More than 250 strong-motion accelerograph stations were triggered by the Whittier Narrows, California, earthquake of 1 October 1987. Considering the number of multichannel structural stations in the area of strong shaking, this set of records is one of the more significant in history. Three networks, operated by the U.S. Geological Survey, the California Division of Mines and Geology, and the University of Southern California produced the majority of the records. The excellent performance of the instruments in these and the smaller arrays is attributable to the quality of the maintenance programs and their funding and personnel requirements. Readiness for a magnitude 8 event is directly related to these maintenance programs. Prior to computer analysis of the analog film records, a number of important structural resonant modes can be identified, and frequencies and simple mode shapes have been scaled. The structural records form a basic performance measurement for comparison with larger earthquake response in the future.
","language":"English","publisher":"Earthquake Engineering Research Institute","doi":"10.1193/1.1585465","usgsCitation":"Brady, A., Etheredge, E.C., and Porcella, R.L., 1988, The Whittier Narrows, California earthquake of October 1, 1987: Preliminary assessment of strong ground motion records: Earthquake Spectra, v. 4, no. 1, p. 55-74, https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1585465.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"55","endPage":"74","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220214,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Los Angeles basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.66776592366908,\n 34.37671218769654\n ],\n [\n -118.66776592366908,\n 33.71018161678026\n ],\n [\n -117.8213434794263,\n 33.71018161678026\n ],\n [\n -117.8213434794263,\n 34.37671218769654\n ],\n [\n -118.66776592366908,\n 34.37671218769654\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"4","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1988-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc3a8e4b08c986b32b2dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brady, A. G.","contributorId":61794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brady","given":"A. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Etheredge, E. C.","contributorId":8108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Etheredge","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Porcella, R. L.","contributorId":102869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porcella","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014453,"text":"70014453 - 1988 - Coastal geomorphology of arctic Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:31","indexId":"70014453","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3519,"text":"Technical Council on Cold Regions Engineering Monograph","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coastal geomorphology of arctic Alaska","docAbstract":"The treeless, tundra-plain of northern Alaska merges with the Arctic Ocean along a coastal area characterized by low tundra bluffs, and sparse coastal and delta dunes. Coastal engineering projects that aggrade or degrade permafrost will alter the geomorphology and rates of coastal processes by changing coastal stability. Similarly, projects that modify the ice environment (artificial islands) or the coastal configuration (causeways) will cause nature to readjust to the new process regime, resulting in modification of the coast. In this paper the authors describe the coastal geomorphology from Barrow to the Canadian border. In addition, they provide a general outline and extensive references of the major coastal processes operating in this environment that will be useful on coastal environments elsewhere in the Arctic.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Technical Council on Cold Regions Engineering Monograph","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","isbn":"0872626393; 0872626393","usgsCitation":"Barnes, P.W., Rawlinson, S.E., and Reimnitz, E., 1988, Coastal geomorphology of arctic Alaska: Technical Council on Cold Regions Engineering Monograph, p. 3-30.","startPage":"3","endPage":"30","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225774,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f782e4b0c8380cd4cb63","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnes, Peter W.","contributorId":6042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rawlinson, Stuart E.","contributorId":99708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rawlinson","given":"Stuart","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reimnitz, Erk","contributorId":17963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reimnitz","given":"Erk","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70197264,"text":"70197264 - 1988 - Models of grades and tonnages of some lode tin deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-24T13:05:24","indexId":"70197264","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Models of grades and tonnages of some lode tin deposits","docAbstract":"Descriptive and grade/tonnage models have recently been built for many types of deposits. Such models consist of descriptions of mineralogy, host rocks, ore textures, controls, alteration, geochemical signatures, age, and tectonic settings, together with statistical models of grades, tonnages, and contained metal of deposits of each type. The models are used to identify areas that may contain undiscovered deposits of given types, to convey to non-geologists an idea of the importance of such deposits, and to test and refine classifications of mineral deposits.
