{"pageNumber":"1450","pageRowStart":"36225","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46706,"records":[{"id":54693,"text":"wdrMN881 - 1990 - Water Resources Data, Minnesota, Water Year 1988. Volume 1. Great Lakes and Souris-Red-Rainy River Basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:56","indexId":"wdrMN881","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"MN-88-1","title":"Water Resources Data, Minnesota, Water Year 1988. Volume 1. Great Lakes and Souris-Red-Rainy River Basins","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wdrMN881","usgsCitation":"Gunard, K., Hess, J., Zirbel, J., and Cornelius, C., 1990, Water Resources Data, Minnesota, Water Year 1988. Volume 1. Great Lakes and Souris-Red-Rainy River Basins: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report MN-88-1, 142 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrMN881.","productDescription":"142 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":185045,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1988/mn-88-1/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":87899,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1988/mn-88-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb635","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gunard, K.T.","contributorId":103733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gunard","given":"K.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hess, J.H.","contributorId":100465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hess","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zirbel, J.L.","contributorId":70837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zirbel","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cornelius, C.E.","contributorId":106190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cornelius","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":2553,"text":"wsp2366 - 1990 - A point-infiltration model for estimating runoff from rainfall on small basins in semiarid areas of Wyoming","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":15559,"text":"ofr88337 - 1989 - A point-infiltration model for estimating runoff from rainfall on small basins in semiarid areas of Wyoming","indexId":"ofr88337","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"title":"A point-infiltration model for estimating runoff from rainfall on small basins in semiarid areas of Wyoming"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2553,"text":"wsp2366 - 1990 - A point-infiltration model for estimating runoff from rainfall on small basins in semiarid areas of Wyoming","indexId":"wsp2366","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"title":"A point-infiltration model for estimating runoff from rainfall on small basins in semiarid areas of Wyoming"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:29","indexId":"wsp2366","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2366","title":"A point-infiltration model for estimating runoff from rainfall on small basins in semiarid areas of Wyoming","docAbstract":"A physically based point-infiltration model was developed for computing infiltration of rainfall into soils and the resulting runoff from small basins in Wyoming. The user describes a 'design storm' in terms of average rainfall intensity and storm duration. Information required to compute runoff for the design storm by using the model include (1) soil type and description, and (2) two infiltration parameters and a surface-retention storage parameter. Parameter values are tabulated in the report. Rainfall and runoff data for three ephemeral-stream basins that contain only one type of soil were used to develop the model. Two assumptions were necessary: antecedent soil moisture is some long-term average, and storm rainfall is uniform in both time and space. The infiltration and surface-retention storage parameters were determined for the soil of each basin. Observed rainstorm and runoff data were used to develop a separation curve, or incipient-runoff curve, which distinguishes between runoff and nonrunoff rainfall data. The position of this curve defines the infiltration and surface-retention storage parameters. \r\n\r\nA procedure for applying the model to basins that contain more than one type of soil was developed using data from 7 of the 10 study basins. For these multiple-soil basins, the incipient-runoff curve defines the infiltration and retention-storage parameters for the soil having the highest runoff potential. Parameters were defined by ranking the soils according to their relative permeabilities and optimizing the position of the incipient-runoff curve by using measured runoff as a control for the fit. Analyses of runoff from multiple-soil basins indicate that the effective contributing area of runoff is less than the drainage area of the basin. In this study, the effective drainage area ranged from 41.6 to 71.1 percent of the total drainage area. Information on effective drainage area is useful in evaluating drainage area as an independent variable in statistical analyses of hydrologic data, such as annual peak frequency distributions and sediment yield.A comparison was made of the sum of the simulated runoff and the sum of the measured runoff for all available records of runoff-producing storms in the 10 study basins. The sums of the simulated runoff ranged from 12.0 percent less than to 23.4 percent more than the sums of the measured runoff. A measure of the standard error of estimate was computed for each data set. These values ranged from 20 to 70 percent of the mean value of the measured runoff. \r\n\r\nRainfall-simulator infiltrometer tests were made in two small basins. The amount of water uptake measured by the test in Dugout Creek tributary basin averaged about three times greater than the amount of water uptake computed from rainfall and runoff data. Therefore, infiltrometer data were not used to determine infiltration rates for this study.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2366","usgsCitation":"Rankl, J.G., 1990, A point-infiltration model for estimating runoff from rainfall on small basins in semiarid areas of Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2366, v, 29 p. :ill., maps ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2366.","productDescription":"v, 29 p. :ill., maps ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138619,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2366/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28801,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2366/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a91fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rankl, James G.","contributorId":93026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rankl","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":4285,"text":"cir1048 - 1990 - An enhanced digital line graph design","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-19T19:50:57","indexId":"cir1048","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1048","title":"An enhanced digital line graph design","docAbstract":"In response to increasing information demands on its digital cartographic data, the U.S. Geological Survey has designed an enhanced version of the Digital Line Graph, termed Digital Line Graph - Enhanced (DLG-E). In the DLG-E model, the phenomena represented by geographic and cartographic data are termed entities. Entities represent individual phenomena in the real world. A feature is an abstraction of a set of entities, with the feature description encompassing only selected properties of the entities (typically the properties that have been portrayed cartographically on a map). Buildings, bridges, roads, streams, grasslands, and counties are examples of features. A feature instance, that is, one occurrence of a feature, is described in the digital environment by feature objects and spatial objects. A feature object identifies a feature instance and its nonlocational attributes. Nontopological relationships are associated with feature objects. The locational aspects of the feature instance are represented by spatial objects. Four spatial objects (points, nodes, chains, and polygons) and their topological relationships are defined. To link the locational and nonlocational aspects of the feature instance, a given feature object is associated with (or is composed of) a set of spatial objects. These objects, attributes, and relationships are the components of the DLG-E data model. \r\n\r\nTo establish a domain of features for DLG-E, an approach using a set of classes, or views, of spatial entities was adopted. The five views that were developed are cover, division, ecosystem, geoposition, and morphology. The views are exclusive; each view is a self-contained analytical approach to the entire range of world features. Because each view is independent of the others, a single point on the surface of the Earth can be represented under multiple views. Under the five views, over 200 features were identified and defined. This set constitutes an initial domain of DLG-E features.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O. ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir1048","usgsCitation":"Guptill, S.C., 1990, An enhanced digital line graph design: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1048, 1 v. (various pagings) :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1048.","productDescription":"1 v. (various pagings) :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":31396,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1990/1048/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123192,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1990/1048/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6d98","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Guptill, Stephen C.","contributorId":32909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guptill","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745716,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Guptill, Stephen C.","contributorId":32909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guptill","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":17829,"text":"ofr89391 - 1990 - Water-quality data-collection activities in Colorado and Ohio; Phase III, evaluation of existing data for use in assessing regional water-quality conditions and trends","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":17829,"text":"ofr89391 - 1990 - Water-quality data-collection activities in Colorado and Ohio; Phase III, evaluation of existing data for use in assessing regional water-quality conditions and trends","indexId":"ofr89391","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"title":"Water-quality data-collection activities in Colorado and Ohio; Phase III, evaluation of existing data for use in assessing regional water-quality conditions and trends"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":31064,"text":"wsp2295C - 1992 - Water-quality data-collection activities in Colorado and Ohio: Phase III-evaluation of existing data for use in assessing regional water-quality conditions and trends","indexId":"wsp2295C","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"chapter":"C","title":"Water-quality data-collection activities in Colorado and Ohio: Phase III-evaluation of existing data for use in assessing regional water-quality conditions and trends"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":31064,"text":"wsp2295C - 1992 - Water-quality data-collection activities in Colorado and Ohio: Phase III-evaluation of existing data for use in assessing regional water-quality conditions and trends","indexId":"wsp2295C","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"title":"Water-quality data-collection activities in Colorado and Ohio: Phase III-evaluation of existing data for use in assessing regional water-quality conditions and trends"},"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-30T15:28:33","indexId":"ofr89391","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-391","title":"Water-quality data-collection activities in Colorado and Ohio; Phase III, evaluation of existing data for use in assessing regional water-quality conditions and trends","docAbstract":"

During the past several years, a growing number of questions have been raised by members of Congress and others about the status of current waterquality conditions in the Nation, trends in water quality, and the major factors that affect water-quality conditions and trends. One area of particular interest and concern has been the suitability of existing water-quality data for addressing these types of questions at regional and national scales. In response to these questions and concerns, the U.S. Geological Survey began a pilot study in Colorado and Ohio to (1) determine the characteristics of current water-quality data-collection activities of Federal, State, regional, and local agencies and universities; and (2) determine how well the data from these activities, collected for various purposes and using different procedures, can be used to improve our ability to address the aforementioned questions.

Colorado and Ohio were chosen for the pilot study because they represent regions with different types of water-quality issues and programs. The results of the study are specific to the two States and are not intended to be extrapolated to other States.

The study was divided into three phases whose objectives were:

Phase I Identify and inventory 1984 water-quality data-collection programs, including costs, in Colorado and Ohio, and identify those programs that meet a set of broad criteria for producing data that potentially are appropriate for water-quality assessments of regional and national scope.

Phase II Evaluate the quality assurance of field and laboratory procedures used to produce the data from programs that met the broad criteria of Phase I.

Phase III Compile the qualifying data from Phase II and evaluate the extent to which the resulting data base can be used to address selected water-quality questions for the two States.

This report presents the results of Phase III, focusing on (1) the number of measurements made at each data-collection site for selected constituents, (2) the areal distribution of those sites that have sufficient data for selected types of analyses, and (3) the availability of key ancillary information such as streamflow to address broad-scope questions such as:

