Areas of high electrical conductivity in shallow aquifers in the East Poplar oil field area were delineated by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Fort Peck Assiniboine and Sioux Tribes, in order to interpret areas of saline-water contamination. Ground, airborne, and borehole geophysical data were collected in the East Poplar oil field area from 1992 through 2005 as part of this delineation. This report presents borehole geophysical data for thirty-two wells that were collected during 1993, 2004, and 2005 in the East Poplar oil field study area. Natural-gamma and induction instruments were used to provide information about the lithology and conductivity of the soil, rock, and water matrix adjacent to and within the wells. The well logs were also collected to provide subsurface controls for interpretation of a helicopter electromagnetic survey flown over most of the East Poplar oil field in 2004. The objective of the USGS studies was to improve understanding of aquifer hydrogeology particularly in regard to variations in water quality.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131288","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Office of Environmental Protection of the Fort Peck Tribes","usgsCitation":"Smith, B.D., Thamke, J.N, and Tyrrell, Christa, 2014, Borehole geophysical data for the East Poplar oil field area, Fort Peck Indian Reservation, northeastern Montana, 1993, 2004, and 2005 (ver. 1.1, November 2020): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013–1288, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131288.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 11 p.; Appendix","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-045027","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":379880,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1288/pdf/ofr2013-1288_Revised.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.53 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2013–1288"},{"id":379881,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1288/ofr20131288_appendix_1","text":"Appendix 1","linkHelpText":"— Plots of Digital Geophysical Logs"},{"id":282603,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1288/images/coverthb3.jpg"},{"id":379882,"rank":4,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1288/versionHist.txt","size":"2.96 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"OFR 2013–1288 Version History"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Fort Peck Indian Reservation","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -106.0,48.0 ], [ -106.0,48.5 ], [ -105.0,48.5 ], [ -105.0,48.0 ], [ -106.0,48.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0: February 20, 2014; Version 1.1: November 18, 2020","contact":"Director, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS 964
Denver, CO 80225
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, is studying the fate and transport of waste solutes in the eastern Snake River Plain (ESRP) aquifer at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) in eastern Idaho. This effort requires an understanding of the natural and anthropogenic geochemistry of groundwater at the INL and of the important physical and chemical processes controlling the geochemistry. In this study, the USGS applied geochemical modeling to investigate the geochemistry of groundwater in the Beaver and Camas Creek drainage basins, which provide groundwater recharge to the ESRP aquifer underlying the northeastern part of the INL.
\nData used in this study include petrology and mineralogy from 2 sediment and 3 rock samples, and water-quality analyses from 4 surface-water and 18 groundwater samples. The mineralogy of the sediment and rock samples was analyzed with X-ray diffraction, and the mineralogy and petrology of the rock samples were examined in thin sections. The water samples were analyzed for field parameters, major ions, silica, nutrients, dissolved organic carbon, trace elements, tritium, and the stable isotope ratios of hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, sulfur, and nitrogen.
\nGroundwater geochemistry was influenced by reactions with rocks of the geologic terranes—carbonate rocks, rhyolite, basalt, evaporite deposits, and sediment comprised of all of these rocks. Agricultural practices near and south of Dubois and application of road anti-icing liquids on U.S. Interstate Highway 15 were likely sources of nitrate, chloride, calcium, and magnesium to groundwater.
\nGroundwater geochemistry was successfully modeled in the alluvial aquifer in Camas Meadows and the ESRP fractured basalt aquifer using the geochemical modeling code PHREEQC. The primary geochemical processes appear to be precipitation or dissolution of calcite and dissolution of silicate minerals. Dissolution of evaporite minerals, associated with Pleistocene Lake Terreton, is an important contributor of solutes in the Mud Lake-Dubois area. Oxidation-reduction reactions are important influences on the chemistry of groundwater at Camas Meadows and the Camas National Wildlife Refuge. In addition, mixing of different groundwaters or surface water with groundwater appears to be an important physical process influencing groundwater geochemistry in much of the study area, and evaporation may be an important physical process influencing the groundwater geochemistry of the Camas National Wildlife Refuge. The mass-balance modeling results from this study provide an explanation of the natural geochemistry of groundwater in the ESRP aquifer northeast of the INL, and thus provide a starting point for evaluating the natural and anthropogenic geochemistry of groundwater at the INL.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135226","collaboration":"DOE/ID-22227. Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy","usgsCitation":"Rattray, G.W., and Ginsbach, M.L., 2014, Geochemistry of groundwater in the Beaver and Camas Creek drainage basins, eastern Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5226, viii, 70 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135226.","productDescription":"viii, 70 p.","numberOfPages":"82","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-037491","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282086,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135226.jpg"},{"id":282084,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5226/"},{"id":282085,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5226/pdf/sir2013-5226.pdf"}],"datum":"NAD 1927","country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Beaver Creek;Camas Creek;Camas National Wildlife Refuge;Eastern Snake River Plain","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -115.2006,41.9922 ], [ -115.2006,45.3019 ], [ -110.3906,45.3019 ], [ -110.3906,41.9922 ], [ -115.2006,41.9922 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5b02e4b0b290850f9bca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rattray, Gordon W. 0000-0002-1690-3218 grattray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1690-3218","contributorId":2521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rattray","given":"Gordon","email":"grattray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ginsbach, Michael L.","contributorId":56972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ginsbach","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70049006,"text":"ofr20121024E - 2014 - Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources: Greater Green River Basin, Wyoming, Colorado, and Utah, and Wyoming-Idaho-Utah Thrust Belt","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70049006,"text":"ofr20121024E - 2014 - Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources: Greater Green River Basin, Wyoming, Colorado, and Utah, and Wyoming-Idaho-Utah Thrust Belt","indexId":"ofr20121024E","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"chapter":"E","title":"Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources: Greater Green River Basin, Wyoming, Colorado, and Utah, and Wyoming-Idaho-Utah Thrust Belt"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70093199,"text":"ofr20121024 - 2012 - Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources","indexId":"ofr20121024","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70093199,"text":"ofr20121024 - 2012 - Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources","indexId":"ofr20121024","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources"},"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-21T11:37:38","indexId":"ofr20121024E","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-05T08:48:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1024","chapter":"E","title":"Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources: Greater Green River Basin, Wyoming, Colorado, and Utah, and Wyoming-Idaho-Utah Thrust Belt","docAbstract":"The 2007 Energy Independence and Security Act (Public Law 110–140) directs the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to conduct a national assessment of potential geologic storage resources for carbon dioxide (CO2). The methodology used by the USGS for the national CO2 assessment follows up on previous USGS work. The methodology is non-economic and intended to be used at regional to subbasinal scales. This report identifies and contains geologic descriptions of 14 storage assessment units (SAUs) in Ordovician to Upper Cretaceous sedimentary rocks within the Greater Green River Basin (GGRB) of Wyoming, Colorado, and Utah, and eight SAUs in Ordovician to Upper Cretaceous sedimentary rocks within the Wyoming-Idaho-Utah Thrust Belt (WIUTB). The GGRB and WIUTB are contiguous with nearly identical geologic units; however, the GGRB is larger in size, whereas the WIUTB is more structurally complex. This report focuses on the characteristics, specified in the methodology, that influence the potential CO2 storage resource in the SAUs. Specific descriptions of the SAU boundaries, as well as their sealing and reservoir units, are included. Properties for each SAU, such as depth to top, gross thickness, porosity, permeability, groundwater quality, and structural reservoir traps, are typically provided to illustrate geologic factors critical to the assessment. This geologic information was employed, as specified in the USGS methodology, to calculate a probabilistic distribution of potential storage resources in each SAU. Figures in this report show SAU boundaries and cell maps of well penetrations through sealing units into the top of the storage formations. The cell maps show the number of penetrating wells within one square mile and are derived from interpretations of variably attributed well data and a digital compilation that is known not to include all drilling.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources (Open-File Report 2012-1024)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121024E","usgsCitation":"Buursink, M.L., Slucher, E.R., Brennan, S.T., Doolan, C., Drake, R.M., Merrill, M., Warwick, P.D., Blondes, M., Freeman, P., Cahan, S.M., DeVera, C.A., and Lohr, C., 2014, Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources: Greater Green River Basin, Wyoming, Colorado, and Utah, and Wyoming-Idaho-Utah Thrust Belt: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1024, Report: viii, 50 p.; Data Downloads, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121024E.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 50 p.; Data Downloads","numberOfPages":"58","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-045140","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281986,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20121024E.jpg"},{"id":281982,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1024/e/","text":"Index Page","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":281984,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1024/e/downloads/Cell_C5036_C5037.zip","text":"Well Density","description":"Well Density"},{"id":281985,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1024/e/downloads/SAU_C5036_C5037.zip","text":"Storage Assessment Units","description":"Storage Assessment Units"},{"id":281983,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1024/e/pdf/of2012-1024e.pdf","text":"Report","size":"14.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Idaho, Utah, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.9619140625,\n 43.40903821777055\n ],\n [\n -110.41259765625,\n 43.41302868475145\n ],\n [\n -109.2041015625,\n 42.577354839557856\n ],\n [\n -108.6822509765625,\n 42.589488572714245\n ],\n [\n -106.9793701171875,\n 42.3016903282445\n ],\n [\n -106.907958984375,\n 41.21172151054787\n ],\n [\n -106.270751953125,\n 39.71986348549764\n ],\n [\n -106.666259765625,\n 39.690280594818034\n ],\n [\n -108.599853515625,\n 40.534676780615406\n ],\n [\n -109.039306640625,\n 40.90936126702326\n ],\n [\n -110.9619140625,\n 40.805493843894155\n ],\n [\n -110.6707763671875,\n 42.32200108060303\n ],\n [\n -110.9619140625,\n 43.40903821777055\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publicComments":"This report is Chapter E in Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources. For more information, see Open-File Report 2012-1024.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5bbae4b0b290850fa147","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buursink, Marc L. 0000-0001-6491-386X mbuursink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6491-386X","contributorId":3362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buursink","given":"Marc","email":"mbuursink@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Slucher, Ernie R. 0000-0002-5865-5734 eslucher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5865-5734","contributorId":3966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slucher","given":"Ernie","email":"eslucher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brennan, Sean T. 0000-0002-7102-9359 sbrennan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7102-9359","contributorId":559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brennan","given":"Sean","email":"sbrennan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doolan, Colin A. 0000-0002-7595-7566","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7595-7566","contributorId":26221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doolan","given":"Colin A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Drake, Ronald M. 