This report describes a study of survival and migration behavior of juvenile coho salmon in the Klamath River relative to discharge at Iron Gate Dam in 2006. This was the second year of a multi-year study with the goal of determining the effects of discharge at Iron Gate Dam on survival of juvenile coho salmon downstream. The study was a collaborative effort among U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), and the Yurok and Karuk Tribal Fisheries Departments. The goals of the study included: 1) estimating the survival of wild and hatchery juvenile coho salmon in the Klamath River downstream from Iron Gate Dam, 2) determining the effects of discharge and other covariates on their survival and migration, and 3) determining if fish from Iron Gate Hatchery could be used as surrogates for the limited source of wild fish. The major findings of the study in 2006 include:
River discharges during the 2006 study period (4 April through 21 July 2006) were among the greatest on record. Average daily discharge at Iron Gate Dam was 3,956 cubic feet per second (cfs) and ranged from 997 to 10,300 cfs. Discharge at Iron Gate Dam was positively correlated with discharges of tributaries downstream due to the above average water year and frequent occurrence of spill at Iron Gate Dam. Average daily discharge near the estuary was 25,789 cfs and ranged from 4,740 to 50,600 cfs. This study was based on hatchery fish taken directly from a tank at Iron Gate Hatchery and wild fish captured in a rotary trap on the Shasta River. Releases of both groups began on 4 April when the catch of wild fish in California Department of Fish and Game‟s Shasta River rotary trap increased, but trap catches varied throughout the study period, resulting in differences in release dates of hatchery and wild fish. A total of 211 hatchery fish were released from 4 April through 26 May. Wild and hatchery fish released on a regular schedule between 25 April and 16 May 2006 were used in comparisons of the survival and migration of hatchery (N = 120) and wild (N = 162) fish. Additional analyses were performed using hatchery fish from all dates.
The data and models did not support clear differences between survivals of hatchery and wild fish released on common dates, so estimates of reach survivals were made after pooling these data. Estimates of survival were lowest in the Iron Gate Dam to Scott River reach (0.813) and greatest in the Salmon River to Trinity River reach (1.000). The overall survival from river kilometer 309 (Iron Gate Hatchery) to river kilometer 33 was 0.653 (95% CI 0.578 to 0.729). Estimates of survival based on all hatchery fish releases were similar to those from release dates common to hatchery and wild fish and are similar to those in other river systems over similar distances. The migrations of hatchery and wild fish were different in the uppermost sections of the study area and were similar thereafter. A lag between release and migration, primarily upstream from the Scott River (river kilometer 234), was present in hatchery fish to a greater extent than in wild fish, resulting in differences in migration rates. Fish from both origins spent more time between release and the Scott River than in individual reaches downstream, and this was the only reach in which travel times of fish increased as discharge decreased. The travel times of hatchery and wild fish between sites were statistically similar downstream from Indian Creek (river kilometer 178).
There were differences and similarities in the analyses of the effects of covariates on survivals of hatchery and wild fish. The models of covariate effects based on hatchery and wild fish released on common dates indicated effects on wild fish survival that were not supported in data from hatchery fish. However, when the entire suite of hatchery fish releases were used the results of the analyses were similar to those based on wild fish. In both instances the effects of temperature and release date were primarily in the first reach, the reach fish of both origins spent most of their time within. The signs of the effects of these covariates differed among the fish origins (negative for wild and positive for hatchery fish), presumably due to differences in their migrations in the first reach. The effects of dam discharge on survivals of hatchery and wild fish were generally similar (positive relation), and the effects on hatchery, and to a lesser extent wild, fish were largely downstream from the Scott River. This is likely due to the prolonged residence of the naïve hatchery fish, and to a lesser extent, migrant wild fish between release and the Scott River. Inasmuch as the differences between hatchery and wild fish we observed were likely those of migrants vs. non-migrants, the use of hatchery fish captured as they are migrating downstream, rather than those directly from hatchery tanks (i.e., naïve), may improve similarities between hatchery and wild fish in future studies. The data and models used in 2006 do not support the use of naïve hatchery fish as surrogates for migrant wild fish in determining the effects of discharge on survival upstream from the Scott River. This conclusion is based on the different effects of covariates in this reach that were likely attributable to the differences in hatchery and wild migration behaviors in this reach.
