This map is one of six in a series presenting marine gravity data off the western coast of Africa (fig. 1). The data, collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in 1987 in response to a request from the Defense Mapping Agency, are intended to improve gravity coverage where it has been insufficient or inadequate. The information shown on this and the other three maps that cover the African coast represents a total of approximately 32,000 line kilometers of marine gravity data from Western Sahara south to Gabon. This map includes data collected off the coasts of Senegal, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, and Sierra Leone from July 22 to August 20, 1987.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf2098D","usgsCitation":"Folger, D.W., Irwin, B., McCullough, J., Driscoll, G., and Polloni, C.F., 1990, Map showing free-air gravity anomalies off the western coast of Africa Senegal (south of 15° north latitude) to Sierra Leone: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2098, 30.03 x 37.46 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2098D.","productDescription":"30.03 x 37.46 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":114721,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1990/2098d/plate-1.pdf","size":"3220","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":185154,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1990/2098d/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":114720,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1990/2098d/report.pdf","size":"27","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"1500000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -18,4 ], [ -18,14 ], [ -12,14 ], [ -12,4 ], [ -18,4 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b1643","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Folger, D. W.","contributorId":97126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Folger","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":259512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Irwin, B.J.","contributorId":105684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irwin","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":259513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCullough, J.R.","contributorId":27139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCullough","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":259510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Driscoll, G.R.","contributorId":89974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Driscoll","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":259511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Polloni, C. F.","contributorId":13618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Polloni","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":259509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":49191,"text":"ofr90466C - 1990 - GEONAMES data base of geologic names of the United States through 1988 : DE, MD, VA, NJ, DC","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:12","indexId":"ofr90466C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-466","chapter":"C","title":"GEONAMES data base of geologic names of the United States through 1988 : DE, MD, VA, NJ, DC","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr90466C","usgsCitation":"Luttrell, G.W., Hubert, M., and Murdock, C., 1990, GEONAMES data base of geologic names of the United States through 1988 : DE, MD, VA, NJ, DC: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 90-466, 16 computer disks ; 5 1/4 in. + 1 booklet (10 leaves ; 28 cm.), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr90466C.","productDescription":"16 computer disks ; 5 1/4 in. + 1 booklet (10 leaves ; 28 cm.)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":175571,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0466c/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":85963,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0466c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b30e4b07f02db6b40cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luttrell, G. W. (compiler)","contributorId":93494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luttrell","given":"G.","suffix":"(compiler)","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":239260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hubert, M.L.","contributorId":83530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":239259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Murdock, C.R.","contributorId":16013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murdock","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":239258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":16919,"text":"ofr89596 - 1990 - Benthic macrofauna and ancillary data for San Francisco Bay, California, January to November 1988","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-27T12:07:18","indexId":"ofr89596","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-596","title":"Benthic macrofauna and ancillary data for San Francisco Bay, California, January to November 1988","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nCopies can be purchased from U.S. Geological Survey Books and Open-File Report Section,","doi":"10.3133/ofr89596","usgsCitation":"Schemel, L., Ota, A.Y., Harmon, J., Shay, J.M., and Adorador, R., 1990, Benthic macrofauna and ancillary data for San Francisco Bay, California, January to November 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-596, iv, 65 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr89596.","productDescription":"iv, 65 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":149707,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0596/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":46031,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0596/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62b426","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schemel, L. E.","contributorId":89529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schemel","given":"L. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ota, Allan Y.","contributorId":85192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ota","given":"Allan","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harmon, J.G.","contributorId":90753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harmon","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shay, J. M.","contributorId":98321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shay","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Adorador, R.M.","contributorId":72807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adorador","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":54583,"text":"wdrID891 - 1990 - Water Resources Data, Idaho, Water Year 1989","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:08","indexId":"wdrID891","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"ID-89-1","title":"Water Resources Data, Idaho, Water Year 1989","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wdrID891","usgsCitation":"Harenberg, W., Jones, M., O'Dell, I., and Cordes, S., 1990, Water Resources Data, Idaho, Water Year 1989: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report ID-89-1, 695 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrID891.","productDescription":"695 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":181078,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fba4c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harenberg, W. A.","contributorId":78743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harenberg","given":"W. