It is proposed that many summit basins along the Aleutian Arc form from the clockwise rotation of blocks of the arc massif. Summit basins are arc-parallel grabens or half-grabens formed within the arc massif and are commonly located near or along the axis of late Cenozoic volcanism. Geomorphically, the Aleutian Arc appears to consist of contiguous rhombic blocks of varying size, tens to hundreds of kilometers in length. The boundaries between adjacent blocks are delineated by fault-controlled canyons that cut the southern slope of the arc transverse to its regional trend. Evidence that these blocks have rotated clockwise is provided by the triangular-shaped summit basins bordering the blocks to the north, oblique physiographic trends, offsets in the summit platform, and broad deflections in the southern slope of the arc. We present a model for block rotation that involves translation of blocks parallel to an arc. It is suggested that block rotation, which appears to have accelerated in late Cenozoic time, is linked to (1) a shift in the Euler pole for the Pacific plate, (2) the consequential start-up of late Cenozoic volcanism, (3) improved interplate coupling instigated by sediment flooding of the Aleutian Trench, and (4) westward subduction of northeast striking segments of the inactive Kula-Pacific Ridge.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TC007i002p00327","issn":"02787407","usgsCitation":"Geist, E., Childs, J., and Scholl, D., 1988, The origin of summit basins on the Aleutian Ridge: Implications for block rotation of an arc massif: Tectonics, v. 7, no. 2, p. 327-341, https://doi.org/10.1029/TC007i002p00327.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"327","endPage":"341","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226066,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Aleutian Ridge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -182.82659819331917,\n 56.878412454140914\n ],\n [\n -182.82659819331917,\n 50.315460649064136\n ],\n [\n -159.4163666014261,\n 50.315460649064136\n ],\n [\n -159.4163666014261,\n 56.878412454140914\n ],\n [\n -182.82659819331917,\n 56.878412454140914\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"7","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bae6ee4b08c986b3240c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Geist, E.L. 0000-0003-0611-1150","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0611-1150","contributorId":71993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geist","given":"E.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Childs, J.R.","contributorId":63011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Childs","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scholl, D.W.","contributorId":106461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholl","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014354,"text":"70014354 - 1988 - Geologic structure of the northern New Caledonia ridge, as inferred from magnetic and gravity anomalies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-10T15:32:25.430354","indexId":"70014354","displayToPublicDate":"2010-07-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3524,"text":"Tectonics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic structure of the northern New Caledonia ridge, as inferred from magnetic and gravity anomalies","docAbstract":"Bathymetric, gravity, and magnetic data collected in the southwest Pacific Ocean over the northern New Caledonia ridge show that the main geological units known from the island of New Caledonia extend northward from this island, beneath the Grand Lagon Nord, the Grand Passage, and the d'Entrecasteaux reefs. These data support the model of tectonic evolution of the New Caledonia region proposed by Kroenke [1984]. We interpret a linear axial gravity low that extends from southern New Caledonia to the Grand Passage as evidence for the continuity of the thick pre-Permian to Jurassic core of the island. The Belep magnetic pattern, which covers the southwestern half of the Grand Lagon Nord, shows linear, high relief (1000–2000 nT) anomalies that are locally associated with a 120-mGal gravity high. These magnetic and gravity anomalies resemble anomalies measured over the west coast of New Caledonia, suggesting that the Cretaceous to Eocene basaltic complex of the coastal area is overlain by ophiolite remnants as far north as the western d'Entrecasteaux reefs. The similarity between the Belep magnetic pattern and a highly magnetic province evident 200 km southwest across the New Caledonia basin, along the Fairway ridge, indicates that volcanic rocks lie symmetrically on both sides of the New Caledonia basin. We suggest that part of these volcanic rocks were emplaced during the middle Cretaceous when the New Caledonia ridge rifted from the Australian margin. Simple gravity models of an elongated gravity high, having peak values in the range of +130 to +150 mGal, suggest that the ophiolite, which was thrust over New Caledonia during the Upper Eocene, extends along the east side of the Grand Lagon Nord and as far north as the d'Entrecasteaux reefs. Gravity and magnetic models suggest that in the area of the d'Entrecasteaux reefs, the ophiolite belt includes two subunits. The first subunit underlies the Huon-La Surprise platform and may include highly serpentinized ultramafic rocks without basaltic oceanic crust. The second subunit, which lies beneath the Guilbert ridge, may include ultramafic rocks as well as thin imbricate slices of oceanic crust. At the northern termination of the New Caledonia ridge, seismic and geopotential data evidence a major east-west trending tectonic zone that separates the basement of the New Caledonia ridge from the d'Entrecasteaux zone, an arcuate oceanic feature extending northward from the ridge. Differences in structure, geophysical signatures and morphology evident between areas north and those south of the Grand Passage, together with the nearness of the Le Noroit massif west of the Grand Passage, suggest that contemporaneously with Eocene to early Oligocene subduction along the western New Caledonia margin, an arc-ridge collision may have occurred near the northern termination of this subduction zone.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TC007i005p00991","issn":"02787407","usgsCitation":"Collot, J., Rigolot, P., and Missegue, F., 1988, Geologic structure of the northern New Caledonia ridge, as inferred from magnetic and gravity anomalies: Tectonics, v. 7, no. 5, p. 991-1013, https://doi.org/10.1029/TC007i005p00991.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"991","endPage":"1013","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226083,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"New Caledonia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 163.47203359037502,\n -19.65675118374793\n ],\n [\n 163.47203359037502,\n -23.02679639997224\n ],\n [\n 168.1838529120788,\n -23.02679639997224\n ],\n [\n 168.1838529120788,\n -19.65675118374793\n ],\n [\n 163.47203359037502,\n -19.65675118374793\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"7","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a21ebe4b0c8380cd56bd9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collot, J.-Y.","contributorId":39130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collot","given":"J.-Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rigolot, P.","contributorId":98889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rigolot","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Missegue, F.","contributorId":75286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Missegue","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5224409,"text":"5224409 - 1988 - Effects of zinc smelter emissions on farms and gardens at Palmerton, PA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-07T15:44:14","indexId":"5224409","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:06","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3616,"text":"Trace Substances in Environmental Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of zinc smelter emissions on farms and gardens at Palmerton, PA","docAbstract":"In 1979, before the primary Zn smelter at Palmerton was closed due to excessive Zn and Cd emissions and change in the price of Zn, we were contacted by a local veterinarian regarding death of foals (young horses) on farms near the smelter. To examine whether Zn or Cd contamination of forage or soils could be providing potentially toxic levels of Zn or other elements in the diets of foals, we measured metals in forages, soils, and feces of grazing livestock on two farms near Palmerton. The farms were about 2.5 and about 10 km northeast of the East stack. Soils, forages, and feces were greatly increased in Zn and Cd. Soil, forage, and fecal Zn were near 1000 mg/kg and Cd, 10-20 mg/kg at farm A (2.5 km) compared to normal background levels of 43 mg Zn and 0.2 mg Cd/kg, respectively. Liver and kidney of cattle raised on Farm A were increased in Zn and Cd, indicating that at least part of the Zn and Cd in smelter contaminated forages was bioavailable. During the farm sampling, we obtained soil from one garden in Palmerton within 200 m of the primary (West) smelter. The Borough surrounds the smelter facility in a valley. Because soil Cd was near 100 mg/kg, we sampled garden soils and vegetables from over 40 gardens in 6 randomly selected blocks and in rural areas at different distances