{"pageNumber":"1445","pageRowStart":"36100","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40845,"records":[{"id":33499,"text":"b1713B - 1988 - Mineral resources of the Turtle Mountains Wilderness Study Area, San Bernardino County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-29T19:50:32.260331","indexId":"b1713B","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1713","chapter":"B","title":"Mineral resources of the Turtle Mountains Wilderness Study Area, San Bernardino County, California","docAbstract":"<p>At the request of the U.S. Bureau of Land Management, approximately 105,200 acres of the Turtle Mountains Wilderness Study Area (CDCA-307) were evaluated for mineral resources (known) and resource potential (undiscovered). In this report, the area studied is referred to as \"the wilderness study area\" or simply \"the study area\"; any reference to the Turtle Mountain Wilderness Study Area refers only to that part of the wilderness study area for which a mineral survey was requested by the U.S. Bureau of Land Management.</p><p>The wilderness study area is in southeastern San Bernardino County, Calif. Gold, silver, copper, and lead have been mined within and adjacent to the study area. Copper-zinc-silver-gold mineral occurrences are found in the southern part and gold-silver mineral occurrences are found in the northern part of the study area; identified low- to moderate-grade gold-silver resources occur adjacent to the study area along the western boundary. Six areas in the south-central and northwestern parts of the study area have high resource potential, two broad areas have moderate resource potential, and part of the southwest corner has low resource potential for lode gold, silver, and associated copper, lead, zinc, molybdenum, and tungsten. Alluvium locally within one of these areas has moderate resource potential for placer gold and silver, and the entire area has low resource potential for placer gold and silver. There is low resource potential for perlite, ornamental stone (onyx marble and opal), manganese, uranium and thorium, pegmatite minerals, and oil and gas within the study area. Sand and gravel are abundant but are readily available outside the wilderness study area.</p>","largerWorkTitle":"Mineral resources of Wilderness Study Areas: Eastern California Desert Conservation Area, California","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/b1713B","usgsCitation":"Howard, K.A., Nielson, J.E., Simpson, R.W., Hazlett, R.W., Alminas, H.V., Nakata, J.K., and McDonnell, J.R., 1988, Mineral resources of the Turtle Mountains Wilderness Study Area, San Bernardino County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1713, Report: vi, 28 p.; Plate: 29.72 x 40.72 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/b1713B.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 28 p.; Plate: 29.72 x 40.72 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":407645,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9NBU9PY","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Digital database of geologic units, contacts, and faults for Mineral Resource Potential Map of the Turtle Mountains Wilderness Study Area, San Bernardino County, California"},{"id":340334,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1713b/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":340333,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1713b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":165937,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1713b/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Bernardino County","otherGeospatial":"Turtle Mountains Wilderness Study Area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -114.6,\n              34.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -115,\n              34.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -115,\n              34.1\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.6,\n              34.1\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.6,\n              34.5\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b06e4b07f02db69a00f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howard, Keith A. 0000-0002-6462-2947 khoward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6462-2947","contributorId":3439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"Keith","email":"khoward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":211397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nielson, Jane E.","contributorId":9701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielson","given":"Jane","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":211403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Simpson, Robert W. simpson@usgs.gov","contributorId":1053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simpson","given":"Robert","email":"simpson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":211399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hazlett, Richard W.","contributorId":89201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hazlett","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":211401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Alminas, Henry V.","contributorId":59783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alminas","given":"Henry","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":211400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nakata, John K.","contributorId":32518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nakata","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":211398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McDonnell, John R. Jr.","contributorId":32898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonnell","given":"John","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":211402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70014429,"text":"70014429 - 1988 - Ocean plateau-seamount origin of basaltic rocks, Angayucham terrane, central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-14T11:16:38.412331","indexId":"70014429","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2309,"text":"Journal of Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ocean plateau-seamount origin of basaltic rocks, Angayucham terrane, central Alaska","docAbstract":"The Angayucham terrane of north-central Alaska (immediately S of the Brooks Range) is a large (ca. 500 km E-W), allochthonous complex of Devonian to Lower Jurassic pillow basalt, diabase sills, gabbro plutons, and chert. The mafic rocks are transitional normal-to-enriched, mid-ocean-ridge (MORB) type tholeiites (TiO2 1.2-3.4%, Nb 7-23 ppm, Ta 0.24-1.08 ppm, Zr 69-214 ppm, and light REE's slightly depleted to moderately enriched). Geologic and geochemical constraints indicate that Angayucham terrane is the upper \"skin' (ca. 3-4 km thick) of a long-lived (ca. 170-200 ma) oceanic plateau whose basaltic-gabbroic rocks are like those of seamounts of the East Pacific Rise. -Authors","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","issn":"00221376","usgsCitation":"Barker, F., Jones, D.L., Budahn, J., and Coney, P., 1988, Ocean plateau-seamount origin of basaltic rocks, Angayucham terrane, central Alaska: Journal of Geology, v. 96, no. 3, p. 368-374.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"368","endPage":"374","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225380,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6c94e4b0c8380cd74ccf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barker, F.","contributorId":101368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barker","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, D. L.","contributorId":65045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Budahn, J. R. 0000-0001-9794-8882","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9794-8882","contributorId":83914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budahn","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Coney, P.J.","contributorId":67065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coney","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":85378,"text":"85378 - 1988 - Some considerations in modeling the mallard life cycle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:57","indexId":"85378","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Some considerations in modeling the mallard life cycle","docAbstract":"We outline a population model proposed to accommodate the full life cycle of the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos). Events during the breeding season are better understood than events at other times of the year, but recent findings suggest the importance of phenomena away from the breeding grounds. Several processes are discussed relative to mallard population dynamics. Compensatory mortality is a poorly understood concept, but one that can overwhelm many other components of a population model. Diseases and environmental contaminants can inflict indirect as well as direct mortality and can reduce reproduction. They interact with numerous other variables in complex and yet unknown ways. Recent evidence of a wintering-ground effect on subsequent recruitment provides one avenue for modeling phenomena occurring at different times of the year. Finally, the role of heterogeneity among individuals is widely acknowledged but not fully appreciated. We illustrate with an example the importance of heterogeneity to population processes, including compensatory mortality.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Waterfowl in winter","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of Minnesota Press","publisherLocation":"Minneapolis, MN","usgsCitation":"Johnson, D.H., Nichols, J., Conroy, M., and Cowardin, L., 1988, Some considerations in modeling the mallard life cycle, chap. <i>of</i> Waterfowl in winter, p. 9-20 [624 pp.].","productDescription":"p. 9-20 [624 pp.]","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128334,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a63c7","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Weller, M.W.","contributorId":54562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weller","given":"M.