Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM) is generally acknowledged to increase risk for human morbidity and mortality. However, particulate matter (PM) research has generally examined anthropogenic (industry and combustion by-products) sources with few studies considering contributions from geogenic PM (produced from the Earth by natural processes, e.g., volcanic ash, windborne ash from wildfires, and mineral dusts) or geoanthropogenic PM (produced from natural sources by processes that are modified or enhanced by human activities, e.g., dusts from lakebeds dried by human removal of water, dusts produced from areas that have undergone desertification as a result of human practices). Globally, public health concerns are mounting, related to potential increases in dust emission from climate related changes such as desertification and the associated long range as well as local health effects. Recent epidemiological studies have identified associations between far-traveled dusts from primary sources and increased morbidity and mortality in Europe and Asia. This paper provides an outline of public health research and history as it relates to naturally occurring inorganic mineral dusts. We summarize results of current public health research and describe some of the many challenges related to understanding health effects from exposures to dust aerosols.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.aeolia.2012.12.001","usgsCitation":"Morman, S.A., and Plumlee, G.S., 2013, The role of airborne mineral dusts in human disease: Aeolian Research, v. 9, p. 203-212, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeolia.2012.12.001.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"203","endPage":"212","ipdsId":"IP-040810","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343170,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595611c3e4b0d1f9f05067c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morman, Suzette A. 0000-0002-2532-1033 smorman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2532-1033","contributorId":996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morman","given":"Suzette","email":"smorman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":702802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plumlee, Geoffrey S. 0000-0002-9607-5626 gplumlee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9607-5626","contributorId":960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plumlee","given":"Geoffrey","email":"gplumlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":702801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70039969,"text":"70039969 - 2013 - The giant Pebble Cu-Au-Mo deposit and surrounding region, southwest Alaska: Introduction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-11T17:24:03.836376","indexId":"70039969","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The giant Pebble Cu-Au-Mo deposit and surrounding region, southwest Alaska: Introduction","docAbstract":"The Pebble deposit is located about 320 km southwest of and 27 km northwest of the village of Iliamna in Alaska (Fig. 1A). It is one of the largest porphyry deposits in terms of contained Cu (Fig. 2A) and it has the largest Au endowment of any porphyry deposit in the world (Fig. 2B). The deposit comprises the Pebble West and Pebble East zones that represent two coeval hydrothermal centers within a single system (Lang et al., 2013). Together the measured and indicated resources total 5,942 million metric tons (Mt) at 0.42% Cu, 0.35 g/t Au, and 250 ppm Mo with an inferred resource of 4,835 Mt at 0.24% Cu, 0.26 g/t Au, and 215 ppm Mo. In addition, the deposit contains significant concentrations of Ag, Pd, and Re (Northern Dynasty Minerals, 2011).","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/econgeo.108.3.397","usgsCitation":"Kelley, K., Lang, J.R., and Eppinger, R.G., 2013, The giant Pebble Cu-Au-Mo deposit and surrounding region, southwest Alaska: Introduction: Economic Geology, v. 108, no. 3, p. 397-404, https://doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.108.3.397.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"397","endPage":"404","ipdsId":"IP-038120","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273602,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","city":"Pebble","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -157.335205078125,\n 58.338334351348074\n ],\n [\n -152.2265625,\n 58.338334351348074\n ],\n [\n -152.2265625,\n 61.944118091023746\n ],\n [\n -157.335205078125,\n 61.944118091023746\n ],\n [\n -157.335205078125,\n 58.338334351348074\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"108","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-03-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b838dde4b03203c522b1a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kelley, Karen D. 0000-0002-3232-5809","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3232-5809","contributorId":57817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelley","given":"Karen D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lang, James R.","contributorId":39679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lang","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eppinger, Robert G. eppinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eppinger","given":"Robert","email":"eppinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70040149,"text":"70040149 - 2013 - Multi-species call-broadcast improved detection of endangered Yuma clapper rail compared to single-species call-broadcast","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-29T09:30:55","indexId":"70040149","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multi-species call-broadcast improved detection of endangered Yuma clapper rail compared to single-species call-broadcast","docAbstract":"Broadcasting calls of marsh birds during point-count surveys increases their detection probability and decreases variation in the number of birds detected across replicate surveys. However, multi-species monitoring using call-broadcast may reduce these benefits if birds are reluctant to call once they hear broadcasted calls of other species. We compared a protocol that uses call-broadcast for only one species (Yuma clapper rail [Rallus longirostris yumanensis]) to a protocol that uses call-broadcast for multiple species. We detected more of each of the following species using the multi-species protocol: 25 % more pied-billed grebes, 160 % more American bitterns, 52 % more least bitterns, 388 % more California black rails, 12 % more Yuma clapper rails, 156 % more Virginia rails, 214 % more soras, and 19 % more common gallinules. Moreover, the coefficient of variation was smaller when using the multi-species protocol: 10 % smaller for pied-billed grebes, 38 % smaller for American bitterns, 19 % smaller for least bitterns, 55 % smaller for California black rails, 5 % smaller for Yuma clapper rails, 38 % smaller for Virginia rails, 44 % smaller for soras, and 8 % smaller for common gallinules. Our results suggest that multi-species monitoring approaches may be more effective and more efficient than single-species approaches even when using call-broadcast.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s13157-013-0425-x","usgsCitation":"Nadeau, C.P., Conway, C.J., Piest, L., and Burger, W.P., 2013, Multi-species call-broadcast improved detection of endangered Yuma clapper rail compared to single-species call-broadcast: Wetlands, v. 33, no. 4, p. 699-706, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-013-0425-x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"699","endPage":"706","ipdsId":"IP-036080","costCenters":[{"id":127,"text":"Arizona Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273626,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273625,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13157-013-0425-x"}],"volume":"33","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-05-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b838dce4b03203c522b196","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nadeau, Christopher P.","contributorId":105956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nadeau","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conway, Courtney J. 0000-0003-0492-2953 cconway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0492-2953","contributorId":2951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conway","given":"Courtney","email":"cconway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Piest, Linden","contributorId":104797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piest","given":"Linden","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burger, William P.","contributorId":54872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burger","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70046403,"text":"fs20133031 - 2013 - Water resources of Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-11T11:22:44","indexId":"fs20133031","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-3031","title":"Water resources of Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana","docAbstract":"In 2010, about 85.1 million gallons per day (Mgal/d) of water were withdrawn in Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana. Surface-water sources accounted for almost all withdrawals; groundwater sources accounted for only 0.04 Mgal/d. Industrial use accounted for about 92 percent of the total water withdrawn. Other categories of use included public supply, rural domestic, and livestock. Water-use data collected at 5-year intervals from 1960 to 2010 indicated that water withdrawals in Plaquemines Parish peaked at about 177 Mgal/d in 1975. The peak resulted primarily from an increase in industrial surface-water withdrawals from about 23.8 Mgal/d in 1970 to 171 Mgal/d in 1975. Since 1975, water withdrawals have ranged from about 157 to 85.1 Mgal/d, with industrial surface-water withdrawals accounting for most of the variation.\n\nThis fact sheet summarizes basic information on the water resources of Plaquemines Parish. Information on groundwater and surface-water availability, quality, development, use, and trends is based on previously published reports listed in the Selected References section.