No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1398","usgsCitation":"Roehler, H.W., 1988, The Pintail coal bed and barrier bar G: A model for coal of barrier bar-lagoon origin, Upper Cretaceous Almond Formation, Rock Springs coal field, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1398, Report: iv, 60 p.; 2 Plates: 43.00 × 29.00 inches and 33.00 × 32.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1398.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 60 p.; 2 Plates: 43.00 × 29.00 inches and 33.00 × 32.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":67339,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1398/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":67338,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1398/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":67337,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1398/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":122248,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1398/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":110592,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_74206.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"74206"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Upper Cretaceous Almond Formation","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.805,\n 41.4492\n ],\n [\n -108.805,\n 41.25\n ],\n [\n -108.9458,\n 41.25\n ],\n [\n -108.9458,\n 41.4492\n ],\n [\n -108.805,\n 41.4492\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67adec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roehler, H. W.","contributorId":16072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roehler","given":"H.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":15006,"text":"ofr88605 - 1988 - Results of a geochemical survey, Aban Al Ahmar Quadrangle, Sheet 25F, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-02T14:47:16","indexId":"ofr88605","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-605","title":"Results of a geochemical survey, Aban Al Ahmar Quadrangle, Sheet 25F, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","docAbstract":"The interpretation of geochemical data from a regional survey of the Aban al Ahmar quadrangle resulted in the selection of areas for follow-up studies. The results of detailed geochemical studies of these areas, combined with field observation, resulted in the selection of areas of moderate to high mineral resource potential. The most important areas are (1) the Jibal Minyah area, Aban al Asmar area, Jibal Suwaj area, and Nubayah area where tin and tungsten mineralization are associated with Abanat-suite rocks or possible buried Abanat-suite plutons; (2) several areas containing rocks of the Murdama group in the northern part of the quadrangle, the Buqaya al Luaah area, and the Jabal Akkash area where precious- and base-metal mineralization are generally associated with small Idah-suite plutons; and (3) the southern periphery of Jibal Qitan associated with skarn mineralization.
\nThe Aban al Ahmar quadrangle (sheet 25F) lies in the northeastern part of the Proterozoic Arabian Shield. Plots showing the distribution of single elements and factor scores of the regional geochemical data for wadi concentrates were used to select favorable areas for follow-up work. Detailed follow-up studies consisted of the collection of samples of rocks, wadi concentrates, and wadi sediments. The most useful pathfinder elements for precious- and base-metal mineralization are Cu and Pb, and for tin and tungsten mineralization they are Sn, La, Nb, Y, and Be. R-mode factor analysis of the regional geochemical data resulted in two factors that reflect mineralization: precious- and base-metal mineralization; and Abanat-suite lithology and, therefore, tin and tungsten mineralization.
\nA major problem in the interpretation of the regional geochemical data resulted from incomplete removal of magnetite from the samples prior to analysis. The presence of magnetite can cause anomalous values of Ni, Fe, V, Cu, and Co in samples because of it's ability to incorporate these elements into its structure during magmatic crystallization.
","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr88605","usgsCitation":"Miller, W.R., and Arnold, M.A., 1988, Results of a geochemical survey, Aban Al Ahmar Quadrangle, Sheet 25F, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-605, iv, 76 p. ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr88605.","productDescription":"iv, 76 p. ill., maps ;28 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":147523,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0605/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":43835,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0605/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"Saudi Arabia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 42,\n 25\n ],\n [\n 42,\n 26\n ],\n [\n 44,\n 26\n ],\n [\n 44,\n 25\n ],\n [\n 42,\n 25\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db625277","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, W. Roger","contributorId":60191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Roger","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arnold, M. A.","contributorId":96697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arnold","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":29773,"text":"wri874196 - 1988 - Effects of urbanization on storm-runoff volume and peak discharge of Valley Creek, eastern Chester County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-12T13:32:55","indexId":"wri874196","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4196","title":"Effects of urbanization on storm-runoff volume and peak discharge of Valley Creek, eastern Chester County, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"Peak discharge and runoff volume were simulated for 21 storms in the Valley Creek basin using the U.S. Geological Survey Distributed Routing Rainfall-Runoff Model (DR3M). Storm peak discharges ranged from 301 to 900 cubic feet per second. Rainfall was measured at three recording rain gages in the basin. Observed and simulated runoff volumes and peak discharges were compared for the upper 20.8 square miles of the basin. The average error for runoff volume was 29 percent. The average error for peak discharge was 19 percent for the 11 calibration storms and 32 percent for the 10 verification storms. Streamflow was routed to the Schuylkill River for the lower 2.6 square miles of the basin. Simulations were made to determine the effect on runoff volume and peak discharge of increasing impervious are from 9 percent to 15, 20, and 25 percent in the part of the basin most likely to be developed. For 25 percent impervious area, runoff volume would increase an average of 52 percent and peak discharge would increase an average of 55 percent for Valley Creek at the Pennsylvania Turnpike bridge. At the confluence of Valley Creek with the Schuylkill River, runoff volume would increase an average of 46 percent and peak discharge would increase an average of 50 percent.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri874196","usgsCitation":"Sloto, R., 1988, Effects of urbanization on storm-runoff volume and peak discharge of Valley Creek, eastern Chester County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4196, v, 32 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874196.","productDescription":"v, 32 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122691,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4196/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58573,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4196/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-75.6968,40.2417],[-75.6912,40.2388],[-75.6894,40.2378],[-75.6864,40.2387],[-75.6784,40.2436],[-75.6741,40.2458],[-75.6705,40.2466],[-75.6645,40.2461],[-75.6549,40.2428],[-75.6478,40.2404],[-75.6406,40.2371],[-75.6304,40.2347],[-75.6209,40.2305],[-75.6186,40.2277],[-75.6151,40.2245],[-75.6114,40.2244],[-75.6078,40.2258],[-75.6047,40.2275],[-75.6059,40.2294],[-75.6076,40.2326],[-75.6088,40.2348],[-75.6081,40.2366],[-75.605,40.2389],[-75.6014,40.2379],[-75.5997,40.2365],[-75.5973,40.2347],[-75.591,40.2214],[-75.5835,40.21],[-75.5801,40.2045],[-75.5796,40.2004],[-75.5766,40.1981],[-75.5724,40.1967],[-75.5694,40.1966],[-75.5676,40.1975],[-75.5645,40.2006],[-75.5644,40.2029],[-75.5655,40.207],[-75.5661,40.2093],[-75.5636,40.2101],[-75.5606,40.2096],[-75.5589,40.2073],[-75.5554,40.2023],[-75.5503,40.19],[-75.544,40.1794],[-75.5387,40.1739],[-75.527,40.1664],[-75.5275,40.1492],[-75.5239,40.1468],[-75.5184,40.1475],[-75.5127,40.1595],[-75.503,40.1593],[-75.5,40.1563],[-75.5036,40.1506],[-75.5107,40.1422],[-75.5088,40.1347],[-75.4905,40.1253],[-75.4729,40.1287],[-75.4611,40.1241],[-75.4627,40.119],[-75.4691,40.1169],[-75.4719,40.1116],[-75.4693,40.1066],[-75.4618,40.1027],[-75.4633,40.0971],[-75.4563,40.0945],[-75.4558,40.0876],[-75.4401,40.0941],[-75.4369,40.0899],[-75.42,40.0966],[-75.3927,40.0604],[-75.3669,40.0723],[-75.361,40.0668],[-75.3702,40.062],[-75.3732,40.0602],[-75.3811,40.0572],[-75.4012,40.0475],[-75.4025,40.0471],[-75.4086,40.0436],[-75.4128,40.0418],[-75.4106,40.0373],[-75.4076,40.0336],[-75.406,40.0295],[-75.4139,40.0242],[-75.4207,40.0202],[-75.4311,40.0118],[-75.4508,39.9958],[-75.452,39.9949],[-75.4532,39.994],[-75.4521,39.9926],[-75.4455,39.9925],[-75.4437,39.9925],[-75.4412,39.9933],[-75.4401,39.9915],[-75.4372,39.9865],[-75.4385,39.9842],[-75.4398,39.9811],[-75.4399,39.9793],[-75.4423,39.9788],[-75.4446,39.9807],[-75.4726,39.968],[-75.4993,39.9557],[-75.5024,39.9544],[-75.5079,39.9518],[-75.5152,39.9483],[-75.5224,39.9452],[-75.5243,39.9443],[-75.5202,39.9397],[-75.5191,39.9374],[-75.5306,39.9322],[-75.526,39.9239],[-75.5315,39.9218],[-75.5366,39.9305],[-75.5427,39.9274],[-75.5398,39.9242],[-75.5447,39.922],[-75.5424,39.9183],[-75.5502,39.9152],[-75.5468,39.9093],[-75.5553,39.9058],[-75.5576,39.9086],[-75.5601,39.9072],[-75.5583,39.904],[-75.562,39.9023],[-75.5711,39.897],[-75.573,39.8943],[-75.5714,39.8879],[-75.5799,39.8835],[-75.5822,39.8854],[-75.5834,39.8849],[-75.5852,39.8863],[-75.5888,39.8846],[-75.5842,39.8804],[-75.5981,39.8747],[-75.5952,39.8724],[-75.5934,39.8697],[-75.5935,39.8683],[-75.5959,39.8652],[-75.599,39.862],[-75.6003,39.8602],[-75.6015,39.858],[-75.601,39.8562],[-75.5975,39.8539],[-75.5939,39.8515],[-75.5946,39.8488],[-75.5965,39.8457],[-75.5978,39.8416],[-75.5973,39.8379],[-75.6146,39.835],[-75.6308,39.8314],[-75.6464,39.827],[-75.647,39.8268],[-75.6661,39.82],[-75.6775,39.8156],[-75.6928,39.8074],[-75.7056,39.7991],[-75.7177,39.7912],[-75.724,39.7866],[-75.7268,39.7845],[-75.7378,39.775],[-75.7476,39.7653],[-75.7551,39.756],[-75.7611,39.7478],[-75.7662,39.7393],[-75.77,39.731],[-75.7723,39.7231],[-75.7875,39.7231],[-76.0148,39.7228],[-76.1392,39.7223],[-76.1373,39.7262],[-76.1337,39.728],[-76.1307,39.728],[-76.1266,39.7265],[-76.1236,39.7242],[-76.1188,39.726],[-76.1187,39.7301],[-76.1205,39.7333],[-76.1198,39.7364],[-76.1144,39.7368],[-76.1115,39.735],[-76.1121,39.7318],[-76.1134,39.7287],[-76.1104,39.7268],[-76.1051,39.7254],[-76.0996,39.7285],[-76.0965,39.7326],[-76.0959,39.7362],[-76.0988,39.738],[-76.1018,39.7399],[-76.1018,39.7421],[-76.1011,39.7449],[-76.0957,39.7448],[-76.0909,39.7452],[-76.0873,39.7474],[-76.0842,39.7537],[-76.0841,39.7592],[-76.0804,39.7609],[-76.0678,39.7626],[-76.066,39.7644],[-76.0654,39.7671],[-76.0659,39.7708],[-76.0628,39.7734],[-76.0616,39.7752],[-76.0615,39.7789],[-76.0567,39.7802],[-76.0537,39.7819],[-76.0506,39.7846],[-76.0481,39.79],[-76.0444,39.7963],[-76.0377,39.8026],[-76.0352,39.808],[-76.0303,39.813],[-76.0308,39.8175],[-76.032,39.8207],[-76.0265,39.8247],[-76.0253,39.826],[-76.0252,39.8301],[-76.0234,39.831],[-76.0191,39.8319],[-76.0191,39.8337],[-76.0202,39.8378],[-76.023,39.8464],[-76.0217,39.8518],[-76.0211,39.8537],[-76.0181,39.8545],[-76.0163,39.854],[-76.0127,39.8531],[-76.0103,39.8531],[-76.0091,39.8544],[-76.007,39.8666],[-76.0051,39.8712],[-76.0039,39.873],[-76.0015,39.8738],[-75.9991,39.8734],[-75.9974,39.8715],[-75.9956,39.8701],[-75.9932,39.8697],[-75.9926,39.8706],[-75.9908,39.8719],[-75.9877,39.8732],[-75.9871,39.8746],[-75.9877,39.8768],[-75.9912,39.8801],[-75.9905,39.8828],[-75.9899,39.8868],[-75.9879,39.8927],[-75.9885,39.895],[-75.9902,39.8977],[-75.9943,39.901],[-75.9961,39.9028],[-75.9957,39.9236],[-75.9962,39.9259],[-75.998,39.9273],[-75.9968,39.9282],[-75.9938,39.9277],[-75.9926,39.9268],[-75.9914,39.9272],[-75.9902,39.9286],[-75.98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R. A.","contributorId":36155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sloto","given":"R. