shallow ground-water flow system associated with Connetquot Brook, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2309, iv, 28 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2309.","productDescription":"iv, 28 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138637,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2309/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28779,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2309/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a832b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prince, Keith R. krprince@usgs.gov","contributorId":1413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prince","given":"Keith","email":"krprince@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":145367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Franke, O. Lehn","contributorId":63357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franke","given":"O.","email":"","middleInitial":"Lehn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reilly, Thomas E. tereilly@usgs.gov","contributorId":1660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reilly","given":"Thomas","email":"tereilly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":145368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":25386,"text":"wri854127 - 1988 - Alternative sources of large seasonal ground-water supplies in the headwaters of the Susquehanna River basin, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:29","indexId":"wri854127","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4127","title":"Alternative sources of large seasonal ground-water supplies in the headwaters of the Susquehanna River basin, New York","docAbstract":"The northern divide of the Susquehanna River basin crosses 29 broad valleys that contain thick glacial deposits but are drained only by small headwater streams. Much groundwater could be withdrawn from sand and gravel deposits in these valleys with little immediate effect on streamflow. A digital model of the headwater reach of one typical valley suggests that pumping 10.8 million gal/day for 2 months every summer would lower the water table as much as 33 ft, cause the upper 1,900 ft of the stream draining the valley to go dry, and reduce streamflow downvalley by 1.2 million gal/day by the time pumping ceased. Saturated thickness of surficial sand and gravel exceeds 40 ft in about half the headwater valley reaches; the valley floor areas range from 0.2 to 9 sq mi. Seepage losses from small streams that carry runoff from adjacent till-covered uplands are a major source of recharge to aquifers in these valleys under natural conditions and would increase if the water table were lowered by seasonal withdrawals. Some aquifers beneath extensive clay layers in these and other valleys of the Susquehanna River basin may be partially independent of streams but not easily evaluated. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854127","usgsCitation":"Randall, A., Snavely, D.S., Holecek, T., and Waller, R., 1988, Alternative sources of large seasonal ground-water supplies in the headwaters of the Susquehanna River basin, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4127, v, 121 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854127.","productDescription":"v, 121 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122814,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4127/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54120,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4127/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adde4b07f02db686aed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Randall, A. D.","contributorId":81077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Randall","given":"A. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Snavely, D. S.","contributorId":103692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snavely","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holecek, T.P.","contributorId":76358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holecek","given":"T.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Waller, R.M.","contributorId":13659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waller","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}