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20133031","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development","usgsCitation":"Prakken, L., 2013, Water resources of Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2013-3031, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20133031.","productDescription":"6 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273600,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20133031.gif"},{"id":273598,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3031/"},{"id":273599,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3031/pdf/FS2013-3031_Plaquemines.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","county":"Plaquemines Parish","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90.166666,29.833333 ], [ -90.166666,30.166666 ], [ -89.833333,30.166666 ], [ -89.833333,29.833333 ], [ -90.166666,29.833333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b838dee4b03203c522b1aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prakken, Larry B.","contributorId":86673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prakken","given":"Larry B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70046400,"text":"fs20133012 - 2013 - Water resources of Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-11T11:24:23","indexId":"fs20133012","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-3012","title":"Water resources of Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana","docAbstract":"In 2005, about 33.8 million gallons per day (Mgal/d) was withdrawn from water sources in Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana. Surface water sources accounted for about 86 percent (29.2 Mgal/d) of all withdrawals whereas groundwater sources accounted for about 14 percent (4.62 Mgal/d). Withdrawals for industrial use accounted for about 42 percent (14.1 Mgal/d) of the total water withdrawn (table 2). Other categories of use included public supply, rural domestic, livestock, rice irrigation, general irrigation, and aquaculture. The city of Natchitoches used almost 5.6 Mgal/d (about 5.2 Mgal/d of surface water and 0.4 Mgal/d of ground water) for public supply. Water-use data collected at 5-year intervals from 1960 to 2005 indicated that total water withdrawals increased from about 3.5 Mgal/d in 1960 to a peak of almost 35 Mgal/d in 2000.\n\nThis fact sheet summarizes basic information on the water resources of Natchitoches Parish. Information on groundwater and surface-water availability, quality, development, use, and trends is based on previously published reports listed in the Selected References section.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20133012","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development","usgsCitation":"Fendick, R., Prakken, L., and Griffith, J.M., 2013, Water resources of Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2013-3012, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20133012.","productDescription":"6 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273594,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20133012.gif"},{"id":273593,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3012/pdf/FS2013-3012_Natchitoches.pdf"},{"id":273592,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3012/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","county":"Natchitoches Parish","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -93.5,31.25 ], [ -93.5,32.25 ], [ -92.5,32.25 ], [ -92.5,31.25 ], [ -93.5,31.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b838dde4b03203c522b1a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fendick, Robert B. Jr. rfendick@usgs.gov","contributorId":1313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fendick","given":"Robert B.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"rfendick@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":479612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prakken, Larry B.","contributorId":86673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prakken","given":"Larry B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Griffith, Jason M. 0000-0002-8942-0380 jmgriff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8942-0380","contributorId":2923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffith","given":"Jason","email":"jmgriff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70190217,"text":"70190217 - 2013 - Evidence of territoriality and species interactions from spatial point-pattern analyses of subarctic-nesting geese","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-20T10:43:36","indexId":"70190217","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence of territoriality and species interactions from spatial point-pattern analyses of subarctic-nesting geese","docAbstract":"Quantifying spatial patterns of bird nests and nest fate provides insights into processes influencing a species’ distribution. At Cape Churchill, Manitoba, Canada, recent declines in breeding Eastern Prairie Population Canada geese (Branta canadensis interior) has coincided with increasing populations of nesting lesser snow geese (Chen caerulescens caerulescens) and Ross’s geese (Chen rossii). We conducted a spatial analysis of point patterns using Canada goose nest locations and nest fate, and lesser snow goose nest locations at two study areas in northern Manitoba with different densities and temporal durations of sympatric nesting Canada and lesser snow geese. Specifically, we assessed (1) whether Canada geese exhibited territoriality and at what scale and nest density; and (2) whether spatial patterns of Canada goose nest fate were associated with the density of nesting lesser snow geese as predicted by the protective-association hypothesis. Between 2001 and 2007, our data suggest that Canada geese were territorial at the scale of nearest neighbors, but were aggregated when considering overall density of conspecifics at slightly broader spatial scales. The spatial distribution of nest fates indicated that lesser snow goose nest proximity and density likely influence Canada goose nest fate. Our analyses of spatial point patterns suggested that continued changes in the distribution and abundance of breeding lesser snow geese on the Hudson Bay Lowlands may have impacts on the reproductive performance of Canada geese, and subsequently the spatial distribution of Canada goose nests.
","language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0081029","usgsCitation":"Reiter, M., and Andersen, D., 2013, Evidence of territoriality and species interactions from spatial point-pattern analyses of subarctic-nesting geese: PLoS ONE, v. 8, no. 12, Article e81029: 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0081029.","productDescription":"Article e81029: 10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-017802","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473757,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0081029","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":344978,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-12-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"599a9fb6e4b0b589267d58b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reiter, Matthew","contributorId":195769,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reiter","given":"Matthew","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17734,"text":"Point Blue Conservation Science","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":708098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andersen, David E. 0000-0001-9535-3404 dea@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9535-3404","contributorId":2168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersen","given":"David E.","email":"dea@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34539,"text":"Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":708019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70189759,"text":"70189759 - 2013 - Inferring fault rheology from low-frequency earthquakes on the San Andreas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-25T13:57:48","indexId":"70189759","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inferring fault rheology from low-frequency earthquakes on the San Andreas","docAbstract":"Families of recurring low-frequency earthquakes (LFEs) within nonvolcanic tremor (NVT) on the San Andreas fault in central California show strong sensitivity to shear stress induced by the daily tidal cycle. LFEs occur at all levels of the tidal shear stress and are in phase with the very small, ~400 Pa, stress amplitude. To quantitatively explain the correlation, we use a model from the existing literature that assumes the LFE sources are small, persistent regions that repeatedly fail during shear of a much larger scale, otherwise aseismically creeping fault zone. The LFE source patches see tectonic loading, creep of the surrounding fault which may be modulated by the tidal stress, and direct tidal loading. If the patches are small relative to the surrounding creeping fault then the stressing is dominated by fault creep, and if patch failure occurs at a threshold stress, then the resulting seismicity rate is proportional to the fault creep rate or fault zone strain rate. Using the seismicity rate as a proxy for strain rate and the tidal shear stress, we fit the data with possible fault rheologies that produce creep in laboratory experiments at temperatures of 400 to 600°C appropriate for the LFE source depth. The rheological properties of rock-forming minerals for dislocation creep and dislocation glide are not consistent with the observed fault creep because strong correlation between small stress perturbations and strain rate requires perturbation on the order of the ambient stress. The observed tidal modulation restricts ambient stress to be at most a few kilopascal, much lower than rock strength. A purely rate dependent friction is consistent with the observations only if the product of the friction rate dependence and effective normal stress is ~ 0.5 kPa. Extrapolating the friction rate strengthening dependence of phyllosilicates (talc) to depth would require the effective normal stress to be ~50 kPa, implying pore pressure is lithostatic. If the LFE source is on the order of tens of meters, as required by the model, rate-weakening friction rate dependence (e.g., olivine) at 400 to 600°C requires that the minimum effective pressure at the LFE source is ~ 2.5 MPa.