from the smelter during September, 1980. All homes were contacted on each sampled block. Nearly all homes had some garden, while at least 2 appeared to grow over 50% of their annual vegetable and potato consumption. Palmerton garden soils averaged 76 mg Cd/kg and 5830 mg Zn/kg. Gardeners had been taught to add limestone and organic fertilizers to counteract yield reduction and chlorosis due to the excessive soil Zn. Gardens with over 5000 mg Zn/kg were nearly allover pH 7, and many were calcareous. Because the smelter had not yet ceased operations in 1980, crops could have been polluted by aerosol Zn and Cd emitted by the smelter. Crop Zn and Cd were extremely high, about 100 times normal Cd levels. In more distant gardens, soil metals were not so high, and gardeners had not added as much limestone. Bean rotated with the potatoes and leafy vegetables often suffered chlorosis and visible yield reduction. Potatoes contained up to 6 mg Cd/kg dry wt. compared to backgrournd 0.20 mg/kg DW. An estimate of potential Zn and Cd intakes due to the contaminated crops was made using the teen-aged male diet model, and average Cd intakes would be 250 ug/day if diets contained 100% locally grown leafy and root vegetables and potatoes. Gardeners were warned to restrict consumption of garden grown leafy and root vegetables and potatoes, and to apply 22 T/A of limestone to restrict Cd uptake. Use of improved adult diet models, and increased understanding of the effect of Zn on Cd bioavailability indicate that little Cd risk may result from consuming garden vegetables grown at Palmerton. Individuals appear to be protected because Zn accompanied crop Cd, they grew only small amounts of vegetables in most cases, and aerosol pollution of crops has ceased. Reduced Zn emissions, and Cu supplementation have prevented further health effects on foals or cattle. Detailed examination of these risks is needed to develop remedial measures for both farms and gardens in the Zn + Cd polluted soils near Zn smelters at many locations in the United States and other countries. Remedial actions are necessarary to prevent chronic Zn toxicity to crops and livestock, and minimize the risk of chronic Cd toxicity to humans who consume locally grown garden crops.
","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Chaney, R.L., Beyer, W., Gifford, C., and Sileo, L., 1988, Effects of zinc smelter emissions on farms and gardens at Palmerton, PA: Trace Substances in Environmental Health, v. 22, p. 263-280.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"263","endPage":"280","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202386,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":299697,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236400202_Effects_of_zinc_smelter_emissions_on_farms_and_gardens_at_Palmerton_PA"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","city":"Palmerton","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.80703735351562,\n 40.725925340669626\n ],\n [\n -75.80909729003906,\n 40.72228267283148\n ],\n [\n -75.77407836914062,\n 40.686886382151116\n ],\n [\n -75.72807312011719,\n 40.72124187397379\n ],\n [\n -75.65322875976562,\n 40.74465591168391\n ],\n [\n -75.51864624023438,\n 40.7717018705776\n ],\n [\n -75.37513732910156,\n 40.80237530523985\n ],\n [\n -75.39985656738281,\n 40.83355409739852\n ],\n [\n -75.53924560546875,\n 40.842385424129375\n ],\n [\n -75.67176818847656,\n 40.80705305827059\n ],\n [\n -75.80703735351562,\n 40.725925340669626\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60fb0c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chaney, R. L.","contributorId":81851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chaney","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beyer, W. N. 0000-0002-8911-9141","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8911-9141","contributorId":55379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beyer","given":"W. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gifford, C.H.","contributorId":99934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gifford","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sileo, L.","contributorId":46895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sileo","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5221948,"text":"5221948 - 1988 - MARKOV: A methodology for the solution of infinite time horizon MARKOV decision processes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:36","indexId":"5221948","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:06","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":848,"text":"Applied Stochastic Models and Data Analysis","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"MARKOV: A methodology for the solution of infinite time horizon MARKOV decision processes","docAbstract":"Algorithms are described for determining optimal policies for finite state, finite action, infinite discrete time horizon Markov decision processes. Both value-improvement and policy-improvement techniques are used in the algorithms. Computing procedures are also described. The algorithms are appropriate for processes that are either finite or infinite, deterministic or stochastic, discounted or undiscounted, in any meaningful combination of these features. Computing procedures are described in terms of initial data processing, bound improvements, process reduction, and testing and solution. Application of the methodology is illustrated with an example involving natural resource management. Management implications of certain hypothesized relationships between mallard survival and harvest rates are addressed by applying the optimality procedures to mallard population models.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Stochastic Models and Data Analysis","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/asm.3150040405","usgsCitation":"Williams, B.K., 1988, MARKOV: A methodology for the solution of infinite time horizon MARKOV decision processes: Applied Stochastic Models and Data Analysis, v. 4, no. 4, p. 253-271, https://doi.org/10.1002/asm.3150040405.","productDescription":"253-271","startPage":"253","endPage":"271","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":17888,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asm.3150040405","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":193793,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db648b8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, B. Kenneth","contributorId":107798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"Kenneth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5220732,"text":"5220732 - 1988 - Organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, and mercury in osprey eggs – 1970-79 – And their relationships to shell thinning and productivity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-12T15:34:56.79531","indexId":"5220732","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:06","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, and mercury in osprey eggs – 1970-79 – And their relationships to shell thinning and productivity","docAbstract":"Osprey (Pandion haliaetus) eggs were collected in 14 states in 1970–79 and analyzed for organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and mercury. Moderate shell thinning occurred in eggs from several areas. DDE was detected in all eggs, PCBs in 99%, DDD in 96%, dieldrin in 52%, and other compounds less frequently. Concentrations of DDT and its metabolites declined in eggs from Cape May County, New Jersey between 1970–72 and 1978–79. Eggs from New Jersey in the early 1970s contained the highest concentrations of DDE. Dieldrin concentrations declined in eggs from the Potomac River, Maryland during 1971–77. Five different contaminants were significantly negatively correlated with shell thickness; DDE was most closely correlated. Ten percent shell thinning was associated with 2.0 ppm DDE, 15% with 4.2 ppm, and 20% with 8.7 ppm in eggs collected from randomly selected nests before egg loss. Shell thickness could not be accurately predicted from DDE concentrations in eggs collected after failure to hatch, presumably because the eggs with the thinnest shells had been broken and were unavailable for sampling. DDE was also significantly negatively correlated with brood size. Other contaminants did not appear to adversely affect shell thickness or reproductive success.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01061982","usgsCitation":"Wiemeyer, S.N., Bunck, C.M., and Krynitsky, A.J., 1988, Organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, and mercury in osprey eggs – 1970-79 – And their relationships to shell thinning and productivity: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 17, no. 6, p. 767-787, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01061982.