{"pageNumber":"1453","pageRowStart":"36300","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40845,"records":[{"id":27015,"text":"wri874247 - 1987 - Source of salts in the Waianae part of the Pearl Harbor aquifer near Barbers Point water tunnel, Oahu, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:41","indexId":"wri874247","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4247","title":"Source of salts in the Waianae part of the Pearl Harbor aquifer near Barbers Point water tunnel, Oahu, Hawaii","docAbstract":"The salinity of the water supply of Barbers Point Naval Air Station has increased markedly since 1983. The Naval Air Station obtains its water, about 3 million gal/day, from Barbers Point shaft, a water shaft that taps the Waianae part of the Pearl Harbor aquifer underlying the dry, southeastern flank of the Waianae mountains on the island on Oahu, Hawaii. From 1983 to 1985 the chloride concentration of the water, increased from 220 to 250 mg/L and has remained near that level through 1986. The EPA has established 250 mg/L as the maximum recommended chloride concentration in drinking water because above that level many people can taste the salt. The high chloride concentration in shallow groundwater at all wells in the area indicates that most of the salts in the freshwater lens are contributed by rainfall, sea spray, and irrigation return water. At Barbers Point shaft, pumping may draw a small amount of saltwater from the transition zone and increase the chloride concentration in the pumped water by about 20 mg/L. Salinity of the lens decreases progressively inland in response to recharge from relatively fresher water and in response to an increasing lens thickness with increasing distance from the shoreline. The increase, in 1983, in the chloride concentration of water at the shaft was most probably the result of saltier recharge water reaching the water table, and not the result of increased mixing of underlying saltwater with the freshwater. The chloride concentration of the recharge water has probably increased because, in 1980, the drip method of irrigation began to replace the furrow method on sugarcane fields near the shaft. A mixing-cell model was used to estimate the effect of drip irrigation on the chloride concentration of the groundwater in the vicinity of Barbers Point shaft. The model predicted an increase in chloride concentration of about 50 mg/L. The observed increase was about 30 mg/L and the chloride concentration is presently stable at 245 to 250 mg/L; hence, the chloride concentration is not expected to increase significantly more. (Lantz-PTT)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri874247","usgsCitation":"Eyre, P.R., 1987, Source of salts in the Waianae part of the Pearl Harbor aquifer near Barbers Point water tunnel, Oahu, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4247, v, 48 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874247.","productDescription":"v, 48 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158753,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4247/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55900,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4247/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55901,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4247/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e7743","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eyre, P. R.","contributorId":83165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eyre","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27093,"text":"wri874073 - 1987 - Estimation of streamflow characteristics and assessment of trends in the Niobrara River at Mariaville, Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:36","indexId":"wri874073","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4073","title":"Estimation of streamflow characteristics and assessment of trends in the Niobrara River at Mariaville, Nebraska","docAbstract":"A computer model was used to synthesize a long-term streamflow record for the Niobrara River at Mariaville, Nebraska. The record was developed on the basis of 30-plus years of streamflow data from 3 upstream sites, and the U. S. Geological Survey 's CONROUT model was calibrated using 294 days of measured flow at Mariaville; for the calibration period, 87% of the synthesized daily discharges were within 15% of the measured values. The synthesized record was analyzed for trends in streamflow characteristics. A marked decrease in the average consecutive-day, low-flow discharges was detected after 1964, ranging between 162 cu ft/sec less for the 1-day low flow and 200 cu ft/sec less for the 14-day low flow. The decrease probably was caused by the start-up of operations at Merritt Reservoir. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri874073","usgsCitation":"Fischer, E., 1987, Estimation of streamflow characteristics and assessment of trends in the Niobrara River at Mariaville, Nebraska: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4073, iv, 25 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874073.","productDescription":"iv, 25 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119852,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4073/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55959,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4073/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb188","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fischer, E.E.","contributorId":102480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"E.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":30426,"text":"wri864012 - 1987 - Ground-water flow in the Navajo sandstone in parts of Emery, Grand, Carbon, Wayne, Garfield, and Kane counties, southeast Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:55","indexId":"wri864012","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4012","title":"Ground-water flow in the Navajo sandstone in parts of Emery, Grand, Carbon, Wayne, Garfield, and Kane counties, southeast Utah","docAbstract":"A finite-difference model of one layer was constructed to determine groundwater flow directions and magnitudes in the Navajo Sandstone of southeast Utah. Hydraulic head data, hydraulic conductivity data, precipitation data, and other data collected in the area were used in constructing and calibrating the model. Sensitivity of the model to unknown aspects of the groundwater system was investigated. Simulation error attributable to grid-size error was unexpectedly large, but compared to the uncertainty in the groundwater system, simulation error was not large. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri864012","usgsCitation":"Weiss, E., 1987, Ground-water flow in the Navajo sandstone in parts of Emery, Grand, Carbon, Wayne, Garfield, and Kane counties, southeast Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4012, iv, 41 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864012.","productDescription":"iv, 41 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124110,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4012/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59200,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4012/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaee4b07f02db66c414","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weiss, Emanuel","contributorId":74383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weiss","given":"Emanuel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":14118,"text":"ofr87247 - 1987 - National and regional trends in water-well drilling in the United States, 1964-84","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-27T10:19:05","indexId":"ofr87247","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-247","title":"National and regional trends in water-well drilling in the United States, 1964-84","docAbstract":"<p>Information on national and regional water well drilling activity is important for water resource planning and management and for water related equipment marketing. A study was conducted to analyze drilling trends on the basis of data for selected years from 1964 through 1984. The study focused primarily on the years 1964 and 1980-84, but also included data from 1960. Approximately 397,000 water wells were drilled in the United States in 1984. Seven states--Florida, Texas, New York, Michigan, North Carolina, Virginia, and Ohio--accounted for 39% of all the wells drilled in the United States in 1984. Florida led the nation in drilling activity with 45,600 new wells. The 1984 national drilling total was 2.6% &gt; the total for 1980 (387,000) and 8.5% &lt; the total for 1964 (434,000). However, these moderate differences do not reflect substantial year-to-year fluctuations that may have occurred during that 20-yr period. Qualitative comparisons suggest that drilling activity for a given year is closely related to the number of housing starts for that year. If so, there may have been peaks in drilling activity in 1972 and 1977-78 (corresponding to peaks in housing starts) that are not identified in this study because of a lack of available well drilling data for those years. Well drilling data for 1964 and the 1980-84 period probably represent a low to moderate level of drilling activity, and, if compared to earlier data, suggest that there has been no substantial growth or decline in the water well industry as a whole since the 1940's. (Author's abstract)</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr87247","usgsCitation":"Hindall, S.M., and Eberle, M., 1987, National and regional trends in water-well drilling in the United States, 1964-84: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-247, iv, 25 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr87247.","productDescription":"iv, 25 p. 