European bird cherry (Prunus padus) (EBC) is an invasive ornamental tree that is spreading rapidly in riparian forests of urban Alaska. To determine how the spread of EBC affects leaf litter processing by aquatic invertebrate shredders, we conducted complementary leaf pack experiments in two streams located in Anchorage, Alaska. The first experiment contrasted invasive EBC with three native tree species—thin-leaf alder (Alnus tenuifolia), paper birch (Betula neoalaskana), and black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa)—in one reach of Chester Creek; finding that EBC leaf litter broke down significantly faster than birch and cottonwood, but at a similar rate to alder. The second experiment contrasted EBC with alder in four reaches of Campbell and Chester creeks; finding that while EBC leaf litter broke down significantly faster than alder in Chester Creek, EBC broke down at a similar rate to alder in Campbell Creek. Although EBC sometimes supported fewer shredders by both count and mass, shredder communities did not differ significantly between EBC and native plants. Collectively, these data suggest that invasive EBC is not currently exhibiting strong negative impacts on leaf litter processing in these streams, but could if it continues to spread and further displaces native species over time.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer International","doi":"10.1007/s10750-014-1881-x","usgsCitation":"Roon, D.A., Wipfli, M.S., and Wurtz, T.L., 2014, Effects of invasive European bird cherry (Prunus padus) on leaf litter processing by aquatic invertebrate shredder communities in urban Alaskan streams: Hydrobiologia, v. 736, no. 1, p. 17-30, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-014-1881-x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"17","endPage":"30","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062586","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323273,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","city":"Anchorage","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -150.0835418701172,\n 61.154831769470505\n ],\n [\n -150.07667541503906,\n 61.16377474461121\n ],\n [\n -150.06019592285156,\n 61.175694768933376\n ],\n [\n -150.04028320312497,\n 61.18132210337815\n ],\n [\n -150.0354766845703,\n 61.18926486567396\n ],\n [\n -150.03135681152344,\n 61.201836812828375\n ],\n [\n -150.02174377441406,\n 61.20712876349538\n ],\n [\n -149.99908447265625,\n 61.20481364449687\n ],\n [\n -149.97573852539062,\n 61.20216758579754\n ],\n [\n -149.95994567871094,\n 61.20547512443539\n ],\n [\n -149.9407196044922,\n 61.208782315720306\n ],\n [\n -149.92355346679688,\n 61.218371206400704\n ],\n [\n -149.90501403808594,\n 61.228948662118604\n ],\n [\n -149.89643096923828,\n 61.23869660480399\n ],\n [\n -149.88887786865234,\n 61.250423175327235\n ],\n [\n -149.88269805908203,\n 61.26214537270074\n ],\n [\n -149.86278533935547,\n 61.275183242402505\n ],\n [\n -149.77592468261716,\n 61.27501823989496\n ],\n [\n -149.6179962158203,\n 61.27452322717013\n ],\n [\n -149.62142944335938,\n 61.18529373473197\n ],\n [\n -149.63584899902344,\n 61.100456994447\n ],\n [\n -149.63722229003906,\n 61.06991307984488\n ],\n [\n -149.8150634765625,\n 61.05828537037916\n ],\n [\n -149.84527587890625,\n 61.07987629108908\n ],\n [\n -149.87960815429688,\n 61.09083220273438\n ],\n [\n -149.90089416503906,\n 61.09348761017874\n ],\n [\n -149.92835998535156,\n 61.10709307581831\n ],\n [\n -149.96337890625,\n 61.118371218624674\n ],\n [\n -149.9688720703125,\n 61.124671957838814\n ],\n [\n -150.0093841552734,\n 61.134286453749446\n ],\n [\n -150.03067016601562,\n 61.138264009981235\n ],\n [\n -150.0835418701172,\n 61.154831769470505\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"736","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-04-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"575941d9e4b04f417c256814","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roon, David A.","contributorId":42922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roon","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wipfli, Mark S. 0000-0002-4856-6068 mwipfli@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4856-6068","contributorId":1425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wipfli","given":"Mark","email":"mwipfli@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":637089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wurtz, Tricia L.","contributorId":171557,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wurtz","given":"Tricia","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70055595,"text":"pp1708C.2 - 2014 - Geographic information system (GIS)-based maps of Appalachian basin oil and gas fields","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70055595,"text":"pp1708C.2 - 2014 - Geographic information system (GIS)-based maps of Appalachian basin oil and gas fields","indexId":"pp1708C.2","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"chapter":"C.2","title":"Geographic information system (GIS)-based maps of Appalachian basin oil and gas fields"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70143874,"text":"pp1708 - 2014 - Coal and petroleum resources in the Appalachian basin: distribution, geologic framework, and geochemical character","indexId":"pp1708","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"title":"Coal and petroleum resources in the Appalachian basin: distribution, geologic framework, and geochemical character"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70143874,"text":"pp1708 - 2014 - Coal and petroleum resources in the Appalachian basin: distribution, geologic framework, and geochemical character","indexId":"pp1708","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"title":"Coal and petroleum resources in the Appalachian basin: distribution, geologic framework, and geochemical character"},"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-03T15:16:08.242287","indexId":"pp1708C.2","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-24T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1708","chapter":"C.2","title":"Geographic information system (GIS)-based maps of Appalachian basin oil and gas fields","docAbstract":"One of the more recent maps of Appalachian basin oil and gas fields (and the adjoining Black Warrior basin) is the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) compilation by Mast and others (1998) (see Trippi and others, this volume, chap. I.1). This map is part of a larger oil and gas field map for the conterminous United States that was derived by Mast and others (1998) from the Well History Control System (WHCS) database of Petroleum Information, Inc. (now IHS Energy Group). Rather than constructing the map from the approximately 500,000 proprietary wells in the Appalachian and Black Warrior part of the WHCS database, Mast and others (1998) subdivided the region into a grid of 1-mi2 (square mile) cells and allocated an appropriate type of hydrocarbon production (oil production, gas production, oil and gas production, or explored but no production) to each cell. Each 1-mi2 cell contains from 0 to 5 or more exploratory and (or) development wells. For example, if the wells in the 1-mi2 cell consisted of three oil wells, one gas well, and one dry well, then the cell would be characterized on the map as an area of oil and gas production. The map by Mast and others (1998) accurately shows the distribution and types of hydrocarbon accumulation in the Appalachian and Black Warrior basins, but it does not show the names of individual fields. To determine the locality and name of individual oil and gas fields, one must refer to State oil and gas maps (for example, Harper and others, 1982), which are generally published at scales of 1:250,000 or 1:500,000 (see References Cited), and (or) published journal articles.
\nOther recent USGS Appalachian basin oil and gas field maps show the distribution of oil and gas production with a cell size as small as 0.25 mi2 , such as the maps converted by Trippi and others (this volume, chap. I.1) from proprietary well-location maps used in the USGS 2002 assessment of oil and gas resources of the Appalachian basin (Milici and others, 2003). Another set of Appalachian basin oil and gas cell maps (based on a cell size of 0.25 mi2 ) was created for the USGS 1995 National Assessment of United States Oil and Gas Resources (Gautier and others, 1995; Beeman and others, 1996).
\nBetween 1991 and 1994, R.T. Ryder (with R.E. Mattick, J.B. Roen, and J.R. San Filipo, USGS, Reston, Va.) compiled oil and gas fields on stable-base mylar greenline base maps (scale 1:500,000) for selected plays in the Appalachian basin. These map compilations included field names and field numbers where assigned by State agencies. The purpose of the maps was to provide supporting data for the USGS 1995 National Assessment of United States Oil and Gas Resources (Gautier and others, 1995). In particular, the greenline oil and gas field maps were linked, where possible, with production data from State records and (or) published literature in order to determine ultimate sizes for conventional fields and estimated ultimate recovery (EUR) values for wells in continuous accumulations (for definitions of the conventional and continuous terminology, see USGS National Oil and Gas Assessment Team, 1995; Schmoker, 1997; Schenk and Pollastro, 2002). This approach was used in the 1995 national oil and gas assessment because ultimate field size and EUR data were unavailable in the Appalachian region from Petroleum Information, Inc., and other commercial sources.