  1. What are existing water-quality conditions?
  2. Has the water quality changed? and
  3. How do existing water-quality conditions and changes in these conditions relate to natural factors and human-induced activities?
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/ofr89391","usgsCitation":"Norris, J.M., Hren, J., Myers, D.N., Chaney, T.H., and Childress, C., 1990, Water-quality data-collection activities in Colorado and Ohio; Phase III, evaluation of existing data for use in assessing regional water-quality conditions and trends: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-391, vi, 63 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr89391.","productDescription":"vi, 63 p.","numberOfPages":"73","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":149758,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":331353,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0391/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Ohio","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-106.190554,40.997607],[-102.051718,41.002377],[-102.04224,36.993083],[-102.698142,36.995149],[-102.814616,37.000783],[-105.029228,36.992729],[-105.447255,36.996017],[-106.869796,36.992426],[-106.877292,37.000139],[-109.045223,36.999084],[-109.041762,38.16469],[-109.060062,38.275489],[-109.059541,38.719888],[-109.051512,39.126095],[-109.050076,41.000659],[-107.000606,41.003444],[-106.190554,40.997607]]],[[[-82.835118,41.708971],[-82.820409,41.724549],[-82.810487,41.720524],[-82.782719,41.694003],[-82.793069,41.664692],[-82.827011,41.633701],[-82.842099,41.628323],[-82.843602,41.647009],[-82.835118,41.708971]]],[[[-82.700208,41.61219],[-82.691123,41.611331],[-82.68015,41.61897],[-82.680669,41.594611],[-82.686033,41.587246],[-82.702027,41.585437],[-82.735766,41.600982],[-82.718802,41.619629],[-82.70731,41.619609],[-82.700208,41.61219]]],[[[-81.725583,39.215835],[-81.741533,39.189596],[-81.755754,39.180976],[-81.743565,39.141933],[-81.745453,39.098078],[-81.760753,39.084078],[-81.775554,39.078378],[-81.803055,39.083878],[-81.813855,39.079278],[-81.811655,39.059578],[-81.803355,39.047678],[-81.772854,39.026179],[-81.764253,39.015279],[-81.765153,39.002579],[-81.774062,38.993682],[-81.78182,38.964935],[-81.778845,38.955892],[-81.756975,38.937152],[-81.758506,38.927942],[-81.766227,38.922946],[-81.781248,38.924804],[-81.814235,38.946168],[-81.825026,38.946603],[-81.844486,38.928746],[-81.845312,38.910088],[-81.855971,38.892734],[-81.889233,38.874279],[-81.898541,38.874582],[-81.928352,38.895371],[-81.89847,38.929603],[-81.933186,38.987659],[-81.951447,38.996032],[-81.981158,38.994351],[-81.987061,39.011978],[-82.002261,39.027878],[-82.017562,39.030078],[-82.035963,39.025478],[-82.051563,38.994378],[-82.091565,38.973778],[-82.109065,38.945579],[-82.111666,38.932579],[-82.143167,38.898079],[-82.145267,38.883479],[-82.139224,38.86502],[-82.144867,38.84048],[-82.16157,38.824632],[-82.191172,38.815137],[-82.20929,38.802672],[-82.221566,38.787187],[-82.220449,38.773739],[-82.198882,38.757725],[-82.188268,38.734082],[-82.182467,38.708782],[-82.190867,38.680383],[-82.172667,38.629684],[-82.177267,38.603784],[-82.188767,38.594984],[-82.205171,38.591719],[-82.26207,38.598183],[-82.27427,38.593683],[-82.291271,38.578983],[-82.295671,38.538483],[-82.303971,38.517683],[-82.304223,38.496308],[-82.318111,38.457876],[-82.330335,38.4445],[-82.381773,38.434783],[-82.404882,38.439347],[-82.529579,38.405182],[-82.549799,38.403202],[-82.569368,38.406258],[-82.588249,38.415489],[-82.596921,38.426705],[-82.610458,38.471457],[-82.657051,38.496816],[-82.700045,38.544336],[-82.730958,38.559264],[-82.779472,38.559023],[-82.800112,38.563183],[-82.844306,38.590862],[-82.854291,38.613454],[-82.859391,38.660378],[-82.877592,38.690177],[-82.870392,38.722077],[-82.871292,38.739376],[-82.879492,38.751476],[-82.889193,38.756076],[-82.923694,38.750076],[-82.979395,38.725976],[-83.011816,38.730057],[-83.030702,38.72572],[-83.053104,38.695831],[-83.112372,38.671685],[-83.122547,38.6592],[-83.128973,38.640231],[-83.142836,38.625076],[-83.202453,38.616956],[-83.232404,38.627569],[-83.245572,38.627936],[-83.264011,38.621535],[-83.286514,38.599241],[-83.294193,38.596588],[-83.307832,38.600824],[-83.317542,38.609242],[-83.327636,38.637489],[-83.356445,38.654009],[-83.384755,38.663171],[-83.468059,38.67547],[-83.493342,38.694187],[-83.520953,38.703045],[-83.626922,38.679387],[-83.636208,38.670584],[-83.642994,38.643273],[-83.649737,38.632753],[-83.663911,38.62793],[-83.679484,38.630036],[-83.720779,38.646704],[-83.769347,38.65522],[-83.787113,38.699489],[-83.836696,38.717857],[-83.852085,38.751433],[-83.873168,38.762418],[-83.926986,38.771562],[-83.943978,38.783616],[-83.962123,38.787384],[-83.978814,38.787104],[-84.044486,38.770572],[-84.071491,38.770475],[-84.155912,38.794909],[-84.212904,38.805707],[-84.2253,38.817665],[-84.231306,38.830552],[-84.234453,38.893226],[-84.288164,38.955789],[-84.304698,39.006455],[-84.326539,39.027463],[-84.346039,39.036963],[-84.406941,39.045662],[-84.42573,39.053059],[-84.432341,39.067561],[-84.435541,39.102261],[-84.455342,39.12036],[-84.476243,39.11916],[-84.509743,39.09366],[-84.524644,39.09216],[-84.550844,39.09936],[-84.572144,39.08206],[-84.607928,39.073238],[-84.632446,39.07676],[-84.657246,39.09546],[-84.684847,39.100459],[-84.718548,39.137059],[-84.744149,39.147458],[-84.754449,39.146658],[-84.766749,39.138558],[-84.78768,39.115297],[-84.820157,39.10548],[-84.814179,39.814212],[-84.802547,40.50181],[-84.806082,41.696089],[-83.453832,41.732647],[-83.455626,41.727445],[-83.446032,41.706847],[-83.409531,41.691247],[-83.357073,41.687763],[-83.341817,41.693518],[-83.337977,41.70341],[-83.326825,41.701562],[-83.23166,41.644218],[-83.145887,41.617904],[-83.103928,41.613558],[-83.086036,41.60668],[-83.066593,41.59534],[-83.028072,41.555656],[-82.96985,41.524327],[-82.934369,41.514353],[-82.897728,41.519241],[-82.875229,41.529684],[-82.856533,41.55065],[-82.857945,41.578049],[-82.847657,41.585639],[-82.834101,41.587587],[-82.785496,41.540675],[-82.749907,41.54647],[-82.717878,41.54193],[-82.711332,41.53695],[-82.711632,41.527201],[-82.721914,41.516677],[-82.713904,41.501697],[-82.687921,41.492324],[-82.658302,41.461878],[-82.616952,41.428425],[-82.55808,41.400005],[-82.513827,41.384257],[-82.481214,41.381342],[-82.431315,41.396866],[-82.361784,41.426644],[-82.334182,41.430243],[-82.29158,41.428442],[-82.254678,41.434441],[-82.193375,41.46454],[-82.186174,41.47344],[-82.165373,41.47444],[-82.011966,41.515639],[-81.964912,41.505446],[-81.958463,41.498642],[-81.937862,41.491443],[-81.87736,41.483445],[-81.794449,41.49663],[-81.738755,41.48855],[-81.664884,41.53143],[-81.633652,41.540458],[-81.599747,41.560649],[-81.531674,41.612972],[-81.48864,41.631348],[-81.441339,41.674074],[-81.353229,41.727743],[-81.288892,41.758945],[-81.248672,41.761291],[-81.112885,41.817571],[-81.01049,41.853962],[-80.900342,41.868912],[-80.816444,41.897188],[-80.798311,41.909926],[-80.77709,41.908018],[-80.720816,41.919744],[-80.522057,41.97678],[-80.518991,40.638801],[-80.551126,40.628847],[-80.576736,40.614224],[-80.598764,40.625263],[-80.627171,40.619936],[-80.662564,40.5916],[-80.667957,40.582496],[-80.666917,40.573664],[-80.627507,40.535793],[-80.618003,40.502049],[-80.595494,40.475266],[-80.596094,40.463366],[-80.612295,40.434867],[-80.611795,40.403867],[-80.633596,40.390467],[-80.631596,40.385468],[-80.609695,40.374968],[-80.612796,40.347668],[-80.599895,40.317669],[-80.602895,40.307069],[-80.614896,40.291969],[-80.619297,40.26517],[-80.652098,40.24497],[-80.661543,40.229798],[-80.6681,40.199671],[-80.704602,40.154823],[-80.710042,40.138311],[-80.709102,40.101472],[-80.730704,40.086472],[-80.738604,40.075672],[-80.731504,40.037472],[-80.741901,40.007929],[-80.740126,39.970793],[-80.758527,39.959241],[-80.764479,39.95025],[-80.755936,39.916554],[-80.758304,39.910426],[-80.768272,39.909642],[-80.795714,39.91969],[-80.806018,39.91713],[-80.809011,39.903226],[-80.793989,39.882787],[-80.790761,39.86728],[-80.824276,39.847159],[-80.824969,39.801092],[-80.835311,39.79069],[-80.863048,39.775197],[-80.869092,39.766364],[-80.865339,39.753251],[-80.831551,39.719475],[-80.831871,39.705655],[-80.861718,39.693625],[-80.865805,39.686484],[-80.866647,39.652616],[-80.88036,39.620706],[-80.892208,39.616756],[-80.925841,39.617396],[-80.970436,39.590127],[-81.070594,39.515991],[-81.100833,39.487175],[-81.132534,39.446275],[-81.170634,39.439175],[-81.185946,39.430731],[-81.208231,39.407147],[-81.211654,39.392977],[-81.217315,39.38759],[-81.24184,39.390276],[-81.270716,39.385914],[-81.347567,39.34577],[-81.375961,39.341697],[-81.393794,39.351706],[-81.406689,39.38809],[-81.412706,39.394618],[-81.435642,39.408474],[-81.456143,39.409274],[-81.473188,39.40017],[-81.503189,39.373242],[-81.542346,39.352874],[-81.557547,39.338774],[-81.565247,39.276175],[-81.570247,39.267675],[-81.608408,39.276043],[-81.621305,39.273643],[-81.656138,39.277355],[-81.678331,39.273755],[-81.69638,39.257035],[-81.692395,39.226443],[-81.725583,39.215835]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Colorado\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fa998","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Norris, J. Michael 0000-0002-7480-0161 mnorris@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7480-0161","contributorId":1625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norris","given":"J.","email":"mnorris@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":178037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hren, Janet","contributorId":69554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hren","given":"Janet","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Myers, Donna N.","contributorId":63027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Myers","given":"Donna","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chaney, Thomas H.","contributorId":94712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chaney","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Childress, Carolyn J. Oblinger","contributorId":57514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Childress","given":"Carolyn J. Oblinger","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":29564,"text":"wri894178 - 1990 - Trends in water-quality data in Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-22T11:27:31","indexId":"wri894178","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4178","title":"Trends in water-quality data in Texas","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/wri894178","usgsCitation":"Schertz, T.L., 1990, Trends in water-quality data in Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4178, 2 Plates: 27.48 x 26.62 inches and 27.89 x 26.83 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894178.","productDescription":"2 Plates: 27.48 x 26.62 inches and 27.89 x 26.83 inches","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":58393,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4178/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58392,"rank":399,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4178/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":327255,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-97.240849,26.411504],[-97.276425,26.521729],[-97.31073,26.556558],[-97.345822,26.700589],[-97.370438,26.723896],[-97.368343,26.795649],[-97.387459,26.820789],[-97.390078,27.156512],[-97.359963,27.304732],[-97.361796,27.359988],[-97.317277,27.46369],[-97.236882,27.598293],[-97.231383,27.632336],[-97.214099,27.631551],[-97.200743,27.650144],[-97.203474,27.684533],[-97.103326,27.789068],[-97.098874,27.82285],[-97.134489,27.825206],[-97.056713,27.842294],[-96.985745,27.954048],[-96.967807,28.020041],[-96.952618,28.01644],[-96.906004,28.076147],[-96.886233,28.084396],[-96.879424,28.131402],[-96.84538,28.108881],[-96.83003,28.111842],[-96.81042,28.126034],[-96.816443,28.174808],[-96.791958,28.188687],[-96.703838,28.198246],[-96.702659,28.211208],[-96.662462,28.227314],[-96.651856,28.251275],[-96.592934,28.296972],[-96.450998,28.337039],[-96.403206,28.371475],[-96.397846,28.343513],[-96.4137,28.327343],[-96.547774,28.270798],[-96.694666,28.18212],[-96.849624,28.064939],[-96.966996,27.950531],[-97.166682,27.676583],[-97.30447,27.407734],[-97.350398,27.268105],[-97.370941,27.161166],[-97.37913,27.047996],[-97.370731,26.909706],[-97.333028,26.736479],[-97.194644,26.306513],[-97.154271,26.066841],[-97.169842,26.077853],[-97.194458,26.27164],[-97.240849,26.411504]]],[[[-94.886539,29.510724],[-94.894747,29.52697],[-94.87675,29.507922],[-94.886539,29.510724]]],[[[-97.868235,26.056656],[-97.88653,26.066339],[-97.967358,26.051718],[-97.981335,26.067182],[-98.028759,26.06647],[-98.039239,26.041275],[-98.070021,26.047992],[-98.084755,26.070808],[-98.091038,26.059169],[-98.105505,26.067537],[-98.146622,26.049412],[-98.177897,26.074672],[-98.197046,26.056153],[-98.220673,26.076467],[-98.248806,26.073101],[-98.264514,26.085507],[-98.277218,26.098802],[-98.265698,26.12037],[-98.296195,26.120321],[-98.302979,26.11005],[-98.323828,26.121249],[-98.336837,26.166432],[-98.354645,26.15304],[-98.386694,26.157872],[-98.404433,26.182564],[-98.442536,26.199151],[-98.450976,26.219904],[-98.496684,26.212853],[-98.543852,26.234492],[-98.576188,26.235221],[-98.599154,26.257612],[-98.669397,26.23632],[-98.681167,26.26271],[-98.745272,26.303096],[-98.755242,26.3251],[-98.789822,26.331575],[-98.807348,26.369421],[-98.890965,26.357569],[-98.921277,26.381426],[-98.950186,26.380303],[-98.967587,26.398266],[-99.008003,26.395459],[-99.032316,26.412082],[-99.082002,26.39651],[-99.110855,26.426278],[-99.091635,26.476977],[-99.127782,26.525199],[-99.166742,26.536079],[-99.178064,26.620547],[-99.209948,26.693938],[-99.208907,26.724761],[-99.240023,26.745851],[-99.242444,26.788262],[-99.268613,26.843213],[-99.295146,26.86544],[-99.316753,26.865831],[-99.3289,26.879761],[-99.324684,26.915973],[-99.379149,26.93449],[-99.393748,26.96073],[-99.377312,26.973819],[-99.415476,27.01724],[-99.42938,27.010833],[-99.446524,27.023008],[-99.452316,27.062669],[-99.429209,27.090982],[-99.442123,27.106839],[-99.426348,27.176262],[-99.441549,27.24992],[-99.463309,27.268437],[-99.492407,27.264118],[-99.494604,27.303542],[-99.536443,27.312538],[-99.504837,27.338289],[-99.487521,27.412396],[-99.495104,27.451518],[-99.480419,27.481596],[-99.497519,27.500496],[-99.52582,27.496696],[-99.515978,27.572131],[-99.55495,27.614454],[-99.580006,27.602251],[-99.578099,27.619196],[-99.594038,27.638573],[-99.638929,27.626758],[-99.665948,27.635968],[-99.668942,27.659974],[-99.711511,27.658365],[-99.77074,27.732134],[-99.796342,27.735586],[-99.813086,27.773952],[-99.835127,27.762881],[-99.850877,27.793974],[-99.877677,27.799427],[-99.876003,27.837968],[-99.904385,27.875284],[-99.895828,27.904178],[-99.937142,27.940537],[-99.931812,27.980967],[-99.991447,27.99456],[-100.017914,28.064787],[-100.053123,28.08473],[-100.083393,28.144035],[-100.208059,28.190383],[-100.22363,28.235224],[-100.2462,28.234092],[-100.289384,28.273491],[-100.286471,28.312296],[-100.341869,28.384953],[-100.349586,28.402604],[-100.337797,28.44296],[-100.368288,28.477196],[-100.333814,28.499252],[-100.38886,28.515748],[-100.411414,28.551899],[-100.398385,28.584884],[-100.44732,28.609325],[-100.445529,28.637144],[-100.495863,28.658569],[-100.510055,28.690723],[-100.507613,28.740599],[-100.533017,28.76328],[-100.53583,28.805888],[-100.547324,28.825817],[-100.57051,28.826317],[-100.602054,28.901944],[-100.640568,28.914212],[-100.651512,28.943432],[-100.645894,28.986421],[-100.674656,29.099777],[-100.772649,29.168492],[-100.767059,29.195287],[-100.785521,29.228137],[-100.795681,29.22773],[-100.797671,29.246943],[-100.876049,29.279585],[-100.886842,29.307848],[-100.948972,29.347246],[-101.004207,29.364772],[-101.060151,29.458661],[-101.151877,29.477005],[-101.173821,29.514566],[-101.254895,29.520342],[-101.242023,29.592512],[-101.259127,29.607284],[-101.307332,