Although nickel exposure results in allergic reactions, respiratory conditions, and cancer in humans and rodents, the ramifications of excess nickel in the environment for animal and human health remain largely undescribed. Nickel and other cationic metals travel through waterways and bind to soils and sediments. To evaluate the potential toxic effects of nickel at environmental contaminant levels (8.9-7,600 µg Ni/g dry weight of sediment and 50-800 µg NiCl2/L of water), we conducted assays using two cosmopolitan nematodes, Caenorhabditis elegans and Pristionchus pacificus. We assayed the effects of both sediment-bound and aqueous nickel upon animal growth, developmental survival, lifespan, and fecundity. Uncontaminated sediments were collected from sites in the Midwestern United States and spiked with a range of nickel concentrations. We found that nickel-spiked sediment substantially impairs both survival from larval to adult stages and adult longevity in a concentration-dependent manner. Further, while aqueous nickel showed no adverse effects on either survivorship or longevity, we observed a significant decrease in fecundity, indicating that aqueous nickel could have a negative impact on nematode physiology. Intriguingly, C. elegansand P. pacificus exhibit similar, but not identical, responses to nickel exposure. Moreover, P. pacificus could be tested successfully in sediments inhospitable to C. elegans. Our results add to a growing body of literature documenting the impact of nickel on animal physiology, and suggest that environmental toxicological studies could gain an advantage by widening their repertoire of nematode species.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0077079","usgsCitation":"Rudel, D., Douglas, C., Huffnagle, I., Besser, J.M., and Ingersoll, C.G., 2013, Assaying environmental nickel toxicity using model nematodes: PLoS ONE, v. 8, no. 10, e77079; 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0077079.","productDescription":"e77079; 17 p.","numberOfPages":"17","ipdsId":"IP-042421","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473398,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0077079","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":280342,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280340,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0077079"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94.09,36.70 ], [ -94.09,48.02 ], [ -82.00,48.02 ], [ -82.00,36.70 ], [ -94.09,36.70 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"8","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-10-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52b020dee4b0242fceec847e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rudel, David","contributorId":12181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rudel","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Douglas, Chandler","contributorId":27777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"Chandler","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huffnagle, Ian","contributorId":53279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huffnagle","given":"Ian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Besser, John M. 0000-0002-9464-2244 jbesser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9464-2244","contributorId":2073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Besser","given":"John","email":"jbesser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ingersoll, Christopher G. 0000-0003-4531-5949 cingersoll@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-5949","contributorId":2071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"Christopher","email":"cingersoll@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70058846,"text":"70058846 - 2013 - Virulence of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) genotypes Ia, IVa, IVb, and IVc in five fish species.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-04T15:16:49","indexId":"70058846","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-16T14:16:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1396,"text":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Virulence of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) genotypes Ia, IVa, IVb, and IVc in five fish species.","docAbstract":"The susceptibility of yellow perch Perca flavescens, rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, Chinook salmon O. tshawytscha, koi Cyprinus carpio koi, and Pacific herring Clupea pallasii to 4 strains of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) was assessed. Fish were challenged via intraperitoneal injection with high (1 × 106 plaque-forming units, PFU) and low (1 × 103 PFU) doses of a European strain (genotype Ia), and North American strains from the West coast (genotype IVa), Great Lakes (genotype IVb), and the East coast (genotype IVc). Pacific herring were exposed to the same VHSV strains, but at a single dose of 5 × 103 PFU ml-1 by immersion in static seawater. Overall, yellow perch were the most susceptible, with cumulative percent mortality (CPM) ranging from 84 to 100%, and 30 to 93% in fish injected with high or low doses of virus, respectively. Rainbow trout and Chinook salmon experienced higher mortalities (47 to 98% CPM) after exposure to strain Ia than to the other virus genotypes. Pacific herring were most susceptible to strain IVa with an average CPM of 80% and moderately susceptible (42 to 52% CPM) to the other genotypes. Koi had very low susceptibility (≤5.0% CPM) to all 4 VHSV strains. Fish tested at 7 d post challenge were positive for all virus strains, with yellow perch having the highest prevalence and concentrations of virus, and koi the lowest. While genotype Ia had higher virulence in salmonid species, there was little difference in virulence or host-specificity between isolates from subtypes IVa, IVb, and IVc.
","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research Science Center","doi":"10.3354/dao02671","usgsCitation":"Emmenegger, E.J., Moon, C., Hershberger, P., and Kurath, G., 2013, Virulence of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) genotypes Ia, IVa, IVb, and IVc in five fish species.: Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, v. 107, no. 2, p. 99-111, https://doi.org/10.3354/dao02671.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"99","endPage":"111","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-048821","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488157,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/dao02671","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":280339,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"107","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52b02120e4b0242fceec8599","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Emmenegger, Eveline J. 0000-0001-5217-6030 eemmenegger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5217-6030","contributorId":2434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emmenegger","given":"Eveline","email":"eemmenegger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moon, Chang Hoon","contributorId":80176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moon","given":"Chang Hoon","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hershberger, Paul K. phershberger@usgs.gov","contributorId":1945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hershberger","given":"Paul K.","email":"phershberger@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":487395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kurath, Gael 0000-0003-3294-560X gkurath@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3294-560X","contributorId":2629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurath","given":"Gael","email":"gkurath@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70058711,"text":"ofr20131290 - 2013 - Evaluation of the behavior and movement patterns of adult coho salmon and steelhead in the North Fork Toutle River, Washington, 2005-2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-19T08:47:32","indexId":"ofr20131290","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-16T11:29:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1290","title":"Evaluation of the behavior and movement patterns of adult coho salmon and steelhead in the North Fork Toutle River, Washington, 2005-2009","docAbstract":"The 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens severely affected the North Fork Toutle River (hereafter Toutle River), Washington, and threatened anadromous salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) populations in the basin. The Toutle River was further affected in 1989 when a sediment retention structure (SRS) was constructed to trap sediments in the upper basin. The SRS completely blocked upstream volitional passage, so a fish collection facility (FCF) was constructed to trap adult coho salmon (O. kisutch) and steelhead (O. mykiss) so they could be transported upstream of the SRS. The Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW) has operated a trap-and-haul program since 1989 to transport coho salmon and steelhead into tributaries of the Toutle River, upstream of the SRS. Although this program has allowed wild coho salmon and steelhead populations to persist in the Toutle River basin, the trap-andhaul program has faced many challenges that may be limiting the effectiveness of the program. We conducted a multi-year evaluation during 2005–2009 to monitor tagged fish in the upper Toutle River to provide information on the movements and behavior of adult coho salmon and steelhead, and to evaluate the efficacy of the FCF. Radio-tagged coho salmon and steelhead were released: (1) in Toutle River tributaries to evaluate the behavior and movements of fish released as part of the trap-and-haul program; (2) between the FCF and SRS to determine if volitional upstream passage through the SRS spillway was possible; (3) in the sediment plain upstream of the SRS to determine if volitional passage through the sediment plain was possible; and (4) downstream of the FCF to evaluate the efficacy of the structure. We also deployed an acoustic camera in the FCF to monitor fish movements near the entrance to the FCF, and in the fish holding vault where coho salmon and steelhead are trapped.
\nA total of 20 radio-tagged coho salmon and 10 radio-tagged steelhead were released into Alder and Hoffstadt Creeks, the locations where trap-and-haul fish were released during 2005–2006. None of the tagged fish left the tributaries where they were released, but four radio tags were detected near the release sites, and it was not possible to determine if this was because the transmitters were regurgitated, or if some of the tagged fish had died. The results from this portion of the study indicated that trap-and-haul fish remain in the tributaries where they can spawn, but the trap-and-haul process is labor-intensive, and handling stress and mortality could occur.
\nTagged-fish releases upstream of the FCF showed that the SRS spillway was a complete migration barrier for all coho salmon and most steelhead. We released a total of 20 radio-tagged coho salmon and 23 radio-tagged steelhead during 2005–2007. No tagged coho salmon passed upstream through the SRS spillway, whereas 13 percent of the radio-tagged steelhead did migrate upstream through the structure. Radio-tagged coho salmon and steelhead that did not pass upstream remained in the FCF–SRS reach for an average of 7.5 and 16.1 d, respectively, before moving downstream. These data show that trap-and-haul releases of fish immediately upstream of the FCF would not be beneficial to coho salmon and steelhead populations in the system.
\nReleasing tagged fish into the sediment plain was only moderately successful for coho salmon,\nbut a large percentage of tagged steelhead moved upstream through the sediment plain to areas where\nspawning could presumably occur. During 2005–2009, we released 47 tagged coho salmon and 65\ntagged steelhead into the sediment plain. Only 28 percent of the coho salmon were later detected\nupstream of the sediment plain, and the highest percentage of the release group (62 percent) never left\nthe sediment plain. However, 69 percent of the steelhead moved upstream through the sediment plain\nand entered Toutle River tributaries or remained in the mainstem Toutle River where spawning could\npresumably occur. Adult steelhead can survive freshwater spawning, outmigrate to the ocean, and then\nreturn to spawn in successive years; 12 percent of the tagged steelhead successfully moved downstream\nof the FCF after the spawning period, and 5 percent of the tagged steelhead returned to the FCF a year\nafter they were originally tagged.
\nEvaluations at the FCF showed that the structure was not efficient at collecting adult salmon.\nDuring 2008–2009, 9 radio-tagged coho salmon and 11 radio-tagged steelhead were released to observe\nbehavior near the facility and to estimate the recapture rate in the FCF. None of the tagged coho salmon\nwere recaptured and only 27 percent of the tagged steelhead were recaptured. Additionally, we observed\nfish behavior at the FCF with an acoustic camera and found that relatively large numbers (>100\nfish/sampling period) of adult salmon entered the FCF but similar numbers of fish exited during these\nperiods as well. This suggested that the efficacy of the FCF was low.