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"767","endPage":"787","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196454,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a825","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wiemeyer, Stanley N.","contributorId":78279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiemeyer","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bunck, Christine M. cbunck@usgs.gov","contributorId":731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunck","given":"Christine","email":"cbunck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":332312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krynitsky, Alexander J.","contributorId":81542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krynitsky","given":"Alexander","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5230097,"text":"5230097 - 1988 - Demographic Characteristics of a Maine Woodcock Population and Effects of Habitat Management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:22","indexId":"5230097","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T10:33:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":25,"text":"Fish and Wildlife Research","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"No. 4","title":"Demographic Characteristics of a Maine Woodcock Population and Effects of Habitat Management","docAbstract":"A population of American woodcock (Scolopax minor) was studied on a 3,401-ha area of the Moosehorn National Wildlife Refuge in northeastern Maine from 1976 through 1985. During 1976-83, from 4 to 64 clearcuts were created each year, opening up large contiguous blocks of forest. A combination of mist nets, ground traps, nightlighting techniques, and trained dogs were used to capture and band 1,884 birds during the first 5 years. Capture and recapture data (totaling 3,009 observations) were used with both demographically closed and open population models to estimate population size and, for open population models, summer survival. Flying young, especially young males, represented the greatest proportion of all captures; analysis showed that young males were more prone to capture than young females. Male courtship began about 24 March each year, usually when there was still snow in wooded areas. Males ~2 years old dominated singing grounds during April each year, but this situation changed and first-year males dominated singing grounds in May. Singing males shifted from older established singing grounds to new clearcuts soon after we initiated forest management. Many males were subdominant at singing grounds despite an abundance of unoccupied openings. Three hundred adult females were captured and, except for 1978, the majority were ~2 years old. The year in which female homing rate was lowest(1979) was preceded by the year with the largest number of l-year-old brood female captures and a summer drought. Summer survival of young was lowest in 1978 and was attributed to summer drought. The year 1979 had an abnormally cool and wet spring, and was the poorest for production of young. Capture ratios of young-to-adult females obtained by nightlighting could be used to predict production on our study area. Closed population model estimates did not seem to fit either young or adult data sets well. Instead, a partially open capture-recapture model that allowed death but no immigration seemed to fit best. Only the number of males in the population changed significantly during the study. An increase from 88 males in 1976 to 156 in 1980 was attributed to habitat management. Singingmale surveys on our area detected little change in the number of singing males, but our independent population estimates from mark-recapture data showed a larger total male population by 1980. Annual density estimates for all age and sex classes ranged from 19 to 25 birds/l00 ha. A hypothesis on the breeding system of the American woodcock is presented as well as a discussion of management implications, including the importance of creating high-quality habitat on private lands.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","collaboration":"NTIS Accession Number: PB88-249263 3577_Dwyer.pdf","usgsCitation":"Dwyer, T., Sepik, G., Derleth, E., and McAuley, D., 1988, Demographic Characteristics of a Maine Woodcock Population and Effects of Habitat Management: Fish and Wildlife Research No. 4, iii, 29.","productDescription":"iii, 29","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202640,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab2e4b07f02db66ed68","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dwyer, T.J.","contributorId":56177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dwyer","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sepik, G.F.","contributorId":101348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sepik","given":"G.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Derleth, E.L.","contributorId":31483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Derleth","given":"E.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McAuley, D.G. 0000-0003-3674-6392","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3674-6392","contributorId":15296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAuley","given":"D.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5211245,"text":"5211245 - 1988 - Raptors and aircraft","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:24","indexId":"5211245","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:19","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesNumber":"11","title":"Raptors and aircraft","docAbstract":"Less than 5% of all bird strikes of aircraft are by raptor species, but damage to airframe structure or jet engine dysfunction are likely consequences. Beneficial aircraft-raptor interactions include the use of raptor species to frighten unwanted birds from airport areas and the use of aircraft to census raptor species. Many interactions, however, modify the raptor?s immediate behavior and some may decrease reproduction of sensitive species. Raptors may respond to aircraft stimuli by exhibiting alarm, increased heart rate, flushing or fleeing and occasionally by directly attacking intruding aircraft. To date, most studies reveal that raptor responses to aircraft are brief and do not limit reproduction; however, additional study is needed.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Southwest Raptor Management Symposium and Workshop","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Wildlife Federation","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","usgsCitation":"Smith, D., Ellis, D.H., and Johnson, T., 1988, Raptors and aircraft, chap. of Proceedings of the Southwest Raptor Management Symposium and Workshop, p. 360-367.","productDescription":"xv, 395","startPage":"360","endPage":"367","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203062,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db64934a","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Glinski, Richard L.","contributorId":114079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glinski","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507861,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pendleton, Beth Giron","contributorId":111970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pendleton","given":"Beth","email":"","middleInitial":"Giron","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507858,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moss, Mary Beth","contributorId":114080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moss","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"Beth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507862,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"LeFranc, Maurice N.= Jr.","contributorId":113626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeFranc","given":"Maurice","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.=","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507860,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Millsap, Brian A.","contributorId":75841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Millsap","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507857,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hoffman, Stephen W.","contributorId":112328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507859,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":6}],"authors":[{"text":"Smith, D.G.","contributorId":49393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ellis, D. H.","contributorId":79830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, T.H.","contributorId":106618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"T.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5210401,"text":"5210401 - 1988 - Crested caracara","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:14","indexId":"5210401","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:17","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesNumber":"11","title":"Crested caracara","docAbstract":"The crested caracara's range extends from the southern United States south to Tierra del Fuego. Although the caracara has been recorded in all of the southwestern states, it occurs regularly only in southern Arizona and central, southern and coastal Texas. Its distribution is closely linked to the availability of carrion. Throughout its range, thecaracara is associated with open habitats such as desertscrub, grassland and savanna. Nesting pairs usually produce one brood each breeding season, which extends from December through August. Eggs are laid from March into early June and clutch size averages two to three eggs. Young fledge in June and July and may remain with the adults for several weeks. Management recommendations for the crested caracara include clarifying its status in the Southwest. using supplemental feeding and modifying habitats to encourage recolonization of previously occupied areas and movement into new areas.