29.587847],[-101.311219,29.648491],[-101.361756,29.657821],[-101.415402,29.756561],[-101.441059,29.753451],[-101.475269,29.780663],[-101.522695,29.759671],[-101.546797,29.796991],[-101.582562,29.771334],[-101.625958,29.771063],[-101.646418,29.754304],[-101.662453,29.77128],[-101.706636,29.762737],[-101.852604,29.801895],[-101.922585,29.790161],[-101.974548,29.810276],[-101.987539,29.801057],[-102.034759,29.804028],[-102.050044,29.78507],[-102.115682,29.79239],[-102.159601,29.814356],[-102.181894,29.846034],[-102.227553,29.843534],[-102.315389,29.87992],[-102.364542,29.845387],[-102.386678,29.76688],[-102.508313,29.783219],[-102.513381,29.76576],[-102.539417,29.751629],[-102.559343,29.760377],[-102.630151,29.734315],[-102.670971,29.741954],[-102.698347,29.695591],[-102.693466,29.676507],[-102.742031,29.632142],[-102.739991,29.599041],[-102.768341,29.594734],[-102.771429,29.548546],[-102.808692,29.522319],[-102.807327,29.494009],[-102.832539,29.433109],[-102.824564,29.399558],[-102.843021,29.357988],[-102.879534,29.353327],[-102.888328,29.291947],[-102.906296,29.260011],[-102.871347,29.241625],[-102.866846,29.225015],[-102.890064,29.208814],[-102.915866,29.215878],[-102.917805,29.190697],[-102.944911,29.18882],[-102.953475,29.176308],[-102.989432,29.183174],[-103.015028,29.12577],[-103.035683,29.103029],[-103.074407,29.088534],[-103.100266,29.0577],[-103.113922,28.988547],[-103.156646,28.972831],[-103.227801,28.991532],[-103.239109,28.981651],[-103.260308,28.989731],[-103.28119,28.982138],[-103.341463,29.041224],[-103.355428,29.021529],[-103.427754,29.042334],[-103.471265,29.073115],[-103.503236,29.11911],[-103.524613,29.120998],[-103.523384,29.133389],[-103.558679,29.154962],[-103.645635,29.159286],[-103.71377,29.185008],[-103.816642,29.270927],[-103.975235,29.296017],[-104.038282,29.320156],[-104.106467,29.373127],[-104.166563,29.399352],[-104.233487,29.492734],[-104.318074,29.527938],[-104.334811,29.519463],[-104.381041,29.543406],[-104.399591,29.572319],[-104.507568,29.639624],[-104.539761,29.676074],[-104.565688,29.770462],[-104.679772,29.924659],[-104.679661,29.975272],[-104.706874,30.050685],[-104.685003,30.085643],[-104.695366,30.13213],[-104.687296,30.179464],[-104.713166,30.237957],[-104.733822,30.261221],[-104.749664,30.26126],[-104.761634,30.301148],[-104.809794,30.334926],[-104.824314,30.370466],[-104.859521,30.390413],[-104.85242,30.418792],[-104.876787,30.511004],[-104.924796,30.604832],[-104.967167,30.608107],[-105.002057,30.680972],[-105.062334,30.686303],[-105.113816,30.746001],[-105.152362,30.751452],[-105.195144,30.792138],[-105.255416,30.797029],[-105.287238,30.822206],[-105.314863,30.816961],[-105.360672,30.847384],[-105.394242,30.852979],[-105.399609,30.888941],[-105.533088,30.984859],[-105.55743,30.990229],[-105.60333,31.082625],[-105.64189,31.098322],[-105.646731,31.113908],[-105.709491,31.136375],[-105.742678,31.164897],[-105.773257,31.166897],[-105.779725,31.191283],[-105.869353,31.288634],[-105.938452,31.318735],[-105.953943,31.364749],[-106.004926,31.392458],[-106.080258,31.398702],[-106.203969,31.465378],[-106.246203,31.541153],[-106.280811,31.562062],[-106.303536,31.620413],[-106.378039,31.72831],[-106.451541,31.764808],[-106.484642,31.747809],[-106.542097,31.802146],[-106.602727,31.825024],[-106.605845,31.846305],[-106.635926,31.866235],[-106.629197,31.883717],[-106.645296,31.894859],[-106.614346,31.918003],[-106.623933,31.925335],[-106.614702,31.956],[-106.622819,31.952891],[-106.618745,31.966955],[-106.638186,31.97682],[-106.618486,32.000495],[-103.064423,32.000518],[-103.064625,32.999899],[-103.043531,34.018014],[-103.041924,36.500439],[-100.003762,36.499699],[-100.000381,34.560509],[-99.929334,34.576714],[-99.825325,34.497596],[-99.754248,34.421289],[-99.696462,34.381036],[-99.665992,34.374185],[-99.600026,34.374688],[-99.569696,34.418418],[-99.499875,34.409608],[-99.430995,34.373414],[-99.399603,34.375079],[-99.394956,34.442099],[-99.381011,34.456936],[-99.358795,34.455863],[-99.318363,34.408296],[-99.289922,34.414731],[-99.264167,34.405149],[-99.25898,34.391243],[-99.273958,34.38756],[-99.242945,34.372668],[-99.233274,34.344101],[-99.210716,34.336304],[-99.211648,34.292232],[-99.19457,34.272424],[-99.189511,34.214312],[-99.159016,34.20888],[-99.130609,34.219408],[-99.126567,34.203004],[-99.079535,34.211518],[-99.048792,34.198209],[-99.013075,34.203222],[-98.990852,34.221633],[-98.974132,34.203566],[-98.952513,34.21265],[-98.909349,34.177499],[-98.872922,34.166584],[-98.868116,34.149635],[-98.8579,34.159627],[-98.812954,34.158444],[-98.749291,34.124238],[-98.735471,34.135208],[-98.696518,34.133521],[-98.648073,34.164441],[-98.603978,34.160249],[-98.577136,34.148962],[-98.486328,34.062598],[-98.414426,34.085074],[-98.384381,34.146317],[-98.367494,34.156191],[-98.16912,34.114171],[-98.114506,34.154727],[-98.09066,34.12198],[-98.120208,34.072127],[-98.099096,34.048639],[-98.104022,34.036233],[-98.088203,34.005481],[-98.027672,33.993357],[-97.978243,34.005387],[-97.947572,33.991053],[-97.974173,33.942832],[-97.955511,33.938186],[-97.957155,33.914454],[-97.983552,33.904002],[-97.967777,33.88243],[-97.877387,33.850236],[-97.834333,33.857671],[-97.784657,33.890632],[-97.783717,33.91056],[-97.76377,33.914241],[-97.762768,33.934396],[-97.725289,33.941045],[-97.69311,33.983699],[-97.671772,33.99137],[-97.589598,33.953554],[-97.589254,33.903922],[-97.551541,33.897947],[-97.50096,33.919643],[-97.460376,33.903948],[-97.451469,33.87093],[-97.462857,33.841772],[-97.426493,33.819398],[-97.365507,33.823763],[-97.33294,33.87444],[-97.315913,33.865838],[-97.299245,33.880175],[-97.256625,33.863286],[-97.24618,33.900344],[-97.210921,33.916064],[-97.179609,33.89225],[-97.166629,33.847311],[-97.203514,33.821825],[-97.205431,33.801488],[-97.172192,33.737545],[-97.126102,33.716941],[-97.086195,33.743933],[-97.087999,33.808747],[-97.058623,33.818752],[-97.052209,33.841737],[-97.023899,33.844213],[-96.985567,33.886522],[-96.996183,33.941728],[-96.979415,33.956178],[-96.973807,33.935697],[-96.9163,33.957798],[-96.875281,33.860505],[-96.85609,33.84749],[-96.837413,33.871349],[-96.794276,33.868886],[-96.761588,33.824406],[-96.704457,33.835021],[-96.667187,33.91694],[-96.630117,33.895422],[-96.592948,33.895616],[-96.590112,33.880665],[-96.625399,33.856542],[-96.623155,33.841483],[-96.572937,33.819098],[-96.523863,33.818114],[-96.502286,33.77346],[-96.422643,33.776041],[-96.348306,33.686379],[-96.309964,33.710489],[-96.294867,33.764771],[-96.277269,33.769735],[-96.220521,33.74739],[-96.178059,33.760518],[-96.162757,33.788769],[-96.178964,33.810553],[-96.150765,33.816987],[-96.15163,33.831946],[-96.138905,33.839159],[-96.09936,33.83047],[-96.101349,33.845721],[-96.005296,33.845505],[-95.991487,33.866869],[-95.951609,33.857017],[-95.936132,33.886826],[-95.831948,33.835161],[-95.821666,33.856633],[-95.805149,33.861304],[-95.776255,33.845145],[-95.75431,33.853992],[-95.761916,33.883402],[-95.747335,33.895756],[-95.696962,33.885218],[-95.669978,33.905844],[-95.636978,33.906613],[-95.599678,33.934247],[-95.556915,33.92702],[-95.545197,33.880294],[-95.515302,33.891142],[-95.492028,33.874822],[-95.461499,33.883686],[-95.464211,33.873372],[-95.44737,33.86885],[-95.339122,33.868873],[-95.334523,33.885788],[-95.283445,33.877746],[-95.280351,33.896751],[-95.255747,33.902939],[-95.252906,33.933648],[-95.219358,33.961567],[-95.121184,33.931307],[-95.093929,33.895963],[-95.061065,33.895292],[-95.049025,33.86409],[-95.008376,33.866089],[-94.983303,33.851354],[-94.976208,33.859847],[-94.948716,33.818023],[-94.91945,33.810176],[-94.919614,33.786305],[-94.879218,33.764912],[-94.8693,33.745871],[-94.830804,33.740068],[-94.817427,33.752172],[-94.798634,33.744527],[-94.775064,33.755038],[-94.762961,33.731787],[-94.742576,33.727009],[-94.732384,33.700254],[-94.714865,33.707261],[-94.710725,33.691654],[-94.684792,33.684353],[-94.659167,33.692138],[-94.646113,33.6693],[-94.57962,33.677623],[-94.520725,33.616567],[-94.491503,33.625115],[-94.485875,33.637867],[-94.448637,33.642766],[-94.468086,33.599436],[-94.430039,33.591124],[-94.413155,33.569368],[-94.378076,33.577019],[-94.397398,33.562314],[-94.389515,33.546778],[-94.355945,33.54318],[-94.345513,33.567313],[-94.309582,33.551673],[-94.289129,33.582144],[-94.280849,33.577187],[-94.290901,33.558872],[-94.27909,33.557026],[-94.245932,33.589114],[-94.237975,33.577757],[-94.250197,33.556765],[-94.226392,33.552912],[-94.205634,33.567229],[-94.193248,33.556154],[-94.192483,33.570425],[-94.217408,33.57926],[-94.183913,33.594682],[-94.152626,33.575923],[-94.146048,33.581975],[-94.14852,33.565678],[-94.136864,33.571],[-94.128658,33.550952],[-94.088943,33.575322],[-94.061283,33.568805],[-94.055663,33.561887],[-94.073744,33.558285],[-94.06548,33.550909],[-94.04604,33.551321],[-94.04272,31.999265],[-94.018664,31.990843],[-93.971712,31.920384],[-93.923929,31.88985],[-93.904766,31.890599],[-93.874761,31.821661],[-93.827451,31.777741],[-93.830647,31.745811],[-93.802694,31.697783],[-93.826462,31.666919],[-93.816838,31.622509],[-93.838057,31.606795],[-93.834924,31.586211],[-93.798087,31.534044],[-93.743376,31.525196],[-93.725925,31.504092],[-93.74987,31.475276],[-93.70093,31.437784],[-93.704879,31.410881],[-93.674117,31.397681],[-93.665052,31.363886],[-93.687851,31.309835],[-93.642516,31.269508],[-93.620343,31.271025],[-93.598828,31.174679],[-93.588503,31.165581],[-93.535097,31.185614],[-93.551693,31.097258],[-93.52301,31.065241],[-93.516943,31.032584],[-93.539526,31.008498],[-93.566017,31.004567],[-93.571906,30.987614],[-93.526245,30.939411],[-93.567788,30.888302],[-93.554057,30.824941],[-93.561666,30.807739],[-93.584265,30.796663],[-93.592828,30.763986],[-93.619129,30.742002],[-93.611192,30.718053],[-93.629904,30.67994],[-93.6831,30.640763],[-93.684329,30.592586],[-93.727844,30.57407],[-93.729195,30.544842],[-93.740253,30.539569],[-93.714322,30.518562],[-93.697828,30.443838],[-93.757654,30.390423],[-93.765822,30.333318],[-93.708645,30.288317],[-93.705083,30.242752],[-93.720946,30.209852],[-93.688212,30.141376],[-93.701252,30.137376],[-93.702436,30.112721],[-93.732485,30.088914],[-93.70082,30.056274],[-93.720805,30.053043],[-93.739734,30.023987],[-93.786935,29.99058],[-93.838374,29.882855],[-93.927992,29.80964],[-93.926504,29.78956],[-93.89847,29.771577],[-93.891637,29.744618],[-93.873941,29.73777],[-93.837971,29.690619],[-93.866981,29.673085],[-94.001406,29.681486],[-94.132577,29.646217],[-94.594853,29.467903],[-94.694158,29.415632],[-94.731047,29.369141],[-94.778691,29.361483],[-94.783131,29.375642],[-94.766848,29.393489],[-94.6724,29.476843],[-94.608557,29.483345],[-94.566674,29.531988],[-94.532348,29.5178],[-94.495025,29.525031],[-94.503429,29.54325],[-94.522421,29.545672],[-94.553988,29.573882],[-94.740699,29.525858],[-94.783296,29.535314],[-94.78954,29.546494],[-94.755237,29.562782],[-94.708741,29.625226],[-94.693154,29.694453],[-94.695317,29.723052],[-94.735271,29.785433],[-94.816085,29.75671],[-94.851108,29.721373],[-94.872551,29.67125],[-94.893107,29.661336],[-94.915413,29.656614],[-94.936089,29.692704],[-94.965963,29.70033],[-95.015636,29.639457],[-94.982936,29.60167],[-95.016889,29.548303],[-94.981916,29.511141],[-94.909898,29.49691],[-94.930861,29.450504],[-94.8908,29.433432],[-94.893994,29.30817],[-94.921593,29.281556],[-94.952526,29.290122],[-95.099101,29.173529],[-95.151925,29.151162],[-95.16525,29.113566],[-95.136221,29.084537],[-94.879239,29.285839],[-94.824953,29.306005],[-94.822307,29.344254],[-94.810696,29.353435],[-94.784895,29.335535],[-94.72253,29.331446],[-95.081773,29.111222],[-95.38239,28.866348],[-95.439594,28.859022],[-95.812504,28.664942],[-96.220376,28.491966],[-96.378616,28.383909],[-96.37596,28.401682],[-96.335119,28.437795],[-96.223825,28.495067],[-96.21505,28.509679],[-95.98616,28.606319],[-95.978526,28.650594],[-95.996338,28.658736],[-96.006516,28.648049],[-96.047737,28.649067],[-96.221784,28.580364],[-96.233998,28.596649],[-96.212624,28.622604],[-96.230944,28.641433],[-96.192267,28.687744],[-96.19583,28.69894],[-96.222802,28.698431],[-96.287942,28.683164],[-96.304227,28.671459],[-96.303718,28.644996],[-96.373439,28.626675],[-96.487943,28.569677],[-96.485907,28.607845],[-96.510844,28.61497],[-96.499648,28.635835],[-96.563262,28.644487],[-96.572931,28.667897],[-96.561226,28.696395],[-96.584091,28.722798],[-96.664534,28.696904],[-96.61059,28.638889],[-96.61975,28.627693],[-96.611099,28.585962],[-96.565297,28.5824],[-96.561226,28.570695],[-96.526111,28.557972],[-96.505755,28.525911],[-96.402446,28.449066],[-96.59176,28.357462],[-96.672677,28.335579],[-96.705247,28.348811],[-96.710336,28.406827],[-96.772209,28.408074],[-96.794554,28.365688],[-96.791761,28.31217],[-96.809573,28.290287],[-96.787181,28.255681],[-96.800413,28.224128],[-96.934765,28.123873],[-96.962755,28.123365],[-97.027014,28.148408],[-97.021303,28.1841],[-97.037008,28.185528],[-97.153601,28.13318],[-97.214039,28.087494],[-97.21535,28.076575],[-97.176444,28.059892],[-97.137421,28.057037],[-97.025693,28.11216],[-97.035528,28.084688],[-97.025859,28.041939],[-97.129168,27.919801],[-97.186709,27.825453],[-97.219738,27.823939],[-97.250797,27.876035],[-97.272253,27.881427],[-97.379042,27.837867],[-97.393291,27.782905],[-97.368355,27.741683],[-97.316446,27.712676],[-97.253955,27.696696],[-97.296598,27.613947],[-97.294054,27.5941],[-97.321535,27.571199],[-97.401942,27.335574],[-97.508304,27.275014],[-97.532223,27.278577],[-97.544437,27.284175],[-97.498126,27.308602],[-97.502706,27.322343],[-97.483877,27.338628],[-97.48693,27.358984],[-97.501688,27.366618],[-97.609068,27.285193],[-97.63146,27.28621],[-97.640111,27.270943],[-97.628916,27.242953],[-97.54291,27.229213],[-97.42408,27.264073],[-97.443673,27.116235],[-97.45665,27.099695],[-97.495836,27.094098],[-97.477515,27.066108],[-97.48693,27.057711],[-97.486676,27.03481],[-97.473444,27.02285],[-97.478533,26.999186],[-97.555378,26.99028],[-97.555378,26.93888],[-97.540874,26.90631],[-97.563266,26.842188],[-97.509831,26.803511],[-97.468609,26.740915],[-97.445708,26.609362],[-97.416955,26.553637],[-97.441383,26.455418],[-97.41721,26.44982],[-97.42179,26.417249],[-97.382485,26.411326],[-97.369627,26.394603],[-97.388965,26.36585],[-97.387947,26.330481],[-97.358176,26.356435],[-97.335275,26.355672],[-97.336802,26.331753],[-97.352833,26.318521],[-97.343927,26.267376],[-97.311866,26.273737],[-97.307031,26.253126],[-97.32128,26.236078],[-97.296598,26.200709],[-97.306776,26.159487],[-97.282094,26.120301],[-97.294054,26.11394],[-97.270898,26.086459],[-97.199651,26.077044],[-97.195071,26.04193],[-97.224842,26.027426],[-97.219244,25.996128],[-97.208557,25.991802],[-97.167208,26.007069],[-97.162628,26.023482],[-97.18273,26.053126],[-97.152009,26.062108],[-97.146294,25.955606],[-97.276707,25.952147],[-97.277163,25.935438],[-97.350398,25.925241],[-97.37443,25.907444],[-97.360082,25.868874],[-97.372864,25.840117],[-97.422636,25.840378],[-97.445113,25.850026],[-97.454727,25.879337],[-97.521762,25.886458],[-97.546421,25.934077],[-97.582565,25.937857],[-97.583044,25.955443],[-97.598043,25.957556],[-97.643708,26.016943],[-97.758838,26.032131],[-97.789823,26.04246],[-97.801344,26.060017],[-97.868235,26.056656]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Texas\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db6250c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schertz, Terry L. tschertz@usgs.gov","contributorId":188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schertz","given":"Terry","email":"tschertz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":201726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70207079,"text":"70207079 - 1990 - Fractal properties of tremor and gas piston events observed at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-03T13:34:25.48753","indexId":"70207079","displayToPublicDate":"1991-12-31T13:29:32","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fractal properties of tremor and gas piston events observed at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","docAbstract":"