\nOur study was limited by the number of fish that could be handled each year and the number of\ntransmitters that could be purchased annually, but our evaluations provided the first empirical data on\nadult salmon behavior and movement patterns in the Toutle River since the 1980 eruption of Mount St.\nHelens. Since the completion of this work, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers has altered the SRS\nspillway and sediment plain; however, our results do provide information to assist fishery managers\ntasked with the complex management of wild salmon populations in the Toutle River. Future\nevaluations of juvenile and adult salmon behavior and movement likely will be required to effectively\nmanage these populations in this complex system.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131290","usgsCitation":"Liedtke, T.L., Kock, T.J., and Rondorf, D.W., 2013, Evaluation of the behavior and movement patterns of adult coho salmon and steelhead in the North Fork Toutle River, Washington, 2005-2009: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1290, iv, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131290.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-050770","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280326,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131290.JPG"},{"id":280325,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1290/pdf/ofr2013-1290.pdf"},{"id":280324,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1290/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"North Fork Toutle River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.385782,46.240798 ], [ -122.385782,46.28767 ], [ -122.182554,46.28767 ], [ -122.182554,46.240798 ], [ -122.385782,46.240798 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52b0211ee4b0242fceec857d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liedtke, Theresa L. 0000-0001-6063-9867 tliedtke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6063-9867","contributorId":2999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liedtke","given":"Theresa","email":"tliedtke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kock, Tobias J. 0000-0001-8976-0230 tkock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8976-0230","contributorId":3038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kock","given":"Tobias","email":"tkock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rondorf, Dennis W. drondorf@usgs.gov","contributorId":2970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rondorf","given":"Dennis","email":"drondorf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70049017,"text":"sir20135181 - 2013 - Hydrology and water quality of Shell Lake, Washburn County, Wisconsin, with special emphasis on the effects of diversion and changes in water level on the water quality of a shallow terminal lake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-06T12:17:35","indexId":"sir20135181","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-16T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5181","title":"Hydrology and water quality of Shell Lake, Washburn County, Wisconsin, with special emphasis on the effects of diversion and changes in water level on the water quality of a shallow terminal lake","docAbstract":"Shell Lake is a relatively shallow terminal lake (tributaries but no outlets) in northwestern Wisconsin that has experienced approximately 10 feet (ft) of water-level fluctuation over more than 70 years of record and extensive flooding of nearshore areas starting in the early 2000s. The City of Shell Lake (City) received a permit from the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources in 2002 to divert water from the lake to a nearby river in order to lower water levels and reduce flooding. Previous studies suggested that water-level fluctuations were driven by long-term cycles in precipitation, evaporation, and runoff, although questions about the lake’s connection with the groundwater system remained. The permit required that the City evaluate assumptions about lake/groundwater interactions made in previous studies and evaluate the effects of the water diversion on water levels in Shell Lake and other nearby lakes. Therefore, a cooperative study between the City and U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) was initiated to improve the understanding of the hydrogeology of the area and evaluate potential effects of the diversion on water levels in Shell Lake, the surrounding groundwater system, and nearby lakes. Concerns over deteriorating water quality in the lake, possibly associated with changes in water level, prompted an additional cooperative project between the City and the USGS to evaluate efeffects of changes in nutrient loading associated with changes in water levels on the water quality of Shell Lake. Numerical models were used to evaluate how the hydrology and water quality responded to diversion of water from the lake and historical changes in the watershed. The groundwater-flow model MODFLOW was used to simulate groundwater movement in the area around Shell Lake, including groundwater/surface-water interactions. Simulated results from the MODFLOW model indicate that groundwater flows generally northward in the area around Shell Lake, with flow locally converging toward the lake. Total groundwater inflow to Shell Lake is small (approximately 5 percent of the water budget) compared with water entering the lake from precipitation (83 percent) and surface-water runoff (13 percent). The MODFLOW model also was used to simulate average annual hydrologic conditions from 1949 to 2009, including effects of the removal of 3 billion gallons of water during 2003–5. The maximum decline in simulated average annual water levels for Shell Lake due to the diversion alone was 3.3 ft at the end of the diversion process in 2005. Model simulations also indicate that although water level continued to decline through 2009 in response to local weather patterns (local drought), the effects of the diversion decreased after the diversion ceased; that is, after 4 years of recovery (2006–9), drawdown attributable to the diversion alone decreased by about 0.6 ft because of increased groundwater inflow and decreased lake-water outflow to groundwater caused by the artificially lower lake level. A delayed response in drawdown of less than 0.5 ft was transmitted through the groundwater-flow system to upgradient lakes. This relatively small effect on upgradient lakes is attributed in part to extensive layers of shallow clay that limit lake/groundwater interaction in the area. Data collected in the lake indicated that Shell Lake is polymictic (characterized by frequent deep mixing) and that its productivity is limited by the amount of phosphorus in the lake. The lake was typically classified as oligotrophic-mesotrophic in June, mesotrophic in July, and mesotrophic-eutrophic in August. In polymictic lakes like Shell Lake, phosphorus released from the sediments is not trapped near the bottom of the lake but is intermittently released to the shallow water, resulting in deteriorating water quality as summer progresses. Because the productivity of Shell Lake is limited by phosphorus, the sources of phosphorus to the lake were quantified, and the response in water quality to changes in phosphorus inputs were evaluated by means of eutrophication models. During 2009, the total input of phosphorus to Shell Lake was 1,730 pounds (lb), of which 1,320 lb came from external sources (76 percent) and 414 lb came from internal loading from sediments in the lake (24 percent). The largest external source was from surface-water runoff, which delivered about 52 percent of the total phosphorus load compared with about 13 percent of the water input. The second largest source was from precipitation (wetfall and dryfall), which delivered 19 percent of the load compared to about 83 percent of the water input. Contributions from septic systems and groundwater accounted for about 3 and 2 percent, respectively. Increased runoff raises water levels in the lake but does not necessarily increase phosphorus loading because phosphorus concentrations in the tributaries decline during increased flow, possibly because of shorter retention times in upstream wetlands. Phosphorus loading to the lake in 2009 represented what occurred after a series of dry years; therefore, this information was combined with data from 2011, a wet year, to estimate phosphorus loading during a range of hydrologic conditions by estimating loading from each component of the phosphorus budget for each year from 1949 to 2011. Comparisons of historical water-quality records with historical water levels and applications of a hydrodynamic model (Dynamic Lake Model, DLM) and empirical eutrophication models were used to understand how changes in water level and the coinciding changes in phosphorus loading affect the water quality of Shell Lake. DLM simulations indicate that large changes in water level (approximately 10 ft) affect the persistence of stratification in the lake. During periods with low water levels, the lake is a well-mixed, polymictic system, with water quality degrading slightly as summer progresses. During periods with high water levels, the lake is more stratified, and phosphorus from internal loading is trapped in the hypolimnion and released later in summer, which results in more extreme seasonality in water quality and better clarity in early summer. Results of eutrophication model simulations using a range in external phosphorus inputs illustrate how water quality in Shell Lake (phosphorus and chlorophyll a concentrations and Secchi depths) responds to changes in external phosphorus loading. Results indicate that a 50-percent reduction in external loading from that measured in 2009 would be required to change phosphorus concentrations from 0.018 milligram per liter (mg/L) (measured in 2009) to 0.012 mg/L (estimated for the mid-1800s from analysis of diatoms in sediment cores). Such reductions in phosphorus loading cannot be accomplished by targeting septic systems or internal loading alone because septic systems contribute only about 3 percent of the phosphorus input to the lake, and internal loading from the sediments of Shell Lake contributes only about 25 percent of phosphorus input. Complete elimination of phosphorus from septic systems and internal loading would decrease the phosphorus concentrations in the lake by 0.003–0.004 mg/L. Therefore, reducing phosphorus concentration in the lake more than by 0.004 mg/L requires decreasing phosphorus loading from surface-water contributions, primarily runoff to the lake. Reconstructed changes in water quality from 1860 to 2010, based on changes in the diatom communities archived in the sediments and eutrophication model simulations, suggest that anthropogenic changes in the watershed (sawmill construction in 1881; the establishment of the village of Shell Lake; and land-use changes in the 1920s, including increased agriculture) had a much larger effect on water quality than the natural changes associated with fluctuations in water level. Although the effects of natural changes in water level on water quality appear to be small, changes in water level do have a modest effect on water quality, primarily manifested as small improvements during higher water levels. Fluctuations in water level, however, have a larger effect on the seasonality of water-quality patterns, with better water quality, especially increased Secchi depths, in early summer during years with high water levels.