{"pageNumber":"1443","pageRowStart":"36050","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40845,"records":[{"id":70013744,"text":"70013744 - 1988 - Rapid dune changes associated with overwash processes on the deltaic coast of South Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-16T11:06:20.774979","indexId":"70013744","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rapid dune changes associated with overwash processes on the deltaic coast of South Louisiana","docAbstract":"
The Caminada-Moreau barrier headland of South Louisiana is a low-profile beach and dune coastline that is transgressing rapidly over the surfaces of the abandoned Lafourche delta complex. With the passage of cold fronts (10–30 times per year) and hurricanes (once every 4 yrs), overwash events occur year round with varying degrees of frequency, intensity and geomorphological modification. This coastline consists of washover and dune surfaces that respond rapidly to overwash impact. The fine sand stored in washover deposits is easily reworked by aeolian processes into a variety of dune forms in the shore-zone that are vegetated rapidly. Geomorphological changes vary according to the position, ground elevation, and surface stability of the dunes. Independent factors are overwash surge elevations, beach gradient and the presence of pre-existing landforms. For ten years detailed surveys supplemented by aerial photographs and videotape surveys have recorded these changes. The analysis of these information sources provides insight into both the general evolution of this distinctive coastline and also the geomorphological interaction of dunes, beaches and washover deposits in different physiographic settings.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-3227(88)90020-5","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Ritchie, W., and Penland, S., 1988, Rapid dune changes associated with overwash processes on the deltaic coast of South Louisiana: Marine Geology, v. 81, no. 1-4, p. 97-122, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(88)90020-5.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"97","endPage":"122","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220449,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"81","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a94d9e4b0c8380cd81663","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ritchie, W.","contributorId":43628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ritchie","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Penland, S.","contributorId":58778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Penland","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014370,"text":"70014370 - 1988 - The response of creeping parts of the San Andreas fault to earthquakes on nearby faults: Two examples","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:31","indexId":"70014370","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3209,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The response of creeping parts of the San Andreas fault to earthquakes on nearby faults: Two examples","docAbstract":"Rates of shallow slip on creeping sections of the San Andreas fault have been perturbed on a number of occasions by earthquakes occurring on nearby faults. One example of such perturbations occurred during the 26 January 1986 magnitude 5.3 Tres Pinos earthquake located about 10 km southeast of Hollister, California. Seven creepmeters on the San Andreas fault showed creep steps either during or soon after the shock. Both left-lateral (LL) and right-lateral (RL) steps were observed. A rectangular dislocation in an elastic half-space was used to model the coseismic fault offset at the hypocenter. For a model based on the preliminary focal mechanism, the predicted changes in static shear stress on the plane of the San Andreas fault agreed in sense (LL or RL) with the observed slip directions at all seven meters; for a model based on a refined focal mechanism, six of the seven meters showed the correct sense of motion. Two possible explanations for such coseismic and postseismic steps are (1) that slip was triggered by the earthquake shaking or (2) that slip occurred in response to the changes in static stress fields accompanying the earthquake. In the Tres Pinos example, the observed steps may have been of both the triggered and responsive kinds. A second example is provided by the 2 May 1983 magnitude 6.7 Coalinga earthquake, which profoundly altered slip rates at five creepmeters on the San Andreas fault for a period of months to years. The XMM1 meter 9 km northwest of Parkfield, California recorded LL creep for more than a year after the event. To simulate the temporal behavior of the XMM1 meter and to view the stress perturbation provided by the Coalinga earthquake in the context of steady-state deformation on the San Andreas fault, a simple time-evolving dislocation model was constructed. The model was driven by a single long vertical dislocation below 15 km in depth, that was forced to slip at 35 mm/yr in a RL sense. A dislocation element placed in the seismogenic layer under XMM1 was given a finite breaking strength of sufficient magnitude to produce a Parkfield-like earthquake every 22 years. When stress changes equivalent to a Coalinga earthquake were superposed on the model running in a steady state mode, the effect was to make a segment under XMM1, that could slip in a linear viscous fashion, creep LL and to delay the onset of the next Parkfield-like earthquake by a year or more. If static stress changes imposed by earthquakes off the San Andreas can indeed advance or delay earthquakes on the San Andreas by months or years, then such changes must be considered in intermediate-term prediction efforts. ?? 1988 Birkha??user Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Birkha??user-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00879014","issn":"00334553","usgsCitation":"Simpson, R., Schulz, S., Dietz, L., and Burford, R.O., 1988, The response of creeping parts of the San Andreas fault to earthquakes on nearby faults: Two examples: Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH, v. 126, no. 2-4, p. 665-685, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00879014.","startPage":"665","endPage":"685","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205623,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00879014"},{"id":225375,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"126","issue":"2-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf37e4b08c986b324633","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simpson, R.W.","contributorId":76738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simpson","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schulz, S.S.","contributorId":6859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulz","given":"S.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dietz, L.D.","contributorId":50720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dietz","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burford, Robert O.","contributorId":52560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burford","given":"Robert","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70014364,"text":"70014364 - 1988 - Detection of tannins in modern and fossil barks and in plant residues by high-resolution solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-14T16:54:50.568963","indexId":"70014364","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2958,"text":"Organic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detection of tannins in modern and fossil barks and in plant residues by high-resolution solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance","docAbstract":"

Bark samples isolated from brown coal deposits in Victoria, Australia, and buried wood from Rhizophora mangle have been studies by high-resolution solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. Dipolar dephasing 13C NMR appears to be a useful method of detecting the presence of tannins in geochemical samples including barks, buried woods, peats and leaf litter. It is shown that tannins are selectively preserved in bark during coalification to the brown coal stage.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0146-6380(88)90145-3","usgsCitation":"Wilson, M.A., and Hatcher, P.G., 1988, Detection of tannins in modern and fossil barks and in plant residues by high-resolution solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance: Organic Geochemistry, v. 12, no. 6, p. 539-546, https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6380(88)90145-3.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"539","endPage":"546","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225246,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ff79e4b0c8380cd4f1f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, M. A.","contributorId":107649,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilson","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hatcher, Patrick G.","contributorId":93625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatcher","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014357,"text":"70014357 - 1988 - Aftershock patterns and main shock faulting","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-28T13:42:42.292533","indexId":"70014357","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aftershock patterns and main shock faulting","docAbstract":"

We have compared aftershock patterns following several moderate to large earthquakes with the corresponding distributions of coseismic slip obtained from previous analyses of the recorded strong ground motion and teleseismic waveforms. Well-located aftershock hypocenters are projected onto the main shock fault plane, and their positions are examined relative to the zones of coseismic displacement indicated by the estimated distributions of main shock slip. We also examine the aftershock focal mechanisms, when these data are available, in an attempt to identify possible patterns of secondary faulting within the aftershock zone.

