{"pageNumber":"1443","pageRowStart":"36050","pageSize":"25","recordCount":41014,"records":[{"id":70014342,"text":"70014342 - 1988 - Lognormal kriging for the assessment of reliability in groundwater quality control observation networks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-23T16:53:46.443201","indexId":"70014342","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lognormal kriging for the assessment of reliability in groundwater quality control observation networks","docAbstract":"<p>Groundwater quality observation networks are examples of discontinuous sampling on variables presenting spatial continuity and highly skewed frequency distributions. Anywhere in the aquifer, lognormal kriging provides estimates of the variable being sampled and a standard error of the estimate. The average and the maximum standard error within the network can be used to dynamically improve the network sampling efficiency or find a design able to assure a given reliability level. The approach does not require the formulation of any physical model for the aquifer or any actual sampling of hypothetical configurations. A case study is presented using the network monitoring salty water intrusion into the Llobregat delta confined aquifer, Barcelona, Spain. The variable chloride concentration used to trace the intrusion exhibits sudden changes within short distances which make the standard error fairly invariable to changes in sampling pattern and to substantial fluctuations in the number of wells.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(88)90006-6","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Candela, L., Olea, R., and Custodio, E., 1988, Lognormal kriging for the assessment of reliability in groundwater quality control observation networks: Journal of Hydrology, v. 103, no. 1-2, p. 67-84, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(88)90006-6.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"67","endPage":"84","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225889,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"103","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a494ae4b0c8380cd684be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Candela, L.","contributorId":18913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Candela","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olea, Ricardo A. 0000-0003-4308-0808","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4308-0808","contributorId":26436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olea","given":"Ricardo A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":368162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Custodio, E.","contributorId":42366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custodio","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70014441,"text":"70014441 - 1988 - A multiple-objective optimal exploration strategy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-14T15:05:04.102509","indexId":"70014441","displayToPublicDate":"2002-04-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2702,"text":"Mathematical and Computer Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A multiple-objective optimal exploration strategy","docAbstract":"<p>Exploration for natural resources is accomplished through partial sampling of extensive domains. Such imperfect knowledge is subject to sampling error. Complex systems of equations resulting from modelling based on the theory of correlated random fields are reduced to simple analytical expressions providing global indices of estimation variance. The indices are utilized by multiple objective decision criteria to find the best sampling strategies. The approach is not limited by geometric nature of the sampling, covers a wide range in spatial continuity and leads to a step-by-step procedure.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0895-7177(88)90525-0","issn":"08957177","usgsCitation":"Christakos, G., and Olea, R., 1988, A multiple-objective optimal exploration strategy: Mathematical and Computer Modelling, v. 11, p. 413-418, https://doi.org/10.1016/0895-7177(88)90525-0.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"413","endPage":"418","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":488394,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0895-7177(88)90525-0","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":225576,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e48ee4b0c8380cd4670e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christakos, G.","contributorId":87685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christakos","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olea, Ricardo A. 0000-0003-4308-0808","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4308-0808","contributorId":26436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olea","given":"Ricardo A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":368404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70013356,"text":"70013356 - 1988 - A simple approach to nonlinear estimation of physical systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-14T15:07:46.939812","indexId":"70013356","displayToPublicDate":"2002-04-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2702,"text":"Mathematical and Computer Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A simple approach to nonlinear estimation of physical systems","docAbstract":"<p>Recursive algorithms for estimating the states of nonlinear physical systems are developed. This requires some key hypotheses regarding the structure of the underlying processes. Members of this class of random processes have several desirable properties for the nonlinear estimation of random signals. An assumption is made about the form of the estimator, which may then take account of a wide range of applications. Under the above assumption, the estimation algorithm is mathematically suboptimal but effective and computationally attractive. It may be compared favorably to Taylor series-type filters, nonlinear filters which approximate the probability density by Edgeworth or Gram-Charlier series, as well as to conventional statistical linearization-type estimators. To link theory with practice, some numerical results for a simulated system are presented, in which the responses from the proposed and the extended Kalman algorithms are compared.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0895-7177(88)90560-2","issn":"08957177","usgsCitation":"Christakos, G., 1988, A simple approach to nonlinear estimation of physical systems: Mathematical and Computer Modelling, v. 11, p. 583-588, https://doi.org/10.1016/0895-7177(88)90560-2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"583","endPage":"588","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":488054,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0895-7177(88)90560-2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":220194,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e58be4b0c8380cd46dfb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christakos, G.","contributorId":87685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christakos","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2,"text":"wsp2267 - 1988 - Analysis of alternative modifications for reducing backwater at the Interstate Highway 10 crossing of the Pearl River near Slidell, Louisiana","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":6979,"text":"ofr84443 - 1984 - Analysis of alternative modifications for reducing backwater at the I-10 crossing of the Pearl River near Slidell, Louisiana","indexId":"ofr84443","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"Analysis of alternative modifications for reducing backwater at the I-10 crossing of the Pearl River near Slidell, Louisiana"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2,"text":"wsp2267 - 1988 - Analysis of alternative modifications for reducing backwater at the Interstate Highway 10 crossing of the Pearl River near Slidell, Louisiana","indexId":"wsp2267","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"title":"Analysis of alternative modifications for reducing backwater at the Interstate Highway 10 crossing of the Pearl River near Slidell, Louisiana"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:10","indexId":"wsp2267","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2267","title":"Analysis of alternative modifications for reducing backwater at the Interstate Highway 10 crossing of the Pearl River near Slidell, Louisiana","docAbstract":"In April 1979 and April 1980, major flooding along the lower Pearl River caused extensive damage to homes located on the flood plain in the Slidell, Louisiana, area. In response to questions about causes of these floods and means of mitigating future floods, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development, Office of Highways, and the U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, used a two-dimensional finite-element surface-water flow-modeling system to study the effect of four alternative modifications for improving the hydraulic characteristics of the Interstate Highway 10 crossing of the flood plain near Slidell. The analysis used the model's capability to simulate changes in flood-plain topography, flood-plain vegetative cover, and highway-embankment geometry. \r\n\r\nCompared with the existing highway crossing, the four alternative modifications reduce backwater and average velocities through bridge openings for a flood of the magnitude of the 1980 flood. The four alternatives also eliminate roadway overtopping during such a flood. For the four modifications, maximum backwater on the west side of the flood plain ranges from 0.3 to 1.1 feet and on the east side from 0.3 to 0.7 foot. Results of the alternative-model simulations show that backwater is greater on the west side of the flood plain than on the east side, but upstream from Interstate Highway 10 backwater decreases more rapidly in the upstream direction on the west side of the flood plain than on the east side. Downstream from Interstate Highway 10, modeling of the four alternatives indicates that backwater and drawdown still occur on the east and west sides of the flood plain, respectively, but are less than the values computed for the April 1980 flood with Interstate Highway 10 in place. \r\n\r\nIn addition to other highway-crossing modifications, alternatives 2 and 3 include simulation of a new 2,000-foot bridge opening, and ,alternative 4 includes simulation of a 1,000-foot bridge opening. The new bridge conveys 25, 23, and 21 percent of the total computed discharge in alternatives 2, 3, and 4, respectively. The average velocity through the new bridge is 2.0, 1.9, and 3.4 feet per second for alternatives 2, 3, and 4, respectively.