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135181","collaboration":"In cooperation with the City of Shell Lake, Wisconsin","usgsCitation":"Juckem, P.F., and Robertson, D.M., 2013, Hydrology and water quality of Shell Lake, Washburn County, Wisconsin, with special emphasis on the effects of diversion and changes in water level on the water quality of a shallow terminal lake: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5181, Report: x, 77 p.; Appendix 1: PDF file; Appendix 2: PDF file, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135181.","productDescription":"Report: x, 77 p.; Appendix 1: PDF file; Appendix 2: PDF file","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-045912","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280323,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135181.jpg"},{"id":280321,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5181/pdf/sir2013-5181_appendix1.pdf"},{"id":280322,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5181/pdf/sir2013-5181_appendix2.pdf"},{"id":280320,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5181/pdf/sir2013-5181.pdf"},{"id":280319,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5181/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Washburn County","otherGeospatial":"Shell Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.94286346435547,\n 45.75506798173109\n ],\n [\n -91.86355590820312,\n 45.75530752680575\n ],\n [\n -91.86424255371094,\n 45.70881653205482\n ],\n [\n -91.89960479736327,\n 45.7066587939899\n ],\n [\n -91.9068145751953,\n 45.70929601809127\n ],\n [\n -91.94252014160156,\n 45.70953575956707\n ],\n [\n -91.94286346435547,\n 45.75506798173109\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52b0211fe4b0242fceec8584","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Juckem, Paul F. 0000-0002-3613-1761 pfjuckem@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3613-1761","contributorId":1905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Juckem","given":"Paul","email":"pfjuckem@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robertson, Dale M. 0000-0001-6799-0596 dzrobert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-0596","contributorId":150760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Dale","email":"dzrobert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70049012,"text":"sir20135183 - 2013 - Assessment of water-quality data from Long Lake National Wildlife Refuge, North Dakota--2008 through 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-16T11:05:29","indexId":"sir20135183","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-16T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5183","title":"Assessment of water-quality data from Long Lake National Wildlife Refuge, North Dakota--2008 through 2012","docAbstract":"ong Lake National Wildlife Refuge, located in south-central North Dakota, is an important habitat for numerous migratory birds and waterfowl, including several threatened or endangered species. The refuge is distinguished by Long Lake, which is approximately 65 square kilometers and consists of four primary water management units. Water levels in the Long Lake units are maintained by low-level dikes and water-control structures, which after construction during the 1930s increased the water-storage capacity of Long Lake and reduced the frequency and volume of flushing flows downstream. The altered water regime, along with the negative precipitation:evaporation ratio of the region, may be contributing to the accumulation of water-borne chemical constituents such as salts, trace metals, and other constituents, which at certain threshold concentrations may impair aquatic plant, invertebrate, and bird communities of the refuge. The refuge’s comprehensive conservation planning process identified the need for water-quality monitoring to assess current (2013) conditions, establish comparative baselines, evaluate changes over time (trends), and support adaptive management of the wetland units. In 2008, the U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and North Dakota Department of Health began a water-quality monitoring program at Long Lake National Wildlife Refuge to address these needs. Biweekly water-quality samples were collected for ions, trace metals, and nutrients; and in situ sensors and data loggers were installed for the continuous measurement of specific conductance and water depth.\n\nLong Lake was characterized primarily by sodium, bicarbonate, and sulfate ions. Overall results for total alkalinity and hardness were 580 and 329 milligrams per liter, respectively; thus, Long Lake is considered alkaline and classified as very hard. The mean pH and sodium adsorption ratio for Long Lake were 8.8 and 10, respectively. Total dissolved solids concentrations averaged approximately 1,750 milligrams per liter, and ranged from 117 to 39,700 milligrams per liter. Twelve of the 14 trace metals detected in the water samples had established North Dakota water-quality standards for aquatic life, and only aluminum and copper consistently exceeded these criteria. Aluminum is considered harmful to aquatic biota in acidic (pH less than 5.5) systems and most of the copper standard exceedances were collected from highly concentrated waters because of evaporation and seasonally low water levels. Concentrations for various forms of nitrogen and phosphorus generally were similar to reported regional values.\n\nSpecific conductance of Long Lake varied seasonally and annually both within and among management units, with values ranging from less than 500 to nearly 40,000 microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius. Long Lake was characterized by consistent seasonal patterns of increasing specific conductance from spring (March and April) to fall (September and October), with levels stabilizing through the end of the sampling season (November). These seasonal patterns in specific conductance were associated with decreasing water levels throughout the summer due primarily to evaporation and continuous water releases through the Unit 1 outlet structure, which resulted in the concentration of salts. Specific conductance of each unit, along with water levels, also varied among years. Overall, specific conductance levels were greatest during the drier year of 2008 when water levels were low. Specific conductance levels were lowest during the spring of 2009 following above-average volumes of fresh water from snowmelt runoff. Comparisons of specific conductance among sample sites that were spatially distributed within each management unit suggested that spatial variability within units was low except for areas associated with local inflows.\n\nData collected during this study revealed consistent seasonal patterns and low within-unit spatial variability of specific conductance. Based on these data results, future sample collection efforts may be reduced, as well as the number of sample locations, to limit sampling costs. Water-quality samples collected monthly or seasonally during the growing season (spring, summer, and fall) from a single representative location within each water-management unit should provide sufficient data to assess seasonal changes in water-quality over time and provide information for Long Lake management decisions.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135183","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and North Dakota Department of Health","usgsCitation":"Tangen, B., Finocchiaro, R.G., Gleason, R.A., Rabenberg, M.J., Dahl, C.F., and Ell, M., 2013, Assessment of water-quality data from Long Lake National Wildlife Refuge, North Dakota--2008 through 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5183, Report: vi, 27 p.; Appendix 1: XLSX file; Appendix 2: XLSX file, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135183.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 27 p.; Appendix 1: XLSX file; Appendix 2: XLSX file","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-045659","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280315,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135183.jpg"},{"id":280316,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5183/"},{"id":280317,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5183/pdf/sir2013-5183.pdf"},{"id":280318,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5183/downloads/"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator, zone 13N","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Long Lake National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -100.327148,46.658156 ], [ -100.327148,46.773731 ], [ -99.983482,46.773731 ], [ -99.983482,46.658156 ], [ -100.327148,46.658156 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52b0211ee4b0242fceec8576","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tangen, Brian A. 0000-0001-5157-9882 btangen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5157-9882","contributorId":467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tangen","given":"Brian A.","email":"btangen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":486015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Finocchiaro, Raymond G. rfinocchiaro@usgs.gov","contributorId":3673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finocchiaro","given":"Raymond","email":"rfinocchiaro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":486017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gleason, Robert A. 0000-0001-5308-8657 rgleason@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5308-8657","contributorId":2402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gleason","given":"Robert","email":"rgleason@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rabenberg, Michael J.","contributorId":47278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rabenberg","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dahl, Charles F. cdahl@usgs.gov","contributorId":4052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dahl","given":"Charles","email":"cdahl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ell, Mike J.","contributorId":101175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ell","given":"Mike J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70168902,"text":"70168902 - 2013 - Detectability of thermal signatures associated with active formation of ‘chaos terrain’ on Europa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-07T16:02:36","indexId":"70168902","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-15T16:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detectability of thermal signatures associated with active formation of ‘chaos terrain’ on Europa","docAbstract":"A recent study by Schmidt et al. (2011) suggests that Thera Macula, one of the “chaos regions” on Europa, may be actively forming over a large liquid water lens. Such a process could conceivably produce a thermal anomaly detectable by a future Europa orbiter or flyby mission, allowing for a direct verification of this finding. Here, we present a set of models that quantitatively assess the surface and subsurface temperatures associated with an actively resurfacing chaos region using constraints from Thera Macula. The results of this numerical study suggest that the surface temperature over an active chaos region can be as high as ∼200 K. However, low-resolution Galileo Photo-Polarimeter Radiometer (PPR) observations indicate temperatures below 120 K over Thera Macula. This suggests that Thera Macula is not currently active unless an insulating layer of at least a few centimeters in thickness is present, or activity is confined to small regions, reducing the overall intensity of the thermal signature. Alternatively, Thera may have been cooling for at least 10–100 yr and still contain a subsurface lake, which can take ∼300,000 yr to crystallize. According to the present study, a more sensitive instrument capable of detecting anomalies ∼5 K above ambient could detect activity at Thera Macula even if an insulating layer of ∼50 cm is present.