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2013JB010118","usgsCitation":"Beeler, N.M., Thomas, A., Bürgmann, R., and Shelly, D.R., 2013, Inferring fault rheology from low-frequency earthquakes on the San Andreas: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 118, no. 11, p. 5976-5990, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JB010118.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"5976","endPage":"5990","ipdsId":"IP-051647","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473756,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2013jb010118","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":344245,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Andreas fault","volume":"118","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-11-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59770755e4b0ec1a48889fc8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beeler, Nicholas M. 0000-0002-3397-8481 nbeeler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3397-8481","contributorId":2682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeler","given":"Nicholas","email":"nbeeler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":706225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thomas, Amanda","contributorId":195086,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thomas","given":"Amanda","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bürgmann, Roland","contributorId":195087,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bürgmann","given":"Roland","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shelly, David R. dshelly@usgs.gov","contributorId":2978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shelly","given":"David","email":"dshelly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":706228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70046402,"text":"fs20133030 - 2013 - Water resources of St. Bernard Parish, Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-11T11:23:44","indexId":"fs20133030","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-3030","title":"Water resources of St. Bernard Parish, Louisiana","docAbstract":"In 2010, about 261 million gallons per day (Mgal/d) of water were withdrawn in St. Bernard Parish, Louisiana, almost entirely from surface-water sources. Industrial use accounted for about 97 percent (253 Mgal/d) of the total water withdrawn. Other categories of use included public supply, rural domestic, and livestock. Water-use data collected at 5-year intervals from 1960 to 2010 indicated that total water withdrawals in the parish ranged from about 138 to 720 Mgal/d, with industrial use of surface water making up the bulk of water withdrawals. The large decline in surface-water withdrawals from 1980 to 1985 was largely attributable to a decrease in industrial use from 654 Mgal/d in 1980 to 127 Mgal/d in 1985.\n\nThis fact sheet summarizes basic information on the water resources of St. Bernard Parish. Information on groundwater and surface-water availability, quality, development, use, and trends is based on previously published reports listed in the Selected References section.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20133030","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development","usgsCitation":"Prakken, L., 2013, Water resources of St. Bernard Parish, Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2013-3030, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20133030.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273597,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20133030.gif"},{"id":273595,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3030/"},{"id":273596,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3030/pdf/FS2013-3030_StBernard.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","county":"St. Bernard Parish","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90.166666,29.333333 ], [ -90.166666,30.333333 ], [ -89.833333,30.333333 ], [ -89.833333,29.333333 ], [ -90.166666,29.333333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b838dee4b03203c522b1ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prakken, Larry B.","contributorId":86673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prakken","given":"Larry B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70042649,"text":"70042649 - 2013 - Interactions between brown bears and chum salmon at McNeil River, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-11T11:53:22","indexId":"70042649","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3671,"text":"Ursus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interactions between brown bears and chum salmon at McNeil River, Alaska","docAbstract":"Predation on returning runs of adult salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) can have a large influence on their spawning success. At McNeil River State Game Sanctuary (MRSGS), Alaska, brown bears (Ursus arctos) congregate in high numbers annually along the lower McNeil River to prey upon returning adult chum salmon (O. keta). Low chum salmon escapements into McNeil River since the late 1990s have been proposed as a potential factor contributing to concurrent declines in bear numbers. The objective of this study was to determine the extent of bear predation on chum salmon in McNeil River, especially on pre-spawning fish, and use those data to adjust the escapement goal for the river. In 2005 and 2006, 105 chum salmon were radiotagged at the river mouth and tracked to determine cause and location of death. Below the falls, predators consumed 99% of tagged fish, killing 59% of them before they spawned. Subsequently, the escapement goal was nearly doubled to account for this pre-spawning mortality and to ensure enough salmon to sustain both predators and prey. This approach to integrated fish and wildlife management at MRSGS can serve as a model for other systems where current salmon escapement goals may not account for pre-spawning mortality.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ursus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Bear Research and Management","doi":"10.2192/URSUS-D-12-00006.1","usgsCitation":"Peirce, J., Otis, E.O., Wipfli, M.S., and Follmann, E., 2013, Interactions between brown bears and chum salmon at McNeil River, Alaska: Ursus, v. 24, no. 1, p. 42-53, https://doi.org/10.2192/URSUS-D-12-00006.1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"42","endPage":"53","ipdsId":"IP-043218","costCenters":[{"id":108,"text":"Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273606,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273605,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2192/URSUS-D-12-00006.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Mcneil River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -154.683928,58.939429 ], [ -154.683928,59.149124 ], [ -154.243941,59.149124 ], [ -154.243941,58.939429 ], [ -154.683928,58.939429 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"24","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b838dce4b03203c522b192","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peirce, Joshua","contributorId":42510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peirce","given":"Joshua","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Otis, Edward O.","contributorId":19065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otis","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wipfli, Mark S. 0000-0002-4856-6068 mwipfli@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4856-6068","contributorId":1425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wipfli","given":"Mark","email":"mwipfli@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Follmann, Erich H.","contributorId":75049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Follmann","given":"Erich H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70046350,"text":"70046350 - 2013 - Contaminants assessment in the coral reefs of Virgin Islands National Park and Virgin Islands Coral Reef National Monument","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-11T09:41:45","indexId":"70046350","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2676,"text":"Marine Pollution Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Contaminants assessment in the coral reefs of Virgin Islands National Park and Virgin Islands Coral Reef National Monument","docAbstract":"Coral, fish, plankton, and detritus samples were collected from coral reefs in Virgin Islands National Park (VIIS) and Virgin Islands Coral Reef National Monument (VICR) to assess existing contamination levels. Passive water sampling using polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS) and semi-permeable membrane devices found a few emerging pollutants of concern (DEET and galaxolide) and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. Very little persistent organic chemical contamination was detected in the tissue or detritus samples. Detected contaminants were at concentrations below those reported to be harmful to aquatic organisms. Extracts from the POCIS were subjected to the yeast estrogen screen (YES) to assess potential estrogenicity of the contaminant mixture. Results of the YES (estrogen equivalency of 0.17–0.31 ng/L 17-β-estradiol) indicated a low estrogenicity likelihood for contaminants extracted from water. Findings point to low levels of polar and non-polar organic contaminants in the bays sampled within VICR and VIIS.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Pollution Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.03.001","usgsCitation":"Bargar, T.A., Garrison, V.H., Alvarez, D., and Echols, K., 2013, Contaminants assessment in the coral reefs of Virgin Islands National Park and Virgin Islands Coral Reef National Monument: Marine Pollution Bulletin, v. 70, no. 1-2, p. 281-288, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.03.001.