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504454,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":70327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conroy, M.J.","contributorId":84690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conroy","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cowardin, L.M.","contributorId":106435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cowardin","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70013668,"text":"70013668 - 1988 - Compositional evolution of the zoned calcalkaline magma chamber of Mount Mazama, Crater Lake, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-24T13:23:57","indexId":"70013668","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Compositional evolution of the zoned calcalkaline magma chamber of Mount Mazama, Crater Lake, Oregon","docAbstract":"<p class=\"Para\">The climactic eruption of Mount Mazama has long been recognized as a classic example of rapid eruption of a substantial fraction of a zoned magma body. Increased knowledge of eruptive history and new chemical analyses of ∼350 wholerock and glass samples of the climactic ejecta, preclimactic rhyodacite flows and their inclusions, postcaldera lavas, and lavas of nearby monogenetic vents are used here to infer processes of chemical evolution of this late Pleistocene — Holocene magmatic system. The 6845±50 BP climactic eruption vented ∼50 km<sup>3</sup>of magma to form: (1) rhyodacite fall deposit; (2) welded rhyodacite ignimbrite; and (3) lithic breccia and zoned ignimbrite, these during collapse of Crater Lake caldera. Climactic ejecta were dominantly homogeneous rhyodacite (70.4±0.3% SiO<sub>2</sub>), followed by subordinate andesite and cumulate scoriae (48–61% SiO<sub>2</sub>). The gap in wholerock composition reflects mainly a step in crystal content because glass compositions are virtually continuous. Two types of scoriae are distinguished by different LREE, Rb, Th, and Zr, but principally by a twofold contrast in Sr content: High-Sr (HSr) and low-Sr (LSr) scoriae. HSr scoriae were erupted first. Trace element abundances indicate that HSr and LSr scoriae had different calcalkaline andesite parents; basalt was parental to some mafic cumulate scoriae. Parental magma compositions reconstructed from scoria wholerock and glass data are similar to those of inclusions in preclimactic rhyodacites and of aphyric lavas of nearby monogenetic vents.</p><p class=\"Para\">Preclimactic rhyodacite flows and their magmatic inclusions give insight into evolution of the climactic chamber. Evolved rhyodacite flows containing LSr andesite inclusions were emplaced between ∼30000 and ∼25000 BP. At 7015±45 BP, the Llao Rock vent produced a zoned rhyodacite pumice fall, then rhyodacite lava with HSr andesite inclusions. The Cleetwood rhyodacite flow, emplaced immediately before the climactic eruption and compositionally identical to climactic rhyodacite (volatile-free), contains different HSr inclusions from Llao Rock. The change from LSr to HSr inclusions indicates replenishment of the chamber with andesite magma, perhaps several times, in the latest Pleistocene to early Holocene.</p><p class=\"Para\">Modeling calculations and wholerock-glass relations suggest than: (1) magmas were derived mainly by crystallization differentiation of andesite liquid; (2) evolved preclimactic rhyodacite probably was derived from LSr andesite; (3) rhyodacites contain a minor component of partial melt from wall rocks, and (4) climactic and compositionally similar rhyodacites probably formed by mixing of evolved rhyodacite with HSr derivative liquid(s) after replenishment of the chamber with HSr andesite magma. Density considerations permit a model for growth and evolution of the chamber in which andesite recharge magma ponded repeatedly between cumulates and rhyodacite magma. Convective cooling of this andesite resulted in rapid crystallization and upward escape of buoyant derivative liquid which mixed with overlying, convecting rhyodacite. The evolved rhyodacites were erupted early in the chamber's history and(or) near its margins. Postcaldera andesite lavas may be hybrids composed of LSr cumulates mixed with remnant climactic rhyodacite. Younger postcaldera rhyodacite probably formed by fractionation of similar andesite and assimilation of partial melts of wallrocks.</p><p class=\"Para\">Uniformity of climactic rhyodacite suggests homogeneous silicic ejecta from other volcanoes resulted from similar replenishment-driven convective mixing. Calcalkaline pluton compositions and their internal zonation can be interpreted in terms of the Mazama system frozen at various times in its history.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00402114","issn":"00107999","usgsCitation":"Bacon, C., and Druitt, T.H., 1988, Compositional evolution of the zoned calcalkaline magma chamber of Mount Mazama, Crater Lake, Oregon: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 98, no. 2, p. 224-256, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00402114.","productDescription":"33 p.","startPage":"224","endPage":"256","numberOfPages":"33","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":219994,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":204996,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00402114"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Mount Mazama, Crater Lake","volume":"98","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f937e4b0c8380cd4d4db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bacon, C. R. 0000-0002-2165-5618","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2165-5618","contributorId":21522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bacon","given":"C. R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":366595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Druitt, T. H.","contributorId":60662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Druitt","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":28201,"text":"wri884004 - 1988 - Simulation of three lahars in the Mount St Helens area, Washington using a one-dimensional, unsteady-state streamflow model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-21T18:57:07.538832","indexId":"wri884004","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4004","title":"Simulation of three lahars in the Mount St Helens area, Washington using a one-dimensional, unsteady-state streamflow model","docAbstract":"<p>A one-dimensional, unsteady-state, open-channel model was used to analytically reproduce three lahar events. Factors contributing to the success of the modeling were: (1) the lahars were confined to a channel, (2) channel roughness was defined by field information, and (3) the volume of the flow remained relatively unchanged for the duration of the peak. Manning 's 'n ' values used in computing conveyance in the model were subject to the changing rheology of the debris flow and were calculated from field cross-section information (velocities used in these calculations were derived from super-elevation or run-up formulas). For the events modeled in this exercise, Manning 's 'n ' calculations ranged from 0.020 to 0.099. In all lahar simulations, the rheology of the flow changed in a downstream direction during the course of the event. Chen's 'U ', the mudflow consistency index, changed approximately an order of magnitude for each event. The ' u ' values ranged from 5-2,260 kg/m for three events modeled. The empirical approach adopted in this paper is useful as a tool to help predict debris-flow behavior, but does not lead to understanding the physical processes of debris flows.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri884004","usgsCitation":"Laenen, A., and Hansen, R.P., 1988, Simulation of three lahars in the Mount St Helens area, Washington using a one-dimensional, unsteady-state streamflow model: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4004, iv, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884004.","productDescription":"iv, 20 p.","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":414481,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46936.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":159612,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4004/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57039,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4004/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount St. Helens area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123,\n              46.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -123,\n              46\n            ],\n            [\n              -122,\n              46\n            ],\n            [\n              -122,\n              46.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -123,\n              46.5\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db697729","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Laenen, Antonius","contributorId":107673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laenen","given":"Antonius","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hansen, R. P.","contributorId":106538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70013817,"text":"70013817 - 1988 - Generalized viscoplastic modeling of debris flow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-12T21:53:37.222328","indexId":"70013817","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2338,"text":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Generalized viscoplastic modeling of debris flow","docAbstract":"<p><span>Various concepts have been proposed or used in the development of Theological models for debris flow. The earliest model developed by Bagnold was based on the concept of the “dispersive” pressure generated by grain collisions. Bagnold's concept appears to be theoretically sound, but his empirical model has been found to be inconsistent with most theoretical models developed from non‐Newtonian fluid mechanics. Although the generality of Bagnold's model is still at issue, debris‐flow modelers in Japan have generally accepted Takahashi's formulas derived from Bagnold's model. Some efforts have recently been made by theoreticians in non‐Newtonian fluid mechanics to modify or improve Bagnold's concept or model. A viable rheological model should consist both of a rate‐independent part and a ratedependent part. A generalized viscoplastic fluid (GVF) model that has both parts as well as two major rheological properties (i.e., the normal stress effect and soil yield criterion) is shown to be sufficiently accurate, yet practical, for general use in debris‐flow modeling. In fact, Bagnold's model is found to be only a particular case of the GVF model. Analytical solutions for (steady) uniform debris flows in wide channels are obtained from the GVF model based on Bagnold's simplified assumption of constant grain concentration.