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, M.L.","contributorId":88731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O'Dell, I.","contributorId":80336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Dell","given":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cordes, S.C.","contributorId":106196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cordes","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":20229,"text":"ofr89615 - 1990 - Hydrogeologic and water-quality data from well clusters near the wastewater-treatment plant, U.S. Marine Corps Air Station, Cherry Point, North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-16T09:02:00","indexId":"ofr89615","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-615","title":"Hydrogeologic and water-quality data from well clusters near the wastewater-treatment plant, U.S. Marine Corps Air Station, Cherry Point, North Carolina","docAbstract":"Hydrogeologic and ground-water quality data were collected near the wastewater-treatment plant and associated polishing lagoons at the Marine Corps Air Station, Cherry Point, North Carolina, in 1988. Between March and May 1988, two observation wells were installed upgradient and six wells were installed downgradient of the polishing lagoons and sampled for organic and inorganic U.S. Environmental Protection Agency priority pollutants. Placement of the well screens allowed sampling from both the upper and lower parts of the surficial aquifer. Natural gamma-ray geophysical logs were run in the four deepest wells. Lithologic logs were prepared from split-spoon samples collected during the drilling operations. Laboratory hydraulic conductivity tests were conducted on samples of fine-grained material recovered from the two confining units that separate the surficial aquifer and the drinking-water supply aquifer; values ranged from 0.011 to 0.014 foot per day (4x10-6 to 5x10-6 centimeters per second). Static water levels were recorded on April 25, 1988.\r\n\r\nRelatively low concentrations of purgeable organic compounds (up to 2.2 micrograms per liter for dichlorodifluoromethane), acid and base/neutral extractable compounds (up to 58 micrograms per liter for bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate), or pesticides (up to 0.03 micrograms per liter for diazinon and methyl parathion) were detected in water samples collected from all of the wells. Trace metals were detected in concentrations above minimum detectable limits in all of the wells and were found to be higher in water samples collected from the downgradient wells (up to 320 micrograms per liter for zinc) than in water samples from the upgradient wells.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr89615","usgsCitation":"Murray, L.C., and Daniel, C.C., 1990, Hydrogeologic and water-quality data from well clusters near the wastewater-treatment plant, U.S. Marine Corps Air Station, Cherry Point, North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-615, iv, 56 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr89615.","productDescription":"iv, 56 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":152456,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0615/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":49772,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0615/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"U.S. Marine Corps Air Station, Cherry Point","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.3599853515625,\n 34.229970811273084\n ],\n [\n -78.3599853515625,\n 35.84008157153468\n ],\n [\n -75.20690917968749,\n 35.84008157153468\n ],\n [\n -75.20690917968749,\n 34.229970811273084\n ],\n [\n -78.3599853515625,\n 34.229970811273084\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a50e4b07f02db628c4a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murray, L. C. Jr.","contributorId":25183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"L.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Daniel, C. C. III","contributorId":71953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daniel","given":"C.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":20394,"text":"ofr90112 - 1990 - Hydrologic and chemical data from selected wells and springs in southern Elmore County, including Mountain Home Air Force Base, southwestern Idaho, Fall 1989","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-12T15:51:14","indexId":"ofr90112","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-112","title":"Hydrologic and chemical data from selected wells and springs in southern Elmore County, including Mountain Home Air Force Base, southwestern Idaho, Fall 1989","docAbstract":"Hydrologic and chemical data were collected during September through November 1989 from 90 wells and 6 springs in southern Elmore County, southwestern Idaho. These data were collected to characterize the chemical quality of water in major water-yielding zones in areas near Mountain Home and the Mountain Home Air Force Base. The data include well and spring locations, well-construction and water-level information, and chemical analysis of water from each well and spring inventoried.
\nGround water in the study area is generally suitable for most uses. In localized areas, water is highly mineralized, and pH, concentrations of dissolved sulfate, chloride, or nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen exceed national public drinking water limits. Fecal coliform and fecal streptococci bacteria were detected in separate water samples. One or more volatile organic compounds were detected in water samples from 15 wells, and the concentration of benzene exceeded the national public drinking water limit in a water sample from one well.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Boise, ID","doi":"10.3133/ofr90112","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Department of the Air Force","usgsCitation":"Parliman, D., and Young, H., 1990, Hydrologic and chemical data from selected wells and springs in southern Elmore County, including Mountain Home Air Force Base, southwestern Idaho, Fall 1989: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 90-112, iii, 35 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr90112.","productDescription":"iii, 35 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","numberOfPages":"40","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":153173,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0112/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":49941,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0112/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"100000","country":"United States","state":"Idaho","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.083333,42.933333 ], [ -116.083333,43.225 ], [ -115.625,43.225 ], [ -115.625,42.933333 ], [ -116.083333,42.933333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db6832fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parliman, D. J.","contributorId":64220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parliman","given":"D. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Young, H.W.","contributorId":68278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"H.