\nIn 2006 and 2007, the greenline Appalachian basin field maps were digitized under the supervision of Scott Kinney and converted to geographic information system (GIS) files for chapter I.1 (this volume). By converting these oil and gas field maps to a digital format and maintaining the field names where noted, they are now available for a variety of oil and gas and possibly carbon-dioxide sequestration projects. Having historical names assigned to known digitized conventional fields provides a convenient classification scheme into which cumulative production and ultimate field-size databases can be organized. Moreover, as exploratory and development drilling expands across the basin, many previously named fields that were originally treated as conventional fields have evolved into large, commonly unnamed continuous-type accumulations. These new digital maps will facilitate a comparison between EUR values from recently drilled, unnamed parts of continuous accumulations and EUR values from named fields discovered early during the exploration cycle of continuous accumulations.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Coal and petroleum resources in the Appalachian basin: distribution, geologic framework, and geochemical character","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1708C.2","usgsCitation":"Ryder, R., Kinney, S.A., Suitt, S.E., Merrill, M., and Trippi, M.H., 2014, Geographic information system (GIS)-based maps of Appalachian basin oil and gas fields: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1708, iii, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1708C.2.","productDescription":"iii, 12 p.","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-011737","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science 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lruppert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7453-1061","contributorId":660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppert","given":"Leslie","email":"lruppert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543187,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ryder, Robert T.","contributorId":77918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryder","given":"Robert T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":543188,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Ryder, Robert T.","contributorId":77918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryder","given":"Robert T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":542827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kinney, Scott A. 0000-0001-5008-5813 skinney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5008-5813","contributorId":1395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinney","given":"Scott","email":"skinney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Suitt, Stephen E. ssuitt@usgs.gov","contributorId":3952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suitt","given":"Stephen","email":"ssuitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Merrill, Matthew D. 0000-0003-3766-847X mmerrill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3766-847X","contributorId":2584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merrill","given":"Matthew D.","email":"mmerrill@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":542830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Trippi, Michael H. 0000-0002-1398-3427 mtrippi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1398-3427","contributorId":941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trippi","given":"Michael","email":"mtrippi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70157479,"text":"70157479 - 2014 - Late 20th Century benthic foraminiferal distribution in Central San Francisco Bay, California: Influence of the Trochammina hadai invasion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-12T11:50:09","indexId":"70157479","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-28T18:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2735,"text":"Micropaleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late 20th Century benthic foraminiferal distribution in Central San Francisco Bay, California: Influence of the Trochammina hadai invasion","docAbstract":"The distribution of foraminifera in most of San Francisco Bay is well documented, but this is not the case for the subembayment known as Central Bay. To resolve this, 55 grab samples obtained in 1998 were analyzed to characterize the foraminiferal fauna in the surface sediments of the area. Thirty-five species were identified, including the invasive Japanese species Trochammina hadai that was introduced into the bay in the early 1980s. A cluster analysis of the samples from Central Bay produced three groups (biofacies) and one outlier. The Shallow Subtidal Biofacies is characterized by a marsh to shallow-subtidal agglutinated fauna, dominated by T. hadai but also including T. inflata, T. macrescens, Haplophragmoides subinvolutum, and Miliammina fusca. The Intermediate Subtidal Biofacies, the Intermediate Subtidal Outlier, and the Deep Subtidal Biofacies are dominated by calcareous taxa, most notably Ammonia tepida, Elphidium excavatum, and Elphidiella hannai. Ammonia tepida is most abundant in the warmer, intermediate depths of eastern Central Bay, abundances of E. excavatum peak in the cooler estuarine water near Alcatraz Island, and E. hannai thrives in the cold water west of Angel Island in a transitional setting between the deep subtidal estuarine and the nearshore marine environments. The recovery of oceanic species as far east as Angel Island indicate that western Central Bay is the most marine-influenced region of San Francisco Bay.
\nSamples collected from 1965 onward were also compared with those from 1998 to investigate how the distribution of benthic foraminifera in Central Bay has changed over the latter half of the 20th Century, particularly in response to the invasion by Trochammina hadai. In 1998, T. hadai was recovered at 46 of 55 sites in Central Bay, comprising from 0.3 to 97% (mean = 23%) of the foraminiferal fauna. With the species’ affiliation for shallow environments, it is not unexpected that it dominated the fauna of the Shallow Subtidal Biofacies (68-97%, mean = 77%) and was also a significant component of the Intermediate Subtidal Biofacies (7-51%, averaging 28%). In the deeper waters west of Alcatraz Island, the abundance of T. hadai was significantly less (mean = 8%), most likely reflecting allochthonous specimens that were the result of post-mortem transport. A cluster analysis clearly distinguishes pre- and post-invasion biofacies, illustrating how dominant T. hadai has become in Central Bay.
","language":"English","publisher":"MicroPress","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","usgsCitation":"McGann, M., 2014, Late 20th Century benthic foraminiferal distribution in Central San Francisco Bay, California: Influence of the Trochammina hadai invasion: Micropaleontology, v. 60, no. 6, p. 519-542.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"519","endPage":"542","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-018614","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308657,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":308501,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.micropress.org/microaccess/micropaleontology/issue-313/article-1904","text":"Index Page","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"Index Page"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.18969726562499,\n 37.16031654673677\n ],\n [\n -121.56372070312499,\n 37.16031654673677\n ],\n [\n -121.56372070312499,\n 38.28993659801203\n ],\n [\n -123.18969726562499,\n 38.28993659801203\n ],\n [\n -123.18969726562499,\n 37.16031654673677\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"60","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"560a64d5e4b058f706e536d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGann, Mary L. 0000-0002-3057-2945 mmcgann@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3057-2945","contributorId":147188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGann","given":"Mary L.","email":"mmcgann@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":573273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70127402,"text":"70127402 - 2014 - Book review: Fowler's zoo and wild animal medicine (volume 8)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-28T15:05:55","indexId":"70127402","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-23T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2528,"text":"Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Book review: Fowler's zoo and wild animal medicine (volume 8)","docAbstract":"In the eighth volume of Fowler's Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine, the editors have returned to the original, comprehensive, taxa-based format last used in the fifth volume that was released in 2003. The book consists of 82 chapters, divided into taxonomic classes that include amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals, and a general topics section. The editors deliberately selected new senior authors who are expert veterinary advisors for the various taxa. This international assemblage of authors is impressive, although the book would have benefited from a greater diversity of disciplinary expertise. Synthesis of the large and expanding body of knowledge about zoo and wild animal medicine is a Sisyphean task, but one that the editors have accomplished well. The chapters were well written and are beautifully illustrated with high-quality images and generally well referenced. Much of the information is summarized in tabular format, which I found both a blessing and a curse. Tabulation of hematologic variables and anesthetic doses is helpful; however, tabulation of information regarding infectious and parasitic diseases results in a loss of detail. For example, methods of diagnosis for some diseases are omitted from some tables. The need for succinctness results in trade-offs, and statements such as “Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis … is one of the most well described pathogens of anurans” with no further information leaves readers unsated. In addition, the book does not have any chapters on fish or invertebrates, which are notable omissions given the importance of these species. Those quibbles aside, this is a must-have book for all zoo and wild animal medicine students and practitioners. However, perhaps it is time to recognize that, during the 36 years since the first volume was published, this discipline has become too large to be contained in 1 book. This is largely because of the success of this book series, and it is a nice problem to have.
\nReview info: Fowler's Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine (Volume 8). By R. Eric Miller & Murray E. Fowler, 2015. ISBN 978-1455773978, 773 pp.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association","doi":"10.2460/javma.245.12.1348","usgsCitation":"Sleeman, J.M., 2014, Book review: Fowler's zoo and wild animal medicine (volume 8): Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, v. 245, no. 12, p. 1353-1353, https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.245.12.1348.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"1353","endPage":"1353","numberOfPages":"1","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059946","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297477,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"245","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a5ae4b08de9379b3004","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sleeman, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-9910-6125 jsleeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9910-6125","contributorId":128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sleeman","given":"Jonathan","email":"jsleeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":82110,"text":"Midcontinent Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70138206,"text":"70138206 - 2014 - Ice sheet load cycling and fluid underpressures in the Eastern Michigan Basin, Ontario, Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-02T14:42:41","indexId":"70138206","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-15T13:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ice sheet load cycling and fluid underpressures in the Eastern Michigan Basin, Ontario, Canada","docAbstract":"Strong fluid underpressures have been detected in Paleozoic strata in the eastern Michigan Basin, with hydraulic heads reaching ~400 m below land surface (~4 MPa underpressure) and ~200 m below sea level in strata where unusually low permeabilities (~10−20–10−23 m2) were measured in situ. Multiple glaciations, including three with as much as 3 km of ice cover at the site in the last 120 ka, suggest a causal link with the underpressures. We examined this possibility using a one-dimensional groundwater flow model incorporating mechanical loading from both ice weight and lithospheric flexure. Because hydrologic and mechanical changes during glaciation are not well characterized and subsurface properties are imperfectly known, the model was used inversely to estimate flexural loads and loosely constrained permeabilities by matching observed pressures. Acceptable matches were obtained for a surprisingly wide range of scenarios with permeabilities close to measured values and plausible flexural loads. Matches were not obtained when too many parameters were preselected, or when permeabilities were constrained to be significantly larger than measured values. In successful model runs groundwater expulsion under glacial-mechanical loads caused the underpressuring, and flexural loads were important if aquifer and sub-glacial pressures were significantly elevated during glaciation. Simulated fluid pressures in the low-permeability strata fluctuated by 30–40 MPa during glacial cycles but resulted in advective transport of only tens of meters or less. Although other mechanisms cannot be ruled out, we conclude that glacial-mechanical forcing of a water-saturated system can explain the observed underpressures.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, Inc.","doi":"10.1002/2014JB011643","usgsCitation":"Neuzil, C.E., and Provost, A.M., 2014, Ice sheet load cycling and fluid underpressures in the Eastern Michigan Basin, Ontario, Canada: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 119, no. 12, p. 8748-8769, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JB011643.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"8748","endPage":"8769","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060238","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472518,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014jb011643","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":297302,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","state":"Ontario","otherGeospatial":"Eastern Michigan Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.296875,\n 40.54720023441049\n ],\n [\n -89.296875,\n 47.7097615426664\n ],\n [\n -76.9921875,\n 47.7097615426664\n ],\n [\n -76.9921875,\n 40.54720023441049\n ],\n [\n -89.296875,\n 40.54720023441049\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"119","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-12-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a87e4b08de9379b30d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neuzil, Christopher E. 0000-0003-2022-4055 ceneuzil@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2022-4055","contributorId":2322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neuzil","given":"Christopher","email":"ceneuzil@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Provost, Alden M. 0000-0002-4443-1107 aprovost@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4443-1107","contributorId":2830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Provost","given":"Alden","email":"aprovost@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70135353,"text":"70135353 - 2014 - Optimization in the utility maximization framework for conservation planning: a comparison of solution procedures in a study of multifunctional agriculture","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-08T13:50:25","indexId":"70135353","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-08T13:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3840,"text":"PeerJ","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Optimization in the utility maximization framework for conservation planning: a comparison of solution procedures in a study of multifunctional agriculture","docAbstract":"Quantitative methods of spatial conservation prioritization have traditionally been applied to issues in conservation biology and reserve design, though their use in other types of natural resource management is growing. The utility maximization problem is one form of a covering problem where multiple criteria can represent the expected social benefits of conservation action. This approach allows flexibility with a problem formulation that is more general than typical reserve design problems, though the solution methods are very similar. However, few studies have addressed optimization in utility maximization problems for conservation planning, and the effect of solution procedure is largely unquantified. Therefore, this study mapped five criteria describing elements of multifunctional agriculture to determine a hypothetical conservation resource allocation plan for agricultural land conservation in the Central Valley of CA, USA. We compared solution procedures within the utility maximization framework to determine the difference between an open source integer programming approach and a greedy heuristic, and find gains from optimization of up to 12%. We also model land availability for conservation action as a stochastic process and determine the decline in total utility compared to the globally optimal set using both solution algorithms. Our results are comparable to other studies illustrating the benefits of optimization for different conservation planning problems, and highlight the importance of maximizing the effectiveness of limited funding for conservation and natural resource management.