The results of this second year of research provide insight to the migration and survival of hatchery and wild juvenile coho salmon in the Klamath River, but the results are from a single unusual water year. The results may be different during other water year types. The current information supports a positive relation between discharge at Iron Gate Dam and survival of juvenile coho salmon downstream, but additional data should be used to refine this relation. Discharge at the dam was correlated with discharges of Klamath River tributaries during this above average water year. The data and models from the 2006 study provide the first estimates of survival of these fish in the Klamath River and can be used with data from years with other water year types to examine the effects of discharge on survival. This will only be possible over a period of years in which the correlations between discharge and other factors, such as water temperature and date, are diminished. An experimental approach in which discharges are varied at Iron Gate Dam is the most direct method to determine if survivals are affected by discharge, but this may not be feasible given the limited storage capacity of the project.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081332","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Beeman, J.W., Stutzer, G., Juhnke, S., and Hetrick, N., 2008, Survival and migration behavior of juvenile coho salmon in the Klamath River relative to discharge at Iron Gate Dam, Northern California, 2007: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1332, viii, 72 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081332.","productDescription":"viii, 72 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"72","numberOfPages":"100","temporalStart":"2007-01-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195653,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12021,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1332/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Iron Gate Dam ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.4367904663086,\n 41.93535959800968\n ],\n [\n -122.44786262512208,\n 41.92801649601346\n ],\n [\n -122.45009422302246,\n 41.92303547614754\n ],\n [\n -122.44606018066406,\n 41.9220775431288\n ],\n [\n -122.42880821228029,\n 41.93848814115791\n ],\n [\n -122.43464469909667,\n 41.939573518226936\n ],\n [\n -122.4367904663086,\n 41.93535959800968\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db68839a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beeman, John W. jbeeman@usgs.gov","contributorId":2646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeman","given":"John","email":"jbeeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":300890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stutzer, Greg","contributorId":64753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stutzer","given":"Greg","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13396,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Arcata FWO, Arcata, CA 95521","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":300891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Juhnke, Steve","contributorId":67614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Juhnke","given":"Steve","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":300892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hetrick, Nicholas","contributorId":105008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hetrick","given":"Nicholas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":300893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":97051,"text":"ofr20081209 - 2008 - A Protocol for Aging Anurans Using Skeletochronology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-22T12:20:13","indexId":"ofr20081209","displayToPublicDate":"2008-10-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1209","title":"A Protocol for Aging Anurans Using Skeletochronology","docAbstract":"Age distribution information can be an important part of understanding the biology of any population. Age estimates collected from the annual growth rings found in tooth and bone cross sections, often referred to as Lines of Arrested Growth (LAGs), have been used in the study of various animals. In this manual, we describe in detail all necessary steps required to obtain estimates of age from anuran bone cross sections via skeletochronological assessment. We include comprehensive descriptions of how to fix and decalcify toe specimens (phalanges), process a phalange prior to embedding, embed the phalange in paraffin, section the phalange using a microtome, stain and mount the cross sections of the phalange and read the LAGs to obtain age estimates.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081209","usgsCitation":"McCreary, B., Pearl, C., and Adams, M.J., 2008, A Protocol for Aging Anurans Using Skeletochronology: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1209, iv, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081209.","productDescription":"iv, 38 p.","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196367,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12022,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1209/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4964e4b0b290850ef1f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCreary, Brome","contributorId":105005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCreary","given":"Brome","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":300896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pearl, Christopher A. 0000-0003-2943-7321","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2943-7321","contributorId":84316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearl","given":"Christopher A.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":300895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Adams, M. 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The seismic summary is offered without interpretation as a source of preliminary data and is complete in that most data for events of M=1.5 are included. All latitude and longitude references in this report are stated in Old Hawaiian Datum. \r\n\r\nThe HVO summaries have been published in various forms since 1956. Summaries prior to 1974 were issued quarterly, but cost, convenience of preparation and distribution, and the large quantities of data necessitated an annual publication, beginning with Summary 74 for the year 1974. Beginning in 2004, summaries are simply identified by the year, rather than by summary number. \r\n\r\nSummaries originally issued as administrative reports were republished in 2007 as Open-File Reports. All the summaries since 1956 are listed at http://geopubs.wr.usgs.gov/ (last accessed September 30, 2008). \r\n\r\nIn January 1986, HVO adopted CUSP (California Institute of Technology USGS Seismic Processing). Summary 86 includes a description of the seismic instrumentation, calibration, and processing used in recent years. The present summary includes background information about the seismic network to provide the end user an understanding of the processing parameters and how the data were gathered. \r\n\r\nA report by Klein and Koyanagi (1980) tabulates instrumentation, calibration, and recording history of each seismic station in the network. It is designed as a reference for users of seismograms and phase data and includes and augments the information in the station table in this summary.