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1988)114:3(237)","issn":"07339429","usgsCitation":"Chen, C., 1988, Generalized viscoplastic modeling of debris flow: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, v. 114, no. 3, p. 237-258, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1988)114:3(237).","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"237","endPage":"258","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219826,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"114","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a144ae4b0c8380cd549a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chen, Cheng-lung","contributorId":30752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"Cheng-lung","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70014778,"text":"70014778 - 1988 - Deformation in the Yakataga seismic gap, Southern Alaska, 1980-1986","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-30T16:34:24.607702","indexId":"70014778","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deformation in the Yakataga seismic gap, Southern Alaska, 1980-1986","docAbstract":"<p><span>A 60-by-40-km trilateration network in the Yakataga seismic gap was surveyed in 1980, 1982, 1984, and 1986 with precise electro-optical distance-measuring equipment to measure strain accumulation. The overall deformation is roughly approximated by a 0.24±0.03 µstrain/yr N32°W±2.4° uniaxial contraction that is uniform in time. However, the spatial distribution of deformation shows some concentration of convergence in the neighborhood of the Chugach-St. Elias fault and of right-lateral shear across the Contact fault. A simple dislocation model of the plate interaction in the Yakataga gap fits the observed deformation reasonably well but seems to require that the motion of the Pacific plate relative to the North American plate be directed more nearly N36°W than N15°W, the generally accepted direction of relative motion for this location. However, the direction of plate motion inferred from the dislocation model depends upon details of the interaction at the plate boundary that may not have been modeled accurately. A nearby but smaller trilateration network at Icy Bay was surveyed in 1982, 1984, and 1986. This network spans the southwest corner of the rupture zone of the 1979 St. Elias earthquake. The deformation at Icy Bay consists of left-lateral shear across a northeast trending zone. The relation of this deformation to strain accumulation in the Yakataga gap, postseismic relaxation associated with the 1979 earthquake, or rebound from the unloading associated with the rapid recession of the Guyot glacier is not understood.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB093iB05p04731","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Savage, J., and Lisowski, M., 1988, Deformation in the Yakataga seismic gap, Southern Alaska, 1980-1986: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 93, no. B5, p. 4731-4744, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB093iB05p04731.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"4731","endPage":"4744","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225597,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"B5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe46e4b0c8380cd4ec2e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Savage, J.C. 0000-0002-5114-7673","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5114-7673","contributorId":102876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lisowski, M.","contributorId":70381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lisowski","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014779,"text":"70014779 - 1988 - Resonance of a fluid-driven crack: Radiation properties and implications for the source of long-period events and harmonic tremor","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-30T16:52:20.906978","indexId":"70014779","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Resonance of a fluid-driven crack: Radiation properties and implications for the source of long-period events and harmonic tremor","docAbstract":"<p><span>A dynamic source model is presented, in which a three-dimensional crack containing a viscous compressible fluid is excited into resonance by an impulsive pressure transient applied over a small area ΔS of the crack surface. The crack excitation depends critically on two dimensionless parameters called the crack stiffness,&nbsp;</span><i>C</i><span>&nbsp;= (</span><i>b</i><span>/μ)(</span><i>L</i><span>/</span><i>d</i><span>), and viscous damping loss,&nbsp;</span><i>F</i><span>&nbsp;= (12η</span><i>L</i><span>)/(ρ</span><sub>ƒ</sub><i>d</i><sup>2</sup><span>α), where&nbsp;</span><i>b</i><span>&nbsp;is the bulk modulus, η is the viscosity, ρ</span><sub>ƒ</sub><span>&nbsp;is the density of the fluid, μ is the rigidity, α is the compressional velocity of the solid,&nbsp;</span><i>L</i><span>&nbsp;is the crack length, and&nbsp;</span><i>d</i><span>&nbsp;is the crack thickness. The first parameter characterizes the ability of the crack to vibrate and shapes the spectral signature of the source, and the second quantifies the effect of fluid viscosity on the duration of resonance. Resonance is sustained by a very slow wave trapped in the fluid-filled crack. This guided wave, called the crack wave, is similar to the tube wave propagating in a fluid-filled borehole; it is inversely dispersive, showing a phase velocity that decreases with increasing wavelength, and its wave speed is always lower than the acoustic velocity of the fluid, decreasing rapidly as the crack stiffness increases. The source spectrum shows many sharp peaks characterizing the individual modes of vibration of the crack; the variation of spectral shape, both in the number and width of peaks, is surprisingly complex, reflecting the interference between the lateral and longitudinal modes of resonance, as well as nodes for these modes. The far-field spectrum is marked by narrow-band dominant and subdominant peaks that reflect the interaction of the various source modes. The frequency of the dominant spectral peak radiated by the source is independent of the radiation direction. The frequency, bandwidth, and spacing of the resonant peaks are strongly dependent on the crack stiffness, larger values of the stiffness factor shifting these peaks to lower frequencies and decreasing their bandwidth. The excitation of a particular mode depends on the position of the trigger and on the extent of the crack surface affected by the pressure transient. Fluid viscosity decreases the amplitudes of the main spectral peaks, smears out the finer structure of the spectrum, and greatly reduces the duration of the radiated signal. The energy loss by radiation is stronger for high frequencies, producing a seismic signature that is marked by a high-frequency content near the onset of the signal and dominated by a longer-period component of much longer duration in the signal coda. Such signature is in harmony with those displayed by long-period events observed on active volcanoes and in hydrofracture experiments. The very low velocity which is possible in a crack with high stiffness (</span><i>C</i><span>&nbsp;≥ 100) also provides an attractive explanation for very long period tremor, such as type 2 tremor at Aso volcano, Japan, without the requirement of an unrealistically large magma container. The standing wave pattern set up on the crack surface by the sustained resonance in the fluid is observable in the near field of the crack, suggesting that the location and extent of the source may be estimated from the mapping of the pattern of nodes and antinodes seen in its vicinity. According to the model, the long-period event and harmonic tremor share the same source but differ in the boundary conditions for fluid flow and in the triggering mechanism setting up the resonance of the source, the former being viewed as the impulse response of the tremor generating system and the latter representing the excitation due to more complex forcing functions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB093iB05p04375","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Chouet, B., 1988, Resonance of a fluid-driven crack: Radiation properties and implications for the source of long-period events and harmonic tremor: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 93, no. B5, p. 4375-4400, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB093iB05p04375.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"4375","endPage":"4400","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225598,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"B5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa9dee4b0c8380cd86004","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chouet, B.","contributorId":68465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chouet","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70013735,"text":"70013735 - 1988 - Climatological observations and predicted sublimation rates at Lake Hoare, Antarctica.