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Brewer’s sparrows (<i>Spizella breweri</i>) and sagebrush sparrows (<i>Artemisiospiza nevadensis</i>) share similar sagebrush (<i>Artemisia</i> spp.) habitats for breeding but have different population trends that might be related to winter location. To link breeding and winter ranges, we created isoscapes of deuterium [stable isotope ratio (δ) of deuterium; δ<sup>2</sup>H] and nitrogen (δ<sup>15</sup>N) for each species modeled from isotope ratios measured in feathers of 264 Brewer’s and 82 sagebrush sparrows and environmental characteristics at capture locations across their breeding range. We then used feather δ<sup>2</sup>H<sub>f</sub> and δ<sup>15</sup>N<sub>f</sub> measured in 1,029 Brewer’s and 527 sagebrush sparrows captured on winter locations in southwestern United States to assign probable breeding ranges. Intraspecies population mixing from across the breeding range was strong for both Brewer’s and sagebrush sparrows on winter ranges. Brewer’s sparrows but not sagebrush sparrows were linked to more northerly breeding locations in the eastern part of their winter range. Winter location was not related to breeding population trends estimated from US Geological Survey Breeding Bird Survey routes for either Brewer’s or sagebrush sparrows. Primary drivers of population dynamics are likely independent for each species; Brewer’s and sagebrush sparrows captured at the same winter location did not share predicted breeding locations or population trends. The diffuse migratory connectivity displayed by Brewer’s and sagebrush sparrows measured at the coarse spatial resolution in our analysis also suggests that local environments rather than broad regional characteristics are primary drivers of annual population trends.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Oecologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer Berlin Heidelberg","doi":"10.1007/s00442-013-2791-8","usgsCitation":"Knick, S.T., Leu, M., Rotenberry, J.T., Hanser, S.E., and Fesenmyer, K., 2014, Diffuse migratory connectivity in two species of shrubland birds: evidence from stable isotopes: Oecologia, v. 174, no. 2, p. 595-608, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-013-2791-8.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"595","endPage":"608","numberOfPages":"14","ipdsId":"IP-043572","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473110,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5xv473nm","text":"External Repository"},{"id":283838,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":283432,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-013-2791-8"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -125.73,30.86 ], [ -125.73,53.38 ], [ -100.2,53.38 ], [ -100.2,30.86 ], [ -125.73,30.86 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"174","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-10-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517033e4b05569d805a1bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knick, Steven T. 0000-0003-4025-1704 steve_knick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4025-1704","contributorId":159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knick","given":"Steven","email":"steve_knick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leu, Matthias","contributorId":68393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leu","given":"Matthias","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rotenberry, John T.","contributorId":60121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rotenberry","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hanser, Steven E.","contributorId":99273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanser","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fesenmyer, Kurt","contributorId":105640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fesenmyer","given":"Kurt","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70056590,"text":"sim3276 - 2014 - Detailed cross sections of the Eocene Green River Formation along the north and east margins of the Piceance Basin, western Colorado, using measured sections and drill hole information","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-11T10:16:24","indexId":"sim3276","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-11T10:02:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3276","title":"Detailed cross sections of the Eocene Green River Formation along the north and east margins of the Piceance Basin, western Colorado, using measured sections and drill hole information","docAbstract":"This report presents two detailed cross sections of the Eocene Green River Formation in the Piceance Basin, northwestern Colorado, constructed from eight detailed measured sections, fourteen core holes, and two rotary holes. The Eocene Green River Formation in the Piceance Basin contains the world’s largest known oil shale deposit with more than 1.5 billion barrels of oil in place. It was deposited in Lake Uinta, a long-lived saline lake that once covered much of the Piceance Basin and the Uinta Basin to the west. The cross sections extend across the northern and eastern margins of the Piceance Basin and are intended to aid in correlating between surface sections and the subsurface in the basin.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3276","usgsCitation":"Johnson, R.C., 2014, Detailed cross sections of the Eocene Green River Formation along the north and east margins of the Piceance Basin, western Colorado, using measured sections and drill hole information: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3276, Report: iv, 11 p.; 2 Sheets: 179.0 x 74.0 inches and 127.0 x 91.0 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3276.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 11 p.; 2 Sheets: 179.0 x 74.0 inches and 127.0 x 91.0 inches","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-049343","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":283801,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":283767,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3276/"},{"id":283800,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3276/pdf/sim3276_sheet2.pdf"},{"id":283798,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3276/pdf/sim3276_pamphlet.pdf"},{"id":283799,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3276/pdf/sim3276_sheet1.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Piceance Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.28,38.0 ], [ -112.28,43.51 ], [ -106.18,43.51 ], [ -106.18,38.0 ], [ -112.28,38.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5459e4b0b290850f5ae8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Ronald C. 0000-0002-6197-5165 rcjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6197-5165","contributorId":1550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Ronald","email":"rcjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70095212,"text":"sim3291 - 2014 - Geologic map of the Kechumstuk fault zone in the Mount Veta area, Fortymile mining district, east-central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-16T14:36:03.296289","indexId":"sim3291","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-10T06:42:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3291","title":"Geologic map of the Kechumstuk fault zone in the Mount Veta area, Fortymile mining district, east-central Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>This map was developed by the U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Resources Program to depict the fundamental geologic features for the western part of the Fortymile mining district of east-central Alaska, and to delineate the location of known bedrock mineral prospects and their relationship to rock types and structural features.</p><p>This geospatial map database presents a 1:63,360-scale geologic map for the Kechumstuk fault zone and surrounding area, which lies 55 km northwest of Chicken, Alaska. The Kechumstuk fault zone is a northeast-trending zone of faults that transects the crystalline basement rocks of the Yukon-Tanana Upland of the western part of the Fortymile mining district. The crystalline basement rocks include Paleozoic metasedimentary and metaigneous rocks as well as granitoid intrusions of Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous age. The geologic units represented by polygons in this dataset are based on new geologic mapping and geochronological data coupled with an interpretation of regional and new geophysical data collected by the Alaska Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys. The geochronological data are reported in the accompanying geologic map text and represent new U-Pb dates on zircons collected from the igneous and metaigneous units within the map area.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3291","usgsCitation":"Day, W.C., O’Neill, J., Dusel-Bacon, C., Aleinikoff, J.N., and Siron, C.R., 2014, Geologic map of the Kechumstuk fault zone in the Mount Veta area, Fortymile mining district, east-central Alaska (Version 1.1: March 12, 2014; Version 1.0: March 10, 201): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3291, 1 Plate: 45.00 x 36.00 inches; HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3291.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 45.00 x 36.00 inches; HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-051711","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":375617,"rank":4,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3291/images/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":283773,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3291/downloads/"},{"id":283772,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3291/pdf/SIM3291.pdf"},{"id":283667,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3291/"}],"scale":"63360","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"1927 North American Datum","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Fortymile Mining District","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -143.4,64.0 ], [ -143.4,64.25 ], [ -142.666667,64.25 ], [ -142.666667,64.0 ], [ -143.4,64.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.1: March 12, 2014; Version 1.0: March 10, 201","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5c9de4b0b290850fa987","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Day, Warren C. 0000-0002-9278-2120 wday@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9278-2120","contributorId":1308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day","given":"Warren","email":"wday@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Neill, J. Michael","contributorId":98210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neill","given":"J. Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dusel-Bacon, Cynthia 0000-0001-8481-739X cdusel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8481-739X","contributorId":2797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dusel-Bacon","given":"Cynthia","email":"cdusel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Aleinikoff, John N. 0000-0003-3494-6841 jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3494-6841","contributorId":1478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aleinikoff","given":"John","email":"jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Siron, Christopher R.","contributorId":106410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siron","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70094668,"text":"fs20143018 - 2014 - The 1964 Great Alaska Earthquake and tsunamis: A modern perspective and enduring legacies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-06-23T21:34:55.798864","indexId":"fs20143018","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-05T08:09:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-3018","title":"The 1964 Great Alaska Earthquake and tsunamis: A modern perspective and enduring legacies","docAbstract":"The magnitude 9.2 Great Alaska Earthquake that struck south-central Alaska at 5:36 p.m. on Friday, March 27, 1964, is the largest recorded earthquake in U.S. history and the second-largest earthquake recorded with modern instruments. The earthquake was felt throughout most of mainland Alaska, as far west as Dutch Harbor in the Aleutian Islands some 480 miles away, and at Seattle, Washington, more than 1,200 miles to the southeast of the fault rupture, where the Space Needle swayed perceptibly. The earthquake caused rivers, lakes, and other waterways to slosh as far away as the coasts of Texas and Louisiana. Water-level recorders in 47 states—the entire Nation except for Connecticut, Delaware, and Rhode Island— registered the earthquake. It was so large that it caused the entire Earth to ring like a bell: vibrations that were among the first of their kind ever recorded by modern instruments. The Great Alaska Earthquake spawned thousands of lesser aftershocks and hundreds of damaging landslides, submarine slumps, and other ground failures. Alaska’s largest city, Anchorage, located west of the fault rupture, sustained heavy property damage. Tsunamis produced by the earthquake resulted in deaths and damage as far away as Oregon and California. Altogether the earthquake and subsequent tsunamis caused 129 fatalities and an estimated $2.3 billion in property losses (in 2013 dollars). Most of the population of Alaska and its major transportation routes, ports, and infrastructure lie near the eastern segment of the Aleutian Trench that ruptured in the 1964 earthquake. Although the Great Alaska Earthquake was tragic because of the loss of life and property, it provided a wealth of data about subductionzone earthquakes and the hazards they pose. The leap in scientific understanding that followed the 1964 earthquake has led to major breakthroughs in earth science research worldwide over the past half century. This fact sheet commemorates Great Alaska Earthquake and examines the advances in knowledge and technology that have helped to improve earthquake preparation and response both in Alaska and around the world.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20143018","usgsCitation":"Brocher, T.M., Filson, J.R., Fuis, G.S., Haeussler, P.J., Holzer, T.L., Plafker, G., and Blair, J., 2014, The 1964 Great Alaska Earthquake and tsunamis: a modern perspective and enduring legacies: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2014-3018, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20143018.","productDescription":"6 p.","ipdsId":"IP-053855","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":283365,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3018/pdf/fs2014-3018.pdf"},{"id":283364,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3018/"},{"id":505796,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_99646.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":283366,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20143018.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -158.2,55.2 ], [ -158.2,64.1 ], [ -137.2,64.1 ], [ -137.2,55.2 ], [ -158.2,55.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517066e4b05569d805a3e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brocher, Thomas M. 0000-0002-9740-839X brocher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9740-839X","contributorId":262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brocher","given":"Thomas","email":"brocher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Filson, John R. 0000-0001-8840-6301 jfilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8840-6301","contributorId":5078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Filson","given":"John","email":"jfilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fuis, Gary S. 0000-0002-3078-1544 fuis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3078-1544","contributorId":2639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuis","given":"Gary","email":"fuis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Holzer, Thomas L. tholzer@usgs.gov","contributorId":2829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holzer","given":"Thomas","email":"tholzer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Plafker, George","contributorId":3920,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Plafker","given":"George","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Blair, J. Luke","contributorId":102573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blair","given":"J. Luke","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70202701,"text":"70202701 - 2014 - Significance of carbon dioxide density estimates for basin-scale storage resource assessments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-19T12:34:41","indexId":"70202701","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-03T12:21:19","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5215,"text":"Energy Procedia","onlineIssn":"1876-6102","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Significance of carbon dioxide density estimates for basin-scale storage resource assessments","title":"Significance of carbon dioxide density estimates for basin-scale storage resource assessments","docAbstract":"<p><span>The geologic carbon dioxide (CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>) storage resource size is a function of the density of CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;in the subsurface. The pressure and temperature of the storage reservoir at depth affect the CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;density. Therefore, knowing these subsurface conditions allows for improved resource estimates of potential geologic CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;storage capacity. In 2012, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) completed an assessment of geologic CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;storage resources for large sedimentary basins in onshore and State waters areas of the U.S. Evaluating the subsurface conditions and CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;density in these basins was integral to the assessment. To better understand these conditions, investigations of pressure and temperature gradients, typically derived from borehole data and analog studies, were assembled at the basin scale. Based on the USGS assessment results and findings here, changes in subsurface pressure and temperature may yield density changes up to 40 percent, which may translate into significant changes in storage resource estimates.