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2267","usgsCitation":"Wiche, G.J., Gilbert, J.J., Froehlich, D.C., and Lee, J.K., 1988, Analysis of alternative modifications for reducing backwater at the Interstate Highway 10 crossing of the Pearl River near Slidell, Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2267, vi, 48 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.; 8 plates in pocket, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2267.","productDescription":"vi, 48 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.; 8 plates in pocket","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":136243,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2267/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":246936,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2267/plate-1.pdf","size":"1395","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":246937,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2267/plate-2.pdf","size":"1154","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":246938,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2267/plate-3.pdf","size":"1384","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":246939,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2267/plate-4.pdf","size":"1117","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":246940,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2267/plate-5.pdf","size":"1423","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":246941,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2267/plate-6.pdf","size":"1213","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":246942,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2267/plate-7.pdf","size":"1402","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":246943,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2267/plate-8.pdf","size":"1156","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":24585,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2267/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad0e4b07f02db680ab3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wiche, Gregg J. gjwiche@usgs.gov","contributorId":1675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiche","given":"Gregg","email":"gjwiche@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":141782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gilbert, J. J.","contributorId":12448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilbert","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":141783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Froehlich, David C.","contributorId":58617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Froehlich","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":141784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lee, Jonathan K.","contributorId":60186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":141785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":25559,"text":"wri874182 - 1988 - Ground-water resources and simulation of flow in aquifers containing freshwater and seawater, Island County, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:23","indexId":"wri874182","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4182","title":"Ground-water resources and simulation of flow in aquifers containing freshwater and seawater, Island County, Washington","docAbstract":"Aquifers in Island County, Washington, that are intruded by seawater from Puget Sound contain chloride concentrations that exceed 100 mg/L. Chloride concentrations exceeded 100 mg/L in 24 % of the wells that were drilled below sea level and sampled in August 1981, but most of the chloride concentrations did not exceed 1,000 mg/L. Groundwater occurs in glacial deposits that have a maximum thickness of 3,000 ft; the deposits were divided into five aquifers and five confining units. Four overlapping digital models were calibrated, using time-averaged data, to simulate three-dimensional steady flow of fresh groundwater in multiple aquifers containing freshwater and seawater separated by a sharp interface. Model simulations indicate that most of the recharge is discharged from aquifers C and D as springs below sea levels, and only a small fraction of the recharge moves downward below aquifer C. Simulations also indicate that aquifers beneath the islands are not recharged by groundwater that moves from the mainland through aquifers beneath Puget Sound except in the area of northeast Camano Island. Between Whidbey and Camano Islands, the freshwater-seawater interface intersects the bottom of Puget Sound and prevents movement of fresh groundwater between the two islands. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri874182","usgsCitation":"Sapik, D.B., Bortleson, G.C., Drost, B., Jones, M., and Prych, E., 1988, Ground-water resources and simulation of flow in aquifers containing freshwater and seawater, Island County, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4182, vi, 67 p. :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874182.","productDescription":"vi, 67 p. :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124247,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4182/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54282,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4182/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54283,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4182/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54284,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4182/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54285,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4182/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54286,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4182/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db6498c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sapik, D. B.","contributorId":75932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sapik","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bortleson, Gilbert C.","contributorId":57472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bortleson","given":"Gilbert","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Drost, B. W.","contributorId":38526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drost","given":"B. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jones, M. A.","contributorId":37736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"M. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Prych, E. A.","contributorId":36163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prych","given":"E. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":26957,"text":"wri874193 - 1988 - Regionalization of mean annual suspended-sediment loads in streams, central, northwestern, and southwestern Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:31","indexId":"wri874193","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4193","title":"Regionalization of mean annual suspended-sediment loads in streams, central, northwestern, and southwestern Colorado","docAbstract":"Regression analysis was used to develop models for estimating mean annual suspended-sediment loads for streams in Colorado. Mean annual suspended-sediment loads at 81 selected streamflow-gaging stations in the central, northwestern, and southwestern regions of Colorado were expressed as functions of geomorphic and hydrologic variables. A multiple-regression model that included mean basin elevation, mean annual streamflow, and drainage-basin area explained 78% of the variance in mean annual suspended-sediment load when all sites were analyzed together. The state was divided into four regions to decrease variance from spatial differences in geography and climate, and multiple-regression models were recomputed for each region. The best multiple-regression models for the central, northwestern, and southwestern regions of Colorado included mean annual streamflow and mean basin elevation. A multiple-regression model was not developed for eastern Colorado because few sites in this region had adequate sediment-load records. Regionalization of mean annual suspended-sediment loads resulted in improved multiple-regression models for the central, northwestern, and southwestern regions of Colorado. The regional multiple-regression models can be used to estimate mean annual suspended-sediment loads for other streams in these regions when mean annual streamflow and mean basin elevation are known. Regional regression models based only on drainage area also were developed, and they can be used to estimate mean annual suspended-sediment load when annual streamflow is unknown. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri874193","usgsCitation":"Elliott, J.G., 1988, Regionalization of mean annual suspended-sediment loads in streams, central, northwestern, and southwestern Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4193, iv, 24 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874193.","productDescription":"iv, 24 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158264,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4193/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55842,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4193/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c427","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elliott, J. G.","contributorId":45341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":59059,"text":"mf1999 - 1988 - Mineral resources and resource potential map of the Pyramid Peak Roadless Area, Riverside County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-28T16:41:49.055241","indexId":"mf1999","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1999","title":"Mineral resources and resource potential map of the Pyramid Peak Roadless Area, Riverside County, California","docAbstract":"<p>The Pyramid Peak Roadless Area is underlain by mid-Cretaceous plutonic rocks (granite, granodiorite, and tonalite) that intrude metasedimentary rocks of the Desert Divide Group. The granodiorite grades eastward into strongly deformed mylonitic rocks mapped as part of the Santa Rosa mylonite zone. Metasedimentary rocks, orthogneiss, and anatexites of the Palm Canyon Complex were displaced westward over the Santa Rosa mylonite zone along low-angle thrust faults that are nearly synchronous with the mylonite zone. The Pliocene and (or) Pleistocene Bautista Formation unconformably overlies the mid-Cretaceous plutonic rocks.</p>\n<p>Geologic and geochemical data indicate that the study area has high resource potential for marble, and moderate resource potential for epithermal gold deposits and tungsten skarns. The Desert Divide Group and the Palm Canyon Complex contain large resources of marble quarried for Portland cement and for construction applications. Gold occurs in quartz veins and pegmatites in the Desert Divide Group and the Penrod Quartz Monzonite. Skarns in the Desert Divide Group contain scheelite and anomalous concentrations of arsenic and beryllium. Thin layers of tremolite asbestos along low-angle thrust faults occur outside of the study area.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/mf1999","usgsCitation":"Calzia, J., 1988, Mineral resources and resource potential map of the Pyramid Peak Roadless Area, Riverside County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1999, 1 Plate: 28.18 x 25.27 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1999.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 28.18 x 25.27 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":486650,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_5592.