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This assessment indicates the existence of technically recoverable gas hydrate resources—that is, resources that can be discovered, developed, and produced using current technology.\n\nThe approach used in this assessment followed standard geology-based USGS methodologies developed to assess conventional oil and gas resources. In order to use the USGS conventional assessment approach on gas hydrate resources, three-dimensional industry-acquired seismic data were analyzed. The analyses indicated that the gas hydrates on the North Slope occupy limited, discrete volumes of rock bounded by faults and downdip water contacts. This assessment approach also assumes that the resource can be produced by existing conventional technology, on the basis of limited field testing and numerical production models of gas hydrate-bearing reservoirs.\n\nThe area assessed in northern Alaska extends from the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska on the west through the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge on the east and from the Brooks Range northward to the State-Federal offshore boundary (located 3 miles north of the coastline). This area consists mostly of Federal, State, and Native lands covering 55,894 square miles. Using the standard geology-based assessment methodology, the USGS estimated that the total undiscovered technically recoverable natural-gas resources in gas hydrates in northern Alaska range between 25.2 and 157.8 trillion cubic feet, representing 95 percent and 5 percent probabilities of greater than these amounts, respectively, with a mean estimate of 85.4 trillion cubic feet.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds69CC","collaboration":"Available on CD-ROM contact Energy Team CD Distribution","usgsCitation":"USGS AK Gas Hydrate Assessment Team: Collett, T.S., Agena, W.F., Lee, M.W., Lewis, K.A., Zyrianova, M.V., Bird, K.J., Charpentier, R., Cook, T.A., Houseknecht, D.W., Klett, T., and Pollastro, R.M., 2014, National Assessment of Oil and Gas Project: geologic assessment of undiscovered gas hydrate resources on the North Slope, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 69, Report: vii, 101 p.; ReadMe; Executive 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Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zyrianova, Margarita V. 0000-0002-3669-1320 rita@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3669-1320","contributorId":1203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zyrianova","given":"Margarita","email":"rita@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":485804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bird, Kenneth J. kbird@usgs.gov","contributorId":1015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bird","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbird@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Charpentier, Ronald R. charpentier@usgs.gov","contributorId":934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Charpentier","given":"Ronald R.","email":"charpentier@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":485802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Cook, Troy A.","contributorId":52519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"Troy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Houseknecht, David W. 0000-0002-9633-6910 dhouse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9633-6910","contributorId":645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houseknecht","given":"David","email":"dhouse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Klett, Timothy R. 0000-0001-9779-1168 tklett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9779-1168","contributorId":709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klett","given":"Timothy R.","email":"tklett@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":485801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Pollastro, Richard M.","contributorId":25100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollastro","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70058636,"text":"sir20135228 - 2014 - Simulation of groundwater flow in the Edwards-Trinity and related aquifers in the Pecos County region, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-05T12:36:54","indexId":"sir20135228","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T13:28:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5228","title":"Simulation of groundwater flow in the Edwards-Trinity and related aquifers in the Pecos County region, Texas","docAbstract":"The Edwards-Trinity aquifer is a vital groundwater resource for agricultural, industrial, and public supply uses in the Pecos County region of western Texas. The U.S. Geological Survey completed a comprehensive, integrated analysis of available hydrogeologic data to develop a numerical groundwater-flow model of the Edwards-Trinity and related aquifers in the study area in parts of Brewster, Jeff Davis, Pecos, and Reeves Counties. The active model area covers about 3,400 square miles of the Pecos County region of Texas west of the Pecos River, and its boundaries were defined to include the saturated areas of the Edwards-Trinity aquifer. The model is a five-layer representation of the Pecos Valley, Edwards-Trinity, Dockum, and Rustler aquifers. The Pecos Valley aquifer is referred to as the alluvial layer, and the Edwards-Trinity aquifer is divided into layers representing the Edwards part of the Edwards-Trinity aquifer and the Trinity part of the Edwards-Trinity aquifer, respectively. The calibration period of the simulation extends from 1940 to 2010. Simulated hydraulic heads generally were in good agreement with observed values; 1,684 out of 2,860 (59 percent) of the simulated values were within 25 feet of the observed value. The average root mean square error value of hydraulic head for the Edwards-Trinity aquifer was 34.2 feet, which was approximately 4 percent of the average total observed change in groundwater-level altitude (groundwater level). Simulated spring flow representing Comanche Springs exhibits a pattern similar to observed spring flow. Independent geochemical modeling corroborates results of simulated groundwater flow that indicates groundwater in the Edwards-Trinity aquifer in the Leon-Belding and Fort Stockton areas is a mixture of recharge from the Barilla and Davis Mountains and groundwater that has upwelled from the Rustler aquifer.
\nThe model was used to simulate groundwater-level altitudes resulting from prolonged pumping to evaluate sustainability of current and projected water-use demands. Each of three scenarios utilized a continuation of the calibrated model. Scenario 1 extended recent (2008) irrigation and nonirrigation pumping values for a 30-year period from 2010 to 2040. Projected groundwater-level changes in and around the Fort Stockton area under scenario 1 change little from current conditions, indicating that the groundwater system is near equilibrium with respect to recent (2008) pumping stress. Projected groundwater-level declines in the eastern part of the model area ranging from 5.0 to 15.0 feet are likely the result of nonequilibrium conditions associated with recent increases in pumping after a prolonged water-level recovery period of little or no pumping. Projected groundwater-level declines (from 15.0 to 31.0 feet) occurred in localized areas by the end of scenario 1 in the Leon-Belding area. Scenario 2 evaluated the effects of extended recent (2008) pumping rates as assigned in scenario 1 with year-round maximum permitted pumping rates in the Belding area. Results of scenario 2 are similar in water-level decline and extent as those of scenario 1. The extent of the projected groundwater-level decline in the range from 5.0 to 15.0 feet in the Leon-Belding irrigation area expanded slightly (about a 2-percent increase) from that of scenario 1. Maximum projected groundwater-level declines in the Leon-Belding irrigation area were approximately 31.3 feet in small isolated areas. Scenario 3 evaluated the effects of periodic increases in pumping rates over the 30-year extended period. Results of scenario 3 are similar to those of scenario 2 in terms of the areas of groundwater-level decline; however, the maximum projected groundwater-level decline increased to approximately 34.5 feet in the Leon-Belding area, and the extent of the decline was larger in area (about a 17-percent increase) than that of scenario 2. Additionally, the area of projected groundwater-level declines in the eastern part of the model area increased from that of scenario 2—two individual areas of decline coalesced into one larger area. The localized nature of the projected groundwater-level declines is a reflection of the high degree of fractured control on storage and hydraulic conductivity in the Edwards-Trinity aquifer. Additionally, the finding that simulated spring flow is highly dependent on the transient nature of hydraulic heads in the underlying aquifer indicates the importance of adequately understanding and characterizing the entire groundwater system.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135228","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Middle Pecos Groundwater Conservation District, Pecos County, City of Fort Stockton, Brewster County, and Pecos County Water Control and Improvement District No. 1","usgsCitation":"Clark, B.R., Bumgarner, J.R., Houston, N.A., and Foster, A.L., 2014, Simulation of groundwater flow in the Edwards-Trinity and related aquifers in the Pecos County region, Texas (First posted February 14, 2014; Revised and reposted August 5, 2014, version 1.1): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5228, viii, 55 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135228.","productDescription":"viii, 55 p.","numberOfPages":"67","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052736","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282423,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135228.jpg"},{"id":282420,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5228/pdf/sir2013-5228.pdf"},{"id":282422,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5228/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Pecos County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.5,30.5 ], [ -104.5,31.5 ], [ -101.5,31.5 ], [ -101.5,30.5 ], [ -104.5,30.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"First posted February 14, 2014; Revised and reposted August 5, 2014, version 1.1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53e3414ae4b0567f2770196a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Brian R. 0000-0001-6611-3807 brclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6611-3807","contributorId":1502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Brian","email":"brclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":38131,"text":"WMA - Office of Planning and Programming","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bumgarner, Johnathan R. jbumgarner@usgs.gov","contributorId":5378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bumgarner","given":"Johnathan","email":"jbumgarner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":487214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Houston, Natalie A. 0000-0002-6071-4545 nhouston@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6071-4545","contributorId":1682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houston","given":"Natalie","email":"nhouston@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Foster, Adam L.","contributorId":28944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"Adam","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70159439,"text":"70159439 - 2014 - Mineral resource of the month: Iron and steel","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-04T11:16:31","indexId":"70159439","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T12:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1419,"text":"Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineral resource of the month: Iron and steel","docAbstract":"Iron is one of the most abundant elements on Earth, but it does not occur in nature in a useful metallic form. Although ancient people may have recovered some iron from meteorites, it wasn’t until smelting was invented that iron metal could be derived from iron oxides. After the beginning of the Iron Age in about 1200 B.C., knowledge of iron- and steelmaking spread from the ancient Middle East through Greece to the Roman Empire, then to Europe and, in the early 17th century, to North America. The first successful furnace in North America began operating in 1646 in what is now Saugus, Mass. Introduction of the Bessemer converter in the mid-19th century made the modern steel age possible.
\nPig iron is a high-carbon alloy made by smelting iron ore in a blast furnace with carbonaceous material, typically coke, as a reducing agent. Limestone is added to the iron ore-coke charge as a fluxing agent to remove impurities. Steel is produced from pig iron by removing some of the carbon in a basic oxygen converter and adding several alloying elements, such as manganese, chromium, copper, nickel, titanium, molybdenum, tungsten and vanadium. Steel is also made by recycling ferrous scrap in an electric arc furnace.
