The field of GeoAI or Geospatial Artificial Intelligence has undergone rapid development since 2017. It has been widely applied to address environmental and social science problems, from understanding climate change to tracking the spread of infectious disease. A foundational task in advancing GeoAI research is the creation of open, benchmark datasets to train and evaluate the performance of GeoAI models. While a number of datasets have been published, very few have centered on the natural terrain and its landforms. To bridge this gulf, this paper introduces a first-of-its-kind benchmark dataset, GeoImageNet, which supports natural feature detection in a supervised machine-learning paradigm. A distinctive feature of this dataset is the fusion of multi-source data, including both remote sensing imagery and DEM in depicting spatial objects of interest. This multi-source dataset allows a GeoAI model to extract rich spatio-contextual information to gain stronger confidence in high-precision object detection and recognition. The image dataset is tested with a multi-source GeoAI extension against two well-known object detection models, Faster-RCNN and RetinaNet. The results demonstrate the robustness of the dataset in aiding GeoAI models to achieve convergence and the superiority of multi-source data in yielding much higher prediction accuracy than the commonly used single data source.
Invasive species can dramatically alter ecosystems, but eradication is difficult, and suppression is expensive once they are established. Uncertainties in the potential for expansion and impacts by an invader can lead to delayed and inadequate suppression, allowing for establishment. Metapopulation viability models can aid in planning strategies to improve responses to invaders and lessen invasive species’ impacts, which may be particularly important under climate change. We used a spatially explicit metapopulation viability model to explore suppression strategies for ecologically damaging invasive brown trout (Salmo trutta), established in the Colorado River and a tributary in Grand Canyon National Park. Our goals were to estimate the effectiveness of strategies targeting different life stages and subpopulations within a metapopulation; quantify the effectiveness of a rapid response to a new invasion relative to delaying action until establishment; and estimate whether future hydrology and temperature regimes related to climate change and reservoir management affect metapopulation viability and alter the optimal management response. Our models included scenarios targeting different life stages with spatially varying intensities of electrofishing, redd destruction, incentivized angler harvest, piscicides, and a weir. Quasi-extinction (QE) was obtainable only with metapopulation-wide suppression targeting multiple life stages. Brown trout population growth rates were most sensitive to changes in age 0 and large adult mortality. The duration of suppression needed to reach QE for a large established subpopulation was 12 years compared with 4 with a rapid response to a new invasion. Isolated subpopulations were vulnerable to suppression; however, connected tributary subpopulations enhanced metapopulation persistence by serving as climate refuges. Water shortages driving changes in reservoir storage and subsequent warming would cause brown trout declines, but metapopulation QE was achieved only through refocusing and increasing suppression. Our modeling approach improves understanding of invasive brown trout metapopulation dynamics, which could lead to more focused and effective invasive species suppression strategies and, ultimately, maintenance of populations of endemic fishes.
Context: Small population sizes and no possibility of metapopulation rescue put narrowly distributed endemic species under elevated risk of extinction from anthropogenic change. Desert spring wetlands host many endemic species that require aquatic habitat and are isolated by the surrounding xeric terrestrial habitat.
Aims: We sought to model the occupancy dynamics of the Dixie Valley toad (Anaxyrus williamsi), a recently described species endemic to a small desert spring wetland complex in Nevada, USA.
Methods: We divided the species’ range into 20 m × 20 m cells and surveyed for Dixie Valley toads at 60 cells during six primary periods from 2018 to 2021, following an occupancy study design. We analysed our survey data by using a multi-state dynamic occupancy model to estimate the probability of adult occurrence, colonisation, site survival, and larval occurrence and the relationship of each to environmental covariates.
Key results: The detection probabilities of adult and larval toads were affected by survey length and time of day. Adult Dixie Valley toads were widely distributed, with detections in 75% of surveyed cells at some point during the 3-year study, whereas larvae were observed only in 20% of cells during the study. Dixie Valley toad larvae were more likely to occur in cells far from spring heads with a high coverage of surface water, low emergent vegetation cover, and water temperatures between 20°C and 28°C. Adult toads were more likely to occur in cells with a greater coverage of surface water and water depth >10 cm. Cells with more emergent vegetation cover and surface water were more likely to be colonised by adult toads.
Conclusions: Our results showed that Dixie Valley toads are highly dependent on surface water in both spring and autumn. Adults and larvae require different environmental conditions, with larvae occurring farther from spring heads and in fewer cells.
Implications: Disturbances to the hydrology of the desert spring wetlands in Dixie Valley could threaten the persistence of this narrowly distributed toad.
","language":"English","publisher":"CSIRO","doi":"10.1071/WR22029","usgsCitation":"Rose, J.P., Kleeman, P.M., and Halstead, B., 2023, Hot, wet and rare: Modelling the occupancy dynamics of the narrowly distributed Dixie Valley toad: Wildlife Research, v. 50, no. 7, p. 552-567, https://doi.org/10.1071/WR22029.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"552","endPage":"567","ipdsId":"IP-136748","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":445464,"rank":3,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1071/wr22029","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":435581,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9QCIC87","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"USGS Occupancy Surveys for Dixie Valley Toads, Anaxyrus williamsi, in Churchill County, Nevada from April 2018 to May 2021"},{"id":435580,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P97DSXJM","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Code to Analyze Occupancy Data for Dixie Valley Toads, Anaxyrus williamsi in Churchill County, Nevada from 2018 to 2021"},{"id":407214,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-08-29","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rose, Jonathan P. 0000-0003-0874-9166 jprose@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0874-9166","contributorId":199339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"Jonathan","email":"jprose@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":852766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kleeman, Patrick M. 0000-0001-6567-3239 pkleeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6567-3239","contributorId":3948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kleeman","given":"Patrick","email":"pkleeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":852767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Halstead, Brian J. 0000-0002-5535-6528 bhalstead@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5535-6528","contributorId":3051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halstead","given":"Brian J.","email":"bhalstead@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":852768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70238028,"text":"70238028 - 2023 - Impact of sedimentary basins on Green’s functions for static slip inversion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-04T12:06:15.770722","indexId":"70238028","displayToPublicDate":"2022-08-29T07:04:07","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impact of sedimentary basins on Green’s functions for static slip inversion","docAbstract":"Earthquakes often occur in regions with complex material structure, such as sedimentary basins or mantle wedges. However, the majority of co-seismic modelling studies assume a simplified, often homogeneous elastic structure in order to expedite the process of model construction and speed up calculations. These co-seismic forward models are used to produce Green’s functions for finite-fault inversions, so any assumptions made in the forward model may introduce bias into estimated slip models. In this study, we use a synthetic model of a sedimentary basin to investigate the impact of 3-D elastic structure on forward models of co-seismic surface deformation. We find that 3-D elastic structure can cause changes in the shape of surface deformation patterns. The magnitude of this effect appears to be primarily controlled by the magnitude of contrast in material properties, rather than the sharpness of contrast, the fault orientation, the location of the fault, or the slip orientation. As examples of real-world cases, we explore the impact of 3-D elastic structure with a model of the Taipei basin in Taiwan and a simulated earthquake on the Sanchaio fault, and with a 3-D geologic model of the San Francisco Bay Area and a slip model of the 1984 Morgan Hill earthquake on the Calaveras fault. Once again, we find that the presence of the basin leads to differences in the shape and amplitude of the surface deformation pattern, but we observe that the primary differences are in the magnitude of surface deformation and can be accounted for with a layered elastic structure. Our results imply that the use of homogeneous Green’s functions may lead to bias in inferred slip models in regions with sedimentary basins, so, at a minimum, a layered velocity structure should be used.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/gji/ggac344","usgsCitation":"Langer, L., Beller, S., Hirakawa, E.T., and Tromp, J., 2023, Impact of sedimentary basins on Green’s functions for static slip inversion: Geophysical Journal International, v. 232, no. 1, p. 569-580, https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggac344.