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":327173,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1999/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":182642,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf1999.PNG"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Riverside County","otherGeospatial":"Pyramid Peak Roadless Area","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.61666666666666,33.55 ], [ -116.61666666666666,33.71666666666667 ], [ -116.41666666666667,33.71666666666667 ], [ -116.41666666666667,33.55 ], [ -116.61666666666666,33.55 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b08e4b07f02db69b9ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Calzia, J.P.","contributorId":58614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calzia","given":"J.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":261344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26372,"text":"wri884000 - 1988 - Simulation of five ground-water withdrawal projections for the Black Mesa area, Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:32","indexId":"wri884000","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4000","title":"Simulation of five ground-water withdrawal projections for the Black Mesa area, Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations, Arizona","docAbstract":"The N Aquifer is the main source of water in the 5,400 sq mi Black Mesa area in the Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations in northeastern Arizona. Water in the aquifer is under confined conditions in the central 3,300 sq mi of the area. Maximum saturated thickness is about 1,050 ft. Annual groundwater withdrawals from 1972 through 1986 averaged 5,480 acre-ft and included 3,820 acre-ft used to operate a coal mine on Black Mesa. As a result, water levels have declined in a large part of the aquifer. The coal company has applied for a permanent permit under the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977. An existing mathematical model of the aquifer in the Black Mesa area was converted to a newer model program and recalibrated by using revised estimates of selected aquifer parameters and a finer spatial grid. The model was used to simulate four groundwater withdrawal alternatives that combined the existing and proposed mining plans with projected constant or increasing pumpage for nearby communities. A fifth alternative combined increasing community pumpage with no mine withdrawals and was used as a basis for comparison. Simulated water levels for the year 2031 in the coal-lease area are projected to be 60 ft lower than in 1985 for the proposed mining plan combined with growing community pumpage and &gt; 100 ft lower than predevelopment water levels over an area of 1,660 sq mi. Groundwater would rise to within 100 ft of predevelopment levels &lt; 10 yr after mine withdrawals cease. Withdrawals at the mine were a minor factor in determining simulated water levels at most communities in the study area. Water levels at Tuba City were not affected by mine pumpage in any projection. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri884000","usgsCitation":"Brown, J.G., and Eychaner, J., 1988, Simulation of five ground-water withdrawal projections for the Black Mesa area, Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4000, v, 51 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884000.","productDescription":"v, 51 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158085,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4000/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55166,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4000/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7ee4b07f02db64857d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, J. G.","contributorId":28263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eychaner, J.H.","contributorId":34511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eychaner","given":"J.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":2569,"text":"wsp2342 - 1988 - Volatilization of benzene and eight alkyl-substituted benzene compounds from water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:29","indexId":"wsp2342","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2342","title":"Volatilization of benzene and eight alkyl-substituted benzene compounds from water","docAbstract":"Predicting the fate of organic compounds in streams and rivers often requires knowledge of the volatilization characteristics of the compounds. The reference-substance concept, involving laboratory-determined ratios of the liquid-film coefficients for volatilization of the organic compounds to the liquid-film coefficient for oxygen absorption, is used to predict liquid-film coefficients for streams and rivers. In the absence of experimental data, two procedures have been used for estimating these liquid-film coefficient ratios. These procedures, based on the molecular-diffusion coefficient and on the molecular weight, have been widely used but never extensively evaluated. \r\n\r\nLiquid-film coefficients for the volatilization of benzene and eight alkyl-substituted benzene compounds (toluene through n-octylbenzene) from water were measured in a constant-temperature, stirred water bath. Liquid-film coefficients for oxygen absorption were measured simultaneously. A range of water mixing conditions was used with a water temperature of 298.2 K. \r\n\r\nThe ratios of the liquid-film coefficients for volatilization to the liquid-film coefficient for oxygen absorption for all of the organic compounds were independent of mixing conditions in the water. Experimental ratios ranged from 0.606 for benzene to 0.357 for n-octylbenzene. \r\n\r\nThe molecular-diffusion-coefficient procedure accurately predicted the ratios for ethylbenzene through n-pentylbenzene with a power dependence of 0.566 on the molecular-diffusion coefficient, in agreement with published values. Predicted ratios for benzene and toluene were slightly larger than the experimental ratios. These differences were attributed to possible interactions between the molecules of these compounds and the water molecules and to benzene-benzene interactions that form dimers. Because these interactions also are likely to occur in natural waters, it was concluded that the experimental ratios are more correct than the predicted ratios for application purposes in the reference-substance concept. Predicted ratios for n-hexylbenzene, n-heptylbenzene, and n-octylbenzene were larger than the experimental ratios. These differences were attributed to a sorption-desorption process between these compounds and the surfaces of the constant-temperature water bath. Other experimental problems associated with preparing water solutions of these slightly soluble compounds also may have contributed to the differences. Because these processes are not part of the true volatilization process, it was concluded that the predicted ratios for these three compounds are probably more correct than the experimental ratios for application purposes in the reference-substance concept. Any model of the fate of these compounds in streams and rivers would have to include terms accounting for sorption processes, however.\r\n\r\nThe molecular-weight procedure accurately predicted the ratios for ethylbenzene through n-pentylbenzene, but only if the power dependence on the molecular weight was decreased from the commonly used -0.500 to -0.427. Deviations for the low- and high-molecular-weight compounds were similar to those observed for the molecular-diffusion-coefficient procedure.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2342","usgsCitation":"Rathbun, R.E., and Tai, D.Y., 1988, Volatilization of benzene and eight alkyl-substituted benzene compounds from water: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2342, vi, 24 p. : ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2342.","productDescription":"vi, 24 p. : ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138589,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2342/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28838,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2342/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e478fe4b07f02db48a0bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rathbun, R. E.","contributorId":61796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rathbun","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tai, D. Y.","contributorId":59778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tai","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":26569,"text":"wri874209 - 1988 - Regionalization of peak discharges for streams in Kentucky","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-24T15:27:46","indexId":"wri874209","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4209","title":"Regionalization of peak discharges for streams in Kentucky","docAbstract":"<p>Multiple regression analysis was used to delineate hydrologically distinct regions in Kentucky, and to develop regression models for estimating peak discharge for unregulated streams in these regions. The regression models provide estimates of flood quantiles with associated average recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 years. The data base used in the analysis included annual peak discharge records (through water year 1985) at 266 continuous- and partial-record gaging stations in, and adjacent to, Kentucky. Selected drainage basin characteristics upstream of each gaging station were used to develop the regression equations. Flood quantiles at the gaged stations were estimated on the basis of log-Pearson Type III distribution and the methodology recommended by the U.S. Water Resources Council. Seven hydrologic regions were delineated in Kentucky on the basis of analysis of residuals from statewide and regional regression models. Regression models for estimating flood quantiles in the hydrologic regions are based on measurements of contributing drainage area, main channel slope, basin shape index, and main channel sinuosity. The regression coefficients indicated an increase in flood discharge with increasing drainage area and channel slope, and a decrease in discharge with increasing channel sinuosity and basin elongation. Accuracy of the discharge estimates from the regression models as measured by the standard error of the estimate ranged from 21 to 52%. The procedures for estimating flood quantiles vary depending on whether the estimate is for an ungaged site, an ungaged site near a gaged site on the same stream, or a gaged site. Also considered is whether the drainage area crosses hydrologic region boundaries or state lines. The methods apply only to natural flow streams drainage areas &lt; 1 ,000 sq mi.&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri874209","usgsCitation":"Choquette, A.F., 1988, Regionalization of peak discharges for streams in Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4209, Report: viii, 105 p.; Plate: 30 x 19 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874209.