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"281","endPage":"288","ipdsId":"IP-042176","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273577,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273576,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.03.001"}],"otherGeospatial":"Virgin Islands National Park;Virgin Islands Coral Reef National Monument","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -64.940273,18.248053 ], [ -64.940273,18.378333 ], [ -64.659987,18.378333 ], [ -64.659987,18.248053 ], [ -64.940273,18.248053 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"70","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b838dae4b03203c522b186","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.03.001","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.03.001","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Bargar Timothy A., Garrison Virginia H., Alvarez David A., Echols Kathy R.","journalName":"Marine Pollution Bulletin","publicationDate":"5/2013","auditedOn":"11/1/2014"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bargar, Timothy A. 0000-0001-8588-3436 tbargar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8588-3436","contributorId":2450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bargar","given":"Timothy","email":"tbargar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garrison, Virginia H. ginger_garrison@usgs.gov","contributorId":2386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrison","given":"Virginia","email":"ginger_garrison@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alvarez, David A.","contributorId":72755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alvarez","given":"David A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Echols, Kathy","contributorId":8216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Echols","given":"Kathy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70046385,"text":"70046385 - 2013 - Sediment accretion rates and sediment composition in Prairie Pothole wetlands under varying land use practices, Montana, United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-05T10:09:00","indexId":"70046385","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2456,"text":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sediment accretion rates and sediment composition in Prairie Pothole wetlands under varying land use practices, Montana, United States","docAbstract":"Increased sedimentation and nutrient cycle changes in Prairie Pothole Region wetlands associated with agriculture threaten the permanence and ecological functionality of these important resources. To determine the effects of land use on sedimentation and nutrient cycling, soil cores were analyzed for cesium-137 (137Cs), lead-210 (210Pb), and potassium-40 (40K) activities; textural composition; organic and inorganic carbon (C); and total nitrogen (N) from twelve wetlands surrounded by cropland, Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) lands, or native prairie uplands. Separate soil cores from nine of these wetlands were also analyzed for phosphorus (P), nitrate (NO3), and ammonium (NH4) concentrations. Wetlands surrounded by cropland had significantly greater linear sediment accretion rates than wetlands surrounded by CRP or native prairie. Linear sediment accretion rates from wetlands surrounded by cropland were 2.7 and 6 times greater than wetlands surrounded by native prairie when calculated from the initial and peak occurrence of 137Cs, respectively, and 0.15 cm y−1 (0.06 in yr−1) greater when calculated from 210Pb. Relative to wetlands surrounded by CRP, linear sediment accretion rates for wetlands surrounded by cropland were 4.4 times greater when calculated from the peak occurrence of 137Cs. No significant differences existed between the linear sediment accretion rates between wetlands surrounded by native prairie or CRP uplands. Wetlands surrounded by cropland had increased clay, P, NO3, and NH4, and decreased total C and N concentrations compared to wetlands surrounded by native prairie. Wetlands surrounded by CRP had the lowest P and NO3 concentrations and had clay, NH4, C, and N concentrations between those of cropland and native prairie wetlands. We documented increased linear sediment accretion rates and changes in the textural and chemical properties of sediments in wetlands with cultivated uplands relative to wetlands with native prairie uplands. These findings demonstrate the value of the CRP at protecting wetland catchments to reduce sedimentation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Soil and Water Conservation Society","doi":"10.2489/jswc.68.3.199","usgsCitation":"Preston, T., Sojda, R., and Gleason, R., 2013, Sediment accretion rates and sediment composition in Prairie Pothole wetlands under varying land use practices, Montana, United States: Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, v. 68, no. 3, p. 199-211, https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.68.3.199.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"199","endPage":"211","ipdsId":"IP-024342","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273580,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273578,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2489/jswc.68.3.199"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.05,44.36 ], [ -116.05,49.0 ], [ -104.04,49.0 ], [ -104.04,44.36 ], [ -116.05,44.36 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"68","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-05-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b838dde4b03203c522b19a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Preston, T.M.","contributorId":80571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Preston","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sojda, R.S.","contributorId":99075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sojda","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gleason, R.A.","contributorId":46035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gleason","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70046435,"text":"sir20135113 - 2013 - A historical perspective on precipitation, drought severity, and streamflow in Texas during 1951-56 and 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-05T13:23:40","indexId":"sir20135113","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5113","title":"A historical perspective on precipitation, drought severity, and streamflow in Texas during 1951-56 and 2011","docAbstract":"The intense drought throughout Texas during 2011 resulted in substantial declines in streamflow. By April 2011, nearly all of the State was experiencing severe to extreme drought according to data from the University of Nebraska–Lincoln Drought Monitor. By the end of July 2011, more than 75 percent of the State was experiencing exceptional drought. The worst of the drought occurred around October 4, 2011, when 97 percent of Texas was suffering from extreme to exceptional drought. The historical drought of 1951–56 has long been used by water-resource managers, engineers, and scientists as a point of reference for water-supply planning. A comparison of drought conditions during the 2011 water year (October 1, 2010, through September 30, 2011) to the historical drought of 1951–56 from a hydrologic perspective serves as an additional reference for water-supply planning.
\nA record low statewide average annual precipitation of 11.27 inches for the period 1895–2011 was recorded during the 2011 water year; the prior record low statewide average precipitation was 13.91 inches during the 1956 water year. The statewide monthly Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) declined to -7.93 during September 2011, which was larger in magnitude than the statewide PDSI during any drought-affected month in the 1950s.
\nAnnual mean streamflow and streamflow-duration curves for the 1951–56 and 2011 water years were assessed for 19 unregulated U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) streamflow-gaging stations. At eight of these streamflow-gaging stations, the annual mean streamflow was lower in 2011 than for any year during 1951–56; many of these stations are located in eastern Texas. Annual mean streamflows for streamflow-gaging stations in the Guadalupe, Blanco, and upper Frio River Basins were lower in 1956 than in 2011. The streamflow-duration curves for many streamflow-gaging stations indicate a lack of (or diminished) storm runoff during 2011. Low streamflows (those exceeded 90 to 95 percent of days) were lower for 1956 than for 2011 at seven streamflow-gaging stations. For most of these stations, the lowest of the low streamflows during 1951–56 occurred in 1956. During March to September 2011, record daily lows were measured at USGS streamflow-gaging station 08041500 Village Creek near Kountze, Tex., which has more than 70 years of record. Many other USGS streamflow-gaging stations in Texas started the 2011 water year with normal streamflow but by the end of the water year were flowing at near-record lows.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135113","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Texas Water Development Board","usgsCitation":"Winters, K.E., 2013, A historical perspective on precipitation, drought severity, and streamflow in Texas during 1951-56 and 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5113, v, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135113.","productDescription":"v, 24 p.","numberOfPages":"34","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1951-01-01","temporalEnd":"2011-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-044869","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273629,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135113.jpg"},{"id":273627,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5113/"},{"id":273628,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5113/pdf/sir20135113.