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"569","endPage":"580","ipdsId":"IP-133675","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499860,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hal.science/hal-04920777","text":"External Repository"},{"id":409156,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"232","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-08-29","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langer, Leah 0000-0002-5384-0500","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5384-0500","contributorId":298853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langer","given":"Leah","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":856606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beller, Stephen 0000-0002-5331-0788","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5331-0788","contributorId":298854,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beller","given":"Stephen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6644,"text":"Princeton University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":856607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hirakawa, Evan Tyler 0000-0002-5720-0850","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5720-0850","contributorId":295776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hirakawa","given":"Evan","email":"","middleInitial":"Tyler","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":856608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tromp, Jeroen 0000-0002-2742-8299","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2742-8299","contributorId":298855,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tromp","given":"Jeroen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6644,"text":"Princeton University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":856609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70234260,"text":"70234260 - 2023 - Assessing population genomic structure and polyploidy: A crucial step for native plant restoration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-15T14:19:26.847684","indexId":"70234260","displayToPublicDate":"2022-08-05T08:17:10","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3271,"text":"Restoration Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing population genomic structure and polyploidy: A crucial step for native plant restoration","docAbstract":"Establishing an effective restoration program requires baseline genetic information to make sound decisions for seed increase and transfer. For many plants this information is lacking, especially among native forbs that are critical for pollinator health. Erigeron speciosus is a widespread, perennial forb occupying montane environments in the western United States and Canada. This species is important in fostering pollinator diversity. Our study examines the population genetic patterns across the species range using reduced-representation sequencing and surveys for genome duplication using flow cytometry and cytology. These genomic tools provide critical information for seed increase and seed transfer, necessary for restoration programs. Population genetic differentiation (FST) average was 0.13 and ranged from 0.05 to 0.24 among 23 collection sites. Model-based Bayesian clustering supported a model with collection sites grouped into two populations, occupying distinct geographic regions of this species range. A genetic distance-based neighbor-joining tree also supported this division. Flow cytometry of 53 samples from 17 populations had 2C values that ranged from 1.7 to 3.6 pg with a mean 2C value of 2.3 pg. Putative triploids were found in two individuals from one collection site. The spatial distribution of genetic structure supports regionally based taxonomic descriptions of two varieties: speciosus in the North and macranthus in the South. This assessment of genetic structure and genome duplication describes an effective approach in developing baseline genetic information for restoration species, especially those species that may harbor complex taxonomy and polyploidy.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/rec.13740","usgsCitation":"Richardson, B.A., Massatti, R., Islam-Faridi, N., Johnson, S., and Kilkenny, F.F., 2023, Assessing population genomic structure and polyploidy: A crucial step for native plant restoration: Restoration Ecology, v. 31, no. 3, e13740, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.13740.","productDescription":"e13740, 11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-133482","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":445480,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.13740","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":404872,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, South Dakota, Utah, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Idaho Batholith, Rocky Mountains, Snake River Plain, Uinta Mountains, Wasatch Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.61962890624999,\n 43.929549935614595\n ],\n [\n -117.70751953125,\n 41.983994270935625\n ],\n [\n -114.10400390625,\n 41.983994270935625\n ],\n [\n -114.08203125,\n 36.96744946416934\n ],\n [\n -107.16064453125,\n 37.00255267215955\n ],\n [\n -102.45849609375,\n 44.166444664458595\n ],\n [\n -111.533203125,\n 48.99463598353405\n ],\n [\n -117.61962890624999,\n 43.929549935614595\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"31","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richardson, Bryce A.","contributorId":207820,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Richardson","given":"Bryce","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37640,"text":"U.S.D.A. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station, Provo, UT, 84606 USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":848356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Massatti, Robert 0000-0001-5854-5597","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5854-5597","contributorId":207294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Massatti","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":848357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Islam-Faridi, Nurul","contributorId":294566,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Islam-Faridi","given":"Nurul","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":63605,"text":"USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, College Station, Texas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":848358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, Skylar","contributorId":294567,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Skylar","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":63608,"text":"USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Moscow, Idaho","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":848359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kilkenny, Francis F.","contributorId":191031,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kilkenny","given":"Francis","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":848360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70241410,"text":"70241410 - 2023 - The global seismographic network reveals atmospherically coupled normal modes excited by the 2022 Hunga Tonga eruption","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-17T12:13:22.993684","indexId":"70241410","displayToPublicDate":"2022-07-26T07:09:05","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The global seismographic network reveals atmospherically coupled normal modes excited by the 2022 Hunga Tonga eruption","docAbstract":"The eruption of the submarine Hunga Tonga-Hunga Haʻapai (Hunga Tonga) volcano on 15 January 2022, was one of the largest volcanic explosions recorded by modern geophysical instrumentation. The eruption was notable for the broad range of atmospheric wave phenomena it generated and for their unusual coupling with the oceans and solid Earth. The event was recorded worldwide across the Global Seismographic Network (GSN) by seismometers, microbarographs and infrasound sensors. The broad-band instrumentation in the GSN allows us to make high fidelity observations of spheroidal solid Earth normal modes from this event at frequencies near 3.7 and 4.4 mHz. Similar normal mode excitations were reported following the 1991 Pinatubo (Volcanic Explosivity Index of 6) eruption and were predicted, by theory, to arise from the excitation of mesosphere-scale acoustic modes of the atmosphere coupling with the solid Earth. Here, we compare observations for the Hunga Tonga and Pinatubo eruptions and find that both strongly excited the solid Earth normal mode 0S29 (3.72 mHz). However, the mean modal amplitude was roughly 11 times larger for the 2022 Hunga Tonga eruption. Estimates of attenuation (Q) for 0S29 across the GSN from temporal modal decay give Q = 332 ± 101, which is higher than estimates of Q for this mode using earthquake data (Q = 186.9 ± 5). Two microbarographs located at regional distances (<1000 km) to the volcano provide direct observations of the fundamental acoustic mode of the atmosphere. These pressure oscillations, first observed approximately 40 min after the onset of the eruption, are in phase with the seismic Rayleigh wave excitation and are recorded only by microbarographs in proximity (<1500 km) to the eruption. We infer that excitation of fundamental atmospheric modes occurs within a limited area close to the site of the eruption, where they excite select solid Earth fundamental spheroidal modes of similar frequencies that are globally recorded and have a higher apparent Q due to the extended duration of atmospheric oscillations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/gji/ggac284","usgsCitation":"Ringler, A.T., Anthony, R.E., Aster, R., Taira, T., Shiro, B., Wilson, D.C., De Angelis, S.H., Ebeling, C., Haney, M.M., Matoza, R., and Ortiz, H., 2023, The global seismographic network reveals atmospherically coupled normal modes excited by the 2022 Hunga Tonga eruption: Geophysical Journal International, v. 232, no. 3, p. 2160-2174, https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggac284.