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29772,"text":"wri864054 - 1988 - Effects of flood controls proposed for West Branch Brandywine Creek, Chester County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-12T13:42:27","indexId":"wri864054","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4054","title":"Effects of flood controls proposed for West Branch Brandywine Creek, Chester County, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"Twenty-four-hour rainfall, distributed over time according to the U.S. Soil Conservation Service type II rainfall distribution, was used as input to calibrated rainfall-runoff models of three subbasins in the West Branch Brandywine Creek watershed. The effects of four proposed flood controls were evaluated by using these rainfalls to simulate discharge hydrographs with and without the flood controls and comparing the simulated peak discharges.\r\n\r\n In the Honey Brook subbasin, 2-, 10-, and 100-year flood-discharge hydrographs were generated for station West Branch Brandywine Creek at Coatesville. For the 2- and 10-year floods, proposed flood controls would reduce the peak discharge from 1 to 8 percent. The combination of all three flood controls proposed for the Coatesville subbasin would reduce the 100-year peak discharge 44 percent.\r\n\r\n In the Modena subbasin, 2-, 10-, and 100-year flood-discharge hydrographs were generated for station West Branch Brandywine Creek at Modena. A flood control proposed for Sucker Run, a tributary, would reduce the peak discharge of Sucker Run at State Route 82 by 22, 25, and 27 percent and the peak discharge of West Branch Brandywine Creek at Modena by 10, 6, and less than 1 percent for the 2-, 10-, and 100-year floods, respectively.\r\n\r\n For the 2- and 10- year floods, flood control proposed for the Coatesville subbasin would have little effect on the peak discharge of West Branch Brandywine Creek at Modena. For the 100-year flood, the combination of all three flood controls proposed for the Coatesville subbasin would reduce the peak discharge at Modena 25 percent.\r\n\r\n When flood control in the Modena subbasin was combined with flood control in the Coatesville subbasin, the 10-percent reduction in the 2-year flood peak of West Branch Brandywine Creek at Modena was due almost entirely to flood control in the Modena subbasin. For the 10-year flood, flood control in the Modena subbasin would reduce the peak discharge 6 percent, and any single flood control in the Coatesville subbasin would provide an additional 1 to 3 percent reduction. Although flood control in the Modena subbasin would have little effect on reducing the 100-year flood peak, it would provide an additional 5 percent reduction in the peak discharge, for a total reduction of 30 percent, when combined with the three flood controls in the Coatesville subbasin.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri864054","usgsCitation":"Sloto, R., 1988, Effects of flood controls proposed for West Branch Brandywine Creek, Chester County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4054, v, 28 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864054.","productDescription":"v, 28 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":123787,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4054/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58572,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4054/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsyvlania","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-75.6968,40.2417],[-75.6912,40.2388],[-75.6894,40.2378],[-75.6864,40.2387],[-75.6784,40.2436],[-75.6741,40.2458],[-75.6705,40.2466],[-75.6645,40.2461],[-75.6549,40.2428],[-75.6478,40.2404],[-75.6406,40.2371],[-75.6304,40.2347],[-75.6209,40.2305],[-75.6186,40.2277],[-75.6151,40.2245],[-75.6114,40.2244],[-75.6078,40.2258],[-75.6047,40.2275],[-75.6059,40.2294],[-75.6076,40.2326],[-75.6088,40.2348],[-75.6081,40.2366],[-75.605,40.2389],[-75.6014,40.2379],[-75.5997,40.2365],[-75.5973,40.2347],[-75.591,40.2214],[-75.5835,40.21],[-75.5801,40.2045],[-75.5796,40.2004],[-75.5766,40.1981],[-75.5724,40.1967],[-75.5694,40.1966],[-75.5676,40.1975],[-75.5645,40.2006],[-75.5644,40.2029],[-75.5655,40.207],[-75.5661,40.2093],[-75.5636,40.2101],[-75.5606,40.2096],[-75.5589,40.2073],[-75.5554,40.2023],[-75.5503,40.19],[-75.544,40.1794],[-75.5387,40.1739],[-75.527,40.1664],[-75.5275,40.1492],[-75.5239,40.1468],[-75.5184,40.1475],[-75.5127,40.1595],[-75.503,40.1593],[-75.5,40.1563],[-75.5036,40.1506],[-75.5107,40.1422],[-75.5088,40.1347],[-75.4905,40.1253],[-75.4729,40.1287],[-75.4611,40.1241],[-75.4627,40.119],[-75.4691,40.1169],[-75.4719,40.1116],[-75.4693,40.1066],[-75.4618,40.1027],[-75.4633,40.0971],[-75.4563,40.0945],[-75.4558,40.0876],[-75.4401,40.0941],[-75.4369,40.0899],[-75.42,40.0966],[-75.3927,40.0604],[-75.3669,40.0723],[-75.361,40.0668],[-75.3702,40.062],[-75.3732,40.0602],[-75.3811,40.0572],[-75.4012,40.0475],[-75.4025,40.0471],[-75.4086,40.0436],[-75.4128,40.0418],[-75.4106,40.0373],[-75.4076,40.0336],[-75.406,40.0295],[-75.4139,40.0242],[-75.4207,40.0202],[-75.4311,40.0118],[-75.4508,39.9958],[-75.452,39.9949],[-75.4532,39.994],[-75.4521,39.9926],[-75.4455,39.9925],[-75.4437,39.9925],[-75.4412,39.9933],[-75.4401,39.9915],[-75.4372,39.9865],[-75.4385,39.9842],[-75.4398,39.9811],[-75.4399,39.9793],[-75.4423,39.9788],[-75.4446,39.9807],[-75.4726,39.968],[-75.4993,39.9557],[-75.5024,39.9544],[-75.5079,39.9518],[-75.5152,39.9483],[-75.5224,39.9452],[-75.5243,39.9443],[-75.5202,39.9397],[-75.5191,39.9374],[-75.5306,39.9322],[-75.526,39.9239],[-75.5315,39.9218],[-75.5366,39.9305],[-75.5427,39.9274],[-75.5398,39.9242],[-75.5447,39.922],[-75.5424,39.9183],[-75.5502,39.9152],[-75.5468,39.9093],[-75.5553,39.9058],[-75.5576,39.9086],[-75.5601,39.9072],[-75.5583,39.904],[-75.562,39.9023],[-75.5711,39.897],[-75.573,39.8943],[-75.5714,39.8879],[-75.5799,39.8835],[-75.5822,39.8854],[-75.5834,39.8849],[-75.5852,39.8863],[-75.5888,39.8846],[-75.5842,39.8804],[-75.5981,39.8747],[-75.5952,39.8724],[-75.5934,39.8697],[-75.5935,39.8683],[-75.5959,39.8652],[-75.599,39.862],[-75.6003,39.8602],[-75.6015,39.858],[-75.601,39.8562],[-75.5975,39.8539],[-75.5939,39.8515],[-75.5946,39.8488],[-75.5965,39.8457],[-75.5978,39.8416],[-75.5973,39.8379],[-75.6146,39.835],[-75.6308,39.8314],[-75.6464,39.827],[-75.647,39.8268],[-75.6661,39.82],[-75.6775,39.8156],[-75.6928,39.8074],[-75.7056,39.7991],[-75.7177,39.7912],[-75.724,39.7866],[-75.7268,39.7845],[-75.7378,39.775],[-75.7476,39.7653],[-75.7551,39.756],[-75.7611,39.7478],[-75.7662,39.7393],[-75.77,39.731],[-75.7723,39.7231],[-75.7875,39.7231],[-76.0148,39.7228],[-76.1392,39.7223],[-76.1373,39.7262],[-76.1337,39.728],[-76.1307,39.728],[-76.1266,39.7265],[-76.1236,39.7242],[-76.1188,39.726],[-76.1187,39.7301],[-76.1205,39.7333],[-76.1198,39.7364],[-76.1144,39.7368],[-76.1115,39.735],[-76.1121,39.7318],[-76.1134,39.7287],[-76.1104,39.7268],[-76.1051,39.7254],[-76.0996,39.7285],[-76.0965,39.7326],[-76.0959,39.7362],[-76.0988,39.738],[-76.1018,39.7399],[-76.1018,39.7421],[-76.1011,39.7449],[-76.0957,39.7448],[-76.0909,39.7452],[-76.0873,39.7474],[-76.0842,39.7537],[-76.0841,39.7592],[-76.0804,39.7609],[-76.0678,39.7626],[-76.066,39.7644],[-76.0654,39.7671],[-76.0659,39.7708],[-76.0628,39.7734],[-76.0616,39.7752],[-76.0615,39.7789],[-76.0567,39.7802],[-76.0537,39.7819],[-76.0506,39.7846],[-76.0481,39.79],[-76.0444,39.7963],[-76.0377,39.8026],[-76.0352,39.808],[-76.0303,39.813],[-76.0308,39.8175],[-76.032,39.8207],[-76.0265,39.8247],[-76.0253,39.826],[-76.0252,39.8301],[-76.0234,39.831],[-76.0191,39.8319],[-76.0191,39.8337],[-76.0202,39.8378],[-76.023,39.8464],[-76.0217,39.8518],[-76.0211,39.8537],[-76.0181,39.8545],[-76.0163,39.854],[-76.0127,39.8531],[-76.0103,39.8531],[-76.0091,39.8544],[-76.007,39.8666],[-76.0051,39.8712],[-76.0039,39.873],[-76.0015,39.8738],[-75.9991,39.8734],[-75.9974,39.8715],[-75.9956,39.8701],[-75.9932,39.8697],[-75.9926,39.8706],[-75.9908,39.8719],[-75.9877,39.8732],[-75.9871,39.8746],[-75.9877,39.8768],[-75.9912,39.8801],[-75.9905,39.8828],[-75.9899,39.8868],[-75.9879,39.8927],[-75.9885,39.895],[-75.9902,39.8977],[-75.9943,39.901],[-75.9961,39.9028],[-75.9957,39.9236],[-75.9962,39.9259],[-75.998,39.9273],[-75.9968,39.9282],[-75.9938,39.9277],[-75.9926,39.9268],[-75.9914,39.9272],[-75.9902,39.9286],[-75.98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R. A.","contributorId":36155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sloto","given":"R. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":14994,"text":"ofr88345 - 1988 - User's guide for RIV2; a package for routing and accounting of river discharge for a modular, three-dimensional, finite-difference, ground- water flow model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:06","indexId":"ofr88345","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-345","title":"User's guide for RIV2; a package for routing and accounting of river discharge for a modular, three-dimensional, finite-difference, ground- water flow model","docAbstract":"RIV2 is a package for the U.S. Geological Survey 's modular, three-dimensional, finite-difference, groundwater flow model developed by M. G. McDonald and A. W. Harbaugh that simulates river-discharge routing. RIV2 replaces RIVI, the original river package used in the model. RIV2 preserves the basic logic of RIV1, but better represents river-discharge routing. The main features of RIV2 are (1) The river system is divided into reaches and simulated river discharge is routed from one node to the next. (2) Inflow (river discharge) entering the upstream end of a reach can be specified. (3) More than one river can be represented at one node and rivers can cross, as when representing a siphon. (4) The quantity of leakage to or from the aquifer at a given node is proportional to the hydraulic-head difference between that specified for the river and that calculated for the aquifer. Also, the quantity of leakage to the aquifer at any node can be limited by the user and, within this limit, the maximum leakage to the aquifer is the discharge available in the river. This feature allows for the simulation of intermittent rivers and drains that have no discharge routed to their upstream reaches. (5) An accounting of river discharge is maintained. Neither stage-discharge relations nor storage in the river or river banks is simulated. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr88345","usgsCitation":"Miller, R.S., 1988, User's guide for RIV2; a package for routing and accounting of river discharge for a modular, three-dimensional, finite-difference, ground- water flow model: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-345, iii, 33 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr88345.","productDescription":"iii, 33 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":148777,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0345/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":43820,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0345/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4ea2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Roger S.","contributorId":85605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30465,"text":"wri864106 - 1988 - Ground-water flow and solute transport at a municipal landfill site on Long Island, New York — Part 2: Simulation of ground-water flow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-24T22:14:51.01401","indexId":"wri864106","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4106","title":"Ground-water flow and solute transport at a municipal landfill site on Long Island, New York — Part 2: Simulation of ground-water flow","docAbstract":"Data on the hydrogeology of a 26-sq-mi area surrounding the Brookhaven landfill site in central Suffolk County were collected as part of a hydrologic investigation of solute transport from the site. These data were used to develop a steady-state groundwater flow model of the upper glacial (water table) aquifer in the area. The model accounts for the leakage through confining units underlying the aquifer, seepage to streams, recharge from precipitation, and pumpage and redistribution of water. Refined estimates of aquifer and confining-unit properties were obtained through model calibrations. Water table altitudes generated by the calibrated model were used to determine groundwater velocities and probable flow paths in the vicinity of the site under long-term average hydrologic conditions. Groundwater velocities and probable flow paths in the study area were calculated from simulated water table altitudes generated by the calibrated flow model. Groundwater at the center of the site flows southeastward at a velocity of 1.1 ft/d. The report is the second in a three part series describing the hydrologic conditions and groundwater quality, groundwater flow, and solute transport in the vicinity of the Brookhaven landfill.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri864106","usgsCitation":"Wexler, E.J., and Maus, P.E., 1988, Ground-water flow and solute transport at a municipal landfill site on Long Island, New York — Part 2: Simulation of ground-water flow: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4106, Report: vi, 44 p.; 2 Plates: 18.82 × 22.99 inches and 18.42 × 22.29 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864106.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 44 p.; 2 Plates: 18.82 × 22.99 inches and 18.42 × 22.29 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":59247,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4106/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59246,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4106/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59245,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4106/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":126857,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4106/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":394789,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36551.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Long Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73,\n 40.75\n ],\n [\n -72.875,\n 40.75\n ],\n [\n -72.875,\n 40.858\n ],\n [\n -73,\n 40.858\n ],\n [\n -73,\n 40.75\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b03e4b07f02db698fa0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wexler, E. J.","contributorId":104931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wexler","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maus, P. E.","contributorId":68787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maus","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":30603,"text":"wri874043 - 1988 - Nitrogen transport in a shallow outwash aquifer at Olean, Cattaraugus County, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-13T19:34:49.834626","indexId":"wri874043","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4043","title":"Nitrogen transport in a shallow outwash aquifer at Olean, Cattaraugus County, New York","docAbstract":"Groundwater beneath an industrial park at Olean, New York, contained nitrogen compounds in concentrations that in 1983 ranged from 10 to 1,280 mg/L as nitrogen, mainly in the form of ammonium. Continuous pumping from an industrial well field creates a cone of depression that prevents the nitrogen compounds from migrating to municipal-supply wells, 7,000 ft away. A two-dimensional solute transport model was used to simulate changes in nitrogen concentrations that would result from a permanent shutdown of the well field. The model assumed the nitrogen source decayed at an exponential rate with a decay constant of 0.3/year to account for nitrogen removed from the aquifer by pumping during 1978-84. The source of contamination was found to be sensitive to the volume of pumpage at the industrial well field, which altered the rate of groundwater flow through the contaminated area. Simulations of a permanent shutdown of the well field, assuming nitrogen migrates as a conservative solute, indicated that nitrogen-bearing groundwater would reach the municipal well field within 5 years and the peak concentrations at the municipal well field would range from 2 to 5 mg/L. Simulations of Langmuir adsorption of the dissolved ammonium with a one-dimensional model indicated that the arrival of the solute front at the municipal well field would be retarded by a factor of three.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri874043","usgsCitation":"Yager, R.M., and Bergeron, M.P., 1988, Nitrogen transport in a shallow outwash aquifer at Olean, Cattaraugus County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4043, Report: vii, 51 p.; 6 Plates: 18.70 x 14.33 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874043.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 51 p.; 6 Plates: 18.70 x 14.33 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":59363,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4043/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59362,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4043/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59365,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4043/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59364,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4043/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59361,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4043/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59367,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4043/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59366,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4043/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":411900,"rank":9,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46727.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":123393,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4043/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Cattaraugus County","city":"Olean","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.5075,\n 42.1158\n ],\n [\n -78.5075,\n 42.0567\n ],\n [\n -78.375,\n 42.0567\n ],\n [\n -78.375,\n 42.1158\n ],\n [\n -78.5075,\n 42.1158\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62c485","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yager, R. M.","contributorId":8069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bergeron, M. P.","contributorId":42969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergeron","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":30464,"text":"wri864207 - 1988 - Ground-water flow and solute transport at a municipal landfill site on Long Island, New York. Part 3, simulation of solute transport","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-19T20:16:20.976767","indexId":"wri864207","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4207","title":"Ground-water flow and solute transport at a municipal landfill site on Long Island, New York. Part 3, simulation of solute transport","docAbstract":"A solute transport model representing a 2.3-sq mi area surrounding and downgradient from a municipal landfill site in the Town of Brookhaven, N.Y. was used to simulate migration of a conservative solute (chloride) in the upper glacial aquifer. Aquifer values used in the model were: hydraulic conductivity, 200 ft/day; effective porosity, 0.30; longitudinal dispersivity, 100 ft; transverse dispersivity, 20 ft. Average concentration of chloride was set at 875.0 mg/L in leachate and 10 mg/L in recharge and in ambient groundwater. Entry of leachate into the aquifer was assumed to have begun in 1977. Chloride concentrations in the simulated plume after 6 years of travel matched reasonably well the chloride data collected in October-December 1982. After 12 years of travel, the simulated plume extended 6,200 ft and was 2,600 ft wide. Maximum predicted concentration at the site boundary was 160 mg/L. Additional simulations were made to test the model 's ability to predict the effect of several remedial strategies on the movement of solutes. These included capping the landfill with an impermeable surface, removal of contaminated groundwater through four recovery wells, and a combination of the first two actions.