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081261","usgsCitation":"Nakata, J.S., and Okubo, P.G., 2008, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory Seismic Data, January to December 2007 (Version 1.0 ): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1261, iii, 99 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081261.","productDescription":"iii, 99 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2007-01-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":616,"text":"Volcano Hazards Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195045,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12014,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1261/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -161,18 ], [ -161,23 ], [ -154,23 ], [ -154,18 ], [ -161,18 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0 ","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6de4b07f02db63f15b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nakata, Jennifer S.","contributorId":18364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nakata","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":300878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Okubo, Paul G. 0000-0002-0381-6051 pokubo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0381-6051","contributorId":2730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okubo","given":"Paul","email":"pokubo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":300877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":97037,"text":"ofr20081220 - 2008 - Preliminary Stratigraphic Cross Sections of Oil Shale in the Eocene Green River Formation, Uinta Basin, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:47","indexId":"ofr20081220","displayToPublicDate":"2008-10-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1220","title":"Preliminary Stratigraphic Cross Sections of Oil Shale in the Eocene Green River Formation, Uinta Basin, Utah","docAbstract":"Oil shale units in the Eocene Green River Formation are shown on two east-west stratigraphic sections across the Uinta Basin in northeastern Utah. Several units have potential value for recovery of shale oil, especially the Mahogany oil shale zone, which is a high grade oil shale that can be traced across most of the Uinta Basin and into the Piceance Basin in northwestern Colorado. Many thin medium to high grade oil shale beds above the Mahogany zone can also be traced for many miles across the basin. Several units below the Mahogany that have slow velocities on sonic logs may be low grade oil shale. These may have value as a source for shale gas.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081220","usgsCitation":"Dyni, J.R., 2008, Preliminary Stratigraphic Cross Sections of Oil Shale in the Eocene Green River Formation, Uinta Basin, Utah (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1220, Report: ii, 11 p.; 2 Plates: Plate 1 - 51.5 x 49.5 inches, Plate 2 - 51.5 x 60.5 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081220.","productDescription":"Report: ii, 11 p.; 2 Plates: Plate 1 - 51.5 x 49.5 inches, Plate 2 - 51.5 x 60.5 inches","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195609,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12007,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1220/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112,38 ], [ -112,41 ], [ -108.5,41 ], [ -108.5,38 ], [ -112,38 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e415","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dyni, John R. jdyni@usgs.gov","contributorId":756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dyni","given":"John","email":"jdyni@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":300861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":97043,"text":"ofr20081327 - 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2008 - Coastal circulation and sediment dynamics in Hanalei Bay, Kaua'i. Part IV: Measurements of waves, currents, temperature, salinity, and turbidity: June-September 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-14T18:19:51.107141","indexId":"ofr20081295","displayToPublicDate":"2008-10-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1295","title":"Coastal circulation and sediment dynamics in Hanalei Bay, Kaua'i. Part IV: Measurements of waves, currents, temperature, salinity, and turbidity: June-September 2006","docAbstract":"High-resolution measurements of waves, currents, water levels, temperature, salinity and turbidity were made in Hanalei Bay, northern Kaua'i, Hawai'i, during the summer of 2006 to better understand coastal circulation, sediment dynamics, and the potential impact of a river flood in a coral reef-lined embayment during quiescent summer conditions. A series of bottommounted instrument packages were deployed in water depths of 10 m or less to collect long-term, high-resolution measurements of waves, currents, water levels, temperature, salinity, and turbidity. These data were supplemented with a series of profiles through the water column to characterize the vertical and spatial variability in water column properties within the bay. These measurements support the ongoing process studies being conducted as part of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Coastal and Marine Geology Program's Pacific Coral Reef Project; the ultimate goal is to better understand the transport mechanisms of sediment, larvae, pollutants, and other particles in coral reef settings. Information regarding the USGS study conducted in Hanalei Bay during the 2005 summer is available in Storlazzi and others (2006), Draut and others (2006) and Carr and others (2006). This report, the last part in a series, describes data acquisition, processing, and analysis for the 2006 summer data set.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081295","usgsCitation":"Storlazzi, C., Presto, M., Logan, J., and Field, M.E., 2008, Coastal circulation and sediment dynamics in Hanalei Bay, Kaua'i. Part IV: Measurements of waves, currents, temperature, salinity, and turbidity: June-September 2006 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1295, iv, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081295.","productDescription":"iv, 29 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2006-06-01","temporalEnd":"2006-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":645,"text":"Western Coastal and Marine Geology","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":12015,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1295/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":195528,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":402159,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_85052.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Hanalei Bay, Kaua'i","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -159.52491760253906,\n 22.200120453710106\n ],\n [\n -159.4888687133789,\n 22.200120453710106\n ],\n [\n -159.4888687133789,\n 22.23349306231723\n ],\n [\n -159.52491760253906,\n 22.23349306231723\n ],\n [\n -159.52491760253906,\n 22.200120453710106\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aebe9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Storlazzi, Curt D. 0000-0001-8057-4490","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":77889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"Curt D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":300882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Presto, M. Katherine","contributorId":30192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Presto","given":"M. Katherine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":300880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Logan, Joshua B.","contributorId":34470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Logan","given":"Joshua B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":300881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Field, Michael E. mfield@usgs.gov","contributorId":2101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"Michael","email":"mfield@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":300879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":97034,"text":"ofr20081297 - 2008 - Ground-Water Conditions and Studies in the Brunswick-Glynn County Area, Georgia, 2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-08T11:37:01","indexId":"ofr20081297","displayToPublicDate":"2008-10-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1297","title":"Ground-Water Conditions and Studies in the Brunswick-Glynn County Area, Georgia, 2007","docAbstract":"The Upper Floridan aquifer is contaminated with saltwater in a 2-square-mile area of downtown Brunswick, Georgia. This contamination has limited the development of the ground-water supply in the Glynn County area. Hydrologic, geologic, and water-quality data are needed to effectively manage water resources. Since 1959, the U.S. Geological Survey has conducted a cooperative water-resources program with the City of Brunswick to monitor and assess the effect of ground-water development on saltwater contamination of the Floridan aquifer system. The potential development of alternative sources of water in the Brunswick and surficial aquifer systems also is an important consideration in coastal areas.