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"2160","endPage":"2174","ipdsId":"IP-139300","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":414335,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Hunga Tonga","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -176.0319755204097,\n -19.34999539921209\n ],\n [\n -176.0319755204097,\n -21.715107936512553\n ],\n [\n -174.05527592325726,\n -21.715107936512553\n ],\n [\n -174.05527592325726,\n -19.34999539921209\n ],\n [\n -176.0319755204097,\n -19.34999539921209\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"232","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-07-26","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ringler, Adam T. 0000-0002-9839-4188 aringler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9839-4188","contributorId":3946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ringler","given":"Adam","email":"aringler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":866773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anthony, Robert 0000-0001-7089-8846 reanthony@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7089-8846","contributorId":202829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anthony","given":"Robert","email":"reanthony@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":866774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aster, Rick","contributorId":303207,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aster","given":"Rick","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":866775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Taira, T.","contributorId":303208,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taira","given":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":36942,"text":"University of California, Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":866776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shiro, Brian 0000-0001-8756-288X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8756-288X","contributorId":204040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shiro","given":"Brian","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":866777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wilson, David C. 0000-0003-2582-5159 dwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2582-5159","contributorId":145580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"David","email":"dwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":866778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"De Angelis, S. H.","contributorId":196732,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"De Angelis","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":866779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ebeling, C.","contributorId":297933,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ebeling","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":15303,"text":"University of California, San Diego","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":866780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Haney, Matthew M. 0000-0003-3317-7884 mhaney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3317-7884","contributorId":172948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haney","given":"Matthew","email":"mhaney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":866781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Matoza, R.","contributorId":303211,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Matoza","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36524,"text":"University of California, Santa Barbara","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":866782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Ortiz, H.","contributorId":303213,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ortiz","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36524,"text":"University of California, Santa Barbara","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":866783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70236621,"text":"70236621 - 2023 - Relationship of greater sage-grouse to natural and assisted recovery of key vegetation types following wildfire: Insights from scat","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-24T16:47:37.729215","indexId":"70236621","displayToPublicDate":"2022-07-07T06:41:18","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3271,"text":"Restoration Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relationship of greater sage-grouse to natural and assisted recovery of key vegetation types following wildfire: Insights from scat","docAbstract":"Megafires are creating severe conservation problems worldwide for wildlife that have obligate dependencies on plant species that are foundational but fire-intolerant. Wildfire-induced loss of native perennials and increases in exotic annual grasses threaten greater sage-grouse (GRSG, Centrocercus urophasianus) in its sagebrush steppe habitat in western North America. Post-fire restoration using herbicides, seeding, and planting of native perennials such as sagebrush are common, but there are few assessments of GRSG response to the treatments. We measured the presence of GRSG scat and modeled the probability of GRSG presence (PrGRSG-scat) in relation to variation in plot-level and landscape-level predictors, and land treatments, in an intensive, repeat sampling from 2017-2020 of 113,000-ha area burned in 2015 in the Soda Megafire (Oregon and Idaho, USA). GRSG scat was present in <200 of >8000 observations, as would be expected for a philopatric species (i.e., high fidelity to home site) returning to degraded habitat. PrGRSG-scat was positively associated with sagebrush presence at the plot-level and was positively related to elevation, lower-angle slopes, and proximity to sagebrush seedling outplant islands. The statistical significance of relationships of PrGRSG-scat to restoration treatments was marginal at best, with the largest effect being a positive response of PrGRSG-scat to pre-emergent herbicide sprayed to reduce exotic annual grasses. More time may be required for restored sagebrush steppe to meet GRSG needs or for GRSG to “adopt” the restored vegetation. Moreover, whereas scat is a convenient and non-invasive method to monitor GRSG, its post-fire scarcity weakens the strength of statistical inference on GRSG recovery patterns and response to restoration.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/rec.13758","usgsCitation":"Germino, M., Anthony, C.R., Kluender, C.R., Ellsworth, E.A., Moser, A.M., Applestein, C., and Fisk, M., 2023, Relationship of greater sage-grouse to natural and assisted recovery of key vegetation types following wildfire: Insights from scat: Restoration Ecology, v. 31, no. 3, e13758, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.13758.","productDescription":"e13758, 11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-133074","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":406584,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Germino, Matthew J. 0000-0001-6326-7579","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6326-7579","contributorId":251901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Germino","given":"Matthew J.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":851520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anthony, Christopher R. 0000-0003-0968-224X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0968-224X","contributorId":296314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anthony","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":851521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kluender, Chad Raymond 0000-0002-4108-4437","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4108-4437","contributorId":296077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kluender","given":"Chad","email":"","middleInitial":"Raymond","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":851522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ellsworth, Ethan A.","contributorId":201653,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ellsworth","given":"Ethan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":7217,"text":"Bureau of Land Management","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":851523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Moser, Ann M.","contributorId":206592,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moser","given":"Ann","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":851524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Applestein, Cara 0000-0002-7923-8526","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7923-8526","contributorId":205748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Applestein","given":"Cara","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":851525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fisk, Matthew 0000-0002-2250-0116","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2250-0116","contributorId":205749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisk","given":"Matthew","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":851526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70233411,"text":"70233411 - 2023 - Beyond glacier-wide mass balances: Parsing seasonal elevation change into spatially resolved patterns of accumulation and ablation at Wolverine Glacier, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-01T16:34:51.177631","indexId":"70233411","displayToPublicDate":"2022-06-24T07:41:46","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2328,"text":"Journal of Glaciology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Beyond glacier-wide mass balances: Parsing seasonal elevation change into spatially resolved patterns of accumulation and ablation at Wolverine Glacier, Alaska","docAbstract":"We present spatially distributed seasonal and annual surface mass balances of Wolverine Glacier, Alaska, from 2016 to 2020. Our approach accounts for the effects of ice emergence and firn compaction on surface elevation changes to resolve the spatial patterns in mass balance at 10 m scale. We present and compare three methods for estimating emergence velocities. Firn compaction was constrained by optimizing a firn model to fit three firn cores. Distributed mass balances showed good agreement with mass-balance stakes (RMSE = 0.67 m w.e., r = 0.99, n = 41) and ground-penetrating radar surveys (RMSE = 0.36 m w.e., r = 0.85, n = 9024). Fundamental differences in the distributions of seasonal balances highlight the importance of disparate physical processes, with anomalously high ablation rates observed in icefalls. Winter balances were found to be positively skewed when controlling for elevation, while summer and annual balances were negatively skewed. We show that only a small percent of the glacier surface represents ideal locations for mass-balance stake placement. Importantly, no suitable areas are found near the terminus or in elevation bands dominated by icefalls. These findings offer explanations for the often-needed geodetic calibrations of glaciological time series.