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28813,"text":"wri894200 - 1990 - Hydrogeologic, water-level, and water-quality data from monitoring wells at the U.S. Marine Corps Air Station, Cherry Point, North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-12T20:57:25.027065","indexId":"wri894200","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4200","title":"Hydrogeologic, water-level, and water-quality data from monitoring wells at the U.S. Marine Corps Air Station, Cherry Point, North Carolina","docAbstract":"Unlined hazardous-waste disposal sites at the U.S. Marine Corps Air Station, Cherry Point, North Carolina, are located near drinking-water supply wells that tap the Castle Hayne aquifer. Hydrogeologic and water-quality data were collected near 2 of these sites from 12 monitoring wells installed in May through June 1987.\r\n\r\nNear the northernmost landfill site, differences in hydraulic head between the surficial, intermediate Yorktown, and Castle Hayne aquifers indicate a potential for migration of contaminants downward into the intermediate Yorktown and Castle Hayne aquifers. Movement would be impeded, however, by two confining units of silty sand to sandy clay that separate these aquifers. Geophysical and lithologic data show the upper confining unit to be approximately 26 feet thick near this landfill.\r\n\r\nNear the southernmost landfill, these confining units are thin and discontinuous in an area that coincides with the location of a buried paleochannel. Static water-level data collected in this area indicate that both the Castle Hayne and Yorktown aquifers discharge into the surficial aquifer, minimizing the potential for downward contaminant movement. Ground water in the surficial aquifer at both landfills moves laterally away from nearby drinking-water supply wells and toward Slocum Creek, a tributary of the Neuse River.\r\n\r\nConcentrations of organic compounds and trace inorganic constituents included on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency?s list of priority pollutants were determined for water samples from the surficial and Yorktown aquifers. High concentrations of two purgeable organic compounds, trichloroethylene and 1,2-dichloroethene (4,600 and 4,800 micrograms per liter, respectively), were detected in water samples collected from the surficial aquifer near the southernmost landfill; much smaller concentrations of trichloroethylene and 1,2-dichloroethene were detected in samples from wells in the Yorktown aquifer (up to 16 and 12 micrograms per liter, respectively). These compounds may have migrated into the Yorktown aquifer from the surficial aquifer during periods of pumping from nearby drinking-water supply wells if the pumping were sufficient to reverse the hydraulic head between these aquifers. Only trace amounts of organic compounds were detected in the surficial and Yorktown aquifers near the northernmost landfill. Trace metals were detected in most of the wells sampled near both landfills, but none exceeded U.S. Environmental Protection Agency drinking-water standards except for iron and manganese. Highest concentrations of priority pollutant metals detected were for zinc (60 micrograms per liter) and chromium (36 micrograms per liter).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri894200","usgsCitation":"Murray, L.C., and Keoughan, K.M., 1990, Hydrogeologic, water-level, and water-quality data from monitoring wells at the U.S. Marine Corps Air Station, Cherry Point, North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4200, v, 86 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894200.","productDescription":"v, 86 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":57678,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4200/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124220,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4200/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":394275,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47276.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","city":"Cherry Point","otherGeospatial":"US Marine Corps Air Station","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.9139,\n 34.8864\n ],\n [\n -76.8944,\n 34.8864\n ],\n [\n -76.8944,\n 34.9222\n ],\n [\n -76.9139,\n 34.9222\n ],\n [\n -76.9139,\n 34.8864\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4de4b07f02db627887","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murray, L. C. Jr.","contributorId":25183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"L.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keoughan, K. M.","contributorId":94705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keoughan","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":30221,"text":"wri894144 - 1990 - Hydrogeology of a hazardous-waste disposal site near Brentwood, Williamson County, Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:50","indexId":"wri894144","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4144","title":"Hydrogeology of a hazardous-waste disposal site near Brentwood, Williamson County, Tennessee","docAbstract":"Approximately 44,000 gal of industrial solvent wastes were disposed in pits on a farm near Brentwood, Tennessee, in 1978, and contaminants were reported in the soil and shallow groundwater on the site in 1985. In order for the State to evaluate possible remedial-action alternatives, an 18-month study was conducted to define the hydrogeologic setting of the site and surrounding area. The area is underlain by four hydrogeologic units: (1) an upper aquifer consisting of saturated regolith, Bigby-Cannon Limestone, and weathered Hermitage Formation; (2) the Hermitage confining unit; (3) a lower aquifer consisting of the Carters Limestone; and (4) the Lebanon confining unit. Wells generally are low yielding less than 1 gal/min ), although locally the aquifers may yield as much as 80 gal/minute. This lower aquifer is anisotropic, and transmissivity of this aquifer is greatest in a northwest-southeast direction. Recharge to the groundwater system is primarily from precipitation, and estimates of average annual recharge rates range from 6 to 15 inches/year. Discharge from the groundwater system is primarily to the Little Harpeth River and its tributaries. Groundwater flow at the disposal site is mainly to a small topographic depression that drains the site. Geochemical data indicate four distinct water types. These types represent (1) shallow, rapidly circulating groundwater; (2) deeper (> than 100 ft), rapidly circulating groundwater; (3) shallow, slow moving groundwater; and (4) deeper, slow moving groundwater. Results of the numerical model indicate that most flow is in the upper aquifer. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nOpen-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri894144","usgsCitation":"Tucci, P., Hanchar, D., and Lee, R.W., 1990, Hydrogeology of a hazardous-waste disposal site near Brentwood, Williamson County, Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4144, v, 68 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894144.","productDescription":"v, 68 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2415,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri89-4144","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":122688,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_89_4144.