","language":"English","publisher":"PeerJ Inc.","publisherLocation":"Corte Madera, CA","doi":"10.7717/peerj.690","usgsCitation":"Kreitler, J.R., Stoms, D.M., and Davis, F., 2014, Optimization in the utility maximization framework for conservation planning: a comparison of solution procedures in a study of multifunctional agriculture: PeerJ, v. 2, 19 p.; e690, https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.690.","productDescription":"19 p.; e690","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-043247","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472520,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.690","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":297088,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Central Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.8878173828125,\n 37.43125050179356\n ],\n [\n -121.8878173828125,\n 38.75408327579141\n ],\n [\n -120.86334228515624,\n 38.75408327579141\n ],\n [\n -120.86334228515624,\n 37.43125050179356\n ],\n [\n -121.8878173828125,\n 37.43125050179356\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-12-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a9fe4b08de9379b3146","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kreitler, Jason R. 0000-0002-0243-5281 jkreitler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0243-5281","contributorId":4050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kreitler","given":"Jason","email":"jkreitler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":527102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stoms, David M.","contributorId":127848,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stoms","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":7167,"text":"California Energy Commission, previously UCSB","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":527103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Davis, Frank W.","contributorId":127849,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davis","given":"Frank W.","affiliations":[{"id":7168,"text":"UCSB","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":527104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70137397,"text":"70137397 - 2014 - A data reconnaissance on the effect of suspended-sediment concentrations on dissolved-solids concentrations in rivers and tributaries in the Upper Colorado River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-10T13:26:46.541317","indexId":"70137397","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-08T09:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A data reconnaissance on the effect of suspended-sediment concentrations on dissolved-solids concentrations in rivers and tributaries in the Upper Colorado River Basin","docAbstract":"The Colorado River is one of the most important sources of water in the western United States, supplying water to over 35 million people in the U.S. and 3 million people in Mexico. High dissolved-solids loading to the River and tributaries are derived primarily from geologic material deposited in inland seas in the mid-to-late Cretaceous Period, but this loading may be increased by human activities. High dissolved solids in the River causes substantial damages to users, primarily in reduced agricultural crop yields and corrosion. The Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Program was created to manage dissolved-solids loading to the River and has focused primarily on reducing irrigation-related loading from agricultural areas. This work presents a reconnaissance of existing data from sites in the Upper Colorado River Basin (UCRB) in order to highlight areas where suspended-sediment control measures may be useful in reducing dissolved-solids concentrations. Multiple linear regression was used on data from 164 sites in the UCRB to develop dissolved-solids models that include combinations of explanatory variables of suspended sediment, flow, and time. Results from the partial t-test, overall likelihood ratio, and partial likelihood ratio on the models were used to group the sites into categories of strong, moderate, weak, and no-evidence of a relation between suspended-sediment and dissolved-solids concentrations. Results show 68 sites have strong or moderate evidence of a relation, with drainage areas for many of these sites composed of a large percentage of clastic sedimentary rocks. These results could assist water managers in the region in directing field-scale evaluation of suspended-sediment control measures to reduce UCRB dissolved-solids loading.
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Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anning, David W. dwanning@usgs.gov","contributorId":432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anning","given":"David","email":"dwanning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70173639,"text":"70173639 - 2014 - Re-evaluating neonatal-age models for ungulates: Does model choice affect survival estimates?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-08T11:13:20","indexId":"70173639","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Re-evaluating neonatal-age models for ungulates: Does model choice affect survival estimates?","docAbstract":"New-hoof growth is regarded as the most reliable metric for predicting age of newborn ungulates, but variation in estimated age among hoof-growth equations that have been developed may affect estimates of survival in staggered-entry models. We used known-age newborns to evaluate variation in age estimates among existing hoof-growth equations and to determine the consequences of that variation on survival estimates. During 2001–2009, we captured and radiocollared 174 newborn (≤24-hrs old) ungulates: 76 white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in Minnesota and South Dakota, 61 mule deer (O. hemionus) in California, and 37 pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) in South Dakota. Estimated age of known-age newborns differed among hoof-growth models and varied by >15 days for white-tailed deer, >20 days for mule deer, and >10 days for pronghorn. Accuracy (i.e., the proportion of neonates assigned to the correct age) in aging newborns using published equations ranged from 0.0% to 39.4% in white-tailed deer, 0.0% to 3.3% in mule deer, and was 0.0% for pronghorns. Results of survival modeling indicated that variability in estimates of age-at-capture affected short-term estimates of survival (i.e., 30 days) for white-tailed deer and mule deer, and survival estimates over a longer time frame (i.e., 120 days) for mule deer. Conversely, survival estimates for pronghorn were not affected by estimates of age. Our analyses indicate that modeling survival in daily intervals is too fine a temporal scale when age-at-capture is unknown given the potential inaccuracies among equations used to estimate age of neonates. Instead, weekly survival intervals are more appropriate because most models accurately predicted ages within 1 week of the known age. Variation among results of neonatal-age models on short- and long-term estimates of survival for known-age young emphasizes the importance of selecting an appropriate hoof-growth equation and appropriately defining intervals (i.e., weekly versus daily) for estimating survival.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLoS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0108797","usgsCitation":"Grovenburg, T.W., Monteith, K.L., Jacques, C.N., Klaver, R.W., DePerno, C.S., Brinkman, T.J., Monteith, K.B., Gilbert, S.L., Smith, J.B., Bleich, V.C., Swanson, C., and Jenks, J., 2014, Re-evaluating neonatal-age models for ungulates: Does model choice affect survival estimates?: PLoS ONE, v. 9, no. 9, e108797; 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0108797.","productDescription":"e108797; 12 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-049674","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472540,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0108797","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":323262,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-09-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57594229e4b04f417c25695a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grovenburg, Troy W.","contributorId":57712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grovenburg","given":"Troy","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Monteith, Kevin L.","contributorId":83400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monteith","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jacques, Christopher N.","contributorId":15521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacques","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Klaver, Robert W. 0000-0002-3263-9701 bklaver@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3263-9701","contributorId":3285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klaver","given":"Robert","email":"bklaver@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":637439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"DePerno, Christopher S.","contributorId":10327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DePerno","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brinkman, Todd J.","contributorId":39696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brinkman","given":"Todd","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Monteith, Kyle B.","contributorId":141463,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Monteith","given":"Kyle","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gilbert, Sophie L.","contributorId":171535,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gilbert","given":"Sophie","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Smith, Joshua B.","contributorId":71883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Bleich, Vernon C.","contributorId":10293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bleich","given":"Vernon","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Swanson, Christopher C.","contributorId":58505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"Christopher C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Jenks, Jonathan A.","contributorId":51591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenks","given":"Jonathan A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70161749,"text":"70161749 - 2014 - A VS30 map for California with geologic and topographic constraints","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-05T15:45:50","indexId":"70161749","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A VS30 map for California with geologic and topographic constraints","docAbstract":"For many earthquake engineering applications, site response is estimated through empirical correlations with the time‐averaged shear‐wave velocity to 30 m depth (VS30). These applications therefore depend on the availability of either site‐specific VS30 measurements or VS30 maps at local, regional, and global scales. Because VS30 measurements are sparse, a proxy frequently is needed to estimate VS30 at unsampled locations. We present a new VS30 map for California, which accounts for observational constraints from multiple sources and spatial scales, such as geology, topography, and site‐specific VS30measurements. We apply the geostatistical approach of regression kriging (RK) to combine these constraints for predicting VS30. For the VS30 trend, we start with geology‐based VS30 values and identify two distinct trends between topographic gradient and the residuals from the geology VS30 model. One trend applies to deep and fine Quaternary alluvium, whereas the second trend is slightly stronger and applies to Pleistocene sedimentary units. The RK framework ensures that the resulting map of California is locally refined to reflect the rapidly expanding database of VS30 measurements throughout California. We compare the accuracy of the new mapping method to a previously developed map of VS30 for California. We also illustrate the sensitivity of ground motions to the new VS30 map by comparing real and scenario ShakeMaps with VS30 values from our new map to those for existingVS30 maps.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120130312","usgsCitation":"Thompson, E., Wald, D.J., and Worden, C., 2014, A VS30 map for California with geologic and topographic constraints: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 104, no. 5, p. 2313-2321, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120130312.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"2313","endPage":"2321","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056135","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":313848,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"104","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-09-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"568cf73be4b0e7a44bc0f127","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thompson, Eric","contributorId":33410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Eric","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":587638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wald, David J. 0000-0002-1454-4514 wald@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1454-4514","contributorId":795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wald","given":"David","email":"wald@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":587639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Worden, Charles 0000-0003-1181-685X cbworden@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1181-685X","contributorId":152042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Worden","given":"Charles","email":"cbworden@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":587640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70169154,"text":"70169154 - 2014 - Trouble in the aquatic world: How wildlife professionals are battling amphibian declines","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T15:00:27","indexId":"70169154","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3587,"text":"The Wildlife Professional","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trouble in the aquatic world: How wildlife professionals are battling amphibian declines","docAbstract":"A parasitic fungus, similar to the one that caused the extinction of numerous tropical frog and toad species, is killing salamanders in Europe. Scientists first identified the fungus, Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans, in 2013 as the culprit behind the death of fire salamanders (Salamandra salamandra) in the Netherlands (Martel et al. 2013) and are now exploring its potential impact to other species. Although the fungus, which kills the amphibians by infecting their skin, has not yet spread to the United States, researchers believe it’s only a matter of time before it does and, when that happens, the impact on salamander populations could be devastating (Martel et al. 2014).