","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0780041438","usgsCitation":"Mendoza, C., and Hartzell, S., 1988, Aftershock patterns and main shock faulting: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 78, no. 4, p. 1438-1449, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0780041438.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1438","endPage":"1449","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":422233,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/ssa/bssa/article/78/4/1438/119043/Aftershock-patterns-and-main-shock-faulting"},{"id":226149,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Parkfield","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.68049350250132,\n 36.18821825772265\n ],\n [\n -120.68049350250132,\n 35.929545456688814\n ],\n [\n -120.22181430328246,\n 35.929545456688814\n ],\n [\n -120.22181430328246,\n 36.18821825772265\n ],\n [\n -120.68049350250132,\n 36.18821825772265\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"78","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e8d2e4b0c8380cd47ec2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mendoza, C.","contributorId":82059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mendoza","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hartzell, S.H.","contributorId":27426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartzell","given":"S.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014349,"text":"70014349 - 1988 - Observed oil and gas field size distributions: A consequence of the discovery process and prices of oil and gas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:29","indexId":"70014349","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2700,"text":"Mathematical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Observed oil and gas field size distributions: A consequence of the discovery process and prices of oil and gas","docAbstract":"If observed oil and gas field size distributions are obtained by random samplings, the fitted distributions should approximate that of the parent population of oil and gas fields. However, empirical evidence strongly suggests that larger fields tend to be discovered earlier in the discovery process than they would be by random sampling. Economic factors also can limit the number of small fields that are developed and reported. This paper examines observed size distributions in state and federal waters of offshore Texas. Results of the analysis demonstrate how the shape of the observable size distributions change with significant hydrocarbon price changes. Comparison of state and federal observed size distributions in the offshore area shows how production cost differences also affect the shape of the observed size distribution. Methods for modifying the discovery rate estimation procedures when economic factors significantly affect the discovery sequence are presented. A primary conclusion of the analysis is that, because hydrocarbon price changes can significantly affect the observed discovery size distribution, one should not be confident about inferring the form and specific parameters of the parent field size distribution from the observed distributions. ?? 1988 International Association for Mathematical Geology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mathematical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00892971","issn":"08828121","usgsCitation":"Drew, L., Attanasi, E.D., and Schuenemeyer, J., 1988, Observed oil and gas field size distributions: A consequence of the discovery process and prices of oil and gas: Mathematical Geology, v. 20, no. 8, p. 939-953, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00892971.","startPage":"939","endPage":"953","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205672,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00892971"},{"id":226017,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6af1e4b0c8380cd74424","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drew, L.J.","contributorId":69157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drew","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Attanasi, E. D. 0000-0001-6845-7160","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6845-7160","contributorId":107672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Attanasi","given":"E.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schuenemeyer, J.H.","contributorId":106094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuenemeyer","given":"J.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014347,"text":"70014347 - 1988 - Predicted variation of stress orientation with depth near an active fault: Application to the Cajon Pass Scientific Drillhole, southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-14T01:12:36.030138","indexId":"70014347","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicted variation of stress orientation with depth near an active fault: Application to the Cajon Pass Scientific Drillhole, southern California","docAbstract":"

Preliminary measurements of the stress orientation at a depth of 2 km in the Cajon Pass Scientific Drillhole, about 3.6 km from the San Andreas fault in southern California, indicate that the local direction of maximum compression is nearly normal to the fault zone. The measurements have been interpreted to indicate that the regional orientation of the maximum compression is normal to the fault, and taken as evidence for a very weak fault. The orientation of the regional maximum compression expected from plate tectonic arguments is about 66° NE from the strike of the fault. Geodetic data indicate that the orientation of maximum compressive strain rate is about 43° NE from the strike of the fault, and show nearly pure right-lateral shear acting parallel to the fault. These apparent conflicts in the inferred orientation of the axis of maximum compression may be explained in part by a model in which the fault zone is locked over a depth interval in the range of 2-5 to 15 km, but is very weak above and below that interval. An analytic solution for this model predicts orientations of the principal stresses that are nearly parallel or normal to the fault, for observations made close to the fault and above and below the locked zone, but an orientation consistent with plate tectonic estimates at depths corresponding to that of the locked interval. This solution does require, however, a few mm/yr of creep at the surface on the San Andreas or nearby sub-parallel faults (such as the San Jacinto), which has not yet been observed, or a shallow zone near the faults of distributed deformation.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/GL015i009p01009","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Wesson, R.L., 1988, Predicted variation of stress orientation with depth near an active fault: Application to the Cajon Pass Scientific Drillhole, southern California: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 15, no. 9, p. 1009-1012, https://doi.org/10.1029/GL015i009p01009.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1009","endPage":"1012","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225951,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a819be4b0c8380cd7b611","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wesson, R. L.","contributorId":51752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wesson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014346,"text":"70014346 - 1988 - Geologic characterization of seismic sources: Moving into the 1990s","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:28","indexId":"70014346","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Geologic characterization of seismic sources: Moving into the 1990s","docAbstract":"The objective of this paper is to discuss leading-edge directions in paleoseismology and seismic geology, particularly as they relate to characterizing seismic sources. The paper builds on earlier articles that discuss some of these trends (Schwartz and Coppersmith, 1986; Schwartz, 1987). There are several areas that appear to be especially important. These are: fault segmentation, which provides a physical framework for evaluating both the size and potential location of future earthquakes on a fault zone; earthquake recurrence models, which provide information on the frequency of different size earthquakes on a fault; and long-term earthquake potential, an area in which significant advances have been made through development of earthquake hazard models that use probabilistic methodology to incorporate the uncertainties in seismic source characterization and the evolving understanding of the earthquake process.","largerWorkTitle":"Geotechnical Special Publication","conferenceTitle":"Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics II - Recent Advances in Ground-Motion Evaluation: Proceedings of the Specialty Conference","conferenceDate":"27 June 1988 through 30 June 1988","conferenceLocation":"Park City, UT, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","issn":"08950563","usgsCitation":"Schwartz, D.P., 1988, Geologic characterization of seismic sources: Moving into the 1990s, in Geotechnical Special Publication, no. n, Park City, UT, USA, 27 June 1988 through 30 June 1988, p. 1-42.","startPage":"1","endPage":"42","numberOfPages":"42","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225950,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"n","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1936e4b0c8380cd558ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schwartz, David P. 0000-0001-5193-9200 dschwartz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5193-9200","contributorId":1940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"David","email":"dschwartz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":368188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013784,"text":"70013784 - 1988 - Forecast model for great earthquakes at the Nankai Trough subduction zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:37","indexId":"70013784","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3209,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Forecast model for great earthquakes at the Nankai Trough subduction zone","docAbstract":"An earthquake instability model is formulated for recurring great earthquakes at the Nankai Trough subduction zone in southwest Japan. The model is quasistatic, two-dimensional, and has a displacement and velocity dependent constitutive law applied at the fault plane. A constant rate of fault slip at depth represents forcing due to relative motion of the Philippine Sea and Eurasian plates. The model simulates fault slip and stress for all parts of repeated earthquake cycles, including post-, inter-, pre- and coseismic stages. Calculated ground uplift is in agreement with most of the main features of elevation changes observed before and after the M=8.1 1946 Nankaido earthquake. In model simulations, accelerating fault slip has two time-scales. The first time-scale is several years long and is interpreted as an intermediate-term precursor. The second time-scale is a few days long and is interpreted as a short-term precursor. Accelerating fault slip on both time-scales causes anomalous elevation changes of the ground surface over the fault plane of 100 mm or less within 50 km of the fault trace. ?? 1988 Birkha??user Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Birkha??user-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00879012","issn":"00334553","usgsCitation":"Stuart, W., 1988, Forecast model for great earthquakes at the Nankai Trough subduction zone: Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH, v. 126, no. 2-4, p. 619-641, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00879012.","startPage":"619","endPage":"641","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205016,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00879012"},{"id":220221,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"126","issue":"2-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1312e4b0c8380cd544ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stuart, W.D.","contributorId":65865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuart","given":"W.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014847,"text":"70014847 - 1988 - Characterization of humic acid fractions by C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-26T15:27:20.583113","indexId":"70014847","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1569,"text":"Environmental Technology Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterization of humic acid fractions by C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy","docAbstract":"