\n","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2013.09.027","usgsCitation":"Abramov, O., Rathbun, J., Schmidt, B.E., and Spencer, J.R., 2013, Detectability of thermal signatures associated with active formation of ‘chaos terrain’ on Europa: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 384, p. 37-41, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2013.09.027.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"37","endPage":"41","numberOfPages":"5","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-042686","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318669,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Europa","volume":"384","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56deb441e4b015c306fb89b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Abramov, Oleg oabramov@usgs.gov","contributorId":604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abramov","given":"Oleg","email":"oabramov@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rathbun, J.","contributorId":9814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rathbun","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":622103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schmidt, Britney E.","contributorId":167380,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Britney","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":622104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Spencer, John R.","contributorId":167381,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spencer","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":622105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70118277,"text":"70118277 - 2013 - Discerning crystal growth from diffusion profiles in zoned olivine by in situ Mg–Fe isotopic analyses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-28T11:13:27","indexId":"70118277","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-15T11:06:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Discerning crystal growth from diffusion profiles in zoned olivine by in situ Mg–Fe isotopic analyses","docAbstract":"Mineral zoning is used in diffusion-based geospeedometry to determine magmatic timescales. Progress in this field has been hampered by the challenge to discern mineral zoning produced by diffusion from concentration gradients inherited from crystal growth. A zoned olivine phenocryst from Kilauea Iki lava lake (Hawaii) was selected for this study to evaluate the potential of Mg and Fe isotopes for distinguishing these two processes. Microdrilling of the phenocryst (∼300 μm drill holes) followed by MC-ICPMS analysis of the powders revealed negatively coupled Mg and Fe isotopic fractionations (δ26Mg from +0.1‰ to −0.2‰ and δ56Fe from −1.2‰ to −0.2‰ from core to rim), which can only be explained by Mg–Fe exchange between melt and olivine. The data can be explained with ratios of diffusivities of Mg and Fe isotopes in olivine scaling as D2/D1 = (m1/m2)β with βMg ∼0.16 and βFe ∼0.27. LA-MC-ICPMS and MC-SIMS Fe isotopic measurements are developed and are demonstrated to yield accurate δ56Fe measurements within precisions of ∼0.2‰ (1 SD) at spatial resolutions of ∼50 μm. δ56Fe and δ26Mg stay constant with Fo# in the rim (late-stage overgrowth), whereas in the core (original phenocryst) δ56Fe steeply trends toward lighter compositions and δ26Mg trends toward heavier compositions with higher Fo#. A plot of δ56Fe vs. Fo# immediately distinguishes growth-controlled from diffusion-controlled zoning in these two regions. The results are consistent with the idea that large isotopic fractionation accompanies chemical diffusion in crystals, whereas fractional crystallization induces little or no isotopic fractionation. The cooling timescale inferred from the chemical-isotope zoning profiles is consistent with the documented cooling history of the lava lake. In the absence of geologic context, in situ stable isotopic measurements may now be used to interpret the nature of mineral zoning. Stable isotope measurements by LA-MC-ICPMS and MC-SIMS can be used as standard petrologic tools to identify samples for diffusion-based geospeedometry.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geochemical Society","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2013.06.008","usgsCitation":"Sio, C.K., Dauphas, N., Teng, F., Chaussidon, M., Helz, R., and Roskosz, M., 2013, Discerning crystal growth from diffusion profiles in zoned olivine by in situ Mg–Fe isotopic analyses: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 123, p. 302-321, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2013.06.008.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"302","endPage":"321","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291139,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291138,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2013.06.008"}],"volume":"123","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f1e7e4b0bc0bec0a008a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sio, Corliss Kin I.","contributorId":26634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sio","given":"Corliss","email":"","middleInitial":"Kin I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dauphas, Nicolas","contributorId":67430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dauphas","given":"Nicolas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Teng, Fang-Zhen","contributorId":87075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teng","given":"Fang-Zhen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chaussidon, Marc","contributorId":99486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chaussidon","given":"Marc","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Helz, Rosalind T. 0000-0003-1550-0684","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1550-0684","contributorId":66181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helz","given":"Rosalind T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Roskosz, Mathieu","contributorId":72317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roskosz","given":"Mathieu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70118560,"text":"70118560 - 2013 - Hydration free energies of cyanide and hydroxide ions from molecular dynamics simulations with accurate force fields","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-29T11:46:54","indexId":"70118560","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-14T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3058,"text":"Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydration free energies of cyanide and hydroxide ions from molecular dynamics simulations with accurate force fields","docAbstract":"The evaluation of hydration free energies is a sensitive test to assess force fields used in atomistic simulations. We showed recently that the vibrational relaxation times, 1D- and 2D-infrared spectroscopies for CN(-) in water can be quantitatively described from molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with multipolar force fields and slightly enlarged van der Waals radii for the C- and N-atoms. To validate such an approach, the present work investigates the solvation free energy of cyanide in water using MD simulations with accurate multipolar electrostatics. It is found that larger van der Waals radii are indeed necessary to obtain results close to the experimental values when a multipolar force field is used. For CN(-), the van der Waals ranges refined in our previous work yield hydration free energy between -72.0 and -77.2 kcal mol(-1), which is in excellent agreement with the experimental data. In addition to the cyanide ion, we also study the hydroxide ion to show that the method used here is readily applicable to similar systems. Hydration free energies are found to sensitively depend on the intermolecular interactions, while bonded interactions are less important, as expected. We also investigate in the present work the possibility of applying the multipolar force field in scoring trajectories generated using computationally inexpensive methods, which should be useful in broader parametrization studies with reduced computational resources, as scoring is much faster than the generation of the trajectories.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Royal Society of Chemistry","publisherLocation":"Cambridge","doi":"10.1039/c3cp52713a","usgsCitation":"Lee, M.W., and Meuwly, M., 2013, Hydration free energies of cyanide and hydroxide ions from molecular dynamics simulations with accurate force fields: Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, v. 15, no. 46, p. 20303-20312, https://doi.org/10.1039/c3cp52713a.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"20303","endPage":"20312","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291295,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291294,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3cp52713a"}],"volume":"15","issue":"46","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f1e7e4b0bc0bec0a008c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Myung W.","contributorId":84358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Myung","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meuwly, M.","contributorId":79030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meuwly","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70049001,"text":"ofr20131223 - 2013 - Wyoming Basin Rapid Ecoregional Assessment: Work Plan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-13T13:32:50","indexId":"ofr20131223","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-13T13:19:25","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1223","title":"Wyoming Basin Rapid Ecoregional Assessment: Work Plan","docAbstract":"The overall goal of the Rapid Ecoregional Assessments (REAs) being conducted for the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) is to provide information that supports regional planning and analysis for the management of ecological resources. The REA provides an assessment of baseline ecological conditions, an evaluation of current risks from drivers of ecosystem change, and a predictive capacity for evaluating future risks. The REA also may be used for identifying priority areas for conservation or restoration and for assessing the cumulative effects of a variety of land uses. There are several components of the REAs. Management Questions, developed by the BLM and partners for the ecoregion, identify the information needed for addressing land-management responsibilities. Conservation Elements represent regionally significant aquatic and terrestrial species and communities that are to be conserved and (or) restored. The REA also will evaluate major drivers of ecosystem change (Change Agents) currently affecting or likely to affect the status of Conservation Elements. We selected 8 major biomes and 19 species or species assemblages to be included as Conservation Elements. We will address the four primary Change Agents—development, fire, invasive species, and climate change—required for the REA. The purpose of the work plan for the Wyoming Basin REA is to document the selection process for, and final list of, Management Questions, Conservation Elements, and Change Agents. The work plan also presents the overall assessment framework that will be used to assess the status of Conservation Elements and answer Management Questions.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131223","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"Carr, N.B., Garman, S.L., Walters, A., Ray, A., Melcher, C.P., Wesner, J.S., O’Donnell, M., Sherrill, K.R., Babel, N.C., and Bowen, Z.H., 2013, Wyoming Basin Rapid Ecoregional Assessment: Work Plan: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1223, ix, 59 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131223.","productDescription":"ix, 59 p.","numberOfPages":"68","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-045368","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280299,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131223.jpg"},{"id":280298,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1223/pdf/of2013-1223.pdf"},{"id":280297,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1223/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.0569,40.9947 ], [ -111.0569,45.0059 ], [ -104.0522,45.0059 ], [ -104.0522,40.9947 ], [ -111.0569,40.9947 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52ac2c90e4b004a77d23c4d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carr, Natasha B. 0000-0002-4842-0632 carrn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4842-0632","contributorId":1918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"Natasha","email":"carrn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garman, Steven L. 0000-0002-9032-9074 slgarman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9032-9074","contributorId":3741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garman","given":"Steven","email":"slgarman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walters, Annika","contributorId":56133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"Annika","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ray, Andrea","contributorId":71869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ray","given":"Andrea","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Melcher, Cynthia P. 0000-0002-8044-9689 melcherc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8044-9689","contributorId":5094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melcher","given":"Cynthia","email":"melcherc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wesner, Jeff S.","contributorId":6754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wesner","given":"Jeff","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"O’Donnell, Michael S.","contributorId":60527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Donnell","given":"Michael S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Sherrill, Kirk R.","contributorId":83017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrill","given":"Kirk","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Babel, Nils C.","contributorId":42862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Babel","given":"Nils","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Bowen, Zachary H. 0000-0002-8656-1831 bowenz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8656-1831","contributorId":821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowen","given":"Zachary","email":"bowenz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70154908,"text":"70154908 - 2013 - Elaphodus cephalophus (Artiodactyla: Cervidae)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-10T11:46:56","indexId":"70154908","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-13T12:45:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2654,"text":"Mammalian Species","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Elaphodus cephalophus (Artiodactyla: Cervidae)","docAbstract":"