Reports of worldwide declines of amphibians began a quarter of a century ago (Blaustein & Wake 1990). Globally, some amphibian population declines occurred in the late 1950s and early 1960s, and declining trends continued in North America (Houlahan et al. 2000). In the earlier years, population declines were attributed primarily to overharvest due to unregulated supply of species such as the northern leopard frog (Lithobates pipiens) for educational use (Dodd 2013). In later years, however, causes of declines were less evident. In 1989, herpetologists at the First World Congress of Herpetology traded alarming stories of losses across continents and in seemingly protected landscapes, making it clear that amphibian population declines were a “global phenomenon.” In response to these reports, in 1991, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) established the Declining Amphibian Populations Task Force to better understand the scale and scope of global amphibian declines. Unfortunately, the absence of long-term monitoring data and targeted studies made it difficult for the task force to compile information.
Today, according to AmphibiaWeb.org, there are 7,342 amphibian species in the world — double the number since the first alerts of declines — making the situation appear deceptively less dire. In fact, our understanding of genetic diversity significantly raises the stakes, and we are at risk of losing far more species than we believed only a few years ago. According to the IUCN, amphibians now lead the list of vertebrate taxa affected by the larger “biodiversity crisis” and sixth major mass- extinction event on Earth (Keith et al. 2014, Wake and Vredenburg 2008).
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","usgsCitation":"Olson, D.H., and Chestnut, T.E., 2014, Trouble in the aquatic world: How wildlife professionals are battling amphibian declines: The Wildlife Professional, v. 8, no. 4, p. 28-31.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"28","endPage":"31","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060298","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319205,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":319204,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://wildlife.org/trouble-in-the-aquatic-world/"}],"volume":"8","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f3be56e4b0f59b85e02f59","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olson, Deanna H.","contributorId":114032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"Deanna","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chestnut, Tara E. chestnut@usgs.gov","contributorId":3921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chestnut","given":"Tara","email":"chestnut@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":623249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70170254,"text":"70170254 - 2014 - A depth-averaged debris-flow model that includes the effects of evolving dilatancy: II. Numerical predictions and experimental tests.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-06T08:02:34","indexId":"70170254","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3878,"text":"Proceedings of the Royal Society A","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A depth-averaged debris-flow model that includes the effects of evolving dilatancy: II. Numerical predictions and experimental tests.","docAbstract":"We evaluate a new depth-averaged mathematical model that is designed to simulate all stages of debris-flow motion, from initiation to deposition. A companion paper shows how the model’s five governing equations describe simultaneous evolution of flow thickness, solid volume fraction, basal pore-fluid pressure, and two components of flow momentum. Each equation contains a source term that represents the influence of state-dependent granular dilatancy. Here we recapitulate the equations and analyze their eigenstructure to show that they form a hyperbolic system with desirable stability properties. To solve the equations we use a shock-capturing numerical scheme with adaptive mesh refinement, implemented in an open-source software package we call D-Claw. As tests of D-Claw, we compare model output with results from two sets of large-scale debris-flow experiments. One set focuses on flow initiation from landslides triggered by rising pore-water pressures, and the other focuses on downstream flow dynamics, runout, and deposition. D-Claw performs well in predicting evolution of flow speeds, thicknesses, and basal pore-fluid pressures measured in each type of experiment. Computational results illustrate the critical role of dilatancy in linking coevolution of the solid volume fraction and pore-fluid pressure, which mediates basal Coulomb friction and thereby regulates debris-flow dynamics.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Royal Society","publisherLocation":"London, England","doi":"10.1098/rspa.2013.0820","usgsCitation":"George, D.L., and Iverson, R.M., 2014, A depth-averaged debris-flow model that includes the effects of evolving dilatancy: II. Numerical predictions and experimental tests.: Proceedings of the Royal Society A, v. 470, no. 2170, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2013.0820.","productDescription":"31 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053085","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472543,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2013.0820","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":320034,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"470","issue":"2170","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-10-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"570f6dabe4b0ef3b7ca3566a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"George, David L. 0000-0002-5726-0255 dgeorge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5726-0255","contributorId":3120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"George","given":"David","email":"dgeorge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Iverson, Richard M. 0000-0002-7369-3819 riverson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7369-3819","contributorId":536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iverson","given":"Richard","email":"riverson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70168474,"text":"70168474 - 2014 - Redefining reproductive success in songbirds: Moving beyond the nest success paradigm","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-24T15:17:27","indexId":"70168474","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Redefining reproductive success in songbirds: Moving beyond the nest success paradigm","docAbstract":"One of the most commonly estimated parameters in studies of songbird ecology is reproductive success, as a measure of either individual fitness or population productivity. Traditionally, the “success” in reproductive success refers to whether, or how many, nestlings leave nests. Here, we advocate that “reproductive success” in songbirds be redefined as full-season productivity, or the number of young raised to independence from adult care in a breeding season. A growing body of evidence demonstrates interdependence between nest success and fledgling survival, and emphasizes that data from either life stage alone can produce misleading measures of individual fitness and population productivity. Nest success, therefore, is an insufficient measure of reproductive success, and songbird ecology needs to progress beyond this long-standing paradigm. Full-season productivity, an evolutionarily rational measure of reproductive success, provides the framework for appropriately addressing unresolved questions about the adaptive significance of many breeding behaviors and within which effective breeding-grounds conservation and management can be designed.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1642/AUK-14-69.1","usgsCitation":"Streby, H.M., Refsnider, J.M., and Andersen, D., 2014, Redefining reproductive success in songbirds: Moving beyond the nest success paradigm: The Auk, v. 131, no. 4, p. 718-726, https://doi.org/10.1642/AUK-14-69.1.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"718","endPage":"726","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055846","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472554,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1642/AUK-14-69.1","text":"External Repository"},{"id":318071,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"131","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56c45654e4b0946c652185ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Streby, Henry M.","contributorId":11024,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Streby","given":"Henry","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12455,"text":"University of Toledo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Refsnider, Jeanine M.","contributorId":166948,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Refsnider","given":"Jeanine","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":620477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Andersen, David E. 0000-0001-9535-3404 dea@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9535-3404","contributorId":2168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersen","given":"David E.","email":"dea@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":34539,"text":"Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":620464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70168667,"text":"70168667 - 2014 - Disturbance to desert soil ecosystems contributes to dust-mediated impacts at regional scales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-24T14:09:19","indexId":"70168667","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1006,"text":"Biodiversity and Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Disturbance to desert soil ecosystems contributes to dust-mediated impacts at regional scales","docAbstract":"This review considers the regional scale of impacts arising from disturbance to desert soil ecosystems. Deserts occupy over one-third of the Earth’s terrestrial surface, and biological soil covers are critical to stabilization of desert soils. Disturbance to these can contribute to massive destabilization and mobilization of dust. This results in dust storms that are transported across inter-continental distances where they have profound negative impacts. Dust deposition at high altitudes causes radiative forcing of snowpack that leads directly to altered hydrological regimes and changes to freshwater biogeochemistry. In marine environments dust deposition impacts phytoplankton diazotrophy, and causes coral reef senescence. Increasingly dust is also recognized as a threat to human health.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10531-014-0690-x","usgsCitation":"Pointing, S.B., and Belnap, J., 2014, Disturbance to desert soil ecosystems contributes to dust-mediated impacts at regional scales: Biodiversity and Conservation, v. 23, no. 7, p. 1659-1667, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-014-0690-x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1659","endPage":"1667","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-068093","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318365,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-04-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56cee25ee4b015c306ec5eaf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pointing, Stephen B.","contributorId":8347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pointing","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belnap, Jayne 0000-0001-7471-2279 jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":1332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"Jayne","email":"jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":621215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70155072,"text":"70155072 - 2014 - Landscape effects on mallard habitat selection at multiple spatial scales during the non-breeding period","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-05T12:21:51","indexId":"70155072","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2602,"text":"Landscape Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landscape effects on mallard habitat selection at multiple spatial scales during the non-breeding period","docAbstract":"Previous studies that evaluated effects of landscape-scale habitat heterogeneity on migratory waterbird distributions were spatially limited and temporally restricted to one major life-history phase. However, effects of landscape-scale habitat heterogeneity on long-distance migratory waterbirds can be studied across the annual cycle using new technologies, including global positioning system satellite transmitters. We used Bayesian discrete choice models to examine the influence of local habitats and landscape composition on habitat selection by a generalist dabbling duck, the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), in the midcontinent of North America during the non-breeding period. Using a previously published empirical movement metric, we separated the non-breeding period into three seasons, including autumn migration, winter, and spring migration. We defined spatial scales based on movement patterns such that movements >0.25 and <30.00 km were classified as local scale and movements >30.00 km were classified as relocation scale. Habitat selection at the local scale was generally influenced by local and landscape-level variables across all seasons. Variables in top models at the local scale included proximities to cropland, emergent wetland, open water, and woody wetland. Similarly, variables associated with area of cropland, emergent wetland, open water, and woody wetland were also included at the local scale. At the relocation scale, mallards selected resource units based on more generalized variables, including proximity to wetlands and total wetland area. Our results emphasize the role of landscape composition in waterbird habitat selection and provide further support for local wetland landscapes to be considered functional units of waterbird conservation and management.