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Southwest Raptor Management Symposium and Workshop. ","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Wildlife Federation.","usgsCitation":"Ellis, D.H., Smith, D., Whaley, W., and Ellis, C.H., 1988, Crested caracara, chap. of Proceedings of the Southwest Raptor Management Symposium and Workshop. , p. 119-126.","productDescription":"395","startPage":"119","endPage":"126","numberOfPages":"395","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195932,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad0e4b07f02db680b78","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Glinski, Richard L.","contributorId":114079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glinski","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506405,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pendleton, Beth Giron","contributorId":111970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pendleton","given":"Beth","email":"","middleInitial":"Giron","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506402,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moss, Mary Beth","contributorId":114080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moss","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"Beth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506406,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"LeFranc, Maurice N.= Jr.","contributorId":113626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeFranc","given":"Maurice","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.=","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506404,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Millsap, Brian A.","contributorId":75841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Millsap","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506401,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hoffman, Stephen W.","contributorId":112328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506403,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":6}],"authors":[{"text":"Ellis, D. H.","contributorId":79830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, D.G.","contributorId":49393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Whaley, W.H.","contributorId":19250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whaley","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ellis, Catherine H.","contributorId":83222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"Catherine","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5210411,"text":"5210411 - 1988 - An identifiable model for informative censoring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:17","indexId":"5210411","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:17","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"An identifiable model for informative censoring","docAbstract":"The usual model for censored survival analysis requires the assumption that censoring of observations arises only due to causes unrelated to the lifetime under consideration. It is easy to envision situations in which this assumption is unwarranted, and in which use of the Kaplan-Meier estimator and associated techniques will lead to unreliable analyses.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Computing Science and Statistics: Proceedings of the 20th Symposium on the Interface ","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Statistical Association","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","usgsCitation":"Link, W., 1988, An identifiable model for informative censoring, chap. of Computing Science and Statistics: Proceedings of the 20th Symposium on the Interface , p. 725-727.","productDescription":"xxxvii, 860","startPage":"725","endPage":"727","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200432,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b15fa","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Wegman, E.J.","contributorId":111626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wegman","given":"E.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506426,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gantz, D.T.","contributorId":113814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gantz","given":"D.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506427,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, J. J.","contributorId":54588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506425,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Link, W.A. 0000-0002-9913-0256","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9913-0256","contributorId":8815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Link","given":"W.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5210078,"text":"5210078 - 1988 - Some considerations in modeling the mallard life cycle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:15","indexId":"5210078","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:16","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Some considerations in modeling the mallard life cycle","docAbstract":"We outline a population model proposed to accommodate the full life cycle of the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos}. Events during the breeding season are better understood than events at other times of the year, but recent findings suggest the importance of phenomena away from the breeding grounds. Several processes are discussed relative to mallard population dynamics. Compensatory mortality is a poorly understood concept, but one that can overwhelm many other components of a population model. Diseases and environmental contaminants can inflict indirect as well as direct mortality and can reduce reproduction. They interact with numerous other variables in complex and yet unknown ways. Recent evidence of a wintering-ground effect on subsequent recruitment provides one avenue for modeling phenomena occurring at different times of the year. Finally, the role of heterogeneity among individuals is widely acknowledged but not fully appreciated. We illustrate with an example the importance of heterogenicity to population processes, including compensatory mortality.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Waterfowl in Winter","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of Minnesota Press","publisherLocation":"Minneapolis, MN","usgsCitation":"Johnson, D.H., Nichols, J., Conroy, M., and Cowardin, L., 1988, Some considerations in modeling the mallard life cycle, chap. of Waterfowl in Winter, p. 9-20.","productDescription":"xx, 624","startPage":"9","endPage":"20","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201240,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b19e4b07f02db6a7ebd","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Weller, Milton W.","contributorId":113630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weller","given":"Milton","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505966,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":70327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conroy, M.J.","contributorId":84690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conroy","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cowardin, L.M.","contributorId":106435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cowardin","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":80357,"text":"fwsobs82_10_153 - 1988 - Habitat Suitability Index Models: Red king crab","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-28T16:49:37.797722","indexId":"fwsobs82_10_153","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"82/10.153","subseriesTitle":"Habitat Suitability Index","title":"Habitat Suitability Index Models: Red king crab","docAbstract":"A review and synthesis of existing information were used to develop a Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) model for evaluating habitat of different life stages of red king crab (Paralithodes camtschatica). A model consolidates habitat use information into a framework appropriate for field application, and is scaled to produce an index between 0.0 (unsuitable habitat) and 1.0 (optimum habitat) in Alaskan coastal waters, especially in the Gulf of Alaska and the southeastern Bering Sea. HSI models are designed to be used with Habitat Evaluation Procedures previously developed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Jewett, S.C., and Onuf, C.P., 1988, Habitat Suitability Index Models: Red king crab: FWS/OBS 82/10.153, viii, 34 p.","productDescription":"viii, 34 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192438,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db6497d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jewett, Stephen C.","contributorId":94397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jewett","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Onuf, Christopher P.","contributorId":55091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Onuf","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70188654,"text":"70188654 - 1988 - A comparison of coupled freshwater-saltwater sharp-interface and convective-dispersive models of saltwater intrusion in a layered aquifer system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-20T13:12:16","indexId":"70188654","displayToPublicDate":"2006-07-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5430,"text":"Developments in Water Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparison of coupled freshwater-saltwater sharp-interface and convective-dispersive models of saltwater intrusion in a layered aquifer system","docAbstract":"Simulated results of the coupled freshwater-saltwater sharp interface and convective-dispersive numerical models are compared by using steady-state cross-sectional simulations. The results indicate that in some aquifers the calculated sharp interface is located further landward than would be expected.