Elaphodus cephalophus Milne-Edwards, 1872 (tufted deer) is usually considered polytypic with 3 or 4 recognized subspecies, depending on the source. It is a small dark chocolate-brown deer typified by a tuft of hair on its crown, sharp upper canines that protrude downward from under the upper lip, and rudimentary antlers on males; it is similar to muntjacs, to which it is closely related. E. cephalophusoccurs in humid, montane forests at elevations of 300–4,750 m in southwestern through southeastern China and perhaps northwestern Myanmar (historical records). Vulnerable to poaching in remote areas and relatively uncommon in zoos, it is considered vulnerable as a Class II species in China and listed as “Near Threatened” by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Mammalogists","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1644/904.1","usgsCitation":"Leslie, D., Lee, D., and Dolman, R.W., 2013, Elaphodus cephalophus (Artiodactyla: Cervidae): Mammalian Species, v. 45, no. 904, p. 80-91, https://doi.org/10.1644/904.1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"80","endPage":"91","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-044407","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473399,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1644/904.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":306535,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"904","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55c9cb2be4b08400b1fdb6db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leslie, David M. Jr. cleslie@usgs.gov","contributorId":145497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leslie","given":"David M.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"cleslie@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":564338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, D.","contributorId":25534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dolman, Richard W.","contributorId":146382,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dolman","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70048774,"text":"70048774 - 2013 - The population history of endogenous retroviruses in mule deer (Odocoileus heminous)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T16:46:48","indexId":"70048774","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-13T11:52:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2333,"text":"Journal of Heredity","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"The population history of endogenous retroviruses in mule deer (Odocoileus heminous)","title":"The population history of endogenous retroviruses in mule deer (Odocoileus heminous)","docAbstract":"Mobile elements are powerful agents of genomic evolution and can be exceptionally informative markers for investigating species and population-level evolutionary history. While several studies have utilized retrotransposon-based insertional polymorphisms to resolve phylogenies, few population studies exist outside of humans. Endogenous retroviruses are LTR-retrotransposons derived from retroviruses that have become stably integrated in the host genome during past infections and transmitted vertically to subsequent generations. They offer valuable insight into host-virus co-evolution and a unique perspective on host evolutionary history because they integrate into the genome at a discrete point in time. We examined the evolutionary history of a cervid endogenous gammaretrovirus (CrERVγ) in mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus). We sequenced 14 CrERV proviruses (CrERV-in1 to -in14), and examined the prevalence and distribution of 13 proviruses in 262 deer among 15 populations from Montana, Wyoming, and Utah. CrERV absence in white-tailed deer (O. virginianus), identical 5′ and 3′ long terminal repeat (LTR) sequences, insertional polymorphism, and CrERV divergence time estimates indicated that most endogenization events occurred within the last 200000 years. Population structure inferred from CrERVs (F ST = 0.008) and microsatellites (θ = 0.01) was low, but significant, with Utah, northwestern Montana, and a Helena herd being particularly differentiated. Clustering analyses indicated regional structuring, and non-contiguous clustering could often be explained by known translocations. Cluster ensemble results indicated spatial localization of viruses, specifically in deer from northeastern and western Montana. This study demonstrates the utility of endogenous retroviruses to elucidate and provide novel insight into both ERV evolutionary history and the history of contemporary host populations.","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","publisherLocation":"Oxford, UK","doi":"10.1093/jhered/est088","usgsCitation":"Kamath, P.L., Elleder, D., Bao, L., Cross, P.C., Powell, J.H., and Poss, M., 2013, The population history of endogenous retroviruses in mule deer (Odocoileus heminous): Journal of Heredity, v. 105, no. 2, p. 173-187, https://doi.org/10.1093/jhered/est088.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"173","endPage":"187","numberOfPages":"15","ipdsId":"IP-044748","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473400,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jhered/est088","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":281000,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280997,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhered/est088"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana;Utah;Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.05,37.0 ], [ -116.05,49.0 ], [ -104.04,49.0 ], [ -104.04,37.0 ], [ -116.05,37.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"105","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd785ce4b0b2908510c17e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kamath, Pauline L. pkamath@usgs.gov","contributorId":4517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kamath","given":"Pauline","email":"pkamath@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elleder, Daniel","contributorId":105225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elleder","given":"Daniel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bao, Le","contributorId":106412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bao","given":"Le","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cross, Paul C. 0000-0001-8045-5213 pcross@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8045-5213","contributorId":2709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cross","given":"Paul","email":"pcross@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Powell, John H.","contributorId":52889,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Powell","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":5098,"text":"Department of Ecology, Montana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":485607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Poss, Mary","contributorId":79003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poss","given":"Mary","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70056023,"text":"ofr20131277 - 2013 - Transient simulation of groundwater levels within a sandbar of the Colorado River, Marble Canyon, Arizona, 2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-13T11:20:31","indexId":"ofr20131277","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-13T11:14:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1277","title":"Transient simulation of groundwater levels within a sandbar of the Colorado River, Marble Canyon, Arizona, 2004","docAbstract":"Seepage erosion and mass failure of emergent sandy deposits along the Colorado River in Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, are a function of the elevation of groundwater in the sandbar, fluctuations in river stage, the exfiltration of water from the bar face, and the slope of the bar face. In this study, a generalized three-dimensional numerical model was developed to predict the time-varying groundwater level, within the bar face region of a freshly deposited eddy sandbar, as a function of river stage. Model verification from two transient simulations demonstrates the ability of the model to predict groundwater levels within the onshore portion of the sandbar face across a range of conditions. Use of this generalized model is applicable across a range of typical eddy sandbar deposits in diverse settings. The ability to predict the groundwater level at the onshore end of the sandbar face is essential for both physical and numerical modeling efforts focusing on the erosion and mass failure of eddy sandbars downstream of Glen Canyon Dam along the Colorado River.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131277","issn":"2331-1258","usgsCitation":"Sabol, T., and Springer, A., 2013, Transient simulation of groundwater levels within a sandbar of the Colorado River, Marble Canyon, Arizona, 2004: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1277, v, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131277.","productDescription":"v, 22 p.","numberOfPages":"27","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2004-01-01","temporalEnd":"2004-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-037273","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280293,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131277.jpg"},{"id":280291,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1277/"},{"id":280292,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1277/pdf/ofr2013-1277.pdf"}],"datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Marble Canyon;Colorado River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.5,35.5 ], [ -114.5,37.5 ], [ -111.0,37.5 ], [ -111.0,35.5 ], [ -114.5,35.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52ac2c8fe4b004a77d23c4cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sabol, Thomas A.","contributorId":67186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sabol","given":"Thomas A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Springer, Abraham E.","contributorId":9558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Springer","given":"Abraham E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70173424,"text":"70173424 - 2013 - Cambarus (C.) hatfieldi, a new species of crayfish (Decapoda:Cambaridae) from the Tug Fork River Basin of Kentucky, Virginia and West Virginia, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-20T16:12:07","indexId":"70173424","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-13T07:45:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3814,"text":"Zootaxa","onlineIssn":"1175-5334","printIssn":"1175-5326","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cambarus (C.) hatfieldi, a new species of crayfish (Decapoda:Cambaridae) from the Tug Fork River Basin of Kentucky, Virginia and West Virginia, USA","docAbstract":"","language":"English","publisher":"Magnolia Press","doi":"10.11646/zootaxa.3750.3.3","usgsCitation":"Loughman, Z.J., Fagundo, R.A., Lau, E., Welsh, S., and Thoma, R.F., 2013, Cambarus (C.) hatfieldi, a new species of crayfish (Decapoda:Cambaridae) from the Tug Fork River Basin of Kentucky, Virginia and West Virginia, USA: Zootaxa, v. 3750, no. 3, p. 223-236, https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3750.3.3.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"223","endPage":"236","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-043816","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324046,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kentucky, Virginia, West Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Tug Fork River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.69384765625,\n 36.60670888641815\n ],\n [\n -83.69384765625,\n 38.96795115401593\n ],\n [\n -80.70556640625,\n 38.96795115401593\n ],\n [\n -80.70556640625,\n 36.60670888641815\n ],\n [\n -83.69384765625,\n 36.60670888641815\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"3750","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-12-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576913ade4b07657d19fef77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loughman, Zachary J.","contributorId":76157,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Loughman","given":"Zachary","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fagundo, Raquel A.","contributorId":172204,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fagundo","given":"Raquel","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lau, Evan","contributorId":172205,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lau","given":"Evan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Welsh, Stuart A. 0000-0003-0362-054X swelsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0362-054X","contributorId":152088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welsh","given":"Stuart A.","email":"swelsh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":637108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thoma, Roger F.","contributorId":172206,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thoma","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70155903,"text":"70155903 - 2013 - Petrogenesis of Mount Rainier andesite: Magma flux and geologic controls on the contrasting differentiation styles at stratovolcanoes of the southern Washington Cascades","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-15T16:30:20.939756","indexId":"70155903","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Petrogenesis of Mount Rainier andesite: Magma flux and geologic controls on the contrasting differentiation styles at stratovolcanoes of the southern Washington Cascades","docAbstract":"Quaternary Mount Rainier (Washington, USA) of the Cascades magmatic arc consists of porphyritic calc-alkaline andesites and subordinate dacites, with common evidence for mingling and mixing with less evolved magmas encompassing andesites, basaltic andesites, and rarely, basalts. Basaltic andesites and amphibole andesites (spessartites) that erupted from vents at the north foot of the volcano represent some of Mount Rainier’s immediate parents and overlap in composition with regional basalts and basaltic andesites. Geochemical (major and trace elements) and isotopic (Sr, Nd, Pb, O) compositions of Mount Rainier andesites and dacites are consistent with modest assimilation (typically ≤20 wt%) of evolved sediment or sediment partial melt. Sandstones and shales of the Eocene Puget Group, derived from the continental interior, are exposed in regional anticlines flanking the volcano, and probably underlie it in the middle to lower crust, accounting for their assimilation. Mesozoic and Cenozoic igneous basement rocks are unsuitable as assimilants due to their high 143Nd/144Nd, diverse 206Pb/204Pb, and generally high δ18O.