\nThere are many grades of steel, but the three major types of steel are carbon, alloy and stainless. About 93 percent of the steel made in the United States is carbon steel, which contains a maximum 2 percent carbon. Applications are found in appliances, construction, shipbuilding, containers and packaging, as well as in the automotive, machinery and equipment industries. Alloy steel, about 5 percent of annual production, contains as much as 4 percent alloying elements. Special applications for alloy steel include use in machined parts and tool fabrication. Stainless steel, which accounts for about 2 percent of annual steel production, is formed by adding chromium and usually nickel to steel to make it highly corrosion-resistant.
\nSince 2008, steelmaking capacity has greatly exceeded apparent steel consumption, primarily as a result of China’s rapid economic expansion and rapidly increasing capacity. This has resulted in an influx of steel products into the United States and other steelmaking countries that already have excess capacity. Demand by China’s steelmakers has also driven unprecedented increases in the prices of iron ore and metallurgical coal. In the short term, steelmaking capacity, globally and especially in China, is expected to continue to exceed steel consumption, with steel prices and production costs remaining stable.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geological Institute","publisherLocation":"Alexandria, VA","usgsCitation":"Fenton, M.D., 2014, Mineral resource of the month: Iron and steel: Earth, HTML Document.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-069755","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311008,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":311007,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.earthmagazine.org/article/mineral-resource-month-iron-and-steel"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"563b3a45e4b0d6133fe75c6a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fenton, Michael D. mfenton@usgs.gov","contributorId":2897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fenton","given":"Michael","email":"mfenton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":578656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70073895,"text":"70073895 - 2014 - Geologic setting and stratigraphy of the Ziegler Reservoir fossil site, Snowmass Village, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-14T11:44:40","indexId":"70073895","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T09:44:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic setting and stratigraphy of the Ziegler Reservoir fossil site, Snowmass Village, Colorado","docAbstract":"The geologic setting of the Ziegler Reservoir fossil site is somewhat unusual – the sediments containing the Pleistocene fossils were deposited in a lake on top of a ridge. The lake basin was formed near the Town of Snowmass Village, Colorado when a glacier flowing down Snowmass Creek Valley became thick enough to overtop a low point in the eastern valley wall and entered the head of Brush Creek Valley. When the glacier retreated at the end of the marine isotope stage (MIS) 6, ~155-130 ka (thousands of years before present), the Brush Creek Valley lobe left behind a moraine that impounded a small alpine lake. The lake was initially ~10 m deep and was highly productive during most of its existence based on the abundant and exquisitely preserved organic material present in the sediments. Over time, the basin slowly filled with (mostly) eolian sediment such that by ~85 ka it contained more of a marsh or wetland than a true lake. Open water conditions returned briefly between ~75 and 55 ka before the impoundment was finally breached to the east, establishing ties with the Brush Creek drainage system and creating an alpine meadow that persisted until historic times.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.yqres.2013.12.011","usgsCitation":"Pigati, J.S., Miller, I.M., Johnson, K.R., Honke, J., Carrara, P.E., Muhs, D.R., Skipp, G., and Bryant, B., 2014, Geologic setting and stratigraphy of the Ziegler Reservoir fossil site, Snowmass Village, Colorado: Quaternary Research, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2013.12.011.","productDescription":"13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-051953","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282399,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":282397,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2013.12.011"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Snowmass Village","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -106.989321,39.155859 ], [ -106.989321,39.291971 ], [ -106.897133,39.291971 ], [ -106.897133,39.155859 ], [ -106.989321,39.155859 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517042e4b05569d805a229","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pigati, Jeff S.","contributorId":60114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pigati","given":"Jeff","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Ian M. 0000-0002-3289-6337","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3289-6337","contributorId":41951,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Ian","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Kirk R.","contributorId":16877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Kirk","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Honke, Jeffrey S.","contributorId":46412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Honke","given":"Jeffrey S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Carrara, Paul E. pcarrara@usgs.gov","contributorId":1342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carrara","given":"Paul","email":"pcarrara@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Muhs, Daniel R. 0000-0001-7449-251X dmuhs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-251X","contributorId":1857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhs","given":"Daniel","email":"dmuhs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Skipp, Gary","contributorId":6458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skipp","given":"Gary","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bryant, Bruce bbryant@usgs.gov","contributorId":1355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bryant","given":"Bruce","email":"bbryant@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70131489,"text":"70131489 - 2014 - Africa-wide monitoring of small surface water bodies using multisource satellite data: A monitoring system for FEWS NET","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-26T14:20:47.474944","indexId":"70131489","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"5","title":"Africa-wide monitoring of small surface water bodies using multisource satellite data: A monitoring system for FEWS NET","docAbstract":"Continental Africa has the highest volume of water stored in wetlands, large lakes, reservoirs, and rivers, yet it suffers from problems such as water availability and access. With climate change intensifying the hydrologic cycle and altering the distribution and frequency of rainfall, the problem of water availability and access will increase further. Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET) funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) has initiated a large-scale project to monitor small to medium surface water points in Africa. Under this project, multisource satellite data and hydrologic modeling techniques are integrated to monitor several hundreds of small to medium surface water points in Africa. This approach has been already tested to operationally monitor 41 water points in East Africa. The validation of modeled scaled depths with field-installed gauge data demonstrated the ability of the model to capture both the spatial patterns and seasonal variations. Modeled scaled estimates captured up to 60 % of the observed gauge variability with a mean root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 22 %. The data on relative water level, precipitation, and evapotranspiration (ETo) for water points in East and West Africa were modeled since 1998 and current information is being made available in near-real time. This chapter presents the approach, results from the East African study, and the first phase of expansion activities in the West Africa region. The water point monitoring network will be further expanded to cover much of sub-Saharan Africa. The goal of this study is to provide timely information on the water availability that would support already established FEWS NET activities in Africa. This chapter also presents the potential improvements in modeling approach to be implemented during future expansion in Africa.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nile River Basin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-02720-3_5","usgsCitation":"Velpuri, N.M., Senay, G.B., Rowland, J., Verdin, J.P., and Alemu, H., 2014, Africa-wide monitoring of small surface water bodies using multisource satellite data: A monitoring system for FEWS NET, chap. 5 of Nile River Basin, p. 69-95, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02720-3_5.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"69","endPage":"95","numberOfPages":"27","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052450","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296230,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Africa","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -21.796875,\n -35.17380831799957\n ],\n [\n -21.796875,\n 37.85750715625203\n ],\n [\n 51.50390625,\n 37.85750715625203\n ],\n [\n 51.50390625,\n -35.17380831799957\n ],\n [\n -21.796875,\n -35.17380831799957\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-02-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"546f10e3e4b057be23d4a73d","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Melesse, Assefa M.","contributorId":45044,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Melesse","given":"Assefa","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":7003,"text":"Deprtment of Earth & Environmental ECS 339, Florida Interational University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525612,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Abtew, Wossenu","contributorId":127536,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Abtew","given":"Wossenu","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7036,"text":"South Florida Water Management District","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525613,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Setegn, Shimelis G.","contributorId":127537,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Setegn","given":"Shimelis","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":7017,"text":"Florida International University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525614,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Velpuri, Naga Manohar 0000-0002-6370-1926 nvelpuri@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6370-1926","contributorId":4441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Velpuri","given":"Naga","email":"nvelpuri@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Manohar","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":521260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Senay, Gabriel B. 0000-0002-8810-8539 senay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-8539","contributorId":3114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senay","given":"Gabriel","email":"senay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":521261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rowland, James 0000-0003-4837-3511 rowland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4837-3511","contributorId":3108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowland","given":"James","email":"rowland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":521263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Verdin, James P. 0000-0003-0238-9657 verdin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0238-9657","contributorId":720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"James","email":"verdin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":521264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Alemu, Henok","contributorId":124527,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alemu","given":"Henok","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5087,"text":"Geographic Information Science Center of Excellence (GIScCE), South Dakota State University, Brookings, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":521262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70073833,"text":"ds820 - 2014 - Nutrient load summaries for major lakes and estuaries of the Eastern United States, 2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-18T13:52:08.876274","indexId":"ds820","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-31T10:38:54","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"820","title":"Nutrient load summaries for major lakes and estuaries of the Eastern United States, 2002","docAbstract":"Nutrient enrichment of lakes and estuaries across the Nation is widespread. Nutrient enrichment can stimulate excessive plant and algal growth and cause a number of undesirable effects that impair aquatic life and recreational activities and can also result in economic effects. Understanding the amount of nutrients entering lakes and estuaries, the physical characteristics affecting the nutrient processing within these receiving waterbodies, and the natural and manmade sources of nutrients is fundamental to the development of effective nutrient reduction strategies. To improve this understanding, sources and stream transport of nutrients to 255 major lakes and 64 estuaries in the Eastern United States were estimated using Spatially Referenced Regression on Watershed attributes (SPARROW) nutrient models.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds820","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Moorman, M.C., Hoos, A.B., Bricker, S.B., Moore, R.B., García, A., and Ator, S.W., 2014, Nutrient load summaries for major lakes and estuaries of the Eastern United States, 2002: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 820, Report: iv, 10 p.; Table 3A & 3B; 2 Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds820.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 10 p.; Table 3A & 3B; 2 Appendices","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-049636","costCenters":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science 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María","contributorId":9172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"García","given":"Ana María","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ator, Scott W. 0000-0002-9186-4837 swator@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9186-4837","contributorId":781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ator","given":"Scott","email":"swator@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":375,"text":"Maryland, Delaware, and the District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":489101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70192062,"text":"70192062 - 2014 - Distal facies variability within the Upper Triassic part of the Otuk Formation in northern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-07T20:59:17","indexId":"70192062","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Distal facies variability within the Upper Triassic part of the Otuk Formation in northern Alaska","docAbstract":"The Triassic-Jurassic Otuk Formation is a potentially important source rock in allochthonous structural positions in the northern foothills of the Brooks Range in the North Slope of Alaska. This study focuses on three localities of the Upper Triassic (Norian) limestone member, which form a present-day, 110-km-long, east-west transect in the central Brooks Range. All three sections are within the structurally lowest Endicott Mountain allochthon and are interpreted to have been deposited along a marine outer shelf with a ramp geometry.