Many coastal states throughout the USA have observed negative effects in marine and estuarine environments caused by cyanotoxins produced in inland waterbodies that were transported downstream or produced in the estuaries. Estuaries and other downstream receiving waters now face the dual risk of impacts from harmful algal blooms (HABs) that occur in the coastal ocean as well as those originating in inland watersheds. Despite this risk, most HAB monitoring efforts do not account for hydrological connections in their monitoring strategies and designs. Monitoring efforts in California have revealed the persistent detection of cyanotoxins across the freshwater-to-marine continuum. These studies underscore the importance of inland waters as conduits for the transfer of cyanotoxins to the marine environment and highlight the importance of approaches that can monitor across hydrologically connected waterbodies. A HAB monitoring strategy is presented for the freshwater-to-marine continuum to inform HAB management and mitigation efforts and address the physical and hydrologic challenges encountered when monitoring in these systems. Three main recommendations are presented based on published studies, new datasets, and existing monitoring programs. First, HAB monitoring would benefit from coordinated and cohesive efforts across hydrologically interconnected waterbodies and across organizational and political boundaries and jurisdictions. Second, a combination of sampling modalities would provide the most effective monitoring for HAB toxin dynamics and transport across hydrologically connected waterbodies, from headwater sources to downstream receiving waterbodies. Third, routine monitoring is needed for toxin mixtures at the land–sea interface including algal toxins of marine origins as well as cyanotoxins that are sourced from inland freshwater or produced in estuaries. Case studies from California are presented to illustrate the implementation of these recommendations, but these recommendations can also be applied to inland states or regions where the downstream receiving waterbody is a freshwater lake, reservoir, or river.
Alluvial fans and sinuous ridges are both important records of the history of fluvial activity on Mars, and they often occur together. We present observations of alluvial fans, many of which exhibit inverted relief, in five craters in the region north of Hellas basin. The observed fans ranged in size from ~10 to 820 km2. We identified three primary fan surface morphology classes (chute, degraded, and Inverted) as well as many instances where the morphology transitions from proximal chutes (or, rarely, a cratered degraded surface) to distal ridges corresponding to increasing thermal inertia. Clear superposition relationships at contacts between adjacent fans are rarely observed, suggesting interfingered deposits and concurrent fan development across the region. Localized factors appear to influence fan development as there is no systematic trend in the azimuth range of fan location, size of fan or catchment, as well as the degree of crater filling. Water and sediment availability may be controlled by lithology differences and weather patterns. Many of the fans had a mismatch between catchment and fan volume, corresponding to significant amounts of erosion perhaps due to windblown stripping of fine sediment. However, several notable fans exhibited volumes greater than their corresponding catchments. This may reflect uncertainty in the accuracy of the estimated paleosurface, or it may indicate sediment contributions to the fan from outside the mapped catchment. Ridges, inferred to be the resistant remnants of fluvially transported deposits, were used to estimate flow magnitude in fan construction with computed discharges of 60–400 m3/s and corresponding supply rate runoff values ~1–20 mm/h. Acknowledging that width-derived discharge values may overestimate flow conditions due to the likelihood of amalgamated channel deposits, this quantification provides important climate constraints.
The upper range of runoff values and discharge rates are quite high, and would require either intense rain storms to generate immediate runoff, or longer-term snow accumulation and subsequent melt-runoff, potentially enhanced by rain-on-snow events. Minimum continuous formation time scales of less than a century are computed, but are incompatible with fan morphology (e.g., superposition relationships, embedded craters) and mechanisms to sustain flows. More realistic lower-limit fan construction times, accounting for modeled precipitation rates from the literature, are tens to hundreds of thousands of years. Fans were active in multiple events spanning the Hesperian to Amazonian periods, requiring transient climate conditions to support the fan aggradation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2022.115122","usgsCitation":"Anderson, R.B., Williams, R., Gullikson, A.L., and Nelson, W., 2023, Morphology and paleohydrology of intracrater alluvial fans north of Hellas Basin, Mars: Icarus, v. 394, 115122, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2022.115122.","productDescription":"115122, 22 p.","ipdsId":"IP-130189","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":445517,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2022.115122","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":410790,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Hellas Basin, Mars","volume":"394","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, Ryan B. 0000-0003-4465-2871 rbanderson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4465-2871","contributorId":170054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Ryan","email":"rbanderson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":859659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, Rebecca","contributorId":195304,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"Rebecca","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":859660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gullikson, Amber L. 0000-0002-1505-3151","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1505-3151","contributorId":208679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gullikson","given":"Amber","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":859661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nelson, William","contributorId":300211,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nelson","given":"William","affiliations":[{"id":65046,"text":"U. of Hawaii","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":859662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70232195,"text":"70232195 - 2023 - Management and environmental factors associated with simulated restoration seeding barriers in sagebrush steppe","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-14T14:37:56.099474","indexId":"70232195","displayToPublicDate":"2022-06-13T10:30:15","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3271,"text":"Restoration Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Management and environmental factors associated with simulated restoration seeding barriers in sagebrush steppe","docAbstract":"Adverse weather conditions, particularly freezing or drought, are often associated with poor seedling establishment following restoration seeding in drylands like the Great Basin sagebrush steppe (USA). Management decisions such as planting date or seed source could improve restoration outcomes by reducing seedling exposure to weather barriers. We simulated the effects of management and environmental factors on seedling exposure to post-germination barriers for bottlebrush squirreltail (Elymus elymoides), Sandberg bluegrass (Poa secunda), and bluebunch wheatgrass (Pseudoroegneria spicata). We combined germination timing models with daily soil moisture and temperature estimates to calculate yearly germination favorability and post-germination freezing and drought barriers for three planting dates (Oct. 15, Nov. 15, and Mar. 15) and three seed sources or cultivars per species for 5000 sites in each of 40 yrs (water years 1980-2019). We tested the effects of site environmental variables (elevation, mean annual precipitation, heat load, and clay content) and management choices (seed source and planting date) on germination favorability and barrier occurrence (mean) and variability (coefficient of variation). Seedling exposure to barriers was strongly linked to management decisions in addition to site mean precipitation and elevation. Later fall plantings and seed sources with slower germination (lower mean germination favorability) were less likely to encounter freezing and drought barriers. These results suggest that management actions can play a role comparable to site environmental variables in reducing exposure of vulnerable seedlings to adverse weather conditions and subsequent effects on restoration outcomes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Ecological Restoration","doi":"10.1111/rec.13722","usgsCitation":"Copeland, S., Bradford, J., Hardegree, S.P., Schlaepfer, D.R., and Badik, K.J., 2023, Management and environmental factors associated with simulated restoration seeding barriers in sagebrush steppe: Restoration Ecology, v. 31, no. 2, e13722, https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.13722.","productDescription":"e13722","ipdsId":"IP-135148","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":445519,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.13722","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":402087,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Great Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.158203125,\n 36.4566360115962\n ],\n [\n -114.47753906249999,\n 36.73888412439431\n ],\n [\n -112.8515625,\n 37.43997405227057\n ],\n [\n -112.54394531249999,\n 40.27952566881291\n ],\n [\n -111.4453125,\n 42.61779143282346\n ],\n [\n -111.62109375,\n 44.24519901522129\n ],\n [\n -112.236328125,\n 44.43377984606822\n ],\n [\n -112.939453125,\n 44.43377984606822\n ],\n [\n -114.82910156249999,\n 44.213709909702054\n ],\n [\n -116.01562499999999,\n 