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri864207","usgsCitation":"Wexler, E.J., 1988, Ground-water flow and solute transport at a municipal landfill site on Long Island, New York. Part 3, simulation of solute transport: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4207, vi, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864207.","productDescription":"vi, 46 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394535,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36628.htm"},{"id":124105,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4207/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59244,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4207/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Long Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73,\n 40.75453936473234\n ],\n [\n -72.875,\n 40.75453936473234\n ],\n [\n -72.875,\n 40.850955880778045\n ],\n [\n -73,\n 40.850955880778045\n ],\n [\n -73,\n 40.75453936473234\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66cdb9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wexler, E. J.","contributorId":104931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wexler","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30513,"text":"wri854185 - 1988 - Simulation of ground-water flow in aquifers along the Susquehanna River in Columbia County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-07T11:35:12","indexId":"wri854185","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4185","title":"Simulation of ground-water flow in aquifers along the Susquehanna River in Columbia County, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"A numerical model of groundwater flow was developed for a 10.3 sq mi area along the Susquehanna River in Columbia County, east central Pennsylvania. Groundwater in the model area primarily is in secondary openings in the carbonate--and clastic-rock aquifers and primary openings in the glacial-outwash aquifer that discontinuously overlies bedrock. The groundwater flow model was calibrated under average steady-state conditions for 1981. The simulated 1981 water budget indicates an average inflow rate of 7.24 cu ft/sec. Of this, 93% is recharge from precipitation and 6.6% is boundary flow. 62% of the outflow is leakage to streams, 21% to pumpage, and 17% to evapotranspiration. The model was calibrated under transient conditions for December 22, 1980 through April 21, 1982. Water level fluctuations caused by natural stresses were more successfully simulated than those caused by pumping stresses. Three 10-year, hypothetical stress periods were simulated with the calibrated, transient model. The general impact of three pumping schemes under hypothetical drought and drought-recovery conditions were simulated. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854185","usgsCitation":"Williams, J., and Senko, G., 1988, Simulation of ground-water flow in aquifers along the Susquehanna River in Columbia County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4185, vi, 44 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854185.","productDescription":"vi, 44 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science 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States","state":"Pennyslvania","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-76.3097,41.3109],[-76.3117,41.3009],[-76.3139,41.2837],[-76.3166,41.2647],[-76.3169,41.2502],[-76.3183,41.2343],[-76.3184,41.2284],[-76.3191,41.2239],[-76.3199,41.2157],[-76.3188,41.2066],[-76.304,41.1802],[-76.2903,41.1573],[-76.2868,41.1514],[-76.2761,41.1336],[-76.2645,41.1344],[-76.2535,41.1361],[-76.2492,41.1365],[-76.229,41.1391],[-76.2288,41.1209],[-76.2285,41.1027],[-76.2285,41.0991],[-76.2287,41.0914],[-76.2284,41.0723],[-76.2312,41.0506],[-76.2307,41.0456],[-76.2273,41.0301],[-76.2257,41.022],[-76.2217,41.0042],[-76.2212,40.9992],[-76.2195,40.9901],[-76.2168,40.9747],[-76.2093,40.9506],[-76.2488,40.9169],[-76.2495,40.916],[-76.2581,40.9089],[-76.2859,40.8828],[-76.2918,40.8597],[-76.2989,40.8312],[-76.3002,40.8258],[-76.3035,40.814],[-76.308,40.8023],[-76.311,40.8014],[-76.38,40.7757],[-76.3919,40.793],[-76.393,40.7967],[-76.3954,40.799],[-76.3977,40.8099],[-76.4029,40.8244],[-76.4076,40.8349],[-76.477,40.8278],[-76.491,40.8261],[-76.4946,40.8247],[-76.5001,40.8243],[-76.5019,40.8257],[-76.5031,40.828],[-76.5024,40.8316],[-76.5024,40.8343],[-76.5035,40.838],[-76.5053,40.8412],[-76.5065,40.8434],[-76.5053,40.8457],[-76.5046,40.848],[-76.5034,40.8498],[-76.5015,40.8511],[-76.5009,40.8534],[-76.5021,40.8561],[-76.5026,40.8588],[-76.505,40.8611],[-76.5068,40.8634],[-76.508,40.8661],[-76.5092,40.8684],[-76.5098,40.8707],[-76.5097,40.873],[-76.5085,40.8743],[-76.5067,40.8756],[-76.5048,40.877],[-76.5042,40.8793],[-76.5042,40.8811],[-76.5054,40.882],[-76.5078,40.882],[-76.5108,40.882],[-76.5309,40.8813],[-76.5289,40.8944],[-76.5275,40.9071],[-76.5262,40.913],[-76.5262,40.9153],[-76.5279,40.918],[-76.5279,40.9189],[-76.5273,40.9198],[-76.5267,40.9203],[-76.5261,40.9207],[-76.5255,40.9212],[-76.5236,40.9239],[-76.523,40.9261],[-76.5241,40.9302],[-76.5241,40.932],[-76.5247,40.9334],[-76.5283,40.9384],[-76.5289,40.9393],[-76.5289,40.9402],[-76.527,40.9407],[-76.5215,40.9425],[-76.5203,40.9429],[-76.5191,40.9433],[-76.5179,40.9438],[-76.516,40.9442],[-76.5124,40.946],[-76.5142,40.9487],[-76.5165,40.9519],[-76.5225,40.9615],[-76.5315,40.9697],[-76.5369,40.9766],[-76.5483,40.9858],[-76.5519,40.988],[-76.5664,41.0004],[-76.567,41.0036],[-76.5663,41.0086],[-76.5656,41.0154],[-76.5643,41.0199],[-76.5637,41.0235],[-76.5624,41.0267],[-76.5617,41.033],[-76.5629,41.0362],[-76.57,41.0531],[-76.5779,41.0554],[-76.5937,41.0587],[-76.5979,41.0596],[-76.6028,41.061],[-76.6192,41.0648],[-76.6173,41.0688],[-76.6173,41.0715],[-76.6185,41.0738],[-76.6178,41.0756],[-76.6172,41.0784],[-76.6166,41.0806],[-76.6177,41.0824],[-76.6195,41.0847],[-76.6207,41.0888],[-76.6213,41.092],[-76.6236,41.0988],[-76.6236,41.0997],[-76.6248,41.1038],[-76.6277,41.1138],[-76.6295,41.1202],[-76.63,41.1229],[-76.6306,41.1247],[-76.6318,41.127],[-76.6389,41.1475],[-76.6419,41.1557],[-76.6003,41.1572],[-76.5973,41.1576],[-76.593,41.158],[-76.5659,41.1787],[-76.5609,41.1832],[-76.5591,41.1841],[-76.5572,41.1859],[-76.5474,41.194],[-76.54,41.1999],[-76.5313,41.208],[-76.5121,41.2246],[-76.4806,41.2498],[-76.4769,41.2534],[-76.467,41.261],[-76.4633,41.2646],[-76.4472,41.2772],[-76.4076,41.3095],[-76.3097,41.3109]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Columbia\",\"state\":\"PA\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f8e4b07f02db5f2de0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, J.H.","contributorId":29482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Senko, G.E.","contributorId":43820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senko","given":"G.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":14618,"text":"ofr88482 - 1988 - Documentation of a computer program to simulate aquifer-system compaction using the modular finite-difference ground-water flow model","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":14618,"text":"ofr88482 - 1988 - Documentation of a computer program to simulate aquifer-system compaction using the modular finite-difference ground-water flow model","indexId":"ofr88482","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"title":"Documentation of a computer program to simulate aquifer-system compaction using the modular finite-difference ground-water flow model"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":4702,"text":"twri06A2 - 1991 - Documentation of a computer program to simulate aquifer-system compaction using the modular finite-difference ground-water flow model","indexId":"twri06A2","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"title":"Documentation of a computer program to simulate aquifer-system compaction using the modular finite-difference ground-water flow model"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":4702,"text":"twri06A2 - 1991 - Documentation of a computer program to simulate aquifer-system compaction using the modular finite-difference ground-water flow model","indexId":"twri06A2","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"title":"Documentation of a computer program to simulate aquifer-system compaction using the modular finite-difference ground-water flow model"},"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-08T18:40:53.559419","indexId":"ofr88482","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-482","title":"Documentation of a computer program to simulate aquifer-system compaction using the modular finite-difference ground-water flow model","docAbstract":"The process of permanent compaction is not routinely included in simulations of groundwater flow. To simulate storage changes from both elastic and inelastic compaction, a computer program was written for use with the U. S. Geological Survey modular finite-difference groundwater flow model. The new program is called the Interbed-Storage Package. In the Interbed-Storage Package, elastic compaction or expansion is assumed to be proportional to change in head. The constant of proportionality is the product of skeletal component of elastic specific storage and thickness of the sediments. Similarly, inelastic compaction is assumed to be proportional to decline in head. The constant of proportionality is the product of the skeletal component of inelastic specific storage and the thickness of the sediments. Storage changes are incorporated into the groundwater flow model by adding an additional term to the flow equation. Within a model time step, the package appropriately apportions storage changes between elastic and inelastic components on the basis of the relation of simulated head to the previous minimum head. Another package that allows for a time-varying specified-head boundary is also documented. This package was written to reduce the data requirements for test simulations of the Interbed-Storage Package. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr88482","usgsCitation":"Leake, S.A., and Prudic, D.E., 1988, Documentation of a computer program to simulate aquifer-system compaction using the modular finite-difference ground-water flow model: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-482, vi, 80 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr88482.","productDescription":"vi, 80 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":379243,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0482/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":148311,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0482/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a62e4b07f02db6362d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leake, S. A.","contributorId":52164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leake","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prudic, David E. deprudic@usgs.gov","contributorId":3430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prudic","given":"David","email":"deprudic@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":169746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":14851,"text":"ofr87765 - 1988 - Simulated changes in ground-water flow caused by hypothetical pumping in east Carson Valley, Douglas County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-09T20:07:05.790302","indexId":"ofr87765","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-765","title":"Simulated changes in ground-water flow caused by hypothetical pumping in east Carson Valley, Douglas County, Nevada","docAbstract":"An existing groundwater model of Carson Valley was used to simulate changes in groundwater flow on the east side of Carson Valley, Nevada, in response to hypothetical increases in groundwater pumpage. Pumpage scenarios that reflect State groundwater permits and pending applications were used in four different simulations to estimate the effect of hypothetical development on groundwater levels and storage, groundwater flow to the Carson River, and groundwater levels and storage, groundwater flow to the Carson River, and groundwater consumed by evapotranspiration over a 45-yr period. The four simulations were based on pumpage rates ranging from 0.13 to 6.4 cu ft/sec (92 to 4,590 acre-ft/year). Changes in groundwater flow and water levels caused by the lowest rate were minimal and at the limit of accuracy of the groundwater model. The highest pumping rate caused water level declines as much as 15 ft, decreased groundwater storage by 27,000 acre/ft, decreased groundwater to the Carson River by 4.3 cu ft/sec (3,100 acre-ft/year), and reduced evapotranspiration losses by about 1,200 acre-ft/year. (Author 's abstract)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr87765","usgsCitation":"Maurer, D.K., 1988, Simulated changes in ground-water flow caused by hypothetical pumping in east Carson Valley, Douglas County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-765, Report: iv, 6 p.; 5 Plates: 12.68 × 18.25 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr87765.