Studies the fractal properties of shallow volcanic tremor and gas piston events associated with magma degassing at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, using data from two dense short-baseline arrays of seismographs deployed near the active crater of Puu Oo on the east rift of the volcano. The existence of a categorically stable attractor characterizing both types of activities strongly suggests that the excitation mechanism of tremor is similar to that of gas piston events, which in turn are correlated with visual observations at the volcanic vent. Low values derived for the dimension of the attractor in phase space points to significant self-organization in the process of generation of tremor and offers general constraints on the dimensionality of attractors derived from models of acoustic emission associated with magma flow, vesiculation, and degassing. -from Authors

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/91JB00772","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Chouet, B., and Shaw, H.R., 1990, Fractal properties of tremor and gas piston events observed at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 96, no. B6, p. 10177-10189, https://doi.org/10.1029/91JB00772.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"10177","endPage":"10189","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":370005,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-155.778234,20.245743],[-155.772734,20.245409],[-155.746893,20.232325],[-155.737004,20.222773],[-155.735822,20.212417],[-155.732704,20.205392],[-155.653966,20.16736],[-155.630382,20.146916],[-155.624565,20.145911],[-155.607797,20.137987],[-155.600909,20.126573],[-155.598033,20.124539],[-155.590923,20.122497],[-155.58168,20.123617],[-155.568368,20.130545],[-155.558933,20.13157],[-155.523661,20.120028],[-155.516795,20.11523],[-155.502561,20.114155],[-155.468211,20.104296],[-155.443957,20.095318],[-155.405459,20.078772],[-155.4024,20.075541],[-155.387578,20.067119],[-155.33021,20.038517],[-155.29548,20.024438],[-155.282629,20.021969],[-155.270316,20.014525],[-155.240933,19.990173],[-155.204486,19.969438],[-155.194593,19.958368],[-155.179939,19.949372],[-155.149215,19.922872],[-155.144394,19.920523],[-155.131235,19.906801],[-155.124618,19.897288],[-155.12175,19.886099],[-155.107541,19.872467],[-155.098716,19.867811],[-155.095032,19.867882],[-155.086341,19.855399],[-155.084357,19.849736],[-155.085674,19.838584],[-155.088979,19.826656],[-155.094414,19.81491],[-155.09207,19.799409],[-155.091216,19.776368],[-155.093517,19.771832],[-155.093387,19.737751],[-155.087118,19.728013],[-155.079426,19.726193],[-155.063972,19.728917],[-155.045382,19.739824],[-155.006423,19.739286],[-154.997278,19.72858],[-154.987168,19.708524],[-154.981102,19.690687],[-154.984718,19.672161],[-154.983778,19.641647],[-154.974342,19.633201],[-154.963933,19.627605],[-154.950359,19.626461],[-154.947874,19.62425],[-154.947718,19.621947],[-154.951014,19.613614],[-154.947106,19.604856],[-154.93394,19.597505],[-154.928205,19.592702],[-154.924422,19.586553],[-154.903542,19.570622],[-154.875,19.556797],[-154.852618,19.549172],[-154.837384,19.538354],[-154.826732,19.537626],[-154.814417,19.53009],[-154.809561,19.522377],[-154.809379,19.519086],[-154.822968,19.48129],[-154.838545,19.463642],[-154.86854,19.438126],[-154.887817,19.426425],[-154.928772,19.397646],[-154.944185,19.381852],[-154.964619,19.365646],[-154.980861,19.349291],[-155.020537,19.331317],[-155.061729,19.316636],[-155.113272,19.290613],[-155.1337,19.276099],[-155.159635,19.268375],[-155.172413,19.26906],[-155.187427,19.266156],[-155.19626,19.261295],[-155.205892,19.260907],[-155.243961,19.271313],[-155.264619,19.274213],[-155.296761,19.266289],[-155.303808,19.261835],[-155.31337,19.250698],[-155.341268,19.234039],[-155.349148,19.217756],[-155.360631,19.20893],[-155.378638,19.202435],[-155.390701,19.201171],[-155.417369,19.187858],[-155.427093,19.179546],[-155.432519,19.170623],[-155.453516,19.151952],[-155.465663,19.146964],[-155.505281,19.137908],[-155.51474,19.132501],[-155.51214,19.128174],[-155.512137,19.124296],[-155.519652,19.117025],[-155.526136,19.115889],[-155.528902,19.11371],[-155.544806,19.091059],[-155.551129,19.08878],[-155.557817,19.08213],[-155.555326,19.069377],[-155.555177,19.053932],[-155.557371,19.046565],[-155.566446,19.032531],[-155.576599,19.027412],[-155.581903,19.02224],[-155.596032,18.998833],[-155.596521,18.980654],[-155.601866,18.971572],[-155.613966,18.970399],[-155.625256,18.961951],[-155.625,18.959934],[-155.638054,18.941723],[-155.658486,18.924835],[-155.672005,18.917466],[-155.681825,18.918694],[-155.687716,18.923358],[-155.690171,18.932195],[-155.693117,18.940542],[-155.726043,18.969437],[-155.763598,18.981837],[-155.806109,19.013967],[-155.853943,19.023762],[-155.88155,19.036644],[-155.884077,19.039266],[-155.886278,19.05576],[-155.903693,19.080777],[-155.908355,19.081138],[-155.921389,19.121183],[-155.917292,19.155963],[-155.903339,19.217792],[-155.90491,19.230147],[-155.902565,19.258427],[-155.895435,19.274639],[-155.890842,19.298905],[-155.887356,19.337101],[-155.888701,19.348031],[-155.898792,19.377984],[-155.913849,19.401107],[-155.909087,19.415455],[-155.921707,19.43055],[-155.924269,19.438794],[-155.925166,19.468081],[-155.922609,19.478611],[-155.924124,19.481406],[-155.930523,19.484921],[-155.935641,19.485628],[-155.936403,19.481905],[-155.939145,19.481577],[-155.95149,19.486649],[-155.952897,19.488805],[-155.953663,19.510003],[-155.960457,19.546612],[-155.962264,19.551779],[-155.965211,19.554745],[-155.96935,19.555963],[-155.970969,19.586328],[-155.978206,19.608159],[-155.997728,19.642816],[-156.028982,19.650098],[-156.032928,19.653905],[-156.034994,19.65936],[-156.033326,19.66923],[-156.027427,19.672154],[-156.029281,19.678908],[-156.036079,19.690252],[-156.04796,19.698938],[-156.051652,19.703649],[-156.052485,19.718667],[-156.064364,19.730766],[-156.05722,19.742536],[-156.052315,19.756836],[-156.049651,19.780452],[-156.021732,19.8022],[-156.006267,19.81758],[-155.982821,19.845651],[-155.976651,19.85053],[-155.964817,19.855183],[-155.949251,19.857034],[-155.945297,19.853443],[-155.940311,19.852305],[-155.925843,19.858928],[-155.926938,19.870221],[-155.92549,19.875],[-155.915662,19.887126],[-155.901987,19.912081],[-155.894099,19.923135],[-155.894474,19.926927],[-155.892533,19.932162],[-155.866919,19.954172],[-155.856588,19.968885],[-155.840708,19.976952],[-155.838692,19.975527],[-155.835312,19.976078],[-155.831948,19.982775],[-155.828965,19.995542],[-155.825473,20.025944],[-155.828182,20.035424],[-155.850385,20.062506],[-155.866931,20.078652],[-155.88419,20.10675],[-155.899149,20.145728],[-155.906035,20.205157],[-155.901452,20.235787],[-155.890663,20.25524],[-155.882631,20.263026],[-155.873921,20.267744],[-155.853293,20.271548],[-155.811459,20.26032],[-155.783242,20.246395],[-155.778234,20.245743]]],[[[-157.789581,21.438396],[-157.789734,21.437679],[-157.789276,21.435833],[-157.790543,21.434313],[-157.791718,21.434881],[-157.793045,21.43391],[-157.793167,21.43574],[-157.791565,21.43651],[-157.791779,21.437752],[-157.793289,21.437658],[-157.791779,21.438435],[-157.791092,21.438442],[-157.790741,21.43874],[-157.789581,21.438396]]],[[[-160.125,21.95909],[-160.122262,21.962881],[-160.112746,21.995245],[-160.09645,22.001489],[-160.072123,22.003334],[-160.058543,21.99638],[-160.051992,21.983681],[-160.052729,21.980321],[-160.056336,21.977939],[-160.060549,21.976729],[-160.063349,21.978354],[-160.065811,21.976562],[-160.078393,21.955153],[-160.085787,21.927295],[-160.080012,21.910808],[-160.079065,21.89608],[-160.098897,21.884711],[-160.124283,21.876789],[-160.147609,21.872814],[-160.16162,21.864746],[-160.174796,21.846923],[-160.189782,21.82245],[-160.205211,21.789053],[-160.200427,21.786479],[-160.205851,21.779518],[-160.218044,21.783755],[-160.23478,21.795418],[-160.24961,21.815145],[-160.244943,21.848943],[-160.231028,21.886263],[-160.228965,21.889117],[-160.21383,21.899193],[-160.205528,21.907507],[-160.202716,21.912422],[-160.190158,21.923592],[-160.167471,21.932863],[-160.13705,21.948632],[-160.127302,21.955508],[-160.125,21.95909]]],[[[-159.431707,22.220015],[-159.40732,22.230555],[-159.388119,22.223252],[-159.385977,22.220009],[-159.367563,22.214906],[-159.359842,22.214831],[-159.357227,22.217744],[-159.353795,22.217669],[-159.339964,22.208519],[-159.315613,22.186817],[-159.308855,22.155555],[-159.297808,22.149748],[-159.295875,22.144547],[-159.295271,22.13039],[-159.297143,22.113815],[-159.317451,22.080944],[-159.321667,22.063411],[-159.324775,22.05867],[-159.333267,22.054639],[-159.337996,22.046575],[-159.341401,22.028978],[-159.333224,21.973005],[-159.333109,21.964176],[-159.334714,21.961099],[-159.350828,21.950817],[-159.356613,21.939546],[-159.382349,21.924479],[-159.408284,21.897781],[-159.425862,21.884527],[-159.446599,21.871647],[-159.471962,21.88292],[-159.490914,21.888898],[-159.517973,21.890996],[-159.555415,21.891355],[-159.574991,21.896585],[-159.577784,21.900486],[-159.584272,21.899038],[-159.610241,21.898356],[-159.637849,21.917166],[-159.648132,21.93297],[-159.671872,21.957038],[-159.681493,21.960054],[-159.705255,21.963427],[-159.72014,21.970789],[-159.758218,21.980694],[-159.765735,21.986593],[-159.788139,22.018411],[-159.790932,22.031177],[-159.786543,22.06369],[-159.780096,22.072567],[-159.748159,22.100388],[-159.741223,22.115666],[-159.733457,22.142756],[-159.726043,22.152171],[-159.699978,22.165252],[-159.66984,22.170782],[-159.608794,22.207878],[-159.591596,22.219456],[-159.583965,22.22668],[-159.559643,22.229185],[-159.554166,22.228212],[-159.548594,22.226263],[-159.54115,22.216764],[-159.534594,22.219403],[-159.523769,22.217602],[-159.51941,22.215646],[-159.518348,22.211182],[-159.515574,22.208008],[-159.507811,22.205987],[-159.501055,22.211064],[-159.500821,22.225538],[-159.488558,22.23317],[-159.480158,22.232715],[-159.467007,22.226529],[-159.45619,22.228811],[-159.441809,22.226321],[-159.431707,22.220015]]],[[[-157.014553,21.185503],[-156.999108,21.182221],[-156.991318,21.18551],[-156.987768,21.18935],[-156.982343,21.207798],[-156.984464,21.210063],[-156.984032,21.212198],[-156.974002,21.218503],[-156.969064,21.217018],[-156.962847,21.212131],[-156.951654,21.191662],[-156.950808,21.182636],[-156.946159,21.175963],[-156.918248,21.168279],[-156.903466,21.16421],[-156.898174,21.16594],[-156.89613,21.169561],[-156.896537,21.172208],[-156.867944,21.16452],[-156.841592,21.167926],[-156.821944,21.174693],[-156.771495,21.180053],[-156.742231,21.176214],[-156.738341,21.17202],[-156.736648,21.16188],[-156.719386,21.163911],[-156.712696,21.161547],[-156.714158,21.152238],[-156.726033,21.13236],[-156.748932,21.1086],[-156.775995,21.089751],[-156.790815,21.081686],[-156.794136,21.075796],[-156.835351,21.06336],[-156.865795,21.057801],[-156.877137,21.0493],[-156.891946,21.051831],[-156.89517,21.055771],[-156.953719,21.067761],[-157.00295,21.083282],[-157.02617,21.089015],[-157.032045,21.091094],[-157.037667,21.097864],[-157.079696,21.105835],[-157.095373,21.10636],[-157.125,21.1026],[-157.143483,21.096632],[-157.254061,21.090601],[-157.298054,21.096917],[-157.313343,21.105755],[-157.299187,21.132488],[-157.299471,21.135972],[-157.293774,21.146127],[-157.284346,21.157755],[-157.276474,21.163175],[-157.274504,21.162762],[-157.259911,21.174875],[-157.254709,21.181376],[-157.251007,21.190952],[-157.25026,21.207739],[-157.256935,21.215665],[-157.261457,21.217661],[-157.263163,21.220873],[-157.26069,21.225684],[-157.257085,21.227268],[-157.241534,21.220969],[-157.226445,21.220185],[-157.212082,21.221848],[-157.202125,21.219298],[-157.192439,21.207644],[-157.185553,21.205602],[-157.157103,21.200706],[-157.148125,21.200745],[-157.144627,21.202555],[-157.128207,21.201488],[-157.113438,21.197375],[-157.097971,21.198012],[-157.064264,21.189076],[-157.053053,21.188754],[-157.047757,21.190739],[-157.039987,21.190909],[-157.014553,21.185503]]],[[[-156.544169,20.522802],[-156.550016,20.520273],[-156.559994,20.521892],[-156.586238,20.511711],[-156.603844,20.524372],[-156.631143,20.514943],[-156.642347,20.508285],[-156.647464,20.512017],[-156.668809,20.504738],[-156.682939,20.506775],[-156.703673,20.527237],[-156.702265,20.532451],[-156.696662,20.541646],[-156.6801,20.557021],[-156.651567,20.565574],[-156.614598,20.587109],[-156.610734,20.59377],[-156.576871,20.60657],[-156.56714,20.604895],[-156.553604,20.594729],[-156.543034,20.580115],[-156.542808,20.573674],[-156.548909,20.56859],[-156.556021,20.542657],[-156.553018,20.539382],[-156.540189,20.534741],[-156.539643,20.527644],[-156.544169,20.522802]]],[[[-156.612012,21.02477],[-156.612065,21.027273],[-156.606238,21.034371],[-156.592256,21.03288],[-156.580448,21.020172],[-156.562773,21.016167],[-156.549813,21.004939],[-156.546291,21.005082],[-156.528246,20.967757],[-156.518707,20.954662],[-156.512226,20.95128],[-156.510391,20.940358],[-156.507913,20.937886],[-156.49948,20.934577],[-156.495883,20.928005],[-156.493263,20.916011],[-156.481055,20.898199],[-156.474796,20.894546],[-156.422668,20.911631],[-156.386045,20.919563],[-156.374297,20.927616],[-156.370729,20.932669],[-156.352649,20.941414],[-156.345655,20.941596],[-156.342365,20.938737],[-156.332817,20.94645],[-156.324578,20.950184],[-156.307198,20.942739],[-156.286332,20.947701],[-156.275116,20.937361],[-156.263107,20.940888],[-156.242555,20.937838],[-156.230159,20.931936],[-156.230089,20.917864],[-156.226757,20.916677],[-156.222062,20.918309],[-156.217953,20.916573],[-156.216341,20.907035],[-156.173103,20.876926],[-156.170458,20.874605],[-156.166746,20.865646],[-156.132669,20.861369],[-156.129381,20.847513],[-156.115735,20.827301],[-156.100123,20.828502],[-156.090291,20.831872],[-156.059788,20.81054],[-156.033287,20.808246],[-156.003532,20.795545],[-156.002947,20.789418],[-155.987944,20.776552],[-155.984587,20.767496],[-155.986851,20.758577],[-155.985413,20.744245],[-155.987216,20.722717],[-155.991534,20.713654],[-156.00187,20.698064],[-156.01415,20.685681],[-156.020044,20.686857],[-156.030702,20.682452],[-156.040341,20.672719],[-156.043786,20.664902],[-156.053385,20.65432],[-156.059753,20.652044],[-156.081472,20.654387],[-156.089365,20.648519],[-156.120985,20.633685],[-156.129898,20.627523],[-156.142665,20.623605],[-156.144588,20.624032],[-156.148085,20.629067],[-156.156772,20.629639],[-156.169732,20.627358],[-156.173393,20.6241],[-156.184556,20.629719],[-156.192938,20.631769],[-156.210258,20.628518],[-156.225338,20.62294],[-156.236145,20.61595],[-156.265921,20.601629],[-156.284391,20.596488],[-156.288037,20.59203],[-156.293454,20.588783],[-156.302692,20.586199],[-156.322944,20.588273],[-156.351716,20.58697],[-156.359634,20.581977],[-156.370725,20.57876],[-156.377633,20.578427],[-156.415313,20.586099],[-156.417523,20.589728],[-156.415746,20.594044],[-156.417799,20.598682],[-156.423141,20.602079],[-156.427708,20.598873],[-156.431872,20.598143],[-156.438385,20.601337],[-156.444242,20.607941],[-156.442884,20.613842],[-156.450651,20.642212],[-156.445894,20.64927],[-156.443673,20.656018],[-156.448656,20.704739],[-156.451038,20.725469],[-156.452895,20.731287],[-156.458438,20.736676],[-156.462242,20.753952],[-156.462058,20.772571],[-156.464043,20.781667],[-156.473562,20.790756],[-156.489496,20.798339],[-156.501688,20.799933],[-156.506026,20.799463],[-156.515994,20.794234],[-156.525215,20.780821],[-156.537752,20.778408],[-156.631794,20.82124],[-156.678634,20.870541],[-156.688969,20.888673],[-156.687804,20.89072],[-156.688132,20.906325],[-156.691334,20.91244],[-156.697418,20.916368],[-156.69989,20.920629],[-156.69411,20.952708],[-156.680905,20.980262],[-156.665514,21.007054],[-156.652419,21.008994],[-156.645966,21.014416],[-156.642592,21.019936],[-156.644167,21.022312],[-156.642809,21.027583],[-156.619581,21.027793],[-156.612012,21.02477]]],[[[-157.010001,20.929757],[-156.989813,20.932127],[-156.971604,20.926254],[-156.937529,20.925274],[-156.91845,20.922546],[-156.897169,20.915395],[-156.837047,20.863575],[-156.825237,20.850731],[-156.809576,20.826036],[-156.808469,20.820396],[-156.809463,20.809169],[-156.817427,20.794606],[-156.838321,20.764575],[-156.846413,20.760201],[-156.851481,20.760069],[-156.869753,20.754701],[-156.890295,20.744855],[-156.909081,20.739533],[-156.949009,20.738997],[-156.96789,20.73508],[-156.984747,20.756677],[-156.994001,20.786671],[-156.988933,20.815496],[-156.991834,20.826603],[-157.006243,20.849603],[-157.010911,20.854476],[-157.054552,20.877219],[-157.059663,20.884634],[-157.061128,20.890635],[-157.062511,20.904385],[-157.05913,20.913407],[-157.035789,20.927078],[-157.025626,20.929528],[-157.010001,20.929757]]],[[[-158.044485,21.306011],[-158.0883,21.2988],[-158.1033,21.2979],[-158.1127,21.3019],[-158.1211,21.3169],[-158.1225,21.3224],[-158.111949,21.326622],[-158.114196,21.331123],[-158.119427,21.334594],[-158.125459,21.330264],[-158.13324,21.359207],[-158.1403,21.3738],[-158.149719,21.385208],[-158.161743,21.396282],[-158.1792,21.4043],[-158.181274,21.409626],[-158.181,21.420868],[-158.182648,21.430073],[-158.192352,21.44804],[-158.205383,21.459793],[-158.219446,21.46978],[-158.233,21.4876],[-158.231171,21.523857],[-158.23175,21.533035],[-158.234314,21.540058],[-158.250671,21.557373],[-158.27951,21.575794],[-158.277679,21.578789],[-158.254425,21.582684],[-158.190704,21.585892],[-158.17,21.5823],[-158.12561,21.586739],[-158.10672,21.596577],[-158.106689,21.603024],[-158.1095,21.6057],[-158.108185,21.607487],[-158.079895,21.628101],[-158.0668,21.6437],[-158.066711,21.65234],[-158.0639,21.6584],[-158.0372,21.6843],[-158.018127,21.699955],[-157.9923,21.708],[-157.98703,21.712494],[-157.968628,21.712704],[-157.947174,21.689568],[-157.939,21.669],[-157.9301,21.6552],[-157.924591,21.651183],[-157.9228,21.6361],[-157.9238,21.6293],[-157.910797,21.611183],[-157.900574,21.605885],[-157.87735,21.575277],[-157.878601,21.560181],[-157.872528,21.557568],[-157.8669,21.5637],[-157.85614,21.560661],[-157.85257,21.557514],[-157.836945,21.529945],[-157.837372,21.512085],[-157.849579,21.509598],[-157.852625,21.499971],[-157.84549,21.466747],[-157.84099,21.459483],[-157.82489,21.455379],[-157.8163,21.4502],[-157.8139,21.4403],[-157.8059,21.4301],[-157.786513,21.415633],[-157.779846,21.417309],[-157.774455,21.421352],[-157.772209,21.431236],[-157.774905,21.453698],[-157.772209,21.457741],[-157.764572,21.461335],[-157.754239,21.461335],[-157.737617,21.459089],[-157.731777,21.455944],[-157.731328,21.444713],[-157.73582,21.438424],[-157.740762,21.424048],[-157.741211,21.414614],[-157.7386,21.4043],[-157.730191,21.401871],[-157.728221,21.402104],[-157.726421,21.402845],[-157.724324,21.403311],[-157.723794,21.40329],[-157.723286,21.403227],[-157.722735,21.403121],[-157.722544,21.403036],[-157.721845,21.401596],[-157.721083,21.399541],[-157.7189,21.3961],[-157.7089,21.3833],[-157.7087,21.3793],[-157.7126,21.3689],[-157.7106,21.3585],[-157.7088,21.3534],[-157.6971,21.3364],[-157.6938,21.3329],[-157.6619,21.3131],[-157.6518,21.3139],[-157.652629,21.308709],[-157.6537,21.302],[-157.6946,21.2739],[-157.6944,21.2665],[-157.7001,21.264],[-157.7097,21.2621],[-157.7139,21.2638],[-157.7142,21.2665],[-157.7114,21.272],[-157.7122,21.2814],[-157.7143,21.2845],[-157.7213,21.2869],[-157.7572,21.278],[-157.765,21.2789],[-157.7782,21.2735],[-157.7931,21.2604],[-157.8096,21.2577],[-157.8211,21.2606],[-157.8241,21.2646],[-157.8253,21.2714],[-157.8319,21.2795],[-157.8457,21.29],[-157.89,21.3065],[-157.894518,21.319632],[-157.898969,21.327391],[-157.90482,21.329172],[-157.918939,21.318615],[-157.917921,21.313781],[-157.913469,21.310983],[-157.910925,21.305768],[-157.952263,21.306531],[-157.950736,21.312509],[-157.951881,21.318742],[-157.967971,21.327986],[-157.973334,21.327426],[-157.989424,21.317984],[-158.0245,21.3093],[-158.044485,21.306011]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Hawaii\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"96","issue":"B6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chouet, B.","contributorId":68465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chouet","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":776774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shaw, H. R.","contributorId":23952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaw","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":776775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70164481,"text":"70164481 - 1990 - Predicting the vertical structure of tidal current and salinity in San Francisco Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-27T11:27:46","indexId":"70164481","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting the vertical structure of tidal current and salinity in San Francisco Bay, California","docAbstract":"