The uppermost limestone member of the Otuk was chosen for this study in order to better understand lateral and vertical variability within carbonate source rocks, to aid prediction of organic richness, and ultimately, to evaluate the potential for these units to act as continuous (or unconventional) reservoirs. At each locality, 1 to 4 m sections of the limestone member were measured and sampled in detail to capture fine-scale features. Hand sample and thin section descriptions reveal four major microfacies in the study area, and one diagenetically recrystallized microfacies. Microfacies 1 and 2 are interpreted to represent redeposition of material by downslope transport, whereas microfacies 3 and 4 have high total organic carbon (TOC) values and are classified as primary depositional organofacies. Microfacies 3 is interpreted to have been deposited under primarily high productivity conditions, with high concentrations of radiolarian tests. Microfacies 4 was deposited under the lowest relative-oxygen conditions, but abundant thin bivalve shells indicate that the sediment-water interface was probably not anoxic.
The Otuk Formation is interpreted to have been deposited outboard of a southwest-facing ramp margin, with the location of the three limestone outcrops likely in relatively close proximity during deposition. All three sections have evidence of transported material, implying that the Triassic Alaskan Basin was not a low-energy, deep-water setting, but rather a dynamic system with intermittent, yet significant, downslope flow. Upwelling played an important role in the small-scale vertical variability in microfacies. The zone of upwelling and resultant oxygen-minimum zone may have migrated across the ramp during fourth- or fifth-order sea-level changes.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Deposits, architecture, and controls of carbonate margin, slope and basinal settings","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"SEPM Society for Sedimentary Geology","doi":"10.2110/sepmsp.105.16","usgsCitation":"Whidden, K.J., Dumoulin, J.A., Whalen, M., Hutton, E., Moore, T.E., and Gaswirth, S.B., 2014, Distal facies variability within the Upper Triassic part of the Otuk Formation in northern Alaska, chap. of Deposits, architecture, and controls of carbonate margin, slope and basinal settings, v. 105, https://doi.org/10.2110/sepmsp.105.16.","ipdsId":"IP-037443","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348875,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Otuk Formation","volume":"105","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a6100c8e4b06e28e9c2540d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whidden, Katherine J. 0000-0002-7841-2553 kwhidden@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7841-2553","contributorId":3960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whidden","given":"Katherine","email":"kwhidden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dumoulin, Julie A. 0000-0003-1754-1287 dumoulin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1754-1287","contributorId":203209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dumoulin","given":"Julie","email":"dumoulin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Whalen, M.T.","contributorId":197673,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whalen","given":"M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":714047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hutton, E.","contributorId":197672,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hutton","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":714046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Moore, Thomas E. 0000-0002-0878-0457 tmoore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0878-0457","contributorId":127538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Thomas","email":"tmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gaswirth, Stephanie B. 0000-0001-5821-6347 sgaswirth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5821-6347","contributorId":150417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaswirth","given":"Stephanie","email":"sgaswirth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70074652,"text":"70074652 - 2014 - Dynamics of submarine groundwater discharge and associated fluxes of dissolved nutrients, carbon, and trace gases to the coastal zone (Okatee River estuary, South Carolina)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-30T13:46:11","indexId":"70074652","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-30T08:28:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dynamics of submarine groundwater discharge and associated fluxes of dissolved nutrients, carbon, and trace gases to the coastal zone (Okatee River estuary, South Carolina)","docAbstract":"Multiple techniques, including thermal infrared aerial remote sensing, geophysical and geological data, geochemical characterization and radium isotopes, were used to evaluate the role of groundwater as a source of dissolved nutrients, carbon, and trace gases to the Okatee River estuary, South Carolina. Thermal infrared aerial remote sensing surveys illustrated the presence of multiple submarine groundwater discharge sites in Okatee headwaters. Significant relationships were observed between groundwater geochemical constituents and 226Ra activity in groundwater with higher 226Ra activity correlated to higher concentrations of organics, dissolved inorganic carbon, nutrients, and trace gases to the Okatee system. A system-level radium mass balance confirmed a substantial submarine groundwater discharge contribution of these constituents to the Okatee River. Diffusive benthic flux measurements and potential denitrification rate assays tracked the fate of constituents in creek bank sediments. Diffusive benthic fluxes were substantially lower than calculated radium-based submarine groundwater discharge inputs, showing that advection of groundwater-derived nutrients dominated fluxes in the system. While a considerable potential for denitrification in tidal creek bank sediments was noted, in situ denitrification rates were nitrate-limited, making intertidal sediments an inefficient nitrogen sink in this system. Groundwater geochemical data indicated significant differences in groundwater chemical composition and radium activity ratios between the eastern and western sides of the river; these likely arose from the distinct hydrological regimes observed in each area. Groundwater from the western side of the Okatee headwaters was characterized by higher concentrations of dissolved organic and inorganic carbon, dissolved organic nitrogen, inorganic nutrients and reduced metabolites and trace gases, i.e. methane and nitrous oxide, than groundwater from the eastern side. Differences in microbial sulfate reduction, organic matter supply, and/or groundwater residence time likely contributed to this pattern. The contrasting features of the east and west sub-marsh zones highlight the need for multiple techniques for characterization of submarine groundwater discharge sources and the impact of biogeochemical processes on the delivery of nutrients and carbon to coastal areas via submarine groundwater discharge.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2013.12.030","usgsCitation":"Porubsky, W., Weston, N., Moore, W., Ruppel, C., and Joye, S., 2014, Dynamics of submarine groundwater discharge and associated fluxes of dissolved nutrients, carbon, and trace gases to the coastal zone (Okatee River estuary, South Carolina): Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 131, p. 81-97, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2013.12.030.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"97","numberOfPages":"17","ipdsId":"IP-051744","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281785,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281783,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2013.12.030"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Okatee River Estuary","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -80.95,32.26 ], [ -80.95,32.3 ], [ -80.9,32.3 ], [ -80.9,32.26 ], [ -80.95,32.26 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"131","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517035e4b05569d805a1d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Porubsky, W.P.","contributorId":32000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porubsky","given":"W.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weston, N.B.","contributorId":33221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weston","given":"N.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moore, W.S.","contributorId":90875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"W.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ruppel, C.","contributorId":82050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppel","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Joye, S.B.","contributorId":97266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joye","given":"S.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70157381,"text":"70157381 - 2014 - Deep long-period earthquakes west of the volcanic arc in Oregon: evidence of serpentine dehydration in the fore-arc mantle wedge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-14T08:29:03","indexId":"70157381","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-28T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deep long-period earthquakes west of the volcanic arc in Oregon: evidence of serpentine dehydration in the fore-arc mantle wedge","docAbstract":"Here we report on deep long-period earthquakes (DLPs) newly observed in four places in western Oregon. The DLPs are noteworthy for their location within the subduction fore arc: 40–80 km west of the volcanic arc, well above the slab, and near the Moho. These “offset DLPs” occur near the top of the inferred stagnant mantle wedge, which is likely to be serpentinized and cold. The lack of fore-arc DLPs elsewhere along the arc suggests that localized heating may be dehydrating the serpentinized mantle wedge at these latitudes and causing DLPs by dehydration embrittlement. Higher heat flow in this region could be introduced by anomalously hot mantle, associated with the western migration of volcanism across the High Lava Plains of eastern Oregon, entrained in the corner flow proximal to the mantle wedge. Alternatively, fluids rising from the subducting slab through the mantle wedge may be the source of offset DLPs. As far as we know, these are among the first DLPs to be observed in the fore arc of a subduction-zone system.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1002/2013GL059118","usgsCitation":"Vidale, J.E., Schmidt, D.A., Malone, S.D., Hotovec-Ellis, A.J., Moran, S.C., Creager, K.C., and Houston, H., 2014, Deep long-period earthquakes west of the volcanic arc in Oregon: evidence of serpentine dehydration in the fore-arc mantle wedge: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 41, no. 2, p. 370-376, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013GL059118.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"370","endPage":"376","numberOfPages":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052448","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308429,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5191","title":"Simulated and observed 2010 flood-water elevations in selected river reaches in the Moshassuck and Woonasquatucket River Basins, Rhode Island","docAbstract":"Heavy persistent rains from late February through March 2010 caused severe flooding and set, or nearly set, peaks of record for streamflows and water levels at many long-term U.S. Geological Survey streamgages in Rhode Island. In response to this flood, hydraulic models were updated for selected reaches covering about 33 river miles in Moshassuck and Woonasquatucket River Basins from the most recent approved Federal Emergency Management Agency flood insurance study (FIS) to simulate water-surface elevations (WSEs) from specified flows and boundary conditions. Reaches modeled include the main stem of the Moshassuck River and its main tributary, the West River, and three tributaries to the West River—Upper Canada Brook, Lincoln Downs Brook, and East Branch West River; and the main stem of the Woonasquatucket River. All the hydraulic models were updated to Hydrologic Engineering Center-River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) version 4.1.0 and incorporate new field-survey data at structures, high-resolution land-surface elevation data, and flood flows from a related study.
