{"pageNumber":"1444","pageRowStart":"36075","pageSize":"25","recordCount":41014,"records":[{"id":14618,"text":"ofr88482 - 1988 - Documentation of a computer program to simulate aquifer-system compaction using the modular finite-difference ground-water flow model","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":14618,"text":"ofr88482 - 1988 - Documentation of a computer program to simulate aquifer-system compaction using the modular finite-difference ground-water flow model","indexId":"ofr88482","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"title":"Documentation of a computer program to simulate aquifer-system compaction using the modular finite-difference ground-water flow model"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":4702,"text":"twri06A2 - 1991 - Documentation of a computer program to simulate aquifer-system compaction using the modular finite-difference ground-water flow model","indexId":"twri06A2","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"title":"Documentation of a computer program to simulate aquifer-system compaction using the modular finite-difference ground-water flow model"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":4702,"text":"twri06A2 - 1991 - Documentation of a computer program to simulate aquifer-system compaction using the modular finite-difference ground-water flow model","indexId":"twri06A2","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"title":"Documentation of a computer program to simulate aquifer-system compaction using the modular finite-difference ground-water flow model"},"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-08T18:40:53.559419","indexId":"ofr88482","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-482","title":"Documentation of a computer program to simulate aquifer-system compaction using the modular finite-difference ground-water flow model","docAbstract":"The process of permanent compaction is not routinely included in simulations of groundwater flow. To simulate storage changes from both elastic and inelastic compaction, a computer program was written for use with the U. S. Geological Survey modular finite-difference groundwater flow model. The new program is called the Interbed-Storage Package. In the Interbed-Storage Package, elastic compaction or expansion is assumed to be proportional to change in head. The constant of proportionality is the product of skeletal component of elastic specific storage and thickness of the sediments. Similarly, inelastic compaction is assumed to be proportional to decline in head. The constant of proportionality is the product of the skeletal component of inelastic specific storage and the thickness of the sediments. Storage changes are incorporated into the groundwater flow model by adding an additional term to the flow equation. Within a model time step, the package appropriately apportions storage changes between elastic and inelastic components on the basis of the relation of simulated head to the previous minimum head. Another package that allows for a time-varying specified-head boundary is also documented. This package was written to reduce the data requirements for test simulations of the Interbed-Storage Package. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr88482","usgsCitation":"Leake, S.A., and Prudic, D.E., 1988, Documentation of a computer program to simulate aquifer-system compaction using the modular finite-difference ground-water flow model: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-482, vi, 80 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr88482.","productDescription":"vi, 80 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":379243,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0482/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":148311,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0482/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a62e4b07f02db6362d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leake, S. A.","contributorId":52164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leake","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prudic, David E. deprudic@usgs.gov","contributorId":3430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prudic","given":"David","email":"deprudic@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":169746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":2569,"text":"wsp2342 - 1988 - Volatilization of benzene and eight alkyl-substituted benzene compounds from water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:29","indexId":"wsp2342","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2342","title":"Volatilization of benzene and eight alkyl-substituted benzene compounds from water","docAbstract":"Predicting the fate of organic compounds in streams and rivers often requires knowledge of the volatilization characteristics of the compounds. The reference-substance concept, involving laboratory-determined ratios of the liquid-film coefficients for volatilization of the organic compounds to the liquid-film coefficient for oxygen absorption, is used to predict liquid-film coefficients for streams and rivers. In the absence of experimental data, two procedures have been used for estimating these liquid-film coefficient ratios. These procedures, based on the molecular-diffusion coefficient and on the molecular weight, have been widely used but never extensively evaluated. \r\n\r\nLiquid-film coefficients for the volatilization of benzene and eight alkyl-substituted benzene compounds (toluene through n-octylbenzene) from water were measured in a constant-temperature, stirred water bath. Liquid-film coefficients for oxygen absorption were measured simultaneously. A range of water mixing conditions was used with a water temperature of 298.2 K. \r\n\r\nThe ratios of the liquid-film coefficients for volatilization to the liquid-film coefficient for oxygen absorption for all of the organic compounds were independent of mixing conditions in the water. Experimental ratios ranged from 0.606 for benzene to 0.357 for n-octylbenzene. \r\n\r\nThe molecular-diffusion-coefficient procedure accurately predicted the ratios for ethylbenzene through n-pentylbenzene with a power dependence of 0.566 on the molecular-diffusion coefficient, in agreement with published values. Predicted ratios for benzene and toluene were slightly larger than the experimental ratios. These differences were attributed to possible interactions between the molecules of these compounds and the water molecules and to benzene-benzene interactions that form dimers. Because these interactions also are likely to occur in natural waters, it was concluded that the experimental ratios are more correct than the predicted ratios for application purposes in the reference-substance concept. Predicted ratios for n-hexylbenzene, n-heptylbenzene, and n-octylbenzene were larger than the experimental ratios. These differences were attributed to a sorption-desorption process between these compounds and the surfaces of the constant-temperature water bath. Other experimental problems associated with preparing water solutions of these slightly soluble compounds also may have contributed to the differences. Because these processes are not part of the true volatilization process, it was concluded that the predicted ratios for these three compounds are probably more correct than the experimental ratios for application purposes in the reference-substance concept. Any model of the fate of these compounds in streams and rivers would have to include terms accounting for sorption processes, however.\r\n\r\nThe molecular-weight procedure accurately predicted the ratios for ethylbenzene through n-pentylbenzene, but only if the power dependence on the molecular weight was decreased from the commonly used -0.500 to -0.427. Deviations for the low- and high-molecular-weight compounds were similar to those observed for the molecular-diffusion-coefficient procedure.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2342","usgsCitation":"Rathbun, R.E., and Tai, D.Y., 1988, Volatilization of benzene and eight alkyl-substituted benzene compounds from water: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2342, vi, 24 p. : ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2342.","productDescription":"vi, 24 p. : ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138589,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2342/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28838,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2342/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e478fe4b07f02db48a0bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rathbun, R. E.","contributorId":61796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rathbun","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tai, D. Y.","contributorId":59778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tai","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":3463,"text":"cir969 - 1988 - The role of sediments in the chemistry of aquatic systems - Proceedings of the sediment chemistry workshop, February 8-12, 1982","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-08T16:23:52","indexId":"cir969","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"969","title":"The role of sediments in the chemistry of aquatic systems - Proceedings of the sediment chemistry workshop, February 8-12, 1982","docAbstract":"A workshop on sediment chemistry was held at the U.S. Geological Survey National Headquarters in Reston, Virginia, February 8-12, 1982, to discuss the state of the science and possible future directions for research and operational programs in the Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey. Technical papers presented broad overviews of current conceptual models for and research on the interactions between sediments, water, and biota with respect to the occurrence, distribution, movement, and fate of metals and organic substances in aquatic systems. Five separate disciplines within the overall theme were discussed: physical and chemical partitioning of inorganic constituents; analysis association, and effects of organic constituents; bioavailability of sediment-bound metals; concepts and methods regarding physical properties of sediments; and simulation of transport-related properties. The discussions of the participants regarding needs and possible future directions are summarized. The papers and discussions should help guide individual investigators and policy/program managers alike for the next several years.","conferenceTitle":"Sediment Chemistry Workshop","conferenceDate":"February 8-12, 1982","conferenceLocation":"Reston, VA","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir969","usgsCitation":"1988, The