44.43377984606822\n ],\n [\n -117.24609374999999,\n 46.558860303117164\n ],\n [\n -118.740234375,\n 46.22545288226939\n ],\n [\n -121.59667968749999,\n 45.213003555993964\n ],\n [\n -121.86035156249999,\n 43.54854811091286\n ],\n [\n -121.1572265625,\n 41.04621681452063\n ],\n [\n -120.1904296875,\n 38.51378825951165\n ],\n [\n -117.158203125,\n 36.4566360115962\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"31","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Copeland, Stella M.","contributorId":196218,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Copeland","given":"Stella M.","affiliations":[{"id":37009,"text":"USDA Agricultural Research Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":844529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradford, John B. 0000-0001-9257-6303","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9257-6303","contributorId":219257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradford","given":"John B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":844530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hardegree, Stuart P.","contributorId":195696,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hardegree","given":"Stuart","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":844531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schlaepfer, Daniel Rodolphe 0000-0001-9973-2065","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9973-2065","contributorId":225569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schlaepfer","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"Rodolphe","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":844532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Badik, Kevin J","contributorId":292423,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Badik","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[{"id":62901,"text":"The Nature Conservancy 1 E. 1st St. STE 1007, Reno, NV, 89501","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":844533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70231884,"text":"70231884 - 2023 - Late Cretaceous time-transgressive onset of Laramide arch exhumation and basin subsidence across northern Arizona−New Mexico, USA, and the role of a dehydrating Farallon flat slab","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-18T15:49:56.953328","indexId":"70231884","displayToPublicDate":"2022-05-13T08:21:38","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Cretaceous time-transgressive onset of Laramide arch exhumation and basin subsidence across northern Arizona−New Mexico, USA, and the role of a dehydrating Farallon flat slab","docAbstract":"Spatiotemporal constraints for Late Cretaceous tectonism across the Colorado Plateau and southern Rocky Mountains (northern Arizona−New Mexico, USA) are interpreted in regards to Laramide orogenic mechanisms. Onset of Laramide arch development is estimated from cooling recorded in representative thermochronologic samples in a three-step process of initial forward models, secondary HeFTy inverse models with informed constraint boxes, and a custom script to statistically estimate timing of rapid cooling from inverse model results. Onset of Laramide basin development is interpreted from increased rates of tectonic subsidence. Onset estimates are compared to published estimates for Laramide timing, and together suggest tectonism commenced ca. 90 Ma in northwestern Arizona and progressed eastward with later onset in north-central New Mexico by ca. 75−70 Ma. The interpreted sweep of onset progressed at a rate of ∼50 km/m.y. and was approximately half the 100−150 km/m.y. rate estimated for Late Cretaceous Farallon-North America convergence during the same timeframe. Previous suggestions that the Laramide tectonic front progressed at a rate similar to convergence via basal traction are not supported by our results. We thereby suggest that (1) a plate margin end load established far field compression and that (2) sequential Laramide-style strain was facilitated by progressive weakening of North American lithosphere from the dehydrating Farallon flat slab. Results are compared to models of sweeping tectonism and magmatism in other parts of the Laramide foreland. Discussions of the utility of the custom script and the potential for stratigraphic constraints to represent only minimum onset estimates are also presented.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/B36245.1","usgsCitation":"Thacker, J., Karlstrom, K., Kelley, S., Crow, R.S., and Kendall, J., 2023, Late Cretaceous time-transgressive onset of Laramide arch exhumation and basin subsidence across northern Arizona−New Mexico, USA, and the role of a dehydrating Farallon flat slab: GSA Bulletin, v. 135, no. 1-2, p. 389-406, https://doi.org/10.1130/B36245.1.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"389","endPage":"406","ipdsId":"IP-122202","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":445525,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/gsab.s.19362371","text":"External Repository"},{"id":401533,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, New Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.818359375,\n 33.90689555128866\n ],\n [\n -103.447265625,\n 33.90689555128866\n ],\n [\n -103.447265625,\n 37.020098201368114\n ],\n [\n -113.818359375,\n 37.020098201368114\n ],\n [\n -113.818359375,\n 33.90689555128866\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"135","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-05-13","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thacker, Jacob","contributorId":292189,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thacker","given":"Jacob","affiliations":[{"id":62838,"text":"NMBG","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":844026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Karlstrom, Karl","contributorId":292190,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Karlstrom","given":"Karl","affiliations":[{"id":16658,"text":"UNM","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":844027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kelley, Shari","contributorId":292191,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kelley","given":"Shari","affiliations":[{"id":62838,"text":"NMBG","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":844028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Crow, Ryan S. 0000-0002-2403-6361 rcrow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2403-6361","contributorId":5792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crow","given":"Ryan","email":"rcrow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":844029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kendall, Jerry","contributorId":292192,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kendall","given":"Jerry","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16658,"text":"UNM","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":844030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70236814,"text":"70236814 - 2023 - Spatially averaged stratigraphic data to inform watershed sediment routing: An example from the Mid-Atlantic United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-18T16:42:41.793618","indexId":"70236814","displayToPublicDate":"2022-05-05T08:41:08","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatially averaged stratigraphic data to inform watershed sediment routing: An example from the Mid-Atlantic United States","docAbstract":"New and previously published stratigraphic data define Holocene to present sediment storage time scales for Mid-Atlantic river corridors. Empirical distributions of deposit ages and thicknesses were randomly sampled to create synthetic age-depth records. Deposits predating European settlement accumulated at a (median) rate of 0.06 cm yr−1, range from ∼18,000 to 225 yr old, and represent 39% (median) of the total accumulation. Sediments deposited from 1750 to 1950 (“legacy sediments”) accumulated at a (median) rate of 0.39 cm yr−1 and comprise 47% (median) of the total, while “modern sediments” (1950−present) represent 11% of the total and accumulated at a (median) rate of 0.25 cm yr−1. Synthetic stratigraphic sequences, recast as age distributions for the presettlement period, in 1900 A.D., and at present, reflect rapid postsettlement alluviation, with enhanced preservation of younger sediments related to postsettlement watershed disturbance. An averaged present age distribution for vertically accreted sediment has modal, median, and mean ages of 190, 230, and 630 yr, reflecting the predominance of stored legacy sediments and the influence of relatively few, much older early Holocene deposits. The present age distribution, if represented by an exponential approximation (mean age ∼300 yr), and naively assumed to represent steady-state conditions, implies median sediment travel times on the order of centuries for travel distances greater than ∼100 km. The percentage of sediment reaching the watershed outlet in 30 yr (a reasonable time horizon to achieve watershed restoration efficacy) is ∼60% for a distance of 50 km, but this decreases to <20% for distances greater than 200 km. Age distributions, evaluated through time, not only encapsulate the history of sediment storage, but they also provide data for calibrating watershed-scale sediment-routing models over geological time scales.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/B36282.1","usgsCitation":"Pizzuto, J., Skalak, K., Benthem, A.J., Mahan, S.A., Sherif, M., and Pearson, A., 2023, Spatially averaged stratigraphic data to inform watershed sediment routing: An example from the Mid-Atlantic United States: GSA Bulletin, v. 135, no. 1-2, p. 249-270, https://doi.org/10.1130/B36282.1.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"249","endPage":"270","ipdsId":"IP-132540","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":445529,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/b36282.