\r\n\r\nDuring calendar year 2007, the cooperative water-resources monitoring program included continuous water-level recording of 13 wells completed in the Floridan, Brunswick, and surficial aquifer systems; collecting water levels from 22 wells to map the potentiometric surface of the Upper Floridan aquifer during July and August 2007; and collecting and analyzing water samples from 76 wells to map chloride concentrations in the Upper Floridan aquifer during July and August 2007. In addition, work was initiated to refine an existing ground-water flow model for evaluation of water-management scenarios.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081297","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Brunswick and Glynn County","usgsCitation":"Cherry, G.S., and Clarke, J.S., 2008, Ground-Water Conditions and Studies in the Brunswick-Glynn County Area, Georgia, 2007: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1297, vi, 42 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081297.","productDescription":"vi, 42 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2007-01-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195678,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12004,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1297/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","county":"Glynn County","city":"Brunswick","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.012939453125,\n 30.635548826533245\n ],\n [\n -82.012939453125,\n 31.49894567796294\n ],\n [\n -80.892333984375,\n 31.49894567796294\n ],\n [\n -80.892333984375,\n 30.635548826533245\n ],\n [\n -82.012939453125,\n 30.635548826533245\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d67f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cherry, Gregory S. 0000-0002-5567-1587 gccherry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5567-1587","contributorId":1567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cherry","given":"Gregory","email":"gccherry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":300856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clarke, John S. jsclarke@usgs.gov","contributorId":400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clarke","given":"John","email":"jsclarke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":300855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":97035,"text":"ofr20081319 - 2008 - Water-Quality Characteristics of Ledge Creek and Holman Creek Upstream from Lake Rogers, Granville County, North Carolina, 2005 and 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-08T11:49:48","indexId":"ofr20081319","displayToPublicDate":"2008-10-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1319","title":"Water-Quality Characteristics of Ledge Creek and Holman Creek Upstream from Lake Rogers, Granville County, North Carolina, 2005 and 2008","docAbstract":"Water-quality and hydrologic data were collected during 2005 and 2008 to characterize potential source areas of nutrients and sediment within the Ledge and Holman Creek watersheds upstream from Lake Rogers in Granville County, North Carolina. Eight monitoring locations were established in all--five in Holman Creek and three in Ledge Creek--for collecting discharge and water-quality data during different streamflow conditions. Water-quality samples were collected during two sampling events in the fall of 2005 for analysis of major ions, nutrients, suspended sediment, and fecal-indicator bacteria. Water-quality samples were collected during three sampling events in the winter and spring of 2008 for analysis of nutrients and suspended sediment.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081319","collaboration":"Prepared for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Harden, S.L., and Giorgino, M.J., 2008, Water-Quality Characteristics of Ledge Creek and Holman Creek Upstream from Lake Rogers, Granville County, North Carolina, 2005 and 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1319, iv, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081319.","productDescription":"iv, 25 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2005-09-01","temporalEnd":"2008-04-30","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197994,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12005,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1319/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Holman Creek, Ledge Creek","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -78.76666666666667,36.11666666666667 ], [ -78.76666666666667,36.233333333333334 ], [ -78.65,36.233333333333334 ], [ -78.65,36.11666666666667 ], [ -78.76666666666667,36.11666666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f2e4b07f02db5eebf9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harden, Stephen L. 0000-0001-6886-0099 slharden@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6886-0099","contributorId":2212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"Stephen","email":"slharden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":300857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Giorgino, Mary J.","contributorId":55862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giorgino","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":300858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":97028,"text":"ofr20081311 - 2008 - A Brief Test of the Tokyo Sokushin VSE-355G3 Strong Motion Velocity Seismometer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:25","indexId":"ofr20081311","displayToPublicDate":"2008-10-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1311","title":"A Brief Test of the Tokyo Sokushin VSE-355G3 Strong Motion Velocity Seismometer","docAbstract":"The VSE-355G3 seismometer is a broadband seismometer (called a 'servo velocity meter' by Tokyo Sokushin) with a specified clip level of 2 m/s and a flat response to earth velocity from 0.008 Hertz (Hz) to 70 Hz. Mr. Yokoi and Mr. Kurahashi of Tokyo Sokushin shipped one instrument to the U. S. Geological Survey's Albuquerque Seismological Laboratory (ASL) for testing in early September 2007. They gave a presentation on this instrument and some of their other products to the authors and others on September 6, 2007. Testing of the VSE-355G3, Serial Number 70520, commenced on Friday, September 7, 2007.