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -106.6,25.8 ], [ -106.6,36.5 ], [ -93.5,36.5 ], [ -93.5,25.8 ], [ -106.6,25.8 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b838d1e4b03203c522b17a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winters, Karl E. kwinters@usgs.gov","contributorId":3554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winters","given":"Karl","email":"kwinters@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":479648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70046386,"text":"70046386 - 2013 - Tamarix and Diorhabda leaf beetle interactions: implications for Tamarix water use and riparian habitat","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-11T10:00:26","indexId":"70046386","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2126,"text":"JAWRA","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tamarix and Diorhabda leaf beetle interactions: implications for Tamarix water use and riparian habitat","docAbstract":"Tamarix leaf beetles (Diorhabda carinulata) have been widely released on western United States rivers to control introduced shrubs in the genus Tamarix, with the goals of saving water through removal of an assumed high water-use plant, and of improving habitat value by removing a competitor of native riparian trees. We review recent studies addressing three questions: (1) to what extent are Tamarix weakened or killed by recurrent cycles of defoliation; (2) can significant water salvage be expected from defoliation; and (3) what are the effects of defoliation on riparian ecology, particularly on avian habit? Defoliation has been patchy at many sites, and shrubs at some sites recover each year even after multiple years of defoliation. Tamarix evapotranspiration (ET) is much lower than originally assumed in estimates of potential water savings, and are the same or lower than possible replacement plants. There is concern that the endangered southwestern willow flycatcher (Empidonax trailli extimus) will be negatively affected by defoliation because the birds build nests early in the season when Tamarix is still green, but are still on their nests during the period of summer defoliation. Affected river systems will require continued monitoring and development of adaptive management practices to maintain or enhance riparian habitat values. Multiplatform remote sensing methods are playing an essential role in monitoring defoliation and rates of ET on affected river systems.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"JAWRA","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/jawr.12053","usgsCitation":"Nagler, P., and Glenn, E., 2013, Tamarix and Diorhabda leaf beetle interactions: implications for Tamarix water use and riparian habitat: JAWRA, v. 49, no. 3, p. 534-548, https://doi.org/10.1111/jawr.12053.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"534","endPage":"548","ipdsId":"IP-037786","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273582,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273581,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jawr.12053"}],"volume":"49","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-05-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b838dde4b03203c522b19e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nagler, Pamela 0000-0003-0674-103X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0674-103X","contributorId":8748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagler","given":"Pamela","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Glenn, Edward P.","contributorId":56542,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Glenn","given":"Edward P.","affiliations":[{"id":13060,"text":"Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science, University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":479601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70046420,"text":"ofr20131095 - 2013 - Groundwater quality in western New York, 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-11T16:22:15","indexId":"ofr20131095","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1095","title":"Groundwater quality in western New York, 2011","docAbstract":"Water samples collected from 16 production wells and 15 private residential wells in western New York from July through November 2011 were analyzed to characterize the groundwater quality. Fifteen of the wells were finished in sand and gravel aquifers, and 16 were finished in bedrock aquifers. Six of the 31 wells were sampled in a previous western New York study, which was conducted in 2006. Water samples from the 2011 study were analyzed for 147 physiochemical properties and constituents that included major ions, nutrients, trace elements, radionuclides, pesticides, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and indicator bacteria. Results of the water-quality analyses are presented in tabular form for individual wells, and summary statistics for specific constituents are presented by aquifer type. The results are compared with Federal and New York State drinking-water standards, which typically are identical. The results indicate that groundwater generally is of acceptable quality, although at 30 of the 31 wells sampled, at least one of the following constituents was detected at a concentration that exceeded current or proposed Federal or New York State drinking-water standards: pH (two samples), sodium (eight samples), sulfate (three samples), total dissolved solids (nine samples), aluminum (two samples), arsenic (one sample), iron (ten samples), manganese (twelve samples), radon-222 (sixteen samples), benzene (one sample), and total coliform bacteria (nine samples). Existing drinking-water standards for color, chloride, fluoride, nitrate, nitrite, antimony, barium, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, selenium, silver, thallium, zinc, gross alpha radioactivity, uranium, fecal coliform, Escherichia coli, and heterotrophic bacteria were not exceeded in any of the samples collected. None of the pesticides analyzed exceeded existing drinking-water standards.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131095","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","usgsCitation":"Reddy, J.E., 2013, Groundwater quality in western New York, 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1095, v, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131095.","productDescription":"v, 28 p.","numberOfPages":"38","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2011-07-01","temporalEnd":"2011-11-30","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273621,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131095.gif"},{"id":273619,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1095/"},{"id":273620,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1095/pdf/ofr2013-1095_reddy_508.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -74.259088,40.495908 ], [ -74.259088,40.915241 ], [ -73.700272,40.915241 ], [ -73.700272,40.495908 ], [ -74.259088,40.495908 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b838dae4b03203c522b18a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reddy, James E. 0000-0002-6998-7267 jreddy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6998-7267","contributorId":1080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reddy","given":"James","email":"jreddy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70047853,"text":"70047853 - 2013 - A domain decomposition approach to implementing fault slip in finite-element models of quasi-static and dynamic crustal deformation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-27T13:06:23","indexId":"70047853","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-10T07:31:38","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A domain decomposition approach to implementing fault slip in finite-element models of quasi-static and dynamic crustal deformation","docAbstract":"We employ a domain decomposition approach with Lagrange multipliers to implement fault slip in a finite-element code, PyLith, for use in both quasi-static and dynamic crustal deformation applications. This integrated approach to solving both quasi-static and dynamic simulations leverages common finite-element data structures and implementations of various boundary conditions, discretization schemes, and bulk and fault rheologies. We have developed a custom preconditioner for the Lagrange multiplier portion of the system of equations that provides excellent scalability with problem size compared to conventional additive Schwarz methods. We demonstrate application of this approach using benchmarks for both quasi-static viscoelastic deformation and dynamic spontaneous rupture propagation that verify the numerical implementation in PyLith.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/jgrb.50217","usgsCitation":"Aagaard, B.T., Knepley, M., and Williams, C., 2013, A domain decomposition approach to implementing fault slip in finite-element models of quasi-static and dynamic crustal deformation: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 118, no. 6, p. 3059-3079, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrb.50217.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"3059","endPage":"3079","ipdsId":"IP-045732","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473758,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1308.5846","text":"External Repository"},{"id":277066,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":277064,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jgrb.50217"}],"volume":"118","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-06-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"521f1be0e4b0f8bf2b0760b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aagaard, Brad T. 0000-0002-8795-9833 baagaard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8795-9833","contributorId":192869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aagaard","given":"Brad","email":"baagaard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":483151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knepley, M.G.","contributorId":76634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knepley","given":"M.