","language":"English","publisher":"Spring Netherlands","publisherLocation":"Dordrecht, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s10980-014-0035-x","usgsCitation":"Beatty, W.S., Webb, E.B., Kesler, D.C., Raedeke, A.H., Naylor, L.W., and Humburg, D.D., 2014, Landscape effects on mallard habitat selection at multiple spatial scales during the non-breeding period: Landscape Ecology, v. 29, no. 6, p. 989-1000, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-014-0035-x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"989","endPage":"1000","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2010-09-01","temporalEnd":"2011-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-051645","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306434,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","volume":"29","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55c333aee4b033ef52106a9a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beatty, William S. 0000-0003-0013-3113","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0013-3113","contributorId":146301,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beatty","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Webb, Elisabeth B. 0000-0003-3851-6056 ewebb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3851-6056","contributorId":3981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"Elisabeth","email":"ewebb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kesler, Dylan C.","contributorId":14358,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kesler","given":"Dylan","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6769,"text":"University of Missouri, Columbia, MO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":567351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Raedeke, Andrew H.","contributorId":94083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raedeke","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Naylor, Luke W.","contributorId":145840,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Naylor","given":"Luke","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Humburg, Dale D.","contributorId":79357,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Humburg","given":"Dale","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":13073,"text":"Ducks Unlimited, Inc.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":567354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70155071,"text":"70155071 - 2014 - Effects of satellite transmitters on captive and wild mallards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-05T12:50:18","indexId":"70155071","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of satellite transmitters on captive and wild mallards","docAbstract":"Satellite telemetry has become a leading method for studying large-scale movements and survival in birds, yet few have addressed potential effects of the larger and heavier tracking equipment on study subjects. We simultaneously evaluated effects of satellite telemetry equipment on captive and wild mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) to assess impacts on behavior, body mass, and movement. We randomly assigned 55 captive ducks to one of 3 treatment groups, including a standard body harness group, a modified harness group, and a control group. Ducks in the control group were not fitted with equipment, whereas individuals in the other 2 groups were fitted with dummy transmitters attached with a Teflon ribbon harness or with a similar harness constructed of nylon cord. At the conclusion of the 14-week captive study, mean body mass of birds in the control group was 40–105 g (95% CI) greater than birds with standard harnesses, and 28–99 g (95% CI) greater than birds with modified harnesses. Further, results of focal behavior observations indicated ducks with transmitters were less likely to be in water than control birds. We also tested whether movements of wild birds marked with a similar Teflon harness satellite transmitter aligned with population movements reported by on-the-ground observers who indexed local abundances of mid-continent mallards throughout the non-breeding period. Results indicated birds marked with satellite transmitters moved concurrently with the larger unmarked population. Our results have broad implications for field research and suggest that investigators should consider potential for physiological and behavioral effects brought about by tracking equipment. Nonetheless, results from wild ducks indicate satellite telemetry has the potential to provide useful movement data.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","doi":"10.1002/wsb.437","usgsCitation":"Kesler, D.C., Raedeke, A.H., Foggia, J.R., Beatty, W.S., Webb, E.B., Humburg, D.D., and Naylor, L.W., 2014, Effects of satellite transmitters on captive and wild mallards: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 38, no. 3, p. 557-565, https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.437.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"557","endPage":"565","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2010-07-29","temporalEnd":"2010-12-15","ipdsId":"IP-046213","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499896,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doaj.org/article/279f09d07e584f4dbb5cc48de0afff3a","text":"External Repository"},{"id":306437,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.39599609375,\n 30.12612436422458\n ],\n [\n -87.71484375,\n 42.53689200787317\n ],\n [\n -89.8681640625,\n 48.122101028190805\n ],\n [\n -96.7236328125,\n 49.781264058178365\n ],\n [\n -103.99658203125,\n 52.77618568896171\n ],\n [\n -112.0166015625,\n 52.78947558139887\n ],\n [\n -112.1484375,\n 49.009050809382046\n ],\n [\n -104.17236328125,\n 48.66194284607008\n ],\n [\n -104.0625,\n 40.94671366508002\n ],\n [\n -101.9970703125,\n 39.9602803542957\n ],\n [\n -102.94189453125,\n 35.460669951495305\n ],\n [\n -99.8876953125,\n 31.259769987394286\n ],\n [\n -94.21875,\n 29.36302703778376\n ],\n [\n -88.39599609375,\n 30.12612436422458\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"38","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-05-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55c333ace4b033ef52106a8e","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/wsb.437","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wsb.437","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Kesler Dylan C., Raedeke Andrew H., Foggia Jennifer R., Beatty William S., Webb Elisabeth B., Humburg Dale D., Naylor Luke W.","journalName":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","publicationDate":"5/7/2014","auditedOn":"11/1/2014"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kesler, Dylan C.","contributorId":14358,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kesler","given":"Dylan","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6769,"text":"University of Missouri, Columbia, MO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":567361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Raedeke, Andrew H.","contributorId":94083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raedeke","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Foggia, Jennifer R.","contributorId":146302,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Foggia","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Beatty, William S. 0000-0003-0013-3113","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0013-3113","contributorId":146301,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beatty","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Webb, Elisabeth B. 0000-0003-3851-6056 ewebb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3851-6056","contributorId":3981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"Elisabeth","email":"ewebb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Humburg, Dale D.","contributorId":79357,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Humburg","given":"Dale","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":13073,"text":"Ducks Unlimited, Inc.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":567365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Naylor, Luke W.","contributorId":145840,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Naylor","given":"Luke","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70173737,"text":"70173737 - 2014 - Late winter and early spring home range and habitat use of the endangered Carolina northern flying squirrel in western North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-18T21:40:11","indexId":"70173737","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1497,"text":"Endangered Species Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late winter and early spring home range and habitat use of the endangered Carolina northern flying squirrel in western North Carolina","docAbstract":"The Carolina northern flying squirrel Glaucomys sabrinus coloratus is an endangered subspecies that is restricted to high elevation forests in the southern Appalachian Mountains. Owing to rugged terrain and nocturnal habits, the subspecies’ natural history, home range characteristics and habitat preferences are poorly known. We radio-tracked 3 female and 2 male Carolina northern flying squirrels during late winter through spring 2012 in the Pisgah National Forest, North Carolina, USA. Tracked squirrels used 13 yellow birch Betula alleghaniensis and 9 red spruce Picea rubens as diurnal dens. Ten of the yellow birch dens were in cavities, whereas the remainders were dreys. Conversely, 8 of the red spruce dens were dreys and one was in a cavity. Mean (±SE) female 95 and 50% adaptive kernel home ranges were 6.50 ± 2.19 and 0.93 ± 0.33 ha, respectively, whereas the corresponding values for males were 12.6 ± 0.9 and 1.45 ± 0.1 ha, respectively. Squirrels used red spruce stands with canopies >20 m more than expected based on availability at the landscape and home range scales. Results should be interpreted cautiously because of small sample sizes and seasonal observations; however, they provide evidence that although northern hardwoods such as yellow birch are an important den habitat component, mature red spruce-dominated habitats with complex structure provide foraging habitats and are also den habitat. Our findings support efforts to improve the structural condition of extant red spruce forests and/or increase red spruce acreage to potentially benefit Carolina northern flying squirrels.