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db6248c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tucci, Patrick ptucci@usgs.gov","contributorId":926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tucci","given":"Patrick","email":"ptucci@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":202882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hanchar, D. W.","contributorId":87986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanchar","given":"D. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, R. W.","contributorId":86757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":18776,"text":"ofr90159 - 1990 - Water-resources programs and hydrologic-information needs, Marion County, Indiana, 1987","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-13T14:25:47","indexId":"ofr90159","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-159","title":"Water-resources programs and hydrologic-information needs, Marion County, Indiana, 1987","docAbstract":"Water resources are abundant in Marion County, Indiana, and have been developed for public and industrial supply, energy generation, irrigation, and recreation. The largest water withdrawals are from surface water, and the two largest water uses are public supply and cooling water for electrical-generating plants. Water-resources programs in the county are carried out by Federal, State and local agencies to address issues of surface and groundwater availability and quality. The programs of each agency are related to the functions and goals of the agency. Although each agency has specific information needs to fulfill its functions, sometimes these needs overlap, and there are times when the same hydrologic information benefits all. Overlapping information needs and activities create opportunities for interagency coordination and cooperation. Such cooperation could lead to a savings of dollars spent on water-resources programs and could assure an improved understanding of the water resources of the county. Representatives from four agencies-- the Indiana Department of Environmental Management, the Indiana Department of Natural Resources, the Indianapolis Department of Public Works, and the U.S. Geological Survey--met four times in 1987 to describe their own water-resources programs, to identify hydrologic-information needs, and to contact other agencies with related programs. This report presents the interagency findings and is intended to further communication among water resource agencies by identifying current programs and common needs for hydrologic information. Hydrologic information needs identified by the agency representatives include more precise methods for determining the volume of water withdrawals and for determining the volume of industrial and municipal discharges to surface water. Maps of flood-prone areas need to be updated as more of the county is developed. Improved aquifer maps of the inter-till aquifers are needed, and additional observation wells are needed in the inter-till and bedrock aquifers. Finally, immediate access to instantaneous precipitation data is needed to assess flooding potential. (USGS)
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Indianapolis, IN","doi":"10.3133/ofr90159","collaboration":"Indiana Department of Environmental Management, the Indiana Department of Natural Resources, and the Indianapolis Department of Public Works","usgsCitation":"Duwelius, R., 1990, Water-resources programs and hydrologic-information needs, Marion County, Indiana, 1987: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 90-159, iv, 24 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr90159.","productDescription":"iv, 24 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":48137,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0159/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":152460,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0159/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","county":"Marion","city":"Indianapolis","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-85.9369,39.9272],[-85.9379,39.87],[-85.9541,39.8696],[-85.9518,39.6969],[-85.9523,39.638],[-86.248,39.6335],[-86.3268,39.6318],[-86.3281,39.8526],[-86.328,39.8662],[-86.325,39.8662],[-86.3267,39.9238],[-86.2967,39.9246],[-86.2757,39.925],[-86.2385,39.9259],[-85.9801,39.9269],[-85.9411,39.9272],[-85.9369,39.9272]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Marion\",\"state\":\"IN\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e480ae4b07f02db4d2bd5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duwelius, R.F.","contributorId":28250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duwelius","given":"R.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29775,"text":"wri894169 - 1990 - Geohydrology and simulation of ground-water flow in the carbonate rocks of the Valley Creek basin, eastern Chester County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-12T13:31:25","indexId":"wri894169","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4169","title":"Geohydrology and simulation of ground-water flow in the carbonate rocks of the Valley Creek basin, eastern Chester County, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"Sixty-eight percent of the 22.6-square-mile Valley Creek basin is underlain by Cambrian and Ordovician limestone and dolomite. Ground water flows through a network of interconnected secondary openings; primary porosity is virtually nonexistent. Some of these openings have been enlarged by solution. Secondary porosity and permeability exhibit great spatial variability, and the yield and specific capacity of wells are highly variable. The number of water-bearing zones decreases with depth. Fifty percent of water-bearing zones are encountered within 100 feet of the land surface, and 81 percent are within 200 feet.\r\n\r\n Most ground-water flow in the Valley Creek basin is local and discharges to nearby streams. Ground-water discharge comprised an average of 76 percent of the flow of Valley Creek during 1983--87, including both natural ground- water discharge and quarry pumpage discharged to Valley Creek. Discharge from the Cedar Hollow quarry comprised 21 to 26 percent of the base flow of Valley Creek; the average was 23 percent. The average natural base flow of Valley Creek would be 8 percent lower if the quarry were not operating.\r\n\r\n Regional ground-water flow is to the northeast to the Schuylkill River. On the western side of the Valley Creek basin, the ground-water divide is 1/2 mile west of the surface-water divide. An estimated 0.75 million gallons per day of ground water flows from the adjacent West Valley Creek basn eastward into the Valley Creek basin. A ground-water divide is not present on the eastern side of the basin; the water table slopes gently eastward toward the Schuylkill River. On the northeaster side, an estimated 1.76 million gallons per day of ground water flows northeastward out of the basin to the Schuylkill River beneath the surface-water divide. On the southeaster side, an estimated 0.85 million gallons per day of ground water flows beneath the surface-water divide into the basin.