Soil humic acids from different environments were fractionated by adsorption chromatography on Sephadex and characterized by C‐13 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The C‐13 NMR spectra of the fractions consist of some sharp, well‐resolved lines and some broad bands in contrast to the spectra of the unfractionated humic acids, where the bands are broader and less well‐resolved. The marked increase in resolution is apparently due to increased homogeneity of the fractions. These spectra are compared to the spectra of model compounds.

","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/09593338809384538","usgsCitation":"Wershaw, R.L., Thorn, K.A., and Pinckney, D., 1988, Characterization of humic acid fractions by C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy: Environmental Technology Letters, v. 9, no. 1, p. 53-62, https://doi.org/10.1080/09593338809384538.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"53","endPage":"62","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225603,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f4cbe4b0c8380cd4bf0a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wershaw, Robert L. rwershaw@usgs.gov","contributorId":4856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wershaw","given":"Robert","email":"rwershaw@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":369440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thorn, Kevin A. 0000-0003-2236-5193 kathorn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2236-5193","contributorId":3288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorn","given":"Kevin","email":"kathorn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":369439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pinckney, D.J.","contributorId":23175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pinckney","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014733,"text":"70014733 - 1988 - The mechanics of ground deformation precursory to dome-building extrusions at Mount St. Helens 1981-1982","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-30T16:48:17.685689","indexId":"70014733","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The mechanics of ground deformation precursory to dome-building extrusions at Mount St. Helens 1981-1982","docAbstract":"