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 6 p.; 5 Plates: 12.68 × 18.25 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":391523,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_17326.htm"},{"id":43642,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0765/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":43641,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0765/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":43640,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0765/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":43639,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0765/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":43638,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0765/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":43637,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0765/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":146677,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0765/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Douglas County","otherGeospatial":"east Carson Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.7680,\n 38.898\n ],\n [\n -119.5830,\n 38.898\n ],\n [\n -119.5830,\n 39.108\n ],\n [\n -119.7680,\n 39.108\n ],\n [\n -119.7680,\n 38.898\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f9e4b07f02db5f38a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maurer, D. K.","contributorId":37757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maurer","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27433,"text":"wri884008 - 1988 - Hydrology of the lower Little Red River, Arkansas, and a procedure for estimating available streamflow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:38","indexId":"wri884008","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4008","title":"Hydrology of the lower Little Red River, Arkansas, and a procedure for estimating available streamflow","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Arkansas Soil and Water Conservation Commission, conducted a hydrologic investigation of the lower Little Red River from near Searcy, Arkansas (mi 31.7), to the river 's mouth at its confluence with the White River. During 1983 and 1984, data were collected on streamflow, stream altitude, groundwater altitude and diversion pumping from the Little Red River. Flow in the Little Red River near Searcy is computed by using a modified stage/fall/discharge relation and stage data collected at Searcy and at Judsonia 6.5 mi downstream. This procedure uses a family of 12 rating curves that can be selected by stage records at Searcy and fall records between Searcy and Judsonia. A comparison of water levels in the river to water levels in selected alluvial wells near the river indicates that the Little Red is a gaining stream during summer and fall low periods and is a losing stream during periods of high flow. Flows in the lower Little Red River are also significantly affected by releases from Greers Ferry Reservoir at mi 78.8 and by varying backwater conditions resulting from high stages on the White River. To meet the expressed needs of the Arkansas Soil and Water Conservation Commission, a mass balance procedure was developed to be used for estimating the amount of streamflow available along a reach of stream, given a minimum instream flow requirement set by the regulating authority. This procedure was coded into a computer program that can be invoked interactively as an aid in making streamflow allocation decisions and in maintaining related data bases. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri884008","usgsCitation":"Grosz, G., Terry, J.E., and Hall, A., 1988, Hydrology of the lower Little Red River, Arkansas, and a procedure for estimating available streamflow: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4008, iv, 108 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884008.","productDescription":"iv, 108 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124202,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4008/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56296,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4008/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc376","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grosz, G.D.","contributorId":90340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grosz","given":"G.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Terry, J. E.","contributorId":87930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terry","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hall, A.P.","contributorId":19521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"A.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":28014,"text":"wri874283 - 1988 - Hydrogeology and water-supply potential of the water-table aquifer on Dauphin Island, Alabama","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:38","indexId":"wri874283","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4283","title":"Hydrogeology and water-supply potential of the water-table aquifer on Dauphin Island, Alabama","docAbstract":"The water table aquifer on Dauphin Island, Alabama, consists of a thin veneer of Holocene sand and an underlying Pleistocene unit locally known as the Gulfport Formation. The aquifer is from 28 to 35 ft thick with a thick marine clay at its base. Water in the aquifer generally is low in chloride content except near the coast. Excessively high iron concentrations in groundwater were found locally. A two-dimensional finite-difference groundwater flow model of the water table aquifer on Dauphin Island was used in the steady-state mode to evaluate the flow system under steady-state conditions. Model input data were obtained primarily from 40 test wells, 2 aquifer tests, continuous recording of groundwater levels, and rainfall. The model was calibrated to the low water-table conditions of July 1985 and high water table conditions of April 1985. The model was also used to simulate pumpage from the aquifer under transient conditions with no rainfall. Patterns of computed head changes compared favorably to the natural recession of water levels for the periods of April to May 1985 and May to June 1985. Simulation of groundwater withdrawals in the transient model showed the feasibility of producing 0.6 million gallons/day from eight wells that tap the water table aquifer without inducing lateral seawater encroachment. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri874283","usgsCitation":"Kidd, R.E., 1988, Hydrogeology and water-supply potential of the water-table aquifer on Dauphin Island, Alabama: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4283, vii, 49 p. :ill., (some col.), maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874283.","productDescription":"vii, 49 p. :ill., (some col.), maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":120060,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4283/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56841,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4283/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ade77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kidd, R. E.","contributorId":91145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kidd","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":38395,"text":"pp1457 - 1988 - Geology and uranium deposits of the Cochetopa and Marshall Pass districts, Saguache and Gunnison counties, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:39","indexId":"pp1457","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1457","title":"Geology and uranium deposits of the Cochetopa and Marshall Pass districts, Saguache and Gunnison counties, Colorado","docAbstract":"The Cochetopa and Marshall Pass uranium districts are in Saguache and Gunnison Counties, south-central Colorado. Geologic mapping of both districts has shown that their structural history and geologic relationships have a bearing on the distribution and origin of their uranium deposits. In both districts, the principal uranium deposits are situated at the intersection of major faults with Tertiary erosion surfaces. These surfaces were buried by early Tertiary siliceous tuffs-- a likely source of the uranium. That uranium deposits are related to such unconformities in various parts of the world has been suggested by many other authors. The purpose of this study is to understand the geology of the two districts and to define a genetic model for uranium deposits that may be useful in the discovery and evaluation of uranium deposits in these and other similar geologic settings. \r\n\r\nThe Cochetopa and Marshall Pass uranium districts produced nearly 1,200 metric tons of uranium oxide from 1956 to 1963. Several workings at the Los Ochos mine in the Cochetopa district, and the Pitch mine in the Marshall Pass district, accounted for about 97 percent of this production, but numerous other occurrences of uranium are known in the two districts. As a result of exploration of the Pitch deposit in the 1970's, a large open-pit mining operation began in 1978. \r\n\r\nProterozoic rocks in both districts comprise metavolcanic, metasedimentary, and igneous units. Granitic rocks, predominantly quartz monzonitic in composition, occupy large areas. In the northwestern part of the Cochetopa district, metavolcanic and related metasedimentary rocks are of low grade (lower amphibolite facies). In the Marshall Pass district, layered metamorphic rocks are predominantly metasedimentary and are of higher (sillimanite subfacies) grade than the Cochetopa rocks. \r\n\r\nPaleozoic sedimentary rocks in the Marshall Pass district range from Late Cambrian to Pennsylvanian in age and are 700 m thick. The Paleozoic rocks include, from oldest to youngest, the Sawatch Quartzite, Manitou Dolomite, Harding Quartzite, Fremont Dolomite, Parting Formation and Dyer Dolomite of the Chaffee Group, Leadville Dolomite, and Belden Formation. In the Cochetopa district, Paleozoic rocks are absent. \r\n\r\nMesozoic sedimentary rocks overlie the Precambrian rocks in the Cochetopa district and comprise the Junction Creek Sandstone, Morrison Formation, Dakota Sandstone, and Mancos Shale. In the Marshall Pass district, Mesozoic rocks are absent and were presumably removed by pre-Tertiary erosion. \r\n\r\nTertiary volcanic rocks were deposited on an irregular surface of unconformity; they blanketed both districts but have been eroded, away from much of the area. They include silicic ash flows as well as andesitic lava flows and breccias. In the Marshall Pass district, a 20to 20D-m thickness of waterlaid tuff of early Tertiary age indicates the former presence of a lake over much of the district. \r\n\r\nIn the Cochetopa district, faults have a predominantly east-west trend, and the major Los Ochos fault shows displacement during Laramide time. In the Marshall Pass district, the Chester fault is a major north-trending reverse fault along which Proterozoic rocks have been thrust westward over Paleozoic and Proterozoic rocks. Displacement on