role of sediments in the chemistry of aquatic systems - Proceedings of the sediment chemistry workshop, February 8-12, 1982: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 969, iv, 75 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir969.","productDescription":"iv, 75 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":30474,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1988/0969/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124726,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1988/0969/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b1558","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Bradford, Wesley L.","contributorId":95451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradford","given":"Wesley","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":727924,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Horowitz, Arthur J. 0000-0002-3296-730X horowitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3296-730X","contributorId":1400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horowitz","given":"Arthur","email":"horowitz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":727925,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":13938,"text":"ofr8891 - 1988 - An efficient deterministic-probabilistic approach to modeling regional ground-water flow: Application to Owens Valley, California","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":13938,"text":"ofr8891 - 1988 - An efficient deterministic-probabilistic approach to modeling regional ground-water flow: Application to Owens Valley, California","indexId":"ofr8891","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"title":"An efficient deterministic-probabilistic approach to modeling regional ground-water flow: Application to Owens Valley, California"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70042911,"text":"70042911 - 1990 - An efficient deterministic-probabilistic approach to modeling regional groundwater flow: 2. Application to Owens Valley, California","indexId":"70042911","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"title":"An efficient deterministic-probabilistic approach to modeling regional groundwater flow: 2. Application to Owens Valley, California"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70042911,"text":"70042911 - 1990 - An efficient deterministic-probabilistic approach to modeling regional groundwater flow: 2. Application to Owens Valley, California","indexId":"70042911","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"title":"An efficient deterministic-probabilistic approach to modeling regional groundwater flow: 2. Application to Owens Valley, California"},"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-27T10:26:27","indexId":"ofr8891","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-91","title":"An efficient deterministic-probabilistic approach to modeling regional ground-water flow: Application to Owens Valley, California","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr8891","usgsCitation":"Guymon, G.L., and Yen, C., 1988, An efficient deterministic-probabilistic approach to modeling regional ground-water flow: Application to Owens Valley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-91, 40 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr8891.","productDescription":"40 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":369732,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0091/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":146711,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0091/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Owens Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.3280029296875,\n              36.54053616262899\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.48229980468749,\n              36.54053616262899\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.48229980468749,\n              38.039438891821746\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.3280029296875,\n              38.039438891821746\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.3280029296875,\n              36.54053616262899\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db684b2e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guymon, G. L.","contributorId":83941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guymon","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yen, Chung-Cheng","contributorId":21561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yen","given":"Chung-Cheng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":13896,"text":"ofr88258A - 1988 - DLG2ISM, a Fortran program to read DLG-3 optional format digital data files into the VAX/VMS version of the interactive surface modeling software package","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:44","indexId":"ofr88258A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-258","chapter":"A","title":"DLG2ISM, a Fortran program to read DLG-3 optional format digital data files into the VAX/VMS version of the interactive surface modeling software package","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr88258A","usgsCitation":"Green, G., 1988, DLG2ISM, a Fortran program to read DLG-3 optional format digital data files into the VAX/VMS version of the interactive surface modeling software package: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-258, 18 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr88258A.","productDescription":"18 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":145228,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0258a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":42535,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0258a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67eaa7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Green, G.N.","contributorId":22349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"G.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":25427,"text":"wri884046 - 1988 - Cumulative potential hydrologic impacts of surface coal mining in the eastern Powder River structural basin, northeastern Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:10","indexId":"wri884046","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4046","title":"Cumulative potential hydrologic impacts of surface coal mining in the eastern Powder River structural basin, northeastern Wyoming","docAbstract":"There are 16 existing and six proposed surface coal mines in the eastern Powder River structural basin of northeastern Wyoming. Coal mining companies predict water level declines of 5 ft or more in the Wasatch aquifer to extend form about 1,000 to about 2,000 ft beyond the mine pits. The predicted 5 ft water level decline in the Wyodak coal aquifer generally extends 4-8 mi beyond the lease areas. About 3,000 wells are in the area of potential cumulative water level declines resulting from all anticipated mining. Of these 3,000 wells, about 1,200 are outside the areas of anticipated mining: about 1,000 wells supply water for domestic or livestock uses, and about 200 wells supply water for municipal, industrial, irrigation, and miscellaneous uses. The 1,800 remaining wells are used by coal mining companies. Future surface coal mining probably will result in postmining groundwater of similar quality to that currently present in the study area. By use of geochemical modeling techniques, the results of a hypothetical reaction path exercise indicate the potential for marked improvements in postmining water quality because of chemical reactions as postmining groundwater with a large dissolved solids concentration (3,540 mg/L) moves into a coal aquifer with relatively small dissolved solids concentrations (910 mg/L). Results of the modeling exercise also indicate geochemical conditions that are most ideal for large decreases in dissolved solids concentrations in coal aquifers receiving recharge from a spoil aquifer. (Lantz-PTT)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri884046","usgsCitation":"Martin, L., Naftz, D.L., Lowham, H., and Rankl, J., 1988, Cumulative potential hydrologic impacts of surface coal mining in the eastern Powder River structural basin, northeastern Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4046, x, 201 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884046.","productDescription":"x, 201 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124217,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4046/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54145,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4046/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54146,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4046/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54147,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4046/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54148,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4046/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54149,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4046/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54150,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4046/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67ea77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martin, L.J.","contributorId":73637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Naftz, D. L.","contributorId":40624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naftz","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lowham, H. W.","contributorId":8111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowham","given":"H. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rankl, J.G.","contributorId":107733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rankl","given":"J.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":13669,"text":"ofr88475 - 1988 - Models, data available, and data requirements for estimating the effects of injecting saltwater into disposal wells in the greater Altamont-Bluebell oil and gas field, northern Uinta Basin, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-31T16:05:21","indexId":"ofr88475","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-475","title":"Models, data available, and data requirements for estimating the effects of injecting saltwater into disposal wells in the greater Altamont-Bluebell oil and gas field, northern Uinta Basin, Utah","docAbstract":"<p>Permits for disposing of salty oil-production water have been issued for 19 wells in the Greater Altamont-Bluebell field. During 1986 more than 500 million gallons of production water were injected into the Duchesne River, Uinta, and Green River Formations through 18 of these wells. The physical and chemical effects of injecting this water into aquifers containing potable water are poorly understood. Interfingering and the structural configuration of these formations add complexity to the description of the geometry and hydrogeology of the ground-water system.