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.543","issn":"1876-6102","usgsCitation":"Buursink, M.L., 2014, Significance of carbon dioxide density estimates for basin-scale storage resource assessments: Energy Procedia, v. 63, p. 5130-5140, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.543.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"5130","endPage":"5140","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473127,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.543","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":362179,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buursink, Marc L. 0000-0001-6491-386X mbuursink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6491-386X","contributorId":3362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buursink","given":"Marc","email":"mbuursink@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":759542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70100431,"text":"70100431 - 2014 - Pacific Continental Shelf Environmental Assessment (PaCSEA): aerial seabird and marine mammal surveys off northern California, Oregon, and Washington, 2011-2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-23T09:09:36","indexId":"70100431","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-01T14:36:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5,"text":"BOEM","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"2014-003","title":"Pacific Continental Shelf Environmental Assessment (PaCSEA): aerial seabird and marine mammal surveys off northern California, Oregon, and Washington, 2011-2012","docAbstract":"<p>Marine birds and mammals comprise an important community of meso- and upper-trophic-level predators within the northern California Current System (NCCS). The NCCS is located within one of the world’s four major eastern boundary currents and is characterized by an abundant and diverse marine ecosystem fuelled seasonally by wind-driven upwelling which supplies nutrient-rich water to abundant phytoplankton inhabiting the surface euphotic zone. The oceanographic conditions throughout the NCCS fluctuate according to well-described seasonal, inter-annual, and decadal cycles. Such oceanographic variability can influence patterns in the distribution, abundance, and habitat use among marine birds and mammals. Although there are an increasing number of studies documenting distributions and abundances among birds and mammals in various portions of the NCCS, there have been no comprehensive, large-scale, multi-seasonal surveys completed throughout this region since the early 1980s (off northern California; Briggs et al. 1987) and early 1990s (off Oregon and Washington; Bonnell et al. 1992, Briggs et al. 1992, Green et al. 1992). During 2011 and 2012, we completed the Pacific Continental Shelf Environmental Assessment (PaCSEA) which included replicated surveys over the continental shelfslope from shore to the 2000-meter (m) isobath along 32 broad-scale transects from Fort Bragg, California (39° N) through Grays Harbor, Washington (47° N). Additionally, surveys at a finer scale were conducted over the continental shelf within six designated Focal Areas: Fort Bragg, CA; Eureka, CA; Siltcoos Bank, OR; Newport, OR; Nehalem Bank, OR; and Grays Harbor, WA. We completed a total of 26,752 km of standardized, low-elevation aerial survey effort across three bathymetric domains: inner-shelf waters (<100-m depth), outer shelf waters (100 – 200-m depth) and continental slope waters (200 – 2000-m depth). Survey effort was similar among seasons (winter, summer, and fall) and between years and varied according to the three bathymetric domains: 47% (12,646 km) covered the continental slope, 33% (8887 km) covered the inner-shelf (0 – 100-m depth), and 20% (5,219 km) covered the outer-shelf.</p>\n<br>\n<p>Overall, we recorded 15,403 sightings of 59,466 individual marine birds (12 families, 54 species). During winter, seven species groupings comprised >90% of the total number of birds counted (19,033) with Common Murres (Uria aalge) representing the majority of individuals counted (70.4% of total). The remaining six most abundant taxa included: Surf/White-winged Scoters (Melanitta perspicillata/M. fusca; 4.8% of total), Herring/Thayer’s Gulls (Larus argentatus/L. thayeri; 3.8% of total), Cassin’s Auklets (Ptychoramphus aleuticus; 3.8% of total), Glaucous-winged Gulls (Larus glaucescens; 3.7% of total), Black-legged Kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla; 2.0% of total), and Western Gulls (Larus occidentalis; 1.9% of total). During summer, five species comprised >95% of the total number of birds counted (17,063) with the majority comprised of Common Murres (54.1% of total) and Sooty Shearwaters (Puffinus griseus; 34.4% of total). The remaining most abundant three taxa included: Fork-tailed Storm-Petrels (Oceanodroma furcata; 3.3% of total), Western Gulls (2.1% of total), and Leach’s Storm-Petrels (Oceanodroma leucorhoa; 1.1% of total). During fall, nine species comprised >85% of the total number of birds counted (23,376) with the majority comprised of Common Murres (50.0% of total) and Sooty Shearwaters (10.5% of total). The remaining seven taxa included Cassin’s Auklets (5.2% of total), Surf/White-winged Scoters (5.1% of total), Fork-tailed Storm-Petrels (3.8% of total), Red/Red-necked Phalaropes (Phalaropus fulicarius/P. lobatus; 3.2% of total), California Gulls (Larus californicus; 3.1% of total), Northern Fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis; 2.7% of total), and Sabine’s Gulls (Xema sabini; 2.2% of total). Throughout the entire PaCSEA survey area, average densities (± SE) at sea for all marine birds combined were similar between fall (23.7 ± 1.9 birds km<sup>-2</sup>) and winter (24.0 ± 1.9 birds km<sup>-2</sup>) and least during summer (16.3 ± 2.2 birds km<sup>-2</sup>). Marine bird densities at sea varied according to bathymetric domain and season. Throughout the entire PaCSEA study area average densities (± SE) for all marine birds combined were greatest over the inner-shelf domain (<100-m depth) during fall (49.4 ± 5.0 birds km<sup>-2</sup>) and similar during winter (37.4 ± 4.6 birds km<sup>-2</sup>) and summer (37.5 ± 6.4 birds km<sup>-2</sup>). Within the outer-shelf domain (100 – 200-m depth), average densities for all marine birds combined were greatest during winter (34.6 ± 4.2 birds km-2), lesser during fall (16.2 ± 1.7 birds km-2), and least during summer (6.9 ± 1.1 birds km-2). Within the farthest offshore waters over the continental slope domain (200 – 2000-m depth) average densities for all marine birds combined were greatest during fall (10.0 ± 2.2 birds km<sup>-2</sup>) and winter (9.3 ± 1.5 birds km<sup>-2</sup>), and lesser during summer (6.2 ± 1.4 birds km<sup>-2</sup>).</p>\n<br>\n<p>We observed 16 cetacean species and five pinniped species. Among the Mysticeti (baleen whales), humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) were most frequently observed (114 sightings of 264 individuals) during summer and fall mostly over the outer-shelf and slope waters, however, individuals were also seen within the Siltcoos, Nehalem, Fort Bragg, and Eureka Focal Areas. We recorded 11 Odontoceti (toothed whale) species. Harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) were the most frequently sighted (164 sightings of 270 individuals). Harbor porpoises were present year-round and most frequently sighted within the inner-shelf domain throughout the entire study area in all seasons. Harbor porpoises occurred in all six Focal Areas, with noteworthy aggregations within the Eureka, Siltcoos, and Grays Harbor Focal Areas.</p>\n<br>\n<p>We recorded 246 sightings of 375 individual pinnipeds (5 species). California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) were the most frequently sighted and were present year-round with slightly more sightings recorded during the fall. California sea lions showed a decreasing frequency of sightings and relative abundance with distance from shore across the bathymetric domains surveyed, being most frequently observed over the inner-shelf. Northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris), harbor seals (Phoca vitulina), and northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) were observed occasionally during all seasons with harbor seals occurring nearshore (usually within 10 km of the coast) and northern fur seals almost exclusively beyond the shelf break (> 200-m depth), especially during winter off Oregon and Washington. Northern (Steller’s) sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) were uncommonly sighted during winter and fall.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Bureau of Ocean Energy Management","collaboration":"Prepared under Interagency Agreement M10PG00081","usgsCitation":"Adams, J., Felis, J.J., Mason, J.W., and Takekawa, J.Y., 2014, Pacific Continental Shelf Environmental Assessment (PaCSEA): aerial seabird and marine mammal surveys off northern California, Oregon, and Washington, 2011-2012: BOEM 2014-003, viii, 257 p.","productDescription":"viii, 257 p.","numberOfPages":"266","temporalStart":"2011-01-01","temporalEnd":"2012-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-054329","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287701,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":285205,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.boem.gov/2014-003/"}],"country":"United States","state":"California;Oregon;Washington","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -127.0,39.0 ], [ -127.0,47.0 ], [ -119.0,47.0 ], [ -119.0,39.0 ], [ -127.0,39.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53870570e4b0aa26cd7b53e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adams, Josh 0000-0003-3056-925X josh_adams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3056-925X","contributorId":2422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Josh","email":"josh_adams@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Felis, Jonathan J. 0000-0002-0608-8950 jfelis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0608-8950","contributorId":4825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Felis","given":"Jonathan","email":"jfelis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mason, John W.","contributorId":42881,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mason","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":6913,"text":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":492210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":492207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70157144,"text":"70157144 - 2014 - A deglacial and Holocene record of climate variability in south-central Alaska from stable oxygen isotopes and plant macrofossils in peat","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-30T11:21:18","indexId":"70157144","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-01T12:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A deglacial and Holocene record of climate variability in south-central Alaska from stable oxygen isotopes and plant macrofossils in peat","docAbstract":"<p><span>We used stable oxygen isotopes derived from bulk peat (&delta;</span><sup>18</sup><span>O</span><sub>TOM</sub><span>), in conjunction with plant macrofossils and previously published carbon accumulation records, in a &sim;14,500&nbsp;cal yr BP peat core (HT Fen) from the Kenai lowlands in south-central Alaska to reconstruct the climate history of the area. We find that patterns are broadly consistent with those from lacustrine records across the region, and agree with the interpretation that major shifts in &delta;</span><sup>18</sup><span>O</span><sub>TOM</sub><span>&nbsp;values indicate changes in strength and position of the Aleutian Low (AL), a semi-permanent low-pressure cell that delivers winter moisture to the region. We find decreased strength or a more westerly position of the AL (relatively higher &delta;</span><sup>18</sup><span>O</span><sub>TOM</sub><span>&nbsp;values) during the B&oslash;lling-Aller&oslash;d, Holocene Thermal Maximum (HTM), and late Holocene, which also correspond to warmer climate regimes. These intervals coincide with greater peat preservation and enhanced carbon (C) accumulation rates at the HT Fen and with peatland expansion across Alaska. The HTM in particular may have experienced greater summer precipitation as a result of an enhanced Pacific subtropical high, a pattern consistent with modern &delta;</span><sup>18</sup><span>O values for summer precipitation. The combined warm summer temperatures and greater summer precipitation helped promote the observed rapid peat accumulation. A strengthened AL (relatively lower &delta;</span><sup>18</sup><span>O</span><sub>TOM</sub><span>&nbsp;values) is most evident during the Younger Dryas, Neoglaciation, and the Little Ice Age, consistent with lower peat preservation and C accumulation at the HT Fen, suggesting less precipitation reaches the leeward side of the Kenai Mountains during periods of enhanced AL strength. The peatlands on the Kenai Peninsula thrive when the AL is weak and the contribution of summer precipitation is higher, highlighting the importance of precipitation seasonality in promoting peat accumulation. This study demonstrates that &delta;</span><sup>18</sup><span>O</span><sub>TOM</sub><span>&nbsp;values in peat can be applied toward understand large-scale shifts in atmospheric circulation over millennial timescales.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Pergamon Press","publisherLocation":"Kidlington, United Kingdom","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.12.025","usgsCitation":"Jones, M.C., Wooller, M., and Peteet, D.M., 2014, A deglacial and Holocene record of climate variability in south-central Alaska from stable oxygen isotopes and plant macrofossils in peat: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 87, p. 1-11, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.12.025.