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States\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db698401","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hindall, S. M.","contributorId":59414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hindall","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eberle, Michael","contributorId":39770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberle","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":13208,"text":"ofr87414A - 1987 - FASPUM metric version : analytic petroleum resource appraisal microcomputer programs for play analysis using a reservoir-engineering model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:54","indexId":"ofr87414A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-414","chapter":"A","title":"FASPUM metric version : analytic petroleum resource appraisal microcomputer programs for play analysis using a reservoir-engineering model","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr87414A","usgsCitation":"Crovelli, R.A., and Balay, R.H., 1987, FASPUM metric version : analytic petroleum resource appraisal microcomputer programs for play analysis using a reservoir-engineering model: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-414, 14 leaves ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr87414A.","productDescription":"14 leaves ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":146874,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0414a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":41593,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0414a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a06e4b07f02db5f8934","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crovelli, Robert A.","contributorId":92242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crovelli","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":167407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Balay, Richard H.","contributorId":10048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balay","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":167406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":12607,"text":"ofr86536 - 1987 - Documentation of a deep percolation model for estimating ground-water recharge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:41","indexId":"ofr86536","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-536","title":"Documentation of a deep percolation model for estimating ground-water recharge","docAbstract":"A deep percolation model, which operates on a daily basis, was developed to estimate long-term average groundwater recharge from precipitation. It has been designed primarily to simulate recharge in large areas with variable weather, soils, and land uses, but it can also be used at any scale. The physical and mathematical concepts of the deep percolation model, its subroutines and data requirements, and input data sequence and formats are documented. The physical processes simulated are soil moisture accumulation, evaporation from bare soil, plant transpiration, surface water runoff, snow accumulation and melt, and accumulation and evaporation of intercepted precipitation. The minimum data sets for the operation of the model are daily values of precipitation and maximum and minimum air temperature, soil thickness and available water capacity, soil texture, and land use. Long-term average annual precipitation, actual daily stream discharge, monthly estimates of base flow, Soil Conservation Service surface runoff curve numbers, land surface altitude-slope-aspect, and temperature lapse rates are optional. The program is written in the FORTRAN 77 language with no enhancements and should run on most computer systems without modifications. Documentation has been prepared so that program modifications may be made for inclusions of additional physical processes or deletion of ones not considered important. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr86536","usgsCitation":"Bauer, H.H., and Vaccaro, J.J., 1987, Documentation of a deep percolation model for estimating ground-water recharge: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-536, iv, 180 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr86536.","productDescription":"iv, 180 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":145593,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0536/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":41015,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0536/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62b69b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bauer, H. H.","contributorId":85142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauer","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vaccaro, J. J.","contributorId":48173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vaccaro","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":12666,"text":"ofr87272C - 1987 - Grade-tonnage model of hot-spring gold-silver; a supplement to U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1693","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:32","indexId":"ofr87272C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-272","chapter":"C","title":"Grade-tonnage model of hot-spring gold-silver; a supplement to U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1693","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr87272C","usgsCitation":"Berger, B.R., and Singer, D., 1987, Grade-tonnage model of hot-spring gold-silver; a supplement to U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1693: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-272, 6 p. :chiefly ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr87272C.","productDescription":"6 p. :chiefly ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":143703,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0272c/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":41074,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0272c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abde4b07f02db673efa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berger, B. R.","contributorId":77914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berger","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Singer, D.A.","contributorId":69128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":12668,"text":"ofr86539 - 1987 - Ground-water levels in water years 1984-86 and estimated ground-water pumpage in water years 1984-85, Carson Valley, Douglas County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:32","indexId":"ofr86539","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-539","title":"Ground-water levels in water years 1984-86 and estimated ground-water pumpage in water years 1984-85, Carson Valley, Douglas County, Nevada","docAbstract":"Tabulations of groundwater level measurements made during the water years 1984-86 and summaries of estimated pumpage for water years 1984 and 1985 in Carson valley, Douglas County, Nevada, are included in this report. The data are being collected to provide a record of long-term groundwater changes and pumpage estimates that can be incorporated in a groundwater model change at a later date. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr86539","usgsCitation":"Berger, D., 1987, Ground-water levels in water years 1984-86 and estimated ground-water pumpage in water years 1984-85, Carson Valley, Douglas County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-539, iv, 16 p. :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr86539.","productDescription":"iv, 16 p. :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":143705,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0539/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":41076,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0539/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":41077,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0539/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ee4b07f02db66094f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berger, D.L.","contributorId":106904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berger","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2655,"text":"wsp2234D - 1987 - A flow-simulation model of the tidal Potomac River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-11T21:32:44.82146","indexId":"wsp2234D","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2234","chapter":"D","title":"A flow-simulation model of the tidal Potomac River","docAbstract":"A one-dimensional model capable of simulating flow in a network of interconnected channels has been applied to the tidal Potomac River including its major tributaries and embayments between Washington, D.C., and Indian Head, Md. The model can be used to compute water-surface elevations and flow discharges at any of 66 predetermined locations or at any alternative river cross sections definable within the network of channels. In addition, the model can be used to provide tidal-interchange flow volumes and to evaluate tidal excursions and the flushing properties of the riverine system. Comparisons of model-computed results with measured watersurface elevations and discharges demonstrate the validity and accuracy of the model. Tidal-cycle flow volumes computed by the calibrated model have been verified to be within an accuracy of ? 10 percent. Quantitative characteristics of the hydrodynamics of the tidal river are identified and discussed. The comprehensive flow data provided by the model can be used to better understand the geochemical, biological, and other processes affecting the river's water quality.