</p><p>A preliminary assessment of the problem indicates that numerical modeling may offer a method of determining the effects of injection. Modeling possibilities include variable-density, three-dimensional flow, sectionaltransport, and areal-transport models. Data needed to develop these models can be derived from a synthesis of geologic, hydrologic, and hydrochemical data already available in the files of State and Federal agencies, oil companies, and private companies. Results from each modeling phase would contribute information for implementing the following phase. The result will be a better understanding of how water moves naturally through the groundwater system, the extent of alterations of both vertical and horizontal flow near the disposal wells, and an overall concept of the effects of deep injection on near-surface aquifers. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","doi":"10.3133/ofr88475","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Utah Division of Oil, Gas, And Mining","usgsCitation":"Freethey, G.W., 1988, Models, data available, and data requirements for estimating the effects of injecting saltwater into disposal wells in the greater Altamont-Bluebell oil and gas field, northern Uinta Basin, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-475, iv, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr88475.","productDescription":"iv, 30 p.","numberOfPages":"34","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":42220,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0475/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":147794,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0475/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Altamont-Bluebell oil and gas field, Uinta Basin","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db6996ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Freethey, Geoffrey W.","contributorId":25570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freethey","given":"Geoffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":13410,"text":"ofr8892 - 1988 - Estimates of evapotranspiration in alkaline scrub and meadow communities of Owens Valley, California, using the Bowen-ratio, eddy-correlation, and Penman-combination methods","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":13410,"text":"ofr8892 - 1988 - Estimates of evapotranspiration in alkaline scrub and meadow communities of Owens Valley, California, using the Bowen-ratio, eddy-correlation, and Penman-combination methods","indexId":"ofr8892","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"title":"Estimates of evapotranspiration in alkaline scrub and meadow communities of Owens Valley, California, using the Bowen-ratio, eddy-correlation, and Penman-combination methods"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":31070,"text":"wsp2370E - 1990 - Estimates of evapotranspiration in alkaline scrub and meadow communities of Owens Valley, California, using the Bowen-ratio, eddy-correlation, and penman-combination methods","indexId":"wsp2370E","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"chapter":"E","title":"Estimates of evapotranspiration in alkaline scrub and meadow communities of Owens Valley, California, using the Bowen-ratio, eddy-correlation, and penman-combination methods"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":31070,"text":"wsp2370E - 1990 - Estimates of evapotranspiration in alkaline scrub and meadow communities of Owens Valley, California, using the Bowen-ratio, eddy-correlation, and penman-combination methods","indexId":"wsp2370E","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"title":"Estimates of evapotranspiration in alkaline scrub and meadow communities of Owens Valley, California, using the Bowen-ratio, eddy-correlation, and penman-combination methods"},"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-08T16:40:19.784807","indexId":"ofr8892","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-92","title":"Estimates of evapotranspiration in alkaline scrub and meadow communities of Owens Valley, California, using the Bowen-ratio, eddy-correlation, and Penman-combination methods","docAbstract":"<p>In Owens Valley, evapotranspiration (ET) is one of the largest components of outflow in the hydrologic budget and the least understood. ET estimates for December 1983 through October 1985 were made for seven representative locations selected on the basis of geohydrology and the characteristics of phreatophytic alkaline scrub and meadow communities. The Bowen-ratio, eddy-correlation, and Penman-combination methods were used to estimate ET. The results of the analyses appear satisfactory when compared to other estimates of ET. Results by the eddy-correlation method are for a direct and a residual latent-heat flux that is based on sensible-heat flux and energy budget measurements. Penman-combination potential ET estimates were determined to be unusable because they overestimated actual ET. Modification in the psychrometer constant of this method to account for differences between heat-diffusion resistance and vapor-diffusion resistance permitted actual ET to be estimated. The methods may be used for studies in similar semiarid and arid rangeland areas in the Western United States. Meteorological data for three field sites are included in the appendix. Simple linear regression analysis indicates that ET estimates are correlated to air temperature, vapor-density deficit, and net radiation. Estimates of annual ET range from 300 mm at a low-density scrub site to 1,100 mm at a high-density meadow site. The monthly percentage of annual ET was determined to be similar for all sites studied.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr8892","usgsCitation":"Duell, L.F., 1988, Estimates of evapotranspiration in alkaline scrub and meadow communities of Owens Valley, California, using the Bowen-ratio, eddy-correlation, and Penman-combination methods: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-92, ix, 78 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr8892.","productDescription":"ix, 78 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":379236,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0092/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":146060,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0092/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Owens Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.8,\n              35.7\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.4,\n              35.7\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.4,\n              37.7\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.8,\n              37.7\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.8,\n              35.7\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae82a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duell, L. F. W. Jr.","contributorId":21168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duell","given":"L.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"F. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":167762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":13332,"text":"ofr88336 - 1988 - Relation of salinity and selenium in shallow ground water to hydrologic and geochemical processes, western San Joaquin Valley, California","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":13332,"text":"ofr88336 - 1988 - Relation of salinity and selenium in shallow ground water to hydrologic and geochemical processes, western San Joaquin Valley, California","indexId":"ofr88336","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"title":"Relation of salinity and selenium in shallow ground water to hydrologic and geochemical processes, western San Joaquin Valley, California"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70043190,"text":"70043190 - 1989 - Relation of salinity and selenium in shallow groundwater to hydrologic and geochemical processes, Western San Joaquin Valley, California","indexId":"70043190","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"title":"Relation of salinity and selenium in shallow groundwater to hydrologic and geochemical processes, Western San Joaquin Valley, California"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70043190,"text":"70043190 - 1989 - Relation of salinity and selenium in shallow groundwater to hydrologic and geochemical processes, Western San Joaquin Valley, California","indexId":"70043190","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"title":"Relation of salinity and selenium in shallow groundwater to hydrologic and geochemical processes, Western San Joaquin Valley, California"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-31T14:07:20","indexId":"ofr88336","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-336","title":"Relation of salinity and selenium in shallow ground water to hydrologic and geochemical processes, western San Joaquin Valley, California","docAbstract":"<p>Salinity and selenium concentrations in shallow ground water of the western San Joaquin Valley, California, are related to the geomorphology and hydrology of the alluvial fans. The highest salinity and selenium concentrations in shallow ground water occur in alluvium deposited by ephemeral streams and at the margins of the major alluvial fans, where there were naturally saline, fine-grained soils. Low-to-moderate salinity and selenium concentrations in shallow ground water are associated with upper and middle areas of the major alluvial fans deposited by intermittent streams. Areas with the most naturally saline soils have been irrigated in the last 40 years. These are now the areas of highest salinity and selenium concentrations in the shallow ground water. Present-day (1986) ground-water salinity is significantly correlated with natural soil salinity in these areas. Isotopic data indicate that the highest salinity and selenium concentrations in ground water present at low altitudes resulted from evaporative concentration when the water table was shallow.