\nThe models were used to simulate steady-state WSEs at the 1- and 2-percent annual exceedance probability (AEP) flows, which is the estimated AEP of the 2010 flood in the Moshassuck River Basin and the Woonasquatucket River, respectively. The simulated WSEs were compared to the high-water mark (HWM) elevation data obtained in these basins in a related study following the March–April 2010 flood, which included 18 HWMs along the Moshassuck River and 45 HWMs along the Woonasquatucket River. Differences between the 2010 HWMs and the simulated 2- and 1-percent AEP WSEs from the FISs and the updated models developed in this study varied along the reach. Most differences could be attributed to the magnitude of the 2- and 1-percent AEP flows used in the FIS and updated model flows. Overall, the updated model and the FIS WSEs were not appreciably different when compared to the observed 2010 HWMs along the Woonasquatucket and Moshassuck Rivers.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135191","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Homeland Security-Federal Emergency Management Agency","usgsCitation":"Zarriello, P.J., Straub, D.E., and Westenbroek, S.M., 2014, Simulated and observed 2010 flood-water elevations in selected river reaches in the Moshassuck and Woonasquatucket River Basins, Rhode Island: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5191, Report: v, 35 p.; Tables 3 and 4; Appendix 1, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135191.","productDescription":"Report: v, 35 p.; Tables 3 and 4; Appendix 1","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-042651","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281550,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135191.jpg"},{"id":281546,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5191/"},{"id":281547,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5191/pdf/sir2013-5191.pdf"},{"id":281548,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5191/tables/sir2013-5191_Tables3and4.xlsx"},{"id":281549,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5191/appendix/sir2013-5191_Appendix1.xls"}],"projection":"Polyconic projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Rhode Island","otherGeospatial":"East Branch West River;Lincoln Downs Brook;Moshassuck River Basin;Upper Canada Brook;West River;Woonasquatucket River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -71.698837,41.7498 ], [ -71.698837,42.022263 ], [ -71.29921,42.022263 ], [ -71.29921,41.7498 ], [ -71.698837,41.7498 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd72c5e4b0b29085108858","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zarriello, Phillip J. 0000-0001-9598-9904 pzarriel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9598-9904","contributorId":1868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zarriello","given":"Phillip","email":"pzarriel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Straub, David E. destraub@usgs.gov","contributorId":1908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Straub","given":"David","email":"destraub@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":489301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Westenbroek, Stephen M. 0000-0002-6284-8643 smwesten@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6284-8643","contributorId":2210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Westenbroek","given":"Stephen","email":"smwesten@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70048762,"text":"70048762 - 2014 - A previously unrecognized path of early Holocene base flow and elevated discharge from Lake Minong to Lake Chippewa across eastern Upper Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-23T14:33:14","indexId":"70048762","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-22T13:10:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1727,"text":"GSA Special Papers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A previously unrecognized path of early Holocene base flow and elevated discharge from Lake Minong to Lake Chippewa across eastern Upper Michigan","docAbstract":"It has long been hypothesized that flux of fresh meltwater from glacial Lake Minong in North America's Superior Basin to the North Atlantic Ocean triggered rapid climatic shifts during the early Holocene. The spatial context of recent support for this idea demands a reevaluation of the exit point of meltwater from the Superior Basin. We used ground penetrating radar (GPR), foundation borings from six highway bridges, a GIS model of surface topography, geologic maps, U.S. Department of Agriculture–Natural Resources Conservation Service soils maps, and well logs to investigate the possible linkage of Lake Minong with Lake Chippewa in the Lake Michigan Basin across eastern Upper Michigan. GPR suggests that a connecting channel lies buried beneath the present interlake divide at Danaher. A single optical age hints that the channel aggraded to 225 m as elevated receipt of Lake Agassiz meltwater in the Superior Basin began to wane <10.6 ka. The large supply of sediment required to accommodate aggradation was immediately available at the channel's edge in the littoral shelves of abandoned Lake Algonquin and in distal parts of post-Algonquin fans. As discharge decreased further, the aggraded channel floor was quickly breached and interbasin flow to Lake Chippewa was restored. Basal radiocarbon ages on wood from small lakes along the discharge path and a GIS model of Minong's shoreline are consistent with another transgression of Minong after ca. 9.5 ka. At the peak of the latter transgression, the southeastern rim of the Superior Basin (Nadoway Drift Barrier) failed, ending Lake Minong. Upon Minong's final drop, aggradational sediments were deposited at Danaher, infilling the prior breach.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"GSA Special Papers","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2014.2508(01)","usgsCitation":"Loope, W.L., Jol, H.M., Fisher, T.G., Blewett, W.L., Loope, H.M., and Legg, R.J., 2014, A previously unrecognized path of early Holocene base flow and elevated discharge from Lake Minong to Lake Chippewa across eastern Upper Michigan: GSA Special Papers, v. 508, p. 1-13, https://doi.org/10.1130/2014.2508(01).","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"13","ipdsId":"IP-051112","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294371,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294370,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2014.2508(01)"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Lake Superior","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -84.6753,46.4146 ], [ -84.6753,46.5054 ], [ -84.527,46.5054 ], [ -84.527,46.4146 ], [ -84.6753,46.4146 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"508","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5422bb09e4b08312ac7ceec9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loope, Walter L. wloope@usgs.gov","contributorId":4616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loope","given":"Walter","email":"wloope@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jol, Harry M.","contributorId":11571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jol","given":"Harry","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fisher, Timothy G.","contributorId":45659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blewett, William L.","contributorId":57031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blewett","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Loope, Henry M.","contributorId":79381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loope","given":"Henry","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Legg, Robert J.","contributorId":30527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Legg","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70179213,"text":"70179213 - 2014 - Lithologic influences on groundwater recharge through incised glacial till from profile to regional scales: Evidence from glaciated Eastern Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-22T09:21:02","indexId":"70179213","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lithologic influences on groundwater recharge through incised glacial till from profile to regional scales: Evidence from glaciated Eastern Nebraska","docAbstract":"Variability in sediment hydraulic properties associated with landscape depositional and erosional features can influence groundwater recharge processes by affecting soil-water storage and transmission. This study considers recharge to aquifers underlying river-incised glaciated terrain where the distribution of clay-rich till is largely intact in upland locations but has been removed by alluvial erosion in stream valleys. In a stream-dissected glacial region in eastern Nebraska (Great Plains region of the United States), recharge estimates were developed for nested profile, aquifer, and regional scales using unsaturated zone profile measurements (matric potentials, Cl- and 3H), groundwater tracers (CFC-12 and SF6), and a remote sensing-assisted water balance model. Results show a consistent influence of till lithology on recharge rates across nested spatial scales despite substantial uncertainty in all recharge estimation methods, suggesting that minimal diffuse recharge occurs through upland glacial till lithology whereas diffuse recharge occurs in river valleys where till is locally absent. Diffuse recharge is estimated to account for a maximum of 61% of total recharge based on comparison of diffuse recharge estimated from the unsaturated zone (0-43 mm yr-1) and total recharge estimated from groundwater tracers (median 58 mm yr-1) and water balance modeling (median 56 mm yr-1). The results underscore the importance of lithologic controls on the distributions of both recharge rates and mechanisms.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1002/2013WR014073","usgsCitation":"Gates, J.B., Steele, G.V., Nasta, P., and Szilagyi, J., 2014, Lithologic influences on groundwater recharge through incised glacial till from profile to regional scales: Evidence from glaciated Eastern Nebraska: Water Resources Research, v. 50, no. 1, p. 466-481, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013WR014073.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"466","endPage":"481","ipdsId":"IP-045391","costCenters":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332457,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n 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gvsteele@usgs.gov","contributorId":783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steele","given":"Gregory","email":"gvsteele@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":656408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nasta, Paolo","contributorId":177626,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nasta","given":"Paolo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Szilagyi, Jozsef","contributorId":177627,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Szilagyi","given":"Jozsef","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70157143,"text":"70157143 - 2014 - Evaluating CO2 and CH4 dynamics of Alaskan ecosystems during the Holocene Thermal Maximum","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-08T11:57:24.879652","indexId":"70157143","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Evaluating CO2 and CH4 dynamics of Alaskan ecosystems during the Holocene Thermal Maximum","title":"Evaluating CO2 and CH4 dynamics of Alaskan ecosystems during the Holocene Thermal Maximum","docAbstract":"The Arctic has experienced much greater warming than the global average in recent decades due to polar amplification. Warming has induced ecological changes that have impacted climate carbon-cycle feedbacks, making it important to understand the climate and vegetation controls on carbon (C) dynamics. Here we used the Holocene Thermal Maximum (HTM, 11–9 ka BP, 1 ka BP = 1000 cal yr before present) in Alaska as a case study to examine how ecosystem Cdynamics responded to the past warming climate using an integrated approach of combining paleoecological reconstructions and ecosystem modeling. Our paleoecological synthesis showed expansion of deciduous broadleaf forest (dominated by Populus) into tundra and the establishment of boreal evergreen needleleaf and mixed forest during the second half of the HTM under a warmer- and wetter-than-before climate, coincident with the occurrence of the highest net primary productivity, cumulative net ecosystem productivity, soil C accumulation and CH4 emissions. These series of ecological and biogeochemical shifts mirrored the solar insolation and subsequent temperature and precipitation patterns during HTM, indicating the importance of climate controls on C dynamics. Our simulated regional estimate of CH4 emission rates from Alaska during the HTM ranged from 3.5 to 6.4 Tg CH4 yr−1 and highest annual NPP of 470 Tg C yr−1, significantly higher than previously reported modern estimates. Our results show that the differences in static vegetation distribution maps used in simulations of different time slices have greater influence on modeled C dynamics than climatic fields within each time slice, highlighting the importance of incorporating vegetation community dynamics and their responses to climatic conditions in long-term biogeochemical modeling.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.12.019","usgsCitation":"He, Y., Jones, M.C., Zhuang, Q., Bochicchio, C., Felzer, B.S., Mason, E., and Yu, Z., 2014, Evaluating CO2 and CH4 dynamics of Alaskan ecosystems during the Holocene Thermal Maximum: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 86, p. 63-77, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.12.019.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"63","endPage":"77","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053302","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308338,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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S.","contributorId":147519,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Felzer","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":16857,"text":"Lehigh Univ.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mason, Erik","contributorId":147520,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mason","given":"Erik","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Yu, Zicheng 0000-0003-2358-2712","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2358-2712","contributorId":147521,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yu","given":"Zicheng","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16857,"text":"Lehigh Univ.