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"A water quality study of the tidal Potomac River and Estuary","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp2234D","usgsCitation":"Schaffranek, R.W., 1987, A flow-simulation model of the tidal Potomac River: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2234, vi, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2234D.","productDescription":"vi, 41 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":424352,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25336.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":28978,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2234d/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138208,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2234d/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"District of Columbia, Maryland, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"tidal Potomac River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -77.35734700645138,\n              39.082621721559036\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.35734700645138,\n              37.95253421635698\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.40863401983675,\n              37.95253421635698\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.40863401983675,\n              39.082621721559036\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.35734700645138,\n              39.082621721559036\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae5fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schaffranek, Raymond W.","contributorId":86314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaffranek","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":3732,"text":"cir1009 - 1987 - Review of literature on the finite-element solution of the equations of two-dimensional surface-water flow in the horizontal plane","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:38","indexId":"cir1009","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1009","title":"Review of literature on the finite-element solution of the equations of two-dimensional surface-water flow in the horizontal plane","docAbstract":"Published literature on the application of the finite-element method to solving the equations of two-dimensional surface-water flow in the horizontal plane is reviewed in this report. The finite-element method is ideally suited to modeling two-dimensional flow over complex topography with spatially variable resistance. A two-dimensional finite-element surface-water flow model with depth and vertically averaged velocity components as dependent variables allows the user great flexibility in defining geometric features such as the boundaries of a water body, channels, islands, dikes, and embankments. \r\n\r\nThe following topics are reviewed in this report: alternative formulations of the equations of two-dimensional surface-water flow in the horizontal plane; basic concepts of the finite-element method; discretization of the flow domain and representation of the dependent flow variables; treatment of boundary conditions; discretization of the time domain; methods for modeling bottom, surface, and lateral stresses; approaches to solving systems of nonlinear equations; techniques for solving systems of linear equations; finite-element alternatives to Galerkin's method of weighted residuals; techniques of model validation; and preparation of model input data. References are listed in the final chapter.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/cir1009","usgsCitation":"Lee, J.K., and Froehlich, D.C., 1987, Review of literature on the finite-element solution of the equations of two-dimensional surface-water flow in the horizontal plane: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1009, vi, 61 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1009.","productDescription":"vi, 61 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124555,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1987/1009/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30793,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1987/1009/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4d0b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Jonathan K.","contributorId":60186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Froehlich, David C.","contributorId":58617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Froehlich","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":3956,"text":"cir994 - 1987 - Uranium resource assessment by the Geological Survey; methodology and plan to update the national resource base","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:29","indexId":"cir994","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"994","title":"Uranium resource assessment by the Geological Survey; methodology and plan to update the national resource base","docAbstract":"Based on the Memorandum of Understanding {MOU) of September 20, 1984, between the U.S. Geological Survey of the U.S. Department of Interior and the Energy Information Administration {EIA) of the U.S. Department of Energy {DOE), the U.S. Geological Survey began to make estimates of the undiscovered uranium endowment of selected areas of the United States in 1985. A modified NURE {National Uranium Resource Evaluation) method will be used in place of the standard NURE method of the DOE that was used for the national assessment reported in October 1980. The modified method, here named the 'deposit-size-frequency' {DSF) method, is presented for the first time, and calculations by the two methods are compared using an illustrative example based on preliminary estimates for the first area to be evaluated under the MOU. The results demonstrate that the estimate of the endowment using the DSF method is significantly larger and more uncertain than the estimate obtained by the NURE method. We believe that the DSF method produces a more realistic estimate because the principal factor estimated in the endowment equation is disaggregated into more parts and is more closely tied to specific geologic knowledge than by the NURE method. \r\n\r\nThe DSF method consists of modifying the standard NURE estimation equation, U=AxFxTxG, by replacing the factors FxT by a single factor that represents the tonnage for the total number of deposits in all size classes. Use of the DSF method requires that the size frequency of deposits in a known or control area has been established and that the relation of the size-frequency distribution of deposits to probable controlling geologic factors has been determined. Using these relations, the principal scientist {PS) first estimates the number and range of size classes and then, for each size class, estimates the lower limit, most likely value, and upper limit of the numbers of deposits in the favorable area. Once these probable estimates have been refined by elicitation of the PS, they are entered into the DSF equation, and the probability distribution of estimates of undiscovered uranium endowment is calculated using a slight modification of the program by Ford and McLaren (1980). \r\n\r\nThe EIA study of the viability of the domestic uranium industry requires an annual appraisal of the U.S. uranium resource situation. During DOE's NURE Program, which was terminated in 1983, a thorough assessment of the Nation's resources was completed. A comprehensive reevaluation of uranium resource base for the entire United States is not possible for each annual appraisal. A few areas are in need of future study, however, because of new developments in either scientific knowledge, industry exploration, or both. Four geologic environments have been selected for study by the U.S. Geological Survey in the next several years: (1) surficial uranium deposits throughout the conterminous United States, (2) uranium in collapse-breccia pipes in the Grand Canyon region of Arizona, (3) uranium in Tertiary sedimentary rocks of the Northern Great Plains, and (4) uranium in metamorphic rocks of the Piedmont province in the eastern States. \r\n\r\nIn addition to participation in the National uranium resource assessment, the U.S. Geological Survey will take part in activities of the Nuclear Energy Agency of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development and those of the International Atomic Energy Agency.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir994","usgsCitation":"Finch, W.I., and McCammon, R.B., 1987, Uranium resource assessment by the Geological Survey; methodology and plan to update the national resource base: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 994, iii, 31 p. :ill., maps ;26 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir994.","productDescription":"iii, 31 p. :ill., maps ;26 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124738,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1987/0994/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31043,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1987/0994/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db6053d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Finch, Warren Irvin","contributorId":55794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finch","given":"Warren","email":"","middleInitial":"Irvin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCammon, Richard B.","contributorId":107674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCammon","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":16476,"text":"ofr87397 - 1987 - Selected water-level data for Mesozoic formations in the upper Colorado River basin in Arizona, Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming; excluding the San Juan Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:14","indexId":"ofr87397","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-397","title":"Selected water-level data for Mesozoic formations in the upper Colorado River basin in Arizona, Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming; excluding the San Juan Basin","docAbstract":"The base of the moderately saline water (water that contains from 3,000 to 10,000 mg/L of dissolved solids) was mapped by using available water quality data and by determining formation-water resistivities from geophysical well logs based on the resistivity-porosity, spontaneous-potential, and resistivity-ratio methods. The contour map developed from these data showed a mound of very saline and briny water, mostly of sodium chloride and sodium bicarbonate type, in most of that part of the Uinta Basin that is underlain by either the Green River or Wasatch Formations. Along its northern edge, the mound rises steeply from below sea level to within 2,000 ft of the land surface and, locally, to land surface. Along its southern edge, the mound rises less steeply and is more complex in outline. This body of very saline to briny water may be a lens; many wells or test holes drilled within the area underlain by the mound re-entered fresh to moderately saline water at depths of 8,000 to 15,000 ft below land surface. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr87397","usgsCitation":"Weigel, J.F., 1987, Selected water-level data for Mesozoic formations in the upper Colorado River basin in Arizona, Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming; excluding the San Juan Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-397, iv, 73 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr87397.","productDescription":"iv, 73 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":149098,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0397/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":45450,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0397/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a01e4b07f02db5f7ef6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weigel, J. F.","contributorId":74394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weigel","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":4681,"text":"twri03B5 - 1987 - Definition of boundary and initial conditions in the analysis of saturated ground-water flow systems - An introduction","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":13663,"text":"ofr84458 - 1984 - Definition of boundary and initial conditions in the analysis of saturated ground-water flow systems; an introduction","indexId":"ofr84458","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"Definition of boundary and initial conditions in the analysis of saturated ground-water flow systems; an introduction"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":4681,"text":"twri03B5 - 1987 - Definition of boundary and initial conditions in the analysis of saturated ground-water flow systems - An introduction","indexId":"twri03B5","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"title":"Definition of boundary and initial conditions in the analysis of saturated ground-water flow systems - An introduction"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:31","indexId":"twri03B5","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":336,"text":"Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations","code":"TWRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"03-B5","title":"Definition of boundary and initial conditions in the analysis of saturated ground-water flow systems - An introduction","docAbstract":"Accurate definition of boundary and initial conditions is an essential part of conceptualizing and modeling ground-water flow systems. This report describes the properties of the seven most common boundary conditions encountered in ground-water systems and discusses major aspects of their application. It also discusses the significance and specification of initial conditions and evaluates some common errors in applying this concept to ground-water-system models. An appendix is included that discusses what the solution of a differential equation represents and how the solution relates to the boundary conditions defining the specific problem. This report considers only boundary conditions that apply to saturated ground-water systems.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/twri03B5","issn":"0565-596X","usgsCitation":"Franke, O.L., Reilly, T.E., and Bennett, G.D., 1987, Definition of boundary and initial conditions in the analysis of saturated ground-water flow systems - An introduction: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations 03-B5, viii, 15 p. :ill ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/twri03B5.","productDescription":"viii, 15 p. :ill ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/twri/twri3-b5/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":139153,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672497","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Franke, O. Lehn","contributorId":63357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franke","given":"O.","email":"","middleInitial":"Lehn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reilly, Thomas E. tereilly@usgs.gov","contributorId":1660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reilly","given":"Thomas","email":"tereilly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":149613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bennett, Gordon D.","contributorId":18740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1903,"text":"wsp2248 - 1987 - Ground water in the southeastern Uinta Basin, Utah and Colorado","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":9549,"text":"ofr83271 - 1983 - Ground water in the southeastern Uinta Basin, Utah and Colorado","indexId":"ofr83271","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"title":"Ground water in the southeastern Uinta Basin, Utah and Colorado"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1903,"text":"wsp2248 - 1987 - Ground water in the southeastern Uinta Basin, Utah and Colorado","indexId":"wsp2248","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"title":"Ground water in the southeastern Uinta Basin, Utah and Colorado"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-31T16:24:02","indexId":"wsp2248","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2248","title":"Ground water in the southeastern Uinta Basin, Utah and Colorado","docAbstract":"<p>The potential for developing oil-shale resources in the southeastern Uinta Basin of Utah and Colorado has created the need for information on the quantity and quality of water available in the area. This report describes the availability and chemical quality of ground water, which might provide a source or supplement of water supply for an oil-shale industry. </p><p>Ground water in the southeastern Uinta Basin occurs in three major aquifers. Alluvial aquifers of small areal extent are present i n val ley-f i 11 deposits of six major drainages. Consolidated-rock aquifers include the birds's-nest aquifer i n the Parachute Creek Member of the G reen River Formation, which is limited to the central part of the study area; and the Douglas Creek aquifer, which includes parts of the Douglas Creek Member of the Green River Formation and parts of the intertonguing Renegade Tongue of the Wasatch Formation; this aquifer underlies most of the study area.</p><p>The alluvial aquifers are recharged by infiltration of streamflow and leakage from consolidated-rock aquifers. Recharge is estimated to average about 32,000 acre-feet per year. Discharge from alluvial aquifers, primarily by evapotranspiration, also averages about 32,000 acre-feet per year. The estimated volume of recoverable water in storage in alluvial aquifers is about 200,000 acre-feet. Maximum yields to individual wells are less than 1,000 gallons per minute.</p><p>Recharge to the bird's-nest aquifer, primarily from stream infiltration and downward leakage from the overlying Uinta Formation, is estimated to average 670 acre-feet per year. Discharge from the bird's-nest aquifer, which is primarily by seepage to Bitter Creek and the White River, is estimated to be at 670 acre-feet per year. The estimated volume of recoverable water in storage in the bird's-nest aquifer is 1.9 million acre-feet. Maximum yields to individual wells in some areas may be as much as 5,000 gallons per minute. </p><p>A digital-computer model of the flow system was used to evaluate the effects of oil-shale development on the bird's-nest aquifer at the Federal lease tracts Ua and Ub. Results of model simulations indicate that during construction of a vertical access shaft, a pumping rate of about 900 gallons per minute would be required to dewaterthe aquifer. The model also indicates that the construction of a proposed reservoir on the White River may raise water levels in the bird's-nest aquifer near the reservoir site by as much as 45 feet.</p><p>The flow model was used to evaluate the potential ground-water supply available for oil-shale development in the vicinity of the Federal lease tracts Ua and Ub. The results of the simulation indicate that bird's-nest aquifer could supply about 10,000 acre-feet of water per year at that site, for a period of 20 years. Downdraw after 20 years of pumping would exceed 250 feet near the simulated well field. Based on the results of the model simulation, it is estimated that the aquifer could simultaneously supply another 10,000 acre-feet of water per year in the northern part of the study area, but some interference between well fields could be expected.