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-14T19:09:05","indexId":"70013735","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2216,"text":"Journal of Climate","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climatological observations and predicted sublimation rates at Lake Hoare, Antarctica.","docAbstract":"In December 1985, an automated meteorological station was established at Lake Hoare in the dry valley region of Antarctica. Here, we report on the first year-round observations available for any site in Taylor Valley. This dataset augments the year-round data obtained at Lake Vanda (Wright Valley) by winter-over crews during the late 1960s and early 1970s. The mean annual solar flux at Lake Hoare was 92 W m-2 during 1986, the mean air temperature -17.3 degrees C, and the mean 3-m wind speed 3.3 m s-1. The local climate is controlled by the wind regime during the 4-month sunless winter and by seasonal and diurnal variations in the incident solar flux during the remainder of the year. Temperature increases of 20 degrees-30 degrees C are frequently observed during the winter due to strong fo??hn winds descending from the Polar Plateau. A model incorporating nonsteady molecular diffusion into Kolmogorov-scale eddies in the interfacial layer and similarity-theory flux-profiles in the surface sublayer, is used to determine the rate of ice sublimation from the acquired meteorological data. Despite the frequent occurrence of strong winter fo??hns, the bulk of the annual ablation occurs during the summer due to elevated temperatures and persistent moderate winds. The annual ablation from Lake Hoare is estimated to have been 35.0 +/- 6.3 cm for 1986.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Climate","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"08948755","usgsCitation":"Clow, G., McKay, C., Simmons, G., and Wharton, R., 1988, Climatological observations and predicted sublimation rates at Lake Hoare, Antarctica.: Journal of Climate, v. 1, no. 7, p. 715-728.","startPage":"715","endPage":"728","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220275,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269358,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/pdf/10.1175/1520-0442(1988)001%3C0715%3ACOAPSR%3E2.0.CO%3B2"}],"volume":"1","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f66ce4b0c8380cd4c763","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clow, G.D.","contributorId":46112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clow","given":"G.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKay, C.P.","contributorId":41122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKay","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Simmons, G.M. Jr.","contributorId":6583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simmons","given":"G.M.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wharton, R.A. Jr.","contributorId":56795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wharton","given":"R.A.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70014160,"text":"70014160 - 1988 - Hydrodynamics of Denver basin: Explanation of subnormal fluid pressures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-17T15:50:27.948092","indexId":"70014160","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrodynamics of Denver basin: Explanation of subnormal fluid pressures","docAbstract":"<p>Anomalously low fluid potential (and hence subnormal fluid pressure) is found in Mesozoic and Paleozoic rocks of the Denver basin. The potentiometric surface for the Dakota and basal Cretaceous sandstones is 2,000-3,000 ft (600-900 m) beneath the land surface in parts of the Denver basin in Colorado and Nebraska. The potentiometric surface for pre-Pennsylvanian carbonate rocks is 1,500 ft (450 m) lower than the potentiometric surface for the Dakota Sandstone in southeastern Colorado and western Kansas. The low fluid potential seems especially anomalous considering the high elevation of the outcrops along the Laramie and Front Ranges and the Black Hills.</p><p>A quasi-three-dimensional numerical flow model is used to investigate the regional flow system in the Denver basin and adjacent Mid-Continent. The model simulates flow through the entire Phanerozoic sedimentary column and indicates that subnormal pressures are a consequence of hydraulic insulation of the strata within the basin from their recharge zones as compared to their discharge zones. The Dakota Sandstone and underlying hydrostratigraphic units are insulated from the overlying water table by low-permeability shales of Cretaceous age, and from their own high-elevation outcrops by a zone of low permeability coincident with the basin deep. Subnormal pressures in the area of Denver, Colorado, and southward are further enhanced by faulting along the Front Range that isolates the stra a within the basin from their outcrops. The results of this study show that (1) subnormal fluid pressures can be explained as a consequence of steady-state regional ground-water flow, (2) shale is an important factor in the regional flow system, and (3) depth is an important control on the distribution of hydraulic conductivity.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/703C999C-1707-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Belitz, K., and Bredehoeft, J.D., 1988, Hydrodynamics of Denver basin: Explanation of subnormal fluid pressures: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 72, no. 11, p. 1334-1359, https://doi.org/10.1306/703C999C-1707-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"1334","endPage":"1359","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226136,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Iowa, Kansas, Nebraska, South Dakota, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Denver basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -104.40130307963295,\n              37.43273547761615\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.90669024004416,\n              37.278349382185866\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.73123888547872,\n              43.12625436891602\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.46272051147162,\n              43.243836203561045\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.40130307963295,\n              37.43273547761615\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"72","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a333fe4b0c8380cd5ee62","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":367748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bredehoeft, John D.","contributorId":86747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bredehoeft","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014699,"text":"70014699 - 1988 - Gravity-induced stresses in stratified rock masses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:35","indexId":"70014699","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3306,"text":"Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gravity-induced stresses in stratified rock masses","docAbstract":"This paper presents closed-form solutions for the stress field induced by gravity in anisotropic and stratified rock masses. These rocks are assumed to be laterally restrained. The rock mass consists of finite mechanical units, each unit being modeled as a homogeneous, transversely isotropic or isotropic linearly elastic material. The following results are found. The nature of the gravity induced stress field in a stratified rock mass depends on the elastic properties of each rock unit and how these properties vary with depth. It is thermodynamically admissible for the induced horizontal stress component in a given stratified rock mass to exceed the vertical stress component in certain units and to be smaller in other units; this is not possible for the classical unstratified isotropic solution. Examples are presented to explore the nature of the gravity induced stress field in stratified rock masses. It is found that a decrease in rock mass anisotropy and a stiffening of rock masses with depth can generate stress distributions comparable to empirical hyperbolic distributions previously proposed in the literature. ?? 1988 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF01019673","issn":"07232632","usgsCitation":"Amadei, B., Swolfs, H., and Savage, W.Z., 1988, Gravity-induced stresses in stratified rock masses: Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, v. 21, no. 1, p. 1-20, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01019673.","startPage":"1","endPage":"20","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205626,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01019673"},{"id":225397,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2a43e4b0c8380cd5b017","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Amadei, B.","contributorId":86902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amadei","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swolfs, H.S.","contributorId":70759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swolfs","given":"H.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Savage, W. Z.","contributorId":106481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70013726,"text":"70013726 - 1988 - Regression estimates for topological‐hydrograph input","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-23T14:38:34.704288","indexId":"70013726","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2501,"text":"Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regression estimates for topological‐hydrograph input","docAbstract":"<p><span>Physiographic, hydrologic, and rainfall data from 18 small drainage basins in semiarid, central Wyoming were used to calibrate topological, unit‐hydrograph models for celerity, the average rate of travel of a flood wave through the basin. The data set consisted of basin characteristics and hydrologic data for the 18 basins and rainfall data for 68 storms. Calibrated values of celerity and peak discharges subsequently were regressed as a function of the basin characteristics and excess rainfall volume. Predicted values obtained in this way can be used as input for estimating hydrographs in ungaged basins. The regression models included ordinary least‐squares and seemingly unrelated regression. This latter regression model jointly estimated the celerity and peak discharge. The correlation between residuals of the celerity and peak‐discharge regressions was sufficiently large to de‐, crease the variances of estimated univariate‐model parameters.