A two-dimensional laterally averaged numerical estuarine model is developed to study the vertical variations of tidal hydrodynamic properties in the central/north part of San Francisco Bay, California. Tidal stage data, current meter measurements, and conductivity, temperature, and depth profiling data in San Francisco Bay are used for comparison with model predictions. An extensive review of the literature is conducted to assess the success and failure of previous similar investigations and to establish a strategy for development of the present model. A σ plane transformation is used in the vertical dimension to alleviate problems associated with fixed grid model applications in the bay, where the tidal range can be as much as 20–25% of the total water depth. Model predictions of tidal stage and velocity compare favorably with the available field data, and prototype salinity stratification is qualitatively reproduced. Conclusions from this study as well as future model applications and research needs are discussed.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR026i005p01027","usgsCitation":"Ford, M., Wang, J., and Cheng, R.T., 1990, Predicting the vertical structure of tidal current and salinity in San Francisco Bay, California: Water Resources Research, v. 26, no. 5, p. 1027-1045, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR026i005p01027.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"1027","endPage":"1045","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":316648,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.618408203125,\n 37.396346133189255\n ],\n [\n -122.618408203125,\n 38.156156969924915\n ],\n [\n -121.651611328125,\n 38.156156969924915\n ],\n [\n -121.651611328125,\n 37.396346133189255\n ],\n [\n -122.618408203125,\n 37.396346133189255\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56b9ca89e4b08d617f63a858","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ford, Michael","contributorId":156347,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ford","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wang, Jia","contributorId":156348,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Jia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cheng, Ralph T.","contributorId":69134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cheng","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70207275,"text":"70207275 - 1990 - Geochemical Modeling of the Madison Aquifer in Parts of Montana, Wyoming, and South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-15T15:01:51","indexId":"70207275","displayToPublicDate":"1990-12-31T14:54:53","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3721,"text":"Water Resources Management","onlineIssn":"1573-1650","printIssn":"0920-4741","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical Modeling of the Madison Aquifer in Parts of Montana, Wyoming, and South Dakota","docAbstract":"

Stable isotope data for dissolved carbonate, sulfate, and sulfide are combined with water composition data to construct geochemical reaction models along eight flow paths in the Madison aquifer in parts of Wyoming, Montana, and South Dakota. The sulfur isotope data are treated as an isotope dilution problem, whereas the carbon isotope data are treated as Rayleigh distillations. All reaction models reproduce the observed chemical and carbon and sulfur isotopic composition of the final waters and are partially validated by predicting the observed carbon and sulfur isotopic compositions of dolomite and anhydrite from the Madison Limestone. The geochemical reaction models indicate that the dominant groundwater reaction in the Madison aquifer is dedolomitization (calcite precipitation and dolomite dissolution driven by anhydrite dissolution). Sulfate reduction, [Ca2+ + Mg2+]/Na+ cation exchange, and halite dissolution are locally important, particularly in central Montana. The groundwater system is treated as closed to CO2 gas from external sources such as the soil zone or cross‐formational leakage but open to CO2 from oxidation of organic matter coupled with sulfate reduction and other redox processes occurring within the aquifer. The computed mineral mass transfers and modeled sulfur isotopic composition of Madison anhydrites are mapped throughout the study area. Carbon 14 groundwater ages, adjusted for the modeled carbon mass transfer, range from modern to about 23,000 years B.P. and indicate flow velocities of 7–87 ft/yr (2.1–26.5 m/yr). Most horizontal hydraulic conductivities calculated from Darcy's Law using the average 14C flow velocities are within a factor of 5 of those based on digital simulation. The calculated mineral mass transfer and adjusted 14C groundwater ages permit determination of apparent rates of reaction in the aquifer. The apparent rate of organic matter oxidation is typically 0.12 μmol/L/yr. Sulfate and, to a lesser extent, ferric iron are the predominant electron acceptors. The (kinetic) biochemical fractionation of 34S between sulfate and hydrogen sulfide is approximately −44‰ at 25°C, with a temperature variation of −0.4‰ per °C. The rates of precipitation of calcite and dissolution of dolomite and anhydrite typically are 0.59, 0.24, and 0.95 μmol/L/yr, respectively. This paper is not subject to U.S. copyright. Published in 1990 by the American Geophysical Union.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR026i009p01981","issn":"00431397","usgsCitation":"Plummer, L., Busby, J., Lee, R.W., and Hanshaw, B., 1990, Geochemical Modeling of the Madison Aquifer in Parts of Montana, Wyoming, and South Dakota: Water Resources Management, v. 26, no. 9, p. 1981-2014, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR026i009p01981.","productDescription":"34 p. ","startPage":"1981","endPage":"2014","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":370281,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States ","state":"Montana, Wyoming, South Dakota ","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-111.048974,44.474072],[-111.122654,44.493659],[-111.131379,44.499925],[-111.143557,44.535732],[-111.175747,44.552219],[-111.182551,44.566874],[-111.189617,44.571062],[-111.225208,44.581006],[-111.23018,44.587025],[-111.231227,44.606915],[-111.224161,44.623402],[-111.25268,44.651092],[-111.262839,44.649658],[-111.276956,44.655626],[-111.26875,44.668279],[-111.29626,44.702271],[-111.323669,44.724474],[-111.341351,44.7293],[-111.348184,44.725459],[-111.355768,44.727602],[-111.37476,44.750295],[-111.385005,44.755128],[-111.393854,44.752549],[-111.397805,44.746738],[-111.394459,44.744578],[-111.398575,44.723343],[-111.414271,44.710741],[-111.424214,44.714024],[-111.429604,44.720149],[-111.438793,44.720546],[-111.489339,44.704946],[-111.484898,44.687578],[-111.468833,44.679335],[-111.473178,44.665479],[-111.50494,44.635746],[-111.525764,44.604883],[-111.519126,44.582916],[-111.492024,44.56081],[-111.469185,44.552044],[-111.467736,44.544521],[-111.471682,44.540824],[-111.500792,44.540062],[-111.546637,44.557099],[-111.562814,44.555209],[-111.585763,44.562843],[-111.614405,44.548991],[-111.681571,44.559864],[-111.704218,44.560205],[-111.715474,44.543543],[-111.746401,44.540766],[-111.761904,44.529841],[-111.821488,44.509286],[-111.842542,44.526069],[-111.849293,44.539837],[-111.870504,44.564033],[-111.887852,44.563413],[-111.903566,44.55723],[-111.947941,44.556776],[-111.951522,44.550062],[-111.980833,44.536682],[-111.995231,44.535444],[-112.032707,44.546642],[-112.036943,44.530323],[-112.069011,44.537104],[-112.093304,44.530002],[-112.096299,44.523212],[-112.106755,44.520829],[-112.125101,44.528527],[-112.129078,44.5363],[-112.136454,44.539911],[-112.164597,44.541666],[-112.183937,44.533067],[-112.221698,44.543519],[-112.229477,44.549494],[-112.226841,44.555239],[-112.230117,44.562759],[-112.242785,44.568091],[-112.286187,44.568472],[-112.312899,44.553536],[-112.315008,44.5419],[-112.319198,44.53911],[-112.348794,44.538691],[-112.35421,44.535638],[-112.358917,44.528847],[-112.358926,44.48628],[-112.368764,44.467153],[-112.387389,44.448058],[-112.435342,44.462216],[-112.473207,44.480027],[-112.50031,44.463051],[-112.511713,44.466445],[-112.518871,44.475784],[-112.541989,44.483971],[-112.584197,44.481368],[-112.601863,44.491015],[-112.660696,44.485756],[-112.71911,44.504344],[-112.749011,44.491233],[-112.781294,44.484888],[-112.797863,44.466112],[-112.828191,44.442472],[-112.836034,44.422653],[-112.812608,44.392275],[-112.81324,44.378103],[-112.844859,44.358221],[-112.855395,44.359975],[-112.881769,44.380315],[-112.886041,44.395874],[-112.915602,44.402699],[-112.951146,44.416699],[-113.003544,44.450814],[-113.020917,44.493827],[-113.019777,44.528505],[-113.04282,44.546757],[-113.042363,44.565237],[-113.061071,44.577329],[-113.083819,44.60222],[-113.07376,44.613928],[-113.053529,44.621187],[-113.049349,44.62938],[-113.051504,44.63695],[-113.065589,44.649371],[-113.068306,44.656374],[-113.06776,44.679474],[-113.081906,44.691392],[-113.098064,44.697477],[-113.102138,44.729027],[-113.134824,44.752763],[-113.137704,44.760109],[-113.131387,44.764738],[-113.131453,44.772837],[-113.158206,44.780847],[-113.163806,44.778921],[-113.179366,44.787142],[-113.19436,44.802151],[-113.209624,44.80907],[-113.238729,44.814144],[-113.247166,44.82295],[-113.341704,44.784853],[-113.354034,44.791745],[-113.354763,44.795468],[-113.346692,44.798898],[-113.356062,44.819798],[-113.377153,44.834858],[-113.422376,44.842595],[-113.455071,44.865424],[-113.474573,44.910846],[-113.491121,44.927548],[-113.498745,44.942314],[-113.494446,44.948597],[-113.467467,44.948061],[-113.448958,44.953544],[-113.443782,44.95989],[-113.446884,44.998545],[-113.437726,45.006967],[-113.449909,45.035167],[-113.45197,45.059247],[-113.460578,45.064879],[-113.47377,45.0617],[-113.485278,45.063519],[-113.520134,45.093033],[-113.506638,45.107288],[-113.513342,45.115225],[-113.554744,45.112901],[-113.57467,45.128411],[-113.594632,45.166034],[-113.589891,45.176986],[-113.599506,45.191114],[-113.636889,45.212983],[-113.657027,45.241436],[-113.684946,45.253706],[-113.692039,45.265191],[-113.689359,45.28355],[-113.738729,45.329741],[-113.7402,45.34559],[-113.733092,45.390173],[-113.765203,45.410601],[-113.768058,45.418147],[-113.764591,45.431403],[-113.78416,45.454946],[-113.759986,45.480735],[-113.766022,45.520621],[-113.796579,45.523462],[-113.809144,45.519908],[-113.834555,45.520729],[-113.819868,45.566326],[-113.803261,45.584193],[-113.806729,45.602146],[-113.823068,45.612486],[-113.861404,45.62366],[-113.886006,45.61702],[-113.904691,45.622007],[-113.900588,45.648259],[-113.919752,45.658536],[-113.93422,45.682232],[-113.986656,45.704564],[-114.019315,45.692937],[-114.02007,45.670332],[-114.014973,45.654008],[-114.018731,45.648616],[-114.033456,45.648629],[-114.067619,45.627706],[-114.08179,45.611329],[-114.0821,45.596958],[-114.086584,45.59118],[-114.122322,45.58426],[-114.131469,45.574444],[-114.129099,45.565491],[-114.135249,45.557465],[-114.180043,45.551432],[-114.192802,45.536596],[-114.203665,45.53557],[-114.227942,45.546423],[-114.248121,45.545877],[-114.251836,45.537812],[-114.247824,45.524283],[-114.261616,45.495816],[-114.270717,45.486116],[-114.333218,45.459316],[-114.345019,45.459916],[-114.360719,45.474116],[-114.36852,45.492716],[-114.388618,45.502903],[-114.415804,45.509753],[-114.438991,45.536076],[-114.456764,45.543983],[-114.460542,45.561283],[-114.473759,45.563278],[-114.498176,45.555473],[-114.526075,45.570771],[-114.549508,45.56059],[-114.559038,45.565706],[-114.558253,45.585104],[-114.538132,45.606834],[-114.544905,45.616673],[-114.553937,45.619299],[-114.563305,45.631612],[-114.563652,45.637412],[-114.53577,45.650613],[-114.522142,45.64934],[-114.507645,45.658949],[-114.499637,45.669035],[-114.495421,45.703321],[-114.504869,45.722176],[-114.535634,45.739095],[-114.566172,45.773864],[-114.555487,45.786249],[-114.544692,45.791447],[-114.512973,45.828825],[-114.517143,45.835993],[-114.509303,45.845531],[-114.498809,45.850676],[-114.470296,45.851343],[-114.44868,45.858891],[-114.409477,45.85164],[-114.388243,45.88234],[-114.387166,45.889164],[-114.395059,45.901458],[-114.404314,45.903497],[-114.413168,45.911479],[-114.431159,45.935737],[-114.404708,45.9559],[-114.403712,45.967049],[-114.411892,45.977883],[-114.425843,45.984984],[-114.470965,45.995742],[-114.47729,46.000802],[-114.473811,46.016614],[-114.480241,46.030325],[-114.490572,46.032427],[-114.493418,46.03717],[-114.492153,46.04729],[-114.468529,46.062484],[-114.461864,46.078571],[-114.460049,46.097104],[-114.474415,46.112515],[-114.488303,46.113106],[-114.5213,46.125287],[-114.527096,46.146218],[-114.514706,46.167726],[-114.489254,46.167684],[-114.478333,46.160876],[-114.445928,46.173933],[-114.443215,46.202943],[-114.449819,46.237119],[-114.468254,46.248796],[-114.470479,46.26732],[-114.465024,46.273127],[-114.453257,46.270939],[-114.441326,46.2738],[-114.425587,46.287899],[-114.433478,46.305502],[-114.413758,46.335945],[-114.410682,46.360673],[-114.422458,46.387097],[-114.408974,46.400438],[-114.384756,46.411784],[-114.376413,46.442983],[-114.383051,46.466402],[-114.394447,46.469549],[-114.400068,46.47718],[-114.403019,46.498675],[-114.395204,46.503148],[-114.375348,46.501855],[-114.35874,46.505306],[-114.351655,46.508119],[-114.342072,46.519679],[-114.348733,46.533792],[-114.339533,46.564039],[-114.33175,46.571914],[-114.334992,46.588154],[-114.322519,46.611066],[-114.320665,46.646963],[-114.332887,46.660756],[-114.360709,46.669059],[-114.394514,46.664846],[-114.410907,46.657466],[-114.424424,46.660648],[-114.453239,46.649266],[-114.45425,46.640974],[-114.466902,46.631695],[-114.547321,46.644485],[-114.593292,46.632848],[-114.615036,46.639733],[-114.616354,46.643646],[-114.611676,46.647704],[-114.614716,46.655256],[-114.635713,46.659375],[-114.642713,46.673145],[-114.641745,46.679286],[-114.623198,46.691511],[-114.620859,46.707415],[-114.649388,46.73289],[-114.696656,46.740572],[-114.713516,46.715138],[-114.740115,46.711771],[-114.751921,46.697207],[-114.76689,46.696901],[-114.788656,46.714033],[-114.779668,46.730411],[-114.76718,46.738828],[-114.765106,46.758153],[-114.79004,46.778729],[-114.829117,46.782503],[-114.835917,46.791111],[-114.856874,46.801633],[-114.864342,46.813858],[-114.888146,46.808573],[-114.897857,46.813184],[-114.904505,46.822851],[-114.920459,46.827697],[-114.927837,46.83599],[-114.92845,46.843242],[-114.92349,46.847594],[-114.928615,46.854815],[-114.947413,46.859324],[-114.943281,46.867971],[-114.931608,46.876799],[-114.936805,46.897378],[-114.927948,46.909948],[-114.929997,46.919625],[-114.960597,46.93001],[-114.986539,46.952099],[-115.001274,46.971901],[-115.028386,46.975659],[-115.031651,46.971548],[-115.047857,46.969533],[-115.066223,46.996375],[-115.071254,47.022083],[-115.087806,47.045519],[-115.107132,47.049041],[-115.120917,47.061237],[-115.136671,47.078276],[-115.140375,47.093013],[-115.170436,47.106265],[-115.189451,47.131032],[-115.200547,47.139154],[-115.223246,47.148974],[-115.243707,47.150347],[-115.255146,47.162876],[-115.255786,47.174725],[-115.261885,47.181742],[-115.286353,47.18327],[-115.300504,47.188139],[-115.29211,47.209861],[-115.294785,47.220914],[-115.317124,47.233305],[-115.324832,47.244841],[-115.326903,47.255912],[-115.339201,47.261623],[-115.3593,47.259461],[-115.371825,47.265213],[-115.410685,47.264228],[-115.428359,47.278722],[-115.457077,47.277794],[-115.470959,47.284873],[-115.487314,47.286518],[-115.51186,47.295219],[-115.526751,47.303219],[-115.531971,47.314121],[-115.548658,47.332213],[-115.551079,47.349856],[-115.570887,47.356375],[-115.578619,47.367007],[-115.617247,47.382521],[-115.639186,47.378605],[-115.657681,47.400651],[-115.69057,47.415059],[-115.718934,47.420967],[-115.728801,47.428925],[-115.731348,47.433381],[-115.728801,47.445159],[-115.718247,47.45316],[-115.663867,47.456936],[-115.654318,47.468077],[-115.653044,47.476035],[-115.686704,47.485596],[-115.694106,47.498634],[-115.708748,47.51264],[-115.71034,47.52951],[-115.747263,47.543197],[-115.746945,47.555293],[-115.734674,47.567401],[-115.721207,47.576323],[-115.706473,47.577299],[-115.689404,47.595402],[-115.694284,47.62346],[-115.708537,47.635356],[-115.72993,47.642442],[-115.73627,47.654762],[-115.726613,47.672093],[-115.72377,47.696671],[-115.752349,47.716743],[-115.776219,47.719818],[-115.783504,47.729305],[-115.780441,47.743447],[-115.797299,47.75752],[-115.824597,47.752154],[-115.831755,47.755785],[-115.837438,47.774846],[-115.847487,47.785227],[-115.848509,47.809331],[-115.845474,47.814967],[-115.852291,47.827991],[-115.870861,47.834939],[-115.881522,47.849672],[-115.900934,47.843064],[-115.906409,47.846261],[-115.939993,47.883153],[-115.959946,47.898142],[-115.969076,47.914256],[-115.982791,47.915994],[-115.993678,47.926183],[-115.998236,47.938779],[-116.030751,47.973349],[-116.03834,47.971318],[-116.048421,47.97682],[-116.049193,49.000912],[-111.500812,48.996963],[-109.454023,49.001132],[-104.048736,48.999877],[-104.048054,48.500025],[-104.041662,47.862282],[-104.045333,47.343452],[-104.045443,45.94531],[-100.430597,45.943638],[-98.414518,45.936504],[-96.56328,45.935238],[-96.566562,45.916931],[-96.56442,45.909415],[-96.574667,45.866816],[-96.574517,45.843098],[-96.583085,45.820024],[-96.596704,45.811801],[-96.612512,45.794442],[-96.627778,45.786239],[-96.641941,45.759871],[-96.662595,45.738682],[-96.745086,45.701576],[-96.760866,45.687518],[-96.835769,45.649648],[-96.844211,45.639583],[-96.857751,45.605962],[-96.76528,45.521414],[-96.745487,45.488712],[-96.732739,45.458737],[-96.692541,45.417338],[-96.680454,45.410499],[-96.617726,45.408092],[-96.562142,45.38609],[-96.521787,45.375645],[-96.489065,45.357071],[-96.453067,45.298115],[-96.453049,43.500415],[-96.598928,43.500457],[-96.599182,43.496011],[-96.586274,43.491099],[-96.580997,43.481384],[-96.586364,43.478251],[-96.587929,43.464878],[-96.600039,43.45708],[-96.60286,43.450907],[-96.594254,43.434153],[-96.570224,43.428601],[-96.573579,43.419228],[-96.537116,43.395063],[-96.525453,43.396317],[-96.521572,43.38564],[-96.522203,43.371947],[-96.527223,43.362257],[-96.52551,43.348335],[-96.534913,43.336473],[-96.525564,43.312467],[-96.530392,43.300034],[-96.553087,43.29286],[-96.580346,43.298204],[-96.577588,43.2788],[-96.586317,43.274319],[-96.58522,43.268878],[-96.553217,43.259141],[-96.552963,43.247281],[-96.571194,43.238961],[-96.568505,43.231554],[-96.56044,43.224219],[-96.535741,43.22764],[-96.520961,43.21824],[-96.496454,43.223652],[-96.476697,43.222014],[-96.470626,43.207225],[-96.473834,43.189804],[-96.465146,43.182971],[-96.466537,43.150281],[-96.459978,43.143516],[-96.450361,43.142237],[-96.436589,43.120842],[-96.439335,43.113916],[-96.462855,43.091419],[-96.454088,43.084197],[-96.46085,43.064033],[-96.476905,43.062383],[-96.488839,43.051475],[-96.508916,43.049985],[-96.518431,43.042068],[-96.509145,43.037297],[-96.511804,43.025799],[-96.499187,43.019213],[-96.49167,43.009707],[-96.496699,42.998807],[-96.509986,42.995126],[-96.512237,42.985937],[-96.520773,42.980385],[-96.515922,42.972886],[-96.506148,42.971348],[-96.500308,42.959391],[-96.509472,42.945151],[-96.519994,42.93976],[-96.516888,42.932512],[-96.523513,42.935784],[-96.541098,42.924496],[-96.536564,42.905656],[-96.542473,42.90504],[-96.526563,42.893755],[-96.52774,42.890588],[-96.540116,42.889678],[-96.537851,42.878475],[-96.549659,42.870281],[-96.550469,42.863742],[-96.546556,42.857273],[-96.54379,42.858254],[-96.544321,42.851282],[-96.553772,42.847501],[-96.551285,42.836606],[-96.558584,42.839487],[-96.565605,42.830434],[-96.571353,42.837155],[-96.579772,42.838093],[-96.58238,42.833657],[-96.577813,42.828719],[-96.584488,42.818979],[-96.594983,42.815844],[-96.595664,42.810426],[-96.592155,42.809924],[-96.595283,42.792982],[-96.603784,42.78372],[-96.61949,42.784034],[-96.633168,42.768325],[-96.628741,42.757532],[-96.621235,42.758084],[-96.619494,42.754792],[-96.630485,42.750378],[-96.639704,42.737071],[-96.631931,42.725086],[-96.626317,42.725951],[-96.624446,42.714294],[-96.630617,42.70588],[-96.612061,42.695688],[-96.59908,42.697296],[-96.596405,42.688514],[-96.575299,42.682665],[-96.574064,42.67801],[-96.578148,42.672765],[-96.572261,42.670776],[-96.568078,42.676241],[-96.556244,42.664396],[-96.559962,42.658543],[-96.543698,42.661377],[-96.537877,42.655431],[-96.538468,42.648092],[-96.516338,42.630435],[-96.518542,42.62035],[-96.530896,42.617129],[-96.529894,42.610432],[-96.517048,42.615343],[-96.509468,42.61273],[-96.501434,42.59061],[-96.494777,42.585741],[-96.49545,42.579474],[-96.485937,42.573524],[-96.497186,42.571464],[-96.498041,42.558153],[-96.476952,42.556079],[-96.479009,42.526395],[-96.49297,42.517282],[-96.490089,42.512441],[-96.477454,42.509589],[-96.473339,42.503537],[-96.476909,42.497795],[-96.474409,42.491895],[-96.443408,42.489495],[-96.478792,42.479635],[-96.501321,42.482749],[-96.515891,42.49427],[-96.528753,42.513273],[-96.548791,42.520547],[-96.567896,42.517877],[-96.591121,42.50541],[-96.611489,42.506088],[-96.628179,42.516963],[-96.63533,42.54764],[-96.643589,42.557604],[-96.681369,42.574486],[-96.7093,42.603753],[-96.711312,42.617375],[-96.689083,42.644081],[-96.686982,42.649783],[-96.691269,42.6562],[-96.728024,42.666882],[-96.76406,42.661985],[-96.793238,42.666024],[-96.802178,42.672237],[-96.800485,42.692466],[-96.806219,42.704149],[-96.843419,42.712024],[-96.860436,42.720797],[-96.886845,42.725222],[-96.906797,42.7338],[-96.948902,42.719465],[-96.961576,42.719841],[-96.965833,42.727096],[-96.960866,42.739089],[-96.96888,42.754278],[-96.97912,42.76009],[-97.02485,42.76243],[-97.065592,42.772189],[-97.096128,42.76934],[-97.131331,42.771929],[-97.150763,42.795566],[-97.166978,42.802087],[-97.210126,42.809296],[-97.21783,42.827766],[-97.218825,42.845848],[-97.237868,42.853139],[-97.289859,42.855499],[-97.306677,42.867604],[-97.336156,42.856802],[-97.359569,42.854816],[-97.376695,42.865195],[-97.393966,42.86425],[-97.408315,42.868334],[-97.417066,42.865918],[-97.442279,42.846224],[-97.49149,42.851625],[-97.504847,42.858477],[-97.531867,42.850105],[-97.561928,42.847552],[-97.611811,42.858367],[-97.657846,42.844626],[-97.686506,42.842435],[-97.774456,42.849774],[-97.817075,42.861781],[-97.828496,42.868797],[-97.84527,42.867734],[-97.875345,42.858724],[-97.875849,42.847725],[-97.888562,42.817251],[-97.908983,42.794909],[-97.936716,42.775754],[-97.950147,42.769619],[-97.977588,42.769923],[-98.000348,42.763256],[-98.035034,42.764205],[-98.059838,42.772772],[-98.067388,42.784759],[-98.127489,42.820127],[-98.146933,42.839823],[-98.167523,42.836925],[-98.189765,42.841628],[-98.219826,42.853157],[-98.24982,42.871843],[-98.280007,42.874996],[-98.325864,42.8865],[-98.34623,42.902747],[-98.42074,42.931924],[-98.444145,42.929242],[-98.447047,42.935117],[-98.467356,42.947556],[-98.490483,42.977948],[-98.49855,42.99856],[-101.625424,42.996238],[-101.849982,42.999329],[-104.053127,43.000585],[-104.053249,41.001406],[-105.730421,40.996886],[-107.000606,41.003444],[-108.526667,40.999608],[-109.231985,41.002059],[-110.500718,40.994746],[-111.046723,40.997959],[-111.046801,42.504946],[-111.043564,42.722624],[-111.048974,44.474072]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Montana\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"26","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plummer, L.N.","contributorId":206803,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Plummer","given":"L.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Busby, J.F.","contributorId":105300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busby","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, R. W.","contributorId":86757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hanshaw, B.B.","contributorId":25928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanshaw","given":"B.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70189557,"text":"70189557 - 1990 - Effectiveness of the addition of alkaline materials at surface coal mines in preventing or abating acid mine drainage--Part 2. Mine site case studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-17T11:06:33","indexId":"70189557","displayToPublicDate":"1990-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Effectiveness of the addition of alkaline materials at surface coal mines in preventing or abating acid mine drainage--Part 2. Mine site case studies","docAbstract":"