Detailed monitoring at Mount St. Helens since 1980 has enabled prediction of the intermittent eruptive activity (mostly dome growth) with unprecedented success. During 1981 and 1982, accelerating deformation of the crater floor around the vent (including radial cracks, thrust faults, and ground tilt) was the earliest indicator of impending activity. Numerical experiments using the finite element method to model the mechanics of the crater floor show that all deformation features can be explained by a uniform shear-stress boundary condition along the conduit wall. The magnitude of the shear stress required to match observed displacements (1–7 MPa) is inversely proportional to the conduit diameter (estimated to be 25–100 m). The most probable source of this shear stress is the flow of viscous magma up the conduit and into the lava dome. We propose a model in which the accelerating deformation, beginning as much as 4 weeks before extrusions, is caused by the increasing velocity of ascending magma in the conduit. This model is examined by using deformation data of the dome before four extrusions in 1981 and 1982 to estimate the volumetric flow rate through the conduit. This flow rate and an estimate of the effective viscosity of the magma enable calculation of an ascent velocity and an applied shear stress that, again, depend on the conduit diameter. The results of these calculations are consistent with the finite element experiments and show that the proposed model is feasible. In light of this model, events observed just before or near the time extrusions began, such as reversals of ground tilt direction from outward to inward and the sudden decrease in the number of shallow earthquakes, may indicate an abrupt decrease of shear stress in the conduit. This could be explained by a decrease in either the ascent velocity, or the effective viscosity of the magma ascending through the shallow conduit, or both, near the time of extrusion. Precursory deformation like that measured at Mount St. Helens should be observable at similar volcanoes elsewhere because it is caused by the fundamental process of magma ascent.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB093iB05p04351","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Chadwick, W., Archuleta, R., and Swanson, D.A., 1988, The mechanics of ground deformation precursory to dome-building extrusions at Mount St. Helens 1981-1982: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 93, no. B5, p. 4351-4366, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB093iB05p04351.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"4351","endPage":"4366","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226104,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"B5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505badc4e4b08c986b323dd6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chadwick, W.W. Jr.","contributorId":35876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chadwick","given":"W.W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Archuleta, R.J.","contributorId":79245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Archuleta","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swanson, D. A.","contributorId":34102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014732,"text":"70014732 - 1988 - A statistical method for estimating rates of soil development and ages of geologic deposits: A design for soil-chronosequence studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:32","indexId":"70014732","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2700,"text":"Mathematical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A statistical method for estimating rates of soil development and ages of geologic deposits: A design for soil-chronosequence studies","docAbstract":"A statistical method for estimating rates of soil development in a given region based on calibration from a series of dated soils is used to estimate ages of soils in the same region that are not dated directly. The method is designed specifically to account for sampling procedures and uncertainties that are inherent in soil studies. Soil variation and measurement error, uncertainties in calibration dates and their relation to the age of the soil, and the limited number of dated soils are all considered. Maximum likelihood (ML) is employed to estimate a parametric linear calibration curve, relating soil development to time or age on suitably transformed scales. Soil variation on a geomorphic surface of a certain age is characterized by replicate sampling of soils on each surface; such variation is assumed to have a Gaussian distribution. The age of a geomorphic surface is described by older and younger bounds. This technique allows age uncertainty to be characterized by either a Gaussian distribution or by a triangular distribution using minimum, best-estimate, and maximum ages. The calibration curve is taken to be linear after suitable (in certain cases logarithmic) transformations, if required, of the soil parameter and age variables. Soil variability, measurement error, and departures from linearity are described in a combined fashion using Gaussian distributions with variances particular to each sampled geomorphic surface and the number of sample replicates. Uncertainty in age of a geomorphic surface used for calibration is described using three parameters by one of two methods. In the first method, upper and lower ages are specified together with a coverage probability; this specification is converted to a Gaussian distribution with the appropriate mean and variance. In the second method, \"absolute\" older and younger ages are specified together with a most probable age; this specification is converted to an asymmetric triangular distribution with mode at the most probable age. The statistical variability of the ML-estimated calibration curve is assessed by a Monte Carlo method in which simulated data sets repeatedly are drawn from the distributional specification; calibration parameters are reestimated for each such simulation in order to assess their statistical variability. Several examples are used for illustration. The age of undated soils in a related setting may be estimated from the soil data using the fitted calibration curve. A second simulation to assess age estimate variability is described and applied to the examples. ?? 1988 International Association for Mathematical Geology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mathematical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00903188","issn":"08828121","usgsCitation":"Switzer, P., Harden, J., and Mark, R.K., 1988, A statistical method for estimating rates of soil development and ages of geologic deposits: A design for soil-chronosequence studies: Mathematical Geology, v. 20, no. 1, p. 49-61, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00903188.","startPage":"49","endPage":"61","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226041,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205676,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00903188"}],"volume":"20","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e5afe4b0c8380cd46f01","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Switzer, P.","contributorId":66432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Switzer","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harden, J.W. 0000-0002-6570-8259","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":38585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mark, R. K.","contributorId":32159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mark","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014718,"text":"70014718 - 1988 - Pb, Sr, and Nd isotopic compositions of a suite of Late Archean, igneous rocks, eastern Beartooth Mountains: Implications for crust-mantle evolution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-09T15:46:54.517196","indexId":"70014718","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pb, Sr, and Nd isotopic compositions of a suite of Late Archean, igneous rocks, eastern Beartooth Mountains: Implications for crust-mantle evolution","docAbstract":"

A series of compositionally diverse, Late Archean rocks (2.74–2.79 Ga old) from the eastern Beartooth Mountains, Montana and Wyoming, U.S.A., have the same initial Pb, Sr, and Nd isotopic ratios. Lead and Sr initial ratios are higher and Nd initial ratios lower than would be expected for rocks derived from model mantle sources and strongly indicate the involvement of an older crustal reservoir in the genesis of these rocks. Crustal contamination during emplacement can be ruled out for a variety of reasons. Instead a model involving subduction of continental detritus and contamination of the overlying mantle as is often proposed for modern subduction environments is preferred. This contaminated mantle would have all the isotopic characteristics of mantle enriched by internal mantle metasomatism but would require no long-term growth or changes in parent to daughter element ratios. This contaminated mantle would make a good source for some of the Cenozoic mafic volcanics of the Columbia River, Snake River Plain, and Yellowstone volcanic fields that are proposed to come from ancient, enriched lithospheric mantle. The isotopic characteristics of the 2.70 Ga old Stillwater Complex are a perfect match for the proposed contaminated mantle which provides an alternative to crustal contamination during emplacement. The Pb isotopic characteristics of the Late Archean rocks of the eastern Beartooth Mountains are similar to those of other Late Archean rocks of the Wyoming Province and suggest that Early Archean, upper crustal rocks were common in this terrane. The isotopic signatures of Late Archean rocks in the Wyoming Province are distinctive from those of other Archean cratons in North America which are dominated by a MORB-like, Archean mantle source (Superior Province) and/or a long-term depleted crustal source (Greenland).