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70057601,"text":"sim3279 - 2014 - Geologic map of the eastern quarter of the Flagstaff 30’ x 60’ quadrangle, Coconino County, northern Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-26T15:13:09.238939","indexId":"sim3279","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-20T09:02:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3279","title":"Geologic map of the eastern quarter of the Flagstaff 30’ x 60’ quadrangle, Coconino County, northern Arizona","docAbstract":"The eastern quarter of the Flagstaff 30′ x 60′ quadrangle includes eight USGS 1:24,000-scale quadrangles in Coconino County, northern Arizona (fig. 1, map sheet): Anderson Canyon, Babbitt Wash, Canyon Diablo, Grand Falls, Grand Falls SE, Grand Falls SW, Grand Falls NE, and Meteor Crater. The map is bounded by lat 35° to 35°30′ N. and long 111° to 111°15′ W. and is on the southern part of the Colorado Plateaus geologic province (herein Colorado Plateau). Elevations range from 4,320 ft (1,317 m) at the Little Colorado River in the northwest corner of the map area to about 6,832 ft (2,082 m) at the southwest corner of the map.\n\nThis geologic map provides an updated geologic framework for the eastern quarter of the Flagstaff 30′ x 60′ quadrangle and is adjacent to two other recent geologic maps, the Cameron and Winslow 30′ x 60′ quadrangles (Billingsley and others, 2007, 2013).\n\nThis geologic map is the product of a cooperative effort between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the Navajo Nation. It provides geologic information for resource management officials of the U.S. Forest Service, the Arizona Game and Fish Department, and the Navajo Nation Reservation (herein the Navajo Nation). Funding for the map was provided by the USGS geologic mapping program, Reston, Virginia. Field work on the Navajo Nation was conducted under a permit from the Navajo Nation Minerals Department. Any persons wishing to conduct geologic investigations on the Navajo Nation must first apply for, and receive, a permit from the Navajo Nation Minerals Department, P.O. Box 1910, Window Rock, Arizona 86515, telephone (928) 871-6587.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3279","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Navajo Nation Minerals Department","usgsCitation":"Billingsley, G.H., Block, D.L., and Hiza-Redsteer, M., 2014, Geologic map of the eastern quarter of the Flagstaff 30’ x 60’ quadrangle, Coconino County, northern Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3279, Report: ii, 24 p.; 1 Plate: 42.0 x 55.0 inches; Readme; Metadata; Database, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3279.","productDescription":"Report: ii, 24 p.; 1 Plate: 42.0 x 55.0 inches; Readme; Metadata; Database","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-041646","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281271,"rank":7,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim3279.jpg"},{"id":417496,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_99515.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":281270,"rank":1,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3279/downloads/sim3279_database.zip"},{"id":281268,"rank":6,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3279/downloads/sim3279_readme.txt","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":281267,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3279/pdf/sim3279.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":281264,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3279/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":281266,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3279/pdf/sim3279_pamphlet.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":281269,"rank":4,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3279/downloads/sim3279_metadata.txt"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","county":"Coconino County","city":"Flagstaff","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.35,35.0 ], [ -111.35,35.5 ], [ -111.0,35.5 ], [ -111.0,35.0 ], [ -111.35,35.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5d4ce4b0b290850fb055","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Billingsley, George H.","contributorId":20711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Billingsley","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Block, Debra L. 0000-0001-7348-3064 dblock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7348-3064","contributorId":3587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Block","given":"Debra","email":"dblock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":486836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hiza-Redsteer, Margaret","contributorId":77020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hiza-Redsteer","given":"Margaret","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70049003,"text":"sim3274 - 2014 - Flood-inundation maps for the East Fork White River near Bedford, Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-13T17:49:16","indexId":"sim3274","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-13T17:05:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3274","title":"Flood-inundation maps for the East Fork White River near Bedford, Indiana","docAbstract":"Digital flood-inundation maps for an 1.8-mile reach of the East Fork White River near Bedford, Indiana (Ind.) were created by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the Indiana Department of Transportation. The inundation maps, which can be accessed through the USGS Flood Inundation Mapping Science Web site at http://water.usgs.gov/osw/flood_inundation/ depict estimates of the areal extent and depth of flooding corresponding to selectedwater levels (stages) at USGS streamgage 03371500, East Fork White River near Bedford, Ind. Current conditions for estimating near-real-time areas of inundation using USGS streamgage information may be obtained on the Internet at http://waterdata.usgs.gov/in/nwis/uv?site_no=03371500. In addition, information has been provided to the National Weather Service (NWS) for incorporation into their Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service (AHPS) flood warning system (http://water.weather.gov/ahps/). The NWS forecasts flood hydrographs at many places that are often colocated with USGS streamgages, including the East Fork White River near Bedford, Ind. NWS-forecasted peak-stage information may be used in conjunction with the maps developed in this study to show predicted areas of flood inundation.\n\nFor this study, flood profiles were computed for the East Fork White River reach by means of a one-dimensional step-backwater model. The hydraulic model was calibrated by using the most current stage-discharge relations at USGS streamgage 03371500, East Fork White River near Bedford, Ind., and documented high-water marks from the flood of June 2008. The calibrated hydraulic model was then used to determine 20 water-surface profiles for flood stages at 1-foot intervals referenced to the streamgage datum and ranging from bankfull to the highest stage of the current stage-discharge rating curve. The simulated water-surface profiles were then combined with a geographic information system (GIS) digital elevation model (DEM, derived from Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data having a 0.593-foot vertical accuracy) in order to delineate the area flooded at each water level.\n\nThe availability of these maps, along with Internet information regarding current stage from the USGS streamgage near Bedford, Ind., and forecasted stream stages from the NWS, provides emergency management personnel and residents with information that is critical for flood response activities such as evacuations and road closures, as well as for postflood recovery eforts.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3274","issn":"2329-132X","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Indiana Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Fowler, K.K., 2014, Flood-inundation maps for the East Fork White River near Bedford, Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3274, Report: v, 8 p.; 20 Map Sheets; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3274.","productDescription":"Report: v, 8 p.; 20 Map Sheets; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-045036","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280947,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim3274.jpg"},{"id":280944,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3274/pdf/mapsheets/"},{"id":280945,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3274/images/mapsheets_jpg/"},{"id":280946,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3274/Downloads"},{"id":280942,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3274/"},{"id":280943,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3274/pdf/sim3274.pdf"}],"datum":"North American Vertical Datum 1988","country":"United States","state":"Indiana","city":"Bedford","otherGeospatial":"East Fork White River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -86.533333,38.75 ], [ -86.533333,38.85 ], [ -86.383333,38.85 ], [ -86.383333,38.75 ], [ -86.533333,38.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52d50bcae4b0f19e63d9b376","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fowler, Kathleen K. 0000-0002-0107-3848 kkfowler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0107-3848","contributorId":2439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fowler","given":"Kathleen","email":"kkfowler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70047737,"text":"70047737 - 2014 - Ground motion in the presence of complex topography: Earthquake and ambient noise sources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-29T11:13:00","indexId":"70047737","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-08T11:58:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ground motion in the presence of complex topography: Earthquake and ambient noise sources","docAbstract":"To study the influence of topography on ground motion, eight seismic recorders were deployed for a period of one year over Poverty Ridge on the east side of the San Francisco Bay Area, California. This location is desirable because of its proximity to local earthquake sources and the significant topographic relief of the array (439 m). Topographic amplification is evaluated as a function of frequency using a variety of methods, including reference‐site‐based spectral ratios and single‐station horizontal‐to‐vertical spectral ratios using both shear waves from earthquakes and ambient noise. Field observations are compared with the predicted ground motion from an accurate digital model of the topography and a 3D local velocity model. Amplification factors from the theoretical calculations are consistent with observations. The fundamental resonance of the ridge is prominently observed in the spectra of data and synthetics; however, higher‐frequency peaks are also seen primarily for sources in line with the major axis of the ridge, perhaps indicating higher resonant modes. Excitations of lateral ribs off of the main ridge are also seen at frequencies consistent with their dimensions. The favored directions of resonance are shown to be transverse to the major axes of the topographic features.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Stanford","doi":"10.1785/0120130088","usgsCitation":"Hartzell, S.H., Meremonte, M., Ramírez-Guzmán, L., and McNamara, D., 2014, Ground motion in the presence of complex topography: Earthquake and ambient noise sources: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 104, no. 1, p. 451-466, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120130088.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"451","endPage":"466","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-050721","costCenters":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280770,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Santa Clara Valley","otherGeospatial":"Diablo Mountains; Poverty Ridge","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.0,37.2 ], [ -122.0,37.6 ], [ -121.6,37.6 ], [ -121.6,37.2 ], [ -122.0,37.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"104","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-11-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52ce747ee4b073e0995b2dd7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hartzell, Stephen H. 0000-0003-0858-9043 shartzell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0858-9043","contributorId":2594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartzell","given":"Stephen","email":"shartzell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meremonte, Mark","contributorId":56968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meremonte","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ramírez-Guzmán, Leonardo","contributorId":45946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramírez-Guzmán","given":"Leonardo","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McNamara, Daniel","contributorId":103566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNamara","given":"Daniel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70048186,"text":"70048186 - 2014 - A GIS-based vulnerability assessment of brine contamination to aquatic resources from oil and gas development in eastern Sheridan County, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-24T09:39:08","indexId":"70048186","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-07T13:48:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A GIS-based vulnerability assessment of brine contamination to aquatic resources from oil and gas development in eastern Sheridan County, Montana","docAbstract":"Water (brine) co-produced with oil in the Williston Basin is some of the most saline in the nation. The Prairie Pothole Region (PPR), characterized by glacial sediments and numerous wetlands, covers the northern and eastern portion of the Williston Basin. Sheridan County, Montana, lies within the PPR and has a documented history of brine contamination. Surface water and shallow groundwater in the PPR are saline and sulfate dominated while the deeper brines are much more saline and chloride dominated. A Contamination Index (CI), defined as the ratio of chloride concentration to specific conductance in a water sample, was developed by the Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology to delineate the magnitude of brine contamination in Sheridan County. Values > 0.035 indicate contamination.
\nRecently, the U.S. Geological Survey completed a county level geographic information system (GIS)-based vulnerability assessment of brine contamination to aquatic resources in the PPR of the Williston Basin based on the age and density of oil wells, number of wetlands, and stream length per county. To validate and better define this assessment, a similar approach was applied in eastern Sheridan County at a greater level of detail (the 2.59 km2 Public Land Survey System section grid) and included surficial geology. Vulnerability assessment scores were calculated for the 780 modeled sections and these scores were divided into ten equal interval bins representing similar probabilities of contamination. Two surface water and two groundwater samples were collected from the section with the greatest acreage of Federal land in each bin. Nineteen of the forty water samples, and at least one water sample from seven of the ten selected sections, had CI values indicating contamination. Additionally, CI values generally increased with increasing vulnerability assessment score, with a stronger correlation for groundwater samples (R2 = 0.78) than surface water samples (R2 = 0.53).