","language":"English","publisher":"ScienceDirect","doi":"10.1016/S0167-5648(08)70340-X","usgsCitation":"Hill, M.C., 1988, A comparison of coupled freshwater-saltwater sharp-interface and convective-dispersive models of saltwater intrusion in a layered aquifer system: Developments in Water Science, p. 211-216, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-5648(08)70340-X.","productDescription":"6 p. ","startPage":"211","endPage":"216","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342668,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"594a342ae4b062508e36af65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, Mary C. mchill@usgs.gov","contributorId":974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Mary","email":"mchill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013758,"text":"70013758 - 1988 - Wind directions predicted from global circulation models and wind directions determined from eolian sandstones of the western United States - A comparison","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-23T16:31:50.185277","indexId":"70013758","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3368,"text":"Sedimentary Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wind directions predicted from global circulation models and wind directions determined from eolian sandstones of the western United States - A comparison","docAbstract":"Wind directions for Middle Pennsylvanian through Jurassic time are predicted from global circulation models for the western United States. These predictions are compared with paleowind directions interpreted from eolian sandstones of Middle Pennsylvanian through Jurassic age. Predicted regional wind directions correspond with at least three-quarters of the paleowind data from the sandstones; the rest of the data may indicate problems with correlation, local effects of paleogeography on winds, and lack of resolution of the circulation models. The data and predictions suggest the following paleoclimatic developments through the time interval studied: predominance of winter subtropical high-pressure circulation in the Late Pennsylvanian; predominance of summer subtropical high-pressure circulation in the Permian; predominance of summer monsoonal circulation in the Triassic and earliest Jurassic; and, during the remainder of the Jurassic, influence of both summer subtropical and summer monsoonal circulation, with the boundary between the two systems over the western United States. This sequence of climatic changes is largely owing to paleogeographic changes, which influenced the buildup and breakdown of the monsoonal circulation, and possibly owing partly to a decrease in the global temperature gradient, which might have lessened the influence of the subtropical high-pressure circulation. The atypical humidity of Triassic time probably resulted from the monsoonal circulation created by the geography of Pangaea. This circulation is predicted to have been at a maximum in the Triassic and was likely to have been powerful enough to draw moisture along the equator from the ocean to the west.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0037-0738(88)90056-5","issn":"00370738","usgsCitation":"Parrish, J.T., and Peterson, F., 1988, Wind directions predicted from global circulation models and wind directions determined from eolian sandstones of the western United States - A comparison: Sedimentary Geology, v. 56, no. 1-4, p. 261-282, https://doi.org/10.1016/0037-0738(88)90056-5.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"261","endPage":"282","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219820,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"western United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.74621008282108,\n 49.06616805150148\n ],\n [\n -125.43401456721674,\n 39.32461310117381\n ],\n [\n -119.27793710038266,\n 32.56336616144106\n ],\n [\n -115.2334004978079,\n 32.51076568885465\n ],\n [\n -111.20239429606127,\n 31.242030042874426\n ],\n [\n -108.28455707620282,\n 31.304765755873515\n ],\n [\n -108.0292631821473,\n 31.83904781537533\n ],\n [\n -103.76828878610942,\n 29.027187725122783\n ],\n [\n -96.37486337354892,\n 25.26617142567818\n ],\n [\n -95.52119849676404,\n 49.06616805150148\n ],\n [\n -124.74621008282108,\n 49.06616805150148\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"56","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd11fe4b08c986b32f245","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parrish, Judith T.","contributorId":83945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parrish","given":"Judith","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":366803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterson, F.","contributorId":93623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013812,"text":"70013812 - 1988 - Suspended sediment transport under estuarine tidal channel conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-23T16:06:21.592373","indexId":"70013812","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3368,"text":"Sedimentary Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Suspended sediment transport under estuarine tidal channel conditions","docAbstract":"A modified version of the GEOPROBE tripod has been used to monitor flow conditions and suspended sediment distribution in the bottom boundary layer of a tidal channel within San Francisco Bay, California. Measurements were made every 15 minutes over three successive tidal cycles. They included mean velocity profiles from four electromagnetic current meters within 1 m of the seabed; mean suspended sediment concentration profiles from seven miniature nephelometers operated within 1 m of the seabed; near-bottom pressure fluctuations; vertical temperature gradient; and bottom photographs. Additionally, suspended sediment was sampled from four levels within 1 m of the seabed three times during each successive flood and ebb cycle. While the instrument was deployed, STD-nephelometer measurements were made throughout the water column, water samples were collected each 1–2 hours, and bottom sediment was sampled at the deployment site.
From these measurements, estimates were made of particle settling velocity (ws) from size distributions of the suspended sediment, friction velocity (U*
Late Paleozoic and Mesozoic eolian deposits include rock units that were deposited in ergs (eolian sand seas), erg margins and dune fields. They form an important part of Middle Pennsylvanian through Upper Jurassic sedimentary rocks across the Western Interior of the United States. These sedimentary rock units comprise approximately three dozen major eolian-bearing sequences and several smaller ones. Isopach and facies maps and accompanying cross sections indicate that most eolian units display varied geometry and complex facies relations to adjacent non-eolian rocks.
Paleozoic erg deposits are widespread from Montana to Arizona and include Pennsylvanian formations (Weber, Tensleep, Casper and Quadrant Sandstones) chiefly in the Northern and Central Rocky Mountains with some deposits (Hermosa and Supai Groups) on the Colorado Plateau. Lower Permian (Wolfcampian) erg deposits (Weber, Tensleep, Casper, Minnelusa, Ingleside, Cedar Mesa, Elephant Canyon, Queantoweap and Esplanade Formations) are more widespread and thicken into the central Colorado Plateau. Middle Permian (Leonardian I) erg deposits (De Chelly and Schnebly Hill Formations) are distributed across the southern Colorado Plateau on the north edge of the Holbrook basin. Leonardian II erg deposits (Coconino and Glorieta Sandstones) are slightly more widespread on the southern Colorado Plateau. Leonardian III erg deposits formed adjacent to the Toroweap-Kaibab sea in Utah and Arizona (Coconino and White Rim Sandstones) and in north-central Colorado (Lyons Sandstone).
Recognized Triassic eolian deposits include major erg deposits in the Jelm Formation of central Colorado-Wyoming and smaller eolian deposits in the Rock Point Member of the Wingate Sandstone and upper Dolores Formation, both of the Four Corners region. None of these have as yet received a modern or thorough study.
Jurassic deposits of eolian origin extend from the Black Hills to the southern Cordilleran arc terrain. Lower Jurassic intervals include the Jurassic part of the Wingate Sandstone and the Navajo-Aztec-Nugget complex and coeval deposits in the arc terrain to the south and west of the Colorado Plateau. Major Middle Jurassic deposits include the Page Sandstone on the Colorado Plateau and the widespread Entrada Sandstone, Sundance Formation, and coeval deposits. Less extensive eolian deposits occur in the Carmel Formation, Temple Cap Sandstone, Romana Sandstone and Moab Tongue of the Entrada Sandstone, mostly on the central and western Colorado Plateau. Upper Jurassic eolian deposits include the Bluff Sandstone Member and Recapture Member of the Morrison Formation and Junction Creek Sandstone, all of the Four Corners region, and smaller eolian deposits in the Morrison Formation of central Wyoming and apparently coeval Unkpapa Sandstone of the Black Hills.