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0012-821X(88)90064-7","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Wooden, J.L., and Mueller, P., 1988, Pb, Sr, and Nd isotopic compositions of a suite of Late Archean, igneous rocks, eastern Beartooth Mountains: Implications for crust-mantle evolution: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 87, no. 1-2, p. 59-72, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(88)90064-7.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"59","endPage":"72","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225792,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a75fde4b0c8380cd77e6e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wooden, J. L.","contributorId":58678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mueller, P.A.","contributorId":86117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014710,"text":"70014710 - 1988 - Using laser micro mass spectrometry with the LAMMA-1000 instrument for monitoring relative elemental concentrations in vitrinite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:33","indexId":"70014710","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2742,"text":"Mikrochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using laser micro mass spectrometry with the LAMMA-1000 instrument for monitoring relative elemental concentrations in vitrinite","docAbstract":"The variation in relative elemental concentrations among a series of coal macerals belonging to the vitrinite maceral group was determined using laser micro mass spectrometry (LAMMS). Variations in Ba, Cr, Ga, Sr, Ti, and V concentrations among the coals were determined using the LAMM A-1000 instrument. LAMMS analysis is not limited to these elements; their selection illustrates the application of the technique. Ba, Cr, Ga, Sr, Ti, and V have minimal site-to-site variance in the vitrinite macerals of the studied coals as measured by LAMMS. The LAMMS data were compared with bulk elemental data obtained by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) and D. C. arc optical emission spectroscopy (DCAS) in order to determine the reliability of the LAMMS data. The complex nature of the ionization phenomena in LAMMS and the lack of standards characterized on a microscale makes obtaining quantitative elemental data within the ionization microvolume difficult; however, we demonstrate that the relative variation of an element among vitrinites from different coal beds in the eastern United States can be observed using LAMMS in a \"bulk\" mode by accumulating signal intensities over several microareas of each vitrinite. Our studies indicate gross changes (greater than a factor of 2 to 5 depending on the element) can be monitored when the elemental concentration is significantly above the detection limit. \"Bulk\" mode analysis was conducted to evaluate the accuracy of future elemental LAMMS microanalyses. The primary advantage of LAMMS is the inherent spatial resolution, ~ 20 ??m for coal. Two different vitrite bands in the Lower Bakerstown coal bed (CLB-1) were analyzed. The analysis did not establish any certain concentration differences in Ba, Cr, Ga, Sr, Ti, and V between the two bands. ?? 1988 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mikrochimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF01236096","issn":"00263672","usgsCitation":"Morelli, J., Hercules, D., Lyons, P., Palmer, C., and Fletcher, J., 1988, Using laser micro mass spectrometry with the LAMMA-1000 instrument for monitoring relative elemental concentrations in vitrinite: Mikrochimica Acta, v. 96, no. 1-6, p. 105-118, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01236096.","startPage":"105","endPage":"118","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205644,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01236096"},{"id":225655,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"1-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc066e4b08c986b32a0de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morelli, J.J.","contributorId":90891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morelli","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hercules, D.M.","contributorId":86905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hercules","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lyons, P.C.","contributorId":87285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Palmer, C.A.","contributorId":81894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palmer","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fletcher, J.D.","contributorId":24928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fletcher","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70014709,"text":"70014709 - 1988 - Anomalous shear wave attenuation in the shallow crust beneath the Coso volcanic region, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-05T14:38:46.831799","indexId":"70014709","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Anomalous shear wave attenuation in the shallow crust beneath the Coso volcanic region, California","docAbstract":"

We use seismograms of local earthquakes to image relative shear wave attenuation structure in the shallow crust beneath the region containing the Coso volcanic-geothermal area of eastern California. SV and P wave amplitudes were measured from vertical component seismograms of earthquakes that occurred in the Cososouthem Sierra Nevada region from July 1983 to August 1985. Seismograms of 16 small earthquakes show SV amplitudes which are greatly diminished at some azimuths and takeoff angles, indicating strong lateral variations in S wave attenuation in the area. Three-dimensional images of the relative S wave attenuation structure are obtained from forward modeling and a back projection inversion of the amplitude data. The results indicate regions within a 20 by 30 by 10 km volume of the shallow crust (one shallower than 5 km) that severely attenuate SV waves passing through them. These anomalies lie beneath the Indian Wells Valley, 30 km south of the Coso volcanic field, and are coincident with the epicentral locations of recent earthquake swarms. No anomalous attenuation is seen beneath the Coso volcanic field above about 5 km depth. Geologic relations and the coincidence of anomalously slow P wave velocities suggest that the attenuation anomalies may be related to magmatism along the eastern Sierra front.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB093iB04p03321","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Sanders, C., Ho-Liu, P., Rinn, D., and Hiroo, K., 1988, Anomalous shear wave attenuation in the shallow crust beneath the Coso volcanic region, California: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 93, no. B4, p. 3321-3338, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB093iB04p03321.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"3321","endPage":"3338","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480029,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/jb093ib04p03321","text":"External Repository"},{"id":225654,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"B4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec4be4b0c8380cd4919b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sanders, C.","contributorId":91640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanders","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ho-Liu, P.","contributorId":36689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ho-Liu","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rinn, D.","contributorId":92436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rinn","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hiroo, Kanamori","contributorId":60784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hiroo","given":"Kanamori","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70014387,"text":"70014387 - 1988 - Predicting tidal currents in San Francisco Bay using a spectral model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-26T16:37:41","indexId":"70014387","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Predicting tidal currents in San Francisco Bay using a spectral model","docAbstract":"

This paper describes the formulation of a spectral (or frequency based) model which solves the linearized shallow water equations. To account for highly variable basin bathymetry, spectral solutions are obtained using the finite element method which allows the strategic placement of the computation points in the specific areas of interest or in areas where the gradients of the dependent variables are expected to be large. Model results are compared with data using simple statistics to judge overall model performance in the San Francisco Bay estuary. Once the model is calibrated and verified, prediction of the tides and tidal currents in San Francisco Bay is accomplished by applying astronomical tides (harmonic constants deduced from field data) at the prediction time along the model boundaries.

","conferenceTitle":"Hydraulic Engineering: Proceedings of the 1988 National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceDate":"8 August 1988 through 12 August 1988","conferenceLocation":"Colorado Springs, CO, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872626709; 0872626709","usgsCitation":"Burau, J.R., and Cheng, R.T., 1988, Predicting tidal currents in San Francisco Bay using a spectral model, Hydraulic Engineering: Proceedings of the 1988 National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering, Colorado Springs, CO, USA, 8 August 1988 through 12 August 1988, p. 634-639.","startPage":"634","endPage":"639","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225635,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a81dbe4b0c8380cd7b792","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burau, Jon R. 0000-0002-5196-5035 jrburau@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5196-5035","contributorId":1500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burau","given":"Jon","email":"jrburau@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":368281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cheng, Ralph T.","contributorId":69134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cheng","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014366,"text":"70014366 - 1988 - Mineral and whole-rock compositions of seawater-dominated hydrothermal alteration at the Arctic volcanogenic massive sulfide prospect, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-05T15:55:16.550761","indexId":"70014366","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineral and whole-rock compositions of seawater-dominated hydrothermal alteration at the Arctic volcanogenic massive sulfide prospect, Alaska","docAbstract":"