\r\n\r\n Annual water budgets and an average water budget were calculated for 1983-87 for the 20.8-square-mile area bove the streamflow-gaging station. Annual precipitation for 1983-87 ranged from 40.61 to 56.55 inches and averaged 47.25 inches; annual streamflow ranged from 15.55 to 28.57 inches and averaged 22.31 inches; annual evapotranspiration ranged from 18.21 to 24.83 inches and averaged 22.90 inches; and annual recharge ranged from 15.89 to 26.84 inches and averaged 21.04 inches.\r\n\r\n The Valley Creek basin was modeled as a two-dimensional water-table aquifer. Recharge to, ground-water flow through, and discharge from the rocks of Chester valley were simulated. In order to include the natural hydrologic boundaries of the ground-water-flwo system, the 66.4-square-mile area between the Brandywine Creek and the Schuylkill River was modeled. The model was calibrated under stead-state conditions using avareage recharge and evapotranspiration rates. Aquifer hydraulic conductivity was estimated from specific-capacity and quifer-test data. The average (1983-87) annual water budget for hte Valley Creek basin was simualted.\r\n\r\n The effect of increased ground-water development on base flow and underflow was simulated by locating a hypothetical well field produceing 4 million gallons per day in different parts of the basin. Pumpage from a well field near surface-water divides would induce as much as an additional 1.41 inches per year of underflow from an adjacent surface-water basin. Pumpage from a well field near the center of the basin would affect base flow more than underflow.\r\n\r\n Increased seepage of ground water into quarries as a result of their expansion was simulated as increased withdrawal by pumping. A 100-percent increase in the pumping rate of the Cedar Hollow quarry, from 3.93 to 7.86 million gallons per day, owuld reduce the natural base flow of Valley Creek by 18 percent. However, the quarry pumpage would be discharged to Valley Creek, thereby increasing the base flow at the gaging station by ","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri894169","usgsCitation":"Sloto, R., 1990, Geohydrology and simulation of ground-water flow in the carbonate rocks of the Valley Creek basin, eastern Chester County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4169, viii, 60 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894169.","productDescription":"viii, 60 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science 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R. A.","contributorId":36155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sloto","given":"R. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":18691,"text":"ofr90460 - 1990 - Temperatures and natural gamma-ray logs obtained in boreholes MLGRAP #1 and #2, Mammoth Lakes, California; data and preliminary interpretations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:30","indexId":"ofr90460","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-460","title":"Temperatures and natural gamma-ray logs obtained in boreholes MLGRAP #1 and #2, Mammoth Lakes, California; data and preliminary interpretations","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr90460","usgsCitation":"Diment, W., and Urban, T.C., 1990, Temperatures and natural gamma-ray logs obtained in boreholes MLGRAP #1 and #2, Mammoth Lakes, California; data and preliminary interpretations: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 90-460, ii, 132 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr90460.","productDescription":"ii, 132 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":152000,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0460/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":48049,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0460/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db6856c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Diment, W.H.","contributorId":54992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diment","given":"W.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Urban, T. C.","contributorId":49788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Urban","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":4006,"text":"cir1055 - 1990 - Coal resources available for development; a methodology and pilot study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:34","indexId":"cir1055","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1055","title":"Coal resources available for development; a methodology and pilot study","docAbstract":"Coal accounts for a major portion of our Nation's energy supply in projections for the future. A demonstrated reserve base of more than 475 billion short tons, as the Department of Energy currently estimates, indicates that, on the basis of today's rate of consumption, the United States has enough coal to meet projected energy needs for almost 200 years. However, the traditional procedures used for estimating the demonstrated reserve base do not account for many environmental and technological restrictions placed on coal mining. A new methodology has been developed to determine the quantity of coal that might actually be available for mining under current and foreseeable conditions. This methodology is unique in its approach, because it applies restrictions to the coal resource before it is mined. Previous methodologies incorporated restrictions into the recovery factor (a percentage), which was then globally applied to the reserve (minable coal) tonnage to derive a recoverable coal tonnage. None of the previous methodologies define the restrictions and their area and amount of impact specifically. Because these restrictions and their impacts are defined in this new methodology, it is possible to achieve more accurate and specific assessments of available resources. \r\n\r\nThis methodology has been tested in a cooperative project between the U.S. Geological Survey and the Kentucky Geological Survey on the Matewan 7.5-minute quadrangle in eastern Kentucky. Pertinent geologic, mining, land-use, and technological data were collected, assimilated, and plotted. The National Coal Resources Data System was used as the repository for data, and its geographic information system software was applied to these data to eliminate restricted coal and quantify that which is available for mining. This methodology does not consider recovery factors or the economic factors that would be considered by a company before mining. \r\n\r\nResults of the pilot study indicate that, of the estimated original 986.5 million short tons of coal resources in Kentucky's Matewan quadrangle, 13 percent has been mined, 2 percent is restricted by land-use considerations, and 23 percent is restricted by technological considerations. This leaves an estimated 62 percent of the original resource, or approximately 612 million short tons available for mining. However, only 44 percent of this available coal (266 million short tons) will meet current Environmental Protection Agency new-source performance standards for sulfur emissions from electric generating plants in the United States. In addition, coal tonnage lost during mining and cleaning would further reduce the amount of coal actually arriving at the market.