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(1988)114:4(446)","issn":"07339496","usgsCitation":"Karlinger, M.R., Guertin, D.P., and Troutman, B., 1988, Regression estimates for topological‐hydrograph input: Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, v. 114, no. 4, p. 446-456, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(1988)114:4(446).","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"446","endPage":"456","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220111,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"114","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9340e4b0c8380cd80ce2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Karlinger, Michael R.","contributorId":10777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karlinger","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guertin, D. Phillip","contributorId":46062,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guertin","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Phillip","affiliations":[{"id":12625,"text":"School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":366732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Troutman, Brent M.","contributorId":41040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Troutman","given":"Brent M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70014767,"text":"70014767 - 1988 - Failure of self-similarity for large (Mw > 81/4) earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-27T23:50:55.18925","indexId":"70014767","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Failure of self-similarity for large (Mw > 81/4) earthquakes","docAbstract":"<p>Compares teleseismic P-wave records for earthquakes in the magnitude range from 6.0-9.5 with synthetics for a self-similar, omega 2 source model and conclude that the energy radiated by very large earthquakes (Mw &gt; 81/4) is not self-similar to that radiated from smaller earthquakes (Mw &lt; 81/4). Furthermore, in the period band from 2 sec to several tens of seconds, it is concluded that large subduction earthquakes have an average spectral decay rate of omega -1.5. This spectral decay rate is consistent with a previously noted tendency of the omega 2 model to overestimate Ms for large earthquakes.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0780020478","usgsCitation":"Hartzell, S., and Heaton, T.H., 1988, Failure of self-similarity for large (Mw > 81/4) earthquakes: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 78, no. 2, p. 478-488, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0780020478.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"478","endPage":"488","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225466,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"78","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1988-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0edfe4b0c8380cd5367b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hartzell, S.H.","contributorId":27426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartzell","given":"S.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heaton, T. H.","contributorId":64671,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heaton","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014771,"text":"70014771 - 1988 - The seismic radiation from composite models of faulting","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-27T23:48:59.872901","indexId":"70014771","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The seismic radiation from composite models of faulting","docAbstract":"<p>The failure of an asperity, i.e., the dynamic rupture of a small fault area with finite stress drop surrounded by a broken or weak fault area which has no stress drop but which slips after the asperity fails, is proposed as a model for the rupture process of a subevent in a composite earthquake. The rupture area of the composite earthquake surrounding the subevent is modeled by the weak fault area surrounding the asperity in the subevent model. The resulting seismic moment of the subevent is proportional to the stress drop and the rupture area of the subevent, as well as the radius of the composite earthaquake. By setting the stress drops of the asperity models equal to the dynamic stress drops of the subevents, the composite earthquake can be modeled as the sum of a set of subevents which cover the rupture area of the composite earthquake. The scaling of the high- and low-frequency radiation from composite earthquakes composed of asperities is commensurate with generally observed spectral scaling laws, in contrast to composite earthquakes composed of cracks, or smaller earthquakes. A simple filtering strategy is proposed for filtering the waveforms radiated by cracks to approximate the waveforms radiated by asperities. The P and S waves radiated by an ML = 5.2 earthquake which occurred on 9 May 1983, at Coalinga, California, are simulated using the P and S waves radiated by an ML = 3.6 aftershock. The aftershock waveforms are first filtered to approximate the radiation from asperities with the appropriate rupture areas, and then the waveforms of 12 asperity subevents are summed together to simulate the waveforms and spectra of the composite earthquake.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0780020489","usgsCitation":"Boatwright, J., 1988, The seismic radiation from composite models of faulting: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 78, no. 2, p. 489-508, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0780020489.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"489","endPage":"508","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":422211,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/ssa/bssa/article/78/2/489/119046/The-seismic-radiation-from-composite-models-of"},{"id":225529,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"78","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb008e4b08c986b324ba8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boatwright, J.","contributorId":87297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boatwright","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70013796,"text":"70013796 - 1988 - Statistical methods for investigating quiescence and other temporal seismicity patterns","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:30","indexId":"70013796","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3209,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Statistical methods for investigating quiescence and other temporal seismicity patterns","docAbstract":"We propose a statistical model and a technique for objective recognition of one of the most commonly cited seismicity patterns:microearthquake quiescence. We use a Poisson process model for seismicity and define a process with quiescence as one with a particular type of piece-wise constant intensity function. From this model, we derive a statistic for testing stationarity against a 'quiescence' alternative. The large-sample null distribution of this statistic is approximated from simulated distributions of appropriate functionals applied to Brownian bridge processes. We point out the restrictiveness of the particular model we propose and of the quiescence idea in general. The fact that there are many point processes which have neither constant nor quiescent rate functions underscores the need to test for and describe nonuniformity thoroughly. We advocate the use of the quiescence test in conjunction with various other tests for nonuniformity and with graphical methods such as density estimation. ideally these methods may promote accurate description of temporal seismicity distributions and useful characterizations of interesting patterns. ?? 1988 Birkha??user Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Birkha??user-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00879003","issn":"00334553","usgsCitation":"Matthews, M., and Reasenberg, P., 1988, Statistical methods for investigating quiescence and other temporal seismicity patterns: Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH, v. 126, no. 2-4, p. 357-372, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00879003.","startPage":"357","endPage":"372","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205035,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00879003"},{"id":220450,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"126","issue":"2-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9731e4b08c986b31b934","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Matthews, M.V.","contributorId":70920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matthews","given":"M.