</p><p>The Douglas Creek aquifer is recharged by precipitation and stream infiltration at an average rate of about 20.000 acre-feet per year. Discharge is estimated to be about the same and is primarily through springs and diffuse seepage. The estimated volume of recoverable water in storage is 16 million acre-feet. Maximum yields to individual wells are estimated to be less than 500 gallons per minute.</p><p>A model of the flow system in the Douglas Creek aquifer indicates that the aquifer could supply about 700 acre-feet of water per year for oil-shale development at Federal lease tracts Ua and Ub and at the TOSCO Corp. site. After 20 years of pumping, water levels in production wells would be near the base of the aquifer. Based on the results of the model simulation, it is estimated that the aquifer could supply another 700 acre-feet of water per year in the southern part of the modeled area, but some interference between wells could be expected. </p><p>Chemical quality of the ground water in the southeastern Uinta Basin varies considerably. Water from alluvial wells ranges from about 440 to 27,800 milligrams per liter of dissolved solids. Water from two consolidated-rock aquifers has dissolved-solids concentrations ranging from 870 to 5,810 milligrams per liter in the bird's-nest aquifer, and from 640 to 6,100 milligrams per liter in the Douglas Creek aquifer. Water from alluvial wells generally is a sodium sulfate type, whereas water in both the consolidated-rock aquifers generally changes from a sodium sulfate type to a sodium bicarbonate type. All ground water is very alkaline, and the alluvial aquifers contain very hard water. None of the water is suitable for public supply, but all the water could be used for industrial purposes such as washing and cooling.</p><p>Changes in chemical composition of the ground water can be attributed to several physiochemical processes, including mineral precipitation and dissolution, oxidation and reduction, mixing, ion exchange, and evaporative concentration. Mass-transfer modeling of these processes shows how they can account for the variability in the ground-water quality. The mass-transfer model of the Bitter Creek alluvial aquifer shows that evaporative concentration, combined with precipitation of calcite, dolomite, gypsum, and release of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere results in the documented changes in the pH and dissolved solids in the water. The water-quality changes in the consolidated-rock aquifers are a result of precipitation of calcium carbonate and perhaps dolomite (calcium magnesium carbonate) with the reduction of sulfate by organic carbon, as well as ion exchange of magnesium for sodium. These processes result in large values of pH and alkalinity in the water. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp2248","usgsCitation":"Holmes, W.F., and Kimball, B.A., 1987, Ground water in the southeastern Uinta Basin, Utah and Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2248, Report: vi, 47 p.; Plate: 20.50 in. x 25.00 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2248.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 47 p.; Plate: 20.50 in. x 25.00 in.","numberOfPages":"55","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":27200,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2248/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138548,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2248/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":27199,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2248/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Uinta Basin","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d745","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holmes, Walter F.","contributorId":31737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"Walter","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kimball, Briant A. bkimball@usgs.gov","contributorId":533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimball","given":"Briant","email":"bkimball@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":144339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":4709,"text":"twri03B6 - 1987 - The principle of superposition and its application in ground-water hydraulics","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":15611,"text":"ofr84459 - 1984 - The principle of superposition and its application in ground-water hydraulics","indexId":"ofr84459","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"The principle of superposition and its application in ground-water hydraulics"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":4709,"text":"twri03B6 - 1987 - The principle of superposition and its application in ground-water hydraulics","indexId":"twri03B6","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"title":"The principle of superposition and its application in ground-water hydraulics"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:31","indexId":"twri03B6","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":336,"text":"Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations","code":"TWRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"03-B6","title":"The principle of superposition and its application in ground-water hydraulics","docAbstract":"The principle of superposition, a powerful mathematical technique for analyzing certain types of complex problems in many areas of science and technology, has important applications in ground-water hydraulics and modeling of ground-water systems. The principle of superposition states that problem solutions can be added together to obtain composite solutions. This principle applies to linear systems governed by linear differential equations.\r\nThis report introduces the principle of superposition as it applies to ground-water hydrology and provides background information, discussion, illustrative problems with solutions, and problems to be solved by the reader.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/twri03B6","issn":"0565-596X","usgsCitation":"Reilly, T.E., Franke, O.L., and Bennett, G.D., 1987, The principle of superposition and its application in ground-water hydraulics: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations 03-B6, viii, 28 p. :ill ;26 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/twri03B6.","productDescription":"viii, 28 p. :ill ;26 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139155,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":298,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/twri/twri3-b6/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a71e4b07f02db641cca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reilly, Thomas E. tereilly@usgs.gov","contributorId":1660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reilly","given":"Thomas","email":"tereilly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":149656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Franke, O. Lehn","contributorId":63357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franke","given":"O.","email":"","middleInitial":"Lehn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bennett, Gordon D.","contributorId":18740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":16161,"text":"ofr87507 - 1987 - Rb-Sr isotopic studies of postorogenic granites from the eastern Arabian Shield, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-16T15:10:16","indexId":"ofr87507","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-507","title":"Rb-Sr isotopic studies of postorogenic granites from the eastern Arabian Shield, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","docAbstract":"<p>Thirteen Rb-Sr whole-rock isochrons for postorogenic granites of the eastern Arabian Shield yield ages that range from 567 to 617 Ma, a similar range to that previously determined ages for leucocratic, evolved granites in that region. The dated plutons range widely in terms of degree of petrologic evolution from primitive (at Najran) to highly evolved (at Jabal al Caharra) and include several plutons that are anomalously enriched in tin and tungsten (Jabal Tarban, Jabal al Gaharra, Jabal Khinzir, and Jabal Minya). Although no uniform relationship was established between age or initial <sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr and degree of petrologic evolution, the more evolved plutons tend to be younger and to have slightly higher initial <sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr values. There is a tendency for metalliferous plutons to have elevated initial <sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr values, but not all plutons with elevated <sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr values are known to be metalliferous. Several of the dated plutons are situated within the Najd fault zone, and thus, some of the ages are useful in determining times of strike-slip fault activity. The youngest pluton cut by Najd faulting is at Jabal Tukhfah (573&plusmn;13 Ma). Displacement at this locality is about 2 km, and if normal rates of strike-slip movement are assumed, this displacement suggests that movement for one strand of the Najd faults ceased by about 560 Ma.</p>\n<p>Available data indicate that postorogenic granites tend to be older in the southern part of the Arabian Shield. This suggests that plutonism started in the south and progressed to the north. Initial <sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr values also form a regional pattern. These ratios tend to be higher in the eastern part of the Arabian Shield, and suggest one source of continental affinity to the east and one of oceanic affinity to the west. The distribution of initial strontium isotope ratios does not clearly discriminate between the various models for Shield evolution; however, a sedimentary source region of mixed end members seems more compatible with the data pattern than models based on discrete boundaries between unrelated accreted blocks.