Late Paleozoic and Mesozoic eolian deposits responded to changing climatic, tectonic and eustatic controls that are documented elsewhere in this volume. All of the eolian deposits are intricately interbedded with non-eolian deposits, including units of fluvial, lacustrine and shallow-marine origin, clearly dispelling the myth that eolian sandstones are simple sheet-like bodies. Rather, these units form some of the most complex bodies in the stratigraphic record.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0037-0738(88)90050-4","issn":"00370738","usgsCitation":"Blakey, R., Peterson, F., and Kocurek, G., 1988, Synthesis of late Paleozoic and Mesozoic eolian deposits of the Western Interior of the United States: Sedimentary Geology, v. 56, no. 1-4, p. 3-125, https://doi.org/10.1016/0037-0738(88)90050-4.","productDescription":"123 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"125","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219996,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Western Interior","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.23688691457892,\n 46.72509987687408\n ],\n [\n -118.23688691457892,\n 31.343474124109605\n ],\n [\n -102.41490414213115,\n 31.343474124109605\n ],\n [\n -102.41490414213115,\n 46.72509987687408\n ],\n [\n -118.23688691457892,\n 46.72509987687408\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"56","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba355e4b08c986b31fc76","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blakey, R.C.","contributorId":58774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blakey","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterson, F.","contributorId":93623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kocurek, G.","contributorId":28005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kocurek","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70013843,"text":"70013843 - 1988 - An isotopic study of a fluvial-lacustrine sequence: The Plio-Pleistocene koobi fora sequence, East Africa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-12T15:37:35.22418","indexId":"70013843","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An isotopic study of a fluvial-lacustrine sequence: The Plio-Pleistocene koobi fora sequence, East Africa","docAbstract":"Stable isotopic analyses of Plio-Pleistocene and modern sediments in the fluvial-lacustrine system occupying the Turkana Basin, East Africa provide constraints on the paleoenvironmental and diagenetic histories of the Pliocene through the Recent sediments in the basin. The δ13C values for carbonates in lacustrine sediments range from −15 to +22‰ relative to PDB, depending on the varying proportions of CO2 from the atmospheric reservoir and from various metabolic sources. The δ18O values of carbonates in lacustrine sediments indicate that the isotopic composition of paleolake water varied by over 10‰ from the Pliocene to the present. The δ13C values for pedogenic carbonates record paleoccologic variations and suggest that C4 plants did not become well established in the preserved depositional parts of the basin until about 1.8 myr ago. The δ18O values pedogenic carbonates suggest a range of over 10‰ for the isotopic composition of soil water during this interval. They also suggest a period of major climatic instability from about 3.4 to 3.1 myr and at about 1.8 myr. Together, the δ13C and δ18O values of pedogenic carbonates indicate that the present conditions are as arid and hot as any that had prevailed during deposition of these Plio-Pleistocene sediments.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0031-0182(88)90104-6","issn":"00310182","usgsCitation":"Cerling, T., Bowman, J.R., and O’Neil, J.R., 1988, An isotopic study of a fluvial-lacustrine sequence: The Plio-Pleistocene koobi fora sequence, East Africa: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 63, no. 4, p. 335-356, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-0182(88)90104-6.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"335","endPage":"356","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219837,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Ethiopia, Kenya","otherGeospatial":"Lake Turkana Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 35.45552515509482,\n 6.06521959485184\n ],\n [\n 35.45552515509482,\n 2.3585266206236923\n ],\n [\n 39.05147077987755,\n 2.3585266206236923\n ],\n [\n 39.05147077987755,\n 6.06521959485184\n ],\n [\n 35.45552515509482,\n 6.06521959485184\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"63","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea94e4b0c8380cd48965","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cerling, T.E.","contributorId":85720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cerling","given":"T.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bowman, J. R.","contributorId":29496,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Neil, J. R.","contributorId":69633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neil","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70013677,"text":"70013677 - 1988 - Aftershocks of the western Argentina (Caucete) earthquake of 23 November 1977: Some tectonic implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-25T15:39:57.896156","indexId":"70013677","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aftershocks of the western Argentina (Caucete) earthquake of 23 November 1977: Some tectonic implications","docAbstract":"An aftershock survey, using a network of eight portable and two permanent seismographs, was conducted for the western Argentina (Caucete) earthquake (MS 7.3) of November 23, 1977. Monitoring began December 6, almost 2 weeks after the main shock and continued for 11 days. The data set includes 185 aftershock hypocenters that range in the depth from near surface to more than 30 km. The spatial distribution of those events occupied a volume of about 100 km long ×50 km wide ×30 km thick. The volumnar nature of the aftershock distribution is interpreted to be a result of a bimodal distribution of foci that define east- and west-dipping planar zones. Efforts to select which of those zones was associated with the causal faulting include special attention to the determination of the mainshock focal depth and dislocation theory modeling of the coseismic surface deformation in the epicentral region. Our focal depth (25–35 km) and modeling studies lead us to prefer an east-dipping plane as causal. A previous interpretation by other investigators used a shallower focal depth (17 km) and similar modeling calculations in choosing a west-dipping plane. Our selection of the east-dipping plane is physically more appealing because it places fault initiation at the base of the crustal seismogenic layer (rather than in the middle of that layer) which requires fault propagation to be updip (rather than downdip).
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0040-1951(88)90166-7","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Langer, C., and Bollinger, G.A., 1988, Aftershocks of the western Argentina (Caucete) earthquake of 23 November 1977: Some tectonic implications: Tectonophysics, v. 148, no. 1-2, p. 131-146, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(88)90166-7.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"131","endPage":"146","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220157,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Argentina","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -68.31581448033793,\n -31.101424732207356\n ],\n [\n -68.31581448033793,\n -31.99657323096657\n ],\n [\n -67.57002983228087,\n -31.99657323096657\n ],\n [\n -67.57002983228087,\n -31.101424732207356\n ],\n [\n -68.31581448033793,\n -31.101424732207356\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"148","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e8d4e4b0c8380cd47ed3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langer, C.J.","contributorId":31395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langer","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bollinger, G. A.","contributorId":55809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bollinger","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014698,"text":"70014698 - 1988 - Fossil diatoms and neogene paleolimnology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-11T16:41:05.590909","indexId":"70014698","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fossil diatoms and neogene paleolimnology","docAbstract":"Diatoms have played an important role in the development of Neogene continental biostratigraphy and paleolimnology since the mid-19th Century. The history of progress in Quaternary diatom biostratigraphy has developed as a result of improved coring techniques that enable sampling sediments beneath existing lakes coupled with improved chronological control (including radiometric dating and varve enumeration), improved statistical treatment of fossil diatom assemblages (from qualitative description to influx calculations of diatom numbers or volumes), and improved ecological information about analogous living diatom associations. The last factor, diatom ecology, is the most critical in many ways, but progresses slowly. Fortunately, statistical comparison of modern diatom assemblages and insightful studies of the nutrient requirements of some common freshwater species are enabling diatom paleolimnologists to make more detailed interpretations of the Quaternary record than had been possible earlier, and progress in the field of diatom biology and ecology will continue to refine paleolimnological studies.
The greater age and geologic setting of Tertiary diatomaceous deposits has prompted their study in the contexts of geologic history, biochronology and evolution. The distribution of diatoms of marine affinities in continental deposits has given geologists insights about tectonism and sea-level change, and the distribution of distinctive (extinct?) diatoms has found utilization both in making stratigraphic correlations between outcrops of diatomaceous deposits and in various types of biochronological studies that involve dating deposits in different areas.
A continental diatom biochronologic scheme will rely upon evolution, such as the appearance of new genera within a family, in combination with regional environmental changes that are responsible for the wide distribution of distinctive diatom species. The increased use of the scanning electron microscope for the detailed descriptions of fossil diatoms will provide the basis for making more accurate correlations and identifications, and the micromorphological detail for speculations about evolutionary relationships.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0031-0182(88)90059-4","issn":"00310182","usgsCitation":"Platt, B.J., 1988, Fossil diatoms and neogene paleolimnology: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 62, no. 1-4, p. 299-316, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-0182(88)90059-4.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"299","endPage":"316","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225396,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"62","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1385e4b0c8380cd546a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Platt, Bradbury J.","contributorId":67651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Platt","given":"Bradbury","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014114,"text":"70014114 - 1988 - Lacustrine varve formation through time","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-12T15:24:39.839502","indexId":"70014114","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lacustrine varve formation through time","docAbstract":"Studies using sediment traps in lakes reveal that the seasonal flux of sediment regulates both the composition and timing of deposition of materials that reach the bottoms of lakes. If the bottom waters of a lake are partly or totally anoxic, the seasonally deposited materials are preserved as annual groupings of laminae (varves). Common components that form individual laminae consist of allochthonous clastic material derived from the drainage basin, precipitated carbonate minerals, diatom frustules, iron-rich and manganese-rich flocs, autochthonous organic detritus, and autochthonous and allochthonous materials resuspended from the bottom.