The Arctic volcanogenic massive sulfide prospect, located in the Ambler mineral district of northwestern Alaska, includes three types of hydrothermally altered rocks overlying, underlying, and interlayered with semimassive sulfide mineralization. Hydrothermal alteration of wall rocks and deposition of sulfide and gangue minerals were contemporaneous with Late Devonian or Early Mississippian basalt-rhyolite volcanism. Whole-rock analyses of altered rocks surrounding the prospect indicate that strong chemical gradients exist in major and minor oxides and volatiles. These were not homogenized or overprinted by Late Jurassic (?) to Middle Cretaceous greenschist to glaucophane-schist facies metamorphism. Very low alkali contents and moderate to very high contents of Ba, F, and Mg are the major chemical characteristics of the pervasively altered rocks. The strong Mg metasomatism, high Ba contents, and limited extent of altered rocks suggest a rapid influx of relatively cold seawater into a hot hydrothermal vent system. Alteration developed asymmetrically around a linear fissure, suggesting fracture control of ore fluids rather than a point source. Micro-probe analyses of phyllosilicates from the Arctic area indicate two discrete mineral populations. Magnesian chlorite, barian white mica, and barian fiuorphlogopite in hydrothermally altered rocks have compositions distinct from similar minerals (chlorite, phengite, biotite) developed during high-pressure metamorphism in metapelitic and metavolcanic lithologies. These differences in mineral chemistry are the result of differences in protolith composition caused by hydrothermal alteration-metasomatism. Without mineral composition data, the contacts between some alteration assemblages and relatively unaltered metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocks with similar mineralogy cannot be determined.

","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.83.4.822","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Schmidt, J., 1988, Mineral and whole-rock compositions of seawater-dominated hydrothermal alteration at the Arctic volcanogenic massive sulfide prospect, Alaska: Economic Geology, v. 83, no. 4, p. 822-842, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.83.4.822.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"822","endPage":"842","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225248,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"83","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1988-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5763e4b0c8380cd6dc44","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmidt, J.M.","contributorId":97916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013803,"text":"70013803 - 1988 - Two-dimensional Lagrangian simulation of suspended sediment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-12T21:40:19.008147","indexId":"70013803","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2338,"text":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Two-dimensional Lagrangian simulation of suspended sediment","docAbstract":"

A two‐dimensional laterally averaged model for suspended sediment transport in steady gradually varied flow that is based on the Lagrangian reference frame is presented. The layered Lagrangian transport model (LLTM) for suspended sediment performs laterally averaged Lagrangian calculations with steady or unsteady upstream boundary concentration. The elevations of nearly horizontal streamlines and the simulation time step are selected to optimize model stability and efficiency. The computational elements are parcels of water that are moved along the streamlines in the Lagrangian sense and are mixed with neighboring parcels. The bottom boundary condition can be either a near‐bed concentration or a sediment pick‐up rate. Three applications show that the LLTM can accurately simulate theoretical and empirical nonequilibrium suspended sediment distributions and slug injections of suspended sediment in a laboratory flume.

","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1988)114:10(1192)","issn":"07339429","usgsCitation":"Schoellhamer, D., 1988, Two-dimensional Lagrangian simulation of suspended sediment: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, v. 114, no. 10, p. 1192-1209, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1988)114:10(1192).","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1192","endPage":"1209","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220505,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"114","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb990e4b08c986b327c74","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schoellhamer, David H. 0000-0001-9488-7340 dschoell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"David H.","email":"dschoell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":366898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013795,"text":"70013795 - 1988 - Age and petrology of alkalic postshield and rejuvenated-stage lava from Kauai, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:33","indexId":"70013795","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age and petrology of alkalic postshield and rejuvenated-stage lava from Kauai, Hawaii","docAbstract":"At the top of the Waimea Canyon Basalt on the island of Kauai, rare flows of alkalic postshield-stage hawaiite and mugearite overlie tholeiitic flows of the shield stage. These postshield-stage flows are 3.92 Ma and provide a younger limit for the age of the tholeiitic shield stage. The younger Koloa Volcanics consist of widespread alkalic rejuvenated-stage flows and vents of alkalic basalt, basanite, nephelinite, and nepheline melilitite that erupted between 3.65 and 0.52 Ma. All the flows older than 1.7 Ma occur in the west-northwestern half of the island and all the flows younger than 1.5 Ma occur in the east-southeastern half. The lithologies have no spatial or chronological pattern. The flows of the Koloa Volcanics are near-primary magmas generated by variable small degrees of partial melting of a compositionally heterogeneous garnet-bearing source that has about two-thirds the concentration of P2O5, rare-earth elements, and Sr of the source of the Honolulu Volcanics on the island of Oahu. The same lithology in the Koloa and Honolulu Volcanics is generated by similar degrees of partial melting of distinct source compositions. The lavas of the Koloa Volcanics can be generated by as little as 3 percent to as much as 17 percent partial melting for nepheline melilitite through alkalic basalt, respectively. Phases that remain in the residue of the Honolulu Volcanics, such as rutile and phlogopite, are exhausted during formation of the Koloa Volcanics at all but the smallest degrees of partial melting. The mantle source for Kauai lava becomes systematically more depleted in 87Sr/86Sr as the volcano evolves from the tholeiitic shield stage to the alkalic postshield stage to the alkalic rejuvenated stage: at the same time, the lavas become systematically more enriched in incompatible trace elements. On a shorter timescale, the lavas of the Koloa Volcanics display the same compositional trends, but at a lower rate of change. The source characteristics of the Koloa Volcanics, considered along with those of the Honolulu Volcanics, support a mixing model in which the source of rejuvenated-stage lava represents large-percent melts of a plume source mixed with small amounts of small-percent melts of a heterogeneous mid-ocean-ridge source. ?? 1988 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00371461","issn":"00107999","usgsCitation":"Clague, D., and Dalrymple, G.B., 1988, Age and petrology of alkalic postshield and rejuvenated-stage lava from Kauai, Hawaii: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 99, no. 2, p. 202-218, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00371461.","startPage":"202","endPage":"218","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205034,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00371461"},{"id":220396,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"99","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e8e1e4b0c8380cd47f35","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clague, D.A.","contributorId":36129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clague","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dalrymple, G. B.","contributorId":10407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dalrymple","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014307,"text":"70014307 - 1988 - The stress heat-flow paradox and thermal results from Cajon Pass","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-14T01:13:45.866049","indexId":"70014307","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The stress heat-flow paradox and thermal results from Cajon Pass","docAbstract":"