the Chester fault was almost entirely of Laramide age. \r\n\r\nBoth faults and old erosion surfaces or unconformities are important in the origin of uranium deposits because of their influence on the movement and localization of ore-forming solutions. In the Cochetopa district, all the known uranium occurrences crop out within 100 m of the inferred position of the unconformity surface beneath the Tertiary volcanic rocks. Much of the district was part of the drainage of an ancestral Cochetopa Creek. The principal uranium deposit, at the Los Ochos mine, is localized along the Los Ochos fault and is near the bottom of the paleovalley where the paleovalley crosses the fault. This ","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/pp1457","usgsCitation":"Olson, J.C., 1988, Geology and uranium deposits of the Cochetopa and Marshall Pass districts, Saguache and Gunnison counties, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1457, 44 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1457.","productDescription":"44 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119815,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1457/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":64754,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1457/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db6841b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olson, Jerry C.","contributorId":89202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"Jerry","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":25859,"text":"wri874199 - 1988 - Water resources of Borrego Valley and vicinity, San Diego County, California: Phase 2 - Development of a ground-water flow model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-26T21:41:48.419377","indexId":"wri874199","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4199","title":"Water resources of Borrego Valley and vicinity, San Diego County, California: Phase 2 - Development of a ground-water flow model","docAbstract":"Because of the imbalance between recharge and pumpage, groundwater levels declined as much as 100 ft in some areas of Borrego Valley, California during drinking 1945-80. As an aid to analyzing the effects of pumping on the groundwater system, a three-dimensional finite-element groundwater flow model was developed. The model was calibrated for both steady-state (1945) and transient-state (1946-79) conditions. For the steady-state calibration, hydraulic conductivities of the three aquifers were varied within reasonable limits to obtain an acceptable match between measured and computed hydraulic heads. Recharge from streamflow infiltration (4,800 acre-ft/yr) was balanced by computed evapotranspiration (3,900 acre-ft/yr) and computed subsurface outflow from the model area (930 acre-ft/yr). For the transient state calibration, the volumes and distribution of net groundwater pumpage were estimated from land-use data and estimates of consumptive use for irrigated crops. The pumpage was assigned to the appropriate nodes in the model for each of seventeen 2-year time steps representing the period 1946-79. The specific yields of the three aquifers were varied within reasonable limits to obtain an acceptable match between measured and computed hydraulic heads. Groundwater pumpage input to the model was compensated by declines in both the computed evapotranspiration and the amount of groundwater in storage. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri874199","usgsCitation":"Mitten, H., Lines, G.C., Berenbrock, C., and Durbin, T.J., 1988, Water resources of Borrego Valley and vicinity, San Diego County, California: Phase 2 - Development of a ground-water flow model: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4199, iv, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874199.","productDescription":"iv, 27 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":392152,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46856.htm"},{"id":54611,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4199/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158291,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4199/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Diego County","otherGeospatial":"Borrego Valley and vicinity","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.42,\n 33.1\n ],\n [\n -116.1167,\n 33.1\n ],\n [\n -116.1167,\n 33.3792\n ],\n [\n -116.42,\n 33.3792\n ],\n [\n -116.42,\n 33.1\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f086f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mitten, H. T.","contributorId":88735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitten","given":"H. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lines, G. C.","contributorId":30577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lines","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Berenbrock, Charles","contributorId":30598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berenbrock","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Durbin, T. J.","contributorId":55818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durbin","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":26390,"text":"wri884017 - 1988 - Geohydrology, water quality, and preliminary simulations of ground-water flow of the alluvial aquifer in the upper Black Squirrel Creek basin, El Paso County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-13T12:25:25","indexId":"wri884017","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4017","title":"Geohydrology, water quality, and preliminary simulations of ground-water flow of the alluvial aquifer in the upper Black Squirrel Creek basin, El Paso County, Colorado","docAbstract":"The upper Black Squirrel Creek basin in eastern El Paso County, Colorado, is underlain by an alluvial aquifer and four bedrock aquifers. The climate of the area is semiarid, and streamflow is irregular. The alluvial aquifer has supplied water to wells since the late 1800's when ranchers first pumped water from shallow wells to grow grass hay for livestock. Ground-water pumpage from the alluvial aquifer has increased since the mid-1950's, and water-level declines have been substantial; the bedrock aquifers virtually are undeveloped. Ground-water pumpage for domestic, stock, agricultural, and municipal uses has exceeded recharge for the past 25 years. The present extent of the effect of pumpage on the alluvial aquifer was evaluated, and a ground-water flow model was used to simulate the future effect of continued pumpage on the aquifer.
Measured water-level declines from 1974 through 1984 were as much as 30 feet in an area north of Ellicott, Colorado. On the basis of the simulations, water-level declines from October 1984 to April 1999 north of Ellicott might be as much as 20 to 30 feet and as much as 1 to 10 feet in most of the aquifer. Flow from the bedrock aquifers to the alluvial aquifer may account for a substantial volume of the recharge to the alluvial aquifer.
The ground-water flow models provided a means of evaluating the importance of ground-water evapotranspiration at various stages of aquifer development. Simulated ground-water evapotranspiration decreased from 1949 to 1984; prior to 1950 ground-water evapotranspiration was about 43.5 percent of the total outflow, but in 1984 it was less than 3 percent.
Thirty-six ground-water samples were collected during 1984. Chemical analyses indicated that concentrations of dissolved nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen generally were large. Samples from 5 of the 36 wells had concentrations of dissolved nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen that exceeded drinking-water standards; these concentrations could pose a health threat toinfants. Water from the alluvial aquifer generally is of suitable quality forother uses.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri884017","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Cherokee Water District","usgsCitation":"Buckles, D.R., and Watts, K.R., 1988, Geohydrology, water quality, and preliminary simulations of ground-water flow of the alluvial aquifer in the upper Black Squirrel Creek basin, El Paso County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4017, v, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884017.","productDescription":"v, 49 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":121959,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4017/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55184,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4017/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"17.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"El Paso County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-104.6642,39.1308],[-104.6072,39.1307],[-104.4958,39.1298],[-104.3854,39.1284],[-104.2733,39.1278],[-104.166,39.1277],[-104.0521,39.1264],[-104.0538,39.0407],[-104.0544,38.9528],[-104.0549,38.8666],[-104.0537,38.7801],[-104.0525,38.693],[-104.051,38.6585],[-104.0524,38.6069],[-104.054,38.523],[-104.1629,38.5215],[-104.2759,38.5204],[-104.2794,38.5205],[-104.2836,38.5201],[-104.3759,38.52],[-104.4971,38.5192],[-104.6071,38.5187],[-104.7171,38.5186],[-104.736,38.5183],[-104.8295,38.5183],[-104.943,38.5175],[-104.9432,38.5479],[-104.943,38.5624],[-104.9429,38.6041],[-104.9427,38.6186],[-104.9429,38.6467],[-104.9429,38.6503],[-104.9427,38.6621],[-104.9427,38.6648],[-104.9428,38.6938],[-104.9399,38.6938],[-104.9386,38.7808],[-104.939,38.7949],[-105.0671,38.7946],[-105.0674,38.8666],[-105.0502,38.8665],[-105.0296,38.8668],[-105.026,39.0413],[-105.032,39.1311],[-104.9371,39.1312],[-104.9175,39.131],[-104.8303,39.1311],[-104.6642,39.1308]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"El Paso\",\"state\":\"CO\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a875a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buckles, David R.","contributorId":56687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buckles","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Watts, Kenneth R.","contributorId":43783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watts","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":27757,"text":"wri884122 - 1988 - Review of mechanisms, methods, and theory for determining recharge to shallow aquifers in North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-08T13:08:25","indexId":"wri884122","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4122","title":"Review of mechanisms, methods, and theory for determining recharge to shallow aquifers in North Dakota","docAbstract":"Effective management of ground-water resources requires knowledge of all components of the water budget for the aquifer of interest. Efforts to simulate ground-water flow prior to development and the effects of proposed pumping in several of North Dakota's shallow glacial aquifers have been hindered by the lack of reliable estimates of ground-water recharge. This study was done to (1) review the methods that have been used to measure recharge, (2) review the theory of unsaturated flow and the methods for characterizing the physical properties of unsaturated media, (3) consider the relative merits of a rigorous data-intensive approach versus an estimation approach to the study of recharge, and (4) review past and current agronomic research in North Dakota for applicability of the research and the data generated to the study of recharge.