The \"style\" of varving has changed over geologic time, reflecting changes in biologic evolution and types of materials available. Precipitated iron-rich laminations were common in the middle Precambrian. Graded sets of clastic organic laminations persisted through the Precambrian, prior to the evolution of bioturbating benthic organisms. Glaciolacustrine varves appear to have retained their distinctive character through time. Carbonate-rich varves occurred sporadically in the Precambrian and Phanerozoic.
With the exception of diatoms, major components of modern lacustrine varves were present through the Paleozoic and Mesozoic, and yet varves are rare in strata of these ages, and may have accumulated in marine to brackish-water environments. Diatoms were introduced into lacustrine systems in Early Tertiary time and are common components of varves from then on. Diatom laminae, combined with a greater chance for geologic preservation of younger lake deposits, have increased the number of geologically young occurrences of varved sediments. However, seasonal associations of modern varve components, and the processes they represent, are present in ancient deposits and provide clues to the interpretation of ancient environments.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0031-0182(88)90055-7","issn":"00310182","usgsCitation":"Anderson, R., and Dean, W., 1988, Lacustrine varve formation through time: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 62, no. 1-4, p. 215-235, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-0182(88)90055-7.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"215","endPage":"235","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225233,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"62","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4130e4b0c8380cd65379","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, R.Y.","contributorId":22789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"R.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dean, W.E.","contributorId":97099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013763,"text":"70013763 - 1988 - A proposed mechanism for the formation of spherical vivianite crystal aggregates in sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-23T16:13:30.245279","indexId":"70013763","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3368,"text":"Sedimentary Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A proposed mechanism for the formation of spherical vivianite crystal aggregates in sediments","docAbstract":"Vivianite [Fe3(PO4)2·8H2O] is often found in the form of nodules composed of spherical aggregates of crystals. Crystallization of vivianite in agar gels of various concentrations yield crystal aggregates (nodules) that have spherical morphology and a bimodal size distribution. The aggregates were formed under both biotic and abiotic conditions. When special redox cells fitted with electrodes were used, more perfect spherical structures were formed when the electrodes were shorted than when they were on open circuit.
In nature, vivianite nodules generally are found in sediments or clays that are gelatinous, often caused by the presence of organic debris. A model consistent with experimental observations and based on the dynamics of gels is proposed to explain a possible origin of nodular vivianite. To maintain iron and phosphate concentrations in sedimentary pore spaces filled with gel-like organic debris, the electric field spanning the aerobic-anerobic zones in the upper sediments may be an important driving force in addition to diffusion. It is suggested that the combination of the gel medium in the pore spaces and the natural electric field in the upper sediments could be contributing causes to explain the spherical aggregates of vivianite crystals found in nature.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0037-0738(88)90103-0","issn":"00370738","usgsCitation":"Zelibor, J., Senftle, F.E., and Reinhardt, J., 1988, A proposed mechanism for the formation of spherical vivianite crystal aggregates in sediments: Sedimentary Geology, v. 59, no. 1-2, p. 125-142, https://doi.org/10.1016/0037-0738(88)90103-0.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"125","endPage":"142","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219878,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e516e4b0c8380cd46b03","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zelibor, J.L. Jr.","contributorId":91622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zelibor","given":"J.L.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Senftle, F. E.","contributorId":47788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senftle","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reinhardt, J.L.","contributorId":63162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reinhardt","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70013773,"text":"70013773 - 1988 - Pin stripe lamination: A distinctive feature of modern and ancient eolian sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-23T16:10:11.908431","indexId":"70013773","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3368,"text":"Sedimentary Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pin stripe lamination: A distinctive feature of modern and ancient eolian sediments","docAbstract":"Pin stripe laminations are a distinctive feature of modern and ancient eolian sediments. In sets of eolian ripple (or translatent) strata they represent deposition of silt and very fine sand in the troughs of the advancing wind ripples. In sets of avalanche strata they probably result from the downward settling of fine sand and silt within the moving avalanche to the interface of moving and unmoving sands. Wind tunnel experiments suggest that pin stripe laminations can also form in grainfall deposits. The textural segregation associated with deposition of the fine layers in most cases leads to early cementation along and near the finest sand and silt comprising the pin stripe lamination. The pin stripe effect seen in outcrops is usually due to resistance to weathering along such cemented zones. The cementation of the pin stripe laminations can occur early in the history of diagenesis and thus may provide clues to the post-depositional history of the rock. Pin stripe laminations in many instances represent the sequestering of the small population of ultrafine sediment present in most eolian depositional systems. They may prove useful in the recognition of ancient eolian sediments.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0037-0738(88)90087-5","issn":"00370738","usgsCitation":"Fryberger, S., and Schenk, C.J., 1988, Pin stripe lamination: A distinctive feature of modern and ancient eolian sediments: Sedimentary Geology, v. 55, no. 1-2, p. 1-15, https://doi.org/10.1016/0037-0738(88)90087-5.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220056,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7b69e4b0c8380cd7942c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fryberger, S.G.","contributorId":47405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fryberger","given":"S.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schenk, Christopher J. 0000-0002-0248-7305","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0248-7305","contributorId":72344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schenk","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":366837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013680,"text":"70013680 - 1988 - Use of airborne imaging spectrometer data to map minerals associated with hydrothermally altered rocks in the northern Grapevine Mountains, Nevada, and California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-17T16:03:26.450169","indexId":"70013680","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of airborne imaging spectrometer data to map minerals associated with hydrothermally altered rocks in the northern Grapevine Mountains, Nevada, and California","docAbstract":"Three flightlines of Airborne Imaging Spectrometer (AIS) data, acquired over the northern Grapevine Mountains, Nevada, and California, were used to map minerals associated with hydrothermally altered rocks. The data were processed to remove vertical striping, normalized using an equal area normalization, and reduced to reflectance relative to an average spectrum derived from the data. An algorithm was developed to automatically calculate the absorption band parameters band position, band depth, and band width for the strongest absorption feature in each pixel. These parameters were mapped into an intensity, hue, saturation (IHS) color system to produce a single color image that summarized the absorption band information, This image was used to map areas of potential alteration based upon the predicted relationships between the color image and mineral absorption band. Individual AIS spectra for these areas were then examined to identify specific minerals. Two types of alteration were mapped with the AIS data. Areas of quartz-sericite-pyrite alteration were identified based upon a strong absorption feature near 2.21 μm, a weak shoulder near 2.25 μm, and a weak absorption band near 2.35 μm caused by sericite (fine-grained muscovite). Areas of argillic alteration were defined based on the presence of montmorillonite, identified by a weak to moderate absorption feature near 2.21 μm and the absence of the 2.35 μm band. Montmorillonite could not be identified in mineral mixtures. Calcite and dolomite were identified based on sharp absorption features near 2.34 and 2.32 μm, respectively. Areas of alteration identified using the AIS data corresponded well with areas mapped using field mapping, field reflectance spectra, and laboratory spectral measurements.