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr88336","usgsCitation":"Deverel, S.J., and Gallanthine, S., 1988, Relation of salinity and selenium in shallow ground water to hydrologic and geochemical processes, western San Joaquin Valley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-336, iv, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr88336.","productDescription":"iv, 23 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":359041,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0336/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":147982,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0336/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Joaquin Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121,\n              36\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.75,\n              36\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.75,\n              37\n            ],\n            [\n              -121,\n              37\n            ],\n            [\n              -121,\n              36\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a81cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Deverel, S. J.","contributorId":65478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deverel","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":167631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gallanthine, S.K.","contributorId":90472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallanthine","given":"S.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":167632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":2567,"text":"wsp2318 - 1988 - Application of the two-film model to the volatilization of acetone and t-butyl alcohol from water as a function of temperature","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:29","indexId":"wsp2318","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2318","title":"Application of the two-film model to the volatilization of acetone and t-butyl alcohol from water as a function of temperature","docAbstract":"The two-film model is often used to describe the volatilization of organic substances from water. This model assumes uniformly mixed water and air phases separated by thin films of water and air in which mass transfer is by molecular diffusion. Mass-transfer coefficients for the films, commonly called film coefficients, are related through the Henry's law constant and the model equation to the overall mass-transfer coefficient for volatilization. The films are modeled as two resistances in series, resulting in additive resistances. \r\n\r\nThe two-film model and the concept of additivity of resistances were applied to experimental data for acetone and t-butyl alcohol. Overall mass-transfer coefficients for the volatilization of acetone and t-butyl alcohol from water were measured in the laboratory in a stirred constant-temperature bath. Measurements were completed for six water temperatures, each at three water mixing conditions. Wind-speed was constant at about 0.1 meter per second for all experiments. Oxygen absorption coefficients were measured simultaneously with the measurement of the acetone and t-butyl alcohol mass-transfer coefficients. Gas-film coefficients for acetone, t-butyl alcohol, and water were determined by measuring the volatilization fluxes of the pure substances over a range of temperatures. Henry's law constants were estimated from data from the literature. The combination of high resistance in the gas film for solutes with low values of the Henry's law constants has not been studied previously. \r\n\r\nCalculation of the liquid-film coefficients for acetone and t-butyl alcohol from measured overall mass-transfer and gas-film coefficients, estimated Henry's law constants, and the two-film model equation resulted in physically unrealistic, negative liquid-film coefficients for most of the experiments at the medium and high water mixing conditions. An analysis of the two-film model equation showed that when the percentage resistance in the gas film is large and the gas-film resistance approaches the overall resistance in value, the calculated liquid-film coefficient becomes extremely sensitive to errors in the Henry's law constant. The negative coefficients were attributed to this sensitivity and to errors in the estimated Henry's law constants. \r\n\r\nLiquid-film coefficients for the absorption of oxygen were correlated with the stirrer Reynolds number and the Schmidt number. Application of this correlation with the experimental conditions and a molecular-diffusion coefficient adjustment resulted in values of the liquid-film coefficients for both acetone and t-butyl alcohol within the range expected for all three mixing conditions. Comparison of Henry's law constants calculated from these film coefficients and the experimental data with the constants calculated from literature data showed that the differences were small relative to the errors reported in the literature as typical for the measurement or estimation of Henry's law constants for hydrophilic compounds such as ketones and alcohols. \r\n\r\nTemperature dependence of the mass-transfer coefficients was expressed in two forms. The first, based on thermodynamics, assumed the coefficients varied as the exponential of the reciprocal absolute temperature. The second empirical approach assumed the coefficients varied as the exponential of the absolute temperature. Both of these forms predicted the temperature dependence of the experimental mass-transfer coefficients with little error for most of the water temperature range likely to be found in streams and rivers. \r\n\r\nLiquid-film and gas-film coefficients for acetone and t-butyl alcohol were similar in value. However, depending on water mixing conditions, overall mass-transfer coefficients for acetone were from two to four times larger than the coefficients for t-butyl alcohol. This difference in behavior of the coefficients resulted because the Henry's law constant for acetone was about three times larger than that of ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2318","usgsCitation":"Rathbun, R.E., and Tai, D.Y., 1988, Application of the two-film model to the volatilization of acetone and t-butyl alcohol from water as a function of temperature: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2318, xii, 41 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2318.","productDescription":"xii, 41 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138586,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2318/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28836,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2318/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67a8fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rathbun, R. E.","contributorId":61796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rathbun","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tai, D. Y.","contributorId":59778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tai","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":25955,"text":"wri874271 - 1988 - Selected reports that include computer programs produced by the US Geological Survey for simulation of ground-water flow and quality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:25","indexId":"wri874271","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4271","title":"Selected reports that include computer programs produced by the US Geological Survey for simulation of ground-water flow and quality","docAbstract":"A summary list of reports that document numerical models that simulate ground-water flow and quality is presented. The list documents the reference by giving a description of each model program, its numerical features, a qualitative expression of the number of past applications and where to obtain a copy. All reports included in the list have been published or developed by the U.S. Geological Survey and most contain listings of the computer programs. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wri874271","usgsCitation":"Appel, C., and Reilly, T.E., 1988, Selected reports that include computer programs produced by the US Geological Survey for simulation of ground-water flow and quality: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4271, iii, 64 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874271.","productDescription":"iii, 64 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157545,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4271/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54705,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4271/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a01e4b07f02db5f802c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Appel, C.A.","contributorId":84786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Appel","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reilly, T. E.","contributorId":79460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reilly","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":12815,"text":"ofr87452 - 1988 - A strategy for collecting ground-water data and developing a ground-water model of the Missouri River alluvial aquifer, Woodbury and Monona Counties, Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-11T13:05:37","indexId":"ofr87452","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-452","title":"A strategy for collecting ground-water data and developing a ground-water model of the Missouri River alluvial aquifer, Woodbury and Monona Counties, Iowa","docAbstract":"<p>A ground-water-flow model and plan for obtaining supporting data are proposed for a part of the Missouri River alluvial aquifer in Woodbury and Monona Counties, Iowa. The proposed model and the use of the principle of superposition will aid in the interpretation of the relation between ground water and surface water in the study area, particularly the effect of lowered river stages on water levels in the alluvial aquifer. Information on the geometry, hydraulic characteristics, and water levels in the alluvial aquifer needs to be collected for use in the model and for model calibration. A plan to obtain hydrologic and geologic information by use of exploratory test-well drilling is proposed. Also proposed is a monitoring network to obtain information on the spatial and temporal variability of water levels within the study area.