The effectiveness of preventing or ameliorating acid mine drainage (AMD) through the application of alkaline additives is evaluated for eight surface coal mines in Pennsylvania. Many of the mine sites had overburden characteristics that made prediction of post‐mining water quality uncertain. Alkaline materials were applied at rates ranging from 42 to greater than 1,000 tons as calcium carbonate per acre. In addition, two sites that were mined and reclaimed without alkaline additives are included for comparative purposes.

Overburden sulfur concentration and \"neutralization potential\" (NP) data for multiple strata at each mine site were used to compute the cumulative, mass‐weighted \"maximum potential acidity\" (MPA) and \"net neutralization potential\" (NNP = NP ‐ MPA) by using three different calculation methods. Post‐reclamation water‐quality data were used to compute the net alkalinity (= alkalinity ‐ acidity). The most conservative determination of NNP, whereby MPA is calculated by multiplying the total sulfur concentration, in weight percent, by 62.5 instead of 31.25, yielded the best agreement with net alkalinity (patching signs on NNP and net alkalinity). The error in prediction using each method was that the reclaimed overburden was computed to be alkaline overall (NNP > 0), but the post‐reclamation water was acid (net alkalinity < 0).

In general, alkaline addition rates were probably insufficient to neutralize, or too late to prevent, acid production in the mine spoil. At six of the seven mine sites that had overburden with insufficient NP relative to MPA (NNP < 0), the addition of alkaline materials failed to create alkaline mine drainage; AMD was formed or persisted. A control site which also had insufficient alkaline material, but did not incorporate alkaline additives, generated severe AMD. Two sites that had substantial, natural alkaline overburden produced alkaline drainage. Although the addition rates appear to be inadequate, other factors, such as unequal distribution and exposure of the acid‐forming or neutralizing materials and hydrogeological variability, complicate the evaluation of relative effectiveness of using different alkaline materials and placement of the acid‐ or alkaline‐producing materials.

","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 1990 Mining and Reclamation Conference and Exhibition","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"1990 Mining and Reclamation Conference and Exhibition","conferenceDate":"April 23-26, 1990","conferenceLocation":"Charleston, WV","language":"English","publisher":"West Virginia University Publication Services","publisherLocation":"Morgantown, WV","usgsCitation":"Brady, K., Smith, M.W., Beam, R.L., and Cravotta, C.A., 1990, Effectiveness of the addition of alkaline materials at surface coal mines in preventing or abating acid mine drainage--Part 2. Mine site case studies, in Proceedings of the 1990 Mining and Reclamation Conference and Exhibition, Charleston, WV, April 23-26, 1990, 27 p.","productDescription":"27 p.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343934,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":343933,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://wvmdtaskforce.com/past-symposium-papers/1990-symposium-papers/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.52978515625,\n 41.9921602333763\n ],\n [\n -80.518798828125,\n 39.715638134796336\n ],\n [\n -77.926025390625,\n 39.715638134796336\n ],\n [\n -76.904296875,\n 42.01665183556825\n ],\n [\n -79.771728515625,\n 41.9921602333763\n ],\n [\n -79.771728515625,\n 42.309815415686664\n ],\n [\n -80.52978515625,\n 41.9921602333763\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"596dcca9e4b0d1f9f06275b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brady, Keith","contributorId":92764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brady","given":"Keith","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Michael W.","contributorId":194713,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beam, Richard L.","contributorId":194714,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beam","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cravotta, Charles A. III, 0000-0003-3116-4684 cravotta@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3116-4684","contributorId":2193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cravotta","given":"Charles","suffix":"III,","email":"cravotta@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":705170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70124310,"text":"70124310 - 1990 - Reference manual for generation and analysis of Habitat Time Series: version II","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-11T11:57:50","indexId":"70124310","displayToPublicDate":"1990-12-01T11:44:33","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesNumber":"Biological Report 90(16)","title":"Reference manual for generation and analysis of Habitat Time Series: version II","docAbstract":"

The selection of an instream flow requirement for water resource management often requires the review of how the physical habitat changes through time. This review is referred to as 'Time Series Analysis.\"

\n
\n

The Tune Series Library (fSLIB) is a group of programs to enter, transform, analyze, and display time series data for use in stream habitat assessment. A time series may be defined as a sequence of data recorded or calculated over time. Examples might be historical monthly flow, predicted monthly weighted usable area, daily electrical power generation, annual irrigation diversion, and so forth. The time series can be analyzed, both descriptively and analytically, to understand the importance of the variation in the events over time. This is especially useful in the development of instream flow needs based on habitat availability.

\n
\n

The TSLIB group of programs assumes that you have an adequate study plan to guide you in your analysis. You need to already have knowledge about such things as time period and time step, species and life stages to consider, and appropriate comparisons or statistics to be produced and displayed or tabulated. Knowing your destination, you must first evaluate whether TSLIB can get you there. Remember, data are not answers.

\n
\n

This publication is a reference manual to TSLIB and is intended to be a guide to the process of using the various programs in TSLIB. This manual is essentially limited to the hands-on use of the various programs.

\n
\n

a TSLIB use interface program (called RTSM) has been developed to provide an integrated working environment where the use has a brief on-line description of each TSLIB program with the capability to run the TSLIB program while in the user interface. For information on the RTSM program, refer to Appendix F.

\n
\n

Before applying the computer models described herein, it is recommended that the user enroll in the short course \"Problem Solving with the Instream Flow Incremental Methodology (IFIM).\" This course is offered by the Aquatic Systems Branch of the National Ecology Research Center. For more information about the TSLIB software, refer to the Memorandum of Understanding.

\n
\n

Chapter 1 provides a brief introduction to the Instream Flow Incremental Methodology and TSLIB. Other chapters in this manual provide information on the different aspects of using the models. The information contained in the other chapters includes (2) acquisition, entry, manipulation, and listing of streamflow data; (3) entry, manipulation, and listing of the habitat-versus-streamflow function; (4) transferring streamflow data; (5) water resources systems analysis; (6) generation and analysis of daily streamflow and habitat values; (7) generation of the time series of monthly habitats; (8) manipulation, analysis, and display of month time series data; and (9) generation, analysis, and display of annual time series data.

\n
\n

Each section includes documentation for the programs therein with at least one page of information for each program, including a program description, instructions for running the program, and sample output.

\n
\n

The Appendixes contain the following: (A) sample file formats; (B) descriptions of default filenames; (C) alphabetical summary of batch-procedure files; (D) installing and running TSLIB on a microcomputer; (E) running TSLIB on a CDC Cyber computer; (F) using the TSLIB user interface program (RTSM); and (G) running WATSTORE on the USGS Amdahl mainframe computer.

\n
\n

The number for this version of TSLIB--Version II-- is somewhat arbitrary, as the TSLIB programs were collected into a library some time ago; but operators tended to use and manage them as individual programs. Therefore, we will consider the group of programs from the past that were only on the CDC Cyber computer as Version 0; the programs from the past that were on both the Cyber and the IBM-compatible microcomputer as Version I; and the programs contained in this reference manual as Version II.