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reasenberg, P.A.","contributorId":19959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reasenberg","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014285,"text":"70014285 - 1988 - Assessing the Birkenes Model of stream acidification using a multisignal calibration methodology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T11:04:20","indexId":"70014285","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing the Birkenes Model of stream acidification using a multisignal calibration methodology","docAbstract":"<p><span>A revision of the Birkenes model of streamwater acidification has been attempted to incorporate additional chemical and hydrologic information gained in the last 6 years since its original construction. The first stage of this effort has been an analysis of the hydrologic submodel with the goal of extending it to predict concentrations of a conservative tracer in streamwater. An objective calibration of the model indicated that the model is overparameterized. Only one passive store is identifiabile, not two as currently contained in the model and the routing between the two reservoirs is not determined by the data. Inclusion of the conservative tracer improved the identifiability of the dimensional parameters, but had little effect on the rate or routing parameters. If the hydrologic structure is to be determined from the hydrograph and conservative tracer alone, it must be simplified to eliminate unidentifiable parameters. The validity of using more complex rainfall-runoff models in hydrochemical models which seek to test chemical mechanisms is called into question by this analysis.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR024i008p01308","usgsCitation":"Hooper, R.P., Stone, A., Christophersen, N., Grosbois, D., and Seip, H.M., 1988, Assessing the Birkenes Model of stream acidification using a multisignal calibration methodology: Water Resources Research, v. 24, no. 8, p. 1308-1316, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR024i008p01308.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1308","endPage":"1316","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225946,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ede4e4b0c8380cd49aa5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hooper, Richard P.","contributorId":19144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooper","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stone, Alex","contributorId":198669,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stone","given":"Alex","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Christophersen, Nils","contributorId":198668,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christophersen","given":"Nils","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grosbois, de","contributorId":77668,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grosbois","given":"de","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Seip, Hans M.","contributorId":69720,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seip","given":"Hans","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70014303,"text":"70014303 - 1988 - Near-infrared reflectance spectra of mixtures of kaolin-group minerals: Use in clay mineral studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-27T11:08:53","indexId":"70014303","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1245,"text":"Clays and Clay Minerals","onlineIssn":"1552-8367","printIssn":"0009-8604","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Near-infrared reflectance spectra of mixtures of kaolin-group minerals: Use in clay mineral studies","docAbstract":"<p>Near-infrared (NIR) reflectance spectra for mixtures of ordered kaolinite and ordered dickite have been found to simulate the spectral response of disordered kaolinite. The amount of octahedral vacancy disorder in nine disordered kaolinite samples was estimated by comparing the sample spectra to the spectra of reference mixtures. The resulting estimates are consistent with previously published estimates of vacancy disorder for similar kaolin minerals that were modeled from calculated X-ray diffraction patterns. The ordered kaolinite and dickite samples used in the reference mixtures were carefully selected to avoid undesirable particle size effects that could bias the spectral results.</p><p>NIR spectra were also recorded for laboratory mixtures of ordered kaolinite and halloysite to assess whether the spectra could be potentially useful for determining mineral proportions in natural physical mixtures of these two clays. Although the kaolinite-halloysite proportions could only be roughly estimated from the mixture spectra, the halloysite component was evident even when halloysite was present in only minor amounts. A similar approach using NIR spectra for laboratory mixtures may have applications in other studies of natural clay mixtures.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Clay Mineral Society","doi":"10.1346/CCMN.1988.0360404","usgsCitation":"Crowley, J.K., and Vergo, N., 1988, Near-infrared reflectance spectra of mixtures of kaolin-group minerals: Use in clay mineral studies: Clays and Clay Minerals, v. 36, no. 4, p. 310-316, https://doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.1988.0360404.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"310","endPage":"316","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226212,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a63fbe4b0c8380cd727dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crowley, James K.","contributorId":10928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crowley","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vergo, Norma","contributorId":18394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vergo","given":"Norma","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014308,"text":"70014308 - 1988 - Simulation technique for modeling flow on floodplains and in coastal wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:32","indexId":"70014308","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Simulation technique for modeling flow on floodplains and in coastal wetlands","docAbstract":"The system design is premised on a proven, areal two-dimensional, finite-difference flow/transport model which is supported by an operational set of computer programs for input data management and model output interpretation. The purposes of the project are (1) to demonstrate the utility of the model for providing useful highway design information, (2) to develop guidelines and procedures for using the simulation system for evaluation, analysis, and optimal design of highway crossings of floodplain and coastal wetland areas, and (3) to identify improvements which can be effected in the simulation system to better serve the needs of highway design engineers. Two case study model implementations, being conducted to demonstrate the simulation system and modeling procedure, are presented and discussed briefly.","conferenceTitle":"Hydraulic Engineering: Proceedings of the 1988 National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceDate":"8 August 1988 through 12 August 1988","conferenceLocation":"Colorado Springs, CO, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872626709; 0872626709","usgsCitation":"Schaffranek, R.W., and Baltzer, R.A., 1988, Simulation technique for modeling flow on floodplains and in coastal wetlands, Hydraulic Engineering: Proceedings of the 1988 National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering, Colorado Springs, CO, USA, 8 August 1988 through 12 August 1988, p. 732-739.","startPage":"732","endPage":"739","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225242,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b90c1e4b08c986b319658","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schaffranek, Raymond W.","contributorId":86314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaffranek","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baltzer, Robert A.","contributorId":34269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baltzer","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014312,"text":"70014312 - 1988 - Determining transit losses for water deliveries by use of stream-aquifer models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:32","indexId":"70014312","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Determining transit losses for water deliveries by use of stream-aquifer models","docAbstract":"Hydrologic modeling of stream-aquifer interaction commonly has been used to quantify transit losses associated with water deliveries, such as those from reservoir storage. This technique requires estimation of model parameters that include stage-discharge relations, channel-storage coefficient, aquifer transmissivity, and aquifer-storage coefficient. Because data to reliably estimate or calibrate these parameters often may be lacking, it is beneficial to know how parameter errors will affect the determination of transit losses. In addition, transit loss varies considerably depending on the duration of the recovery period (time allowed for water to leave channel and bank storage) used in the calculation of hydrograph volume. Sensitivity analysis indicates that recovery period typically is more important to the determination of total transit loss than are errors in the estimated values of channel and aquifer characteristics.","conferenceTitle":"Planning Now for Irrigation and Drainage in the 21st Century","conferenceDate":"18 July 1988 through 21 July 1988","conferenceLocation":"Lincoln, NE, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872626660","usgsCitation":"Livingston, R.K., 1988, Determining transit losses for water deliveries by use of stream-aquifer models, Planning Now for Irrigation and Drainage in the 21st Century, Lincoln, NE, USA, 18 July 1988 through 21 July 1988, p. 165-175.","startPage":"165","endPage":"175","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225306,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fffae4b0c8380cd4f4eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Livingston, Russell K.","contributorId":69582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Livingston","given":"Russell","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70014328,"text":"70014328 - 1988 - The chemical evolution of a travertine-depositing stream: Geochemical processes and mass transfer reactions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T11:05:36","indexId":"70014328","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The chemical evolution of a travertine-depositing stream: Geochemical processes and mass transfer reactions","docAbstract":"<p><span>This field study focuses on