","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/esr00561","usgsCitation":"Ford, W.M., Kelly, C.A., Rodrigue, J.L., Odom, R.H., Newcomb, D., Gilley, L.M., and Diggins, C.A., 2014, Late winter and early spring home range and habitat use of the endangered Carolina northern flying squirrel in western North Carolina: Endangered Species Research, v. 23, no. 1, p. 73-82, https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00561.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"73","endPage":"82","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-046139","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472538,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00561","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":323397,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Middle Prong Wilderness, Pisgah National Forest","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.02436828613281,\n 35.25459097465022\n ],\n [\n -83.02436828613281,\n 35.41311690821499\n ],\n [\n -82.8533935546875,\n 35.41311690821499\n ],\n [\n -82.8533935546875,\n 35.25459097465022\n ],\n [\n -83.02436828613281,\n 35.25459097465022\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"23","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"575a9333e4b04f417c275164","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ford, W. Mark wford@usgs.gov","contributorId":3858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ford","given":"W.","email":"wford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Mark","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":638029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kelly, Christine A.","contributorId":171661,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kelly","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":35598,"text":"North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission ","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":638258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rodrigue, Jane L.","contributorId":150352,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rodrigue","given":"Jane","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Odom, Richard H.","contributorId":171659,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Odom","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Newcomb, Douglas","contributorId":171669,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Newcomb","given":"Douglas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gilley, L. Michelle","contributorId":171670,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gilley","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michelle","affiliations":[{"id":35652,"text":"Mars Hill University, Mars Hill, NC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":638262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Diggins, Corinne A.","contributorId":171667,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Diggins","given":"Corinne","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":33131,"text":"Dept of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":638263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70173759,"text":"70173759 - 2014 - Using urban forest assessment tools to model bird habitat potential","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-08T14:47:20","indexId":"70173759","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2603,"text":"Landscape and Urban Planning","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using urban forest assessment tools to model bird habitat potential","docAbstract":"The alteration of forest cover and the replacement of native vegetation with buildings, roads, exotic vegetation, and other urban features pose one of the greatest threats to global biodiversity. As more land becomes slated for urban development, identifying effective urban forest wildlife management tools becomes paramount to ensure the urban forest provides habitat to sustain bird and other wildlife populations. The primary goal of this study was to integrate wildlife suitability indices to an existing national urban forest assessment tool, i-Tree. We quantified available habitat characteristics of urban forests for ten northeastern U.S. cities, and summarized bird habitat relationships from the literature in terms of variables that were represented in the i-Tree datasets. With these data, we generated habitat suitability equations for nine bird species representing a range of life history traits and conservation status that predicts the habitat suitability based on i-Tree data. We applied these equations to the urban forest datasets to calculate the overall habitat suitability for each city and the habitat suitability for different types of land-use (e.g., residential, commercial, parkland) for each bird species. The proposed habitat models will help guide wildlife managers, urban planners, and landscape designers who require specific information such as desirable habitat conditions within an urban management project to help improve the suitability of urban forests for birds.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2013.10.006","usgsCitation":"Lerman, S.B., Nislow, K.H., Nowak, D., DeStefano, S., King, D.I., and Jones-Farrand, D., 2014, Using urban forest assessment tools to model bird habitat potential: Landscape and Urban Planning, v. 122, p. 29-40, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2013.10.006.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"29","endPage":"40","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-043798","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472548,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2013.10.006","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":323301,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"122","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57594238e4b04f417c2569e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lerman, Susannah B.","contributorId":171615,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lerman","given":"Susannah","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nislow, Keith H.","contributorId":103564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nislow","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nowak, David J.","contributorId":171616,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nowak","given":"David J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"DeStefano, Stephen 0000-0003-2472-8373 destef@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2472-8373","contributorId":166706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeStefano","given":"Stephen","email":"destef@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":638071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"King, David I.","contributorId":34390,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"King","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":18918,"text":"Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":13259,"text":"USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":638105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jones-Farrand, D. Todd","contributorId":54713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones-Farrand","given":"D. Todd","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70173700,"text":"70173700 - 2014 - Trap configuration and spacing influences parameter estimates in spatial capture-recapture models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-07T13:55:38","indexId":"70173700","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trap configuration and spacing influences parameter estimates in spatial capture-recapture models","docAbstract":"An increasing number of studies employ spatial capture-recapture models to estimate population size, but there has been limited research on how different spatial sampling designs and trap configurations influence parameter estimators. Spatial capture-recapture models provide an advantage over non-spatial models by explicitly accounting for heterogeneous detection probabilities among individuals that arise due to the spatial organization of individuals relative to sampling devices. We simulated black bear (Ursus americanus) populations and spatial capture-recapture data to evaluate the influence of trap configuration and trap spacing on estimates of population size and a spatial scale parameter, sigma, that relates to home range size. We varied detection probability and home range size, and considered three trap configurations common to large-mammal mark-recapture studies: regular spacing, clustered, and a temporal sequence of different cluster configurations (i.e., trap relocation). We explored trap spacing and number of traps per cluster by varying the number of traps. The clustered arrangement performed well when detection rates were low, and provides for easier field implementation than the sequential trap arrangement. However, performance differences between trap configurations diminished as home range size increased. Our simulations suggest it is important to consider trap spacing relative to home range sizes, with traps ideally spaced no more than twice the spatial scale parameter. While spatial capture-recapture models can accommodate different sampling designs and still estimate parameters with accuracy and precision, our simulations demonstrate that aspects of sampling design, namely trap configuration and spacing, must consider study area size, ranges of individual movement, and home range sizes in the study population.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLoS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0088025","usgsCitation":"Sun, C.C., Fuller, A.K., and Royle, J., 2014, Trap configuration and spacing influences parameter estimates in spatial capture-recapture models: PLoS ONE, v. 9, no. 2, e88025; 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0088025.","productDescription":"e88025; 9 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-049687","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472537,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0088025","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":323113,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":323105,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0141634","text":"Correction: October 23, 2015"}],"volume":"9","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-02-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5757f065e4b04f417c24dd36","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sun, Catherine C.","contributorId":70274,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sun","given":"Catherine","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":637547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fuller, Angela K. 0000-0002-9247-7468 afuller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9247-7468","contributorId":3984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"Angela","email":"afuller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":637525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167 aroyle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":138865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","email":"aroyle@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":637526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70111959,"text":"70111959 - 2014 - The effects of harvest on waterfowl populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-11T11:44:22","indexId":"70111959","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T23:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3764,"text":"Wildfowl","onlineIssn":"2052-6458","printIssn":"0954-6324","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effects of harvest on waterfowl populations","docAbstract":"Change in the size of populations over space and time is, arguably, the motivation for much of pure and applied ecological research. The fundamental model for the dynamics of any population is straightforward: the net change in the abundance is the simple difference between the number of individuals entering the population and the number leaving the population, either or both of which may change in response to factors intrinsic and extrinsic to the population. While harvest of individuals from a population constitutes a clear extrinsic source of removal of individuals, the response of populations to harvest is frequently complex, reflecting an interaction of harvest with one or more population processes. Here we consider the role of these interactions, and factors influencing them, on the effective harvest management of waterfowl populations. We review historical ideas concerning harvest and discuss the relationship(s) between waterfowl life histories and the development and application of population models to inform harvest management. The influence of population structure (age, spatial) on derivation of optimal harvest strategies (with and without explicit consideration of various sources of uncertainty) is considered. In addition to population structure, we discuss how the optimal harvest strategy may be influenced by: 1) patterns of density-dependence in one or more vital rates, and 2) heterogeneity in vital rates among individuals within an age-sex-size class. Although derivation of the optimal harvest strategy for simple population models (with or without structure) is generally straightforward, there are several potential difficulties in application. In particular, uncertainty concerning the population structure at the time of harvest, and the ability to regulate the structure of the harvest itself, are significant complications. We therefore review the evidence of effects of harvest on waterfowl populations. Some of this evidence has focussed on correspondence of data with more phenomenological models and other evidence relates to specific mechanisms, including densitydependence and heterogeneity. An important part of this evidence is found in the evolution of model weights under various adaptive harvest management programmes of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for North American waterfowl.