Descriptive and grade/tonnage models have recently been built for five types of primary tin deposits: rhyolite-hosted such as in Mexico; hydrothermal lodes such as in Cornwall, England, and the Herberton district, Queensland; replacement (or exhalative?) such as Renison Bell, Tasmania; skarn such as at Lost River, Alaska; and greisen such as in the Erzgebirge. Analyses of frequency distributions of tonnage, contained metal, tin grades and the relationships between these variables show that the deposits fall into four well-defined domains that have definite geological characteristics. Rhyolite-hosted, or Mexican, deposits contain a median of 4 t of tin and have a median grade of 0.4% Sn. Hydrothermal lode deposits have the highest grades. Half of such deposits have grades over 1.0% Sn, and the majority contain more than 1,000 t Sn. Large hydrothermal vein deposits contain more than 50,000 t Sn. Replacement (or exhalative?) deposits contain the largest amount of tin (median = 40,000 t). They are only of slightly lower grade (median = 0.80% Sn) than the hydrothermal lodes. Greisen or stockwork deposits have larger tonnages than replacement deposits, but contain less tin (median = 25,000 t).They are also of much lower grade (median = 0.3% Sn). Though grades and tonnages are available for only four skarn deposits, they appear to be more like greisen deposits than replacement deposits when compared using grades, tonnage and contained tin.
Although these individual models of primary tin deposits must be regarded as preliminary because of the relatively small number of deposits upon which they are built, they clearly demonstrate differences among types and provide basic information that can be useful in making decisions about exploration strategy, land classification, and tin supply.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology of tin deposits in Asia and the Pacific","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-3-642-72765-8_4","usgsCitation":"Menzie, W., Reed, B., and Singer, D.A., 1988, Models of grades and tonnages of some lode tin deposits, chap. of Geology of tin deposits in Asia and the Pacific, p. 73-88, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72765-8_4.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"73","endPage":"88","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354465,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b15af92e4b092d9651e2330","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Menzie, W. D.","contributorId":52916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Menzie","given":"W. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":736462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reed, B.L.","contributorId":29434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":736463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Singer, Donald A. dsinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":5601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"Donald","email":"dsinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":736464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70013694,"text":"70013694 - 1988 - On low-frequency errors of uniformly modulated filtered white-noise models for ground motions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-13T15:23:09","indexId":"70013694","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1434,"text":"Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On low-frequency errors of uniformly modulated filtered white-noise models for ground motions","docAbstract":"Low-frequency errors of a commonly used non-stationary stochastic model (uniformly modulated filtered white-noise model) for earthquake ground motions are investigated. It is shown both analytically and by numerical simulation that uniformly modulated filter white-noise-type models systematically overestimate the spectral response for periods longer than the effective duration of the earthquake, because of the built-in low-frequency errors in the model. The errors, which are significant for low-magnitude short-duration earthquakes, can be eliminated by using the filtered shot-noise-type models (i. e. white noise, modulated by the envelope first, and then filtered).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/eqe.4290160307","issn":"03756297","usgsCitation":"Safak, E., and Boore, D.M., 1988, On low-frequency errors of uniformly modulated filtered white-noise models for ground motions: Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, v. 16, no. 3, p. 381-388, https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4290160307.","startPage":"381","endPage":"388","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220389,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269244,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4290160307"}],"volume":"16","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-12-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a69e6e4b0c8380cd73f74","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Safak, Erdal","contributorId":73984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Safak","given":"Erdal","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boore, David M. boore@usgs.gov","contributorId":2509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boore","given":"David","email":"boore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":366656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013647,"text":"70013647 - 1988 - Late Wisconsinan-Holocene paleogeography of Delaware Bay; a large coastal plain estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-30T22:36:12.525238","indexId":"70013647","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Wisconsinan-Holocene paleogeography of Delaware Bay; a large coastal plain estuary","docAbstract":"Analyses of an extensive grid of seismic reflection profiles along with previously published core data and modern sedimentary environment information from surrounding coastal areas permit an outline of the paleogeography of the large Delaware Bay estuary during the last transgression of sea level. During late Wisconsinan times, the Delaware River system eroded a dendritic drainage pattern into the gravelly and muddy sands of Tertiary and younger age beneath the southern half of the lower bay area. This system included the trunk valley of the ancestral river and a large tributary valley formed by the convergence of secondary streams along the Delaware coast. The evolution of the estuary from this drainage system proceeded as follows: (1) When local relative sea level was at -50 m, the head of the tide reached the present bay-mouth area. (2) At -40 m (possibly 15,000-12,000 yrs ago), the trunk valley of the drainage system was a tidal river that extended more than 30 km up the bay, and a small contiguous inlet existed at the bay mouth. (3) At -30 m (approximately 11,000-10,000 yrs ago), the