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 105 p.; Plate: 30 x 19 inches","numberOfPages":"114","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":55433,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4209/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":308566,"rank":401,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4209/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"25.6 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,{"id":80276,"text":"fwsobs82_10_150 - 1988 - Habitat Suitability Index Models: Black-bellied whistling-duck (breeding)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-28T16:50:20.769807","indexId":"fwsobs82_10_150","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"82/10.150","subseriesTitle":"Habitat Suitability Index","title":"Habitat Suitability Index Models: Black-bellied whistling-duck (breeding)","docAbstract":"A review and synthesis of existing information were used to develop a model for evaluating the quality of habitat for breeding black-bellied whistling-ducks. The model is scaled to produce an index between 0.0 (unsuitable habitat) to 1.0 (optimal habitat). Habitat suitability index models are designed to be used with Habitat Evaluation Procedures previously developed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Guidelines for model application and techniques for measuring model variable are provided.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"McKenzie, P.M., and Zwank, P.J., 1988, Habitat Suitability Index Models: Black-bellied whistling-duck (breeding): FWS/OBS 82/10.150, vi, 22 p.","productDescription":"vi, 22 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191005,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649bdc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKenzie, Paul M.","contributorId":14902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenzie","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zwank, Phillip J.","contributorId":11287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zwank","given":"Phillip","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":27525,"text":"wri874057 - 1988 - Appraisal of the water resources of the Big Sioux Aquifer, Moody County, South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:40","indexId":"wri874057","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4057","title":"Appraisal of the water resources of the Big Sioux Aquifer, Moody County, South Dakota","docAbstract":"The Big Sioux aquifer in Moody County is a 55 sq mi, water table aquifer hydraulically connected to the Big Sioux River. The average thickness is 22 ft and the maximum thickness is 54 ft. A digital model was developed to simulate groundwater flow in the Big Sioux aquifer in Moody County. The model was calibrated for steady-state conditions using average hydrologic conditions from 1970 through 1979. Steady-state simulated water levels from 11 wells averaged 0.4 ft higher than measured water levels. The model was calibrated for transient conditions using 1983 water levels. The average monthly difference in 27 observation wells between simulated and measured water levels was 2.63 ft. Sensitivity analyses showed that recharge rate and evapotranspiration extinction depth had the largest effect on simulated water levels. A 4-inch/year increase in the recharge rate caused simulated water levels to rise 1.7 ft. A 2.5-ft increase in the extinction depth caused simulated water levels to decline 0.8 ft. The calibrated model was used to simulate the effects of three hypothetical hydrologic situations. The first situation simulated the transient effects of 1983 pumpage under severe drought conditions. The second hypothetical situation simulated the steady-state effects of increased pumping at a rate of 5,200 acre-ft/year under average hydrologic conditions. The third hypothetical situation simulated the transient effects of pumping 5,200 acre-ft/year under severe drought conditions. Stored water was not depleted in any nodes after these simulations. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri874057","usgsCitation":"Hansen, D.S., 1988, Appraisal of the water resources of the Big Sioux Aquifer, Moody County, South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4057, v, 38 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874057.","productDescription":"v, 38 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124261,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4057/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56385,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4057/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67a3db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hansen, D. S.","contributorId":70003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29433,"text":"wri874220 - 1988 - Water resources of the Apostle Islands National Lakeshore, northern Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-20T10:39:12","indexId":"wri874220","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4220","title":"Water resources of the Apostle Islands National Lakeshore, northern Wisconsin","docAbstract":"<p>The Apostle Islands National Lakeshore consists of 21 islands, part of the Bayfield Peninsula, and the adjacent waters of Lake Superior. Selected water resources of the Apostle Islands National Lakeshore were assessed to aid the National Park Service in developing and managing the Lakeshore and to provide a data base against which future changes can be compared. This summary of water-resources data, collected by the U.S. Geological Survey during 1979-84, provides a qualitative description of selected hydrologic components of the Lakeshore.</p>\n<p>Streamflow in the Lakeshore area is characterized by typical seasonal fluctuations. Flow in Sand River at State Highway 13 ranged from 3.9 to 1,630 cubic feet per second. The recurrence interval of the maximum observed discharge was about 4 years. The minimum observed 7-day low flow was 3.86 cubic feet per second.</p>\n<p>The greatest concentrations of most chemical constituents in Bayfield Peninsula streams occurred during base flow.</p>\n<p>Annual sediment loads in Sand River at State Highway 13 ranged from 977 tons in 1980 water year to 24,600 tons in 1984 water year.The average annual sediment load transported by Bayfield Peninsula streams to the National Lakeshore area of Lake Superior is estimated to be 44,000 tons. Annual phosphorus loads ranged from 1,400 pounds in 1980 water year to 11,100 pounds in 1984 water year. The average annual phosphorus load transported by Bayfield Peninsula streams to the National Lakeshore area of Lake Superior is estimated to be 21,500 pounds.</p>\n<p>Few island streams flow perennially, but Oak Island streams generally yield more base-flow runoff than Stockton Island streams. The base flow of Oak Island streams is dominated by ground-water discharge, whereas Stockton Island stream base flow is sustained by seepage from wetlands and beaver ponds.</p>\n<p>There are two major lagoons in the Lakeshore, the Outer Island Lagoon's area is 53 acres and its maximum depth is 7 feet. Dominant inflow to the lagoon is from precipitation on its surface and seepage from an adjacent bog. Outflow during open-water periods is dominated by evaporation. Ground-water seepage from the lagoon toward Lake Superior occurs yearround. The lagoon's water is acidic and has low specific conductance and generally small concentrations of most chemical constituents.</p>\n<p>The Michigan Island Lagoon is about 4 acres in area and its maximum depth is 6.5 feet. The most significant sources of inflow appear to be precipitation and wave washover from Lake Superior.</p>\n<p>Water from four deep-water monitoring sites in Lake Superior revealed concentrations of total phosphorus, organic carbon, and recoverable mercury ranging from &lt;0.01 to 0.02 milligrams per liter, 1.1 to 5.3 milligrams per liter and &lt;0.1 to 0.1 micrograms per liter, respectively. Neither pesticide residues nor fecal coliform bacteria were detected in the water column. Total phosphorus concentrations in bottom sediment ranged from 50 to 470 milligrams per kilogram and were related directly to the percentage of fine-grained (&lt; 0.0625 millimeters) sediment particles. Traces of only two pesticide residues- DDE and DDT were detected in sediment. The most abundant benthic macroinvertebrate was Pontoporeia affinis, which was found in densities of from 960 to 2,100 organisms per square meter.</p>\n<p>No adverse affects resulting from visitor use were detected in the shallow-water, heavy-use areas in Presque Isle Bay off Stockton Island or in the waters between Rocky and South Twin Islands. Phosphorus and organic-carbon concentrations were similar to those observed in the deep-water area; mercury was not detected in water from either area.</p>\n<p>Ground-water use in the National Lakeshore is primarily for consumption by Lakeshore visitors and employees. Of 14 wells constructed from 1979-84, 4 were finished in glacial sand and gravel, and 10 were finished in sandstone. Specific capacities ranged from 0.63 to 50 gallon per minute per foot. Average concentrations of dissolved solids are moderate and concentrations of heavy metals did not exceed Wisconsin's primary health standard.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri874220","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Rose, W.J., 1988, Water resources of the Apostle Islands National Lakeshore, northern Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4220, vi, 44 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874220.","productDescription":"vi, 44 p.","numberOfPages":"50","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122647,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4220/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58281,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4220/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Bayfield County","otherGeospatial":"Apostle Islands National Lakeshore, Lake Superior","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -90.98876953125,\n              46.803819640791566\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.77178955078125,\n              46.702202151643455\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.54107666015625,\n              46.78501604269254\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.37628173828125,\n              46.948387301863534\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.31036376953125,\n              47.040182144806664\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.4449462890625,\n              47.14676553125098\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.75256347656249,\n              47.14676553125098\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.98602294921875,\n              47.06638028321398\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.0821533203125,\n              46.965259400349275\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.23321533203125,\n              46.880845705719146\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.219482421875,\n              46.8094594390422\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.98876953125,\n              46.803819640791566\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4d0b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rose, W. J.","contributorId":14433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29379,"text":"wri874152 - 1988 - Simulated water-level and water-quality changes in the bolson-fill aquifer, Post Headquarters area, White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:55","indexId":"wri874152","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4152","title":"Simulated water-level and water-quality changes in the bolson-fill aquifer, Post Headquarters area, White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico","docAbstract":"The quantity of freshwater available in the Post Headquarters well field, White Sand Missile Range, New Mexico, is limited and its quality is threatened by saltwater enroachment. A three-dimensional, finite-difference, groundwater flow model and a cross-sectional, density-dependent solute-transport model were constructed to simulate possible future water level declines and water quality changes in the Post Headquarters well field. A six-layer flow model was constructed using hydraulic-conductivity values in the upper 600 ft of saturated aquifer ranging from 0.1 to 10 ft/day, specific yield of 0.15, and average recharge of about 1,590 acre-ft/yr. Water levels simulated by the model closely matched measured water levels for 1948-82. Possible future water level changes for 1983-2017 were simulated using rates of groundwater withdrawal of 1,033 and 2 ,066 acre-ft/year and wastewater return flow of 0 or 30% of the groundwater withdrawal rate. The cross-sectional solute-transport model indicated that the freshwater zone is about 1,500 to 2,000 ft thick beneath the well field. Transient simulations show that solutes probably will move laterally toward the well field rather than from beneath the well field. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri874152","usgsCitation":"Risser, D.W., 1988, Simulated water-level and water-quality changes in the bolson-fill aquifer, Post Headquarters area, White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4152, viii, 71 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874152.","productDescription":"viii, 71 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159752,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4152/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58224,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4152/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f9e4b07f02db5f30c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Risser, D. W.","contributorId":48211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risser","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29773,"text":"wri874196 - 1988 - Effects of urbanization on storm-runoff volume and peak discharge of Valley Creek, eastern Chester County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-12T13:32:55","indexId":"wri874196","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4196","title":"Effects of urbanization on storm-runoff volume and peak discharge of Valley Creek, eastern Chester County, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"Peak discharge and runoff volume were simulated for 21 storms in the Valley Creek basin using the U.S. Geological Survey Distributed Routing Rainfall-Runoff Model (DR3M). Storm peak discharges ranged from 301 to 900 cubic feet per second. Rainfall was measured at three recording rain gages in the basin. Observed and simulated runoff volumes and peak discharges were compared for the upper 20.8 square miles of the basin. The average error for runoff volume was 29 percent. The average error for peak discharge was 19 percent for the 11 calibration storms and 32 percent for the 10 verification storms. Streamflow was routed to the Schuylkill River for the lower 2.6 square miles of the basin. Simulations were made to determine the effect on runoff volume and peak discharge of increasing impervious are from 9 percent to 15, 20, and 25 percent in the part of the basin most likely to be developed. For 25 percent impervious area, runoff volume would increase an average of 52 percent and peak discharge would increase an average of 55 percent for Valley Creek at the Pennsylvania Turnpike bridge. At the confluence of Valley Creek with the Schuylkill River, runoff volume would increase an average of 46 percent and peak discharge would increase an average of 50 percent.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri874196","usgsCitation":"Sloto, R., 1988, Effects of urbanization on storm-runoff volume and peak discharge of Valley Creek, eastern Chester County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4196, v, 32 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874196.","productDescription":"v, 32 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122691,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4196/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58573,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4196/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-75.6968,40.2417],[-75.6912,40.2388],[-75.6894,40.2378],[-75.6864,40.2387],[-75.6784,40.2436],[-75.6741,40.2458],[-75.6705,40.2466],[-75.6645,40.2461],[-75.6549,40.2428],[-75.6478,40.2404],[-75.6406,40.2371],[-75.6304,40.2347],[-75.6209,40.2305],[-75.6186,40.2277],[-75.6151,40.2245],[-75.6114,40.2244],[-75.6078,40.2258],[-75.6047,40.2275],[-75.6059,40.2294],[-75.6076,40.2326],[-75.6088,40.2348],[-75.6081,40.2366],[-75.605,40.2389],[-75.6014,40.2379],[-75.5997,40.2365],[-75.5973,40.2347],[-75.591,40.2214],[-75.5835,40.21],[-75.5801,40.2045],[-75.5796,40.2004],[-75.5766,40.1981],[-75.5724,40.1967],[-75.5694,40.1966],[-75.5676,40.1975],[-75.5645,40.2006],[-75.5644,40.2029],[-75.5655,40.207],[-75.5661,40.2093],[-75.5636,40.2101],[-75.5606,40.2096],[-75.5589,40.2073],[-75.5554,40.2023],[-75.5503,40.19],[-75.544,40.1794],[-75.5387,40.1739],[-75.527,40.1664],[-75.5275,40.1492],[-75.5239,40.1468],[-75.5184,40.1475],[-75.5127,40.1595],[-75.503,40.1593],[-75.5,40.1563],[-75.5036,40.1506],[-75.5107,40.1422],[-75.5088,40.1347],[-75.4905,40.1253],[-75.4729,40.1287],[-75.4611,40.1241],[-75.4627,40.119],[-75.4691,40.1169],[-75.4719,40.1116],[-75.4693,40.1066],[-75.4618,40.1027],[-75.4633,40.0971],[-75.4563,40.0945],[-75.4558,40.0876],[-75.4401,40.0941],[-75.4369,40.0899],[-75.42,40.0966],[-75.3927,40.0604],[-75.3669,40.0723],[-75.361,40.0668],[-75.3702,40.062],[-75.3732,40.0602],[-75.3811,40.0572],[-75.4012,40.0475],[-75.4025,40.0471],[-75.4086,40.0436],[-75.4128,40.0418],[-75.4106,40.0373],[-75.4076,40.0336],[-75.406,40.0295],[-75.4139,40.0242],[-75.4207,40.0202],[-75.4311,40.0118],[-75.4508,39.9958],[-75.452,39.9949],[-75.4532,39.994],[-75.4521,39.9926],[-75.4455,39.9925],[-75.4437,39.9925],[-75.4412,39.9933],[-75.4401,39.9915],[-75.4372,39.9865],[-75.4385,39.9842],[-75.4398,39.9811],[-75.4399,39.9793],[-75.4423,39.9788],[-75.4446,39.9807],[-75.4726,39.968],[-75.4993,39.9557],[-75.5024,39.9544],[-75.5079,39.9518],[-75.5152,39.9483],[-75.5224,39.9452],[-75.5243,39.9443],[-75.5202,39.9397],[-75.5191,39.9374],[-75.5306,39.9322],[-75.526,39.9239],[-75.5315,39.9218],[-75.5366,39.9305],[-75.5427,39.9274],[-75.5398,39.9242],[-75.5447,39.922],[-75.5424,39.9183],[-75.5502,39.9152],[-75.5468,39.9093],[-75.5553,39.9058],[-75.5576,39.9086],[-75.5601,39.9072],[-75.5583,39.904],[-75.562,39.9023],[-75.5711,39.897],[-75.573,39.8943],[-75.5714,39.8879],[-75.5799,39.8835],[-75.5822,39.8854],[-75.5834,39.8849],[-75.5852,39.8863],[-75.5888,39.8846],[-75.5842,39.8804],[-75.5981,39.8747],[-75.5952,39.8724],[-75.5934,39.8697],[-75.5935,39.8683],[-75.5959,39.8652],[-75.599,39.862],[-75.6003,39.8602],[-75.6015,39.858],[-75.601,39.8562],[-75.5975,39.8539],[-75.5939,39.8515],[-75.5946,39.8488],[-75.5965,39.8457],[-75.5978,39.8416],[-75.5973,39.8379],[-75.6146,39.835],[-75.6308,39.8314],[-75.6464,39.827],[-75.647,39.8268],[-75.6661,39.82],[-75.6775,39.8156],[-75.6928,39.8074],[-75.7056,39.7991],[-75.7177,39.7912],[-75.724,39.7866],[-75.7268,39.7845],[-75.7378,39.775],[-75.7476,39.7653],[-75.7551,39.756],[-75.7611,39.7478],[-75.7662,39.7393],[-75.77,39.731],[-75.7723,39.7231],[-75.7875,39.7231],[-76.0148,39.7228],[-76.1392,39.7223],[-76.1373,39.7262],[-76.1337,39.728],[-76.1307,39.728],[-76.1266,39.7265],[-76.1236,39.7242],[-76.1188,39.726],[-76.1187,39.7301],[-76.1205,39.7333],[-76.1198,39.7364],[-76.1144,39.7368],[-76.1115,39.735],[-76.1121,39.7318],[-76.1134,39.7287],[-76.1104,39.7268],[-76.1051,39.7254],[-76.0996,39.7285],[-76.0965,39.7326],[-76.0959,39.7362],[-76.0988,39.738],[-76.1018,39.7399],[-76.1018,39.7421],[-76.1011,39.7449],[-76.0957,39.7448],[-76.0909,39.7452],[-76.0873,39.7474],[-76.0842,39.7537],[-76.0841,39.7592],[-76.0804,39.7609],[-76.0678,39.7626],[-76.066,39.7644],[-76.0654,39.7671],[-76.0659,39.7708],[-76.0628,39.7734],[-76.0616,39.7752],[-76.0615,39.7789],[-76.0567,39.7802],[-76.0537,39.7819],[-76.0506,39.7846],[-76.0481,39.79],[-76.0444,39.7963],[-76.0377,39.8026],[-76.0352,39.808],[-76.0303,39.813],[-76.0308,39.8175],[-76.032,39.8207],[-76.0265,39.8247],[-76.0253,39.826],[-76.0252,39.8301],[-76.0234,39.831],[-76.0191,39.8319],[-76.0191,39.8337],[-76.0202,39.8378],[-76.023,39.8464],[-76.0217,39.8518],[-76.0211,39.8537],[-76.0181,39.8545],[-76.0163,39.854],[-76.0127,39.8531],[-76.0103,39.8531],[-76.0091,39.8544],[-76.007,39.8666],[-76.0051,39.8712],[-76.0039,39.873],[-76.0015,39.8738],[-75.9991,39.8734],[-75.9974,39.8715],[-75.9956,39.8701],[-75.9932,39.8697],[-75.9926,39.8706],[-75.9908,39.8719],[-75.9877,39.8732],[-75.9871,39.8746],[-75.9877,39.8768],[-75.9912,39.8801],[-75.9905,39.8828],[-75.9899,39.8868],[-75.9879,39.8927],[-75.9885,39.895],[-75.9902,39.8977],[-75.9943,39.901],[-75.9961,39.9028],[-75.9957,39.9236],[-75.9962,39.9259],[-75.998,39.9273],[-75.9968,39.9282],[-75.9938,39.9277],[-75.9926,39.9268],[-75.9914,39.9272],[-75.9902,39.9286],[-75.98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R. A.","contributorId":36155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sloto","given":"R. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":30603,"text":"wri874043 - 1988 - Nitrogen transport in a shallow outwash aquifer at Olean, Cattaraugus County, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-13T19:34:49.834626","indexId":"wri874043","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4043","title":"Nitrogen transport in a shallow outwash aquifer at Olean, Cattaraugus County, New York","docAbstract":"<p>Groundwater beneath an industrial park at Olean, New York, contained nitrogen compounds in concentrations that in 1983 ranged from 10 to 1,280 mg/L as nitrogen, mainly in the form of ammonium. Continuous pumping from an industrial well field creates a cone of depression that prevents the nitrogen compounds from migrating to municipal-supply wells, 7,000 ft away. A two-dimensional solute transport model was used to simulate changes in nitrogen concentrations that would result from a permanent shutdown of the well field. The model assumed the nitrogen source decayed at an exponential rate with a decay constant of 0.3/year to account for nitrogen removed from the aquifer by pumping during 1978-84. The source of contamination was found to be sensitive to the volume of pumpage at the industrial well field, which altered the rate of groundwater flow through the contaminated area. Simulations of a permanent shutdown of the well field, assuming nitrogen migrates as a conservative solute, indicated that nitrogen-bearing groundwater would reach the municipal well field within 5 years and the peak concentrations at the municipal well field would range from 2 to 5 mg/L. Simulations of Langmuir adsorption of the dissolved ammonium with a one-dimensional model indicated that the arrival of the solute front at the municipal well field would be retarded by a factor of three.