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O. ;\r\nFree on application to the Books and Open-File Reports Section, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir1055","usgsCitation":"Eggleston, J., Carter, M.D., and Cobb, J.C., 1990, Coal resources available for development; a methodology and pilot study: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1055, iii, 15 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1055.","productDescription":"iii, 15 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":50,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/c1055/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":124740,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1990/1055/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31091,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1990/1055/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6aeefa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eggleston, Jane R.","contributorId":48956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eggleston","given":"Jane R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carter, M. Devereux","contributorId":69960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Devereux","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cobb, James C.","contributorId":92654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cobb","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":29633,"text":"wri904101 - 1990 - Computerized stratified random site-selection approaches for design of a ground-water-quality sampling network","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:56","indexId":"wri904101","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-4101","title":"Computerized stratified random site-selection approaches for design of a ground-water-quality sampling network","docAbstract":"Computer software was written to randomly select sites for a ground-water-quality sampling network. The software uses digital cartographic techniques and subroutines from a proprietary geographic information system. The report presents the approaches, computer software, and sample applications.\r\nIt is often desirable to collect ground-water-quality samples from various areas in a study region that have different values of a spatial characteristic, such as land-use or hydrogeologic setting. A stratified network can be used for testing hypotheses about relations between spatial characteristics and water quality, or for calculating statistical descriptions of water-quality data that account for variations that correspond to the spatial characteristic.\r\n\r\nIn the software described, a study region is subdivided into areal subsets that have a common spatial characteristic to stratify the population into several categories from which sampling sites are selected. Different numbers of sites may be selected from each category of areal subsets.\r\n\r\nA population of potential sampling sites may be defined by either specifying a fixed population of existing sites, or by preparing an equally spaced population of potential sites. In either case, each site is identified with a single category, depending on the value of the spatial characteristic of the areal subset in which the site is located. Sites are selected from one category at a time. One of two approaches may be used to select sites. Sites may be selected randomly, or the areal subsets in the category can be grouped into cells and sites selected randomly from each cell.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri904101","usgsCitation":"Scott, J.C., 1990, Computerized stratified random site-selection approaches for design of a ground-water-quality sampling network: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4101, vi, 109 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri904101.","productDescription":"vi, 109 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123749,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4101/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58453,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4101/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a6306","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scott, J. C.","contributorId":75901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":20268,"text":"ofr90391 - 1990 - Records of wells and chemical analyses of ground water in Deuel and Hamlin counties, South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:40","indexId":"ofr90391","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-391","title":"Records of wells and chemical analyses of ground water in Deuel and Hamlin counties, South Dakota","docAbstract":"Well and chemical groundwater data contained in three tables were collected during a 5-year study started in 1971 to determine the geology and water resources of Deuel and Hamlin Counties, South Dakota. Physical, hydrologic, and geologic data for 3,228 wells and test holes have been entered into computer storage in the Ground-Water Site Inventory File of the U.S. Geological Survey 's National Water Data Storage and Retrieval System (WATSTORE). The well tables in the report are computer printouts from WATSTORE. Water quality data from 564 chemical analyses have been stored in the Water-Quality File of WATSTORE and is computer printed in the chemical analyses table by aquifer. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr90391","usgsCitation":"Neitzert, K., and Hansen, D.S., 1990, Records of wells and chemical analyses of ground water in Deuel and Hamlin counties, South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 90-391, iv, 113 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr90391.","productDescription":"iv, 113 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":152284,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0391/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":49803,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0391/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db635736","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neitzert, K.M.","contributorId":62613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neitzert","given":"K.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hansen, D. S.","contributorId":70003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":18827,"text":"ofr90124 - 1990 - Solid-precipitation (snowfall) measurement intercomparison, Bismarck, North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-05T16:17:58","indexId":"ofr90124","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-124","title":"Solid-precipitation (snowfall) measurement intercomparison, Bismarck, North Dakota","docAbstract":"Difficulties involved in obtaining accurate measurements of solid precipitation (snowfall) have been recognized for many years. Many studies have been conducted to evaluate the accuracy and performance of precipitation gages. These studies show that the type of collection method used can significantly affect the quantity of precipitation measured. Although the types of collection methods evaluated differed for each study and the magnitude of measurement error differed for each study, all of the studies concluded that wind is the major cause of measurement error.
Measurement error caused by wind is the result of turbulence and wind speed in the vicinity of the gage orifice (opening). As air rises to pass over the gage, precipitation particles that would have entered the gage orifice are deflected and carried farther downwind. Measurement errors increase as wind speed increases. Studies have shown that measurement errors as great as 80 percent can be attributed to wind. Wind speed and turbulence can be reduced by shielding the gage from the wind. Several types of windshields have been built to decrease wind-related errors.