quantitatively defining the chemical changes occurring in Falling Spring Creek, a travertine-depositing stream located in Alleghany County, Virginia. The processes of CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>outgassing and calcite precipitation or dissolution control the chemical evolution of the stream. The observed chemical composition of the water was used with the computerized geochemical model WATEQF to calculate aqueous speciation, saturation indices, and CO</span><sub>2</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>partial pressure values. Mass balance calculations were performed to obtain mass transfers of CO</span><sub>2</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>and calcite. Reaction times, estimated from stream discharge, were used with the mass transfer results to calculate rates of CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>, outgassing and calcite precipitation between consecutive sampling points. The stream, which is fed by a carbonate spring, is supersaturated with respect to CO</span><sub>2</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>along the entire 5.2-km flow path. Outgassing of CO</span><sub>2</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>drives the solution to high degrees of supersaturation with respect to calcite. Metabolic uptake of CO</span><sub>2</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>by photosynthetic plants is insignificant, because the high supply rate of dissolved carbon dioxide and the extreme agitation of the stream at waterfalls and rapids causes a much greater amount of inorganic CO</span><sub>2</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>outgassing to occur. Calcite precipitation is kinetically inhibited until near the crest of a 20-m vertical waterfall. Calcite precipitation rates then reach a maximum at the waterfall where greater water turbulence allows the most rapid escape of CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>. Physical evidence for calcite precipitation exists in the travertine deposits which are first observed immediately above the waterfall and extend for at least 1.0 km below the falls. Net calcite precipitation occurs at all times of the year but is greatest during low-flow conditions in the summer and early fall.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR024i009p01541","usgsCitation":"Lorah, M.M., and Herman, J.S., 1988, The chemical evolution of a travertine-depositing stream: Geochemical processes and mass transfer reactions: Water Resources Research, v. 24, no. 9, p. 1541-1552, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR024i009p01541.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1541","endPage":"1552","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225567,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baa2be4b08c986b322740","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lorah, Michelle M. 0000-0002-9236-587X mmlorah@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9236-587X","contributorId":1437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorah","given":"Michelle","email":"mmlorah@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":368129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herman, Janet S.","contributorId":62138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herman","given":"Janet","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70013813,"text":"70013813 - 1988 - Fluid inclusions in vadose cement with consistent vapor to liquid ratios, Pleistocene Miami Limestone, southeastern Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-03T16:11:14.614081","indexId":"70013813","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fluid inclusions in vadose cement with consistent vapor to liquid ratios, Pleistocene Miami Limestone, southeastern Florida","docAbstract":"<p>Vadose cements in the Late Pleistocene Miami Limestone contain regions with two-phase aqueous fluid inclusions that have consistent vapor to liquid (V-L) ratios. When heated, these seemingly primary inclusions homogenize to a liquid phase in a range between 75°C and 130°C (mean = 100°<i>C</i>) and have final melting temperatures between −0.3° and 0.0°C. The original distribution of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>T</i><sub><i>h</i></sub><span>&nbsp;</span>was broadened during measurements because of fluid inclusion reequilibration. The narrow range of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>T</i><sub><i>h</i></sub><span>&nbsp;</span>in these fluid inclusions suggest unusually consistent V-L ratios. They occur with small, obscure, single phase liquid-filled inclusions, which infer a low temperature origin (less than 60°C), and contradict the higher temperature origin implied by the two phase inclusions.</p><p>The diagenetic environment producing these seemingly primary fluid inclusions can be inferred from the origin of the host calcite enclosing them. The δ<sup>18</sup>O composition of these cements (−4 to−5.5%., PDB) and the fresh water in the fluid inclusions are consistent with precipitation from low-temperature meteoric water. The carbon-isotope composition of the vadose cements that contain only rare two-phase fluid inclusions are comparable to the host rock matrix (δ<sup>13</sup>C between 0 and +4%., PDB). Cements that contain common two-phase fluid-inclusions have a distinctly lighter carbon isotopic composition of −3 to −5%.. The carbon isotope composition of cements that contain common two-phase inclusions are about 6%. lighter than those of other vadose cements; models of early meteoric diagenesis indicate that this is the result of precipitation from water that has been influenced by soil gas CO<sub>2</sub>.</p><p>Our hypothesis is that the primary fluid inclusions, those with consistent V-L ratios and the single-phase liquid inclusions, form at near-surface temperature (25°C) and pressure when consistent proportions of soil gas and meteoric water percolating through the vadose zone are trapped within elongate vacuoles.</p><p>This study corroborates that<span>&nbsp;</span><i>T</i><sub><i>h</i></sub><span>&nbsp;</span>measurements on two phase inclusions in vadose cements can be misleading evidence of thermal diagenesis, even if the measurements are well grouped.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(88)90256-6","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Barker, C., and Halley, R.B., 1988, Fluid inclusions in vadose cement with consistent vapor to liquid ratios, Pleistocene Miami Limestone, southeastern Florida: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 52, no. 5, p. 1019-1025, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(88)90256-6.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1019","endPage":"1025","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220668,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1277e4b0c8380cd542fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barker, C.E.","contributorId":69991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barker","given":"C.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Halley, R. B.","contributorId":87941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halley","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70013777,"text":"70013777 - 1988 - Assimilation of granite by basaltic magma at Burnt Lava flow, Medicine Lake volcano, northern California: Decoupling of heat and mass transfer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:37","indexId":"70013777","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assimilation of granite by basaltic magma at Burnt Lava flow, Medicine Lake volcano, northern California: Decoupling of heat and mass transfer","docAbstract":"At Medicine Lake volcano, California, andesite of the Holocene Burnt Lava flow has been produced by fractional crystallization of parental high alumina basalt (HAB) accompanied by assimilation of granitic crustal material. Burnt Lava contains inclusions of quenched HAB liquid, a potential parent magma of the andesite, highly melted granitic crustal xenoliths, and xenocryst assemblages which provide a record of the fractional crystallization and crustal assimilation process. Samples of granitic crustal material occur as xenoliths in other Holocene and Pleistocene lavas, and these xenoliths are used to constrain geochemical models of the assimilation process. A large amount of assimilation accompanied fractional crystallization to produce the contaminated Burnt lava andesites. Models which assume that assimilation and fractionation occurred simultaneously estimate the ratio of assimilation to fractional crystallization (R) to be >1 and best fits to all geochemical data are at an R value of 1.35 at F=0.68. Petrologic evidence, however, indicates that the assimilation process did not involve continuous addition of granitic crust as fractionation occurred. Instead, heat and mass transfer were separated in space and time. During the assimilation process, HAB magma underwent large amounts of fractional crystallization which was not accompanied by significant amounts of assimilation. This fractionation process supplied heat to melt granitic crust. The models proposed to explain the contamination process involve fractionation, replenishment by parental HAB, and mixing of evolved and parental magmas with melted granitic crust. ?? 