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr87507","usgsCitation":"Stuckless, J., and Futa, K., 1987, Rb-Sr isotopic studies of postorogenic granites from the eastern Arabian Shield, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-507, Report: i, 26 p., ill;, maps: 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr87507.","productDescription":"Report: i, 26 p., ill;, maps: 28 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":149247,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0507/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":45088,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0507/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"Saudi Arabia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              42.4,\n              17\n            ],\n            [\n              42,\n              26\n            ],\n            [\n              46,\n              26\n            ],\n            [\n              46,\n              17\n            ],\n            [\n              42.4,\n              17\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db648702","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stuckless, J. S.","contributorId":6060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuckless","given":"J. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Futa, Kiyoto 0000-0001-8649-7510 kfuta@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8649-7510","contributorId":619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Futa","given":"Kiyoto","email":"kfuta@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":172338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":15948,"text":"ofr87296 - 1987 - A linguistic model of earthquake frequencies applied to the seismic history of California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:11","indexId":"ofr87296","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-296","title":"A linguistic model of earthquake frequencies applied to the seismic history of California","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr87296","usgsCitation":"Shaw, H.R., 1987, A linguistic model of earthquake frequencies applied to the seismic history of California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-296, iv, 129 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr87296.","productDescription":"iv, 129 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":149501,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0296/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":44908,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0296/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae345","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shaw, H. R.","contributorId":23952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaw","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":171996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":15781,"text":"ofr87618 - 1987 - Two-dimensional finite element models of the variation of heat flow with depth caused by refraction at a low conductivity graben","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:13","indexId":"ofr87618","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-618","title":"Two-dimensional finite element models of the variation of heat flow with depth caused by refraction at a low conductivity graben","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr87618","usgsCitation":"Saltus, R.W., and Lachenbruch, A., 1987, Two-dimensional finite element models of the variation of heat flow with depth caused by refraction at a low conductivity graben: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-618, 11 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr87618.","productDescription":"11 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":149197,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0618/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":44810,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0618/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a48e4b07f02db623964","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saltus, R. W.","contributorId":85588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saltus","given":"R.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":171708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lachenbruch, A.H.","contributorId":76737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lachenbruch","given":"A.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":171707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1959,"text":"wsp2317 - 1987 - Simulation of flood hydrographs for Georgia streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-01T10:16:14","indexId":"wsp2317","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2317","title":"Simulation of flood hydrographs for Georgia streams","docAbstract":"Flood hydrographs are needed for the design of many highway drainage structures and embankments. A method for simulating these flood hydrographs at ungaged sites in Georgia is presented in this report. \r\n\r\nThe O'Donnell method was used to compute unit hydrographs and lagtimes for 355 floods at 80 gaging stations. An average unit hydrograph and an average lagtime were computed for each station. These average unit hydrographs were transformed to unit hydrographs having durations of one-fourth, one-third, one-half, and three-fourths lagtime, then reduced to dimensionless terms by dividing the time by lagtime and the discharge by peak discharge. Hydrographs were simulated for these 355 floods and their widths were compared with the widths of the observed hydrographs at 50 and 75 percent of peak flow. The dimensionless hydrograph based on one-half lagtime duration provided the best fit of the observed data. \r\n\r\nMultiple regression analysis was then used to define relations between lagtime and certain physical basin characteristics; of these characteristics, drainage area and slope were found to be significant for the rural-stream equations and drainage area, slope, and impervious area were found to be significant for the Atlanta urban-stream equation. \r\n\r\nA hydrograph can be simulated from the dimensionless hydrograph, the peak discharge of a specific recurrence interval, and the lagtime obtained from regression equations for any site in Georgia having a drainage area of less than 500 square miles. \r\n\r\nFor simulating hydrographs at sites having basins larger than 500 square miles, the U.S. Geological Survey computer model CONROUT can be used. This model routes streamflow from an upstream channel location to a user-defined location downstream. The product of CONROUT is a simulated discharge hydrograph for the downstream site that has a peak discharge of a specific recurrence interval.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2317","usgsCitation":"Inman, E.J., 1987, Simulation of flood hydrographs for Georgia streams: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2317, iv, 26 p :ill. map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2317.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p :ill. map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":138560,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2317/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":27312,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2317/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United 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,{"id":15528,"text":"ofr87680 - 1987 - Preprocessor and postprocessor computer programs for a radial-flow finite-element model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:02","indexId":"ofr87680","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-680","title":"Preprocessor and postprocessor computer programs for a radial-flow finite-element model","docAbstract":"Preprocessing and postprocessing computer programs that enhance the utility of the U.S. Geological Survey radial-flow model have been developed. The preprocessor program: (1) generates a triangular finite element mesh from minimal data input, (2) produces graphical displays and tabulations of data for the mesh , and (3) prepares an input data file to use with the radial-flow model. The postprocessor program is a version of the radial-flow model, which was modified to (1) produce graphical output for simulation and field results, (2) generate a statistic for comparing the simulation results with observed data, and (3) allow hydrologic properties to vary in the simulated region. Examples of the use of the processor programs for a hypothetical aquifer test are presented. Instructions for the data files, format instructions, and a listing of the preprocessor and postprocessor source codes are given in the appendixes. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr87680","usgsCitation":"Pucci, A.A., and Pope, D., 1987, Preprocessor and postprocessor computer programs for a radial-flow finite-element model: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-680, v, 69 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr87680.","productDescription":"v, 69 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":147799,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0680/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":44486,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0680/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":44487,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0680/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":44488,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0680/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db66915c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pucci, A. A. Jr.","contributorId":100000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pucci","given":"A.