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri874043","usgsCitation":"Yager, R.M., and Bergeron, M.P., 1988, Nitrogen transport in a shallow outwash aquifer at Olean, Cattaraugus County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4043, Report: vii, 51 p.; 6 Plates: 18.70 x 14.33 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874043.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 51 p.; 6 Plates: 18.70 x 14.33 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":59363,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4043/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59362,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4043/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59365,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4043/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59364,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4043/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59361,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4043/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59367,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4043/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59366,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4043/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":411900,"rank":9,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46727.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":123393,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4043/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Cattaraugus County","city":"Olean","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -78.5075,\n              42.1158\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.5075,\n              42.0567\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.375,\n              42.0567\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.375,\n              42.1158\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.5075,\n              42.1158\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62c485","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yager, R. M.","contributorId":8069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bergeron, M. P.","contributorId":42969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergeron","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":18884,"text":"ofr88491 - 1988 - Operating manual for the U.S. Geological Survey minimonitor, 1988 revised edition; punched-paper-tape model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:25","indexId":"ofr88491","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-491","title":"Operating manual for the U.S. Geological Survey minimonitor, 1988 revised edition; punched-paper-tape model","docAbstract":"This manual describes the U.S. Geological Survey Minimonitor Water Quality Data Measuring and Recording System. Instructions for calibrating, servicing, maintaining, and operating the system are provided. The Survey Minimonitor is a battery-powered , multiparameter water quality monitoring instrument designed for field use. A watertight can containing signal conditioners is connected with cable and waterproof connectors to various water quality sensors. Data are recorded on a punched paper-tape recorder. An external battery is required. The operation and maintenance of various sensors and signal conditioners are discussed, for temperature, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, and pH. Calibration instructions are provided for each parameter, along with maintenance instructions. Sections of the report explain how to connect the Minimonitor to measure direct-current voltages, such as signal outputs from other instruments. Instructions for connecting a satellite data-collection platform or a solid-state data recorder to the Minimonitor are given also. Basic information is given for servicing the Minimonitor and trouble-shooting some of its electronic components. The use of test boxes to test sensors, isolate component problems, and verify calibration values is discussed. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Hydrologic Instrumentation Facility ;\r\nCopies available from Books and Open-File Reports Section,","doi":"10.3133/ofr88491","usgsCitation":"Ficken, J.H., and Scott, C.T., 1988, Operating manual for the U.S. Geological Survey minimonitor, 1988 revised edition; punched-paper-tape model: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-491, vi, 76 p. ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr88491.","productDescription":"vi, 76 p. ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":150796,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0491/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":48280,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0491/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af2e4b07f02db69189d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ficken, James H.","contributorId":52985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ficken","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, Carl T.","contributorId":12062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"Carl","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":29772,"text":"wri864054 - 1988 - Effects of flood controls proposed for West Branch Brandywine Creek, Chester County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-12T13:42:27","indexId":"wri864054","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4054","title":"Effects of flood controls proposed for West Branch Brandywine Creek, Chester County, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"Twenty-four-hour rainfall, distributed over time according to the U.S. Soil Conservation Service type II rainfall distribution, was used as input to calibrated rainfall-runoff models of three subbasins in the West Branch Brandywine Creek watershed. The effects of four proposed flood controls were evaluated by using these rainfalls to simulate discharge hydrographs with and without the flood controls and comparing the simulated peak discharges.\r\n\r\n      In the Honey Brook subbasin, 2-, 10-, and 100-year flood-discharge hydrographs were generated for station West Branch Brandywine Creek at Coatesville. For the 2- and 10-year floods, proposed flood controls would reduce the peak discharge from 1 to 8 percent. The combination of all three flood controls proposed for the Coatesville subbasin would reduce the 100-year peak discharge 44 percent.\r\n\r\n      In the Modena subbasin, 2-, 10-, and 100-year flood-discharge hydrographs were generated for station West Branch Brandywine Creek at Modena. A flood control proposed for Sucker Run, a tributary, would reduce the peak discharge of Sucker Run at State Route 82 by 22, 25, and 27 percent and the peak discharge of West Branch Brandywine Creek at Modena by 10, 6, and less than 1 percent for the 2-, 10-, and 100-year floods, respectively.\r\n\r\n      For the 2- and 10- year floods, flood control proposed for the Coatesville subbasin would have little effect on the peak discharge of West Branch Brandywine Creek at Modena. For the 100-year flood, the combination of all three flood controls proposed for the Coatesville subbasin would reduce the peak discharge at Modena 25 percent.\r\n\r\n      When flood control in the Modena subbasin was combined with flood control in the Coatesville subbasin, the 10-percent reduction in the 2-year flood peak of West Branch Brandywine Creek at Modena was due almost entirely to flood control in the Modena subbasin. For the 10-year flood, flood control in the Modena subbasin would reduce the peak discharge 6 percent, and any single flood control in the Coatesville subbasin would provide an additional 1 to 3 percent reduction. Although flood control in the Modena subbasin would have little effect on reducing the 100-year flood peak, it would provide an additional 5 percent reduction in the peak discharge, for a total reduction of 30 percent, when combined with the three flood controls in the Coatesville subbasin.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri864054","usgsCitation":"Sloto, R., 1988, Effects of flood controls proposed for West Branch Brandywine Creek, Chester County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4054, v, 28 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864054.","productDescription":"v, 28 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":123787,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4054/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58572,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4054/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United 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R. A.","contributorId":36155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sloto","given":"R. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":68091,"text":"ha694A - 1988 - Hydrogeology of the Great Basin region of Nevada, Utah, and adjacent states","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-21T10:46:55","indexId":"ha694A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":318,"text":"Hydrologic Atlas","code":"HA","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"694","chapter":"A","title":"Hydrogeology of the Great Basin region of Nevada, Utah, and adjacent states","docAbstract":"<p>This atlas is a product of the Great Basin Regional Aquifer-System Analysis (RASA), a study that began in 1981. The study is part of a U.S. Geological Survey program for evaluating regional aquifer systems nationwide. A regional aquifer system is defined as “an areally extensive set of aquifers which are linked in some way, such as hydraulically or economically” (Harrill and others, 1983, p. 2). The purpose of the Great Basin RASA is to evaluate aquifer system in the Great Basin by developing a better understanding of recharge and discharge processes, delineating individual ground-water flow systems, and developing mathematical models of representative flow systems. Harrill and others (1983) provide a more complete background of both the national RASA program and the Great Basin RASA.</p><p>The purpose of this atlas is to delineate and describe the major hydrogeologic units in the Great Basin region and to identify those units that (1) constitute regional aquifers or (2) act as barriers to the movement of ground water. The scope of this atlas, however, is limited to a brief geologic overview of the Great Basin: lithology and areal extent of units, major structural features, and influence of tectonic events. In addition, the water-bearing characteristics of each unit are briefly summarized.</p><p>This atlas is Chapter A of the three-part Hydrologic Atlas series. Chapter B shows ground-water levels in the Great Basin region, and Chapter C shows inferred directions of ground-water flow and individual flow systems.