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science of the Total Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.09.027","usgsCitation":"Preston, T.M., Chesley-Preston, T., and Thamke, J., 2014, A GIS-based vulnerability assessment of brine contamination to aquatic resources from oil and gas development in eastern Sheridan County, Montana: Science of the Total Environment, v. 472, p. 1152-1162, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.09.027.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1152","endPage":"1162","numberOfPages":"11","ipdsId":"IP-044041","costCenters":[{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280661,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.09.027"},{"id":280662,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","county":"Sheridan County","otherGeospatial":"Prairie Pothole Region;Williston Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -115.97,41.71 ], [ -115.97,54.99 ], [ -89.82,54.99 ], [ -89.82,41.71 ], [ -115.97,41.71 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"472","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52cd21e2e4b0c3f95143ecd6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Preston, Todd M. 0000-0002-8812-9233 tmpreston@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8812-9233","contributorId":1664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Preston","given":"Todd","email":"tmpreston@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chesley-Preston, Tara L.","contributorId":58938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chesley-Preston","given":"Tara L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thamke, Joanna N. 0000-0002-6917-1946 jothamke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6917-1946","contributorId":1012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thamke","given":"Joanna N.","email":"jothamke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70094484,"text":"70094484 - 2014 - Pictorial account and landscape evolution of the crevasses near Fort St. Philip, Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-05T15:02:02","indexId":"70094484","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T14:55:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":45,"text":"MRG&P Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"2","title":"Pictorial account and landscape evolution of the crevasses near Fort St. Philip, Louisiana","docAbstract":"Quantifying the effects of active natural and constructed crevasses is critical to the planning and success of future ecosystem restoration activities. This document provides a historical overview of landscape changes within the vicinity of the natural crevasses near Fort St. Philip, Louisiana. A significant event influencing landscape change within the Fort St. Philip study area was the breaching of the eastern levee of the Mississippi River. Initially, the river water that was diverted through these crevasse channels physically removed significant marsh areas within the study area. These initial direct impacts were succeeded by several decades of larger regional loss patterns driven by subsidence and other episodic events (e.g, hurricanes and floods), and recent localized land gains. These increases in land area are potentially the long-term results of the Fort St. Philip crevasses, and the short-term impacts of delta management activities. However, for the majority of the 1956-2008 period of analysis, the crevassing of the eastern bank of the Mississippi River levee was a loss accelerant in the Fort St. Philip area.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","collaboration":"Mississippi River Geomorphology and Potamology Program","usgsCitation":"Suir, G.M., Jones, W.R., Garber, A., and Barras, J., 2014, Pictorial account and landscape evolution of the crevasses near Fort St. Philip, Louisiana: MRG&P Report 2, viii, 37 p.","productDescription":"viii, 37 p.","numberOfPages":"47","ipdsId":"IP-052728","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287623,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":282567,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://acwc.sdp.sirsi.net/client/search/asset/1033480"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Fort St. Philip","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90.7133,30.0666 ], [ -90.7133,28.999 ], [ -88.9926,28.999 ], [ -88.9926,30.0666 ], [ -90.7133,30.0666 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5385b3fce4b09e18fc023a7f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Suir, Glenn M.","contributorId":103558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suir","given":"Glenn","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, William R. 0000-0002-5493-4138 jonesb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5493-4138","contributorId":463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"William","email":"jonesb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garber, Adrienne L. 0000-0003-1139-8256","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1139-8256","contributorId":10332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garber","given":"Adrienne L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barras, John A. jbarras@usgs.gov","contributorId":2425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barras","given":"John A.","email":"jbarras@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":490615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70074738,"text":"70074738 - 2014 - Elk monitoring in Lewis and Clark National Historical Park: 2008-2012 synthesis report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-09T15:00:12","indexId":"70074738","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T14:51:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":54,"text":"Natural Resource Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"NPS/NCCN/NRTR--2014/837","title":"Elk monitoring in Lewis and Clark National Historical Park: 2008-2012 synthesis report","docAbstract":"Maintaining elk (Cervus elaphus roosevelti) herds that frequent Lewis and Clark National Historical Park (NHP) is central to the park’s purpose of preserving the historic, cultural, scenic, and natural resources associated with the winter encampment of the Lewis and Clark expedition. Elk were critically important to the Lewis and Clark expedition in providing food and hides that sustained the expedition during the winter of 1805-06 and supplied them for their return east during 1806. Today, elk remain a key component of interpreting the Lewis and Clark story to over 200,000 park visitors each year at the Fort Clatsop visitor center.
\nIn 2008, the US Geological Survey (USGS) began collaborating with Lewis and Clark NHP and \nthe NPS North Coast and Cascades Network to develop a protocol for monitoring long-term \nchanges in the magnitude and spatial patterns of elk use within and adjacent to Lewis and Clark \nNHP (Griffin et al. 2011). Specific objectives of the monitoring program were to measure trends \nin (1) relative use of the Fort Clatsop unit by elk during winter; (2) the proportion of areas where \nelk sign is present in the Fort Clatsop unit in winter; and (3) the frequency of elk sightings from \nroads in and around the Fort Clatsop unit. This report synthesizes the results of the first four \nyears of monitoring elk distribution and use in Lewis and Clark NHP from 2008-2012. We also \npresent data from FY2012 (Appendix 1), in lieu of an annual report for that year.
\nWe used fecal pellet group surveys as the cornerstone for monitoring trends in both relative use \nof the Fort Clatsop Unit by elk and the proportion of areas where elk sign was present at the end \nof winter. We estimated pellet group density based on data collected from a network of fecal \npellet plots distributed systematically throughout the unit. We developed a double observer \nsampling scheme that enabled us to estimate detection biases and improve the accuracy of pellet \ngroup density estimates. We computed the estimated detection probability for any pellet group \nobserved; this probability was a function of the pellet group size and stage of decay, as well as \nlighting and vegetation conditions, and the number of observers (one or two) searching for \npellets in that subplot. We then used these estimated detection probabilities to adjust the raw \ncounts of the detected pellet groups to account for groups that likely went undetected under \nsimilar pellet and environmental conditions (each observed pellet group was weighted by the \ninverse of its estimated detection probability). We also used results from the late winter fecal \npellet surveys to quantify the proportion of areas where elk pellets occurred (PAO), which was \nbased on the presence of fecal pellet groups and estimation of detection biases (i.e., accounting \nfor pellet groups that likely went undetected by both observers). In this synthesis, we report \ntemporal trends in both pellet group density and PAO from 2008-2012, based on weighted linear \nregression analyses as well as spatial variation of pellet group densities over time.
\nWe completed late winter fecal pellet surveys at 61-66 plots annually, depending on yearly \nvariation in access. We cleared fecal pellets at survey points in late October / early November \neach year and returned in late February / early March to count pellet groups left by elk over the \nwinter. The estimated probability that a pellet group was detected by any one observer during \nlate winter was affected most by the pellet group size and was less affected by decay class and \nlighting conditions. Per-observer detection probabilities ranged from as low as ~10-15% for \nsingle pellets to ~85-90% for pellet groups with 50 pellets. Average pellet group density in the \nFort Clatsop unit ranged annually from 0.58 (+/- 1.43 standard error [SE]) to 0.93 (+/- 2.25 SE) \npellet groups per 3-m radius subplot. Pellet group density declined over time, at approximately 8.8% per year (+/- 2.5% SE), but that slope was not statistically distinguishable from zero (2-\ntailed P=0.16). Following correction for detection biases, the proportion of surveyed points used \nby elk (i.e., PAO) ranged from 0.44 (+/- 0.07 SE) to 0.53 (+/- 0.07 SE) during the 4 winters. The \nestimated proportion of areas where elk pellets occurred (PAO) declined at a rate of 2.6% per \nyear (+/- 1.2% per year SE), but that trend also was not statistically distinguishable from zero (2-\ntailed P=0.17). Statistical significance of a measure’s trend depends on both the magnitude (i.e., \nslope) of the observed trend and the number of years the trend continues in the same increasing \nor decreasing direction. Through simulation modeling we determined how many additional years \nof surveys would be required to reveal a statistically significant trend, based on the same trends \nin pellet group density and PAO, and associated variation, observed from 2009-2012. Assuming \nthe same trends persist in the future, simulations indicated that there is a 70% probability that a \nstatistically significant trend would be detected after two more years of conducting pellet group \nsurveys.
\nRelative use by elk during winter, as indexed by elk pellet group density, was generally greatest \nin the southeast region of the Fort Clatsop unit in or near the large freshwater marsh at the mouth \nof Colewort Creek and adjacent upland areas. Pellet group density was also higher than average \nin the north-central forested area, not far from a privately-owned pasture north of the park \nboundary. This spatial pattern in pellet group densities across the Fort Clatsop unit was \nconsistent across all four years, although specific pellet group densities varied from year to year. \nPellet group density declined significantly over time at two points in the southeast of the Fort \nClatsop unit, even though pellet group density at those points remained higher than the unit \naverage. Pellet group density increased significantly over time at one point in the north-central \nregion, and at one point in the south-central region of the unit, indicating a slight shift in the \ndistribution of elk use within the Fort Clatsop Unit over the four years.
\nAs an index of visitors’ opportunities to see elk in and around the Fort Clatsop Unit, we \nconducted replicated roadside elk surveys 3-5 times monthly during February, April, June, \nAugust, October and December 2008-2012. During each morning of survey, we searched for elk \nalong four routes that totaled 32 km. We examined bimonthly trends in the numbers of elk \ngroups seen, the total number of elk seen, and the observed composition ratios for those six \nmonths of the year. The average number of elk groups seen per survey ranged from 0.75 (+/- \n0.32 SE) during February to a peak of 1.95 (+/- 0.36 SE) during June. Despite this seasonal \nvariation in numbers of elk groups seen, the average total number of elk seen per morning was \nless variable. The average ratios of antlered elk to antlerless adult elk (i.e., bulls:cows) and \ncalves to antlerless adult elk (i.e. calves:cows) varied seasonally, with the highest of both \naverage ratios observed in August. We detected no significant trends in the average number of \nelk groups and total numbers of elk seen per survey from 2008-2012. Similarly, ratios of calves \nand antlered elk per antlerless elk did not differ over time.