The World Meteorological Organization recognized the need for an international comparison of current methods used for measuring solid precipitation and proposed the Solid Precipitation Measurement Intercomparison. The objectives of the Intercomparison are to:
Statistical summaries of streamflow data collected at 144 active and discontinued stream-gaging stations in Iowa through water year 1988 are presented in the report. The summaries for each streamgaging station include: 1) station description, 2) the most recent stage-discharge rating table, 3) statistics of monthly and annual mean discharges, 4) boxplots of monthly and annual mean discharges, 5) monthly and annual flow durations, 6) probabilities of annual high discharges, 7) probabilities of annual low discharges, and 8) probabilities of seasonal low discharges. The minimum period of record at stations included in the report is 10 years. The location of each station is shown on a map of Iowa.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr90170","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Iowa Department of Natural Resources, and Iowa Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Fischer, E., Melcher, N., and Kluesner, S., 1990, Statistical summaries of selected Iowa streamflow data through September 30, 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 90-170, x, 641 p.: ill.; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr90170.","productDescription":"x, 641 p.: ill.; 28 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dce4b07f02db5e1bab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fischer, E.E.","contributorId":102480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"E.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Melcher, N.B.","contributorId":71554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melcher","given":"N.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kluesner, S.P.","contributorId":75954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kluesner","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":29108,"text":"wri904017 - 1990 - Trends and comparison of water quality and bottom material of northeastern Arkansas streams, 1974-85, and effects of planned diversions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:45","indexId":"wri904017","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-4017","title":"Trends and comparison of water quality and bottom material of northeastern Arkansas streams, 1974-85, and effects of planned diversions","docAbstract":"Water quality of several rivers in Arkansas was compared using median values at individual water quality stations. Differences were detected in several properties, including common dissolved constituents, alkalinity, nutrients, fecal coliform bacteria, trace metals, pesticides, and sediment. In bottom material, organochlorine pesticides were detected much more frequently than organophosphorus pesticides and were higher in rivers with beds of fine-gradient particles. Time trends were examined using the Seasonal Kendall test. Trends in conductance, sodium adsorption ratio, chloride, phosphorus, and ammonia were usually not detectable. Sulfate concentrations were increasing at approximately one-half of the stations studied while fecal-coliform bacteria concentrations decreased at approximately one-half of the stations. The most potentially detrimental effects upon water quality resulting from surface water diversions were related to increases of common dissolved constituents. From available data, the largest of these increases would be caused by diversion from the Arkansas River. Potential effects not specifically examined include resuspension of bottom materials resulting from construction and operation of the diversion system. Use of some surface waters for artificial recharge of the alluvial aquifer may adversely affect the recharge systems or the aquifer. Possible effects include plugging of the injection well and the aquifer. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri904017","usgsCitation":"Petersen, J.C., 1990, Trends and comparison of water quality and bottom material of northeastern Arkansas streams, 1974-85, and effects of planned diversions: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4017, ix, 215 p. :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri904017.","productDescription":"ix, 215 p. :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158954,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4017/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57978,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4017/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ce4b07f02db626777","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petersen, J. C.","contributorId":8106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29054,"text":"wri894206 - 1990 - Streamflow characteristics of small tributaries of Rock Creek, Milk River basin, Montana, base period water years 1983-87","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:52","indexId":"wri894206","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4206","title":"Streamflow characteristics of small tributaries of Rock Creek, Milk River basin, Montana, base period water years 1983-87","docAbstract":"Five streamflow-gaging stations were installed in the Rock Creek basin north of the Milk River near Hinsdale, Montana. Streamflow was monitored at these stations and at an existing gaging station upstream on Rock Creek from May 1983 through September 1987. The data collected were used to describe the flow characteristics of four small tributary streams. Annual mean streamflow ranges from 2.8 to 57 cu ft/sec in the mainstem and from 0 to 0.60 cu ft/sec in the tributaries. Monthly mean streamflow ranged from 0 to 528 cu ft/sec in Rock Creek and from zero to 5.3 cu ft/sec in the four tributaries. The six gaged sites show similar patterns of daily mean streamflow during periods of large runoff, but substantial individual variations during periods of lesser runoff. During periods of lesser runoff , the small tributaries may have small daily mean streamflows. At other times, daily mean streamflow at the two mainstem sites decreased downstream. Daily mean streamflow in the tributaries appears to be closely related to daily mean streamflow in the mainstem only during periods of substantial area-wide runoff. Thus, streamflow in the tributaries resulting from local storms or local snowmelt may not contribute to streamflow in the mainstem. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri894206","usgsCitation":"Parrett, C., and Hull, J.A., 1990, Streamflow characteristics of small tributaries of Rock Creek, Milk River basin, Montana, base period water years 1983-87: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4206, iii, 10 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894206.","productDescription":"iii, 10 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159587,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4206/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57918,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4206/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4e52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parrett, Charles","contributorId":9635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parrett","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hull, J. A.","contributorId":39345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hull","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":26716,"text":"wri904136 - 1990 - Long-term effects of surface coal mining on ground-water levels and quality in two small watersheds in eastern Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-08T22:34:40.636752","indexId":"wri904136","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-4136","title":"Long-term effects of surface coal mining on ground-water levels and quality in two small watersheds in eastern Ohio","docAbstract":"Two small watersheds in eastern Ohio that were surface mined for coal and reclaimed were studied during 1986-89. Water-level and water-quality data were compared with similar data collected during previous investigations conducted during 1976-83 to determine long-term effects of surface mining on the hydrologic system. Before mining, the watersheds were characterized by sequences of flat-lying sedimentary rocks containing two major coal seams and underclays. An aquifer was present above each of the underclays. Surface mining removed the upper aquifer, stripped the coal seam, and replaced the sediment. This created a new upper aquifer with different hydraulic and chemical characteristics. Mining did not disturb the middle aquifer. A third, deeper aquifer in each watershed was not studied.