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, C.A.","contributorId":79571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70046333,"text":"70046333 - 2013 - Inferential consequences of modeling rather than measuring snow accumulation in studies of animal ecology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-12T11:53:47","indexId":"70046333","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inferential consequences of modeling rather than measuring snow accumulation in studies of animal ecology","docAbstract":"Abstract. It is increasingly common for studies of animal ecology to use model-based predictions of environmental variables as explanatory or predictor variables, even though model prediction uncertainty is typically unknown. To demonstrate the potential for misleading inferences when model predictions with error are used in place of direct measurements, we compared snow water equivalent (SWE) and snow depth as predicted by the Snow Data Assimilation System (SNODAS) to field measurements of SWE and snow depth. We examined locations on elk (Cervus canadensis) winter ranges in western Wyoming, because modeled data such as SNODAS output are often used for inferences on elk ecology. Overall, SNODAS predictions tended to overestimate field measurements, prediction uncertainty was high, and the difference between SNODAS predictions and field measurements was greater in snow shadows for both snow variables compared to non-snow shadow areas. We used a simple simulation of snow effects on the probability of an elk being killed by a predator to show that, if SNODAS prediction uncertainty was ignored, we might have mistakenly concluded that SWE was not an important factor in where elk were killed in predatory attacks during the winter. In this simulation, we were interested in the effects of snow at finer scales (<1 km2) than the resolution of SNODAS. If bias were to decrease when SNODAS predictions are averaged over coarser scales, SNODAS would be applicable to population-level ecology studies. In our study, however, averaging predictions over moderate to broad spatial scales (9–2200 km2) did not reduce the differences between SNODAS predictions and field measurements. This study highlights the need to carefully evaluate two issues when using model output as an explanatory variable in subsequent analysis: (1) the model’s resolution relative to the scale of the ecological question of interest and (2) the implications of prediction uncertainty on inferences when using model predictions as explanatory or predictor variables.","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/12-0959.1","usgsCitation":"Cross, P.C., Klaver, R.W., Brennan, A., Creel, S., Beckmann, J., Higgs, M., and Scurlock, B.M., 2013, Inferential consequences of modeling rather than measuring snow accumulation in studies of animal ecology: Ecological Applications, v. 23, no. 3, p. 643-653, https://doi.org/10.1890/12-0959.1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"643","endPage":"653","numberOfPages":"11","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-032991","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473759,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/8852","text":"External Repository"},{"id":273468,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273467,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/12-0959.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","volume":"23","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b6e75be4b0097a7158ab55","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cross, Paul C. 0000-0001-8045-5213 pcross@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8045-5213","contributorId":2709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cross","given":"Paul","email":"pcross@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Klaver, Robert W. 0000-0002-3263-9701 bklaver@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3263-9701","contributorId":3285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klaver","given":"Robert","email":"bklaver@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brennan, Angela","contributorId":40871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brennan","given":"Angela","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Creel, Scott","contributorId":15089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Creel","given":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Beckmann, Jon P.","contributorId":73098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beckmann","given":"Jon P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Higgs, Megan D.","contributorId":14718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Higgs","given":"Megan D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Scurlock, Brandon M.","contributorId":93788,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scurlock","given":"Brandon","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6917,"text":"Wyoming Game and Fish Department, Laramie, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":479479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70046334,"text":"70046334 - 2013 - Taming wildlife disease: bridging the gap between science and management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-10T09:41:33","indexId":"70046334","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2163,"text":"Journal of Applied Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Taming wildlife disease: bridging the gap between science and management","docAbstract":"1.Parasites and pathogens of wildlife can threaten biodiversity, infect humans and domestic animals, and cause significant economic losses, providing incentives to manage wildlife diseases. Recent insights from disease ecology have helped transform our understanding of infectious disease dynamics and yielded new strategies to better manage wildlife diseases. Simultaneously, wildlife disease management (WDM) presents opportunities for large-scale empirical tests of disease ecology theory in diverse natural systems. 2.To assess whether the potential complementarity between WDM and disease ecology theory has been realized, we evaluate the extent to which specific concepts in disease ecology theory have been explicitly applied in peer-reviewed WDM literature. 3.While only half of WDM articles published in the past decade incorporated disease ecology theory, theory has been incorporated with increasing frequency over the past 40 years. Contrary to expectations, articles authored by academics were no more likely to apply disease ecology theory, but articles that explain unsuccessful management often do so in terms of theory. 4.Some theoretical concepts such as density-dependent transmission have been commonly applied, whereas emerging concepts such as pathogen evolutionary responses to management, biodiversity–disease relationships and within-host parasite interactions have not yet been fully integrated as management considerations. 5.Synthesis and applications. Theory-based disease management can meet the needs of both academics and managers by testing disease ecology theory and improving disease interventions. Theoretical concepts that have received limited attention to date in wildlife disease management could provide a basis for improving management and advancing disease ecology in the future.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Applied Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/1365-2664.12084","usgsCitation":"Joseph, M.B., Mihaljevic, J.R., Arellano, A.L., Kueneman, J.G., Cross, P.C., and Johnson, P.T., 2013, Taming wildlife disease: bridging the gap between science and management: Journal of Applied Ecology, v. 50, no. 3, p. 702-712, https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12084.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"702","endPage":"712","numberOfPages":"11","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-029648","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473761,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12084","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":273476,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273475,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12084"}],"volume":"50","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-04-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b6e75be4b0097a7158ab61","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Joseph, Maxwell B.","contributorId":39678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joseph","given":"Maxwell","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mihaljevic, Joseph R.","contributorId":99450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mihaljevic","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arellano, Ana Lisette","contributorId":105995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arellano","given":"Ana","email":"","middleInitial":"Lisette","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kueneman, Jordan G.","contributorId":6748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kueneman","given":"Jordan","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cross, Paul C. 0000-0001-8045-5213 pcross@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8045-5213","contributorId":2709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cross","given":"Paul","email":"pcross@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Johnson, Pieter T.J.","contributorId":28508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Pieter","email":"","middleInitial":"T.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70045538,"text":"70045538 - 2013 - Age-specific survival of tundra swans on the lower Alaska Peninsula","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-20T20:24:17","indexId":"70045538","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age-specific survival of tundra swans on the lower Alaska Peninsula","docAbstract":"The population of Tundra Swans (Cygnus columbianus columbianus) breeding on the lower Alaska Peninsula represents the southern extremity of the species' range and is uniquely nonmigratory. We used data on recaptures, resightings, and recoveries of neck-collared Tundra Swans on the lower Alaska Peninsula to estimate collar loss, annual apparent survival, and other demographic parameters for the years 1978–1989. Annual collar loss was greater for adult males fitted with either the thinner collar type (0.34) or the thicker collar type (0.15) than for other age/sex classes (thinner: 0.10, thicker: 0.04). The apparent mean probability of survival of adults (0.61) was higher than that of immatures (0.41) and for both age classes varied considerably by year (adult range: 0.44–0.95, immature range: 0.25–0.90). To assess effects of permanent emigration by age and breeding class, we analyzed post hoc the encounter histories of swans known to breed in our study area. The apparent mean survival of known breeders (0.65) was generally higher than that of the entire marked sample but still varied considerably by year (range 0.26–1.00) and indicated that permanent emigration of breeding swans was likely. We suggest that reductions in apparent survival probability were influenced primarily by high and variable rates of permanent emigration and that immigration by swans from elsewhere may be important in sustaining a breeding population at and near Izembek National Wildlife Refuge.