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"11","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052895","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473132,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20140017637","text":"External Repository"},{"id":309370,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","volume":"87","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"560d07ace4b058f706e542f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Miriam C. 0000-0002-6650-7619 miriamjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6650-7619","contributorId":4056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Miriam","email":"miriamjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":571853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wooller, Matthew J.","contributorId":24213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooller","given":"Matthew J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peteet, Dorothy M. 0000-0003-3029-7506","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3029-7506","contributorId":147523,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peteet","given":"Dorothy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16858,"text":"Goddard Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70095738,"text":"70095738 - 2014 - Dynamic hyporheic exchange at intermediate timescales: testing the relative importance of evapotranspiration and flood pulses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-11T12:11:59","indexId":"70095738","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-01T11:54:21","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dynamic hyporheic exchange at intermediate timescales: testing the relative importance of evapotranspiration and flood pulses","docAbstract":"Hyporheic fluxes influence ecological processes across a continuum of timescales. However, few studies have been able to characterize hyporheic fluxes and residence time distributions (RTDs) over timescales of days to years, during which evapotranspiration (ET) and seasonal flood pulses create unsteady forcing. Here we present a data-driven, particle-tracking piston model that characterizes hyporheic fluxes and RTDs based on measured vertical head differences. We used the model to test the relative influence of ET and seasonal flood pulses in the Everglades (FL, USA), in a manner applicable to other low-energy floodplains or broad, shallow streams. We found that over the multiyear timescale, flood pulses that drive relatively deep (∼1 m) flow paths had the dominant influence on hyporheic fluxes and residence times but that ET effects were discernible at shorter timescales (weeks to months) as a break in RTDs. Cumulative RTDs on either side of the break were generally well represented by lognormal functions, except for when ET was strong and none of the standard distributions applied to the shorter timescale. At the monthly timescale, ET increased hyporheic fluxes by 1–2 orders of magnitude; it also decreased 6 year mean residence times by 53–87%. Long, slow flow paths driven by flood pulses increased 6 year hyporheic fluxes by another 1–2 orders of magnitude, to a level comparable to that induced over the short term by shear flow in streams. Results suggest that models of intermediate-timescale processes should include at least two-storage zones with different RTDs, and that supporting field data collection occur over 3–4 years.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/2013WR014195","usgsCitation":"Larsen, L., Harvey, J.W., and Maglio, M.M., 2014, Dynamic hyporheic exchange at intermediate timescales: testing the relative importance of evapotranspiration and flood pulses: Water Resources Research, v. 50, no. 1, p. 318-335, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013WR014195.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"318","endPage":"335","ipdsId":"IP-052076","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473134,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2013wr014195","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":283831,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":283701,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2013WR014195"},{"id":283702,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2013WR014195/abstract"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81,5.555555555555556E-4 ], [ -81,5.555555555555556E-4 ], [ -80,5.555555555555556E-4 ], [ -80,5.555555555555556E-4 ], [ -81,5.555555555555556E-4 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"50","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-01-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517034e4b05569d805a1cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larsen, Laurel G.","contributorId":42111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"Laurel G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harvey, Judson W. 0000-0002-2654-9873 jwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":1796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Judson","email":"jwharvey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Maglio, Morgan M. mmaglio@usgs.gov","contributorId":3991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maglio","given":"Morgan","email":"mmaglio@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70095724,"text":"70095724 - 2014 - Characteristic length scales and time-averaged transport velocities of suspended sediment in the mid-Atlantic Region, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-29T15:43:32","indexId":"70095724","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-01T11:41:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characteristic length scales and time-averaged transport velocities of suspended sediment in the mid-Atlantic Region, USA","docAbstract":"<p>Watershed Best Management Practices (BMPs) are often designed to reduce loading from particle-borne contaminants, but the temporal lag between BMP implementation and improvement in receiving water quality is difficult to assess because particles are only moved downstream episodically, resting for long periods in storage between transport events. A theory is developed that describes the downstream movement of suspended sediment particles accounting for the time particles spend in storage given sediment budget data (by grain size fraction) and information on particle transit times through storage reservoirs. The theory is used to define a suspended sediment transport length scale that describes how far particles are carried during transport events, and to estimate a downstream particle velocity that includes time spent in storage. At 5 upland watersheds of the mid-Atlantic region, transport length scales for silt-clay range from 4 to 60 km, while those for sand range from 0.4 to 113 km. Mean sediment velocities for silt-clay range from 0.0072 km/yr to 0.12 km/yr, while those for sand range from 0.0008 km/yr to 0.20 km/yr, 4&ndash;6 orders of magnitude slower than the velocity of water in the channel. These results suggest lag times of 100&ndash;1000 years between BMP implementation and effectiveness in receiving waters such as the Chesapeake Bay (where BMPs are located upstream of the characteristic transport length scale). Many particles likely travel much faster than these average values, so further research is needed to determine the complete distribution of suspended sediment velocities in real watersheds.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2013WR014485","usgsCitation":"Pizzuto, J., Schenk, E.R., Hupp, C.R., Gellis, A., Noe, G., Williamson, E., Karwan, D.L., O'Neal, M., Marquard, J., Aalto, R.E., and Newbold, D., 2014, Characteristic length scales and time-averaged transport velocities of suspended sediment in the mid-Atlantic Region, USA: Water Resources Research, v. 50, no. 2, p. 790-805, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013WR014485.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"790","endPage":"805","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052956","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473135,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2013wr014485","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":283829,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -78.365478515625,\n              38.77121637244273\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.365478515625,\n              40.713955826286046\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.2783203125,\n              40.713955826286046\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.3,\n              38.77121637244273\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.365478515625,\n              38.77121637244273\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"50","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-02-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5351702ce4b05569d805a18e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pizzuto, James","contributorId":12366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pizzuto","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schenk, Edward R. 0000-0001-6886-5754 eschenk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6886-5754","contributorId":2183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schenk","given":"Edward","email":"eschenk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hupp, Cliff R. 0000-0003-1853-9197 crhupp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1853-9197","contributorId":2344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hupp","given":"Cliff","email":"crhupp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gellis, Allen","contributorId":37051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gellis","given":"Allen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Noe, Greg","contributorId":18650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noe","given":"Greg","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Williamson, Elyse","contributorId":66597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williamson","given":"Elyse","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Karwan, Diana L.","contributorId":90211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karwan","given":"Diana","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"O'Neal, Michael","contributorId":73499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Neal","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Marquard, Julia","contributorId":98631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marquard","given":"Julia","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Aalto, Rolf E.","contributorId":52486,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aalto","given":"Rolf","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":17840,"text":"University of Exeter","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":491397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Newbold, Denis","contributorId":12367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newbold","given":"Denis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70160811,"text":"70160811 - 2014 - Benthic prey fish assessment, Lake Ontario 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-05T12:20:58","indexId":"70160811","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5114,"text":"NYSDEC Lake Ontario Annual Report ","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"2013","chapter":"12","title":"Benthic prey fish assessment, Lake Ontario 2013","docAbstract":"<p>The 2013 benthic fish assessment was delayed and shortened as a result of the U.S. Government shutdown, however the assessment collected 51 of the 62 planned bottom trawls. </p><p>Over the past 34 years, Slimy Sculpin abundance in Lake Ontario has fluctuated, but ultimately decreased by two orders of magnitude, with a substantial decline occurring in the past 10 years. The 2013 Slimy Sculpin mean bottom trawl catch density (0.001 ind.·m-2, s.d.= 0.0017, n = 52) and mean biomass density (0.015 g·m-2 , s.d.= 0.038, n = 52) were the lowest recorded in the 27 years of sampling using the original bottom trawl design. From 2011-2013, the Slimy Sculpin density and biomass density has decreased by approximately 50% each year. Spring bottom trawl catches illustrate Slimy Sculpin and Round Goby Neogobius melanostoma winter habitat overlaps for as much as 7 months out of a year, providing opportunities for competition and predation. Invasive species, salmonid piscivory, and declines in native benthic invertebrates are likely all important drivers of Slimy Sculpin population dynamics in Lake Ontario.</p><p> Deepwater Sculpin Myoxocephalus thompsonii, considered rare or absent from Lake Ontario for 30 years, have generally increased over the past eight years. For the first time since they were caught in this assessment, Deepwater Sculpin density and biomass density estimates declined from the previous year. The 2013 abundance and density estimates for trawls covering the standard depths from 60m to 150m was 0.0001 fish per square meter and 0.0028 grams per square meter. In 2013, very few small (&lt; 80 mm) Deepwater Sculpin were caught and most sculpin were at sites of 150 meters or greater, which is in contrast to previous years when juvenile fish were caught around 80-100 meters. The reduced effort and late seasonal timing of the 2013 assessment make it difficult to have high confidence in declines observed in 2013, however observed Alewife Alosa psuedoharengus abundance increases and reduced juvenile Deepwater Sculpin catches are consistent with the hypothesis that Alewife negatively influence Deepwater Sculpin recruitment. </p><p>Nonnative Round Gobies were first detected in the USGS/NYSDEC Lake Ontario spring Alewife assessment in 2002. Since that assessment, observations indicate their population has expanded and they are now found along the entire south shore of Lake Ontario, with the highest densities in U.S. waters just east of the Niagara River confluence. In the 2013 spring-based assessment, both the abundance and weight indices increased slightly as compared to 2012. The number index value of 16.6 was 30% of the maximum number observed in 2008 when the number index was 95.2. Round Goby density estimates from the 2013 fall benthic prey fish survey were 33 times greater than fall Slimy Sculpin density, indicating Round Goby are now the dominant Lake Ontario benthic prey fish. </p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"2013 Annual report: Bureau of Fisheries, Lake Ontario unit and St. Lawrence River unit, to the Great Lakes Fishery Commission’s Lake Ontario Committee","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"conferenceTitle":"Lake Ontario Committee Meeting","conferenceDate":"March 26-27, 2014","conferenceLocation":"Windsor, ON","language":"English","publisher":"New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","publisherLocation":"Albany, NY","usgsCitation":"Weidel, B., Walsh, M., and Connerton, M., 2014, Benthic prey fish assessment, Lake Ontario 2013: NYSDEC Lake Ontario Annual Report  2013, 9 p.","productDescription":"9 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,{"id":70160809,"text":"70160809 - 2014 - Double-crested Cormorant studies at Little Galloo Island, Lake Ontario in 2013: Diet composition, fish consumption and the efficacy of management activities in reducing fish predation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-05T12:27:57","indexId":"70160809","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5114,"text":"NYSDEC Lake Ontario Annual Report ","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"2013","chapter":"14","title":"Double-crested Cormorant studies at Little Galloo Island, Lake Ontario in 2013: Diet composition, fish consumption and the efficacy of management activities in reducing fish predation","docAbstract":"<p>For almost two decades Little Galloo Island (LGI) has supported a large colony of Double-crested Cormorants (<i>Phalacrocorax auritus</i>) in the eastern basin of Lake Ontario. Cormorant nest counts on the island since the early 1990's have averaged 4,297 per year. However, less than 2,000 pairs have nested on the island in three of the past five years. The highest count was reached in 1996 with 8,410 nesting pairs on the island. Johnson et al. (2013) estimated that cormorants from LGI alone have consumed 504 million fish since 1992. The proliferation of cormorants in the eastern basin of Lake Ontario coincided with declines in two important recreational fish species, smallmouth bass (<i>Micropterus dolemieu</i>) and yellow perch (<i>Perca falvescens</i>). Lantry et al. (2002) and Burnett et al. (2002) provide convincing evidence linking cormorant population increases to declining eastern basin smallmouth bass and yellow perch stocks. Decline of these fish stocks was evident only in the eastern basin, suggesting a localized problem, which is consistent with the halo effect where large piscivorous waterbird colonies may deplete local fish stocks (Birt et al. 1987). The year 2013 marked the twenty second consecutive year of study of the food habits and fish consumption of LGI cormorants and the fifteenth consecutive year evaluating the efficacy of management activities to control the reproductive success of cormorants nesting at LGI. The program consists mainly of spraying cormorant eggs with food grade vegetable oil as well as the culling of adult and immature birds. This paper reports the findings of work carried out in 2013 at LGI.