","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Instream Flow Information Paper 27","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","usgsCitation":"Milhous, R.T., Bartholow, J.M., Updike, M.A., and Moos, A.R., 1990, Reference manual for generation and analysis of Habitat Time Series: version II, 249 p.","productDescription":"249 p.","numberOfPages":"249","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":293706,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5412b9b8e4b0239f1986bae2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milhous, Robert T.","contributorId":28646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milhous","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bartholow, John M.","contributorId":77598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartholow","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Updike, Marlys A.","contributorId":32834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Updike","given":"Marlys","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moos, Alan R.","contributorId":10350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moos","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70124296,"text":"70124296 - 1990 - Chemical weathering in the Loch Vale Watershed, Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-27T11:35:40","indexId":"70124296","displayToPublicDate":"1990-12-01T11:05:37","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemical weathering in the Loch Vale Watershed, Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado","docAbstract":"

Mineralogic, hydrologic, and geochemical data were used to determine the source of solutes to surface waters draining the Loch Vale Watershed (LVWS), an alpine-subalpine drainage located in the Front Range of Colorado. The flux of dissolved solids from LVWS is primarily controlled by interactions between snowmelt and materials derived from the local bedrock; the biomass has only a minor effect on solute budgets except for ammonium. LVWS is underlain by Precambrian granite and gneiss, the major minerals include quartz, microcline, plagioclase, biotite, and sillimanite. Small amounts of calcite were found along hydrothermally altered zones in the bedrock. Mass balance calculations indicate that the weathering of calcite contributes nearly 40% of the cations derived within the basin. The importance of calcite weathering in LVWS is a result of its chemical reactivity and the high rate of physical erosion in this alpine environment. The average cationic denudation rate in the drainage (390 eq/ha/yr) is similar to long-term rates in forested Adirondack watersheds (500–600 eq/ha/yr), but much lower than the average for the North American Continent (3800 eq/ha/yr). Surface waters in LVWS are susceptible to acidification should acid deposition from the atmosphere increase.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR026i012p02971","usgsCitation":"Mast, M.A., Drever, J.I., and Baron, J., 1990, Chemical weathering in the Loch Vale Watershed, Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado: Water Resources Research, v. 26, no. 12, p. 2971-2978, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR026i012p02971.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"2971","endPage":"2978","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":293678,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Rocky Mountain National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -105.913714,40.158067 ], [ -105.913714,40.553787 ], [ -105.493583,40.553787 ], [ -105.493583,40.158067 ], [ -105.913714,40.158067 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"26","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5412b99ee4b0239f1986ba15","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mast, M. Alisa 0000-0001-6253-8162 mamast@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6253-8162","contributorId":827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mast","given":"M.","email":"mamast@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Alisa","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drever, James I.","contributorId":68661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drever","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baron, Jill 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":194124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70185519,"text":"70185519 - 1990 - The chemistry of iron, aluminum, and dissolved organic material in three acidic, metal-enriched, mountain streams, as controlled by watershed and in-stream processes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-27T11:28:32","indexId":"70185519","displayToPublicDate":"1990-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The chemistry of iron, aluminum, and dissolved organic material in three acidic, metal-enriched, mountain streams, as controlled by watershed and in-stream processes","docAbstract":"

Several studies were conducted in three acidic, metal-enriched, mountain streams, and the results are discussed together in this paper to provide a synthesis of watershed and in-stream processes controlling Fe, Al, and DOC (dissolved organic carbon) concentrations. One of the streams, the Snake River, is naturally acidic; the other two, Peru Creek and St. Kevin Gulch, receive acid mine drainage. Analysis of stream water chemistry data for the acidic headwaters of the Snake River shows that some trace metal solutes (Al, Mn, Zn) are correlated with major ions, indicating that watershed processes control their concentrations. Once in the stream, biogeochemical processes can control transport if they occur over time scales comparable to those for hydrologic transport. Examples of the following in-stream reactions are presented: (1) photoreduction and dissolution of hydrous iron oxides in response to an experimental decrease in stream pH, (2) precipitation of Al at three stream confluences, and (3) sorption of dissolved organic material by hydrous iron and aluminum oxides in a stream confluence. The extent of these reactions is evaluated using conservative tracers and a transport model that includes storage in the substream zone.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR026i012p03087","usgsCitation":"McKnight, D.M., and Bencala, K.E., 1990, The chemistry of iron, aluminum, and dissolved organic material in three acidic, metal-enriched, mountain streams, as controlled by watershed and in-stream processes: Water Resources Research, v. 26, no. 12, p. 3087-3100, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR026i012p03087.","productDescription":"14 p. ","startPage":"3087","endPage":"3100","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338156,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d4df07e4b05ec79911d1b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKnight, Diane M.","contributorId":59773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKnight","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16833,"text":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":685856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bencala, Kenneth E. kbencala@usgs.gov","contributorId":1541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bencala","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbencala@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":685857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70048800,"text":"70048800 - 1990 - Historical Landsat data comparisons: illustrations of land surface change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-22T10:07:12","indexId":"70048800","displayToPublicDate":"1990-11-05T15:57:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Historical Landsat data comparisons: illustrations of land surface change","docAbstract":"

The U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) EROS Data Center (EDC) has archived two decades of Landsat data, providing a rich collection of information about the dynamics of the Earth's land surface. Major changes to the surface features of the planet can be detected, measured, and studied using Landsat data. The effects of desertification, deforestation, pollution, cataclysmic volcanic activity, and other natural and anthropogenic events can be examined by resource scientists using data acquired from the Landsat series of Earth-observing satellites. The availability of a nearly uninterrupted flow of information from the Landsats, in a consistent data format, gives researchers an important tool for studying surface changes over time.

\n

This booklet provides an overview of the Landsat program and shows the application of the data to monitor changes occurring on the surface of the Earth. To show changes that have taken place within the last 20 years or less, image pairs were constructed from the Landsat multispectral scanner (MSS) and thematic mapper (TM) sensors. Landsat MSS data provide a historical global record of the land surface from the early 1970's to present. Landsat TM data provide land surface information from the early 1980's to present.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70048800","usgsCitation":"Cross, M.D., 1990, Historical Landsat data comparisons: illustrations of land surface change, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70048800.","productDescription":"37 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":278865,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70048800.jpg"},{"id":310360,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70048800/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -180.0,-90.0 ], [ -180.0,90.0 ], [ 180.0,90.0 ], [ 180.0,-90.0 ], [ -180.0,-90.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"527a2186e4b051792d019540","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cross, Matthew D.","contributorId":95378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cross","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70016605,"text":"70016605 - 1990 - Water movement through an experimental soil liner","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-16T15:27:15.227661","indexId":"70016605","displayToPublicDate":"1990-10-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3708,"text":"Waste Management and Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water movement through an experimental soil liner","docAbstract":"

A field-scale soil liner was constructed to test whether compacted soil barriers in cover and liner systems could be built to meet the U.S. EPA saturated hydraulic conductivity requirement (⩽ 1 × 10−7 cm s−1). The 8 × 15 × 0.9 m liner was constructed in 15 cm compacted lifts using a 20,037 kg pad-foot compactor and standard engineering practices. Water infiltration into the liner has been monitored for one year. Monitoring will continue until water break through at the base of the liner occurs. Estimated saturated hydraulic conductivities were 2.5 × 10−9, 4.0 × 10−8, and 5.0 × 10−8 cm s−1 based on measurements of water infiltration into the liner by large- and small-ring infiltrometers and a water balance analysis, respectively.

Also investigated in this research was the variability of the liner's hydraulic properties and estimates of the transit times for water and tracers. Small variances exhibited by small-ring flux data suggested that the liner was homogeneous with respect to infiltration fluxes. The predictions of water and tracer breakthrough at the base of the liner ranged from 2.4–12.6 y, depending on the method of calculation and assumptions made. The liner appeared to be saturated to a depth between 18 and 33 cm at the end of the first year of monitoring. Transit time calculations cannot be verified yet, since breakthrough has not occurred. The work conducted so far indicates that compacted soil barriers can be constructed to meet the saturated hydraulic conductivity requirement established by the U.S. EPA.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0734-242X(91)90005-R","issn":"0734242X","usgsCitation":"Krapac, I., Cartwright, K., Panno, S., Hensel, B., Rehfeldt, K., and Herzog, B., 1990, Water movement through an experimental soil liner: Waste Management and Research, v. 9, no. 3, p. 195-204, https://doi.org/10.1016/0734-242X(91)90005-R.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"195","endPage":"204","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224791,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc85ae4b08c986b32c8cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krapac, I.G.","contributorId":33850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krapac","given":"I.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cartwright, K.","contributorId":50292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cartwright","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Panno, S.V.","contributorId":102990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Panno","given":"S.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hensel, B.R.","contributorId":83669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hensel","given":"B.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rehfeldt, K.R.","contributorId":37079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rehfeldt","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Herzog, B.L.","contributorId":107030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herzog","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70124930,"text":"70124930 - 1990 - Tests of a habitat suitability model for black-capped chickadees","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-12T10:55:42","indexId":"70124930","displayToPublicDate":"1990-10-01T10:46:50","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesNumber":"Biological Report 90(10)","title":"Tests of a habitat suitability model for black-capped chickadees","docAbstract":"The black-capped chickadee (Parus atricapillus) Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) model provides a quantitative rating of the capability of a habitat to support breeding, based on measures related to food and nest site availability. The model assumption that tree canopy volume can be predicted from measures of tree height and canopy closure was tested using data from foliage volume studies conducted in the riparian cottonwood habitat along the South Platte River in Colorado. Least absolute deviations (LAD) regression showed that canopy cover and over story tree height yielded volume predictions significantly lower than volume estimated by more direct methods. Revisions to these model relations resulted in improved predictions of foliage volume. The relation between the HSI and estimates of black-capped chickadee population densities was examined using LAD regression for both the original model and the model with the foliage volume revisions. Residuals from these models were compared to residuals from both a zero slope model and an ideal model. The fit model for the original HSI differed significantly from the ideal model, whereas the fit model for the original HSI did not differ significantly from the ideal model. However, both the fit model for the original HSI and the fit model for the revised HSI did not differ significantly from a model with a zero slope. Although further testing of the revised model is needed, its use is recommended for more realistic estimates of tree canopy volume and habitat suitability.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Schroeder, R.L., 1990, Tests of a habitat suitability model for black-capped chickadees, ii, 8 p.","productDescription":"ii, 8 p.","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":293812,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54140b29e4b082fed288b982","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schroeder, Richard L.","contributorId":10368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroeder","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70242137,"text":"70242137 - 1990 - Coda duration magnitudes in central California: An empirical approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-07T15:23:45.078826","indexId":"70242137","displayToPublicDate":"1990-10-01T10:02:05","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coda duration magnitudes in central California: An empirical approach","docAbstract":"

A new empirical coda magnitude MD is presented for the central California seismic network (CALNET), in which station corrections are introduced to reduce the influence of hypocenter and station distributions. The new magnitude scale is obtained by relating the lapse-time τ^ to local magnitudes ML using data from 55 earthquakes with 1.1 ≦ ML ≤ 5.6 from June 1977 through 1981. Magnitude estimates are significantly improved by introducing corrections for the seismograph instrument attenuation setting αij and a site correction δj. The magnitude of the ith event 〈MD〉, is the median value of individual

MDij = -1.03 + 2.10log10τˆij + 0.00268τˆij + αij + δj,

where τ^ij is the lapse-time measured at the jth station. Local site effects influence the duration of the coda and cause stations to either overestimate or underestimate 〈MD〉, typically up to 0.5 magnitude units. The distribution of the site corrections is spatially correlated, changing coherently across major tectonic and geologic features such as the San Andreas fault. It appears that the site corrections are influenced by the physical attenuation properties near the station, seemingly contradicting the concept that the coda is related to back-scattering and attenuation in a volume with dimensions on the order of the hypocenter to receiver distance.

","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0800051190","usgsCitation":"Michaelson, C.A., 1990, Coda duration magnitudes in central California: An empirical approach: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 80, no. 5, p. 1190-1204, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0800051190.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1190","endPage":"1204","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415420,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.73945768323705,\n 41.24393487657437\n ],\n [\n -124.73945768323705,\n 34.729998851631876\n ],\n [\n -118.93714141595589,\n 34.729998851631876\n ],\n [\n -118.93714141595589,\n 41.24393487657437\n ],\n [\n -124.73945768323705,\n 41.24393487657437\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"80","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1990-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Michaelson, Caryl A.","contributorId":67658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michaelson","given":"Caryl","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1003868,"text":"1003868 - 1990 - Neck-band retention for Canada geese in the Mississippi flyway","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-27T16:06:11.721419","indexId":"1003868","displayToPublicDate":"1990-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Neck-band retention for Canada geese in the Mississippi flyway","docAbstract":"

We used capture, harvest, and observation histories of Canada geese (Branta canadensis) banded in the Mississippi flyway, 1974-88, to examine the problem of neck-band retention. Methods for the analysis of survival data were used to estimate rates of neck-band retention and to evaluate factors associated with neck-band loss. Sex, age of bird at banding, rivet use, and neck-band type significantly influenced neck-band retention. For most of the resulting cohorts (e.g., sex, age, rivet, and neck-band type categories), neck-band retention rates decreased through time. We caution against using small samples or data collected during short-term studies to determine retention rates. We suggest that observation data be used in neck-band retention studies to increase the efficiency of estimating retention time.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3809358","usgsCitation":"Samuel, M.D., Weiss, N.T., Rusch, D.H., Craven, S., Trost, R.E., and Caswell, F.D., 1990, Neck-band retention for Canada geese in the Mississippi flyway: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 54, no. 4, p. 612-621, https://doi.org/10.2307/3809358.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"612","endPage":"621","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489872,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3809358","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":129553,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -99.31640625,\n 28.92163128242129\n ],\n [\n -85.4296875,\n 28.92163128242129\n ],\n [\n -85.4296875,\n 51.069016659603896\n ],\n [\n -99.31640625,\n 51.069016659603896\n ],\n [\n -99.31640625,\n 28.92163128242129\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"54","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697e36","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Samuel, Michael D. msamuel@usgs.gov","contributorId":1419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samuel","given":"Michael","email":"msamuel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":314512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weiss, Nondor T.","contributorId":76265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weiss","given":"Nondor","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rusch, Donald H.","contributorId":111715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rusch","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Craven, Scott R.","contributorId":69094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Craven","given":"Scott R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Trost, Robert E.","contributorId":114181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trost","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Caswell, F. Dale","contributorId":57403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caswell","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"Dale","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":5222237,"text":"5222237 - 1990 - Effects of winter undernutrition on body composition and physiological profiles of white-tailed deer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-27T16:50:37.216676","indexId":"5222237","displayToPublicDate":"1990-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of winter undernutrition on body composition and physiological profiles of white-tailed deer","docAbstract":"

We examined the effects of undernutrition and recovery on body composition and blood and urinary profiles of 6 captive white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) between 18 December 1984 and 3 May 1985. Deer were weighed, and blood and urine were collected every 2 weeks from 10 January to 3 May. At Weeks 2, 8, and 14, body composition was estimated by the dilution of tritiated water technique and standard predictive equations. Feed intake decreased and cumulative mass loss increased during nutritional restriction. Baseline body composition included 62.1± 0.9 (SE)% water, 11.9 ± 1.0% fat, 20.5 ± 0.7% protein, and 4.5 ± 0.0% ash. Percent protein loss was linearly related (r2 = 0.91, P < 0.001) to percent mass loss. Peak mass loss from the beginning of the study (12.8 ± 2.0%) occurred at Week 12; estimated protein loss was 12.5%. Fat reserves were 85% depleted from Week 2 to Week 14. Elevated packed cell volume (PCV), serum calcium (Ca), cholesterol, triglycerides, and cortisol; and diminished serum urea nitrogen, thyroxine (T4), urinary urea nitrogen: creatinine and potassium: creatinine were associated with reduced food intake, mass loss, and decreases in body water, fat, and protein. Altered values of most of these blood and urinary characteristics reflected initiation of nutritional recovery after nutrition improved. Sequential data collection and the use of a combination of indices in blood or urine will yield the most useful assessments of animal nutrition and condition.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3809347","usgsCitation":"DelGiudice, G.D., Mech, L., and Seal, U.S., 1990, Effects of winter undernutrition on body composition and physiological profiles of white-tailed deer: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 54, no. 4, p. 539-550, https://doi.org/10.2307/3809347.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"539","endPage":"550","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196384,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","city":"Grand Rapids","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.6906080210518,\n 47.319963672358455\n ],\n [\n -93.6906080210518,\n 47.17455629377798\n ],\n [\n -93.36103019734246,\n 47.17455629377798\n ],\n [\n -93.36103019734246,\n 47.319963672358455\n ],\n [\n -93.6906080210518,\n 47.319963672358455\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"54","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60fafe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DelGiudice, Glenn D.","contributorId":32849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DelGiudice","given":"Glenn","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mech, L. David","contributorId":66609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mech","given":"L. David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Seal, Ulysses S.","contributorId":25494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal","given":"Ulysses","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70015943,"text":"70015943 - 1990 - Variations in suspended sediment and associated trace element concentrations in selected riverine cross sections","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-27T11:00:07.093009","indexId":"70015943","displayToPublicDate":"1990-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5925,"text":"Environmental Science and Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variations in suspended sediment and associated trace element concentrations in selected riverine cross sections","docAbstract":"Detailed sampling and subsequent analyses of riverine suspended sediment obtained from six rivers in the United States indicate substantial differences in suspended sediment concentrations and possibly in some associated trace elements, depending on whether depth- and width-integrated, point, or pumping samples are used. In addition, the data from time-series, depth-integrated sampling indicate that there can be substantial short-term (on the order of 20-30 min) spatial and/or temporal variations in suspended-sediment concentrations. Despite this, major element concentrations are remarkably stable both spatially and temporally. Trace element concentrations are generally stable; however, some spatial and temporal variations may occur.","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es00079a003","usgsCitation":"Horowitz, A.J., Rinella, F., Lamothe, P.J., Miller, T.L., Edwards, T.K., Roche, R.L., and Rickert, D.A., 1990, Variations in suspended sediment and associated trace element concentrations in selected riverine cross sections: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 24, no. 9, p. 1313-1320, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00079a003.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1313","endPage":"1320","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":222824,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc18be4b08c986b32a62d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horowitz, Arthur J. 0000-0002-3296-730X horowitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3296-730X","contributorId":1400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horowitz","given":"Arthur","email":"horowitz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":372145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rinella, Frank A.","contributorId":89515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rinella","given":"Frank A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":886960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lamothe, Paul J. plamothe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamothe","given":"Paul","email":"plamothe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":886961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, Timothy L.","contributorId":9263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":886962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Edwards, Thomas K. 0000-0002-0773-0909 tce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0773-0909","contributorId":104477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Thomas","email":"tce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":886963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Roche, Richard L.","contributorId":331214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roche","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":886964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rickert, David A.","contributorId":80247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rickert","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":886965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70227577,"text":"70227577 - 1990 - On the nature and rate of resurfacing of Venus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-20T16:19:43.821406","indexId":"70227577","displayToPublicDate":"1990-08-01T10:13:38","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On the nature and rate of resurfacing of Venus","docAbstract":"