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081311","usgsCitation":"Hutt, C.R., Evans, J.R., and Yokoi, I., 2008, A Brief Test of the Tokyo Sokushin VSE-355G3 Strong Motion Velocity Seismometer (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1311, 44 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081311.","productDescription":"44 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195402,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11997,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1311/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd494ce4b0b290850ef086","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hutt, Charles R. 0000-0001-9033-9195 bhutt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9033-9195","contributorId":1622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutt","given":"Charles","email":"bhutt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":300825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evans, John R. jrevans@usgs.gov","contributorId":529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"John","email":"jrevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":300824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yokoi, Isamu","contributorId":105006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yokoi","given":"Isamu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":300826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":97027,"text":"ofr20081287 - 2008 - Assessment of Appalachian Basin Oil and Gas Resources: Utica-Lower Paleozoic Total Petroleum System","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:05","indexId":"ofr20081287","displayToPublicDate":"2008-10-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1287","title":"Assessment of Appalachian Basin Oil and Gas Resources: Utica-Lower Paleozoic Total Petroleum System","docAbstract":"The Utica-Lower Paleozoic Total Petroleum System (TPS) is an important TPS identified in the 2002 U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) assessment of undiscovered, technically recoverable oil and gas resources in the Appalachian basin province (Milici and others, 2003). The TPS is named for the Upper Ordovician Utica Shale, which is the primary source rock, and for multiple lower Paleozoic sandstone and carbonate units that are the important reservoirs. Upper Cambrian through Upper Silurian petroleum-bearing strata that constitute the Utica-Lower Paleozoic TPS thicken eastward from about 2,700 ft at the western margin of the Appalachian basin to about 12,000 ft at the thrust-faulted eastern margin of the Appalachian basin. The Utica-Lower Paleozoic TPS covers approximately 170,000 mi2 of the Appalachian basin from northeastern Tennessee to southeastern New York and from central Ohio to eastern West Virginia. The boundary of the TPS is defined by the following geologic features: (1) the northern boundary (from central Ontario to northeastern New York) extends along the outcrop limit of the Utica Shale-Trenton Limestone; (2) the northeastern boundary (from southeastern New York, through southeastern Pennsylvania-western Maryland-easternmost West Virginia, to northern Virginia) extends along the eastern limit of the Utica Shale-Trenton Limestone in the thrust-faulted eastern margin of the Appalachian basin; (3) the southeastern boundary (from west-central and southwestern Virginia to eastern Tennessee) extends along the eastern limit of the Trenton Limestone in the thrust-faulted eastern margin of the Appalachian basin; (4) the southwestern boundary (from eastern Tennessee, through eastern Kentucky, to southwestern Ohio) extends along the approximate facies change from the Trenton Limestone with thin black shale interbeds (on the east) to the equivalent Lexington Limestone without black shale interbeds (on the west); (5) the northern part of the boundary in southwestern Ohio to the Indiana border extends along an arbitrary boundary between the Utica Shale of the Appalachian basin and the Utica Shale of the Sebree trough (Kolata and others, 2001); and (6) the northwestern boundary (from east-central Indiana, through northwesternmost Ohio and southeasternmost Michigan, to central Ontario) extends along the approximate southeastern boundary of the Michigan Basin. \r\n\r\nAlthough the Utica-Lower Paleozoic TPS extends into northwestern Ohio, southeastern Michigan, and northeastern Indiana, these areas have been assigned to the Michigan Basin (Swezey and others, 2005) and are outside the scope of this report. Furthermore, although the northern part of the Utica-Lower Paleozoic TPS extends across the Great Lakes (Lake Erie and Lake Ontario) into southern Ontario, Canada, only the undiscovered oil and gas resources in the U.S. waters of the Great Lakes have been included in the USGS assessment of the Utica-Lower Paleozoic TPS. This TPS is similar to the Point Pleasant-Brassfield petroleum system previously identified by Drozd and Cole (1994) in the Ohio part of the Appalachian basin.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081287","usgsCitation":"Ryder, R., 2008, Assessment of Appalachian Basin Oil and Gas Resources: Utica-Lower Paleozoic Total Petroleum System: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1287, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081287.","productDescription":"29 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198343,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11996,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1287/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672996","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ryder, Robert T.","contributorId":77918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryder","given":"Robert T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":300823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":97032,"text":"ofr20081322 - 2008 - Flood of June 7-9, 2008, in Central and Southern Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-21T11:50:44","indexId":"ofr20081322","displayToPublicDate":"2008-10-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1322","title":"Flood of June 7-9, 2008, in Central and Southern Indiana","docAbstract":"On June 6-7, 2008, heavy rainfall of 2 to more than 10 inches fell upon saturated soils and added to already high streamflows from a wetter than normal spring in central and southern Indiana. The heavy rainfall resulted in severe flooding on many streams within the White River Basin during June 7-9, causing three deaths, evacuation of thousands of residents, and hundreds of millions of dollars of damage to residences, businesses, infrastructure, and agricultural lands. In all, 39 Indiana counties were declared Federal disaster areas. U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) streamgages at nine locations recorded new record peak streamflows for the respective periods of record as a result of the heavy rainfall. Recurrence intervals of flood-peak streamflows were estimated to be greater than 100 years at five streamgages and 50-100 years at two streamgages. Peak-gage-height data, peak-streamflow data, and recurrence intervals are tabulated for 19 USGS streamgages in central and southern Indiana. Peak-streamflow estimates are tabulated for four ungaged locations, and estimated recurrence intervals are tabulated for three ungaged locations. The estimated recurrence interval for an ungaged location on Haw Creek in Columbus was greater than 100 years and for an ungaged location on Hurricane Creek in Franklin was 50-100 years. Because flooding was particularly severe in the communities of Columbus, Edinburgh, Franklin, Paragon, Seymour, Spencer, Martinsville, Newberry, and Worthington, high-water-mark data collected after the flood were tabulated for those communities. Flood peak inundation maps and water-surface profiles for selected streams were made in a geographic information system by combining the high-water-mark data with the highest-resolution digital elevation model data available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081322","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency and the Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water","usgsCitation":"Morlock, S.E., Menke, C.D., Arvin, D.V., and Kim, M.H., 2008, Flood of June 7-9, 2008, in Central and Southern Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1322, Report: iv, 15 p.; 3 Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081322.