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"2013 Annual report: Bureau of Fisheries, Lake Ontario unit and St. Lawrence River unit, to the Great Lakes Fishery Commission’s Lake Ontario Committee","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"conferenceTitle":"Lake Ontario Committee Meeting","conferenceDate":"March 26-27, 2014","conferenceLocation":"Windsor, ON","language":"English","publisher":"New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","publisherLocation":"Albany, NY","usgsCitation":"Johnson, J.H., McCullough, R., and Mazzocchi, I., 2014, Double-crested Cormorant studies at Little Galloo Island, Lake Ontario in 2013: Diet composition, fish consumption and the efficacy of management activities in reducing fish predation: NYSDEC Lake Ontario Annual Report  2013, 11 p. .","productDescription":"11 p. ","startPage":"14-1","endPage":"14-11","ipdsId":"IP-055100","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336282,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":351412,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://purl.nysed.gov/nysl/889897048"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Jefferson County","otherGeospatial":"Little Galloo Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -76.4015007019043,\n              43.88156238958827\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.39068603515625,\n              43.88156238958827\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.39068603515625,\n              43.89071763893143\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.4015007019043,\n              43.89071763893143\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.4015007019043,\n              43.88156238958827\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b548c3e4b01ccd54fddfd6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, James H. 0000-0002-5619-3871 jhjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5619-3871","contributorId":389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"James","email":"jhjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":583984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCullough, Russ D.","contributorId":25529,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCullough","given":"Russ D.","affiliations":[{"id":13678,"text":"New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mazzocchi, Irene","contributorId":150832,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mazzocchi","given":"Irene","affiliations":[{"id":13678,"text":"New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70160765,"text":"70160765 - 2014 - Diet composition and fish consumption of double-crested cormorants from three St. Lawrence River colonies in 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-05T12:35:03","indexId":"70160765","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5114,"text":"NYSDEC Lake Ontario Annual Report ","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"2013","chapter":"15","title":"Diet composition and fish consumption of double-crested cormorants from three St. Lawrence River colonies in 2013","docAbstract":"<p>Double-crested Cormorants (<i>Phalacrocorax auritus</i>) were first observed nesting in the upper St. Lawrence River at Strachan Island in 1992. Cormorants now nest at a number of islands in the Thousand Islands section of the river. Griswold, McNair, and Strachan islands are among the largest colonies in the upper river. Until 2011, nest counts had remained relatively stable, ranging from 200 to 603 nests per colony. However, since 2011 the number of nests at McNair Island have exceeded 700 each year. Although the size of cormorant colonies in the upper St. Lawrence River is smaller than those in the eastern basin of Lake Ontario, the close proximity of islands in the upper river that have colonies may cause a cumulative fish consumption effect similar to a larger colony. Because of increasing numbers of Double-crested Cormorants in the upper St. Lawrence River and the possible effects on fish populations, studies were initiated in 1999 to quantify cormorant diet and fish consumption at the three largest colonies. From 1999 to 2012, these studies have shown that cormorants consumed about 128.6 million fish including 37.5 million yellow perch (<i>Perca flavescens</i>), 17.4 million rock bass (<i>Ambloplites rupestris</i>) and 1.0 million smallmouth bass (<i>Micropterus dolemieu</i>) (Johnson et al. 2012). During this same time period fish assessment studies near some of these islands have shown a major decrease in yellow perch populations (Klindt 2007). This occurrence is known as the halo effect and happens when piscivorous birds deplete local fish populations in areas immediately surrounding the colony (Ashmole 1963). This paper describes the diet and fish consumption of cormorants in the upper St. Lawrence River in 2013.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"2013 Annual report: Bureau of Fisheries, Lake Ontario unit and St. Lawrence River unit, to the Great Lakes Fishery Commission’s Lake Ontario Committee","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"conferenceTitle":"Lake Ontario Committee Meeting","conferenceDate":"March 26-27, 2014","conferenceLocation":"Windsor, ON","language":"English","publisher":"New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","publisherLocation":"Albany, NY","usgsCitation":"Johnson, J.H., Farquhar, J.F., Mazzocchi, I.M., and Bendig, A., 2014, Diet composition and fish consumption of double-crested cormorants from three St. Lawrence River colonies in 2013: NYSDEC Lake Ontario Annual Report  2013, 12 p. .","productDescription":"12 p. 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,{"id":70176216,"text":"70176216 - 2014 - Geologic assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources in Aptian carbonates, onshore northern Gulf of Mexico Basin, United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-01T15:40:50","indexId":"70176216","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1344,"text":"Cretaceous Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources in Aptian carbonates, onshore northern Gulf of Mexico Basin, United States","docAbstract":"<p><span>Carbonate lithofacies of the Lower Cretaceous Sligo Formation and James Limestone were regionally evaluated using established U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) assessment methodology for undiscovered conventional hydrocarbon resources. The assessed area is within the Upper Jurassic–Cretaceous–Tertiary Composite total petroleum system, which was defined for the assessment. Hydrocarbons reservoired in carbonate platform Sligo-James oil and gas accumulations are interpreted to originate primarily from the Jurassic Smackover Formation. Emplacement of hydrocarbons occurred via vertical migration along fault systems; long-range lateral migration also may have occurred in some locations. Primary reservoir facies include porous patch reefs developed over paleostructural salt highs, carbonate shoals, and stacked linear reefs at the carbonate shelf margin. Hydrocarbon traps dominantly are combination structural-stratigraphic. Sealing lithologies include micrite, calcareous shale, and argillaceous lime mudstone. A geologic model, supported by discovery history analysis of petroleum geology data, was used to define a single regional assessment unit (AU) for conventional reservoirs in carbonate facies of the Sligo Formation and James Limestone. The AU is formally entitled Sligo-James Carbonate Platform Oil and Gas (50490121). A fully risked mean undiscovered technically recoverable resource in the AU of 50 million barrels of oil (MMBO), 791 billion cubic feet of natural gas (BCFG), and 26 million barrels of natural gas liquids was estimated. Substantial new development through horizontal drilling has occurred since the time of this assessment (2010), resulting in cumulative production of &gt;200&nbsp;BCFG and &gt;1&nbsp;MMBO.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.cretres.2013.12.005","usgsCitation":"Hackley, P.C., and Karlsen, A.W., 2014, Geologic assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources in Aptian carbonates, onshore northern Gulf of Mexico Basin, United States: Cretaceous Research, v. 48, p. 225-234, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2013.12.005.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"225","endPage":"234","ipdsId":"IP-051557","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328195,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -100,\n              26\n            ],\n            [\n              -100,\n              34\n            ],\n            [\n              -88,\n              34\n            ],\n            [\n              -88,\n              26\n            ],\n            [\n              -100,\n              26\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"48","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c9512de4b0f2f0cec15be9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hackley, Paul C. 0000-0002-5957-2551 phackley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5957-2551","contributorId":592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hackley","given":"Paul","email":"phackley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Karlsen, Alexander W.","contributorId":105382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karlsen","given":"Alexander","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70140686,"text":"70140686 - 2014 - Early to Middle Ordovician back-arc basin in the southern Appalachian Blue Ridge: characteristics, extent, and tectonic significance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-26T15:58:02","indexId":"70140686","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Early to Middle Ordovician back-arc basin in the southern Appalachian Blue Ridge: characteristics, extent, and tectonic significance","docAbstract":"<p><span>Fault-dismembered segments of a distinctive, extensive, highly allochthonous, and tectonically significant Ordovician (ca. 480&ndash;460 Ma) basin, which contains suites of bimodal metavolcanic rocks, associated base metal deposits, and thick immature deep-water (turbiditic) metasediments, occur in parts of the southern Appalachian Talladega belt, eastern Blue Ridge, and Inner Piedmont of Alabama, Georgia, and North and South Carolina. The basin's predominantly metasedimentary strata display geochemical and isotopic evidence of a mixed provenance, including an adjacent active volcanic arc and a provenance of mica (clay)-rich sedimentary and felsic plutonic rocks consistent with Laurentian (Grenvillian) upper-crustal continental rocks and their passive-margin cover sequences. Geochemical characteristics of the subordinate intercalated bimodal metavolcanic rocks indicate formation in a suprasubduction environment, most likely a back-arc basin, whereas characteristics of metasedimentary units suggest deposition above Neoproterozoic rift and outer-margin lower Paleozoic slope and rise sediments within a marginal basin along Ordovician Laurentia's Iapetus margin. This tectonic setting indicates that southernmost Appalachian Ordovician orogenesis (Taconic orogeny) began as an extensional accretionary orogen along the outer margin of Laurentia, rather than in an exotic (non-Laurentian) arc collisional setting. B-type subduction polarity requires that the associated arc-trench system formed southeast of the palinspastic position of the back-arc basin. This scenario can explain several unique features of the southern Appalachian Taconic orogen, including: the palinspastic geographic ordering of key tectonic elements (i.e., back-arc, arc, etc.), and a lack of (1) an obducted arc sensu stricto on the Laurentian margin, (2) widespread Ordovician regional metamorphism, and (3) Taconic klippen to supply detritus to the Taconic foreland basin.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/B30967.1","usgsCitation":"Tull, J., Holm-Denoma, C.S., and Barineau, C.I., 2014, Early to Middle Ordovician back-arc basin in the southern Appalachian Blue Ridge: characteristics, extent, and tectonic significance: GSA Bulletin, v. 126, no. 7-8, p. 990-1015, https://doi.org/10.1130/B30967.1.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"990","endPage":"1015","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-042528","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297950,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Appalachian Blue Ridge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -88.41796875,\n              30.977609093348686\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.41796875,\n              36.5978891330702\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.76171875,\n              36.5978891330702\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.76171875,\n              30.977609093348686\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.41796875,\n              30.977609093348686\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"126","issue":"7-8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-03-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2b83e4b08de9379b33c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tull, James","contributorId":139193,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tull","given":"James","affiliations":[{"id":7092,"text":"Florida State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holm-Denoma, Christopher S. 0000-0003-3229-5440 cholm-denoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3229-5440","contributorId":2442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holm-Denoma","given":"Christopher","email":"cholm-denoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barineau, Clinton I.","contributorId":139194,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barineau","given":"Clinton","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":12692,"text":"Columbus State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70073663,"text":"sim3284 - 2014 - Geologic map of the Ute Mountain 7.5' quadrangle, Taos County, New Mexico, and Conejos and Costilla Counties, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-18T18:26:13.641151","indexId":"sim3284","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-26T14:31:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3284","title":"Geologic map of the Ute Mountain 7.5' quadrangle, Taos County, New Mexico, and Conejos and Costilla Counties, Colorado","docAbstract":"<p>The Ute Mountain 7.5' quadrangle is located in the south-central part of the San Luis Basin of northern New Mexico, in the Rio Grande del Norte National Monument, and contains deposits that record volcanic, tectonic, and associated alluvial and colluvial processes over the past four million years. Ute Mountain has the distinction of being one of the largest intermediate composition eruptive centers of the Taos Plateau, a largely volcanic tableland occupying the southern portion of the San Luis Basin. Ute Mountain rises to an elevation in excess of 3,000 m, nearly 700 m above the basaltic plateau at its base, and is characterized by three distinct phases of Pliocene eruptive activity recorded in the stratigraphy exposed on the flanks of the mountain and in the Rio Grande gorge. Unconformably overlain by largely flat-lying lava flows of Servilleta Basalt, the area surrounding Ute Mountain records a westward thickening of basin-fill volcanic deposits interstratified in the subsurface with Pliocene basin-fill sedimentary deposits derived from older Tertiary and Precambrian sources to the east. Superimposed on this volcanic stratigraphy are alluvial and colluvial deposits derived from the flanks of Ute Mountain and more distally-derived alluvium from the uplifted Sangre de Cristo Mountains to the east, that record a complex temporal and stratigraphic succession of Quaternary basin deposition and erosion. Pliocene and younger basin deposition was accommodated along predominantly north-trending fault-bounded grabens. These poorly exposed fault scarps cutting lava flows of Ute Mountain volcano. The Servilleta Basalt and younger surficial deposits record largely down-to-east basinward displacement. Faults are identified with varying confidence levels in the map area. Recognizing and mapping faults developed near the surface in young, brittle volcanic rocks is difficult because: (1) they tend to form fractured zones tens of meters wide rather than discrete fault planes, (2) the relative youth of the deposits has resulted in only modest displacements on most faults, and (3) some of the faults may have significant strike-slip components that do not result in large vertical offsets that are readily apparent in offset of sub-horizontal contacts. Those faults characterized as &ldquo;certain&rdquo; either have distinct offset of map units or had slip planes that were directly observed in the field. Lineaments defined from magnetic anomalies form an additional constraint on potential fault locations and are indicated as such on the map sheet.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3284","issn":"2329-132X","usgsCitation":"Thompson, R.A., Turner, K.J., Shroba, R.R., Cosca, M.A., Ruleman, C., Lee, J.P., and Brandt, T.R., 2014, Geologic map of the Ute Mountain 7.5' quadrangle, Taos County, New Mexico, and Conejos and Costilla Counties, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3284, 1 Plate: 44.00 x 40.00 inches; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3284.