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Iowa City","doi":"10.3133/ofr87452","collaboration":"Prepared for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Omaha District","usgsCitation":"Buchmiller, R.C., 1988, A strategy for collecting ground-water data and developing a ground-water model of the Missouri River alluvial aquifer, Woodbury and Monona Counties, Iowa: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-452, v, 16 p.: ill., maps; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr87452.","productDescription":"v, 16 p.: ill., maps; 28 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":147433,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0452/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":41231,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0452/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","county":"Monona County, Woodbury 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Robert C.","contributorId":72372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchmiller","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2191,"text":"wsp2336A - 1988 - Simulation of flow in the Edwards Aquifer, San Antonio region, Texas, and refinement of storage and flow concepts","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":14775,"text":"ofr86532 - 1987 - Simulation of flow in the Edwards Aquifer, San Antonio region, Texas, and refinement of storage and flow concepts","indexId":"ofr86532","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"title":"Simulation of flow in the Edwards Aquifer, San Antonio region, Texas, and refinement of storage and flow concepts"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2191,"text":"wsp2336A - 1988 - Simulation of flow in the Edwards Aquifer, San Antonio region, Texas, and refinement of storage and flow concepts","indexId":"wsp2336A","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","title":"Simulation of flow in the Edwards Aquifer, San Antonio region, Texas, and refinement of storage and flow concepts"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-05T11:55:09","indexId":"wsp2336A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2336","chapter":"A","title":"Simulation of flow in the Edwards Aquifer, San Antonio region, Texas, and refinement of storage and flow concepts","docAbstract":"<p>The Edwards aquifer is a complexly faulted, carbonate aquifer lying within the Balcones fault zone of south-central Texas. The aquifer consists of thin- to massive-bedded limestone and dolomite, most of which is in the form of mudstones and wackestones. Well-developed secondary porosity has formed in association with former erosional surfaces within the carbonate rocks, within dolomitized-burrowed tidal and evaporitic deposits, and along inclined fractures to produce an aquifer with transmissivities greater than 100 ft2/s. The aquifer is recharged mainly by streamflow losses in the outcrop area of the Edwards aquifer and is discharged by major springs located at considerable distances, as much as 150 mi, from the areas of recharge and by wells. Ground-water flow within the Edwards aquifer of the San Antonio region was simulated to investigate concepts relating to the storage and flow characteristics. The concepts of major interest were the effects of barrier faults on flow direction, water levels, springflow, and storage within the aquifer. A general-purpose, finite-difference model, modified to provide the capability of representing barrier faults, was used to simulate ground-water flow and storage in the aquifer. The approach in model development was to conduct a series of simulations beginning with a simple representation of the aquifer framework and then proceeding to subsequent representations of increasing complexity. The simulations investigated the effects of complex geologic structures and of significant changes in transmissivity, anisotropy, and storage coefficient. Initial values of transmissivity, anisotropy, and storage coefficient were estimated based on concepts developed in previous studies. Results of the simulations confirmed the original estimates of transmissivity values (greater than 100 square feet/s) in the confined zone of the aquifer between San Antonio and Comal Springs. A storage coefficient of 0.05 in the unconfined zone of the aquifer produced the best simulation of water levels and springflow. A major interpretation resulting from the simulations is that two essentially independent areas of regional flow were identified in the west and central part of the study area. Flows from the two areas converge at Comal Springs. The directions of computed flux vectors reflected the presence of major barrier faults, which locally deflect patterns of ground-water movement. The most noticeable deflection is the convergence of flow through a geologic structural opening, the Knippa gap, in eastern Uvalde County. A second significant interpretation is that ground-water flow in northeastern Bexar, Comal, and Hays Counties is diverted by barrier faults toward San Marcos Springs, a regional discharge point. Simulations showed that several barrier faults in the northwestern part of the San Antonio area had a significant effect on storage, water levels, and springflow within the Edwards aquifer.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp2336A","usgsCitation":"Maclay, R.W., and Land, L.F., 1988, Simulation of flow in the Edwards Aquifer, San Antonio region, Texas, and refinement of storage and flow concepts: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2336, iv, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2336A.","productDescription":"iv, 48 p.","endPage":"54","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":27832,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2336a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138266,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2336a/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Edwards Aquifer","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f8e4b07f02db5f2e45","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maclay, Robert W.","contributorId":13210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maclay","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Land, Larry F.","contributorId":60612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Land","given":"Larry","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":12718,"text":"ofr88684 - 1988 - GEOSTAT; a computer system for spherical semi-variogram modeling and kriging","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:40","indexId":"ofr88684","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-684","title":"GEOSTAT; a computer system for spherical semi-variogram modeling and kriging","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr88684","usgsCitation":"Boger, L., 1988, GEOSTAT; a computer system for spherical semi-variogram modeling and kriging: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-684, ii, 47 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr88684.","productDescription":"ii, 47 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":145678,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0684/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":41131,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0684/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b167e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boger, L.W.","contributorId":58648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boger","given":"L.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":12682,"text":"ofr88403 - 1988 - The Creede, Colorado ore-forming system; a summary model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:39","indexId":"ofr88403","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-403","title":"The Creede, Colorado ore-forming system; a summary model","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr88403","usgsCitation":"Bethke, P.M., 1988, The Creede, Colorado ore-forming system; a summary model: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-403, 30 p. :ill. (some col.), maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr88403.","productDescription":"30 p. :ill. (some col.), maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":145697,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0403/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":41093,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0403/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67ec88","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bethke, P. M.","contributorId":32921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bethke","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":12373,"text":"ofr88100 - 1988 - Water-resources activities of the U.S. Geological Survey in Texas– Fiscal year 1987","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-03T21:01:27.335323","indexId":"ofr88100","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-100","title":"Water-resources activities of the U.S. Geological Survey in Texas– Fiscal year 1987","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) was established by an act of Congress on March 3, 1879, to provide a permanent Federal agency to conduct the systematic and scientific classification of the public lands and to examine the geological structure, mineral resources, and products of national domain. An integral part of that original mission includes publishing and disseminating the earth science information needed to understand, to plan the use of, and to manage the Nation's energy, land, mineral, and water resources.</p>\n<p>Since 1879, the research and fact-finding role of the USGS has grown and been modified to meet the changing needs of the Nation it serves. As part of that evolution, the USGS has become the Federal Government's largest earthscience research agency, the Nation's largest civilian mapmaking agency, the primary source of data on the Nation's surface- and ground-water resources, and the employer of the largest number of professional earth scientists. Today's programs serve a diversity of needs and users. Programs include:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Conducting detailed assessments of the energy and mineral potential of the Nation's land and offshore areas.</li>\n<li>Investigating and issuing warnings of earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides, and other geologic and hydrologic hazards.</li>\n<li>Conducting research on the geologic structure of the Nation.</li>\n<li>Studying the geologic features, structure, processes, and history of the other planets of our solar system.</li>\n<li>Conducting topographic surveys of the Nation and preparing topographic and thematic maps and related cartographic products.</li>\n<li>Developing and producing digital cartographic data bases and products.</li>\n<li>Collecting data on a routine basis to determine the quantity, quality, and use of surface and ground water.</li>\n<li>Conducting water-resources appraisals in order to describe the consequences of alternative plans for developing land and water resources.</li>\n<li>Conducting research in hydraulics and hydrology and coordinating all Federal water-data acquisition.</li>\n<li>Using remotely sensed data to develop new cartographic, geologic, and hydrologic research techniques for natural resources planning and management.