The dominant cause of magmatic evolution at Mount Rainier, however, is inferred to be a version of in situ crystallization-differentiation and mixing (Langmuir, 1989) wherein small magma batches stall as crustal intrusions and solidify extensively, yielding silicic residual liquids with trace element concentrations influenced by accessory mineral saturation. Subsequent magmas ascending through the intrusive plexus entrain and mix with the residual liquids and low-degree re-melts of those antecedent intrusions, producing hybrid andesites and dacites. Mount St. Helens volcanic rocks have geochemical similarities to those at Mount Rainier, and may also result from in situ differentiation and mixing due to low and intermittent long-term magma supply, accompanied by modest crustal assimilation. Andesites and dacites of Mount Adams isotopically overlap the least contaminated Mount Rainier magmas and derive from similar parental magma types, but have trace element variations more consistent with progressive crystallization-differentiation, probably due to higher magma fluxes leading to slower crystallization of large magma batches, allowing time for progressive separation of minerals from melt. Mount Adams also sits atop the southern projection of a regional anticlinorium, so Eocene sediments are absent, or are at shallow crustal levels, and so are cold and difficult to assimilate. Differences between southwest Washington stratovolcanoes highlight some ways that crustal geology and magma flux are primary factors in andesite generation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/B30852.1","usgsCitation":"Sisson, T.W., Salters, V., and Larson, P., 2013, Petrogenesis of Mount Rainier andesite: Magma flux and geologic controls on the contrasting differentiation styles at stratovolcanoes of the southern Washington Cascades: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 126, no. 1-2, p. 122-144, https://doi.org/10.1130/B30852.1.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"122","endPage":"144","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-050703","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306685,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Cascades Mountains, Mount Rainer","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.7909917848128,\n 48.4136107903025\n ],\n [\n -124.7909917848128,\n 45.724467276353124\n ],\n [\n -120.87157081022538,\n 45.724467276353124\n ],\n [\n -120.87157081022538,\n 48.4136107903025\n ],\n [\n -124.7909917848128,\n 48.4136107903025\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"126","issue":"1-2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55cdbfbae4b08400b1fe1427","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sisson, Thomas W. 0000-0003-3380-6425 tsisson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3380-6425","contributorId":2341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sisson","given":"Thomas","email":"tsisson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":566712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Salters, V. J. M.","contributorId":146237,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Salters","given":"V. J. M.","affiliations":[{"id":7092,"text":"Florida State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":566713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Larson, P.B.","contributorId":88729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"P.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":566714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70056164,"text":"fs20133111 - 2013 - Energy and Minerals Science at the U.S. Geological Survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-12T16:15:58","indexId":"fs20133111","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-12T15:59:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-3111","title":"Energy and Minerals Science at the U.S. Geological Survey","docAbstract":"The economy, national security, and standard of living of the United States depend on adequate and reliable supplies of energy and mineral resources. Based on population and consumption trends, the Nation’s and World’s use of energy and minerals is expected to grow, driving the demand for scientific understanding of resource formation, location, and availability. The importance of environmental stewardship and human health in sustainable growth emphasizes the need for a broader understanding of energy and mineral resources. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is a world leader in conducting research needed to address these challenges and to provide a scientific foundation for policy and decisionmaking with respect to resource use, sustainability, environmental protection, and an adaptive resource management approach.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20133111","issn":"2327-6932","usgsCitation":"Ferrero, R.C., Kolak, J.J., Bills, D., Bowen, Z.H., Cordier, D.J., Gallegos, T.J., Hein, J.R., Kelley, K., Nelson, P.H., Nuccio, V.F., Schmidt, J.M., and Seal, R., 2013, Energy and Minerals Science at the U.S. Geological Survey: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2013-3111, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20133111.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-049262","costCenters":[{"id":260,"text":"Energy and Minerals","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280285,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20133111.jpg"},{"id":280283,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3111/"},{"id":280284,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3111/pdf/fs2013-3111.pdf"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 173.0,16.916667 ], [ 173.0,71.833333 ], [ -66.95,71.833333 ], [ -66.95,16.916667 ], [ 173.0,16.916667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52aadaf0e4b078ad3e40e3a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ferrero, Richard C. rferrero@usgs.gov","contributorId":473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrero","given":"Richard","email":"rferrero@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":486368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kolak, Jonathan J.","contributorId":59100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolak","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bills, Donald J. djbills@usgs.gov","contributorId":4180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bills","given":"Donald J.","email":"djbills@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":486375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bowen, Zachary H. 0000-0002-8656-1831 bowenz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8656-1831","contributorId":821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowen","given":"Zachary","email":"bowenz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cordier, Daniel J.","contributorId":14678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cordier","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gallegos, Tanya J. 0000-0003-3350-6473 tgallegos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3350-6473","contributorId":2206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallegos","given":"Tanya","email":"tgallegos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hein, James R. 0000-0002-5321-899X jhein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5321-899X","contributorId":2828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hein","given":"James","email":"jhein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":486373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kelley, Karen D. 0000-0002-3232-5809","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3232-5809","contributorId":57817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelley","given":"Karen D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Nelson, Philip H. pnelson@usgs.gov","contributorId":862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Philip","email":"pnelson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Nuccio, Vito F. vnuccio@usgs.gov","contributorId":853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nuccio","given":"Vito","email":"vnuccio@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":486370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Schmidt, Jeanine M. jschmidt@usgs.gov","contributorId":3138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Jeanine","email":"jschmidt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Seal, Robert R. II 0000-0003-0901-2529 rseal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0901-2529","contributorId":397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal","given":"Robert R.","suffix":"II","email":"rseal@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70058743,"text":"70058743 - 2013 - Functional diversity supports the physiological tolerance hypothesis for plant species richness along climatic gradients","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-24T10:53:43","indexId":"70058743","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-12T13:42:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2242,"text":"Journal of Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Functional diversity supports the physiological tolerance hypothesis for plant species richness along climatic gradients","docAbstract":"1. The physiological tolerance hypothesis proposes that plant species richness is highest in warm and/or wet climates because a wider range of functional strategies can persist under such conditions. Functional diversity metrics, combined with statistical modeling, offer new ways to test whether diversity-environment relationships are consistent with this hypothesis.\n\n2. In a classic study by R. H. Whittaker (1960), herb species richness declined from mesic (cool, moist, northerly) slopes to xeric (hot, dry, southerly) slopes. Building on this dataset, we measured four plant functional traits (plant height, specific leaf area, leaf water content and foliar C:N) and used them to calculate three functional diversity metrics (functional richness, evenness, and dispersion). We then used a structural equation model to ask if ‘functional diversity’ (modeled as the joint responses of richness, evenness, and dispersion) could explain the observed relationship of topographic climate gradients to species richness. We then repeated our model examining the functional diversity of each of the four traits individually.\n\n3. Consistent with the physiological tolerance hypothesis, we found that functional diversity was higher in more favorable climatic conditions (mesic slopes), and that multivariate functional diversity mediated the relationship of the topographic climate gradient to plant species richness. We found similar patterns for models focusing on individual trait functional diversity of leaf water content and foliar C:N.\n\n4. Synthesis. Our results provide trait-based support for the physiological tolerance hypothesis, suggesting that benign climates support more species because they allow for a wider range of functional strategies.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/1365-2745.12204","usgsCitation":"Spasojevic, M.J., Grace, J.B., Harrison, S., and Damschen, E.I., 2013, Functional diversity supports the physiological tolerance hypothesis for plant species richness along climatic gradients: Journal of Ecology, v. 102, no. 2, p. 447-455, https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12204.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"447","endPage":"455","numberOfPages":"9","ipdsId":"IP-052487","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473401,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12204","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":280300,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280290,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2745.12204/pdf"},{"id":280289,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12204"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Siskiyou Mountains","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.1625,41.0073 ], [ -123.1625,42.2873 ], [ -121.8825,42.2873 ], [ -121.8825,41.0073 ], [ -123.1625,41.0073 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"102","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-01-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5a5ae4b0b290850f94b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spasojevic, Marko J.","contributorId":66582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spasojevic","given":"Marko","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grace, James B. 0000-0001-6374-4726 gracej@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-4726","contributorId":884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grace","given":"James","email":"gracej@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harrison, Susan","contributorId":85707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrison","given":"Susan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Damschen, Ellen Ingman","contributorId":6177,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Damschen","given":"Ellen","email":"","middleInitial":"Ingman","affiliations":[{"id":16916,"text":"Dept. of Zoology, University of Wisconsin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":487331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70058706,"text":"70058706 - 2013 - Effects of summer drawdown on the fishes and larval chironomids in Beulah Reservoir, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-12T09:41:24","indexId":"70058706","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-12T09:37:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2900,"text":"Northwest Science","onlineIssn":"2161-9859","printIssn":"0029-344X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of summer drawdown on the fishes and larval chironomids in Beulah Reservoir, Oregon","docAbstract":"Summer drawdown of Beulah Reservoir, Oregon, could adversely affect fish and invertebrate production, limit sport fishing opportunities, and hinder the recovery of threatened species. To assess the impacts of drawdown, we sampled fish and Chironomidae larvae in Beulah Reservoir in the springs of 2006 to 2008. The reservoir was reduced to 68% of full pool in 2006 and to run-of-river level in 2007. From spring 2006 to spring 2007, the catch per unit effort (CPUE) of fyke nets decreased significantly for dace [Rhinichthys spp.] and northern pikeminnow [Ptychocheilus oregonensis], increased significantly for suckers [Catastomus spp.] and white crappies [Pomoxis nigromaculatus], and was similar for redside shiners [Richardsonius balteatus]. CPUE of gillnets either increased significantly or remained similar depending on genera, and the size structure of redside shiners, suckers, and white crappies changed appreciably. From 2007 to 2008, the CPUE of northern pikeminnow, redside shiners, suckers, and white crappies decreased significantly depending on gear and the size structure of most fishes changed. Springtime densities of chironomid larvae in the water column were significantly higher in 2006 than in 2008, but other comparisons were similar. The densities of benthic chironomids were significantly lower in substrates that were frequently dewatered compared to areas that were partially or usually not dewatered. Individuals from frequently dewatered areas were significantly smaller than those from other areas and the densities of benthic chironomids in 2008 were significantly lower than other years. Summer drawdown can reduce the catch and alter the size structure of fishes and chironomid larvae in Beulah Reservoir.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Northwest Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Northwest Scientific Association","doi":"10.3955/046.087.0304","usgsCitation":"Rose, B.P., and Mesa, M.G., 2013, Effects of summer drawdown on the fishes and larval chironomids in Beulah Reservoir, Oregon: Northwest Science, v. 87, no. 3, p. 207-218, https://doi.org/10.3955/046.087.0304.