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 44.00 x 40.00 inches; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-038234","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282852,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim3284.jpg"},{"id":282857,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3284/downloads/"},{"id":282856,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3284/pdf/sim3284.pdf","text":"Map","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3284 Map"},{"id":282854,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3284/"},{"id":398950,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_99623.htm"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Polyconic projection","datum":"1927 North American Datum","country":"United States","state":"Colorado, New Mexico","county":"Conejos County, Costilla County, Taos County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -105.75,36.875 ], [ -105.75,37.0 ], [ -105.625,37.0 ], [ -105.625,36.875 ], [ -105.75,36.875 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5d30e4b0b290850faf46","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thompson, Ren A. 0000-0002-3044-3043 rathomps@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3044-3043","contributorId":1265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Ren","email":"rathomps@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Turner, Kenzie J. 0000-0002-4940-3981 kturner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4940-3981","contributorId":496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"Kenzie","email":"kturner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shroba, Ralph R. 0000-0002-2664-1813 rshroba@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2664-1813","contributorId":1266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shroba","given":"Ralph","email":"rshroba@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cosca, Michael A. 0000-0002-0600-7663 mcosca@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0600-7663","contributorId":1000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cosca","given":"Michael","email":"mcosca@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ruleman, Chester A.","contributorId":41533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruleman","given":"Chester A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lee, John P. jplee@usgs.gov","contributorId":3291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"John","email":"jplee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":489007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Brandt, Theodore R. 0000-0002-7862-9082 tbrandt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7862-9082","contributorId":1267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brandt","given":"Theodore","email":"tbrandt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70073662,"text":"sim3283 - 2014 - Geologic map of the Sunshine 7.5' quadrangle, Taos County, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-18T18:23:33.326388","indexId":"sim3283","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-26T14:19:20","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3283","title":"Geologic map of the Sunshine 7.5' quadrangle, Taos County, New Mexico","docAbstract":"<p>The Sunshine 7.5' quadrangle is located in the south-central part of the San Luis Basin of northern New Mexico, in the Rio Grande del Norte National Monument, and contains deposits that record volcanic, tectonic, and associated alluvial and colluvial processes over the past four million years. Sunshine Valley, named for the small locale of Sunshine, is incised by a series of northeast-trending drainages cut into Tertiary and Quaternary alluvial deposits forming an extensive alluvial apron between the east flank of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains and the Rio Grande. These deposits predominantly overlie gently eastward-dipping lava flows of Pliocene Servilleta Basalt erupted from centers west of the map area. Servilleta Basalt lava flows terminate to the south against the elevated topography of three volcanic centers of the Taos Plateau volcanic field. From west to east these are Cerro de la Olla, Cerro Chiflo, and Guadalupe Mountain that are exposed in the southern part of the map area. Remnants of Miocene volcanic rocks are exposed near the southwestern edge of the map area and record evidence of an eroded volcanic terrain underlying deposits of the Taos Plateau volcanic field. These deposits are likely fault bounded to the east, roughly coincident with north to northwest trending, down-to-east faults in the southwestern quarter of the map area. The down-to-east normal faults reflect the basinward migration of the western margin of the Sunshine Valley sub-basin of the southern San Luis Basin.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>Pliocene and younger basin deposition was accommodated along predominantly north-trending fault-bounded grabens and is preserved as poorly exposed fault scarps that cut lava flows of Ute Mountain volcano, north of the map area. The Servilleta Basalt and younger surficial deposits record largely down-to-east basinward displacement. Faults are identified with varying confidence levels in the map area. Recognizing and mapping faults developed near the surface in relatively young, brittle volcanic rocks is difficult because: (1) they tend to form fractured zones tens of meters wide rather than discrete fault planes, (2) the relative youth of the deposits has resulted in only modest displacements on most faults, and (3) some of the faults may have significant strike-slip components that do not result in large vertical offsets that are readily apparent in offset of sub-horizontal contacts. Those faults characterized as &ldquo;certain&rdquo; either have distinct offset of map units or had slip planes that were directly observed in the field. Lineaments defined from magnetic anomalies form an additional constraint on potential fault locations.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3283","usgsCitation":"Thompson, R.A., Turner, K.J., Shroba, R.R., Cosca, M.A., Ruleman, C., Lee, J.P., and Brandt, T.R., 2014, Geologic map of the Sunshine 7.5' quadrangle, Taos County, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3283, 1 Plate: 44.00 x 40.00 inches; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3283.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 44.00 x 40.00 inches; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-038231","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282850,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim3283.jpg"},{"id":282849,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3283/downloads/"},{"id":282848,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3283/pdf/sim3283.pdf","text":"Map","size":"58.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3283 Map"},{"id":282847,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3283/"},{"id":398949,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_99622.htm"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","county":"Taos County","otherGeospatial":"Sunshine 7.5' quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -105.75,\n              36.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.625,\n              36.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.625,\n              36.875\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.75,\n              36.875\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.75,\n              36.75\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5d20e4b0b290850fae8f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thompson, Ren A. 0000-0002-3044-3043 rathomps@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3044-3043","contributorId":1265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Ren","email":"rathomps@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Turner, Kenzie J. 0000-0002-4940-3981 kturner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4940-3981","contributorId":496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"Kenzie","email":"kturner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shroba, Ralph R. 0000-0002-2664-1813 rshroba@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2664-1813","contributorId":1266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shroba","given":"Ralph","email":"rshroba@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cosca, Michael A. 0000-0002-0600-7663 mcosca@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0600-7663","contributorId":1000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cosca","given":"Michael","email":"mcosca@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ruleman, Chester A.","contributorId":41533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruleman","given":"Chester A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lee, John P. jplee@usgs.gov","contributorId":3291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"John","email":"jplee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":489000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Brandt, Theodore R. 0000-0002-7862-9082 tbrandt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7862-9082","contributorId":1267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brandt","given":"Theodore","email":"tbrandt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70074398,"text":"sir20145008 - 2014 - Water movement through the unsaturated zone of the High Plains Aquifer in the Central Platte Natural Resources District, Nebraska, 2008-12","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-26T09:13:23","indexId":"sir20145008","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-26T07:23:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5008","title":"Water movement through the unsaturated zone of the High Plains Aquifer in the Central Platte Natural Resources District, Nebraska, 2008-12","docAbstract":"<p>Uncertainty about the effects of land use and climate on water movement in the unsaturated zone and on groundwater recharge rates can lead to uncertainty in water budgets used for groundwater-flow models. To better understand these effects, a cooperative study between the U.S. Geological Survey and the Central Platte Natural Resources District was initiated in 2007 to determine field-based estimates of recharge rates in selected land-use areas of the Central Platte Natural Resources District in Nebraska. Measured total water potential and unsaturated-zone profiles of tritium, chloride, nitrate as nitrogen, and bromide, along with groundwater-age dates, were used to evaluate water movement in the unsaturated zone and groundwater recharge rates in the central Platte River study area. Eight study sites represented an east-west precipitation contrast across the study area—four beneath groundwater-irrigated cropland (sites 2, 5, and 6 were irrigated corn and site 7 was irrigated alfalfa/corn rotation), three beneath rangeland (sites 1, 4, and 8), and one beneath nonirrigated cropland, or dryland (site 3).</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Measurements of transient vertical gradients in total water potential indicated that periodic wetting fronts reached greater mean maximum depths beneath the irrigated sites than beneath the rangeland sites, in part, because of the presence of greater and constant antecedent moisture. Beneath the rangeland sites, greater temporal variation in antecedent moisture and total water potential existed and was, in part, likely a result of local precipitation and evapotranspiration. Moreover, greater variability was noticed in the total water potential profiles beneath the western sites than the corresponding eastern sites, which was attributed to less mean annual precipitation in the west.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The depth of the peak post-bomb tritium concentration or the interface between the pre-bomb/post-bomb tritium, along with a tritium mass balance, within sampled soil profiles were used to estimate water fluxes in the unsaturated zone at three of the eight study sites: site 2 (irrigated), site 3 (dryland), and site 8 (rangeland). Estimates for recharge were about 68 millimeters per year [(mm/yr), post-bomb peak], 133 to 159 mm/yr (tritium interface), and 137 mm/yr (mass balance) at site 2 (irrigated); about 63 mm/yr (tritium interface) and 12 mm/yr (mass balance) at site 3 (dryland); and about 53 mm/yr (tritium interface) and 10 mm/yr (mass balance) at site 8 (rangeland). Recharge values from the mass balance at site 2 were more than an order of magnitude greater than recharge values at site 3, suggesting irrigation is an important control on water movement through the unsaturated zone. For the remaining five sites, the post-bomb tritium had flushed through the system and recharge was considered modern (within 10 years of sampling).</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The chloride mass-balance method was used to determine water fluxes below the root zone (less than 2 meters below land surface) at the rangeland sites: sites 1, 4, and 8. At these rangeland sites, water fluxes ranged from 1.8 to 96 mm/yr at site 1, 1.1 to 9.6 mm/yr at site 4, and 1.1 to 68 mm/yr at site 8, with mean rates of 21, 4.3, and 13 mm/yr, respectively. Site 1 had a greater mean water flux, which was consistent with the greater precipitation in the east than at site 8 in the west. Chloride mass balance was not calculated at the irrigated and dryland sites because of uncertainty about additional sources of chloride.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Concentrations of nitrate as nitrogen in pore water in the unsaturated zone were larger beneath the irrigated and dryland (agricultural) sites compared with the rangeland sites. The larger concentrations at the agricultural sites are consistent with the application of nitrogen fertilizer at the agricultural sites and no substantial  accumulation at the rangeland sites.\nThe shape of the nitrate as nitrogen and chloride concentration\nprofiles at site 1 (rangeland) indicate a reasonably larger and\nmore consistent water flux in the UZ than beneath the other\ntwo rangeland sites (sites 4 or 8). Excluding site 7, the general\nshape of the nitrate as nitrogen profiles was similar beneath\nthe agricultural sites and supports the estimates of water\nmovement and recharge rates determined from the tritium and\nchloride methods.</p>\n<br>\n<p>Movement of bromide through the unsaturated zone\nindicated greater water fluxes are found beneath irrigated lands\nthan beneath rangeland. Bromide profiles in the unsaturated\nzone, determined from center of mass and peak displacement\nmethods, document water fluxes ranged from 58\nto 394\nmm/yr beneath irrigated sites and 9 to 201 mm/yr beneath rangeland\nsites. Water-flux estimates from the potassium bromide tests at\nmost sites did not represent overall recharge rates because the\nbromide remained primarily in the root zone.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Apparent groundwater age was used to determine the\ngroundwater residence time at the eight sites and to estimate recharge rates. Groundwater ages in the study area\nranged from old water (defined here as groundwater that was\nrecharged more than 50 years ago) to modern (defined here\nas groundwater that has recharged within the past 10 years).\nGroundwater ages indicated that the shallow monitoring wells\ngenerally had younger residence times, whereas the deeper\nmonitoring wells generally had the older residence times.\nGroundwater dates from the shallowest monitoring wells were\nused to determine recharge rates at the water table. These\nrates generally were similar to recharge rates determined from\ntritium and chloride mass-balance methods. Groundwater\nrecharge rates generally increased with well depth, and the\ndeeper monitoring wells likely do not represent local recharge\nconditions but recharge from a regional flow system that\nreceives recharge from distant sources.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Overall, these data generally indicate that water movement within the unsaturated zone primarily is affected by spatial contrasts in mean annual precipitation and by the land use\nor land cover. The eight unsaturated-zone sites each generated\nunique, valuable datasets that likely will improve the understanding of water movement and recharge rates in the central\nPlatte River valley.