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":406955,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.57373046875,\n 36.57142382346277\n ],\n [\n -75.069580078125,\n 36.57142382346277\n ],\n [\n -75.069580078125,\n 40.01078714046552\n ],\n [\n -80.57373046875,\n 40.01078714046552\n ],\n [\n -80.57373046875,\n 36.57142382346277\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"135","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-05-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pizzuto, James","contributorId":207115,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pizzuto","given":"James","affiliations":[{"id":13359,"text":"University of Delaware","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":852245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Skalak, Katherine 0000-0003-4122-1240 kskalak@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4122-1240","contributorId":3990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skalak","given":"Katherine","email":"kskalak@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":852246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Benthem, Adam J. 0000-0003-2372-0281","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2372-0281","contributorId":220000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benthem","given":"Adam","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":852247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mahan, Shannon A. 0000-0001-5214-7774 smahan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5214-7774","contributorId":147159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahan","given":"Shannon","email":"smahan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":852248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sherif, Mahmoud 0000-0002-6504-0439","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6504-0439","contributorId":296698,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sherif","given":"Mahmoud","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":64145,"text":"Tanta University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":852249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pearson, Adam 0000-0002-6719-9750","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6719-9750","contributorId":296699,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pearson","given":"Adam","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":64146,"text":"SUNY, Postdam","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":852250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70254676,"text":"70254676 - 2023 - Alaskan Yelloweye Rockfish fecundity revealed through an automated egg count and digital imagery method","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-06T11:44:51.490885","indexId":"70254676","displayToPublicDate":"2022-05-03T06:39:49","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Alaskan Yelloweye Rockfish fecundity revealed through an automated egg count and digital imagery method","docAbstract":"Spawning stock biomass (SSB) is often used as an index for reproductive potential (RP) in fisheries stock assessments. This method assumes that mature female biomass is proportional to total egg production and implies that (1) the fecundity–length relationship follows a cubic function or (2) relative fecundity is constant. For many marine fishes, adequate fecundity estimates to evaluate these relationships are lacking. This study estimated fecundity and fecundity relationships for Yelloweye Rockfish Sebastes ruberrimus and evaluated an automated method of counting eggs and larvae. We collected Yelloweye Rockfish ovaries (N = 90) from the northern Gulf of Alaska, including Prince William Sound, Alaska, during 2018–2019 and used the gravimetric method and image analysis software to count eggs from digital camera images. To evaluate the speed, accuracy, and precision of the automated counting procedure, one-third of the gravimetric samples were also manually counted. Image analysis software was approximately four times faster but equally accurate and precise for fecundity estimates relative to manual counts. Fecundity ranged from 53,249 to 3.052 × 106 eggs (mean ± SD = 896,762 ± 699,504 eggs), and relative fecundity increased with female FL and ranged from 68 to 435 eggs/g of body weight (mean ± SD = 226 ± 87 eggs/g). The use of SSB for Yelloweye Rockfish stock assessment could underestimate the contribution to egg production by larger (>5.6-kg) females, overestimate the contribution by smaller females, and lead to biased biological reference points. This study provides critical information to more realistically model RP and improve stock assessment inputs for the development of harvest control rules for Yelloweye Rockfish. Additionally, the use of image analysis software to count eggs in digital images proved to be an effective fecundity estimation method that could be applied to other highly fecund fish species for which the time demand of manual counting methods would be prohibitive.
Humans have exaggerated natural habitat fragmentation, negatively impacting species dispersal and reducing population connectivity. Habitat fragmentation can be especially detrimental in freshwater populations, whose dispersal is already constrained by the river network structure. Aquatic insects, for instance, are generally limited to two primary modes of dispersal: downstream drift in the aquatic juvenile life stages and flight during the terrestrial winged adult stage. Yet the impacts of large hydropower dams can make rivers uninhabitable for incoming (drifting) juvenile insects, with remaining refugia found only in tributaries. The ability of adult aquatic insects to traverse such river stretches in search of suitable tributary habitat likely depends on factors such as species-specific dispersal ability and distance between tributaries. To explore the intersection of natural and human-induced habitat fragmentation on aquatic insect dispersal ability, we quantified population genetics of three taxa with varying dispersal abilities, a caddisfly (Hydropsychidae, Hydropsyche oslari), a mayfly (Baetidae: Fallceon quilleri), and a water strider (Veliidae: Rhagovelia distincta), throughout tributaries of the Colorado River in the Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA. Using 2bRAD reduced genome sequencing and landscape genetics analyses, we revealed a strong pattern of isolation by distance among mayfly populations. This contrasts with caddisfly and water strider populations, which were largely panmictic. Analysis of thousands of informative single nucleotide polymorphisms showed that realized dispersal ability may not be accurately predicted by species traits for these widespread species. Principal components analysis revealed a strong division between caddisfly populations upstream and downstream of Havasu Creek (279 km through the 390 km study reach), suggesting that the geography of the Grand Canyon imposes a dispersal barrier for this species. Our use of genetic tools in the Grand Canyon to understand population structure has enabled us to elucidate dispersal barriers for aquatic insects. Ultimately, these data may be useful in informing effective conservation management plans for understudied organisms of conservation interest.
Species with especially close dependence on the environment to meet physiological requirements, such as ectotherms, are highly susceptible to the impacts of climate change. Climate change is occurring rapidly in the Subarctic and Arctic, but there is limited knowledge on ectotherm physiology in these landscapes. We investigated how environmental conditions and habitat characteristics influence the physiological conditions and habitat use of wood frogs (Rana sylvatica) in a Subarctic landscape near Churchill, Manitoba (Canada). We used plaster models to estimate water loss rates and surface body temperatures among different habitat types and at specific locations used by radio-tracked frogs. Water loss (R2 = 0.67) and surface temperature (R2 = 0.80) of plaster models was similar to that of live frogs. Model-based water loss rates were greater in tundra habitat than in boreal forest and ecotone habitat. Habitat use of wood frogs was strongly tied with available surface moisture and decreased water loss rates that were observed with plaster models. Environmental conditions, such as wind speed and ground temperature, explained 58% and 91% of the variation in water balance and temperature of plaster models. Maintaining physiological conditions may be challenging for semi-aquatic ectotherms in environments vulnerable to future climate change. The ability to predict physiological conditions based on environmental conditions, as demonstrated in our study, can help understand how wildlife will respond to climatic changes.
Wetlands play a vital role in Earth's carbon cycle and provide important ecosystem services. Their ability to perform their roles can be compromised by human activities that destroy or impair their functioning. The restoration of degraded wetlands may allow carbon cycle functioning, as well as other services, to be recovered. Predicting the potential outcomes from any restoration project requires upfront consideration, including via modeling possible changes in carbon stocks. In this study, we quantified the carbon stocks in tall shrub vegetation proliferating in a degraded salt marsh that is currently the subject of an extensive restoration project. We produced allometric models to estimate biomass and carbon stocks for three tall shrub species, which, along with other freshwater and upland species in the area, will die with continued restoration. Therefore, estimating the potential for carbon losses in biomass is important. We also developed a means of estimating carbon stocks in other nontree plants in the estuary area. Useful equations for estimating the biomass of tall shrubs are limited in general and lacking for degraded systems. Our study adds to the literature on carbon stocks in shrub species and fills a data gap for degraded ecosystems. It also contributes to the broader carbon feasibility study of the aforementioned restoration project that was designed to predict the overall net impact of the project on greenhouse gas emissions in the ecosystem.