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 15 p.; 3 Appendixes","startPage":"1","endPage":"15","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2008-06-06","temporalEnd":"2008-06-09","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195652,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12002,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1322/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88,38 ], [ -88,40.5 ], [ -85,40.5 ], [ -85,38 ], [ -88,38 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e7065","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morlock, Scott E. smorlock@usgs.gov","contributorId":3212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morlock","given":"Scott","email":"smorlock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":300852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Menke, Chad D. cdmenke@usgs.gov","contributorId":3209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Menke","given":"Chad","email":"cdmenke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":300849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arvin, Donald V. dvarvin@usgs.gov","contributorId":3210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arvin","given":"Donald","email":"dvarvin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":300850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kim, Moon H. 0000-0002-4328-8409 mkim@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4328-8409","contributorId":3211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"Moon","email":"mkim@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":300851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":97022,"text":"ofr20081174 - 2008 - Enhanced sidescan-sonar imagery, north-central Long Island Sound","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-10T16:19:41.707421","indexId":"ofr20081174","displayToPublicDate":"2008-10-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1174","title":"Enhanced sidescan-sonar imagery, north-central Long Island Sound","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection have been working cooperatively to map the sea-floor geology within Long Island Sound. Sidescan-sonar imagery collected during three NOAA hydrographic surveys (H11043, H11044, and H11045) was used to interpret the surficial-sediment distribution and sedimentary environments within the Sound. The original sidescan-sonar imagery generated by NOAA was used to evaluate hazards to navigation, which does not require consistent tonal matching throughout the survey. In order to fully utilize these data for geologic interpretation, artifacts within the imagery, primarily due to sidescan-system settings (for example, gain changes), processing techniques (for example, lack of across-track normalization) and environmental noise (for example, sea state), need to be minimized. Sidescan-sonar imagery from surveys H11043, H11044, and H11045 in north-central Long Island Sound was enhanced by matching the grayscale tones between adjacent sidescan-sonar lines to decrease the patchwork effect caused by numerous artifacts and to provide a more coherent sidescan-sonar image for use in geologic interpretation.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081174","usgsCitation":"McMullen, K., Poppe, L., Schattgen, P., and Doran, E.F., 2008, Enhanced sidescan-sonar imagery, north-central Long Island Sound: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1174, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081174.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-007293","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195290,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11990,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1174/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New York, Connecticut","otherGeospatial":"north-central Long Island Sound","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -74,40.5 ], [ -74,41.666666666666664 ], [ -72,41.666666666666664 ], [ -72,40.5 ], [ -74,40.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","contact":"","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602829","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McMullen, K. Y.","contributorId":51857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMullen","given":"K.","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":300814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poppe, L. J.","contributorId":72782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poppe","given":"L.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":300815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schattgen, P. T.","contributorId":16525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schattgen","given":"P.","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":300812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doran, E. F.","contributorId":31066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doran","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":300813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":86666,"text":"ofr20081321 - 2008 - Preliminary model of porphyry copper deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-19T10:15:27","indexId":"ofr20081321","displayToPublicDate":"2008-10-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1321","title":"Preliminary model of porphyry copper deposits","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Mineral Resources Program develops mineral-deposit models for application in USGS mineral-resource assessments and other mineral resource-related activities within the USGS as well as for nongovernmental applications. Periodic updates of models are published in order to incorporate new concepts and findings on the occurrence, nature, and origin of specific mineral deposit types. This update is a preliminary model of porphyry copper deposits that begins an update process of porphyry copper models published in USGS Bulletin 1693 in 1986. This update includes a greater variety of deposit attributes than were included in the 1986 model as well as more information about each attribute. It also includes an expanded discussion of geophysical and remote sensing attributes and tools useful in resource evaluations, a summary of current theoretical concepts of porphyry copper deposit genesis, and a summary of the environmental attributes of unmined and mined deposits.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081321","usgsCitation":"Berger, B.R., Ayuso, R.A., Wynn, J.C., and Seal, R., 2008, Preliminary model of porphyry copper deposits (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1321, iv, 55 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081321.","productDescription":"iv, 55 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190662,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11877,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1321/","text":"Index Page","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":358555,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1321/pdf/OF081321_508.