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145008","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Central Platte Natural Resources District","usgsCitation":"Steele, G.V., Gurdak, J., and Hobza, C.M., 2014, Water movement through the unsaturated zone of the High Plains Aquifer in the Central Platte Natural Resources District, Nebraska, 2008-12: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5008, Report: x, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145008.","productDescription":"Report: x, 54 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-045594","costCenters":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282796,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5008/pdf/sir2014-5008.pdf"},{"id":282797,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5008/downloads/Tables.xlsx"},{"id":282798,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145008.jpg"},{"id":282791,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5008/"}],"scale":"1000000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","datum":"NAD 83","country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","otherGeospatial":"Central Platte Natural Resources District","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -100.0,40.5 ], [ -100.0,41.0 ], [ -98.5,41.0 ], [ -98.5,40.5 ], [ -100.0,40.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd7c15e4b0b2908510e880","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steele, Gregory V. gvsteele@usgs.gov","contributorId":783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steele","given":"Gregory","email":"gvsteele@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gurdak, Jason J.","contributorId":65125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gurdak","given":"Jason J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hobza, Christopher M. 0000-0002-6239-934X cmhobza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6239-934X","contributorId":2393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hobza","given":"Christopher","email":"cmhobza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70074472,"text":"sim3287 - 2014 - Geologic and geophysical maps of the eastern three-fourths of the Cambria 30' x 60' quadrangle, central California Coast Ranges","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-26T13:44:29.25989","indexId":"sim3287","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-25T12:49:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3287","title":"Geologic and geophysical maps of the eastern three-fourths of the Cambria 30' x 60' quadrangle, central California Coast Ranges","docAbstract":"<p>The Cambria 30´ x 60´ quadrangle comprises southwestern Monterey County and northwestern San Luis Obispo County. The land area includes rugged mountains of the Santa Lucia Range extending from the northwest to the southeast part of the map; the southern part of the Big Sur coast in the northwest; broad marine terraces along the southwest coast; and broadvalleys, rolling hills, and modest mountains in the northeast.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>This report contains geologic, gravity anomaly, and aeromagnetic anomaly maps of the eastern three-fourths of the 1:100,000-scale Cambria quadrangle and the associated geologic and geophysical databases (ArcMap databases), as well as complete descriptions of the geologic map units and the structural relations in the mapped area. A cross section is based on both the geologic map and potential-field geophysical data.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The maps are presented as an interactive, multilayer PDF, rather than more traditional pre-formatted map-sheet PDFs. Various geologic, geophysical, paleontological, and base map elements are placed on separate layers, which allows the user to combine elements interactively to create map views beyond the traditional map sheets. Four traditional map sheets (geologic map, gravity map, aeromagnetic map, paleontological locality map) are easily compiled by choosing the associated data layers or by choosing the desired map under Bookmarks.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3287","usgsCitation":"Graymer, R., Langenheim, V., Roberts, M.A., and McDougall, K., 2014, Geologic and geophysical maps of the eastern three-fourths of the Cambria 30' x 60' quadrangle, central California Coast Ranges: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3287, Pamphlet: iii, 47 p.; 1 Plate: 44.0 x 32.0 inches; Readme; Metadata; Database, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3287.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: iii, 47 p.; 1 Plate: 44.0 x 32.0 inches; Readme; Metadata; Database","numberOfPages":"51","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-040960","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282774,"rank":7,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":398951,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_99614.htm"},{"id":282768,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3287/"},{"id":282769,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3287/pdf/SIM3287_map.pdf"},{"id":282771,"rank":6,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3287/pdf/SIM3287_readme.pdf"},{"id":282770,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3287/pdf/SIM3287_pamphlet.pdf"},{"id":282772,"rank":4,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3287/downloads/SIM3287_metadata.txt"},{"id":282773,"rank":1,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3287/downloads/SIM3287_database.zip"}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"North American Datum 1983","country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Monterey County, San Luis Obispo County","otherGeospatial":"Big Sur, California Coast Ranges","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.625,35.5 ], [ -121.625,36.0 ], [ -121.0,36.0 ], [ -121.0,35.5 ], [ -121.625,35.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5b98e4b0b290850fa008","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graymer, R. W.","contributorId":21174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graymer","given":"R. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Langenheim, V.E. 0000-0003-2170-5213","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-5213","contributorId":54956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langenheim","given":"V.E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":489594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roberts, M. A.","contributorId":63720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McDougall, Kristin 0000-0002-8788-3664","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8788-3664","contributorId":85610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDougall","given":"Kristin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70074384,"text":"sir20145013 - 2014 - Potentiometric surface of the Ozark aquifer in northern Arkansas, 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-21T12:37:39","indexId":"sir20145013","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-21T12:20:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5013","title":"Potentiometric surface of the Ozark aquifer in northern Arkansas, 2010","docAbstract":"<p>The Ozark aquifer in northern Arkansas is composed of dolomite, limestone, sandstone, and shale of Late Cambrian to Middle Devonian age and ranges in thickness from approximately 1,100 feet to more than 4,000 feet. Hydrologically, the aquifer is complex, characterized by discrete and discontinuous flow components with large variations in permeability.</p>\n\n<br>\n\n<p>The potentiometric-surface map, based on 56 well and 5 spring water-level measurements made in 2010 in Arkansas and Missouri, has a maximum water-level altitude measurement of 1,174 feet in Carroll County and a minimum water-level altitude measurement of 120 feet in Randolph County. Regionally, the flow within the aquifer is to the south and southeast in the eastern and central part of the study area and to the west, northwest, and north in the western part of the study area. Water-level altitudes changed 0.5 feet or less in 31 out of 56 wells measured between 2007 and 2010.</p>\n\n<br>\n\n<p>Despite rapidly increasing population within the study area, the increase appears to have minimal effect on groundwater levels, although the effect may have been minimized by the development and use of surface-water distribution infrastructure, suggesting that most of the incoming populations are fulfilling their water needs from surface-water sources. The conversion of some users from groundwater to surface water may be allowing water levels in some wells to recover (rise) or decline at a slower rate in some areas such as in Benton, Carroll, and Washington Counties.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145013","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Arkansas Natural Resources Commission and the Arkansas Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Czarnecki, J.B., Pugh, A., and Blackstock, J.M., 2014, Potentiometric surface of the Ozark aquifer in northern Arkansas, 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5013, Report: iv, 16 p.; 1 Map: 17.00 x 11.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145013.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 16 p.; 1 Map: 17.00 x 11.00 inches","numberOfPages":"23","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-052830","costCenters":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282628,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5013/"},{"id":282629,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5013/pdf/sir2014-5013.pdf"},{"id":282630,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5013/pdf/sir2014-5013_pl1.pdf"},{"id":282631,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145013.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","otherGeospatial":"Ozark Aquifer","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94.6179,33.0041 ], [ -94.6179,36.4997 ], [ -89.6468,36.4997 ], [ -89.6468,33.0041 ], [ -94.6179,33.0041 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6c2ae4b0b29085104631","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Czarnecki, John B. jczarnec@usgs.gov","contributorId":2555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Czarnecki","given":"John","email":"jczarnec@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":489557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pugh, Aaron L. apugh@usgs.gov","contributorId":2480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pugh","given":"Aaron L.","email":"apugh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blackstock, Joshua M. jblackst@usgs.gov","contributorId":5553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blackstock","given":"Joshua","email":"jblackst@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":489558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70058590,"text":"ofr20131288 - 2014 - Borehole geophysical data for the East Poplar oil field area, Fort Peck Indian Reservation, northeastern Montana, 1993, 2004, and 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-18T14:50:50.90687","indexId":"ofr20131288","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-20T16:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1288","displayTitle":"Borehole Geophysical Data for the East Poplar Oil Field Area, Fort Peck Indian Reservation, Northeastern Montana, 1993, 2004, and 2005","title":"Borehole geophysical data for the East Poplar oil field area, Fort Peck Indian Reservation, northeastern Montana, 1993, 2004, and 2005","docAbstract":"<p>Areas of high electrical conductivity in shallow aquifers in the East Poplar oil field area were delineated by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Fort Peck Assiniboine and Sioux Tribes, in order to interpret areas of saline-water contamination. Ground, airborne, and borehole geophysical data were collected in the East Poplar oil field area from 1992 through 2005 as part of this delineation. This report presents borehole geophysical data for thirty-two wells that were collected during 1993, 2004, and 2005 in the East Poplar oil field study area. Natural-gamma and induction instruments were used to provide information about the lithology and conductivity of the soil, rock, and water matrix adjacent to and within the wells. The well logs were also collected to provide subsurface controls for interpretation of a helicopter electromagnetic survey flown over most of the East Poplar oil field in 2004. The objective of the USGS studies was to improve understanding of aquifer hydrogeology particularly in regard to variations in water quality.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131288","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Office of Environmental Protection of the Fort Peck Tribes","usgsCitation":"Smith, B.D., Thamke, J.N, and Tyrrell, Christa, 2014, Borehole geophysical data for the East Poplar oil field area, Fort Peck Indian Reservation, northeastern Montana, 1993, 2004, and 2005 (ver. 1.1, November 2020): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013–1288, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131288.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 11 p.; Appendix","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-045027","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":379880,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1288/pdf/ofr2013-1288_Revised.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.53 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2013–1288"},{"id":379881,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1288/ofr20131288_appendix_1","text":"Appendix 1","linkHelpText":"— Plots of Digital Geophysical Logs"},{"id":282603,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1288/images/coverthb3.jpg"},{"id":379882,"rank":4,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1288/versionHist.txt","size":"2.96 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"OFR 2013–1288 Version History"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Fort Peck Indian Reservation","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -106.0,48.0 ], [ -106.0,48.5 ], [ -105.0,48.5 ], [ -105.0,48.0 ], [ -106.0,48.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0: February 20, 2014; Version 1.1: November 18, 2020","contact":"<p>Director, <a data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/gggsc\" href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/gggsc\">Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>Box 25046, MS 964<br>Denver, CO 80225</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Borehole-Geophysical Data</li><li>Acknowledgments</li><li>References Cited</li><li>Appendix</li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"publishedDate":"2014-02-20","revisedDate":"2020-11-18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-02-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4fb6e4b0b290850f2dfb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Bruce D. 0000-0002-1643-2997 bsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1643-2997","contributorId":845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Bruce","email":"bsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thamke, Joanna N. 0000-0002-6917-1946 jothamke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6917-1946","contributorId":1012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thamke","given":"Joanna N.","email":"jothamke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tyrrell, Christa","contributorId":13704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tyrrell","given":"Christa","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70073694,"text":"sim3285 - 2014 - Maps showing thermal maturity of Upper Cretaceous marine shales in the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming and Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-10T14:43:06","indexId":"sim3285","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-10T14:34:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3285","title":"Maps showing thermal maturity of Upper Cretaceous marine shales in the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming and Montana","docAbstract":"The Bighorn Basin is one of many structural and sedimentary basins that formed in the Rocky Mountain foreland during the Laramide orogeny, a period of crustal instability and compressional tectonics that began in latest Cretaceous time and ended in the Eocene. The basin is nearly 180 mi long, 100 mi wide, and encompasses about 10,400 mi<sup>2</sup> in north-central Wyoming and south-central Montana. The basin is bounded on the northeast by the Pryor Mountains, on the east by the Bighorn Mountains, and on the south by the Owl Creek Mountains). The north boundary includes a zone of faulting and folding referred to as the Nye-Bowler lineament. The northwest and west margins are formed by the Beartooth Mountains and Absaroka Range, respectively.