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0034-4257(88)90004-1","issn":"00344257","usgsCitation":"Kruse, F., 1988, Use of airborne imaging spectrometer data to map minerals associated with hydrothermally altered rocks in the northern Grapevine Mountains, Nevada, and California: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 24, no. 1, p. 31-51, https://doi.org/10.1016/0034-4257(88)90004-1.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"31","endPage":"51","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220213,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"northern Grapevine Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.25035077426466,\n 37.014559377695576\n ],\n [\n -117.25035077426466,\n 36.75769172696985\n ],\n [\n -116.86542089423386,\n 36.75769172696985\n ],\n [\n -116.86542089423386,\n 37.014559377695576\n ],\n [\n -117.25035077426466,\n 37.014559377695576\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"24","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbeaee4b08c986b329711","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kruse, F.A.","contributorId":30676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kruse","given":"F.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013733,"text":"70013733 - 1988 - An improved dark-object subtraction technique for atmospheric scattering correction of multispectral data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-17T15:54:35.25532","indexId":"70013733","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An improved dark-object subtraction technique for atmospheric scattering correction of multispectral data","docAbstract":"Digital analysis of remotely sensed data has become an important component of many earth-science studies. These data are often processed through a set of preprocessing or “clean-up” routines that includes a correction for atmospheric scattering, often called haze. Various methods to correct or remove the additive haze component have been developed, including the widely used dark-object subtraction technique. A problem with most of these methods is that the haze values for each spectral band are selected independently. This can create problems because atmospheric scattering is highly wavelength-dependent in the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum and the scattering values are correlated with each other. Therefore, multispectral data such as from the Landsat Thematic Mapper and Multispectral Scanner must be corrected with haze values that are spectral band dependent. An improved dark-object subtraction technique is demonstrated that allows the user to select a relative atmospheric scattering model to predict the haze values for all the spectral bands from a selected starting band haze value. The improved method normalizes the predicted haze values for the different gain and offset parameters used by the imaging system. Examples of haze value differences between the old and improved methods for Thematic Mapper Bands 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7 are 40.0, 13.0, 12.0, 8.0, 5.0, and 2.0 vs. 40.0, 13.2, 8.9, 4.9, 16.7, and 3.3, respectively, using a relative scattering model of a clear atmosphere. In one Landsat multispectral scanner image the haze value differences for Bands 4, 5, 6, and 7 were 30.0, 50.0, 50.0, and 40.0 for the old method vs. 30.0, 34.4, 43.6, and 6.4 for the new method using a relative scattering model of a hazy atmosphere.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0034-4257(88)90019-3","issn":"00344257","usgsCitation":"Chavez, P.S., 1988, An improved dark-object subtraction technique for atmospheric scattering correction of multispectral data: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 24, no. 3, p. 459-479, https://doi.org/10.1016/0034-4257(88)90019-3.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"459","endPage":"479","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220218,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"northern Arizona","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.51428402871795,\n 35.76132241917742\n ],\n [\n -112.51428402871795,\n 35.12484483192148\n ],\n [\n -111.06027608212764,\n 35.12484483192148\n ],\n [\n -111.06027608212764,\n 35.76132241917742\n ],\n [\n -112.51428402871795,\n 35.76132241917742\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"24","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea6ee4b0c8380cd48869","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chavez, Pat S. Jr.","contributorId":39870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chavez","given":"Pat","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014727,"text":"70014727 - 1988 - Precambrian ophiolites of Arabia: Geologic settings, U Pb geochronology, Pb-isotope characteristics, and implications for continental accretion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-26T15:11:50.486173","indexId":"70014727","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3112,"text":"Precambrian Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Precambrian ophiolites of Arabia: Geologic settings, U Pb geochronology, Pb-isotope characteristics, and implications for continental accretion","docAbstract":"Disrupted ophiolites occur in linear belts up to 900 km long between microplates that collided during the late Proterozoic to form the Arabian Shield. UPb zircon ages and Pb-isotope data from these ophiolitic rocks help constrain the history of accretion of the Arabian Shield and thereby contribute to the definition of its microplates and terranes. Terranes of the central and western Arabian Shield are generally thought to represent intraoceanic island arcs that range in age from about 900 to 640 Ma; however, a region of the eastern Arabian Shield contains rocks of Early Proterozoic age and may represent an exotic continental fragment entrained between the arc complexes.
Ophiolites of the Yanbu suture (northwestern shield), dated by UPb (zircon) and SmNd (mineral isochron) methods, yield model ages of 740–780 Ma. These are among the oldest well-dated rocks in the northwestern Arabian Shield. Ages from the Jabal al Wask complex overlap with ages of adjacent arc rocks. This overlap in age supports geologic and geochemical evidence that the Wask complex represents a fragment of back-arc oceanic lithosphere formed during arc magmatism. Older ages of about 780 Ma for gabbro from the Jabal Ess ophiolite suggest that the ophiolite is either a fragment of fore-arc oceanic crust or oceanic basement on which an arc was built.
Gabbro samples from ophiolites of the Bir Umq suture (west-central Arabian Shield) yield zircons with ages of 820–870 Ma and
Plagiogranite from the Bir Tuluhah ophiolitic complex at the northern end of the 900 km-long Nabitah mobile belt was dated by the zircon U Pb method at ∼ 830 Ma. This date is in the range of the oldest dated arc rocks along the northern and central parts of the Nabitah suture, but is ∼ 100 Ma older than the oldest arc plutons (tonalites) associated with the southern part of the belt. These age relations suggest that the northern part of the Nabitah belt contains an extension of the Bir Umq suture that was transposed parallel to the Nabitah trend during collision of the arc terranes of the northwest Arabian Shield with the Afif plate to the east.
Feldspar lead-isotope data from the ophiolites are of three types: (1) lead from the ophiolitic rocks and arc tonalites of the northwestern Shield and ophiolitic rocks of the Nabitah suture is similar to lead in modern mid-ocean ridge basalt, (2) anomalous radiogenic data from the Thurwah ophiolite are from rocks that contain zircons from pre-late Proterozoic continental crust, and (3) feldspar from the Urd ophiolite shows retarded uranogenic lead growth and is related either to an anomalous and perhaps primitive oceanic mantle source, or in an unknown manner to ancient continental mantle or lower crust of the eastern Arabian Shield.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0301-9268(88)90092-7","issn":"03019268","usgsCitation":"Pallister, J., Stacey, J.S., Fischer, L.B., and Premo, W.R., 1988, Precambrian ophiolites of Arabia: Geologic settings, U Pb geochronology, Pb-isotope characteristics, and implications for continental accretion: Precambrian Research, v. 38, no. 1, p. 1-54, https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-9268(88)90092-7.","productDescription":"54 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"54","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225972,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Saudi Arabia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 35.05297344331822,\n 29.16738485317299\n ],\n [\n 35.05297344331822,\n 16.88173319337257\n ],\n [\n 44.92770230319408,\n 16.88173319337257\n ],\n [\n 44.92770230319408,\n 29.16738485317299\n ],\n [\n 35.05297344331822,\n 29.16738485317299\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"38","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8105e4b0c8380cd7b312","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pallister, J.S.","contributorId":46534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pallister","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stacey, J. S.","contributorId":72785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stacey","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fischer, L. B.","contributorId":107293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Premo, W. R. 0000-0001-9904-4801","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9904-4801","contributorId":22782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Premo","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}