Direct, quantitative techniques for evaluating recharge are rarely applied. The theory for computing fluxes in unsaturated media is well established and numerous physics-based models that effectively implement the theory are available, but the data required for the models generally are lacking. Many parametric approaches have been developed to avoid the large data requirements of the physics-based approaches for analyzing flow in the unsaturated zone. However, the parametric approaches normally include fitting coefficients that must be calibrated for every study site, thereby detracting from the general utility of the parametric approach.
The functional relation of matric potential to moisture content is required for physics-based soil-water models, whether analytic or numeric. Laboratory methods to determine these relations are tedious, costly, and may not give results representative of the soils as they occur in the field. Many models have been proposed to estimate the moisture-characteristic curve and hydraulic-conductivity function from basic soil properties, but none yield results that are universally satisfactory. In situ methods, because they require minimal disturbance of the soil profile and may be used repeatedly on the same soil mass, have become the preferred means for acquiring physical data, especially hydraulic conductivity. Hydro logic investigations, except for recent studies of hazardous-waste disposal sites, rarely have included physical characterizations of unsaturated media.
Any of four phenomena could hinder attempts to simulate unsaturated flow in settings typical of North Dakota; variability of soil properties, hysteresis, frozen ground, and macropore development. The spatial and temporal variability of soil properties probably is the greatest complicating phenomenon and must be dealt with by detailed characterization of the properties. Hysteresis can detract from the accuracy of flow calculations for some soils under certain conditions but, for the present, our scant knowledge of soil physical properties is a greater hindrance to reliable soi1-water mode 1 ing than is the hysteresis phenomenon. A1 though seasona1ly frozen ground undoubtedly affects hydrologic processes in North Dakota, much more research is needed before meaningful quantitative treatment is possible. Finally, macropores can influence soil-water movement significantly, but macropore development may not be common on the intensively farmed, coarse-textured soils that typically overlie North Dakota's glacial aquifers. Lysimetry currently is the only reliable means of analyzing macropore flow.
The soil-related research that has been conducted in North Dakota to date (1983) provides little of the type of information required to estimate ground-water recharge. Useful data could be developed by systematically evaluating the hydraulic characteristics of the prominent soil types overlying North Dakota's shallow glacial aquifers. These data would be required to enable use of a physics-based approach to estimating recharge. The size of the aquifer under study, its economic value, and the resources available for data collection should be considered when choosing between parametric or physics-based methods.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri884122","usgsCitation":"Horak, W., 1988, Review of mechanisms, methods, and theory for determining recharge to shallow aquifers in North Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4122, iv, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884122.","productDescription":"iv, 54 p.","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157960,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4122/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56604,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4122/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a80f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horak, W.F.","contributorId":82326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horak","given":"W.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":12815,"text":"ofr87452 - 1988 - A strategy for collecting ground-water data and developing a ground-water model of the Missouri River alluvial aquifer, Woodbury and Monona Counties, Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-11T13:05:37","indexId":"ofr87452","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-452","title":"A strategy for collecting ground-water data and developing a ground-water model of the Missouri River alluvial aquifer, Woodbury and Monona Counties, Iowa","docAbstract":"A ground-water-flow model and plan for obtaining supporting data are proposed for a part of the Missouri River alluvial aquifer in Woodbury and Monona Counties, Iowa. The proposed model and the use of the principle of superposition will aid in the interpretation of the relation between ground water and surface water in the study area, particularly the effect of lowered river stages on water levels in the alluvial aquifer. Information on the geometry, hydraulic characteristics, and water levels in the alluvial aquifer needs to be collected for use in the model and for model calibration. A plan to obtain hydrologic and geologic information by use of exploratory test-well drilling is proposed. Also proposed is a monitoring network to obtain information on the spatial and temporal variability of water levels within the study area.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Iowa City","doi":"10.3133/ofr87452","collaboration":"Prepared for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Omaha District","usgsCitation":"Buchmiller, R.C., 1988, A strategy for collecting ground-water data and developing a ground-water model of the Missouri River alluvial aquifer, Woodbury and Monona Counties, Iowa: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-452, v, 16 p.: ill., maps; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr87452.","productDescription":"v, 16 p.: ill., maps; 28 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":147433,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0452/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":41231,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0452/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","county":"Monona County, Woodbury County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-95.6701,42.2099],[-95.6705,42.1231],[-95.6708,42.0354],[-95.6731,41.9491],[-95.6734,41.8619],[-95.7912,41.8626],[-95.9077,41.8627],[-96.0237,41.8632],[-96.1365,41.8657],[-96.1397,41.8682],[-96.143,41.8736],[-96.1451,41.8781],[-96.1452,41.8821],[-96.1462,41.8863],[-96.148,41.8898],[-96.1531,41.8951],[-96.1563,41.8987],[-96.1595,41.9023],[-96.1597,41.9055],[-96.1598,41.908],[-96.1579,41.9098],[-96.1556,41.911],[-96.1516,41.9119],[-96.1476,41.913],[-96.144,41.9153],[-96.1408,41.9175],[-96.1381,41.9206],[-96.1367,41.9246],[-96.1364,41.9287],[-96.1381,41.9319],[-96.1398,41.9359],[-96.1413,41.9408],[-96.1426,41.9444],[-96.1421,41.9476],[-96.1414,41.9511],[-96.1399,41.9547],[-96.137,41.9582],[-96.1346,41.9614],[-96.133,41.9664],[-96.1335,41.97],[-96.1382,41.9745],[-96.143,41.9771],[-96.1476,41.9775],[-96.1528,41.9787],[-96.1578,41.9789],[-96.1627,41.9786],[-96.1671,41.9778],[-96.1714,41.9779],[-96.1748,41.9783],[-96.1781,41.9804],[-96.1811,41.9823],[-96.1831,41.9854],[-96.185,41.9897],[-96.1848,41.9929],[-96.1847,41.9963],[-96.185,42.0001],[-96.1851,42.0044],[-96.1857,42.0055],[-96.1877,42.0063],[-96.192,42.0087],[-96.2057,42.0094],[-96.215,42.0069],[-96.2246,41.9945],[-96.2367,41.9961],[-96.2413,42.0009],[-96.2416,42.0037],[-96.238,42.0128],[-96.2283,42.0174],[-96.2225,42.0233],[-96.2217,42.025],[-96.2212,42.0282],[-96.2232,42.0309],[-96.224,42.034],[-96.2312,42.0378],[-96.2332,42.0384],[-96.2383,42.0411],[-96.2578,42.0384],[-96.2698,42.0429],[-96.272,42.0461],[-96.2728,42.0474],[-96.2742,42.0502],[-96.2777,42.0586],[-96.279,42.0685],[-96.2771,42.0804],[-96.2693,42.092],[-96.2661,42.1031],[-96.2686,42.1149],[-96.2753,42.1199],[-96.2766,42.1221],[-96.2863,42.126],[-96.3055,42.1298],[-96.3126,42.1362],[-96.3152,42.1411],[-96.3179,42.1472],[-96.3259,42.1532],[-96.3403,42.1595],[-96.3474,42.1669],[-96.3482,42.1702],[-96.3488,42.1709],[-96.3502,42.174],[-96.3513,42.1777],[-96.3511,42.1799],[-96.3512,42.184],[-96.3506,42.1863],[-96.3507,42.189],[-96.3508,42.1908],[-96.3505,42.1931],[-96.3509,42.1958],[-96.3538,42.2021],[-96.3564,42.2062],[-96.3578,42.2093],[-96.3585,42.212],[-96.358,42.2147],[-96.3576,42.2154],[-96.3368,42.2178],[-96.3224,42.2324],[-96.3287,42.24],[-96.328,42.2478],[-96.3307,42.2587],[-96.3389,42.2679],[-96.3534,42.2743],[-96.3574,42.277],[-96.3674,42.2899],[-96.3703,42.3065],[-96.3715,42.3142],[-96.3735,42.3171],[-96.3737,42.3185],[-96.3829,42.3256],[-96.4085,42.3374],[-96.4186,42.352],[-96.4162,42.3629],[-96.4077,42.3739],[-96.4158,42.3923],[-96.4149,42.4088],[-96.3987,42.4227],[-96.3964,42.4243],[-96.3909,42.4288],[-96.3869,42.4327],[-96.3834,42.4383],[-96.382,42.4445],[-96.381,42.4526],[-96.3807,42.4642],[-96.3831,42.4722],[-96.3863,42.4787],[-96.3915,42.484],[-96.3997,42.4877],[-96.4079,42.4896],[-96.4192,42.4916],[-96.4328,42.4908],[-96.4483,42.4893],[-96.45,42.4895],[-96.4589,42.4907],[-96.4687,42.493],[-96.473,42.4945],[-96.4754,42.4962],[-96.4763,42.5014],[-96.4749,42.5037],[-96.4746,42.5071],[-96.4764,42.5101],[-96.4838,42.5121],[-96.4888,42.5123],[-96.4918,42.5137],[-96.4926,42.5215],[-96.4798,42.5261],[-96.4774,42.5294],[-96.477,42.5335],[-96.4776,42.5494],[-96.4792,42.557],[-96.4862,42.5601],[-96.4954,42.5589],[-96.4982,42.562],[-96.4514,42.5622],[-96.3711,42.5622],[-96.2166,42.5614],[-96.0995,42.5615],[-95.8585,42.5611],[-95.7402,42.5609],[-95.7414,42.5223],[-95.7399,42.475],[-95.6696,42.4744],[-95.6693,42.384],[-95.6706,42.3658],[-95.6696,42.2962],[-95.6701,42.2099]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Monona\",\"state\":\"IA\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a6265","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buchmiller, Robert C.","contributorId":72372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchmiller","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":15791,"text":"ofr87526 - 1988 - Documentation of a steady-state saltwater-intrusion model for three-dimensional ground-water flow, and user's guide","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:16","indexId":"ofr87526","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-526","title":"Documentation of a steady-state saltwater-intrusion model for three-dimensional ground-water flow, and user's guide","docAbstract":"A finite-difference model that simulates three-dimensional flow of groundwater was modified to simulate steady flow of freshwater in a multiple-aquifer system containing freshwater and static saltwater. The two fluids are assumed to be immiscible, with constant but different densities, and are separated by a sharp interface. The interface position computed by the model for a test problem was in good agreement with the analytic solution for this problem. The model was developed to simulate seawater intrusion in coastal aquifers, but it could be used to simulate flow in any aquifer system that is bounded by saltwater. This report describes modifications made to the existing numerical model and the method of locating an interface , and contains a user 's guide for the model. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr87526","usgsCitation":"Sapik, D.B., 1988, Documentation of a steady-state saltwater-intrusion model for three-dimensional ground-water flow, and user's guide: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-526, 174 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr87526.","productDescription":"174 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":150275,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0526/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":44822,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0526/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5ee4b07f02db633ce8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sapik, D. B.","contributorId":75932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sapik","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":171724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":35278,"text":"b1811 - 1988 - Descriptive and grade-tonnage models of volcanogenic manganese deposits in oceanic environments; a modification","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:43","indexId":"b1811","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1811","title":"Descriptive and grade-tonnage models of volcanogenic manganese deposits in oceanic environments; a modification","docAbstract":"Four types of volcanogenic manganese deposits, distinguished on the basis of geologic, geochemical, and geophysical characteristics, appear to result from a combination of volcanic and hydrothermal processes related to hot-spring activity in oceanic environments. We compare these four desposit types, here called the Franciscan, Cuban, Olympic Peninsula, and Cyprus, with respect to host rocks, associated rocks, minerals, deposit shape, dimensions, volume, tonnage, grade, and mineral-deposit density (number of deposits per unit area). \r\n\r\nFranciscan-type deposits occur in obducted oceanic ridge and backarc marginal-basin environments, are associated with chert, shale, and graywacke aroun the margins of mafic volcanic centers, and have a median tonnage of 450 t and median grades of 36 weight percent Mn and less than 5.1 weight percent Fe. Cuban-type deposits occur in island-arc environments, are associated with tuff and limestone around domal structures or intrusions inferred to be volcanic centers, and have a median tonnage of 6,400 t and median grades of 39 weight percent Mn and less than 4.4 weight percent Fe. Olympic Peninsula-type deposits occur in obducted oceanic midplate settings, are associated with argillaceous limestone, argillite, and graywacke around mafic volcanic centers (seamounts or islands), and have a median tonnage of 340 t and median grades of 35 weight percent Mn and less than 6.5 weight percent Fe. Cyprus-type deposits occur in the same tectonic environments as Franciscan type but are associated with basalt, marl, chalk, silt, and chert off the ridge-axis position and have a median tonnage of 41,000 t and median grades of 33 weight percent Fe and 8 weight percent Mn. All these deposits are thin ellipsoids, concordant to the host rocks, but Cyprus-and Cuban-type deposits are larger than Franciscan- and Olympic Peninsula-type deposits. Except for Cyprus-type deposits, which are manganiferous iron (umber) deposits composed of hydrated iron and manganese oxides, all volcanogenic manganese deposits contain manganese oxides, silicates, and carbonates. \r\n\r\nMineral-deposit densities, along with grade and tonnage information, are useful for estimating the number, size, andgrades of these deposits in resource assessments.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/b1811","usgsCitation":"Mosier, D.L., and Page, N.J., 1988, Descriptive and grade-tonnage models of volcanogenic manganese deposits in oceanic environments; a modification: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1811, iv, 28 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/b1811.","productDescription":"iv, 28 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":166974,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3399,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/b1811/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db667fb7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mosier, Dan L.","contributorId":42593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mosier","given":"Dan","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":214365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Page, Norman J.","contributorId":46492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Page","given":"Norman","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":214366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":13669,"text":"ofr88475 - 1988 - Models, data available, and data requirements for estimating the effects of injecting saltwater into disposal wells in the greater Altamont-Bluebell oil and gas field, northern Uinta Basin, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-31T16:05:21","indexId":"ofr88475","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-475","title":"Models, data available, and data requirements for estimating the effects of injecting saltwater into disposal wells in the greater Altamont-Bluebell oil and gas field, northern Uinta Basin, Utah","docAbstract":"Permits for disposing of salty oil-production water have been issued for 19 wells in the Greater Altamont-Bluebell field. During 1986 more than 500 million gallons of production water were injected into the Duchesne River, Uinta, and Green River Formations through 18 of these wells. The physical and chemical effects of injecting this water into aquifers containing potable water are poorly understood. Interfingering and the structural configuration of these formations add complexity to the description of the geometry and hydrogeology of the ground-water system.
A preliminary assessment of the problem indicates that numerical modeling may offer a method of determining the effects of injection. Modeling possibilities include variable-density, three-dimensional flow, sectionaltransport, and areal-transport models. Data needed to develop these models can be derived from a synthesis of geologic, hydrologic, and hydrochemical data already available in the files of State and Federal agencies, oil companies, and private companies. Results from each modeling phase would contribute information for implementing the following phase. The result will be a better understanding of how water moves naturally through the groundwater system, the extent of alterations of both vertical and horizontal flow near the disposal wells, and an overall concept of the effects of deep injection on near-surface aquifers.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","doi":"10.3133/ofr88475","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Utah Division of Oil, Gas, And Mining","usgsCitation":"Freethey, G.W., 1988, Models, data available, and data requirements for estimating the effects of injecting saltwater into disposal wells in the greater Altamont-Bluebell oil and gas field, northern Uinta Basin, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-475, iv, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr88475.","productDescription":"iv, 30 p.","numberOfPages":"34","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":42220,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0475/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":147794,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0475/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Altamont-Bluebell oil and gas field, Uinta Basin","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db6996ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Freethey, Geoffrey W.","contributorId":25570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freethey","given":"Geoffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":12682,"text":"ofr88403 - 1988 - The Creede, Colorado ore-forming system; a summary model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:39","indexId":"ofr88403","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-403","title":"The Creede, Colorado ore-forming system; a summary model","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr88403","usgsCitation":"Bethke, P.M., 1988, The Creede, Colorado ore-forming system; a summary model: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-403, 30 p. :ill. (some col.), maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr88403.","productDescription":"30 p. :ill. (some col.), maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":145697,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0403/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":41093,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0403/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67ec88","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bethke, P. M.","contributorId":32921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bethke","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27197,"text":"wri874188 - 1988 - Water resources and effects of ground-water development in Pasco County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-04T21:09:04.036365","indexId":"wri874188","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4188","title":"Water resources and effects of ground-water development in Pasco County, Florida","docAbstract":"Ninety-nine percent of the 79.72 million gal/d of water used in Pasco County, Florida is groundwater from the Upper Floridan aquifer. In addition, 53.5 million gal/d is exported for use in Pinellas County. Chemical quality of the water generally falls within recommended limits for drinking water except near the coast. A groundwater flow model was used to predict drawdowns in water levels under five different development plans for west Pasco County. One of these plans was incorporated in an estimated groundwater development plan for 2035 for Pasco, Pinellas, and part of Hillsborough County. Reduction in evapotranspiration accounts for nearly all the water required for each development plan. Two plans showed less effect in drawdown and potential of saltwater intrusion than the other three. For the overall groundwater development plan for Pasco, Pinellas, and parts of Hillsborough Counties, the average potentiometric surface in 2035 would be from 8 ft higher to 20 ft lower than the average 1976-77 potentiometric surface. Reductions in head would increase the potential for infiltration of contaminants in areas where surficial materials are thin, sinkhole development in sinkhole prone areas, and upconing and lateral intrusion of saltwater. The potential for dewatering the surficial aquifer is great in the Cross Bar Ranch and Cypress Creek well-field areas. Evapotranspiration of groundwater would be reduced by 19% between 1976-77 and 2035. Exchange of water between the rivers and the aquifers will be reduced by 13%. Springflow will be reduced by 6%, and three springs will cease to flow. Model boundary inflow and outflow also will be reduced.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri874188","usgsCitation":"Fretwell, J.D., 1988, Water resources and effects of ground-water development in Pasco County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4188, ix, 209 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874188.","productDescription":"ix, 209 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":393881,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46846.htm"},{"id":56071,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4188/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158484,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4188/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Pasco 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J. 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The highest salinity and selenium concentrations in shallow ground water occur in alluvium deposited by ephemeral streams and at the margins of the major alluvial fans, where there were naturally saline, fine-grained soils. Low-to-moderate salinity and selenium concentrations in shallow ground water are associated with upper and middle areas of the major alluvial fans deposited by intermittent streams. Areas with the most naturally saline soils have been irrigated in the last 40 years. These are now the areas of highest salinity and selenium concentrations in the shallow ground water. Present-day (1986) ground-water salinity is significantly correlated with natural soil salinity in these areas. Isotopic data indicate that the highest salinity and selenium concentrations in ground water present at low altitudes resulted from evaporative concentration when the water table was shallow.
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