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ha694A","usgsCitation":"Plume, R.W., and Carlton, S.M., 1988, Hydrogeology of the Great Basin region of Nevada, Utah, and adjacent states: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas 694, 1 Sheet: 33.00 x 43.57 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ha694A.","productDescription":"1 Sheet: 33.00 x 43.57 inches","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":186302,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":335841,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ha694C","text":"HA-694-C","linkHelpText":"Major ground-water flow systems in the Great Basin region of Nevada, Utah, and adjacent states"},{"id":335842,"rank":2,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ha694B","text":"HA-694-B","linkHelpText":"Ground-water levels in the Great Basin region of Nevada, Utah, and adjacent states"},{"id":89349,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/694a/plate-1.pdf","text":"Hydrologic Atlas HA-694-A","size":"16.14 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"1000000","country":"United States","state":"Nevada, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Great Basin region","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120.32226562500001,\n              42.24478535602799\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.32226562500001,\n              38.77121637244273\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.86206054687499,\n              34.867904962568716\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.983154296875,\n              37.01132594307015\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.24755859375,\n              40.136890695345905\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.060791015625,\n              42.293564192170095\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.32226562500001,\n              42.24478535602799\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ee4b07f02db6150f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plume, Russell W. rwplume@usgs.gov","contributorId":2303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plume","given":"Russell","email":"rwplume@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":277625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carlton, Stephen M.","contributorId":56309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlton","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":277626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":29122,"text":"wri874273 - 1988 - Effects of agricultural irrigation on water resources in the St. Joseph River basin, Indiana, and implications for aquifer yield","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-21T13:56:09","indexId":"wri874273","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4273","title":"Effects of agricultural irrigation on water resources in the St. Joseph River basin, Indiana, and implications for aquifer yield","docAbstract":"<p>During the past decade, the acreage of irrigated agricultural land in Indiana has tripled, causing public concern about competition for water and resulting in several State laws for regulating water withdrawals. The St. Joseph River basin represents less than one-tenth of the area of the State, but it contains one-third of the State 's irrigated land. Irrigated land in the basin is composed of permeable soils that are underlain by productive glacial aquifers. A computer model was used to analyze the effects of maximum irrigation withdrawals on aquifer drawdown and streamflow in a 16.5 sq mi area of intensive irrigation. Simulation of maximum pumping resulted in predicted aquifer drawdowns of one-fourth of the total available drawdown. Flow in a nearby stream was decreased by 40%. Areas of most intensive irrigation in the basin also are areas that have productive aquifers and well-sustained streamflows. Aquifer yield is based on the concept of capture - the volume of increased recharge to the aquifer or decreased discharge from the aquifer that results from pumping. The high rates of capture for aquifers in the basin supply ample water for present (1982) irrigation and for substantial future development. (USGS)</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Indianapolis, IN","doi":"10.3133/wri874273","usgsCitation":"Peters, J.G., and Renn, D., 1988, Effects of agricultural irrigation on water resources in the St. Joseph River basin, Indiana, and implications for aquifer yield: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4273, vii, 35 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874273.","productDescription":"vii, 35 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","startPage":"1","endPage":"35","numberOfPages":"42","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122904,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4273/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57992,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4273/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","county":"Elkhart, Kosciusko, Lagrange, Noble, Saint Joseph, Steuben, Berrien, Branch, Calhoun, cass, Hillsdale, Kalamazoo, Saint Joseph, Van Buren","otherGeospatial":"Saint Joseph River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-85.7663,42.4196],[-85.5421,42.4195],[-85.5328,42.4194],[-85.4172,42.4199],[-85.3091,42.4185],[-85.2979,42.4188],[-85.0736,42.4211],[-85.0667,42.4215],[-84.9561,42.4221],[-84.8375,42.4215],[-84.83,42.421],[-84.7207,42.4209],[-84.7195,42.2464],[-84.7144,42.1586],[-84.7116,42.0709],[-84.5948,42.0715],[-84.3666,42.0734],[-84.3623,41.7082],[-84.3989,41.7074],[-84.4979,41.705],[-84.6319,41.7018],[-84.6756,41.7007],[-84.8067,41.6958],[-84.8064,41.5598],[-84.8063,41.5303],[-84.8554,41.53],[-84.969,41.5287],[-85.0819,41.5282],[-85.1947,41.5276],[-85.1939,41.4395],[-85.1943,41.3519],[-85.1935,41.2643],[-85.309,41.265],[-85.3096,41.265],[-85.4245,41.2655],[-85.5387,41.2664],[-85.5384,41.295],[-85.6527,41.2949],[-85.6518,41.2668],[-85.6522,41.1787],[-85.6876,41.179],[-85.6856,41.0896],[-85.6849,41.0465],[-85.9457,41.0424],[-86.017,41.0414],[-86.0179,41.0863],[-86.0758,41.0851],[-86.0777,41.1736],[-86.0539,41.1735],[-86.0574,41.3033],[-86.059,41.4336],[-86.059,41.4367],[-86.0594,41.4644],[-86.0593,41.474],[-86.0593,41.479],[-86.0789,41.479],[-86.0979,41.4791],[-86.1181,41.4792],[-86.1273,41.4792],[-86.1421,41.4792],[-86.1562,41.4793],[-86.234,41.479],[-86.3063,41.4787],[-86.3302,41.4778],[-86.3492,41.4778],[-86.378,41.4774],[-86.4356,41.4765],[-86.4559,41.4765],[-86.4645,41.4765],[-86.4669,41.4765],[-86.4669,41.4616],[-86.4669,41.4339],[-86.5245,41.4339],[-86.5245,41.5201],[-86.5012,41.5206],[-86.5,41.5287],[-86.4982,41.531],[-86.4982,41.5669],[-86.4865,41.5769],[-86.4871,41.649],[-86.5068,41.6499],[-86.5264,41.6499],[-86.5264,41.6572],[-86.5258,41.6731],[-86.5252,41.7085],[-86.524,41.7603],[-86.5284,41.7603],[-86.6391,41.7606],[-86.7387,41.7608],[-86.7677,41.7608],[-86.7814,41.7609],[-86.8262,41.7609],[-86.8182,41.7641],[-86.7758,41.7864],[-86.7482,41.8037],[-86.7285,41.8147],[-86.7064,41.8265],[-86.6886,41.8402],[-86.6418,41.8761],[-86.6122,41.9006],[-86.6092,41.9029],[-86.5956,41.9202],[-86.5833,41.9374],[-86.5698,41.9647],[-86.5667,41.9711],[-86.5636,41.9829],[-86.563,41.9842],[-86.5402,42.0274],[-86.5136,42.0701],[-86.5112,42.0737],[-86.5025,42.0864],[-86.4895,42.1046],[-86.4883,42.1137],[-86.474,42.1287],[-86.4555,42.1441],[-86.4418,42.1591],[-86.4381,42.1632],[-86.4158,42.1836],[-86.3904,42.2127],[-86.3637,42.2453],[-86.3625,42.2467],[-86.3544,42.2612],[-86.3401,42.2807],[-86.3388,42.2821],[-86.327,42.3034],[-86.3133,42.332],[-86.3039,42.3507],[-86.2877,42.3906],[-86.2814,42.4065],[-86.2745,42.4201],[-86.2248,42.4191],[-85.995,42.4193],[-85.8975,42.4185],[-85.7663,42.4196]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Elkhart\",\"state\":\"IN\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a49e4b07f02db623d41","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peters, J. G.","contributorId":56216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Renn, D.E.","contributorId":36941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Renn","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":28620,"text":"wri884158 - 1988 - Recharge to the Eagle Valley ground-water basin by streamflow in Vicee Canyon, west-central Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:47","indexId":"wri884158","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4158","title":"Recharge to the Eagle Valley ground-water basin by streamflow in Vicee Canyon, west-central Nevada","docAbstract":"Recharge to groundwater could be increased by adding imported water to natural surface water flow in Vicee Canyon, in Eagle Valley, Nevada, where municipal pumping has caused as much as 50 ft of water level decline since 1972. Measurements of infiltration rates, percolation rates, and hydraulic conductivity indicate that the area could be conducive to artificial recharge from infiltration of augmented streamflow. Runoff creates natural infiltration beds on the floor of Vicee Canyon, but baseflow causes channelization and armoring of the stream channel, reducing infiltration rates from about 4 inches to 1 inch/hour. A water balance of the streamflow in Vicee Canyon indicates that 60 to 70% becomes recharge, and the remainder is lost to evaporation from a nearby gravel pit and evapotranspiration on the canyon floor. Estimates of recharge from measurements in the unsaturated and saturated zones account for about 45% of the total streamflow. Application of a groundwater flow model indicates that at present pumping rates, water levels below Vicee Canyon and at a nearby municipal well may rise about 15-30 ft after 5 years as a result of about 1 cu ft/sec of augmented streamflow infiltration. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri884158","usgsCitation":"Maurer, D.K., and Fischer, J., 1988, Recharge to the Eagle Valley ground-water basin by streamflow in Vicee Canyon, west-central Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4158, vi, 65 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884158.","productDescription":"vi, 65 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159117,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4158/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57451,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4158/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db62a203","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maurer, D. K.","contributorId":37757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maurer","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fischer, J.M. 0000-0003-2996-9272","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2996-9272","contributorId":74419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":26414,"text":"wri884012 - 1988 - Computer-program documentation of an interactive-accounting model to simulate streamflow, water quality, and water-supply operations in a river basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:33","indexId":"wri884012","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4012","title":"Computer-program documentation of an interactive-accounting model to simulate streamflow, water quality, and water-supply operations in a river basin","docAbstract":"This report describes an interactive-accounting model used to simulate streamflow, chemical-constituent concentrations and loads, and water-supply operations in a river basin. The model uses regression equations to compute flow from incremental (internode) drainage areas. Conservative chemical constituents (typically dissolved solids) also are computed from regression equations. Both flow and water quality loads are accumulated downstream. Optionally, the model simulates the water use and the simplified groundwater systems of a basin. Water users include agricultural, municipal, industrial, and in-stream users , and reservoir operators. Water users list their potential water sources, including direct diversions, groundwater pumpage, interbasin imports, or reservoir releases, in the order in which they will be used. Direct diversions conform to basinwide water law priorities. The model is interactive, and although the input data exist in files, the user can modify them interactively. A major feature of the model is its color-graphic-output options. This report includes a description of the model, organizational charts of subroutines, and examples of the graphics. Detailed format instructions for the input data, example files of input data, definitions of program variables, and listing of the FORTRAN source code are Attachments to the report. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri884012","usgsCitation":"Burns, A., 1988, Computer-program documentation of an interactive-accounting model to simulate streamflow, water quality, and water-supply operations in a river basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4012, iv, 241 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884012.","productDescription":"iv, 241 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123236,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4012/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55209,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4012/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a6324","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burns, A.W.","contributorId":65498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"A.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":28164,"text":"wri874119 - 1988 - Methods to determine transit losses for return flows of transmountain water in Fountain Creek between Colorado Springs and the Arkansas River, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:49","indexId":"wri874119","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4119","title":"Methods to determine transit losses for return flows of transmountain water in Fountain Creek between Colorado Springs and the Arkansas River, Colorado","docAbstract":"Methods were developed by which transit losses could be determined for transmountain return flows in Fountain Creek between Colorado Springs, Colorado, and its confluence with the Arkansas River. The study reach is a complex hydrologic system wherein a substantially variable streamflow interacts with an alluvial aquifer. The study approach included: (1) calibration and verification of a streamflow-routing model that contained a bank-storage-discharge component; (2) use of the model to develop the methods by which transit losses could be calculated; and (3) design of an application method for calculating daily transit loss using the model results. Sources of transit losses that were studied are bank storage, channel storage, and evaporation. Magnitude of bank-storage loss primarily depends on duration of a recovery period during which water lost to bank storage is returned to the stream. Net loss to bank storage can vary from about 50% for a 0-day recovery period to about 2% for a 180-day recovery period. Virtually all water lost to bank storage could be returned to the stream with longer recovery periods. Channel-storage loss was determined to be about 10% of a release quantity. Because the loss on any given day is totally recovered in the form of gains from channel storage on the subsequent day, channel storage is a temporary transit loss. Evaporation loss generally is less than 5% of a given daily transmountain return-flow release, depending on month of year. Evaporation losses are permanently lost from the system. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri874119","usgsCitation":"Kuhn, G., 1988, Methods to determine transit losses for return flows of transmountain water in Fountain Creek between Colorado Springs and the Arkansas River, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4119, viii, 183 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874119.","productDescription":"viii, 183 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123336,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4119/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56998,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4119/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a55e4b07f02db62cf8a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuhn, Gerhard","contributorId":102080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuhn","given":"Gerhard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27447,"text":"wri884125 - 1988 - Simulation of quantity and quality of storm runoff for urban catchments in Fresno, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-02T21:21:02.881966","indexId":"wri884125","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4125","title":"Simulation of quantity and quality of storm runoff for urban catchments in Fresno, California","docAbstract":"<p>Rainfall-runoff models were developed for a multiple-dwelling residential catchment (2 applications), a single-dwelling residential catchment, and a commercial catchment in Fresno, California, using the U.S. Geological Survey Distributed Routing Rainfall-Runoff Model (DR3M-II). A runoff-quality model also was developed at the commercial catchment using the Survey 's Multiple-Event Urban Runoff Quality model (DR3M-qual). The purpose of this study was: (1) to demonstrate the capabilites of the two models for use in designing storm drains, estimating the frequency of storm runoff loads, and evaluating the effectiveness of street sweeping on an urban drainage catchment; and (2) to determine the simulation accuracies of these models. Simulation errors of the two models were summarized as the median absolute deviation in percent (mad) between measured and simulated values. Calibration and verification mad errors for runoff volumes and peak discharges ranged from 14 to 20%. The estimated annual storm-runoff loads, in pounds/acre of effective impervious area, that could occur once every hundred years at the commercial catchment was 95 for dissolved solids, 1.6 for the dissolved nitrite plus nitrate, 0.31 for total recoverable lead, and 120 for suspended sediment. Calibration and verification mad errors for the above constituents ranged from 11 to 54%.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri884125","usgsCitation":"Guay, J.R., and Smith, P.E., 1988, Simulation of quantity and quality of storm runoff for urban catchments in Fresno, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4125, vi, 76 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884125.","productDescription":"vi, 76 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":56305,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4125/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":404716,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47039.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":158019,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4125/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Fresno","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.93087768554686,\n              36.64307970866717\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.58343505859374,\n              36.64307970866717\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.58343505859374,\n              36.938916182818595\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.93087768554686,\n              36.938916182818595\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.93087768554686,\n              36.64307970866717\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b44c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guay, J. R.","contributorId":108127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guay","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, P. E.","contributorId":42951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":28321,"text":"wri874284 - 1988 - Hydrogeology and simulated effects of ground-water development on an unconfined aquifer in the Closed Basin Division, San Luis Valley, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:49","indexId":"wri874284","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4284","title":"Hydrogeology and simulated effects of ground-water development on an unconfined aquifer in the Closed Basin Division, San Luis Valley, Colorado","docAbstract":"Wells completed in an unconfined aquifer in the Closed Basin Division of the San Luis Valley Project, Colorado, are expected to provide about 101,800 acre-ft of groundwater/year to the Rio Grande when this project is completed. Lowering of groundwater levels in the unconfined aquifer is expected to decrease the quantity of groundwater that is lost by evapotranspiration. The aquifer system, which consists of an unconfined aquifer that is 50 to 130 ft thick, overlies a thick, leaky confined aquifer. Groundwater moves from the edge of the valley toward a topographic low near the center of the Closed Basin Division, where it is lost by evapotranspiration. A two-dimensional groundwater flow model was used to evaluate the effects of projected withdrawal of about 141 cu ft/sec by 168 wells throughout a 20-year period. The simulated pumpage resulted in a projected drawdown greater than 0.1 ft in the water-levels of the unconfined aquifer over an area of about 370 sq mi. Maximum simulated drawdown was 25 ft. Simulations indicate that about 66 % of the water to be withdrawn from the unconfined aquifer would be derived from decreases of evapotranspiration, 26% from induced leakage from an underlying confined aquifer, and 8% from storage of the unconfined aquifer. Model simulations were based only on withdrawals from wells completed in the unconfined aquifer. Pumpage from the confined aquifer was not simulated. Upward leakage from the confined aquifer predicted by the model, results from the simulated declines of the potentiometric surface in the unconfined aquifer. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri874284","usgsCitation":"Leonard, G., and Watts, K.R., 1988, Hydrogeology and simulated effects of ground-water development on an unconfined aquifer in the Closed Basin Division, San Luis Valley, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4284, vii, 42 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874284.","productDescription":"vii, 42 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124044,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4284/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57136,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4284/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af4e4b07f02db69200a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leonard, G.J.","contributorId":78371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leonard","given":"G.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Watts, Kenneth R.","contributorId":43783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watts","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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