</li>\n<li>Providing earth-science information through an extensive publications program and a network of public access points.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Along with its continuing commitment to meet the growing and changing earthscience information needs of the Nation, the USGS remains dedicated to its original mission to collect, analyze, interpret, publish, and disseminate information about the natural resources of the Nation providing \"earth science in the public service.\"</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr88100","usgsCitation":"1988, Water-resources activities of the U.S. Geological Survey in Texas– Fiscal year 1987: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-100, Report: v, 92 p.; 1 Plate: 18.80 x 17.91 inches, 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,{"id":12224,"text":"ofr88606 - 1988 - Precambrian ophiolites of Arabia; a summary of geologic settings, U-Pb geochronology, lead isotope characteristics, and implications for microplate accretion, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-16T16:15:57","indexId":"ofr88606","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-606","title":"Precambrian ophiolites of Arabia; a summary of geologic settings, U-Pb geochronology, lead isotope characteristics, and implications for microplate accretion, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","docAbstract":"<p>Disrupted ophiolites occur in linear belts as much as 900 km long between micro plates that collided during the late Proterozoic to form the Arabian Shield. The U-Pb zircon ages and lead-isotope data from these ophiolitic rocks help constrain the history of accretion of the Arabian Shield and thereby contribute to the definition of its microplates and terranes. Microplates of the central and western Arabian Shield are generally thought to represent intra-oceanic island arcs that range in age from about 900 Ma to 640 Ma; however, a region of the eastern Arabian Shield contains rocks of early Proterozoic age and may represent an exotic continental fragment entrained between the arc complexes.</p>\n<p>The Ophiolites of the Yanbu suture (northwestern Arabian Shield), dated by U-Pb (zircon) and Sm-Nd (mineral isochron) methods, yield model ages of 740-780 Ma. These are the among the oldest well-dated rocks in the northwestern Arabian Shield. Ages from the Jabal al Wask complex overlap with ages of adjacent arc rocks. This overlap in age supports geologic and geochemical evidence that the complex represents a fragment of back-arc oceanic lithosphere formed during arc magmatism. Older dates of about 780 Ma for gabbro from the Jabal Ess ophiolite suggest that these gabbros are either fore-arc oceanic crust or fragments of oceanic crust on which an arc was built.</p>\n<p>Gabbro samples from ophiolites of the Bir Umq-Port Sudan suture (westcentral Arabian Shield) yield zircons with ages of 820-870 Ma and&nbsp;&ge;1,250 Ma. The 820-870 Ma dates overlap with ages of the oldest nearby arc rocks; this favors an intra-arc or near-arc setting for the ophiolites. The older zircons suggest that middle or early Proterozoic crustal material, possibly derived from the Mozambique belt of Africa, was present during back- or intra-arc magmatism.</p>\n<p>Plagiogranite from the Bir Tuluhah ophiolitic complex at the northern end of the 900-km-long Nabitah mobile belt was dated by the zircon U-Pb method at approximately 830 Ma. This date is within the range of the oldest dated arc rocks along the northern and central parts of the Nabitah suture zone, but is approximately 100 million years older than the oldest arc plutons (tonalites) associated with the southern part of the belt. These age relations suggest that the northern part of the Nabitah belt contains an extension of the Bir Umq-Port Sudan suture that was rotated parallel to the Nabitah trend during collision of the arc terranes of the northwest Arabian Shield with the Afif plate to the east.</p>\n<p>Feldspar lead-isotope data are of three types: 1) lead from the ophiolitic rocks and arc tonalites of the northwestern Arabian Shield and ophiolitic rocks of the Nabitah suture zone is similar to lead in present midocean ridge basalt, 2) anomalous radiogenic data from the Thurwah ophiolite are from rocks that contain zircons from pre-late Proterozoic continental crust, and 3) feldspar from the Urd ophiolite shows retarded uranogenic lead growth and is related either to an anomalous oceanic mantle source, or in an unknown manner to ancient continental mantle or lower crust of the eastern Arabian Shield.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr88606","usgsCitation":"Pallister, J.S., Stacey, J.S., Fischer, L.B., and Premo, W.R., 1988, Precambrian ophiolites of Arabia; a summary of geologic settings, U-Pb geochronology, lead isotope characteristics, and implications for microplate accretion, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-606, Report: iii, 81 p., ill.; maps: 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr88606.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 81 p., ill.; maps: 28 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":146128,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0606/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":40379,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0606/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"Saudi Arabia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              35.3759765625,\n              28.57487404744697\n            ],\n            [\n              40.8251953125,\n              31.50362930577303\n            ],\n            [\n              51.8994140625,\n              21.82070785387503\n            ],\n            [\n              42.4951171875,\n              17.35063837604883\n            ],\n            [\n              35.3759765625,\n              28.57487404744697\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad1e4b07f02db680da7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pallister, John S. 0000-0002-2041-2147 jpallist@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2041-2147","contributorId":2024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pallister","given":"John","email":"jpallist@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":165539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stacey, J. S.","contributorId":72785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stacey","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fischer, L. B.","contributorId":107293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Premo, W. R. 0000-0001-9904-4801","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9904-4801","contributorId":22782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Premo","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":2317,"text":"wsp2311 - 1988 - Specific conductance; theoretical considerations and application to analytical quality control","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:19","indexId":"wsp2311","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2311","title":"Specific conductance; theoretical considerations and application to analytical quality control","docAbstract":"This report considers several theoretical aspects and practical applications of specific conductance to the study of natural waters. \r\n\r\nA review of accepted measurements of conductivity of secondary standard 0.01 N KCl solution suggests that a widely used algorithm for predicting the temperature variation in conductivity is in error. A new algorithm is derived and compared with accepted measurements. Instrumental temperature compensation circuits based on 0.01 N KCl or NaCl are likely to give erroneous results in unusual or special waters, such as seawater, acid mine waters, and acid rain. \r\n\r\nAn approach for predicting the specific conductance of a water sample from the analytically determined major ion composition is described and critically evaluated. The model predicts the specific conductance to within ?8 percent (one standard deviation) in waters with specific conductances of 0 to 600 microS/cm. Application of this approach to analytical quality control is discussed.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2311","usgsCitation":"Miller, R.L., Bradford, W.L., and Peters, N.E., 1988, Specific conductance; theoretical considerations and application to analytical quality control: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2311, vi, 16 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2311.","productDescription":"vi, 16 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137857,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2311/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28157,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2311/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e4e4b07f02db5e5f06","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Ronald L.","contributorId":103245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradford, Wesley L.","contributorId":95451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradford","given":"Wesley","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peters, Norman E. nepeters@usgs.gov","contributorId":1324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"Norman","email":"nepeters@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":145003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":12098,"text":"ofr88102 - 1988 - A guide for the use of digital elevation model data for making soil surveys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-28T11:56:51","indexId":"ofr88102","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-102","title":"A guide for the use of digital elevation model data for making soil surveys","docAbstract":"<p>The intent of this publication is twofold: (1) to serve as a user guide for soil scientists and others interested in learning about the value and use of digital elevation model (DEM) data in making soil surveys and (2) to provide documentation of the Soil Landscape Analysis Project (SLAP). </p><p>This publication provides a step-by-step guide on how digital slope-class maps are adjusted to topographic maps and orthophotoquads to obtain accurate slope-class maps, and how these derivative maps can be used as a base for soil survey premaps. In addition, guidance is given on the use of aspect-class maps and other resource data in making pre-maps. The value and use of tabular summaries are discussed. Examples of the use of DEM products by the authors and by selected field soil scientists are also given. Additional information on SLAP procedures may be obtained from USDA, Soil Conservation Service, Soil Survey Division, P.O. Box 2890, Washington, D.C. 20013, and from references (Horvath and others, 1987; Horvath and others, 1983; Klingebiel and others, 1987; and Young, 1987) listed in this publication. </p><p>The slope and aspect products and the procedures for using these products have evolved during 5 years of cooperative research with the USDA, Soil Conservation Service and Forest Service, and the USDI, Bureau of Land Management. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr88102","usgsCitation":"Klingebiel, A.A., Horvath, E.H., Reybold, W.U., Moore, D.G., Fosnight, E., and Loveland, T., 1988, A guide for the use of digital elevation model data for making soil surveys: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-102, v, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr88102.","productDescription":"v, 18 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":144760,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0102/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":40132,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0102/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae559","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klingebiel, A. A.","contributorId":74006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klingebiel","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Horvath, Emil H.","contributorId":76306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horvath","given":"Emil","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reybold, William U.","contributorId":93496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reybold","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"U.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moore, D. G.","contributorId":7285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fosnight, E. A. 0000-0002-8557-3697","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8557-3697","contributorId":97911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fosnight","given":"E. A.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":165062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Loveland, Thomas R. 0000-0003-3114-6646","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646","contributorId":106125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"Thomas R.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":165063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":2538,"text":"wsp2309 - 1988 - Quantitative assessment of the shallow ground-water flow system associated with Connetquot Brook, Long Island, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:30","indexId":"wsp2309","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2309","title":"Quantitative assessment of the shallow ground-water flow system associated with Connetquot Brook, Long Island, New York","docAbstract":"Streamflow on Long Island is derived principally from shallow ground water that flows above the deeper regional flow system. The movement of shallow ground water was studied during 1975-82 at Connetquot Brook, an undisturbed stream in Connetquot River State Park, in south-central Long Island, New York. The investigation encompassed (1) field studies of streamflow, ground-water levels, and age of water as indicated by tritium and dissolved-oxygen concentrations and (2) numerical simulation of the shallow flow system to evaluate the hydraulic factors that govern the direction of shallow ground-water flow near and beneath the stream. \r\n\r\nAnalysis of water-level data indicates that ground water flows essentially horizontally throughout the drainage basin except near and beneath the stream, where it moves vertically upward toward the stream discharge boundary. Water levels in wells driven directly into the streambed and into the streambank at three sites were 1 to 2 feet higher than stream stage in the first 5 feet of penetration. Increases in head, which were detected to depths of 30 feet beneath the streambed, indicate upward movement of water above that depth. Hydraulic conductivity of the streambed sediments was calculated from head gradients in the streambed and from measured stream seepage; values were between 11 and 15 feet per day. \r\n\r\nWater samples from selected wells were analyzed for dissolved-oxygen and tritium concentrations to determine the relative age of the water in an attempt to locate the bottom boundary of the shallow flow system. Dissolved oxygen showed no pattern, but tritium concentrations about 1,000 feet from the stream were lower than those near the stream. The tritium concentrations indicate that the lower flow boundary was between 45 and 100 feet below the water table. \r\n\r\nA two-dimensional cross-sectional flow model of the shallow flow system was developed. The near-stream model response compared well with field data when the streambed discharge boundary was simulated as a uniform leaky bed. A systematic sensitivity analysis was done to determine which factors have the greatest influence on hydraulic head in the system. Ten dimensional parameters that describe the important aspects of the flow system were combined into a series of dimensionless parameters to simplify analysis. Results indicate that (1) streambed factors (width and hydraulic conductivity) are most influential upon heads near the stream, (2) factors representing thickness of the shallow flow system influence heads distant from the stream but have a negligible effect near the stream, and (3) factors that represent the quantity of water entering the system (recharge) influence the heads throughout the area. \r\n\r\nField measurements of hydraulic head indicate that the thickness of the shallow flow system below the stream channel is about 30 feet. However, results of the sensitivity analysis indicate that the shallow system's thickness has a negligible effect on head distribution beneath the stream.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2309","usgsCitation":"Prince, K.R., Franke, O.L., and Reilly, T.E., 1988, Quantitative assessment of the shallow ground-water flow system associated with Connetquot Brook, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2309, iv, 28 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2309.","productDescription":"iv, 28 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138637,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2309/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28779,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2309/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a832b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prince, Keith R. krprince@usgs.gov","contributorId":1413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prince","given":"Keith","email":"krprince@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":145367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Franke, O. Lehn","contributorId":63357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franke","given":"O.","email":"","middleInitial":"Lehn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reilly, Thomas E. tereilly@usgs.gov","contributorId":1660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reilly","given":"Thomas","email":"tereilly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":145368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":68091,"text":"ha694A - 1988 - Hydrogeology of the Great Basin region of Nevada, Utah, and adjacent states","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-21T10:46:55","indexId":"ha694A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":318,"text":"Hydrologic Atlas","code":"HA","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"694","chapter":"A","title":"Hydrogeology of the Great Basin region of Nevada, Utah, and adjacent states","docAbstract":"<p>This atlas is a product of the Great Basin Regional Aquifer-System Analysis (RASA), a study that began in 1981. The study is part of a U.S. Geological Survey program for evaluating regional aquifer systems nationwide. A regional aquifer system is defined as “an areally extensive set of aquifers which are linked in some way, such as hydraulically or economically” (Harrill and others, 1983, p. 2). The purpose of the Great Basin RASA is to evaluate aquifer system in the Great Basin by developing a better understanding of recharge and discharge processes, delineating individual ground-water flow systems, and developing mathematical models of representative flow systems. Harrill and others (1983) provide a more complete background of both the national RASA program and the Great Basin RASA.</p><p>The purpose of this atlas is to delineate and describe the major hydrogeologic units in the Great Basin region and to identify those units that (1) constitute regional aquifers or (2) act as barriers to the movement of ground water. The scope of this atlas, however, is limited to a brief geologic overview of the Great Basin: lithology and areal extent of units, major structural features, and influence of tectonic events. In addition, the water-bearing characteristics of each unit are briefly summarized.</p><p>This atlas is Chapter A of the three-part Hydrologic Atlas series. Chapter B shows ground-water levels in the Great Basin region, and Chapter C shows inferred directions of ground-water flow and individual flow systems.