\nElk groups were frequently seen from January to August in the southeast region of the Fort \nClatsop unit, in the vicinity of Colewort Creek. Outside of NPS lands, we observed elk most \nfrequently in open areas near the Astoria regional airport, in the pastures and forests immediately \nnorth of the Fort Clatsop unit and, prior to the construction of a residential development, in a \npasture northwest of the Fort Clatsop unit.
\nElk monitoring at Lewis and Clark NHP is still in its initial years and additional monitoring will \nbe required to verify trends that appear to be emerging. For example, the initial monitoring \nsuggested incipient declining trends in both pellet group density and proportion of plots with \npellets present, as well as, potentially, a small shift in elk distribution away from a new trail that \nwas recently constructed in the southeast portion of the Fort Clatsop unit. Continued monitoring \nwill aid in determining whether this local change in distribution persists (or, alternatively, \nresulted from short-term random variation), and whether there will be any positive or negative \neffect in the northern portion of the unit where a new trail has been constructed. High variability \nin road counts prevented our ability to find any clear trend in numbers or composition of elk \nobserved in and near Fort Clatsop, but changes in the patterns of observations of elk from \nroadways suggest that residential development outside the park has reduced the available habitat \nfor elk in some of the areas surveyed, and may have affected spatial use patterns of elk adjacent \nto some areas of the park. In addition to monitoring future effects of land use changes outside the \npark, continued monitoring may also prove useful for assessing elk responses to natural \nsuccession in forests disturbed by windthrow in December 2007 and to NPS vegetation \nmanagement activities such as variable density thinning in the forest, trail development, and \nrestoration at Otter Point tidal area and Colewort Creek Slough.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Griffin, P., Jenkins, K.J., Cole, C., Clatterbuck, C., Boetsch, J., and Beirne, K., 2014, Elk monitoring in Lewis and Clark National Historical Park: 2008-2012 synthesis report: Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/NCCN/NRTR--2014/837, xii, 56 p.","productDescription":"xii, 56 p.","numberOfPages":"72","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2012-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-053359","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286057,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281885,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://irma.nps.gov/App/Reference/Profile/2206594"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon;Washington","otherGeospatial":"Lewis And Clark National Historical Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.1,45.9 ], [ -124.1,46.3 ], [ -123.8,46.3 ], [ -123.8,45.9 ], [ -124.1,45.9 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53559432e4b0120853e8bf5d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Griffin, Paul C.","contributorId":7802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"Paul C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jenkins, Kurt J. 0000-0003-1415-6607 kurt_jenkins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1415-6607","contributorId":3415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkins","given":"Kurt","email":"kurt_jenkins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cole, Carla","contributorId":44809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"Carla","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clatterbuck, Chris","contributorId":53697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clatterbuck","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Boetsch, John","contributorId":57766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boetsch","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Beirne, Katherine","contributorId":58754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beirne","given":"Katherine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70199971,"text":"70199971 - 2014 - Source and progression of a submarine landslide and tsunami: The 1964 Great Alaska earthquake at Valdez","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-06T13:43:11.545868","indexId":"70199971","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T14:35:15","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7514,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research - Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Source and progression of a submarine landslide and tsunami: The 1964 Great Alaska earthquake at Valdez","docAbstract":"Like many subduction zone earthquakes, the deadliest aspects of the 1964 M = 9.2 Alaska earthquake were the tsunamis it caused. The worst of these were generated by local submarine landslides induced by the earthquake. These caused high runups, engulfing several coastal towns in Prince William Sound. In this paper, we study one of these cases in detail, the Port Valdez submarine landslide and tsunami. We combine eyewitness reports, preserved film, and careful posttsunami surveys with new geophysical data to inform numerical models for landslide tsunami generation. We review the series of events as recorded at Valdez old town and then determine the corresponding subsurface events that led to the tsunami. We build digital elevation models of part of the pretsunami and posttsunami fjord‐head delta. Comparing them reveals a ~1500 m long region that receded 150 m to the east, which we interpret as the primary delta landslide source. Multibeam imagery and high‐resolution seismic reflection data identify a ~400 m wide chute with hummocky deposits at its terminus, which may define the primary slide path. Using these elements we run hydrodynamic models of the landslide‐driven tsunamis that match observations of current direction, maximum inundation, and wave height at Valdez old town. We speculate that failure conditions at the delta front may have been influenced by manmade changes in drainage patterns as well as the fast retreat of Valdez and other glaciers during the past century.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2014JB011514","usgsCitation":"Parsons, T.E., Geist, E.L., Ryan, H.F., Lee, H., Haeussler, P.J., Lynett, P., Hart, P.E., Sliter, R.W., and Roland, E.C., 2014, Source and progression of a submarine landslide and tsunami: The 1964 Great Alaska earthquake at Valdez: Journal of Geophysical Research - Solid Earth, v. 119, no. 11, p. 8502-8516, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JB011514.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"8502","endPage":"8516","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473240,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014jb011514","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":358210,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","city":"Valdez","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -146.964111328125,\n 60.85293796664351\n ],\n [\n -146.0137939453125,\n 60.85293796664351\n ],\n [\n -146.0137939453125,\n 61.22531306274158\n ],\n [\n -146.964111328125,\n 61.22531306274158\n ],\n [\n -146.964111328125,\n 60.85293796664351\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"119","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-11-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bc038ebe4b0fc368eb53b17","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parsons, Thomas E. 0000-0002-0582-4338 tparsons@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0582-4338","contributorId":2314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"Thomas","email":"tparsons@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Geist, Eric L. 0000-0003-0611-1150 egeist@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0611-1150","contributorId":1956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geist","given":"Eric","email":"egeist@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ryan, Holly F. hryan@usgs.gov","contributorId":2375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"Holly","email":"hryan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lee, Homa J. hjlee@usgs.gov","contributorId":1021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Homa J.","email":"hjlee@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":747535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lynett, Patrick","contributorId":24298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lynett","given":"Patrick","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hart, Patrick E. 0000-0002-5080-1426 hart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5080-1426","contributorId":2879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Patrick","email":"hart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Sliter, Ray W. 0000-0003-0337-3454 rsliter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0337-3454","contributorId":1992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sliter","given":"Ray","email":"rsliter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Roland, Emily C. eroland@usgs.gov","contributorId":5075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roland","given":"Emily","email":"eroland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70199659,"text":"70199659 - 2014 - Upper Devonian–Mississippian stratigraphic framework of the Arkoma Basin and distribution of potential source-rock facies in the Woodford–Chattanooga and Fayetteville–Caney shale-gas systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-24T11:56:22","indexId":"70199659","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T11:56:14","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Upper Devonian–Mississippian stratigraphic framework of the Arkoma Basin and distribution of potential source-rock facies in the Woodford–Chattanooga and Fayetteville–Caney shale-gas systems","docAbstract":"Wireline logs were used to document the stratigraphic framework of Upper Devonian–Mississippian strata in the Arkoma Basin, and maps of high-gamma ray (HGR) log response were used to analyze the spatial distribution of potential source rocks in the Woodford–Chattanooga and Fayetteville–Caney shale-gas systems. The Woodford–Chattanooga shale is a transgressive deposit that accumulated on an arid continental margin influenced by marine upwelling and minimal sediment influx. A broad HGR depocenter along the southwestern margin of the basin includes two areas of higher accommodation containing the thickest HGR concentrations. Basin-wide patterns of HGR likely reflect broad tectonic influence on accommodation. The proportion of chert in the formation increases eastward and southward, likely reflecting latitudinal and bathymetric influence on the accumulation of siliceous ooze. The Lower Mississippian Burlington sequence, which lies between the two shale-gas systems, comprises carbonate ramp and distal shale deposits. Proximal ramp facies form an apron around the southern flank of the Ozark uplift and grade radially basinward into distal facies. An Upper Mississippian succession in the east includes lowstand deposits of the Batesville delta, which onlap the relict Burlington ramp. Basinwide, the succession includes the transgressive Fayetteville–Caney shale overlain by regressive deposits of the proximal Pitkin Limestone and distal upper Fayetteville (Arkansas) and “false” Caney (Oklahoma) shale. The HGR shale is concentrated in an area of intermediate accommodation on the western margin of the Mississippi Embayment and just basinward of the Pitkin Limestone pinchout in Arkansas, and in an area of relatively high accommodation in Oklahoma.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/03031413025","usgsCitation":"Houseknecht, D.W., Rouse, W.A., Paxton, S.T., Mars, J.C., and Fulk, B.R., 2014, Upper Devonian–Mississippian stratigraphic framework of the Arkoma Basin and distribution of potential source-rock facies in the Woodford–Chattanooga and Fayetteville–Caney shale-gas systems: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 98, no. 9, p. 1739-1759, https://doi.org/10.1306/03031413025.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"1739","endPage":"1759","ipdsId":"IP-046211","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357674,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Oklahoma","otherGeospatial":"Arkoma Basin ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97,\n 34\n ],\n [\n -90,\n 34\n ],\n [\n -90,\n 36.5\n ],\n [\n -97,\n 36.5\n ],\n [\n -97,\n 34\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"98","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bc038ebe4b0fc368eb53b19","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Houseknecht, David W. 0000-0002-9633-6910 dhouse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9633-6910","contributorId":645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houseknecht","given":"David","email":"dhouse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":746103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rouse, William A. 0000-0002-0790-370X wrouse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0790-370X","contributorId":4172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rouse","given":"William","email":"wrouse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":746104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paxton, Stanley T. 0000-0002-9098-1740 spaxton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9098-1740","contributorId":739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paxton","given":"Stanley","email":"spaxton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":746105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mars, John C. 0000-0002-0421-1388 jmars@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0421-1388","contributorId":178265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mars","given":"John","email":"jmars@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":746106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fulk, Bryant R.","contributorId":23113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fulk","given":"Bryant","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}