\nOverall, there is substantial uncertainty about system dynamics, about the impacts of potential management and conservation decisions on those dynamics, and how to optimise management decisions in the presence of such uncertainties. Such relationships are unlikely to be stationary over space or time, and selective harvest of some individuals can potentially alter life history allocation of resources over time – both of which will potentially influence optimal harvest strategies. These sources of variation and uncertainty argue for the use of adaptive approaches to waterfowl harvest management.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildfowl and Wetland Trust","usgsCitation":"Cooch, E.G., Guillemain, M., Boomer, G., Lebreton, J., and Nichols, J., 2014, The effects of harvest on waterfowl populations: Wildfowl, v. Special Issue 4, p. 220-276.","productDescription":"57 p.","startPage":"220","endPage":"276","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055408","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325007,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":325006,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://wildfowl.wwt.org.uk/index.php/wildfowl/article/view/2608"}],"volume":"Special Issue 4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5784c345e4b0e02680be59ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cooch, Evan G.","contributorId":100673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooch","given":"Evan","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guillemain, Matthieu","contributorId":141131,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guillemain","given":"Matthieu","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13683,"text":"French National Hunting and Wildlife Agency (ONCFS)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boomer, G Scott","contributorId":172150,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boomer","given":"G Scott","affiliations":[{"id":26994,"text":"Div. of Migratory Bird Management, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, MD","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lebreton, Jean-Dominique","contributorId":172792,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lebreton","given":"Jean-Dominique","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nichols, James D. 0000-0002-7631-2890 jnichols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James D.","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":518931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70193836,"text":"70193836 - 2014 - Importance of understanding landscape biases in USGS gage locations: Implications and solutions for managers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-28T14:39:24","indexId":"70193836","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1657,"text":"Fisheries","onlineIssn":"1548-8446","printIssn":"0363-2415","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Importance of understanding landscape biases in USGS gage locations: Implications and solutions for managers","docAbstract":"Flow and water temperature are fundamental properties of stream ecosystems upon which many freshwater resource management decisions are based. U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) gages are the most important source of streamflow and water temperature data available nationwide, but the degree to which gages represent landscape attributes of the larger population of streams has not been thoroughly evaluated. We identified substantial biases for seven landscape attributes in one or more regions across the conterminous United States. Streams with small watersheds (<10 km2) and at high elevations were often underrepresented, and biases were greater for water temperature gages and in arid regions. Biases can fundamentally alter management decisions and at a minimum this potential for error must be acknowledged accurately and transparently. We highlight three strategies that seek to reduce bias or limit errors arising from bias and illustrate how one strategy, supplementing USGS data, can greatly reduce bias.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/03632415.2014.891503","usgsCitation":"Wagner, T., DeWeber, J.T., Tsang, Y., Krueger, D., Whittier, J.B., Infante, D.M., and Whelan, G., 2014, Importance of understanding landscape biases in USGS gage locations: Implications and solutions for managers: Fisheries, v. 39, no. 4, p. 155-163, https://doi.org/10.1080/03632415.2014.891503.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"155","endPage":"163","ipdsId":"IP-041195","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348414,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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States\"}}]}","volume":"39","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-04-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a0425c5e4b0dc0b45b45415","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wagner, Tyler 0000-0003-1726-016X twagner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1726-016X","contributorId":1050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"Tyler","email":"twagner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":720630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeWeber, Jefferson Tyrell","contributorId":172108,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DeWeber","given":"Jefferson","email":"","middleInitial":"Tyrell","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tsang, Yin-Phan","contributorId":177342,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tsang","given":"Yin-Phan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Krueger, Damon","contributorId":174440,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Krueger","given":"Damon","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Whittier, Joanna B.","contributorId":53151,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whittier","given":"Joanna","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Infante, Dana M. 0000-0003-1385-1587","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1385-1587","contributorId":150821,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Infante","given":"Dana","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":18112,"text":"Dept. of Fisheries and Wildlife,","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Whelan, Gary","contributorId":146115,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whelan","given":"Gary","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16584,"text":"Fisheries Division, Michigan Department of Natural Resources, P.O. Box 30446, Lansing, MI 48909","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70194330,"text":"70194330 - 2014 - Concealed basalt-matrix diatremes with Cu-Au-Ag-(Mo)-mineralized xenoliths, Santa Cruz Porphyry Cu-(Mo) System, Pinal County, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-29T10:02:12","indexId":"70194330","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Concealed basalt-matrix diatremes with Cu-Au-Ag-(Mo)-mineralized xenoliths, Santa Cruz Porphyry Cu-(Mo) System, Pinal County, Arizona","docAbstract":"The Santa Cruz porphyry Cu-(Mo) system near Casa Grande, Arizona, includes the Sacaton mine deposits and at least five other concealed, mineralized fault blocks with an estimated minimum resource of 1.5 Gt @ 0.6% Cu. The Late Cretaceous-Paleocene system has been dismembered and rotated by Tertiary extension, partially eroded, and covered by Tertiary-Quaternary basin-fill deposits. The mine and mineralized fault blocks, which form an 11 km (~7 miles) by 1.6 km (~1 mile) NE-SW–trending alignment, represent either pieces of one large deposit, several deposits, or pieces of several deposits. The southwestern part of the known system is penetrated by three or more diatremes that consist of heterolithic breccia pipes with basalt and clastic matrices, and subannular tuff ring and maar-fill sedimentary deposits associated with vents. The tephra and maar-fill deposits, which are covered by ~485 to 910 m (~1,600–3,000 ft) of basin fill, lie on a mid-Tertiary erosion surface of Middle Proterozoic granite and Late Cretaceous porphyry, which compose most xenoliths in pipes and are the host rocks of the system. Some igneous xenoliths in the pipes contain bornite-chalcopyrite-covellite assemblages with hypogene grades >1 wt % Cu, 0.01 ounces per ton (oz/t) Au, 0.5 oz/t Ag, and small amounts of Mo (<0.01 wt %). These xenoliths were derived from mineralized rocks that have not been encountered in drill holes, and attest to additional, possibly higher-grade deposits within or subjacent to the known system.
The geometry, stratigraphy, and temporal relationships of pipes and tephras, interpreted from drill hole spacing and intercepts, multigenerational breccias and matrices, reequilibrated and partially decomposed sulfide-oxide mineral assemblages, melted xenoliths, and breccia matrix compositions show that the diatremes formed in repeated stages. Initial pulses of basalt magma fractured granite, porphyry, and other crustal rocks during intrusion, transported multi-sized fragments of these rocks upward, and partially melted small fragments. Rapid decompression of magma induced catastrophic devolatilization that ruptured overlying rocks to the surface, and generated fragment-volatile suspensions that abraded conduits into near-vertical cylindrical structures. Fragments entrained in suspensions were milled and sorted, and ejected as basal surge, pyroclastic deposits, and airfall tephra that built tuff rings around vents and filled vent depressions. Comminuted m- to mm-sized fragments of wall rocks in magma and suspensions that remained in conduits solidified as heterolithic breccias. Subsequent pulses of basalt magma ascended through the same conduits, brecciated older heterolithic breccias, devolatilized, and quenched, leaving two or more generations of nested and mingled heterolithic breccias and internal zones of fluidized fragments. Tephra and maar-fill deposits from later eruptions are composed of more hydrous and oxidized minerals than earlier tephras, reflecting a higher proportion of water in transport fluid which, based on fluid inclusion populations in mineralized xenoliths, was saline water and CO2. The large vertical extent (~600 m; ~2,000 ft) of basalt matrix in pipes, near-paleosurface matrix vesiculation, and plastically deformed basalt lapilli indicates that diatreme eruptions were predominantly phreatic.
Diatreme xenoliths represent crustal stratigraphy and, as in the Santa Cruz system, provide evidence of concealed mineral resources that can guide exploration drilling through cover. Vectors to the source of bornite-dominant xenoliths containing >1% Cu and significant Au and Ag could be determined by refinement of breccia pipe geometries, by reassembly of mineralized fault blocks using modal, chemical, and temporal characteristics of hydrothermal mineral assemblages and fluid inclusions, and by paleodrainage analysis.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/econgeo.109.5.1271","usgsCitation":"Vikre, P.G., Graybeal, F., and Koutz, F.R., 2014, Concealed basalt-matrix diatremes with Cu-Au-Ag-(Mo)-mineralized xenoliths, Santa Cruz Porphyry Cu-(Mo) System, Pinal County, Arizona: Economic Geology, v. 109, no. 5, p. 1271-1289, https://doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.109.5.1271.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"1271","endPage":"1289","ipdsId":"IP-050076","costCenters":[{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349446,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","county":"Pinal 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Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-05-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a61003fe4b06e28e9c253ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vikre, Peter G. 0000-0001-7895-5972 pvikre@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7895-5972","contributorId":139033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vikre","given":"Peter","email":"pvikre@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":723325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Graybeal, Frederick","contributorId":139000,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Graybeal","given":"Frederick","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12586,"text":"Consultant","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":723326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Koutz, Fleetwood R.","contributorId":200782,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koutz","given":"Fleetwood","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70193350,"text":"70193350 - 2014 - Multisystem dating of modern river detritus from Tajikistan and China: Implications for crustal evolution and exhumation of the Pamir","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-01T10:25:21","indexId":"70193350","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2626,"text":"Lithosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multisystem dating of modern river detritus from Tajikistan and China: Implications for crustal evolution and exhumation of the Pamir","docAbstract":"The Pamir is the western continuation of Tibet and the site of some of the highest mountains on Earth, yet comparatively little is known about its crustal and tectonic evolution and erosional history. Both Tibet and the Pamir are characterized by similar terranes and sutures that can be correlated along strike, although the details of such correlations remain controversial. The erosional history of the Pamir with respect to Tibet is significantly different as well: Most of Tibet has been characterized by internal drainage and low erosion rates since the early Cenozoic; in contrast, the Pamir is externally drained and topographically more rugged, and it has a strongly asymmetric drainage pattern. Here, we report 700 new U-Pb and Lu-Hf isotope determinations and >300 40Ar/39Ar ages from detrital minerals derived from rivers in China draining the northeastern Pamir and >1000 apatite fission-track (AFT) ages from 12 rivers in Tajikistan and China draining the northeastern, central, and southern Pamir. U-Pb ages from rivers draining the northeastern Pamir are Mesozoic to Proterozoic and show affinity with the Songpan-Ganzi terrane of northern Tibet, whereas rivers draining the central and southern Pamir are mainly Mesozoic and show some affinity with the Qiangtang terrane of central Tibet. The εHf values are juvenile, between 15 and −5, for the northeastern Pamir and juvenile to moderately evolved, between 10 and −40, for the central and southern Pamir. Detrital mica 40Ar/39Ar ages for the northeastern Pamir (eastern drainages) are generally older than ages from the central and southern Pamir (western drainages), indicating younger or lower-magnitude exhumation of the northeastern Pamir compared to the central and southern Pamir. AFT data show strong Miocene–Pliocene signals at the orogen scale, indicating rapid erosion at the regional scale. Despite localized exhumation of the Mustagh-Ata and Kongur-Shan domes, average erosion rates for the northeastern Pamir are up to one order of magnitude lower than erosion rates recorded by the central and southern Pamir. Deeper exhumation of the central and southern Pamir is associated with tectonic exhumation of central Pamir domes. Deeper exhumation coincides with western and asymmetric drainages and with higher precipitation today, suggesting an orographic effect on exhumation. A younging-southward trend of cooling ages may reflect tectonic processes. Overall, cooling ages derived from the Pamir are younger than ages recorded in Tibet, indicating younger and higher magnitudes of erosion in the Pamir.