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"207","endPage":"218","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-034273","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280254,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3955/046.087.0304"},{"id":280265,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Beulah Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.169671,43.910163 ], [ -118.169671,43.948141 ], [ -118.130371,43.948141 ], [ -118.130371,43.910163 ], [ -118.169671,43.910163 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"87","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52aadaefe4b078ad3e40e39c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rose, Brien P. brose@usgs.gov","contributorId":3493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"Brien","email":"brose@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mesa, Matthew G. mmesa@usgs.gov","contributorId":3423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mesa","given":"Matthew","email":"mmesa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70058665,"text":"70058665 - 2013 - Distribution and movement of Big Spring spinedace (Lepidomeda mollispinis pratensis) in Condor Canyon, Meadow Valley Wash, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-12T09:35:47","indexId":"70058665","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-12T09:31:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3746,"text":"Western North American Naturalist","onlineIssn":"1944-8341","printIssn":"1527-0904","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution and movement of Big Spring spinedace (Lepidomeda mollispinis pratensis) in Condor Canyon, Meadow Valley Wash, Nevada","docAbstract":"Big Spring spinedace (Lepidomeda mollispinis pratensis) is a cyprinid whose entire population occurs within a section of Meadow Valley Wash, Nevada. Other spinedace species have suffered population and range declines (one species is extinct). Managers, concerned about the vulnerability of Big Spring spinedace, have considered habitat restoration actions or translocation, but they have lacked data on distribution or habitat use. Our study occurred in an 8.2-km section of Meadow Valley Wash, including about 7.2 km in Condor Canyon and 0.8 km upstream of the canyon. Big Spring spinedace were present upstream of the currently listed critical habitat, including in the tributary Kill Wash. We found no Big Spring spinedace in the lower 3.3 km of Condor Canyon. We tagged Big Spring spinedace ≥70 mm fork length (range 70–103 mm) with passive integrated transponder tags during October 2008 (n = 100) and March 2009 (n = 103) to document movement. At least 47 of these individuals moved from their release location (up to 2 km). Thirty-nine individuals moved to Kill Wash or the confluence area with Meadow Valley Wash. Ninety-three percent of movement occurred in spring 2009. Fish moved both upstream and downstream. We found no movement downstream over a small waterfall at river km 7.9 and recorded only one fish that moved downstream over Delmue Falls (a 12-m drop) at river km 6.1. At the time of tagging, there was no significant difference in fork length or condition between Big Spring Spinedace that were later detected moving and those not detected moving. We found no significant difference in fork length or condition at time of tagging of Big Spring spinedace ≥70 mm fork length that were detected moving and those not detected moving. Kill Wash and its confluence area appeared important to Big Spring spinedace; connectivity with these areas may be key to species persistence. These areas may provide a habitat template for restoration or translocation. The lower 3.3 km of Meadow Valley Wash in Condor Canyon may be a good candidate section for habitat restoration actions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Western North American Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum","doi":"10.3398/064.073.0306","usgsCitation":"Jezorek, I.G., and Connolly, P., 2013, Distribution and movement of Big Spring spinedace (Lepidomeda mollispinis pratensis) in Condor Canyon, Meadow Valley Wash, Nevada: Western North American Naturalist, v. 3, no. 73, p. 323-336, https://doi.org/10.3398/064.073.0306.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"323","endPage":"336","numberOfPages":"15","ipdsId":"IP-039385","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502485,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/wnan/vol73/iss3/5","text":"External Repository"},{"id":280264,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280249,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3398/064.073.0306"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Meadow Valley Wash","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.5207027,37.6147178 ], [ -114.5207027,37.6196828 ], [ -114.5105221,37.6196828 ], [ -114.5105221,37.6147178 ], [ -114.5207027,37.6147178 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"3","issue":"73","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52aadadee4b078ad3e40e334","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jezorek, Ian G. 0000-0002-3842-3485 ijezorek@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3842-3485","contributorId":3572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jezorek","given":"Ian","email":"ijezorek@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Connolly, Patrick J. 0000-0001-7365-7618 pconnolly@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7365-7618","contributorId":2920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connolly","given":"Patrick J.","email":"pconnolly@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70125307,"text":"70125307 - 2013 - Comparative microhabitat characteristics at oviposition sites of the California red-legged frog (Rana draytonii)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-26T15:05:12","indexId":"70125307","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-11T09:56:41","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1894,"text":"Herpetological Conservation and Biology","onlineIssn":"2151-0733","printIssn":"1931-7603","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparative microhabitat characteristics at oviposition sites of the California red-legged frog (Rana draytonii)","docAbstract":"We studied the microhabitat characteristics of 747 egg masses of the federally-threatened Rana draytonii (California red-legged frog) at eight sites in California. our study showed that a broad range of aquatic habitats are utilized by ovipositing R. draytonii, including sites with perennial and ephemeral water sources, natural and constructed wetlands, lentic and lotic hydrology, and sites surrounded by protected lands and nested within modified urban areas. We recorded 45 different egg mass attachment types, although the use of only a few types was common at each site. These attachment types ranged from branches and roots of riparian trees, emergent and submergent wetland vegetation, flooded upland grassland/ruderal vegetation, and debris. eggs were deposited in relatively shallow water (mean 39.7 cm) when compared to maximum site depths. We found that most frogs in artificial pond, natural creek, and artificial channel habitats deposited egg masses within one meter of the shore, while egg masses in a seasonal marsh averaged 27.3 m from the shore due to extensive emergent vegetation. Rana draytonii appeared to delay breeding in lotic habitats and in more inland sites compared to lentic habitats and coastal sites. eggs occurred as early as mid-december at a coastal artificial pond and as late as mid-April in an inland natural creek. We speculate that this delay in breeding may represent a method of avoiding high-flow events and/or freezing temperatures. Understanding the factors related to the reproductive needs of this species can contribute to creating, managing, or preserving appropriate habitat, and promoting species recovery.","language":"English","publisher":"Partners in Amphibian and Reptile Conservation","publisherLocation":"Texarkana, TX","usgsCitation":"Alvarez, J.A., Cook, D.G., Yee, J.L., van Hattem, M.G., Fong, D.R., and Fisher, R.N., 2013, Comparative microhabitat characteristics at oviposition sites of the California red-legged frog (Rana draytonii): Herpetological Conservation and Biology, v. 8, no. 3, p. 539-551.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"539","endPage":"551","numberOfPages":"13","ipdsId":"IP-051239","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293903,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":328988,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.herpconbio.org/contents_vol8_issue3.html"}],"volume":"8","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54195129e4b091c7ffc8e615","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alvarez, Jeff A.","contributorId":102404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alvarez","given":"Jeff","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cook, David G.","contributorId":48921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yee, Julie L. 0000-0003-1782-157X julie_yee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1782-157X","contributorId":3246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yee","given":"Julie","email":"julie_yee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"van Hattem, Michael G.","contributorId":67022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Hattem","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fong, Darren R.","contributorId":50833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fong","given":"Darren","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fisher, Robert N. 0000-0002-2956-3240 rfisher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":1529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert","email":"rfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70056165,"text":"ofr20101083M - 2013 - Seismicity of the Earth 1900-2012 Philippine Sea plate and vicinity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-10T13:17:13","indexId":"ofr20101083M","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-10T08:59:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1083","chapter":"M","title":"Seismicity of the Earth 1900-2012 Philippine Sea plate and vicinity","docAbstract":"The complex tectonics surrounding the Philippine Islands are dominated by the interactions of the Pacific, Sunda, and Eurasia plates with the Philippine Sea plate (PSP). The latter is unique because it is almost exclusively surrounded by zones of plate convergence.
\nAt its eastern and southeastern edges, the Pacific plate is subducted beneath the PSP at the Izu-Bonin, Mariana, and Yap trenches. Here, the subduction zone exhibits high rates of seismic activity to depths of over 600 km, though no great earthquakes (M>8.0) have been observed, likely because of weak coupling along the plate interface.
\nIn the northeast, the PSP subducts beneath Japan and the eastern margin of the Eurasia plate at the Nankai and Ryukyu trenches, extending westward to Taiwan. The Nankai portion of this subduction zone has hosted some of the largest earthquakes along the margins of the PSP, including a pair of Mw8.1 megathrust events in 1944 and 1946.
\nAlong its western margin, the convergence of the PSP and the Sunda plate is responsible for a broad and active plate boundary system extending along both sides of the Philippine Islands chain. The region is characterized by opposite-facing subduction systems on the east and west sides of the islands, and the archipelago is cut by a major transform structure: the Philippine Fault. Subduction of the Philippine Sea plate occurs at the eastern margin of the islands along the Philippine Trench and its northern extension, the East Luzon Trough. On the west side of Luzon, the Sunda Plate subducts eastward along a series of trenches, including the Manila Trench in the north, the smaller Negros Trench in the central Philippines, and the Sulu and Cotabato trenches in the south.
\nTwentieth and early twentyfirst century seismic activity along the boundaries of the Philippine Sea plate has produced seven great (M>8.0) earthquakes and 250 large (M>7) events. Among the most destructive events were the 1923 Kanto, the 1948 Fukui, and the 1995 Kobe, Japan, earthquakes; the 1935 and the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquakes; and the 1976 M7.6 Moro Gulf and 1990 M7.6 Luzon, Philippines, earthquakes.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101083M","usgsCitation":"Smoczyk, G.M., Hayes, G.P., Hamburger, M., Benz, H.M., Villasenor, A.H., and Furlong, K.P., 2013, Seismicity of the Earth 1900-2012 Philippine Sea plate and vicinity: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1083, Report: 37.24 inches x 25.01 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101083M.","productDescription":"Report: 37.24 inches x 25.01 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051306","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280237,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20101083m.jpg"},{"id":280234,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1083/m/"},{"id":280236,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1083/m/pdf/of2010-1083m.pdf"}],"scale":"10000000","projection":"Albers Equal Area Conic","country":"China;Indonesia;Japan;Papua New Guinea;Philippines","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 115.2200,-6.000000 ], [ 115.2200,38.000000 ], [ 151.9200,38.000000 ], [ 151.9200,-6.000000 ], [ 115.2200,-6.000000 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52a83808e4b027f847da5911","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smoczyk, Gregory M. 0000-0002-6591-4060 gsmoczyk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6591-4060","contributorId":5239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smoczyk","given":"Gregory","email":"gsmoczyk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hayes, Gavin P. 0000-0003-3323-0112 ghayes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3323-0112","contributorId":842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Gavin","email":"ghayes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":486380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hamburger, Michael W.","contributorId":77012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamburger","given":"Michael W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Benz, Harley M. 0000-0002-6860-2134 benz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6860-2134","contributorId":794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benz","given":"Harley","email":"benz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Villasenor, Antonio H. 0000-0001-8592-4832","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8592-4832","contributorId":38186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Villasenor","given":"Antonio","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Furlong, Kevin P. 0000-0002-2674-5110","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2674-5110","contributorId":19576,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Furlong","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70055515,"text":"cir1392 - 2013 - Land subsidence and relative sea-level rise in the southern Chesapeake Bay region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-10T08:56:18","indexId":"cir1392","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-09T13:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1392","title":"Land subsidence and relative sea-level rise in the southern Chesapeake Bay region","docAbstract":"The southern Chesapeake Bay region is experiencing land subsidence and rising water levels due to global sea-level rise; land subsidence and rising water levels combine to cause relative sea-level rise. Land subsidence has been observed since the 1940s in the southern Chesapeake Bay region at rates of 1.1 to 4.8 millimeters per year (mm/yr), and subsidence continues today.