estuary comprised two narrow passages formed by the drowning of the main and tributary river valleys, and the bay-mouth inlet was 5-6 km wide. (4) At -20 m (between 8000 and 7000 yrs ago), the two passages of the estuary were joined, except for a series of small islands on top of a low intervening ridge, and the inlet channel was 11 km wide. (5) At -10 m (between 6000 and 5000 yrs ago), the estuary was nearly continuous and encompassed about 60% of the present lower bay area. Thin, coarse-grained fluvial deposits accumulated initially within the main channels of the former drainage system as base level was elevated by rising sea level. During the subsequent development of the estuary, clayey silts were deposited rapidly beneath the nontidal estuarine depocenter (turbidity maximum) as it migrated through the bay area, and organic muds accumulated in tidal wetlands that occupied the mouths of tributaries and small marginal embayments. As the fetch and tidal prism of the estuary increased, narrow barrier and headland beaches, composed of fine to coarse sands, were formed locally along the bay shorelines. In the later stages of development, sediment scour, reworking and transport became the dominant processes within the open estuary. Data from this study demonstrate the great temporal and spatial variability of sedimentary deposits within large drowned river-valley estuaries and outline a model that can be used to interpret ancient estuarine strata. ?? 1988.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-3227(88)90055-2","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Knebel, H., Fletcher, C., and Kraft, J., 1988, Late Wisconsinan-Holocene paleogeography of Delaware Bay; a large coastal plain estuary: Marine Geology, v. 83, no. 1-4, p. 115-133, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(88)90055-2.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"115","endPage":"133","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":220550,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Delaware Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.48161565019512,\n 39.348130187297784\n ],\n [\n -75.48161565019512,\n 38.74867521775795\n ],\n [\n -74.8564927492127,\n 38.74867521775795\n ],\n [\n -74.8564927492127,\n 39.348130187297784\n ],\n [\n -75.48161565019512,\n 39.348130187297784\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"83","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4543e4b0c8380cd67182","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knebel, H.J.","contributorId":79092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knebel","given":"H.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fletcher, C.H. III","contributorId":85721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fletcher","given":"C.H.","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kraft, J.C.","contributorId":69300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraft","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70013821,"text":"70013821 - 1988 - Detailed record of SO2 emissions from Pu'u `O`o between episodes 33 and 34 of the 1983-86 ERZ eruption, Kilauea, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:39","indexId":"70013821","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detailed record of SO2 emissions from Pu'u `O`o between episodes 33 and 34 of the 1983-86 ERZ eruption, Kilauea, Hawaii","docAbstract":"A tripod-mounted correlation spectrometer was used to measure SO2 emissions from Pu`u `O`o vent, mid-ERZ, Kilauea, Hawaii between Episodes 33 and 34 (June 13 to July 6, 1985). In 24 repose days, 906 measurements were collected, averaging 38 determinations/day. Measurements reflect 13% of the total 576 hours of the repose and 42% of the bright daylight hours. The average SO2 emission for the 24-day repose interval is 167??83 t/d, a total of 4000 tonnes emitted for the entire repose. The large standard deviation reflects the \"puffing\" character of the plume. The overall rate of SO2 degassing gently decreased with a zero-intercept of 44-58 days and was interrupted by two positive peaks. The data are consistent with the gas emanating from a cylindrical conduit of 50 meter diameter and a length of 1700 meters which degasses about 50% of its SO2 during 24 days. This is in support of the Pu'u `O`o model of Greenland et al. (1987). 36 hours before the onset of Episode 34 (July 5-6, 1985), elevated SO2 emissions were detected while the magma column was extremely active ultimately spilling over during dome fountaining. A \"mid-repose\" anomaly of SO2 emission (June 21-22, 1985) occurs two days before a sudden increase in the rate of summit inflation (on June 24, 1985), suggesting magma was simultaneously being injected in both the ERZ and summit reservoir until July 24 when it was channelled only to the summit reservoir. This implies degassing magma is sensitive to perturbations within the rift zone conduit system and may at times reflect these disturbances. Periods of 7-45 min are detected in the daily SO2 emissions, which possibly reflect timing of convective overturn in the cylindrical magma body. If the 33-34 repose interval is considered representative of other repose periods, the ERZ reposes of Jan 1983-Jan 1986 ERZ activity, contributed 1.6 ?? 105 tonnes of SO2 to the atmosphere. Including summit fuming from non-eruptive fumaroles (2.7 ?? 105 tonnes SO2); 28% of the total SO2 budget from Kilauea between Jan 1983 to Jan 1986 was contributed by quiescent degassing, and the remainder was released during explosive fountaining episodes. ?? 1988 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Volcanology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF01047485","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Chartier, T., Rose, W.I., and Stokes, J.B., 1988, Detailed record of SO2 emissions from Pu'u `O`o between episodes 33 and 34 of the 1983-86 ERZ eruption, Kilauea, Hawaii: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 50, no. 4, p. 215-228, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01047485.","startPage":"215","endPage":"228","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":204985,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01047485"},{"id":219882,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ff54e4b0c8380cd4f122","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chartier, T.A.","contributorId":10546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chartier","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rose, William I. Jr.","contributorId":71556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"William","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stokes, J. B.","contributorId":19182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stokes","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":87313,"text":"87313 - 1988 - Applying the population/area model for planning