Water levels were continuously recorded in one well in each aquifer. Other wells were measured every 2 months. Water levels in the upper aquifers reached hydraulic equilibrium from 2 to 5 years after mining ceased. Water levels in the middle aquifers increased more than 5 feet during mining and reached equilibrium almost immediately thereafter.
Water samples were collected from three upper-aquifer well, a seep from the upper aquifer, and the stream in each watershed. Two samples were collected in 1986 and 1987, and one each in 1988 and 1989. In both watersheds, sulfate replaced bicarbonate as the dominant upper-aquifer and surface-water anion after mining.
For the upper aquifer of a watershed located in Muskingum County, water-quality data were grouped into premining and late postmining time periods (1986-89). The premining median pH and concentration of dissolved solids and sulfate were 7.6, 378 mg/L (milligrams per liter), and 41 mg/L, respectively. The premining median concentrations of iron and manganese were 10 μg/L (micrograms per liter) and 25 μg/L, respectively. The postmining median values of pH, dissolved solids, and sulfate were 6.7, 1,150 mg/L, and 560 mg/L, respectively. The postmining median concentrations of iron and manganese were 3,900 μg/L and 1,900 μg/L, respectively.
For the upper aquifer of a watershed located in Jefferson County, the water-quality data were grouped into three time periods of premining, early postmining, and late postmining. The premining median pH and concentrations of dissolved solids and sulfate were 7.0, 335 mg/L, and 85 mg/L, respectively. The premining median concentrations of iron and manganese were 30 μg/L for each constituent. Late postmining median pH and concentrations of dissolved solids and sulfate were 6.7, 1,495 mg/L, and 825 mg/L, respectively. The postmining median concentrations of iron and manganese were 31 μg/L and 1,015 μg/L, respectively. Chemistry of water in the middle aquifer in each watershed underwent similar changes.
In general, statistically significant increases in concentrations of dissolved constituents occurred because of surface mining. In some constituents, concentrations increased by more than an order of magnitude. The continued decrease in pH indicated that ground water had no reached geochemical equilibrium in either watershed more than 8 years after mining.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri904136","usgsCitation":"Cunningham, W.L., and Jones, R., 1990, Long-term effects of surface coal mining on ground-water levels and quality in two small watersheds in eastern Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4136, vi, 74 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri904136.","productDescription":"vi, 74 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124827,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4136/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55590,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4136/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":465924,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47392.htm","text":"Jefferson County site","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":465925,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47393.htm","text":"Muskingum County site","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","county":"Jefferson County, Muskingum 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W. L.","contributorId":22801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunningham","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, R.L.","contributorId":39785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":54495,"text":"wdrFL904 - 1990 - Water resources data, Florida, water year 1990: Volume 4: Northwest Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-21T16:16:25.974161","indexId":"wdrFL904","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"FL-90-4","title":"Water resources data, Florida, water year 1990: Volume 4: Northwest Florida","docAbstract":"Water resources data for the 1990 water year in Florida consists of continuous or daily discharge for 349 streams, periodic discharge for 40 streams, miscellaneous discharge for 75 streams, continuous or daily stage for 105 streams, periodic stage for 25 streams, peak discharge for 41 streams, continuous daily tide stage for 12 sites, and peak stage for 40 streams; continuous or daily elevations for 70 lakes, periodic elevations for 70 lakes; continuous ground-water levels for 441 wells, periodic ground-water levels for 1229 wells, and miscellaneous water-level measurements for 1908 wells; quality-of-water data for 145 surface-water sites and 799 wells.
The data for northwest Florida include continuous or daily discharge for 50 streams, periodic discharge for 0 streams, miscellaneous discharge for 53 streams, continuous or daily stage for 11 streams, peak discharge and stage for 7 streams; continuous or daily elevations for 6 lakes, and periodic elevations for 3 lakes; continuous ground-water levels for 0 wells, and periodic ground-water levels for 20 wells, and miscellaneous water-level measurements for 140 wells; quality of water for 14 surface-water sites and 0 wells.
These data represent the National Water Data System records collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating local, State, and Federal agencies in Florida.
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