1988 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00375365","issn":"00107999","usgsCitation":"Grove, T., Kinzler, R., Baker, M.B., Donnelly-Nolan, J., and Lesher, C., 1988, Assimilation of granite by basaltic magma at Burnt Lava flow, Medicine Lake volcano, northern California: Decoupling of heat and mass transfer: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 99, no. 3, p. 320-343, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00375365.","startPage":"320","endPage":"343","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205005,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00375365"},{"id":220115,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"99","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee8ce4b0c8380cd49dfa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grove, T.L.","contributorId":22088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grove","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kinzler, R.J.","contributorId":47909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinzler","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baker, M. B.","contributorId":76068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Donnelly-Nolan, J.M.","contributorId":104936,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Donnelly-Nolan","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lesher, C.E.","contributorId":28217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lesher","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70185534,"text":"70185534 - 1988 - Hydraulic conductivity of a sandy soil at low water content after compaction by various methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-12T14:26:43","indexId":"70185534","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3420,"text":"Soil Science Society of America Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydraulic conductivity of a sandy soil at low water content after compaction by various methods","docAbstract":"<p><span>To investigate the degree to which compaction of a sandy soil influences its unsaturated hydraulic conductivity </span><i>K</i><span>, samples of Oakley sand (now in the Delhi series; mixed, thermic, Typic Xeropsamments) were packed to various densities and </span><i>K</i><span> was measured by the steady-state centrifuge method. The air-dry, machine packing was followed by centrifugal compression with the soil wet to about one-third saturation. Variations in (i) the impact frequency and (ii) the impact force during packing, and (iii) the amount of centrifugal force applied after packing, produced a range of porosity from 0.333 to 0.380. With volumetric water content θ between 0.06 and 0.12, </span><i>K</i><span> values were between 7 × 10</span><sup>−11</sup><span> and 2 × 10</span><sup>−8</sup><span> m/s. Comparisons of </span><i>K</i><span> at a single θ value for samples differing in porosity by about 3% showed as much as fivefold variation for samples prepared by different packing procedures, while there generally was negligible variation (within experimental error of 8%) where the porosity difference resulted from a difference in centrifugal force. Analysis involving capillary-theory models suggests that the differences in </span><i>K</i><span> can be related to differences in pore-space geometry inferred from water retention curves measured for the various samples.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Soil Science Society of America","doi":"10.2136/sssaj1988.03615995005200020001x","usgsCitation":"Nimmo, J.R., and Akstin, K.C., 1988, Hydraulic conductivity of a sandy soil at low water content after compaction by various methods: Soil Science Society of America Journal, v. 52, no. 2, p. 303-310, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1988.03615995005200020001x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"303","endPage":"310","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338179,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1988-03-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d4df0ae4b05ec79911d1d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nimmo, John R. 0000-0001-8191-1727 jrnimmo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8191-1727","contributorId":757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimmo","given":"John","email":"jrnimmo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Akstin, Katherine C.","contributorId":88023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Akstin","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70137762,"text":"70137762 - 1988 - U.S. Geological Survey deep seismic reflection profile across the Gulf of Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-12T16:04:08","indexId":"70137762","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"U.S. Geological Survey deep seismic reflection profile across the Gulf of Maine","docAbstract":"<p>Deep seismic reflection and magnetic data suggest that the Gulf of Maine is underlain by four crustal blocks of differing reflection and magnetic character. Two of these blocks, the Gulf of Maine fault zone and adjacent central plutonic zone, can be correlated with Avalonian rocks in southern New England and New Brunswick. The boundary between them, the Fundy fault, projects onshore near the Ponkapoag fault in southeastern Massachusetts in a region where no major crustal boundary has (yet) been identified. A third block, called the southern plutonic zone, is interpreted as Avalonian, although the reflection and magnetic data are ambiguous. The fourth block, along the rifted continental margin, is correlated with Meguma rocks of Nova Scotia. The late Paleozoic Variscan front crosses the Gulf of Maine within the Gulf of Maine fault zone and indicates significant compressional movement rather than strike-slip.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>The Moho surface throughout the region is essentially flat and may have been produced by Mesozoic crustal extension. Associated modification of the lower crust was minimal in the northern Gulf and may have been moderate in the central and southern Gulf. The Franklin rift basin formed by reactivation of the inferred Avalon-Meguma boundary beneath Georges Bank as a low-angle detachment.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1988)100<0172:USGSDS>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Hutchinson, D.R., Klitgord, K.D., Lee, M.W., and Trehu, A.M., 1988, U.S. Geological Survey deep seismic reflection profile across the Gulf of Maine: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 100, no. 2, p. 172-184, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1988)100<0172:USGSDS>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"172","endPage":"184","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297142,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Maine","volume":"100","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2c75e4b08de9379b3814","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hutchinson, Deborah R. 0000-0002-2544-5466 dhutchinson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2544-5466","contributorId":521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutchinson","given":"Deborah","email":"dhutchinson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":538086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Klitgord, Kim D.","contributorId":82307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klitgord","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":538087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, Myung W. mlee@usgs.gov","contributorId":779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Myung","email":"mlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Trehu, Anne M.","contributorId":49884,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Trehu","given":"Anne","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70142175,"text":"70142175 - 1988 - Extracting topographic structure from digital elevation data for geographic information-system analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T14:31:27","indexId":"70142175","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Extracting topographic structure from digital elevation data for geographic information-system analysis","docAbstract":"<p>Software tools have been developed at the U.S. Geological Survey's EROS Data Center to extract topographic structure and to delineate watersheds and overland flow paths from digital elevation models. The tools are specialpurpose FORTRAN programs interfaced with general-purpose raster and vector spatial analysis and relational data base management packages.</p>\n<p>The first phase of analysis is a conditioning phase that generates three data sets: the original OEM with depressions filled, a data set indicating the flow direction for each cell, and a flow accumulation data set in which each cell receives a value equal to the total number of cells that drain to it. The original OEM and these three derivative data sets can then be processed in a variety of ways to optionally delineate drainage networks, overland paths, watersheds for userspecified locations, sub-watersheds for the major tributaries of a drainage network, or pour point linkages between watersheds. The computer-generated drainage lines and watershed polygons and the pour point linkage information can be transferred to vector-based geographic information systems for futher analysis. Comparisons between these computergenerated features and their manually delineated counterparts generally show close agreement, indicating that these software tools will save analyst time spent in manual interpretation and digitizing.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","usgsCitation":"Jenson, S.K., and Domingue, J.O., 1988, Extracting topographic structure from digital elevation data for geographic information-system analysis: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 54, no. 11, p. 1593-1600.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1593","endPage":"1600","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298224,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54f597cae4b02419550d2f45","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jenson, Susan K.","contributorId":66859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenson","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":541674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Domingue, Julia O.","contributorId":91832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Domingue","given":"Julia","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":541675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}