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e574","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berger, Byron R. bberger@usgs.gov","contributorId":1490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berger","given":"Byron","email":"bberger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ayuso, Robert A. 0000-0002-8496-9534 rayuso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8496-9534","contributorId":2654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayuso","given":"Robert","email":"rayuso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wynn, Jeffrey C.","contributorId":81081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wynn","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Seal, Robert R. II 0000-0003-0901-2529 rseal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0901-2529","contributorId":397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal","given":"Robert R.","suffix":"II","email":"rseal@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":86672,"text":"ofr20081254 - 2008 - Potential effects of a scenario earthquake on the economy of southern California: Intraregional commuter, worker, and earnings flow analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-10T20:59:52.441809","indexId":"ofr20081254","displayToPublicDate":"2008-10-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1254","title":"Potential effects of a scenario earthquake on the economy of southern California: Intraregional commuter, worker, and earnings flow analysis","docAbstract":"The Multi-Hazards Demonstration Project (MHDP) is a collaboration between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and various partners from the public and private sectors and academia, meant to improve Southern California's resiliency to natural hazards (Jones and others, 2007). In support of the MHDP objectives, the ShakeOut Scenario was developed. It describes a magnitude 7.8 (M7.8) earthquake along the southernmost 300 kilometers (200 miles) of the San Andreas Fault, identified by geoscientists as a plausible event that will cause moderate to strong shaking over much of the eight-county (Imperial, Kern, Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, San Diego, and Ventura) Southern California region (Jones and others, 2008). This report uses selected datasets from the U.S. Census Bureau and the State of California's Employment Development Department to develop preliminary estimates of the number and spatial distribution of commuters who cross the San Andreas Fault and to characterize these commuters by the industries in which they work and their total earnings. The analysis concerns the relative exposure of the region's economy to the effects of the earthquake as described by the location, volume, and earnings of those commuters who work in each of the region's economic sectors. It is anticipated that damage to transportation corridors traversing the fault would lead to at least short-term disruptions in the ability of commuters to travel between their places of residence and work.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081254","usgsCitation":"Sherrouse, B.C., and Hester, D.J., 2008, Potential effects of a scenario earthquake on the economy of southern California: Intraregional commuter, worker, and earnings flow analysis (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1254, iv, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081254.","productDescription":"iv, 14 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":547,"text":"Rocky Mountain Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194990,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":402075,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_84934.htm"},{"id":11883,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1254/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.1950,\n 32.5344\n ],\n [\n -114.1306,\n 32.5344\n ],\n [\n -114.1306,\n 35.7883\n ],\n [\n -120.1950,\n 35.7883\n ],\n [\n -120.1950,\n 32.5344\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683946","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sherrouse, Benson C.","contributorId":37831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrouse","given":"Benson","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hester, D. J. 0000-0003-0249-7164 dhester@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0249-7164","contributorId":2447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hester","given":"D.","email":"dhester@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":86664,"text":"ofr20081252 - 2008 - Mercury Deposition Network Site Operator Training for the System Blank and Blind Audit Programs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:29","indexId":"ofr20081252","displayToPublicDate":"2008-10-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1252","title":"Mercury Deposition Network Site Operator Training for the System Blank and Blind Audit Programs","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey operates the external quality assurance project for the National Atmospheric Deposition Program/Mercury Deposition Network. The project includes the system blank and blind audit programs for assessment of total mercury concentration data quality for wet-deposition samples. This presentation was prepared to train new site operators and to refresh experienced site operators to successfully process and submit system blank and blind audit samples for chemical analysis. Analytical results are used to estimate chemical stability and contamination levels of National Atmospheric Deposition Program/Mercury Deposition Network samples and to evaluate laboratory variability and bias.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081252","collaboration":"In association with The National Atmospheric Deposition Program","usgsCitation":"Wetherbee, G.A., and Lehmann, C.M., 2008, Mercury Deposition Network Site Operator Training for the System Blank and Blind Audit Programs (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1252, Available online and on CD-ROM;\r\nDownloads Directory: ReadMe & Windows Media Video file, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081252.","productDescription":"Available online and on CD-ROM;\r\nDownloads Directory: ReadMe & Windows Media Video file","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":11873,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1252/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":195224,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ce4b07f02db613dfe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wetherbee, Gregory A. 0000-0002-6720-2294 wetherbe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6720-2294","contributorId":1044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wetherbee","given":"Gregory","email":"wetherbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":143,"text":"Branch of Quality Systems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lehmann, Christopher M.B.","contributorId":84859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lehmann","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"M.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":86659,"text":"ofr20081274 - 2008 - Debris flows and floods in southeastern Arizona from extreme precipitation in July 2006 — Magnitude, frequency, and sediment delivery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-14T22:03:03.813034","indexId":"ofr20081274","displayToPublicDate":"2008-10-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1274","displayTitle":"Debris Flows and Floods in Southeastern Arizona from Extreme Precipitation in July 2006 — Magnitude, Frequency, and Sediment Delivery","title":"Debris flows and floods in southeastern Arizona from extreme precipitation in July 2006 — Magnitude, frequency, and sediment delivery","docAbstract":"From July 31 to August 1, 2006, an unusual set of atmospheric conditions aligned to produce record floods and an unprecedented number of slope failures and debris flows in southeastern Arizona. During the week leading up to the event, an upper-level low-pressure system centered over New Mexico generated widespread and locally heavy rainfall in southeastern Arizona, culminating in a series of strong, mesoscale convective systems that affected the region in the early morning hours of July 31 and August 1. Rainfall from July 27 through 30 provided sufficient antecedent moisture that the storms of July 31 through August 1 resulted in record streamflow flooding in northeastern Pima County and eastern Pinal County. The rainfall caused at least 623 slope failures in four mountain ranges, including more than 30 near Bowie Mountain in the northern Chiracahua Mountains, and 113 at the southern end of the Huachuca Mountains within and adjacent to Coronado National Memorial.