Crater production and obliteration are modeled for the plains of Venus, using: (1 ) the observed distribution of Venus-crossing asteroids and comets, (2) viscous relaxation of crater topography, and (3) erosion and burial by atmospheric, volcanic, and tectonic processes. Crater lifetimes are assumed to be proportional to crater depths for both classes of obliterative processes although the individual criteria vary. An average crater retention age between 0.4 to 2.0 Ga is estimated for plains under the assumption that craters are produced and not removed. The range is driven by uncertainty in identifying degraded impact as opposed to volcanic craters. On the other hand, crater retention ages greater than about 1.6 Ga are unlikely if viscous relaxation operates without loading of crater floors by burial. Our preferred model has plains subject to crater production and obliteration processes that vary over both space and time. In some areas, radar-bright crater ejecta haloes are preserved for long periods of time because volcanism, tectonism, and weathering occurs at rates « 1 km/Ga. Viscous relaxation has probably generated numerous shallow craters in these relatively quiescent regions. In other areas, volcanism and tectonism have resurfaced the terrain at rates greater than several km/Ga. The global coverage and high resolution SAR and altimetry data expected from Magellan will allow testing of this model, based on detailed crater observations (diameter, depth distributions; morphologic criteria; surface scattering properties) and their association with volcanic and tectonic features.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","doi":"10.1029/GL017i009p01385","usgsCitation":"Arvidson, R.E., Grimm, R.E., Phillips, R.J., Schaber, G.G., and Shoemaker, E.M., 1990, On the nature and rate of resurfacing of Venus: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 17, no. 9, p. 1385-1388, https://doi.org/10.1029/GL017i009p01385.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1385","endPage":"1388","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394586,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Venus","volume":"17","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arvidson, Raymond E.","contributorId":106626,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arvidson","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":831288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grimm, Robert E.","contributorId":141054,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grimm","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":13664,"text":"Southwest Research Institute, Boulder CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":831289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Phillips, Roger J.","contributorId":74495,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Phillips","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":24730,"text":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":831290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schaber, Gerald G.","contributorId":12511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaber","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":831291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shoemaker, Eugene Merle","contributorId":20342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shoemaker","given":"Eugene","email":"","middleInitial":"Merle","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":831292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70242603,"text":"70242603 - 1990 - Using 222Rn to examine groundwater/surface discharge interaction in the Rio Grande de Manati, Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-10T21:05:40.291825","indexId":"70242603","displayToPublicDate":"1990-07-01T15:46:27","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Using 222Rn to examine groundwater/surface discharge interaction in the Rio Grande de Manati, Puerto Rico","title":"Using 222Rn to examine groundwater/surface discharge interaction in the Rio Grande de Manati, Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"

222Rn was used in the karst drainage basin of the Rio Grande de Manati in Puerto Rico to study groundwater/surface flow relationships. Locations of groundwater influx along two sections of the Rio Grande de Manati were identified. The 222Rn measurements were used together with stream discharge data in a mass balance equation to quantify the groundwater inputs. The investigation established that both of the sections of the Rio Manati surveyed not only gained groundwater, but lost surface flow. It was calculated that the river gained about 1.2m3s−1 and lost 0.5m3s−1 to the aquifer between Ciales and United States Geological Survey gauging station 5. Between United States Geological Survey gauging stations 6 and 7, groundwater influx and stream flow loss occurred simultaneously with groundwater inputs equalling surface discharge losses of 4m3s−1. The study successfully demonstrated the innovative application of 222Rn as a geochemical tracer in examining groundwater/surface flow relationships in a karst system.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(90)90212-G","usgsCitation":"Ellins, K.K., Roman-Mas, A., and Lee, A., 1990, Using 222Rn to examine groundwater/surface discharge interaction in the Rio Grande de Manati, Puerto Rico: Journal of Hydrology, v. 115, no. 1-4, p. 319-341, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(90)90212-G.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"319","endPage":"341","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415544,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Puerto Rico, United States","otherGeospatial":"Rio Grande de Manati","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -66.58238374630281,\n 18.49085182548353\n ],\n [\n -66.58238374630281,\n 18.336926294425155\n ],\n [\n -66.45315600401067,\n 18.336926294425155\n ],\n [\n -66.45315600401067,\n 18.49085182548353\n ],\n [\n -66.58238374630281,\n 18.49085182548353\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"115","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellins, K. Kelly","contributorId":32681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellins","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"Kelly","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":869083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roman-Mas, A.","contributorId":29578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roman-Mas","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":869084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, A.","contributorId":304055,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lee","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":869085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70209542,"text":"70209542 - 1990 - Age estimates and uplift rates for late Pleistocene marine terraces: Southern Oregon portion of the Cascadia forearc","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-13T15:28:39.962121","indexId":"70209542","displayToPublicDate":"1990-06-13T09:18:57","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2316,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":" Age estimates and uplift rates for late Pleistocene marine terraces: Southern Oregon portion of the Cascadia forearc","docAbstract":"

Interest in the Cascadia subduction zone has increased because recent investigations have suggested that slip along plates at certain types of convergent margins is characteristically accompanied by large earthquakes. In addition, other investigations have suggested that convergent margins can be broadly classified by the magnitude of their uplift rates. The authors generated new uranium series, amino acid, and stable isotope data for southern Oregon marine terrace fossils. These data, along with terrace elevations and two alternative estimates of sea level at the time of terrace formation, allow one to determine terrace ages and uplift rates. Uranium series analysis of fossil coral yields an age of 83 {plus minus} 5 ka for the Whisky Run terrace at Coquille Point in Bandon, Oregon. A combination of amino acid and oxygen isotope data suggest ages of about 80 and 105 ka for the lowest two terraces at Cape Blanco. These ages indicate uplift rates of 0.45-1.05 and 0.81-1.49 m/kyr for Coquille Point and Cape Blanco, respectively. In order to assess the utility of the southern Oregon uplift rates for predicting the behavior of the Cascadia subduction zone, the authors compared late Quaternary uplift rates derived from terrace data from subduction zones around the world. On the basis of this comparison the southern Oregon rates of vertical deformation are not usually high or low. Furthermore, late Quaternary uplift rates show little relationship to the type of convergent margin. In the case of the southern Oregon coast, variability in uplift rate probably reflects local structures in the overriding plate, and the rate of uplift cannot be used as a simple index of the potential for great earthquakes along the southern Cascadia subduction zone.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB095iB05p06685","usgsCitation":"Muhs, D., Kelsey, H., Whelan, J.F., and McInelly, G.W., 1990, Age estimates and uplift rates for late Pleistocene marine terraces: Southern Oregon portion of the Cascadia forearc: Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres, v. 95, no. B5, p. 6685-6698 , https://doi.org/10.1029/JB095iB05p06685.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"6685","endPage":"6698 ","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":373909,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -128.5,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -122,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -122,\n 44\n ],\n [\n -128.5,\n 44\n ],\n [\n -128.5,\n 37\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"95","issue":"B5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muhs, Daniel R. 0000-0001-7449-251X dmuhs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-251X","contributorId":168575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhs","given":"Daniel R.","email":"dmuhs@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":786736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kelsey, Harvey M.","contributorId":206893,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kelsey","given":"Harvey M.","affiliations":[{"id":7067,"text":"Humboldt State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":786737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Whelan, Joseph F.","contributorId":29792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whelan","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":786738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McInelly, Galan W.","contributorId":223975,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McInelly","given":"Galan","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":786739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70242601,"text":"70242601 - 1990 - Age determinations and growth rates of Pacific ferromanganese deposits using strontium isotopes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-10T20:11:57.483645","indexId":"70242601","displayToPublicDate":"1990-06-01T14:52:53","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age determinations and growth rates of Pacific ferromanganese deposits using strontium isotopes","docAbstract":"

87Sr86Sr ratios, trace element and REE compositions, and textural characteristics were determined for three hydrogenetic Fe-Mn crusts, one hydrothermal deposit, and two mixed hydrothermalhydrogenetic crusts from the Pacific. The Sr isotope data are compared to the Sr seawater curve for the Cenozoic to determine the ages and growth rates of the crusts. The 87Sr86Sr in the crusts does not increase monotonically with depth as expected if the Sr were solely derived from seawater and perfectly preserved since deposition. This indicates post-depositional exchange of Sr or heterogeneous sources for the Sr originally contained in the crusts.

Textures of hydrogenetic crusts generally correlate with Sr isotopic variations. The highest porosity intervals commonly exhibit the highest 87Sr86Sr ratios, indicating exchange with younger seawater. Intervals with the lowest porosity commonly have lower 87Sr86Sr and may preserve the original Sr isotopic ratios. Minimum ages of crust growth inception were calculated from dense, low porosity intervals. Growth of the hydrogenetic crusts began at or after 23 Ma, although their substrates are Cretaceous. Estimated average growth rates of the three hydrogenetic crusts vary between 0.9 and 2.7 mm/Ma, consistent with published rates determined by other techniques. Within the Marshall Islands crust, growth rates for individual layers varied greatly between 1.0 and 5.4 mm/Ma. For one crust, very low 87Sr86Sr ratios occurred in detrital-rich intervals.

Hydrothermal Fe-Mn oxide from the active Lau Basin back-arc spreading axis (Valu Fa Ridge) has an 87Sr86Sr ratio with a predominantly seawater signature (87Sr86Sr87Sr86Sr0.709196\">0.709196), indicating a maximum age of 0.9 Ma.

One crust from an off-axis seamount west of Gorda Ridge may have begun precipitating hydrogenetically at 0.5 Ma (0.709211), and had increasing hydrothermal or volcanic input in the top half of the crust, indicated by a significantly lower 87Sr86Sr ratio (0.709052).

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(90)90402-7","usgsCitation":"Ingram, B., Hein, J., and Farmer, G.L., 1990, Age determinations and growth rates of Pacific ferromanganese deposits using strontium isotopes: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 54, no. 6, p. 1709-1721, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(90)90402-7.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1709","endPage":"1721","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479803,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(90)90402-7","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":415534,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Pacific Ocean","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 130.65661036561244,\n 50.8530630555627\n ],\n [\n 130.65661036561244,\n -28.45138773039615\n ],\n [\n 255.63707911561147,\n -28.45138773039615\n ],\n [\n 255.63707911561147,\n 50.8530630555627\n ],\n [\n 130.65661036561244,\n 50.8530630555627\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"54","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ingram, B.L.","contributorId":51731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingram","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":869078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hein, J.R. 0000-0002-5321-899X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5321-899X","contributorId":61429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hein","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":869079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Farmer, G. L.","contributorId":97251,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Farmer","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":869080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70241946,"text":"70241946 - 1990 - Metamorphism in the Adirondacks: II. The role of fluids","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-31T17:55:52.906049","indexId":"70241946","displayToPublicDate":"1990-06-01T12:41:30","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2420,"text":"Journal of Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Metamorphism in the Adirondacks: II. The role of fluids","docAbstract":"

Quantitative estimates of metamorphic fluid speciation, stable isotopic analyses, and studies of fluid inclusions all document the local complexity of fluids in the deep crustal rocks exposed in the Adirondack Mountains, NY. Estimates of the activity of H2O in the granulite facies are substantially lower than in the amphibolite facies gneisses. The onset of low water activities in semi-pelitic gneisses generally correlates with migmatitic textures in the uppermost amphibolite facies, suggesting that partial melts absorbed H2O at the peak of metamorphism. In granulite facies marbles and calc-silicates, conditions varied from extremely undersaturated in H2O-CO2 fluid to fluid saturated, and αH2O and αCO2 show sharp gradients within single outcrops. Low values of fO2 and fH2O, or of fCO2, and fH2O indicate fluid-absent conditions for some orthogneisses and marbles, which are inferred to have been ‘dry’ rocks before and during granulite facies recrystallization. Wollastonite is preserved from early contact metamorphism and serves as an index mineral for fluid-absent conditions in granulites where αH2O is low. Values offO2 range from near the hematite + magnetite buffer in metamorphosed iron formation to substantially below the quartz + magnetite + fayalite buffer in some orthogneisses. The anorthosite suite is more oxidized than some associated granitic gneisses. Halogens (F and Cl) substitute extensively for OH in micas and amphiboles, extending their stability, although F2, Cl2, HCl, and HF are minor components in any fluid. Oxybiotite-type exchanges involving O for OH are also important, extending the stability of biotite. Stable isotopic ratios of O and C demonstrate that premetamorphic whole-rock compositions are commonly preserved whereas mineral compositions generally reflect equilibration at the peak of metamorphism. The Marcy Anorthosite Massif was intruded as a high δ18O magma.

The combination of mineral equilibria, stable isotope data, and fluid inclusions is used to identify and to distinguish among pre-orogenic contact metamorphic/hydrothermal events, peak metamorphic events, and retrograde/postmetamorphic events. Polymetamorphism is documented at skarn zones adjacent to anorthosite, where large volumes of hydrothermal fluid were channeled during early, shallow contact metamorphism and where conditions were fluid poor during subsequent regional metamorphism. Peak metamorphic events are inferred to have been caused primarily by magmatic processes of intrusion and anatexis. Partial melting has caused low values of αH2O in many rocks, but in other cases low values of αH2O are recorded in orthogneisses derived from H2O-poor magmas. Isotopic studies show that maximum fluid/rock ratios were <0·l and possibly 0·0 for infiltrating fluids at the peak of metamorphism in many localities. No evidence of pervasive, regional infiltration by a fluid at the peak of metamorphism has been substantiated in the Adirondacks. Fluid inclusions containing high-density CO2 or CO2 + H2O represent conditions from after the peak of metamorphism and document isobaric cooling, in agreement with estimates from garnet zoning. Fine-scale retrograde veins are common and are associated with high-density CO2-rich fluid inclusions.

","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic Press","doi":"10.1093/petrology/31.3.555","usgsCitation":"Valley, J.W., Bohlen, S.R., Essene, E., and Lamb, W., 1990, Metamorphism in the Adirondacks: II. The role of fluids: Journal of Petrology, v. 31, no. 3, p. 555-596, https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/31.3.555.","productDescription":"42 p.","startPage":"555","endPage":"596","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415013,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Adirondack Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.08323084498015,\n 43.25665087345456\n ],\n [\n -74.39801097590919,\n 43.039628157988716\n ],\n [\n -73.75528536228435,\n 43.07067857621874\n ],\n [\n -73.57468477663758,\n 43.399618063767974\n ],\n [\n -73.431266664507,\n 43.54994887670486\n ],\n [\n -73.36752528133749,\n 43.7536450580979\n ],\n [\n -73.43657844643752,\n 43.987232518149966\n ],\n [\n -73.38346062712974,\n 44.170395344502026\n ],\n [\n -73.30909568009855,\n 44.223711024689294\n ],\n [\n -73.34096637168362,\n 44.53880596454178\n ],\n [\n -73.7446617984227,\n 44.919947143169\n ],\n [\n -74.29708711922412,\n 44.75044199271545\n ],\n [\n -74.5945469073482,\n 44.28458415877469\n ],\n [\n -74.79639462071773,\n 43.80733623661095\n ],\n [\n -75.08323084498015,\n 43.25665087345456\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"31","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Valley, John W.","contributorId":52895,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Valley","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":16925,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":868336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bohlen, Steven R.","contributorId":17982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohlen","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Essene, E.J.","contributorId":91625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Essene","given":"E.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lamb, Will","contributorId":303870,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lamb","given":"Will","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70124360,"text":"70124360 - 1990 - The quantification of instream flow rights to water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-11T13:25:50","indexId":"70124360","displayToPublicDate":"1990-04-12T13:24:36","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"The quantification of instream flow rights to water","docAbstract":"Energy development of all types continues to grow in the Rocky Mountain Region of the western United States. Federal resource managers increasingly need to balance energy demands, their effects on the natural and human landscape, and public perceptions towards these issues. The Western Energy Citation Clearinghouse (WECC v.1.0), part of a suite of data and information management tools developed and managed by the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative (WLCI), provides resource managers with a searchable online database of citations that covers a broad spectrum of energy and landscape related topics relevant to resource managers, such as energy sources, natural and human landscape effects, and new research, methods and models. Based on the 2011 USGS Open-file Report \"Abbreviated bibliography on energy development\" (Montag, et al. 2011), WECC is an extensive collection of energy-related citations, as well as categorized lists of additional online resources related to oil and gas development, best practices, energy companies and Federal agencies. WECC incorporates the powerful web services of Sciencebase 2.0, the enterprise data and information platform for USGS scientists and partners, to provide secure, role-based data management features. For example, public/unauthenticated WECC users have full search and read access to the entire energy citation collection, while authenticated WLCI data stewards can manage WECC's citation collection using Sciencebase data management forms.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the American Geophysical Union, Tenth Annual Hydrology Days","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the American Geophysical Union, Tenth Annual Hydrology Days","conferenceDate":"1990-04-10T00:00:00","conferenceLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","language":"English","publisher":"Hydrology Days Publications","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","usgsCitation":"Milhous, R.T., 1990, The quantification of instream flow rights to water, 14 p.","productDescription":"14 p.","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":293742,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5412b9c1e4b0239f1986bb21","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milhous, Robert T.","contributorId":28646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milhous","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}