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/L360.1","usgsCitation":"Carappa, B., Mustapha, F., Cosca, M.A., Gehrels, G.E., Schoenbhohm, L., Sobel, E., , D., Russell, J., and Goodman, P., 2014, Multisystem dating of modern river detritus from Tajikistan and China: Implications for crustal evolution and exhumation of the Pamir: Lithosphere, v. 6, no. 6, p. 443-455, https://doi.org/10.1130/L360.1.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"443","endPage":"455","ipdsId":"IP-041792","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472556,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/l360.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":347961,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"China","otherGeospatial":"Pamir Mountains, Tibet","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 66,\n 11.523087506868514\n ],\n [\n 100.546875,\n 11.523087506868514\n ],\n [\n 100.546875,\n 37.16031654673677\n ],\n [\n 66,\n 37.16031654673677\n ],\n [\n 66,\n 11.523087506868514\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59fadd25e4b0531197b13cc1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carappa, Barbara","contributorId":199352,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carappa","given":"Barbara","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mustapha, F.S.","contributorId":199353,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mustapha","given":"F.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cosca, Michael A. 0000-0002-0600-7663 mcosca@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0600-7663","contributorId":1000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cosca","given":"Michael","email":"mcosca@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gehrels, George E.","contributorId":59795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gehrels","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schoenbhohm, L","contributorId":199354,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schoenbhohm","given":"L","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sobel, E.","contributorId":199355,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sobel","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":" DeCelles.P.","contributorId":199356,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"given":"DeCelles.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Russell, Joellen","contributorId":148972,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Russell","given":"Joellen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Goodman, Paul","contributorId":199384,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goodman","given":"Paul","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70191537,"text":"70191537 - 2014 - Seismic monitoring at the Decatur, Ill., CO2 sequestration demonstration site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-05T15:12:54","indexId":"70191537","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Seismic monitoring at the Decatur, Ill., CO2 sequestration demonstration site","docAbstract":"The viability of carbon capture and storage (CCS) to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases depends on the ability to safely sequester large quantities of CO2 over geologic time scales. One concern with CCS is the potential of induced seismicity. We report on ongoing seismic monitoring by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) at a CCS demonstration site in Decatur, IL, in an effort to understand the potential hazards posed by injection-induced seismicity associated with geologic CO2 sequestration. At Decatur, super-critical CO2 is injected at 2.1 km depth into the 550-m-thick Mt. Simon Sandstone, which directly overlies granitic basement. The primary sealing cap rock is the Eau Claire Shale, a 100- to 150-m-thick unit at a depth of roughly 1.5 km. The USGS seismic network consists of 12 stations, three of which have surface accelerometers and three-component borehole geophones. We derived a one-dimensional velocity models from a vertical seismic profile acquired by Archer-Daniels-Midland (ADM) and the Illinois State Geological Survey (ISGS) to a depth of 2.2 km, tied into shallow acoustic logs from our borehole stations and assuming a 6 km/sec P-wave velocity for granite below 2.2 km. We further assume a constant ratio of P- to S-wave velocities of 1.83, as derived from velocity model inversions. We use this velocity model to locate seismic events, all of which are within the footprint of our network. So far magnitudes of locatable events range from Mw = -1.52 to 1.07. We further improved the hypocentral precision of microseismic events when travel times and waveforms are sufficiently similar by employing double-difference relocation techniques, with relative location errors less than 80 m horizontally and 100 m vertically. We observe tend to group in three distinct clusters: ∼0.4 to 1.0 km NE, 1.6 to 2.4 km N, and ∼1.8 to 2.6 km WNW from the injection well. The first cluster of microseismicity forms a roughly linear trend, which may represent a pre-existing geologic structure. Most of these microearthquakes occur in the granitic basement at depths greater than 2.2 km, well below the caprock, and likely do not compromise the integrity of the seal. We conclude that because the observed microseismicity is occurring in the granitic basement, the integrity of the caprock seal has not been compromised by CCS activities.","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Energy Procedia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"12th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies, GHGT-12","conferenceDate":"October 5-9, 2014","conferenceLocation":"Austin, Texas","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.461","usgsCitation":"Kaven, J., Hickman, S.H., McGarr, A.F., Walter, S.R., and Ellsworth, W.L., 2014, Seismic monitoring at the Decatur, Ill., CO2 sequestration demonstration site, in Energy Procedia, v. 63, Austin, Texas, October 5-9, 2014, p. 4264-4272, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.461.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"4264","endPage":"4272","ipdsId":"IP-059770","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472559,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.461","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":350341,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","city":"Decatur","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.08744812011719,\n 39.74626606218367\n ],\n [\n -88.79631042480467,\n 39.74626606218367\n ],\n [\n -88.79631042480467,\n 39.95291166179976\n ],\n [\n -89.08744812011719,\n 39.95291166179976\n ],\n [\n -89.08744812011719,\n 39.74626606218367\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"63","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a61003fe4b06e28e9c253b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kaven, J. 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A landscape management framework that incorporates all systems, across the spectrum of degrees of alteration, provides a fuller set of options for how and when to intervene, uses limited resources more effectively, and increases the chances of achieving management goals. That many ecosystems have departed so substantially from their historical trajectory that they defy conventional restoration is not in dispute. Acknowledging novel ecosystems need not constitute a threat to existing policy and management approaches. Rather, the development of an integrated approach to management interventions can provide options that are in tune with the current reality of rapid ecosystem change.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1890/130300","usgsCitation":"Hobbs, R.J., Higgs, E.S., Hall, C.M., Bridgewater, P., Chapin, F.S., Ewel, J.J., Ellis, E.C., Hallett, L.M., Harris, J., Hulvey, K.B., Jackson, S.T., Kennedy, P.L., Kueffer, C., Lach, L., Lantz, T.C., Lugo, A.E., Mascaro, J., Murphy, S.D., Nelson, C., Perring, M.P., Richardson, D.M., Seastedt, T., Standish, R.J., Starzomski, B.M., Suding, K.N., Tognetti, P.M., Yakob, L., and Yung, L., 2014, Managing the whole landscape: Historical, hybrid, and novel ecosystems: Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, v. 12, no. 10, p. 557-564, https://doi.org/10.1890/130300.","startPage":"557","endPage":"564","numberOfPages":"8","ipdsId":"IP-052244","costCenters":[{"id":569,"text":"Southwest Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472568,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/130300","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":329517,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57ffdf00e4b0824b2d179d00","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hobbs, Richard J.","contributorId":175282,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hobbs","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":27556,"text":"University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":650676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Higgs, Eric S.","contributorId":175283,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Higgs","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":27557,"text":"University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":650677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hall, Carol M.","contributorId":175284,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hall","given":"Carol","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":27557,"text":"University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":650678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bridgewater, Peter","contributorId":175285,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bridgewater","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27558,"text":"United Nations University, Yokohama, Japan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":650679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chapin, F. 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magnitude and distance, using empirically derived coefficients (e.g., Bozorgniaet al., 2014); as such, these GMPEs do not clearly employ earthquake source parameters beyond moment magnitude (M) and focal mechanism. To better understand the magnitude‐dependent trends in the GMPEs, we build a comprehensive earthquake source‐based model to explain the magnitude dependence of peak ground acceleration and peak ground velocity in the NGA‐West 2 ground‐motion databases and GMPEs. Our model employs existing models (Hanks and McGuire, 1981; Boore, 1983, 1986; Anderson and Hough, 1984) that incorporate a point‐source Brune model, including a constant stress drop and the high‐frequency attenuation parameter κ0, random vibration theory, and a finite‐fault assumption at the large magnitudes to describe the data from magnitudes 3 to 8. We partition this range into four different magnitude regions, each of which has different functional dependences on M. Use of the four magnitude partitions separately allows greater understanding of what happens in any one subrange, as well as the limiting conditions between the subranges. This model provides a remarkably good fit to the NGA data for magnitudes from 3<M<8 at close rupture distances (Rrup≤20 km). We explore the trade‐offs between Δσ and κ0 in ground‐motion models and data, which play an important role in understanding small‐magnitude data, for which the corner frequency is masked by the attenuation of high frequencies. That this simple, source‐based model matches the NGA‐West 2 GMPEs and data so well suggests that considerable simplicity underlies the parametrically complex NGA GMPEs.
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