Conventional friction models predict a substantial thermal anomaly associated with active traces of strike-slip faults, but no such anomaly is observed from over 100 heat-flow determinations along 1,000 km of the San Andreas fault. The Cajon Pass well is being drilled to bring deep heat-flow and stress data to bear on this paradox. Preliminary heat flows to 1.7 km in the neighboring Arkoma well indicated a positive anomaly of about 30% as would be expected if frictional resistance of the fault were 50 MPa or so, but the Pliocene and Pleistocene history of the Transverse Ranges, particularly high rates of uplift and erosion, could also explain the anomaly. Preliminary stress results from Cajon Pass and a new interpretation of regional data by Mark D. Zoback and colleagues suggests that the maximum compressive stress near the fault is almost normal to the trace, and hence the resolved shear stress is low and the fault, weak. Although this is consistent with long-standing evidence from low heat flow, vexing questions remain regarding the physics of strike-slip faulting. The heat-flow data show large variability with depth, probably from three-dimensional structure, and an overall decrease from over 90 mW/m² in the upper kilometer to less than 80 mW/m² in the lower 300 m with no evidence of advective heat transfer. Whether this decreasing trend is significant and whether it continues downward to the background value (∼70 mW/m² less the radiogenic heat from overlying rocks) as expected for a weak fault must be verified with data from greater depth.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/GL015i009p00981","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Lachenbruch, A., and Sass, J., 1988, The stress heat-flow paradox and thermal results from Cajon Pass: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 15, no. 9, p. 981-984, https://doi.org/10.1029/GL015i009p00981.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"981","endPage":"984","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225241,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb091e4b08c986b324f37","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lachenbruch, A.H.","contributorId":76737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lachenbruch","given":"A.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sass, J.H.","contributorId":70749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sass","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":368082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014453,"text":"70014453 - 1988 - Coastal geomorphology of arctic Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:31","indexId":"70014453","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3519,"text":"Technical Council on Cold Regions Engineering Monograph","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coastal geomorphology of arctic Alaska","docAbstract":"The treeless, tundra-plain of northern Alaska merges with the Arctic Ocean along a coastal area characterized by low tundra bluffs, and sparse coastal and delta dunes. Coastal engineering projects that aggrade or degrade permafrost will alter the geomorphology and rates of coastal processes by changing coastal stability. Similarly, projects that modify the ice environment (artificial islands) or the coastal configuration (causeways) will cause nature to readjust to the new process regime, resulting in modification of the coast. In this paper the authors describe the coastal geomorphology from Barrow to the Canadian border. In addition, they provide a general outline and extensive references of the major coastal processes operating in this environment that will be useful on coastal environments elsewhere in the Arctic.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Technical Council on Cold Regions Engineering Monograph","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","isbn":"0872626393; 0872626393","usgsCitation":"Barnes, P.W., Rawlinson, S.E., and Reimnitz, E., 1988, Coastal geomorphology of arctic Alaska: Technical Council on Cold Regions Engineering Monograph, p. 3-30.","startPage":"3","endPage":"30","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225774,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f782e4b0c8380cd4cb63","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnes, Peter W.","contributorId":6042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rawlinson, Stuart E.","contributorId":99708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rawlinson","given":"Stuart","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reimnitz, Erk","contributorId":17963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reimnitz","given":"Erk","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014437,"text":"70014437 - 1988 - Relic magma chamber structures preserved within the Mesozoic North Atlantic crust?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-27T13:23:22.57901","indexId":"70014437","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relic magma chamber structures preserved within the Mesozoic North Atlantic crust?","docAbstract":"

The North Atlantic Transect seismic reflection data, collected southwest of Bermuda, have been reinterpreted following post-stack migration and reveal two major intracrustal reflections. The shallower of these two events, located ∼1 s below the igneous basement, is a subhorizontal, undulating surface that in some places is continuous for as much as 10 km. On the basis of its position within the section and its laterally discontinuous nature, we believe that this upper crustal reflection corresponds to the intermittently sharp contact between the sheeted dikes and the underlying isotropic gabbro. A second set of lower crustal reflections, dipping ∼20°-40° eastward, is also prominent on the migrated profile and terminates downdip against the subhorizontal reflection Moho. Several lines of evidence argue against these features being either artifacts or out-of-the-plane events. Instead, their presence may be ascribed either to crustal-penetrating fault zones or to mafic-ultramafic cumulate layers frozen into the oceanic crust at the time of formation at the paleo-spreading center. Because of the laminated character of these events and their typical occurrence within 1.0 to 1.5 s of the reflection Moho, we prefer a compositional versus a structural interpretation for their origin.

The gradual thinning in the crust approaching the fracture zones is shown to be more complex than was originally inferred; although the interpretation that the crust gradually thins toward fracture zones may still apply in a few localities, significant departures are recognized elsewhere. Similarly, the improved image on the migrated profile documents an increase in complexity across the localized region directly surrounding the Blake Spur fracture zone. An interpretation advocating crustal thickening in this narrow zone is proposed as an alternative to the crustal-thinning model of Mutter and others.

","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1988)100<1423:RMCSPW>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"McCarthy, J., Mutter, J., Morton, J.L., Sleep, N.H., and Thompson, G.A., 1988, Relic magma chamber structures preserved within the Mesozoic North Atlantic crust?: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 100, no. 9, p. 1423-1436, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1988)100<1423:RMCSPW>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1423","endPage":"1436","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225512,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"100","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa6bde4b0c8380cd8500b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCarthy, J.","contributorId":50290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCarthy","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mutter, J.C.","contributorId":53099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mutter","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morton, J. L.","contributorId":56196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sleep, Norman H.","contributorId":59566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sleep","given":"Norman","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thompson, G. A.","contributorId":90332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70014429,"text":"70014429 - 1988 - Ocean plateau-seamount origin of basaltic rocks, Angayucham terrane, central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-14T11:16:38.412331","indexId":"70014429","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2309,"text":"Journal of Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ocean plateau-seamount origin of basaltic rocks, Angayucham terrane, central Alaska","docAbstract":"The Angayucham terrane of north-central Alaska (immediately S of the Brooks Range) is a large (ca. 500 km E-W), allochthonous complex of Devonian to Lower Jurassic pillow basalt, diabase sills, gabbro plutons, and chert. The mafic rocks are transitional normal-to-enriched, mid-ocean-ridge (MORB) type tholeiites (TiO2 1.2-3.4%, Nb 7-23 ppm, Ta 0.24-1.08 ppm, Zr 69-214 ppm, and light REE's slightly depleted to moderately enriched). Geologic and geochemical constraints indicate that Angayucham terrane is the upper \"skin' (ca. 3-4 km thick) of a long-lived (ca. 170-200 ma) oceanic plateau whose basaltic-gabbroic rocks are like those of seamounts of the East Pacific Rise. -Authors","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","issn":"00221376","usgsCitation":"Barker, F., Jones, D.L., Budahn, J., and Coney, P., 1988, Ocean plateau-seamount origin of basaltic rocks, Angayucham terrane, central Alaska: Journal of Geology, v. 96, no. 3, p. 368-374.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"368","endPage":"374","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225380,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6c94e4b0c8380cd74ccf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barker, F.","contributorId":101368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barker","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, D. L.","contributorId":65045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Budahn, J. R. 0000-0001-9794-8882","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9794-8882","contributorId":83914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budahn","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Coney, P.J.","contributorId":67065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coney","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70185906,"text":"70185906 - 1988 - Partition of nonionic organic compounds in aquatic systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-12T13:59:55","indexId":"70185906","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5344,"text":"Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Partition of nonionic organic compounds in aquatic systems","docAbstract":"