\n\nImportant conventional oil and gas resources have been discovered and produced from reservoirs ranging in age from Cambrian through Tertiary. In addition, a potential unconventional basin-centered gas accumulation may be present in Cretaceous reservoirs in the deeper parts of the basin. It has been suggested by numerous authors that various Cretaceous marine shales are the principal source rock for these accumulations. Numerous studies of various Upper Cretaceous marine shales in the Rocky Mountain region have led to the general conclusion that these rocks have generated or are capable of generating oil and (or) gas.\n\nIn recent years, advances in horizontal drilling and multistage fracture stimulation have resulted in increased exploration and completion of wells in Cretaceous marine shales in other Rocky Mountain Laramide basins that were previously thought of only as hydrocarbon source rocks. Important parameters controlling hydrocarbon production from these shale reservoirs include: reservoir thickness, amount and type of organic matter, and thermal maturity. The purpose of this report is to present maps and a cross section showing levels of thermal maturity, based on vitrinite reflectance (R<sub>o</sub>), for selected Upper Cretaceous marine shales in the Bighorn Basin.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3285","issn":"2329–132X","usgsCitation":"Finn, T.M., and Pawlewicz, M.J., 2014, Maps showing thermal maturity of Upper Cretaceous marine shales in the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming and Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3285, Report: iii, 14 p.; 3 Plates: 26.59 x 27.14 inches and smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3285.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 14 p.; 3 Plates: 26.59 x 27.14 inches and smaller","numberOfPages":"21","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-049092","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282229,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim3285.jpg"},{"id":282226,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3285/pdf/sheet_01.pdf"},{"id":282224,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3285/"},{"id":282227,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3285/pdf/sheet_02.pdf"},{"id":282225,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3285/pdf/sim3285.pdf"},{"id":282228,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3285/pdf/sheet_03.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana;Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Bighorn Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -110.0,43.5 ], [ -110.0,45.5 ], [ -107.0,45.5 ], [ -107.0,43.5 ], [ -110.0,43.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6641e4b0b29085100a02","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Finn, Thomas M. 0000-0001-6396-9351 finn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6396-9351","contributorId":778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"Thomas","email":"finn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pawlewicz, Mark J. pawlewicz@usgs.gov","contributorId":752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pawlewicz","given":"Mark","email":"pawlewicz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70058455,"text":"sir20135226 - 2014 - Geochemistry of groundwater in the Beaver and Camas Creek drainage basins, eastern Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-07T08:07:04","indexId":"sir20135226","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-07T07:40:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5226","title":"Geochemistry of groundwater in the Beaver and Camas Creek drainage basins, eastern Idaho","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, is studying the fate and transport of waste solutes in the eastern Snake River Plain (ESRP) aquifer at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) in eastern Idaho. This effort requires an understanding of the natural and anthropogenic geochemistry of groundwater at the INL and of the important physical and chemical processes controlling the geochemistry. In this study, the USGS applied geochemical modeling to investigate the geochemistry of groundwater in the Beaver and Camas Creek drainage basins, which provide groundwater recharge to the ESRP aquifer underlying the northeastern part of the INL.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Data used in this study include petrology and mineralogy from 2 sediment and 3 rock samples, and water-quality analyses from 4 surface-water and 18 groundwater samples. The mineralogy of the sediment and rock samples was analyzed with X-ray diffraction, and the mineralogy and petrology of the rock samples were examined in thin sections. The water samples were analyzed for field parameters, major ions, silica, nutrients, dissolved organic carbon, trace elements, tritium, and the stable isotope ratios of hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, sulfur, and nitrogen.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Groundwater geochemistry was influenced by reactions with rocks of the geologic terranes—carbonate rocks, rhyolite, basalt, evaporite deposits, and sediment comprised of all of these rocks. Agricultural practices near and south of Dubois and application of road anti-icing liquids on U.S. Interstate Highway 15 were likely sources of nitrate, chloride, calcium, and magnesium to groundwater.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Groundwater geochemistry was successfully modeled in the alluvial aquifer in Camas Meadows and the ESRP fractured basalt aquifer using the geochemical modeling code PHREEQC. The primary geochemical processes appear to be precipitation or dissolution of calcite and dissolution of silicate minerals. Dissolution of evaporite minerals, associated with Pleistocene Lake Terreton, is an important contributor of solutes in the Mud Lake-Dubois area. Oxidation-reduction reactions are important influences on the chemistry of groundwater at Camas Meadows and the Camas National Wildlife Refuge. In addition, mixing of different groundwaters or surface water with groundwater appears to be an important physical process influencing groundwater geochemistry in much of the study area, and evaporation may be an important physical process influencing the groundwater geochemistry of the Camas National Wildlife Refuge. The mass-balance modeling results from this study provide an explanation of the natural geochemistry of groundwater in the ESRP aquifer northeast of the INL, and thus provide a starting point for evaluating the natural and anthropogenic geochemistry of groundwater at the INL.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135226","collaboration":"DOE/ID-22227. Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy","usgsCitation":"Rattray, G.W., and Ginsbach, M.L., 2014, Geochemistry of groundwater in the Beaver and Camas Creek drainage basins, eastern Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5226, viii, 70 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135226.","productDescription":"viii, 70 p.","numberOfPages":"82","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-037491","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282086,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135226.jpg"},{"id":282084,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5226/"},{"id":282085,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5226/pdf/sir2013-5226.pdf"}],"datum":"NAD 1927","country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Beaver Creek;Camas Creek;Camas National Wildlife Refuge;Eastern Snake River Plain","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -115.2006,41.9922 ], [ -115.2006,45.3019 ], [ -110.3906,45.3019 ], [ -110.3906,41.9922 ], [ -115.2006,41.9922 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5b02e4b0b290850f9bca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rattray, Gordon W. 0000-0002-1690-3218 grattray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1690-3218","contributorId":2521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rattray","given":"Gordon","email":"grattray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ginsbach, Michael L.","contributorId":56972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ginsbach","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70049006,"text":"ofr20121024E - 2014 - Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources: Greater Green River Basin, Wyoming, Colorado, and Utah, and Wyoming-Idaho-Utah Thrust Belt","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70049006,"text":"ofr20121024E - 2014 - Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources: Greater Green River Basin, Wyoming, Colorado, and Utah, and Wyoming-Idaho-Utah Thrust Belt","indexId":"ofr20121024E","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"chapter":"E","title":"Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources: Greater Green River Basin, Wyoming, Colorado, and Utah, and Wyoming-Idaho-Utah Thrust Belt"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70093199,"text":"ofr20121024 - 2012 - Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources","indexId":"ofr20121024","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70093199,"text":"ofr20121024 - 2012 - Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources","indexId":"ofr20121024","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources"},"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-21T11:37:38","indexId":"ofr20121024E","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-05T08:48:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1024","chapter":"E","title":"Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources: Greater Green River Basin, Wyoming, Colorado, and Utah, and Wyoming-Idaho-Utah Thrust Belt","docAbstract":"<p>The 2007 Energy Independence and Security Act (Public Law 110&ndash;140) directs the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to conduct a national assessment of potential geologic storage resources for carbon dioxide (CO2). The methodology used by the USGS for the national CO2 assessment follows up on previous USGS work. The methodology is non-economic and intended to be used at regional to subbasinal scales. This report identifies and contains geologic descriptions of 14 storage assessment units (SAUs) in Ordovician to Upper Cretaceous sedimentary rocks within the Greater Green River Basin (GGRB) of Wyoming, Colorado, and Utah, and eight SAUs in Ordovician to Upper Cretaceous sedimentary rocks within the Wyoming-Idaho-Utah Thrust Belt (WIUTB). The GGRB and WIUTB are contiguous with nearly identical geologic units; however, the GGRB is larger in size, whereas the WIUTB is more structurally complex. This report focuses on the characteristics, specified in the methodology, that influence the potential CO2 storage resource in the SAUs. Specific descriptions of the SAU boundaries, as well as their sealing and reservoir units, are included. Properties for each SAU, such as depth to top, gross thickness, porosity, permeability, groundwater quality, and structural reservoir traps, are typically provided to illustrate geologic factors critical to the assessment. This geologic information was employed, as specified in the USGS methodology, to calculate a probabilistic distribution of potential storage resources in each SAU. Figures in this report show SAU boundaries and cell maps of well penetrations through sealing units into the top of the storage formations. The cell maps show the number of penetrating wells within one square mile and are derived from interpretations of variably attributed well data and a digital compilation that is known not to include all drilling.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources (Open-File Report 2012-1024)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121024E","usgsCitation":"Buursink, M.L., Slucher, E.R., Brennan, S.T., Doolan, C., Drake, R.M., Merrill, M., Warwick, P.D., Blondes, M., Freeman, P., Cahan, S.M., DeVera, C.A., and Lohr, C., 2014, Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources: Greater Green River Basin, Wyoming, Colorado, and Utah, and Wyoming-Idaho-Utah Thrust Belt: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1024, Report: viii, 50 p.; Data Downloads, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121024E.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 50 p.; Data Downloads","numberOfPages":"58","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-045140","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281986,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20121024E.jpg"},{"id":281982,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1024/e/","text":"Index Page","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":281984,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1024/e/downloads/Cell_C5036_C5037.zip","text":"Well Density","description":"Well Density"},{"id":281985,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1024/e/downloads/SAU_C5036_C5037.zip","text":"Storage Assessment Units","description":"Storage Assessment Units"},{"id":281983,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1024/e/pdf/of2012-1024e.pdf","text":"Report","size":"14.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Idaho, Utah, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -110.9619140625,\n              43.40903821777055\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.41259765625,\n              43.41302868475145\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.2041015625,\n              42.577354839557856\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.6822509765625,\n              42.589488572714245\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.9793701171875,\n              42.3016903282445\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.907958984375,\n              41.21172151054787\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.270751953125,\n              39.71986348549764\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.666259765625,\n              39.690280594818034\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.599853515625,\n              40.534676780615406\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.039306640625,\n              40.90936126702326\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.9619140625,\n              40.805493843894155\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.6707763671875,\n              42.32200108060303\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.9619140625,\n              43.40903821777055\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publicComments":"This report is Chapter E in <i>Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources</i>. For more information, see <a href=\"http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20121024\" target=\"_blank\">Open-File Report 2012-1024</a>.