Natural Trap Cave, located in the Big Horn Mountains of north-central Wyoming, has a history of trapping and preserving a range of North American fauna that plummeted into the deep vertical entrance. These animal remains were buried and preserved within sediments of the main chamber and, in turn, have helped elucidate the procession of faunal dynamics during the latest glacial cycle. The cave location, south of the Laurentide and Cordilleran Ice Sheets, and proximal to Yellowstone, is at an ideal geographical juncture to provide insights to ecological changes in North America. The sediments that the animals are buried in inform us about transport and deposition both inside and outside of the cave that relate to catchment dynamics. We report on a series of optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) ages derived from samples obtained within the cave during excavation work in 2014 and in 2018. We also examine chronology produced by argon, tephrochronology, fission track, and luminescence techniques that have been used for understanding the infilling of the cave. The cave sediment ages and in situ measured gamma spectroscopy as measured in this study helped resolve an improved chronological age model when combined with previous data.
The suite of OSL ages is interpreted through the stratigraphic relationships (and vertebrates contained within) which requires the use of an adequate age model; we use either the central age model or minimum age model where appropriate and with justification. Lowest sediments are dated to ∼150 ka with a hiatus at ∼130 to 52 ka. Above this, sediment deposition and entrainment of paleontological materials are representative of Pleistocene and early Holocene times, between 37 ± 6 ka and 7.6 ± 0.5 ka. The stratigraphic architecture suggests that deposition of materials into the cave is episodic and rapid, followed by quiescent periods where hydrologic scour, heavy overland flow, or possibly a cryo-hydrologic process may have altered unit relationships. Thus, the complementary geochronometers and the characteristics of quartz versus feldspar luminescence signals improve temporal interpretations of these complex deposits. This adapted understanding of mixing also sets the stage for future work with the aim to improve our understanding of ages and sources for ash units within these cave deposits. The three ash units recognized in the cave may represent an in-situ reworking of the same ash or may be representative of previously undocumented eruptions from the Yellowstone Caldera.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2022.01.005","usgsCitation":"Mahan, S.A., Wood, J.R., Lovelace, D.M., Laden, J., McGuire, J., and Meachen, J., 2023, Luminescence ages and new interpretations of the timing and deposition of Quaternary sediments at Natural Trap Cave, Wyoming: Quaternary International, v. 647-648, p. 22-35, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2022.01.005.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"22","endPage":"35","ipdsId":"IP-130446","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":445542,"rank":3,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2022.01.005","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":435584,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9K8OYLG","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data Release for Luminescence: Luminescence data for Natural Trap Cave, Wyoming"},{"id":407047,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Natural Trap Cave","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.27438354492188,\n 44.79158175909386\n ],\n [\n -107.92282104492188,\n 44.79158175909386\n ],\n [\n -107.92282104492188,\n 45.00219463609633\n ],\n [\n -108.27438354492188,\n 45.00219463609633\n ],\n [\n -108.27438354492188,\n 44.79158175909386\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"647-648","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mahan, Shannon A. 0000-0001-5214-7774 smahan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5214-7774","contributorId":147159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahan","given":"Shannon","email":"smahan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":852335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wood, John R.","contributorId":265642,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wood","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":36189,"text":"National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":852336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lovelace, Dave M 0000-0002-0154-4777","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0154-4777","contributorId":296740,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lovelace","given":"Dave","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":64159,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Madison, Dept. of Geoscience","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":852337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Laden, Juan","contributorId":296741,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Laden","given":"Juan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":852338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McGuire, Jenny","contributorId":269803,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McGuire","given":"Jenny","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":56035,"text":"GA Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":852339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Meachen, Julie 0000-0002-2526-2045","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2526-2045","contributorId":296742,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meachen","given":"Julie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":64161,"text":"Des Moines University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":852340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70228207,"text":"70228207 - 2023 - The Hawai'i groundwater recharge tool","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-24T16:28:25.313428","indexId":"70228207","displayToPublicDate":"2022-02-07T09:04:46","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":10084,"text":"Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Hawai'i groundwater recharge tool","docAbstract":"This article discusses the design and implementation of the Hawai’i Groundwater\nRecharge Tool, an application for providing data and analyses of the impacts\nof land-cover modifications and changes in precipitation on groundwater-recharge\nrates for the island of O’ahu. This application uses simulation data based on a set of\n29 land-cover types and 2 precipitation conditions to provide users with real-time\nrecharge calculations for interactively defined land-cover modifications. The tool provides\ntwo visualizations, representing the land cover for the island and the resultant\ngroundwater-recharge rates, and a set of metrics indicating the changes to groundwater\nrecharge for relevant areas to present a set of easily interpretable outcomes based\non user-defined scenarios. Users have varying degrees of control over the granularity\nof data input and output, allowing for the quick production of a roughly defined scenario,\nor more precise land-cover definitions. These modifications can be exported for\nfurther analysis. Heuristics are used to provide a responsive user interface and performant\nintegration with the database containing the full set of simulation data. This\ntool is designed to provide user-friendly access to the information on the impacts of\nland-cover and precipitation changes on groundwater-recharge rates needed to assist\nin making data-driven decisions.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/cpe.6843","usgsCitation":"McLean, J.H., Cleveland, S.B., Rotzoll, K., Izuka, S.K., Leigh, J., Jacobs, G.A., and Theriot, R., 2023, The Hawai'i groundwater recharge tool: Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience, v. 35, no. 18, e6843, https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.6843.","productDescription":"e6843","ipdsId":"IP-119105","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":395528,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"O'ahu","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": 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H.","contributorId":217618,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McLean","given":"Jared","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":37291,"text":"University of Hawaii at Hilo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cleveland, Sean B.","contributorId":215893,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cleveland","given":"Sean","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":36402,"text":"University of Hawaii","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rotzoll, Kolja 0000-0002-5910-888X kolja@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5910-888X","contributorId":3325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rotzoll","given":"Kolja","email":"kolja@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":833419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Izuka, Scot K. 0000-0002-8758-9414 skizuka@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-9414","contributorId":2645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izuka","given":"Scot","email":"skizuka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":833420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Leigh, Jason","contributorId":220109,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leigh","given":"Jason","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36402,"text":"University of Hawaii","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jacobs, Gwen A.","contributorId":215071,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jacobs","given":"Gwen","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":36402,"text":"University of Hawaii","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Theriot, Ryan","contributorId":220110,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Theriot","given":"Ryan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39036,"text":"University of Hawaii at Manoa","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70227640,"text":"70227640 - 2023 - Winter habitat selection and efficacy of telemetry to aid Grass Carp removal efforts in a large reservoir","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-01T16:31:11.547001","indexId":"70227640","displayToPublicDate":"2022-01-24T08:59:28","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Winter habitat selection and efficacy of telemetry to aid Grass Carp removal efforts in a large reservoir","docAbstract":"Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idella were introduced in North America to control aquatic vegetation in small, closed systems. However, when they escape into larger systems in which they can reproduce, they have the potential to cause significant declines and alterations in aquatic vegetation communities. These alterations can in turn affect native species that are dependent on aquatic vegetation. Increased captures and observations of spawning have elevated concerns about Grass Carp establishment in new locations, with