In aqueous systems, the distribution of many nonionic organic solutes in soil-sediment, aquatic organisms, and dissolved organic matter can be explained in terms of a partition model. The nonionic organic solute is distributed between water and different organic phases that behave as bulk solvents. Factors such as polarity, composition, and molecular size of the solute and organic phase determine the relative importance of partition to the environmental distribution of the solute. This chapter reviews these factors in the context of a partition model and also examines several environmental applications of the partition model for surface- and ground-water systems.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4612-3850-8_3","usgsCitation":"Smith, J., Witkowski, P.J., and Chiou, C.T., 1988, Partition of nonionic organic compounds in aquatic systems: Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 103, p. 127-151, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3850-8_3.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"127","endPage":"151","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338650,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"103","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58dcc820e4b02ff32c685754","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, James A.","contributorId":68718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"James A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Witkowski, Patrick J.","contributorId":60904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witkowski","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chiou, Cary T. 0000-0002-8743-0702","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8743-0702","contributorId":189558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chiou","given":"Cary","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014410,"text":"70014410 - 1988 - Sr and Nd isotopic variations in ferromanganese crusts from the Central Pacific: Implications for age and source provenance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-03T16:21:48.833884","indexId":"70014410","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sr and Nd isotopic variations in ferromanganese crusts from the Central Pacific: Implications for age and source provenance","docAbstract":"

Isotopic analyses of two hydrogenetic ferromanganese (Fe-Mn) crusts from volcanic edifices in the central Pacific Ocean reveal systematic variations in 87Sr86Sr\">87Sr86Sr and 143Nd144Nd\">143Nd144Nd, with both ratios decreasing as a function of depth into the Fe-Mn crusts. Leaching experiments suggest that Sr in the crusts is contained in at least two discrete sites. A loosely bound Sr, dominated by modern marine Sr, is removed by leaching with a 10 percent acetic acid solution. The 87Sr86Sr\">87Sr86Sr ratio of the residue is significantly less than the 87Sr86Sr\">87Sr86Sr ratio of the unleached material. The Sr-isotope ratios of leached samples are compared with the temporal variation in seawater to provide ages for layers within the Fe-Mn crusts. These data suggest that the oldest crust layers began to accrete in the early to middle Miocene. Correlated to the 87Sr86Sr\">87Sr86Sr variations, 143Nd144Nd\">143Nd144Nd ratios suggest that the Nd-isotope composition of central Pacific Ocean seawater also changed systematically over this time interval, or that the Fe-Mn crusts simply incorporated Nd from various parts of an isotopieally heterogeneous ocean as the crusts were carried along with the oceanic plate. In contrast to the layered ferromanganese crust, the phosphatized volcaniclastic substrates have Sr and Nd isotope compositions that are consistent with their volcanic origin.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(88)90125-1","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Futa, K., Peterman, Z.E., and Hein, J., 1988, Sr and Nd isotopic variations in ferromanganese crusts from the Central Pacific: Implications for age and source provenance: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 52, no. 9, p. 2229-2233, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(88)90125-1.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"2229","endPage":"2233","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226085,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b963be4b08c986b31b3a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Futa, K.","contributorId":26435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Futa","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterman, Z. E.","contributorId":63781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterman","given":"Z.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hein, J.R. 0000-0002-5321-899X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5321-899X","contributorId":61429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hein","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014425,"text":"70014425 - 1988 - Icebergs rework shelf sediments to 500 m off Antarctica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-24T12:32:57.237036","indexId":"70014425","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Icebergs rework shelf sediments to 500 m off Antarctica","docAbstract":"

Icebergs and sea ice rework the sediments of high-latitude shelves, producing modern diamicts (ice-keel turbates) unrelated to glacial proximity. Off Antarctica, sidescan sonar data indicate the presence of ice-gouge features formed by the physical interaction between ice keels and the sea bed. These are recognized as incisions a few metres deep and tens of metres wide, in water depths up to 500 m. On the submarine bank tops and slopes off Wilkes Land and in the Weddell Sea, subcircular depressions 30 to 150 m in diameter, a washboard pattern, and hummocky bed features also represent iceberg-resting sites. The freshness of sea-bed morphology, nearby Holocene sediment ponding, and active hydraulic sedimentary processes indicate that the sea floor is being reworked by iceberg keels. Tabular iceberg drafts in excess of 330 m have been measured, and modeling studies suggest that nontabular iceberg drafts of 500 m are possible. We conclude that a modern ice-keel turbate deposit in the form of a poorly stratified diamicton is probably widespread on that part (54%) of the Antarctic shelf less than 500 m deep.

","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1988)016<1130:IRSSTM>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Barnes, P.W., and Lien, R., 1988, Icebergs rework shelf sediments to 500 m off Antarctica: Geology, v. 16, no. 12, p. 1130-1133, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1988)016<1130:IRSSTM>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1130","endPage":"1133","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225313,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a37fce4b0c8380cd6133c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnes, P. W.","contributorId":8819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lien, R.","contributorId":104637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lien","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}