In the Santa Catalina Mountains north of Tucson, 435 slope failures spawned debris flows on July 31 that, together with flood runoff, damaged structures and roads, affecting infrastructure within Tucson’s urban boundary. Heavy, localized rainfall in the Galiuro Mountains on August 1, 2006, resulted in at least 45 slope failures and an unknown number of debris flows in Aravaipa Canyon. In the southern Santa Catalina Mountains, the maximum 3-day precipitation measured at a climate station for July 29-31 was 12.04 in., which has a 1,200-year recurrence interval. Other rainfall totals from late July to August 1 in southeastern Arizona also exceeded 1,000-year recurrence intervals. The storms produced floods of record along six watercourses, and these floods had recurrence intervals of 100-500 years. Repeat photography suggests that the spate of slope failures was historically unprecedented, and geologic mapping and cosmogenic dating of ancient debris-flow deposits indicate that debris flows reaching alluvial fans in the Tucson basin are extremely rare events. Although recent watershed changes—particularly the impacts of recent wildland fires—may be important locally, the record number of slope failures and debris flows were related predominantly to extreme precipitation, not other factors such as fire history.
The large number of slope failures and debris flows in an area with few such occurrences historically underscores the rarity of this type of meteorological event in southeastern Arizona. Most slope failures appeared to be shallow-seated slope failures of colluvium on steep slopes that caused deep scour of chutes and substantial aggradation of channels downstream. In the southern Santa Catalina Mountains, we estimate that 1.5 million tons of sediment were released from slope failures into the channels of ten drainage basins. Thirty-six percent of this sediment (527,000 tons) is gravel-sized or smaller and is likely to be transported by streamflow out of the mountain drainages and into the drainage network of metropolitan Tucson. This sediment poses a potential flood hazard by reducing conveyance in fixed-section flood control structures along Rillito Creek and its major tributaries, although our estimates suggest that deposition may be small if it is distributed widely along the channel, which is expected.
Using the stochastic debris-flow model LAHARZ, we simulated debris-flow transport from slope failures to the apices of alluvial fans flanking the southern Santa Catalina Mountains. Despite considerable uncertainty in applying coefficients developed from worldwide observations to conditions in the southern Santa Catalina Mountains, we predicted the approximate area of depositional zones for several 2006 debris flows, particularly for Soldier Canyon. Better results could be achieved in some canyons if sediment budgets could be developed to account for alternating transport and deposition zones in channels with abrupt expansions and contractions, such as Rattlesnake Canyon.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081274","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Pima County Regional Flood Control District","usgsCitation":"Webb, R., Magirl, C.S., Griffiths, P.G., and Boyer, D.E., 2008, Debris flows and floods in southeastern Arizona from extreme precipitation in July 2006 — Magnitude, frequency, and sediment delivery: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1274, vi, 95 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081274.","productDescription":"vi, 95 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2006-07-27","temporalEnd":"2006-08-01","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":49157,"text":"Rocky Mountain Regional Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190695,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11868,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1274/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":402192,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_84761.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Santa Catalina Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.85205078124999,\n 32.310348764525806\n ],\n [\n -110.64880371093749,\n 32.310348764525806\n ],\n [\n -110.64880371093749,\n 32.44024912337551\n ],\n [\n -110.85205078124999,\n 32.44024912337551\n ],\n [\n -110.85205078124999,\n 32.310348764525806\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db6728e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Webb, Robert H. rhwebb@usgs.gov","contributorId":1573,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Webb","given":"Robert H.","email":"rhwebb@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":12625,"text":"School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":297412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Magirl, Christopher S. 0000-0002-9922-6549 magirl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9922-6549","contributorId":1822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magirl","given":"Christopher","email":"magirl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Griffiths, Peter G. 0000-0002-8663-8907 pggriffi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8663-8907","contributorId":187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffiths","given":"Peter","email":"pggriffi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":297411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Boyer, Diane E.","contributorId":22018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyer","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}