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5bbae4b0b290850fa147","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buursink, Marc L. 0000-0001-6491-386X mbuursink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6491-386X","contributorId":3362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buursink","given":"Marc","email":"mbuursink@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Slucher, Ernie R. 0000-0002-5865-5734 eslucher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5865-5734","contributorId":3966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slucher","given":"Ernie","email":"eslucher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brennan, Sean T. 0000-0002-7102-9359 sbrennan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7102-9359","contributorId":559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brennan","given":"Sean","email":"sbrennan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doolan, Colin A. 0000-0002-7595-7566","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7595-7566","contributorId":26221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doolan","given":"Colin A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Drake, Ronald M. II 0000-0002-1770-4667 rmdrake@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1770-4667","contributorId":1353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drake","given":"Ronald","suffix":"II","email":"rmdrake@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Merrill, Matthew D. 0000-0003-3766-847X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3766-847X","contributorId":48256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merrill","given":"Matthew D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Warwick, Peter D. 0000-0002-3152-7783 pwarwick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-7783","contributorId":762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warwick","given":"Peter","email":"pwarwick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":485988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Blondes, Madalyn S. 0000-0003-0320-0107 mblondes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0320-0107","contributorId":3598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blondes","given":"Madalyn S.","email":"mblondes@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Freeman, P.A. 0000-0002-0863-7431 pfreeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0863-7431","contributorId":3154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"P.A.","email":"pfreeman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":485990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Cahan, Steven M. 0000-0002-4776-3668 scahan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4776-3668","contributorId":4529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cahan","given":"Steven","email":"scahan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"DeVera, Christina A. 0000-0002-4691-6108 cdevera@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4691-6108","contributorId":3845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeVera","given":"Christina","email":"cdevera@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Lohr, Celeste D. 0000-0001-6287-9047 clohr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6287-9047","contributorId":3866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lohr","given":"Celeste D.","email":"clohr@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70048917,"text":"ds69CC - 2014 - National Assessment of Oil and Gas Project: geologic assessment of undiscovered gas hydrate resources on the North Slope, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-23T17:45:51.242","indexId":"ds69CC","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-03T10:22:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"69","chapter":"CC","title":"National Assessment of Oil and Gas Project: geologic assessment of undiscovered gas hydrate resources on the North Slope, Alaska","docAbstract":"Scientists with the U.S. Geological Survey have completed the first assessment of the undiscovered, technically recoverable gas hydrate resources beneath the North Slope of Alaska. This assessment indicates the existence of technically recoverable gas hydrate resources—that is, resources that can be discovered, developed, and produced using current technology.\n\nThe approach used in this assessment followed standard geology-based USGS methodologies developed to assess conventional oil and gas resources. In order to use the USGS conventional assessment approach on gas hydrate resources, three-dimensional industry-acquired seismic data were analyzed. The analyses indicated that the gas hydrates on the North Slope occupy limited, discrete volumes of rock bounded by faults and downdip water contacts. This assessment approach also assumes that the resource can be produced by existing conventional technology, on the basis of limited field testing and numerical production models of gas hydrate-bearing reservoirs.\n\nThe area assessed in northern Alaska extends from the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska on the west through the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge on the east and from the Brooks Range northward to the State-Federal offshore boundary (located 3 miles north of the coastline). This area consists mostly of Federal, State, and Native lands covering 55,894 square miles. Using the standard geology-based assessment methodology, the USGS estimated that the total undiscovered technically recoverable natural-gas resources in gas hydrates in northern Alaska range between 25.2 and 157.8 trillion cubic feet, representing 95 percent and 5 percent probabilities of greater than these amounts, respectively, with a mean estimate of 85.4 trillion cubic feet.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds69CC","collaboration":"Available on CD-ROM contact Energy Team CD Distribution","usgsCitation":"USGS AK Gas Hydrate Assessment Team: Collett, T.S., Agena, W.F., Lee, M.W., Lewis, K.A., Zyrianova, M.V., Bird, K.J., Charpentier, R., Cook, T.A., Houseknecht, D.W., Klett, T., and Pollastro, R.M., 2014, National Assessment of Oil and Gas Project: geologic assessment of undiscovered gas hydrate resources on the North Slope, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 69, Report: vii, 101 p.; ReadMe; Executive Summary; CD-ROM .zip, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds69CC.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 101 p.; ReadMe; Executive Summary; CD-ROM .zip","numberOfPages":"111","ipdsId":"IP-039154","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":431363,"rank":9,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9IOB90O","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Limits of the Gas Hydrate stability zone contour lines"},{"id":431362,"rank":8,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P962NZTI","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Total Petroleum Systems"},{"id":431361,"rank":7,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9IQPTP7","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Assessment Units"},{"id":281872,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-069/dds-069-cc/CD-ROM/REPORTS/DDS-69-CC.pdf"},{"id":281867,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-069/dds-069-cc/"},{"id":281874,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-069/dds-069-cc/CD-ROM/REPORTS/DDS-69_CC_EXECUTIVE_SUMMARY.pdf","text":"Executive Summary","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":281875,"rank":5,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-069/dds-069-cc/CD-ROM.zip","text":"CD-ROM","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}},{"id":281873,"rank":6,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-069/dds-069-cc/CD-ROM/READ_ME/READ_ME.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":281876,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds69cc.jpg"}],"projection":"Albers Conical Equal area projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"North Slope","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -168.0,68.0 ], [ -168.0,72.0 ], [ -140.0,72.0 ], [ -140.0,68.0 ], [ -168.0,68.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517057e4b05569d805a33d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"USGS AK Gas Hydrate Assessment Team: Collett, Timothy S.","contributorId":25465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"USGS AK Gas Hydrate Assessment Team: Collett","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Agena, Warren F. wagena@usgs.gov","contributorId":3181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Agena","given":"Warren","email":"wagena@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, Myung Woong","contributorId":15114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Myung","email":"","middleInitial":"Woong","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lewis, Kristen A. 0000-0003-4991-3399 klewis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4991-3399","contributorId":4120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"Kristen","email":"klewis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zyrianova, Margarita V. 0000-0002-3669-1320 rita@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3669-1320","contributorId":1203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zyrianova","given":"Margarita","email":"rita@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":485804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bird, Kenneth J. kbird@usgs.gov","contributorId":1015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bird","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbird@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Charpentier, Ronald R. charpentier@usgs.gov","contributorId":934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Charpentier","given":"Ronald R.","email":"charpentier@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":485802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Cook, Troy A.","contributorId":52519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"Troy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Houseknecht, David W. 0000-0002-9633-6910 dhouse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9633-6910","contributorId":645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houseknecht","given":"David","email":"dhouse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Klett, Timothy R. 0000-0001-9779-1168 tklett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9779-1168","contributorId":709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klett","given":"Timothy R.","email":"tklett@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":485801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Pollastro, Richard M.","contributorId":25100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollastro","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70058636,"text":"sir20135228 - 2014 - Simulation of groundwater flow in the Edwards-Trinity and related aquifers in the Pecos County region, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-05T12:36:54","indexId":"sir20135228","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T13:28:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5228","title":"Simulation of groundwater flow in the Edwards-Trinity and related aquifers in the Pecos County region, Texas","docAbstract":"<p>The Edwards-Trinity aquifer is a vital groundwater resource for agricultural, industrial, and public supply uses in the Pecos County region of western Texas. The U.S. Geological Survey completed a comprehensive, integrated analysis of available hydrogeologic data to develop a numerical groundwater-flow model of the Edwards-Trinity and related aquifers in the study area in parts of Brewster, Jeff Davis, Pecos, and Reeves Counties. The active model area covers about 3,400 square miles of the Pecos County region of Texas west of the Pecos River, and its boundaries were defined to include the saturated areas of the Edwards-Trinity aquifer. The model is a five-layer representation of the Pecos Valley, Edwards-Trinity, Dockum, and Rustler aquifers. The Pecos Valley aquifer is referred to as the alluvial layer, and the Edwards-Trinity aquifer is divided into layers representing the Edwards part of the Edwards-Trinity aquifer and the Trinity part of the Edwards-Trinity aquifer, respectively. The calibration period of the simulation extends from 1940 to 2010. Simulated hydraulic heads generally were in good agreement with observed values; 1,684 out of 2,860 (59 percent) of the simulated values were within 25 feet of the observed value. The average root mean square error value of hydraulic head for the Edwards-Trinity aquifer was 34.2 feet, which was approximately 4 percent of the average total observed change in groundwater-level altitude (groundwater level). Simulated spring flow representing Comanche Springs exhibits a pattern similar to observed spring flow. Independent geochemical modeling corroborates results of simulated groundwater flow that indicates groundwater in the Edwards-Trinity aquifer in the Leon-Belding and Fort Stockton areas is a mixture of recharge from the Barilla and Davis Mountains and groundwater that has upwelled from the Rustler aquifer.</p>\n<p>The model was used to simulate groundwater-level altitudes resulting from prolonged pumping to evaluate sustainability of current and projected water-use demands. Each of three scenarios utilized a continuation of the calibrated model. Scenario 1 extended recent (2008) irrigation and nonirrigation pumping values for a 30-year period from 2010 to 2040. Projected groundwater-level changes in and around the Fort Stockton area under scenario 1 change little from current conditions, indicating that the groundwater system is near equilibrium with respect to recent (2008) pumping stress. Projected groundwater-level declines in the eastern part of the model area ranging from 5.0 to 15.0 feet are likely the result of nonequilibrium conditions associated with recent increases in pumping after a prolonged water-level recovery period of little or no pumping. Projected groundwater-level declines (from 15.0 to 31.0 feet) occurred in localized areas by the end of scenario 1 in the Leon-Belding area. Scenario 2 evaluated the effects of extended recent (2008) pumping rates as assigned in scenario 1 with year-round maximum permitted pumping rates in the Belding area. Results of scenario 2 are similar in water-level decline and extent as those of scenario 1. The extent of the projected groundwater-level decline in the range from 5.0 to 15.0 feet in the Leon-Belding irrigation area expanded slightly (about a 2-percent increase) from that of scenario 1. Maximum projected groundwater-level declines in the Leon-Belding irrigation area were approximately 31.3 feet in small isolated areas. Scenario 3 evaluated the effects of periodic increases in pumping rates over the 30-year extended period. Results of scenario 3 are similar to those of scenario 2 in terms of the areas of groundwater-level decline; however, the maximum projected groundwater-level decline increased to approximately 34.5 feet in the Leon-Belding area, and the extent of the decline was larger in area (about a 17-percent increase) than that of scenario 2. Additionally, the area of projected groundwater-level declines in the eastern part of the model area increased from that of scenario 2&mdash;two individual areas of decline coalesced into one larger area. The localized nature of the projected groundwater-level declines is a reflection of the high degree of fractured control on storage and hydraulic conductivity in the Edwards-Trinity aquifer. Additionally, the finding that simulated spring flow is highly dependent on the transient nature of hydraulic heads in the underlying aquifer indicates the importance of adequately understanding and characterizing the entire groundwater system.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135228","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Middle Pecos Groundwater Conservation District, Pecos County, City of Fort Stockton, Brewster County, and Pecos County Water Control and Improvement District No. 1","usgsCitation":"Clark, B.R., Bumgarner, J.R., Houston, N.A., and Foster, A.L., 2014, Simulation of groundwater flow in the Edwards-Trinity and related aquifers in the Pecos County region, Texas (First posted February 14, 2014; Revised and reposted August 5, 2014, version 1.1): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5228, viii, 55 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135228.","productDescription":"viii, 55 p.","numberOfPages":"67","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052736","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282423,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135228.jpg"},{"id":282420,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5228/pdf/sir2013-5228.pdf"},{"id":282422,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5228/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Pecos County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.5,30.5 ], [ -104.5,31.5 ], [ -101.5,31.5 ], [ -101.5,30.5 ], [ -104.5,30.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"First posted February 14, 2014; Revised and reposted August 5, 2014, version 1.1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53e3414ae4b0567f2770196a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Brian R. 0000-0001-6611-3807 brclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6611-3807","contributorId":1502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Brian","email":"brclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":38131,"text":"WMA - Office of Planning and Programming","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bumgarner, Johnathan R. jbumgarner@usgs.gov","contributorId":5378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bumgarner","given":"Johnathan","email":"jbumgarner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":487214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Houston, Natalie A. 0000-0002-6071-4545 nhouston@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6071-4545","contributorId":1682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houston","given":"Natalie","email":"nhouston@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Foster, Adam L.","contributorId":28944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"Adam","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
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