\nThis land subsidence helps explain why the region has the highest rates of sea-level rise on the Atlantic Coast of the United States. Data indicate that land subsidence has been responsible for more than half the relative sea-level rise measured in the region. Land subsidence increases the risk of flooding in low-lying areas, which in turn has important economic, environmental, and human health consequences for the heavily populated and ecologically important southern Chesapeake Bay region.
\nThe aquifer system in the region has been compacted by extensive groundwater pumping in the region at rates of 1.5- to 3.7-mm/yr; this compaction accounts for more than half of observed land subsidence in the region. Glacial isostatic adjustment, or the flexing of the Earth’s crust in response to glacier formation and melting, also likely contributes to land subsidence in the region.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1392","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Hampton Roads Planning District Commission","usgsCitation":"Eggleston, J., and Pope, J., 2013, Land subsidence and relative sea-level rise in the southern Chesapeake Bay region: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1392, iv, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1392.","productDescription":"iv, 24 p.","numberOfPages":"32","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-044324","costCenters":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280235,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/cir1392.jpg"},{"id":280224,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1392/"},{"id":280225,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1392/pdf/circ1392.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -78.2446,36.5538 ], [ -78.2446,38.6555 ], [ -75.7947,38.6555 ], [ -75.7947,36.5538 ], [ -78.2446,36.5538 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd639fe4b0b290850feecd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eggleston, Jack","contributorId":46648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eggleston","given":"Jack","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pope, Jason","contributorId":61326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"Jason","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70058654,"text":"70058654 - 2013 - Universal reverse-transcriptase real-time PCR for infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-11T12:57:10","indexId":"70058654","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-09T12:48:04","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1396,"text":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Universal reverse-transcriptase real-time PCR for infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV)","docAbstract":"Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is an acute pathogen of salmonid fishes in North America, Europe and Asia and is reportable to the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE). Phylogenetic analysis has identified 5 major virus genogroups of IHNV worldwide, designated U, M, L, E and J; multiple subtypes also exist within those genogroups. Here, we report the development and validation of a universal IHNV reverse-transcriptase real-time PCR (RT-rPCR) assay targeting the IHNV nucleocapsid (N) gene. Properties of diagnostic sensitivity (DSe) and specificity (DSp) were defined using laboratory-challenged steelhead trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, and the new assay was compared to the OIE-accepted conventional PCR test and virus isolation in cell culture. The IHNV N gene RT-rPCR had 100% DSp and DSe and a higher estimated diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) than virus culture or conventional PCR. The RT-rPCR assay was highly repeatable within a laboratory and highly reproducible between laboratories. Field testing of the assay was conducted on a random sample of juvenile steelhead collected from a hatchery raceway experiencing an IHN epizootic. The RT-rPCR detected a greater number of positive samples than cell culture and there was 40% agreement between the 2 tests. Overall, the RT-rPCR assay was highly sensitive, specific, repeatable and reproducible and is suitable for use in a diagnostic setting.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/dao02644","usgsCitation":"Purcell, M., Thompson, R.L., Garver, K.A., Hawley, L.M., Batts, W.N., Sprague, L., Sampson, C., and Winton, J.R., 2013, Universal reverse-transcriptase real-time PCR for infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV): Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, v. 2, no. 106, p. 103-115, https://doi.org/10.3354/dao02644.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"103","endPage":"115","ipdsId":"IP-045393","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473402,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/dao02644","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":280244,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3354/dao02644"},{"id":280245,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.int-res.com/abstracts/dao/v106/n2/p103-115/"},{"id":280260,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"106","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd7a43e4b0b2908510d608","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Purcell, Maureen K.","contributorId":104214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Purcell","given":"Maureen K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, Rachel L. 0000-0001-6901-4361 rlthompson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6901-4361","contributorId":5707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Rachel","email":"rlthompson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garver, Kyle A.","contributorId":77816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garver","given":"Kyle","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":487226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hawley, Laura M.","contributorId":85080,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hawley","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12619,"text":"Pacific Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Nanaimo, BC, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":487227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Batts, William N. 0000-0002-6469-9004 bbatts@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6469-9004","contributorId":3815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Batts","given":"William","email":"bbatts@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sprague, Laura","contributorId":63259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sprague","given":"Laura","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sampson, Corie","contributorId":92157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sampson","given":"Corie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Winton, James R. 0000-0002-3505-5509 jwinton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3505-5509","contributorId":1944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winton","given":"James","email":"jwinton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":487222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70048911,"text":"sir20135198 - 2013 - Circulation, mixing, and transport in nearshore Lake Erie in the vicinity of Villa Angela Beach and Euclid Creek, Cleveland, Ohio, September 11-12, 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-09T13:00:49","indexId":"sir20135198","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-09T12:38:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5198","title":"Circulation, mixing, and transport in nearshore Lake Erie in the vicinity of Villa Angela Beach and Euclid Creek, Cleveland, Ohio, September 11-12, 2012","docAbstract":"Villa Angela Beach, on the Lake Erie lakeshore near Cleveland, Ohio, is adjacent to the mouth of Euclid Creek, a small, flashy stream draining approximately 23 square miles and susceptible to periodic contamination from combined sewer overflows (CSOs) (97 and 163 CSO events in 2010 and 2011, respectively). Concerns over high concentrations of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in water samples taken along this beach and frequent beach closures led to the collection of synoptic data in the nearshore area in an attempt to gain insights into mixing processes, circulation, and the potential for transport of bacteria and other CSO-related pollutants from various sources in Euclid Creek and along the lakefront. An integrated synoptic survey was completed by the U.S. Geological Survey on September 11–12, 2012, during low-flow conditions on Euclid Creek, which followed rain-induced high flows in the creek on September 8–9, 2012. Data-collection methods included deployment of an autonomous underwater vehicle and use of a manned boat equipped with an acoustic Doppler current profiler. Spatial distributions of water-quality measures and nearshore currents indicated that the mixing zone encompassing the mouth of Euclid Creek and Villa Angela Beach is dynamic and highly variable in extent, but can exhibit a large zone of recirculation that can, at times, be decoupled from local wind forcing. Observed circulation patterns during September 2012 indicated that pollutants from CSOs in Euclid Creek and water discharged from three shoreline CSO points within 2,000 feet of the beach could be trapped along Villa Angela Beach by interaction of nearshore currents and shoreline structures. In spite of observed coastal downwelling, denser water from Euclid Creek is shown to mix to the surface via offshore turbulent structures that span the full depth of flow. While the southwesterly longshore currents driving the recirculation pattern along the beach front were observed during the 2011–12 synoptic surveys, longshore currents with a southwesterly component capable of establishing the recirculation only occurred about 30 percent of the time from June 7 to October 6, 2012, based on continuous velocity data collected near Villa Angela Beach.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135198","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Northeast Ohio Regional Sewer District","usgsCitation":"Jackson, P., 2013, Circulation, mixing, and transport in nearshore Lake Erie in the vicinity of Villa Angela Beach and Euclid Creek, Cleveland, Ohio, September 11-12, 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5198, viii, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135198.","productDescription":"viii, 34 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-044195","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280233,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135198.jpg"},{"id":280231,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5198/pdf/sir2013-5198.pdf"},{"id":280232,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5198/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","city":"Cleveland","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81.573486,41.580333 ], [ -81.573486,41.591166 ], [ -81.559474,41.591166 ], [ -81.559474,41.580333 ], [ -81.573486,41.580333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52a717d5e4b0de1a6d2d96ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jackson, P. Ryan pjackson@usgs.gov","contributorId":2960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"P. 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Therefore, interpolating or fitting the sparsely sampled data as a uniform function of space (a procedure commonly known as gridding) is a ubiquitous problem in geophysics. Most gridding methods require a model of spatial correlation for data. This spatial correlation model can often be inferred from some sort of secondary information, which may also be sparsely sampled in space. In this paper, we present a new method to model the geometry of a subducting slab in which we use a data‐fitting approach to address the problem. Earthquakes and active‐source seismic surveys provide estimates of depths of subducting slabs but only at scattered locations. In addition to estimates of depths from earthquake locations, focal mechanisms of subduction zone earthquakes also provide estimates of the strikes of the subducting slab on which they occur. We use these spatially sparse strike samples and the Earth’s curved surface geometry to infer a model for spatial correlation that guides a blended neighbor interpolation of slab depths. 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The rocks and surficial deposits exposed in the Denali area span from the Paleozoic to the Quaternary. It is a structurally complex area that contains a history of rifting, accretion, and orogeny. There is evidence of multiple metamorphic events in the Mesozoic, mountain building in the Tertiary, and faulting in the present day. The region is the site of active faulting along one of the largest intra-continental fault systems, the Denali Fault system, which was the locus of a 7.9 M earthquake in 2002. This guidebook describes the key outcrops viewable along the Denali Park Road from the entrance to the Eielson Visitor Center, and along the Parks Highway from Healy to Cantwell.","language":"English","publisher":"Alaska Geological Society","usgsCitation":"Hults, C.P., Capps, D.L., and Brease, P.F., 2013, Field guide to the geology of the Denali National Park Road and the Parks Highway from Cantwell to Healy: Alaska Geological Society Field Guidebooks, 44 p.","productDescription":"44 p.","ipdsId":"IP-048826","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":280288,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":345276,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://alaskageology.org/pubfieldbooks.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Denali National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -152.4283,62.466 ], [ -152.4283,63.9977 ], [ -148.7775,63.9977 ], [ -148.7775,62.466 ], [ -152.4283,62.466 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5943e4b0b290850f899c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hults, Chad P. chults@usgs.gov","contributorId":1930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hults","given":"Chad","email":"chults@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Capps, Danny L.","contributorId":14292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capps","given":"Danny","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brease, Phil F.","contributorId":58178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brease","given":"Phil","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}