particular concern for establishment in Lake Erie and its tributaries. Recent efforts using telemetered fish that co-locate with wild conspecifics, sometimes in aggregations that are susceptible to harvest, have been used successfully to control invasive Common Carp Cyprinus carpio populations. If Grass Carp aggregate in winter similarly to Common Carp, they might be susceptible to similar control or harvest methods. During the winters (December–March) of 2017–2019, we tracked 86 Grass Carp tagged with acoustic transmitters in Truman Reservoir, Missouri, to evaluate winter habitat selection and to determine the effectiveness of using tagged fish in locating and removing wild fish by comparing harvest at locations of tagged fish to harvest at control sites that we believed were suitable Grass Carp habitat. Discrete-choice models showed that Grass Carp exhibited strong selection for shallow water, as 75% of locations were in littoral habitats with depths of 3 m or less. On average, we harvested more fish at sites where tagged fish were located (3.6 fish/attempt) than at control sites (1.2 fish/attempt). Full guts in individuals that were harvested may indicate that fish were using shallow-water habitats to feed. Our results suggested that Grass Carp did not usually form large winter aggregations, and although targeting locations with tagged fish slightly increased harvest success compared to efforts without them, efforts to reduce populations via harvest may be difficult in large systems when fish are widely dispersed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/nafm.10693","usgsCitation":"Hessler, T.M., Chapman, D., Paukert, C.P., Jolley, J., and Byrne, M.E., 2023, Winter habitat selection and efficacy of telemetry to aid Grass Carp removal efforts in a large reservoir: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 43, no. 1, p. 189-202, https://doi.org/10.1002/nafm.10693.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"189","endPage":"202","ipdsId":"IP-127038","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":445547,"rank":3,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nafm.10693","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":435585,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9A2R1G0","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Water quality, habitat, sampling methods and characteristics for grass carp in Truman Reservoir Missouri, 2017-2019"},{"id":394760,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","otherGeospatial":"Osage River, Pomme de Terre River, South Grand River, Tebo River, Truman Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.83148193359375,\n 38.004819966413194\n ],\n [\n -93.262939453125,\n 38.004819966413194\n ],\n [\n -93.262939453125,\n 38.39333888832238\n ],\n [\n -93.83148193359375,\n 38.39333888832238\n ],\n [\n -93.83148193359375,\n 38.004819966413194\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"43","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-10-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hessler, Tyler Michael 0000-0001-5062-2340","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5062-2340","contributorId":272075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hessler","given":"Tyler","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":831475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chapman, Duane 0000-0002-1086-8853 dchapman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1086-8853","contributorId":1291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapman","given":"Duane","email":"dchapman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":831476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paukert, Craig P. 0000-0002-9369-8545","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9369-8545","contributorId":245524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paukert","given":"Craig","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":831477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jolley, Jeff C.","contributorId":272076,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jolley","given":"Jeff C.","affiliations":[{"id":36986,"text":"Michigan Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":831478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Byrne, Michael E. 0000-0001-9190-2728 mbyrne@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9190-2728","contributorId":272077,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Byrne","given":"Michael","email":"mbyrne@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6754,"text":"University of Missouri","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":831479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70248690,"text":"70248690 - 2023 - Early Pliocene marine transgression into the lower Colorado River valley, southwestern USA, by re-flooding of a former tidal strait","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-18T16:44:00.412156","indexId":"70248690","displayToPublicDate":"2022-01-17T11:40:34","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Early Pliocene marine transgression into the lower Colorado River valley, southwestern USA, by re-flooding of a former tidal strait","docAbstract":"Marine straits and seaways are known to host a wide range of sedimentary processes and products, but the role of marine connections in the development of large river systems remains little studied. This study explores a hypothesis that shallow-marine waters flooded the lower Colorado River valley at c. 5 Ma along a fault-controlled former tidal strait, soon after the river was first integrated into the northern Gulf of California. The upper bioclastic member of the southern Bouse Formation provides a critical test of this hypothesis. The upper bioclastic member contains wave ripple-laminated bioclastic grainstone with minor red mudstone, pebbly grainstone with hummocky cross-stratification (HCS)-like stratification and symmetrical gravelly ripples, and calcareous-matrix conglomerate. Fossils include upward-branching segmented coralline-like red algae with no known modern relatives but confirmed as marine calcareous algae, echinoid spines, barnacles, shallow-marine foraminifers, clams, and serpulid worm tubes. These results provide evidence for deposition in a shallow-marine bay or estuary seaward of the transgressive backstepping Colorado River delta. Tsunamis generated by seismic and meteorological sources likely produced the HCS-like and wave-ripple cross-bedding in poorly-sorted gravelly grainstone. Marine waters inundated a former tidal strait within a fault-bounded tectonic lowland that connected the lower Colorado River to the Gulf of California. Delta backstepping and transgression resulted from a decrease in sediment output due to sediment trapping in upstream basins and relative sea-level rise produced by regional tectonic subsidence.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Straits and seaways: Controls, processes and implications in modern and ancient systems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of London","doi":"10.1144/SP523-2021-57","usgsCitation":"Dorsey, R., Braga, J.C., Gardner, K., McDougall-Reid, K., and O’Connell, B., 2023, Early Pliocene marine transgression into the lower Colorado River valley, southwestern USA, by re-flooding of a former tidal strait, chap. of Straits and seaways: Controls, processes and implications in modern and ancient systems, v. 523, p. 369-397, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP523-2021-57.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"369","endPage":"397","ipdsId":"IP-128308","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":445550,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1144/sp523-2021-57","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":420910,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California","otherGeospatial":"lower Colorado River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.04369108979155,\n 33.665780127848734\n ],\n [\n -115.04369108979155,\n 32.827424439473745\n ],\n [\n -114.230313401379,\n 32.827424439473745\n ],\n [\n -114.230313401379,\n 33.665780127848734\n ],\n [\n -115.04369108979155,\n 33.665780127848734\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"523","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-01-17","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dorsey, Rebecca","contributorId":140302,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dorsey","given":"Rebecca","affiliations":[{"id":6604,"text":"University of Oregon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":883223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Braga, Juan Carlos","contributorId":174204,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Braga","given":"Juan","email":"","middleInitial":"Carlos","affiliations":[{"id":13472,"text":"Universidad de Granada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":883224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gardner, Kevin 0000-0001-8018-4353","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8018-4353","contributorId":258281,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gardner","given":"Kevin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6604,"text":"University of Oregon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":883225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McDougall-Reid, Kristin 0000-0002-8788-3664","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8788-3664","contributorId":216211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDougall-Reid","given":"Kristin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":883226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"O’Connell, Brennan","contributorId":201373,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Connell","given":"Brennan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":883227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70248962,"text":"70248962 - 2023 - Signatures of high-latitude waves in observations of geomagnetic acceleration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-27T12:11:31.473735","indexId":"70248962","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-28T07:09:11","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Signatures of high-latitude waves in observations of geomagnetic acceleration","docAbstract":"Models for the second time-derivative of the geomagnetic field reveal prominent activity at high latitudes. Alternating patches of positive and negative geomagnetic acceleration propagate to the west at speeds that exceed nominal fluid velocities in the core. We show that waves are a viable interpretation of these observations. Magnetic Rossby waves produce a high-latitude response with suitable phase velocities. However, the spatial complexity of the prediction is not compatible with the observations. Our preferred interpretation involves zonal MAC waves. These waves can account for the observed geomagnetic field when a stratified layer exists at the top of the core. The required layer has a thickness in excess of 100 km and a buoyancy frequency comparable to the rotation frequency. We anticipate a gradual reduction in the phase velocity over time, leading to a future change in the propagation direction.