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ha694A","usgsCitation":"Plume, R.W., and Carlton, S.M., 1988, Hydrogeology of the Great Basin region of Nevada, Utah, and adjacent states: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas 694, 1 Sheet: 33.00 x 43.57 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ha694A.","productDescription":"1 Sheet: 33.00 x 43.57 inches","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":186302,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":335841,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ha694C","text":"HA-694-C","linkHelpText":"Major ground-water flow systems in the Great Basin region of Nevada, Utah, and adjacent states"},{"id":335842,"rank":2,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ha694B","text":"HA-694-B","linkHelpText":"Ground-water levels in the Great Basin region of Nevada, Utah, and adjacent states"},{"id":89349,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/694a/plate-1.pdf","text":"Hydrologic Atlas HA-694-A","size":"16.14 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"1000000","country":"United States","state":"Nevada, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Great Basin region","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120.32226562500001,\n              42.24478535602799\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.32226562500001,\n              38.77121637244273\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.86206054687499,\n              34.867904962568716\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.983154296875,\n              37.01132594307015\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.24755859375,\n              40.136890695345905\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.060791015625,\n              42.293564192170095\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.32226562500001,\n              42.24478535602799\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ee4b07f02db6150f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plume, Russell W. rwplume@usgs.gov","contributorId":2303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plume","given":"Russell","email":"rwplume@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":277625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carlton, Stephen M.","contributorId":56309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlton","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":277626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":67025,"text":"i1900 - 1988 - Gravity, depth to consolidated rock, and soil temperature in the Elko area, northeastern Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-23T09:32:25","indexId":"i1900","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1900","title":"Gravity, depth to consolidated rock, and soil temperature in the Elko area, northeastern Nevada","docAbstract":"<p>The Elko area, in northeastern Navada, lies in a northeast-trending structural valley that is filled with Quaternary deposits and Tertiary sedimentary rocks to a maximum depth of about 4,500 feet. The deepest part of the valley is centered west of Elko. The valley-fill deposits in the remainder of the valley have an average depth of about 2,500 feet.&nbsp;</p>\n<p>The depth estimates were made from about 200 gravity measurements. Depths were calculated using a three-dimentional gravity inversion model and correlate fairly well with data from an oil test well drilled near Elko.&nbsp;</p>\n<p>Soil Temperature measurements, made at a depth of 6.6 feet (2 meeters) at 35 locations in the study area, indicate a major thermal anomaly (66 degrees Celsius) southwest of Elko, an area of known hot-spring activity.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/i1900","usgsCitation":"Schaefer, D.H., 1988, Gravity, depth to consolidated rock, and soil temperature in the Elko area, northeastern Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 1900, 31.69 x 36.67 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i1900.","productDescription":"31.69 x 36.67 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":188126,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/i1900.GIF"},{"id":107172,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_9990.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"9990"},{"id":327506,"rank":701,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1900/plate-1.pdf"}],"scale":"1","country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Elko Area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.06643676757812,\n              40.74205475883487\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.06643676757812,\n              40.95941904108161\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.7032012939453,\n              40.95941904108161\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.7032012939453,\n              40.74205475883487\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.06643676757812,\n              40.74205475883487\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abae4b07f02db671fbc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schaefer, Donald H.","contributorId":77507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaefer","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":275469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":80299,"text":"fwsobs82_10_151 - 1988 - Habitat Suitability Index Models: Diamondback terrapin (nesting) - Atlantic coast","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-28T16:47:33.413349","indexId":"fwsobs82_10_151","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"82/10.151","subseriesTitle":"Habitat Suitability Index","title":"Habitat Suitability Index Models: Diamondback terrapin (nesting) - Atlantic coast","docAbstract":"A review and synthesis of existing information were used to develop a Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) model for the diamondback terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin). The model consolidates habitat use information into a framework appropriate for field application, and is scaled to produce an index between 0.0 (unsuitable habitat) to 1.0 (optimum habitat). HSI models are designed to be used with Habitat Evaluation Procedures previously developed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Palmer, W.M., and Cordes, C.L., 1988, Habitat Suitability Index Models: Diamondback terrapin (nesting) - Atlantic coast: FWS/OBS 82/10.151, vi, 18 p.","productDescription":"vi, 18 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190557,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6adf54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Palmer, William M.","contributorId":24030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palmer","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cordes, Carroll L.","contributorId":97170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cordes","given":"Carroll","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":59125,"text":"mf1382K - 1988 - Maps showing distribution of anomalies based on the use of R-mode factor analysis for selected groupings of elements in samples of minus-60-mesh (0.25-MM) stream sediment and nonmagnetic heavy-mineral concentrate, Walker Lake 1 degree by 2 degrees Quadrangle, California and Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-22T10:04:40","indexId":"mf1382K","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1382","chapter":"K","title":"Maps showing distribution of anomalies based on the use of R-mode factor analysis for selected groupings of elements in samples of minus-60-mesh (0.25-MM) stream sediment and nonmagnetic heavy-mineral concentrate, Walker Lake 1 degree by 2 degrees Quadrangle, California and Nevada","docAbstract":"<p><span>This report is part of a folio of maps of the Walker Lake 1</span><sup><span><span>o</span></span></sup><span>&nbsp;x 2</span><sup><span><span>o</span></span></sup><span>&nbsp;quadrangle, California and Nevada, prepared under the Conterminous United States Mineral Assessment Program. The folio includes geological, geochemical, and geophysical maps, as well as mineral resources assessment maps, which identify selected known or possible mineral-deposit environments in the quadrangle. The geochemical maps show the distributions of selected individual elements (Chaffee and others, 1988 a, b, c) and the distributions of selected groups of elements (Chaffee, 1988a, b, c). Discussions accompanying the individual element maps are restricted to mineral residences of the individual elements as well as to what types of mineral deposits and environments may be represented by anomalies of a particular element. Discussions accompanying the multielemental maps describe the types of mineral deposits that may be related to each element group and indicate the most favorable localities for these deposits.&nbsp;</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/mf1382K","usgsCitation":"Chaffee, M., 1988, Maps showing distribution of anomalies based on the use of R-mode factor analysis for selected groupings of elements in samples of minus-60-mesh (0.25-MM) stream sediment and nonmagnetic heavy-mineral concentrate, Walker Lake 1 degree by 2 degrees Quadrangle, California and Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1382, 2 plates: 36.50 x 42.54 inches and 41.04 x 58.62 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1382K.","productDescription":"2 plates: 36.50 x 42.54 inches and 41.04 x 58.62 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":182813,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf1382K.PNG"},{"id":327184,"rank":1,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1382-K/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":327185,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1382-K/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120,38 ], [ -120,39 ], [ -118,39 ], [ -118,38 ], [ -120,38 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db604f3a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chaffee, M.A.","contributorId":108049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chaffee","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":261473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":65176,"text":"i1945 - 1988 - Geometry of the Benioff zone and mode of subduction beneath southwestern Alaska and the Aleutian Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:08","indexId":"i1945","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1945","subseriesTitle":"NONE","title":"Geometry of the Benioff zone and mode of subduction beneath southwestern Alaska and the Aleutian Islands","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/i1945","usgsCitation":"Espinosa, A.F., and Rukstales, K., 1988, Geometry of the Benioff zone and mode of subduction beneath southwestern Alaska and the Aleutian Islands: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 1945, 1 map :col. ;sheet 116 x 45 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/i1945.","productDescription":"1 map :col. ;sheet 116 x 45 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":107198,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_10019.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"10019"},{"id":189956,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"200000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -170,50 ], [ -170,70 ], [ -130,70 ], [ -130,50 ], [ -170,50 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c578","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Espinosa, A. F.","contributorId":63782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Espinosa","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":272784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rukstales, K.S.","contributorId":98799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rukstales","given":"K.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":272785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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