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Condor","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of California Press","doi":"10.1525/cond.2013.110213","usgsCitation":"Meixell, B.W., Lindberg, M.S., Conn, P.B., Dau, C.P., Sarvis, J.E., and Sowl, K.M., 2013, Age-specific survival of tundra swans on the lower Alaska Peninsula: The Condor, v. 115, no. 2, p. 280-289, https://doi.org/10.1525/cond.2013.110213.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"280","endPage":"289","ipdsId":"IP-041285","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473760,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1525/cond.2013.110213","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":273547,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273545,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1525/cond.2013.110213"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Alaska Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.5,51.2 ], [ 172.5,71.4 ], [ -130.0,71.4 ], [ -130.0,51.2 ], [ 172.5,51.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"115","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b6e757e4b0097a7158ab35","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meixell, Brandt W. 0000-0002-6738-0349 bmeixell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6738-0349","contributorId":138716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meixell","given":"Brandt","email":"bmeixell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lindberg, Mark S.","contributorId":63292,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lindberg","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":7211,"text":"University of Alaska, Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":477798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conn, Paul B.","contributorId":87440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conn","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dau, Christian P.","contributorId":26185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dau","given":"Christian","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sarvis, John E.","contributorId":66576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sarvis","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sowl, Kristine M.","contributorId":60372,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sowl","given":"Kristine","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12598,"text":"Izembek National Wildlife Refuge","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":477797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70046359,"text":"ds771 - 2013 - Database for the Geologic Map of Newberry Volcano, Deschutes, Klamath, and Lake Counties, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-26T08:54:34","indexId":"ds771","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"771","title":"Database for the Geologic Map of Newberry Volcano, Deschutes, Klamath, and Lake Counties, Oregon","docAbstract":"Newberry Volcano, one of the largest Quaternary volcanoes in the conterminous United States, is a broad shield-shaped volcano measuring 60 km north-south by 30 km east-west with a maximum elevation of more than 2 km. Newberry Volcano is the product of deposits from thousands of eruptions, including at least 25 in the past approximately 12,000 years (Holocene Epoch). Newberry Volcano has erupted as recently as 1,300 years ago, but isotopic ages indicate that the volcano began its growth as early as 0.6 million years ago. Such a long eruptive history and recent activity suggest that Newberry Volcano is likely to erupt in the future. This geologic map database of Newberry Volcano distinguishes rocks and deposits based on their composition, age, and lithology.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds771","collaboration":"Database for Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-2455","usgsCitation":"Bard, J.A., Ramsey, D.W., MacLeod, N.S., Sherrod, D.R., Chitwood, L.A., and Jensen, R.A., 2013, Database for the Geologic Map of Newberry Volcano, Deschutes, Klamath, and Lake Counties, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 771, HTML Document, Database, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds771.","productDescription":"HTML Document, Database","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273533,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds771.png"},{"id":273532,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/771/database/index.html"},{"id":273531,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/771/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","county":"Deschutes County, Klamath County, Lake County","otherGeospatial":"Newberry Volcano","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.5,43.5 ], [ -121.5,44.0 ], [ -121.0,44.0 ], [ -121.0,43.5 ], [ -121.5,43.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b6e759e4b0097a7158ab45","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bard, Joseph A. 0000-0003-3143-4007 jbard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3143-4007","contributorId":5590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bard","given":"Joseph","email":"jbard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ramsey, David W. 0000-0003-1698-2523 dramsey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1698-2523","contributorId":3819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramsey","given":"David","email":"dramsey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"MacLeod, Norman S.","contributorId":13643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacLeod","given":"Norman","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sherrod, David R. 0000-0001-9460-0434 dsherrod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9460-0434","contributorId":527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrod","given":"David","email":"dsherrod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chitwood, Lawrence A.","contributorId":54655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chitwood","given":"Lawrence","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jensen, Robert A.","contributorId":35469,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jensen","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":7134,"text":"USFS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":479551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70043001,"text":"70043001 - 2013 - A quantitative analysis of the state of knowledge of turtles of the United States and Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-10T09:31:00","indexId":"70043001","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":751,"text":"Amphibia-Reptilia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A quantitative analysis of the state of knowledge of turtles of the United States and Canada","docAbstract":"The “information age” ushered in an explosion of knowledge and access to knowledge that continues to revolutionize society. Knowledge about turtles, as measured by number of published papers, has been growing at an exponential rate since the early 1970s, a phenomenon mirrored in all scientific disciplines. Although knowledge about turtles, as measured by number of citations for papers in scientific journals, has been growing rapidly, this taxonomic group remains highly imperiled suggesting that knowledge is not always successfully translated into effective conservation of turtles. We reviewed the body of literature on turtles of the United States and Canada and found that: 1) the number of citations is biased toward large-bodied species, 2) the number of citations is biased toward wide-ranging species, and 3) conservation status has little effect on the accumulation of knowledge for a species, especially after removing the effects of body size or range size. The dispersion of knowledge, measured by Shannon Weiner diversity and evenness indices across species, was identical from 1994 to 2009 suggesting that poorly studied species remained poorly-studied species while well-studied species remained well studied. Several species listed as threatened or endangered under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (e.g., Pseudemys alabamensis, Sternotherus depressus, and Graptemys oculifera) remain poorly studied with the estimated number of citations for each ranging from only 13-24. The low number of citations for these species could best be explained by their restricted distribution and/or their smaller size. Despite the exponential increase in knowledge of turtles in the United States and Canada, no species of turtle listed under the Endangered Species Act has ever been delisted for reason of recovery. Therefore, increased knowledge does not necessarily contribute appreciably to recovery of threatened turtles.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Amphibia-Reptilia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"SEH","doi":"10.1163/15685381-00002860","usgsCitation":"Lovich, J.E., and Ennen, J., 2013, A quantitative analysis of the state of knowledge of turtles of the United States and Canada: Amphibia-Reptilia, v. 34, p. 11-23, https://doi.org/10.1163/15685381-00002860.