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":171273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pope, D. A.","contributorId":13991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"D. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":171272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":20113,"text":"ofr87404 - 1987 - Sedimentary basin models documented on computer diskettes for USGS bulletin 1810 the muPETROL expert system for classifying world sedimentary basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:37","indexId":"ofr87404","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-404","title":"Sedimentary basin models documented on computer diskettes for USGS bulletin 1810 the muPETROL expert system for classifying world sedimentary basins","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr87404","usgsCitation":"Miller, B., 1987, Sedimentary basin models documented on computer diskettes for USGS bulletin 1810 the muPETROL expert system for classifying world sedimentary basins: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-404, 5 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr87404.","productDescription":"5 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":152269,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0404/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":49657,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0404/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd71dfe4b0b29085107f3b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, B.M.","contributorId":73232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"B.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":15229,"text":"ofr87554 - 1987 - Documentation for a digital computer model of nutrient and dissolved-oxygen transport in the Truckee River and Truckee Canal downstream for Reno, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:01","indexId":"ofr87554","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-554","title":"Documentation for a digital computer model of nutrient and dissolved-oxygen transport in the Truckee River and Truckee Canal downstream for Reno, Nevada","docAbstract":"A digital water quality model was constructed as part of a water quality assessment of the Truckee River downstream from Reno. This report provides documentation on the computer code and the principal data sets used in model calibration, verification, and simulation. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr87554","usgsCitation":"Nowlin, J., 1987, Documentation for a digital computer model of nutrient and dissolved-oxygen transport in the Truckee River and Truckee Canal downstream for Reno, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-554, iv, 181 p. :map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr87554.","productDescription":"iv, 181 p. :map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":147506,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0554/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":44174,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0554/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e47aee4b07f02db49b94a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nowlin, J. O.","contributorId":40604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nowlin","given":"J. O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":15142,"text":"ofr87595 - 1987 - Interpretation of the regional geochemistry of the Tonopah 1 degree by 2 degrees Quadrangle, Nevada, based on analytical results from stream-sediment and nonmagnetic heavy-mineral-concentrate samples","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":15142,"text":"ofr87595 - 1987 - Interpretation of the regional geochemistry of the Tonopah 1 degree by 2 degrees Quadrangle, Nevada, based on analytical results from stream-sediment and nonmagnetic heavy-mineral-concentrate samples","indexId":"ofr87595","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"title":"Interpretation of the regional geochemistry of the Tonopah 1 degree by 2 degrees Quadrangle, Nevada, based on analytical results from stream-sediment and nonmagnetic heavy-mineral-concentrate samples"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":35322,"text":"b1849 - 1988 - Interpretation of the regional geochemistry of the Tonopah 1° x 2° quadrangle, Nevada, based on analytical results from stream-sediment and nonmagnetic heavy-mineral-concentrate samples","indexId":"b1849","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"title":"Interpretation of the regional geochemistry of the Tonopah 1° x 2° quadrangle, Nevada, based on analytical results from stream-sediment and nonmagnetic heavy-mineral-concentrate samples"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":35322,"text":"b1849 - 1988 - Interpretation of the regional geochemistry of the Tonopah 1° x 2° quadrangle, Nevada, based on analytical results from stream-sediment and nonmagnetic heavy-mineral-concentrate samples","indexId":"b1849","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"title":"Interpretation of the regional geochemistry of the Tonopah 1° x 2° quadrangle, Nevada, based on analytical results from stream-sediment and nonmagnetic heavy-mineral-concentrate samples"},"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-03T19:20:05.461443","indexId":"ofr87595","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-595","title":"Interpretation of the regional geochemistry of the Tonopah 1 degree by 2 degrees Quadrangle, Nevada, based on analytical results from stream-sediment and nonmagnetic heavy-mineral-concentrate samples","docAbstract":"<p><span>Results of more than 2,400 analyses of &lt;0.25-mm fraction of stream </span><span>sediments and nonmagnetic heavy-mineral concentrates from stream sediments </span><span>from 1,217 sites in the Tonopah quadrangle demonstrate the existence of </span><span>anomalous concentrations of many metals of economic interest in many areas. </span><span>Single-element anomalies of As, Pb, or Sb in stream sediment provide general </span><span>guides to possible mineralization, but multi-element suites are more reliable </span><span>to characterize types of mineralization. Various combinations of Ag, As, Bi, </span><span>Cu, Mo, Pb, Sb, and W in stream sediments and concentrates provide guides to </span><span>five general types of deposits and their geologic environments. Multi-element </span><span>suites that recur in stream-sediment media resemble those observed in </span><span>mineralized rock samples, and the distribution of the suites corresponds to </span><span>the distribution of known types of deposits and to the general geology of the </span><span>region. </span></p><p><span>Multi-element geochemical anomalies are prominent in the Pilot Mountains, Monte Cristo Range, Paradise Range, Lone Mountain, northeastern Toiyabe Range, Cedar Mountains, and Toquima Range. Strongest multi-element anomalies are associated with plutonic rocks in the western part of the quadrangle. Two base-metal suites are enriched in and around plutons: (1) Bi + W + Pb + Mo ± As, Cu, Sb, a suite that resembles metals enriched in rocks samples from skarn deposits; and (2) Pb + Mo ± As,Cu,Sb, which resembles base-metal enrichments in sulfide vein and replacement deposits, generally associated with intrusions. A third variety of base-metal enrichment that contains Ag is distinguished for its possible economic importance. This Ag-Pb-rich suite occurs both near plutons and in volcanic terrane and generally is near areas of known Ag-rich polymetallic deposits. </span></p><p><span>Many sites are characterized by modest enrichments of two to five elements in the suite As-Mo-Sb-Zn-Ag that resemble enrichments in epithermal ore deposits. Many anomalies of this type are from drainages underlain by Tertiary welded tuff, commonly lacking alteration and mineral prospects. Some of these anomalous sites correlate with areas of known epithermal deposits or siliceous alteration of calcareous rocks, thus this suite may be a guide to precious-metal deposits if there is supporting geologic evidence. </span></p><p><span>The results from regional sampling of stream sediments, utilizing the &lt;0.25-mm fraction and nonmagnetic heavy-mineral-concentrate media, effectively outline most areas of known deposits or alteration in the Tonopah quadrangle. Some clusters of anomalies are larger than the area of known mineral prospects, suggesting that other deposits remain to be discovered. This regional geochemical information is most effective for exploration and resource analysis when integrated with other geologic information, especially rock alteration. </span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr87595","usgsCitation":"Nash, J., 1987, Interpretation of the regional geochemistry of the Tonopah 1 degree by 2 degrees Quadrangle, Nevada, based on analytical results from stream-sediment and nonmagnetic heavy-mineral-concentrate samples: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-595, Report: 41 p.; 1 Plate: 35.84 x 26.34 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr87595.","productDescription":"Report: 41 p.; 1 Plate: 35.84 x 26.34 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":383745,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0595/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":148691,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0595/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","city":"Tonopah","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.35595703124999,\n              38.013476231041935\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.0703125,\n              38.013476231041935\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.0703125,\n              38.11727165830543\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.35595703124999,\n              38.11727165830543\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.35595703124999,\n              38.013476231041935\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dae4b07f02db5e01ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nash, J. T.","contributorId":31751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nash","given":"J. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":15073,"text":"ofr86543 - 1987 - Estimation of the recharge area contributing water to a pumped well in a glacial-drift, river-valley aquifer","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":15073,"text":"ofr86543 - 1987 - Estimation of the recharge area contributing water to a pumped well in a glacial-drift, river-valley aquifer","indexId":"ofr86543","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"title":"Estimation of the recharge area contributing water to a pumped well in a glacial-drift, river-valley aquifer"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2333,"text":"wsp2338 - 1989 - Estimation of the recharge area contributing water to a pumped well in a glacial-drift, river-valley aquifer","indexId":"wsp2338","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"title":"Estimation of the recharge area contributing water to a pumped well in a glacial-drift, river-valley aquifer"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":2333,"text":"wsp2338 - 1989 - Estimation of the recharge area contributing water to a pumped well in a glacial-drift, river-valley aquifer","indexId":"wsp2338","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"title":"Estimation of the recharge area contributing water to a pumped well in a glacial-drift, river-valley aquifer"},"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-27T10:47:25","indexId":"ofr86543","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-543","title":"Estimation of the recharge area contributing water to a pumped well in a glacial-drift, river-valley aquifer","docAbstract":"The highly permeable, unconfined, glacial drift aquifers that occupy most New England river valleys constitute the principal source of drinking water for many communities that obtain part or all of their public water supply from groundwater. Analytical , two-dimensional numerical and three-dimensional numerical models were used to delineate contributing areas of groundwater pollution. These methods of analysis were compared by applying them to hypothetical aquifer having the dimensions and geometry of a typical glacial drift, river valley aquifer. In the model analyses, factors that control the size and shape of a contributing area were varied over ranges of values common to glacial drift aquifers in New England. These controlling factors include the rate of well discharge, rate of recharge to the aquifer from precipitation and from adjacent till and bedrock uplands, distance of a pumping well from a stream or other potential source of induced recharge, degree of hydraulic connection of the aquifer with a stream, horizontal hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer, ratio of horizontal to vertical hydraulic conductivity, and degree of well penetration. Numerical models of valley aquifers are deemed best suited to determine the approximate contributing area of a well because of their capability to simulate more accurately the variable geohydrologic conditions typical of glacial drift valley aquifers. On the basis of results obtained with the two-dimensional numerical model, for which a wide range of hydrologic conditions were simulated, the contributing area in a typical glacial drift, river valley setting for a well pumped at a rate of 1.0 million gal/day--a common pumping rate--can be expected to range from about 0.9 to 1.8 sq mi. Model analysis also shows that the contributing area of pumped wells may be expected to extend to the opposite side of the river and to include significant areas of till uplands adjacent to the aquifer on both sides of the valley. Simulations with the three-dimensional model allow a full delineation of the zone of contribution for a pumped well. For the relatively thin (100 ft or less) unconfined aquifers considered in this analysis, the model showed that the zone of contribution extended throughout the entire saturated thickness of aquifer. (Lantz-PTT)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr86543","usgsCitation":"Morrissey, D.J., 1987, Estimation of the recharge area contributing water to a pumped well in a glacial-drift, river-valley aquifer: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-543, vi, 60 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr86543.","productDescription":"vi, 60 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":369733,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0543/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":148701,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0543/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa4e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morrissey, D. J.","contributorId":51305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrissey","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":14924,"text":"ofr87238 - 1987 - Surface-water-quality assessment of the Yakima River basin, Washington: Project description","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-23T21:42:36.124756","indexId":"ofr87238","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-238","title":"Surface-water-quality assessment of the Yakima River basin, Washington: Project description","docAbstract":"In April 1986, the U.S. Geological Survey began the National Water Quality Assessment program to: (1) provide a nationally consistent description of the current status of water quality, (2) define water quality trends that have occurred over recent decades, and (3) relate past and present water quality conditions to relevant natural features, the history of land and water use, and land management and waste management practices. At present (1987), The National Water Quality Assessment program is in a pilot studies phase, in which assessment concepts and approaches are being tested and modified to prepare for possible full implementation of the program. Seven pilot projects (four surface water projects and three groundwater projects) have been started. The Yakima River basin in Washington is one of the pilot surface water project areas. The Yakima River basin drains in area of 6,155 sq mi and contains about 1,900 river mi of perennial streams. Major land use activities include growing and harvesting timber, dryland pasture grazing, intense farming and irrigated agriculture, and urbanization. Water quality issues that result from these land uses include potentially large concentrations of suspended sediment, bacteria, nutrients, pesticides, and trace elements that may affect water used for human consumption, fish propagation and passage, contact recreation, livestock watering, and irrigation. Data will be collected in a nine year cycle. The first three years of the cycle will be a period of concentrated data acquisition and interpretation. For the next six years, sample collection will be done at a much lower level of intensity to document the occurrence of any gross changes in water quality. This nine year cycle would then be repeated. Three types of sampling activities will be used for data acquisition: fixed location station sampling, synoptic sampling, and intensive reach studies. (Lantz-PTT)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr87238","usgsCitation":"McKenzie, S.W., and Rinella, J.F., 1987, Surface-water-quality assessment of the Yakima River basin, Washington: Project description: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-238, Report: v, 35 p.; 1 Plate: 31.11 × 31.65 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr87238.","productDescription":"Report: v, 35 p.; 1 Plate: 31.11 × 31.65 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":43737,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0238/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":43738,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0238/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":146296,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0238/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":393389,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_17169.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Yakima River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.524,\n              45.972\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.139,\n              45.972\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.139,\n              47.615\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.524,\n              47.615\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.524,\n              45.972\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a4b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKenzie, S. W.","contributorId":66240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenzie","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rinella, J. F.","contributorId":86777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rinella","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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