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"23","ipdsId":"IP-022992","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473762,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685381-00002860","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":273474,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273472,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685381-00002860"}],"country":"United States;Canada","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.5,18.9 ], [ 172.5,83.1 ], [ -52.6,83.1 ], [ -52.6,18.9 ], [ 172.5,18.9 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"34","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b6e757e4b0097a7158ab31","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lovich, Jeffrey E. 0000-0002-7789-2831 jeffrey_lovich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7789-2831","contributorId":458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovich","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jeffrey_lovich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":472772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ennen, Joshua R.","contributorId":60368,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ennen","given":"Joshua R.","affiliations":[{"id":13216,"text":"Tennessee Aquarium Conservation Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":472773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70043855,"text":"70043855 - 2013 - Aggregation of carbon dioxide sequestration storage assessment units","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-23T14:46:39","indexId":"70043855","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3478,"text":"Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aggregation of carbon dioxide sequestration storage assessment units","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey is currently conducting a national assessment of carbon dioxide (CO2) storage resources, mandated by the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007. Pre-emission capture and storage of CO2 in subsurface saline formations is one potential method to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and the negative impact of global climate change. Like many large-scale resource assessments, the area under investigation is split into smaller, more manageable storage assessment units (SAUs), which must be aggregated with correctly propagated uncertainty to the basin, regional, and national scales. The aggregation methodology requires two types of data: marginal probability distributions of storage resource for each SAU, and a correlation matrix obtained by expert elicitation describing interdependencies between pairs of SAUs. Dependencies arise because geologic analogs, assessment methods, and assessors often overlap. The correlation matrix is used to induce rank correlation, using a Cholesky decomposition, among the empirical marginal distributions representing individually assessed SAUs. This manuscript presents a probabilistic aggregation method tailored to the correlations and dependencies inherent to a CO2 storage assessment. Aggregation results must be presented at the basin, regional, and national scales. A single stage approach, in which one large correlation matrix is defined and subsets are used for different scales, is compared to a multiple stage approach, in which new correlation matrices are created to aggregate intermediate results. Although the single-stage approach requires determination of significantly more correlation coefficients, it captures geologic dependencies among similar units in different basins and it is less sensitive to fluctuations in low correlation coefficients than the multiple stage approach. Thus, subsets of one single-stage correlation matrix are used to aggregate to basin, regional, and national scales.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00477-013-0718-x","usgsCitation":"Blondes, M., Schuenemeyer, J.H., Olea, R., and Drew, L.J., 2013, Aggregation of carbon dioxide sequestration storage assessment units: Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment, v. 27, no. 8, p. 1839-1859, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00477-013-0718-x.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"1839","endPage":"1859","ipdsId":"IP-037774","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273553,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273548,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00477-013-0718-x"}],"volume":"27","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-05-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b6e758e4b0097a7158ab39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blondes, Madalyn S. 0000-0003-0320-0107 mblondes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0320-0107","contributorId":3598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blondes","given":"Madalyn S.","email":"mblondes@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":474316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schuenemeyer, John H.","contributorId":54227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuenemeyer","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Olea, Ricardo A. 0000-0003-4308-0808","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4308-0808","contributorId":47873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olea","given":"Ricardo A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":474317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Drew, Lawrence J. ldrew@usgs.gov","contributorId":2635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drew","given":"Lawrence","email":"ldrew@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":474315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70040701,"text":"70040701 - 2013 - Fragmentation and thermal risks from climate change interact to affect persistence of native trout in the Colorado River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-12T16:41:44","indexId":"70040701","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fragmentation and thermal risks from climate change interact to affect persistence of native trout in the Colorado River basin","docAbstract":"Impending changes in climate will interact with other stressors to threaten aquatic ecosystems and their biota. Native Colorado River cutthroat trout (CRCT; Oncorhynchus clarkii pleuriticus) are now relegated to 309 isolated high-elevation (>1700 m) headwater stream fragments in the Upper Colorado River Basin, owing to past nonnative trout invasions and habitat loss. Predicted changes in climate (i.e., temperature and precipitation) and resulting changes in stochastic physical disturbances (i.e., wildfire, debris flow, and channel drying and freezing) could further threaten the remaining CRCT populations. We developed an empirical model to predict stream temperatures at the fragment scale from downscaled climate projections along with geomorphic and landscape variables. We coupled these spatially explicit predictions of stream temperature with a Bayesian Network (BN) model that integrates stochastic risks from fragmentation to project persistence of CRCT populations across the upper Colorado River basin to 2040 and 2080. Overall, none of the populations are at risk from acute mortality resulting from high temperatures during the warmest summer period. In contrast, only 37% of populations have a greater than or equal to 90% chance of persistence for 70 years (similar to the typical benchmark for conservation), primarily owing to fragmentation. Populations in short stream fragments <7 km long, and those at the lowest elevations, are at the highest risk of extirpation. Therefore, interactions of stochastic disturbances with fragmentation are projected to be greater threats than warming for CRCT populations. The reason for this paradox is that past nonnative trout invasions and habitat loss have restricted most CRCT populations to high-elevation stream fragments that are buffered from the potential consequences of warming, but at risk of extirpation from stochastic events. The greatest conservation need is for management to increase fragment lengths to forestall these risks.
\nCircuit theory has seen extensive recent use in the field of ecology, where it is often applied to study functional connectivity. The landscape is typically represented by a network of nodes and resistors, with the resistance between nodes a function of landscape characteristics. The effective distance between two locations on a landscape is represented by the resistance distance between the nodes in the network. Circuit theory has been applied to many other scientific fields for exploratory analyses, but parametric models for circuits are not common in the scientific literature. To model circuits explicitly, we demonstrate a link between Gaussian Markov random fields and contemporary circuit theory using a covariance structure that induces the necessary resistance distance. This provides a parametric model for second-order observations from such a system. In the landscape ecology setting, the proposed model provides a simple framework where inference can be obtained for effects that landscape features have on functional connectivity. We illustrate the approach through a landscape genetics study linking gene flow in alpine chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra) to the underlying landscape.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/01621459.2012.724647","usgsCitation":"Hanks, E., and Hooten, M., 2013, Circuit theory and model-based inference for landscape connectivity: Journal of the American Statistical Association, v. 108, no. 501, p. 22-33, https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.2012.724647.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"22","endPage":"33","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-029811","costCenters":[{"id":189,"text":"Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273491,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273490,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01621459.2012.724647"}],"volume":"108","issue":"501","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b6e759e4b0097a7158ab41","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanks, Ephraim M.","contributorId":104630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanks","given":"Ephraim M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hooten, Mevin 0000-0002-1614-723X mhooten@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1614-723X","contributorId":2958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooten","given":"Mevin","email":"mhooten@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":12963,"text":"Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Fort Collins, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":350279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}