of large mammal translocations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:59","indexId":"87313","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3645,"text":"Translocation of Wild Animals.","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Applying the population/area model for planning of large mammal translocations","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Translocation of Wild Animals.","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wisconsin Humane Society; Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute","publisherLocation":"Madison, WI","usgsCitation":"Schonewald-Cox, C., Baker, R., and Bayless, J., 1988, Applying the population/area model for planning of large mammal translocations: Translocation of Wild Animals., p. 52-63.","productDescription":"p. 52-63","startPage":"52","endPage":"63","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128173,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67a3d9","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Nielsen, L.","contributorId":12953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504956,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, R.D. Jr.","contributorId":19997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"R.D.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504957,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Schonewald-Cox, C.","contributorId":91433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schonewald-Cox","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baker, R.J.","contributorId":85915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bayless, J.W.","contributorId":15547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bayless","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":96507,"text":"96507 - 1988 - A simulation model of coal mining effects on cottonwood tree Growth in the Powder River Basin of Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:54","indexId":"96507","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"A simulation model of coal mining effects on cottonwood tree Growth in the Powder River Basin of Wyoming","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","publisher":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","collaboration":"Technical report to Antelope Coal Company, Douglas, Wyoming;","usgsCitation":"McEachern, K., 1988, A simulation model of coal mining effects on cottonwood tree Growth in the Powder River Basin of Wyoming.","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127430,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a6480","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McEachern, K.","contributorId":67438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McEachern","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013842,"text":"70013842 - 1988 - The information content of high-frequency seismograms and the near-surface geologic structure of \"hard rock\" recording sites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:25","indexId":"70013842","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3209,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The information content of high-frequency seismograms and the near-surface geologic structure of \"hard rock\" recording sites","docAbstract":"Due to hardware developments in the last decade, the high-frequency end of the frequency band of seismic waves analyzed for source mechanisms has been extended into the audio-frequency range (>20 Hz). In principle, the short wavelengths corresponding to these frequencies can provide information about the details of seismic sources, but in fact, much of the \"signal\" is the site response of the nearsurface. Several examples of waveform data recorded at \"hard rock\" sites, which are generally assumed to have a \"flat\" transfer function, are presented to demonstrate the severe signal distortions, including fmax, produced by near-surface structures. Analysis of the geology of a number of sites indicates that the overall attenuation of high-frequency (>1 Hz) seismic waves is controlled by the whole-path-Q between source and receiver but the presence of distinct fmax site resonance peaks is controlled by the nature of the surface layer and the underlying near-surface structure. Models of vertical decoupling of the surface and nearsurface and horizontal decoupling of adjacent sites on hard rock outcrops are proposed and their behaviour is compared to the observations of hard rock site response. The upper bound to the frequency band of the seismic waves that contain significant source information which can be deconvolved from a site response or an array response is discussed in terms of fmax and the correlation of waveform distortion with the outcrop-scale geologic structure of hard rock sites. It is concluded that although the velocity structures of hard rock sites, unlike those of alluvium sites, allow some audio-frequency seismic energy to propagate to the surface, the resulting signals are a highly distorted, limited subset of the source spectra. ?? 1988 Birkha??user Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Birkha??user-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF01772604","issn":"00334553","usgsCitation":"Cranswick, E., 1988, The information content of high-frequency seismograms and the near-surface geologic structure of \"hard rock\" recording sites: Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH, v. 128, no. 1-2, p. 333-363, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01772604.","startPage":"333","endPage":"363","numberOfPages":"31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":204978,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01772604"},{"id":219836,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"128","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bad43e4b08c986b323ac9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cranswick, E.","contributorId":85948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cranswick","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013726,"text":"70013726 - 1988 - Regression estimates for topological‐hydrograph input","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-23T14:38:34.704288","indexId":"70013726","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2501,"text":"Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regression estimates for topological‐hydrograph input","docAbstract":"Physiographic, hydrologic, and rainfall data from 18 small drainage basins in semiarid, central Wyoming were used to calibrate topological, unit‐hydrograph models for celerity, the average rate of travel of a flood wave through the basin. The data set consisted of basin characteristics and hydrologic data for the 18 basins and rainfall data for 68 storms. Calibrated values of celerity and peak discharges subsequently were regressed as a function of the basin characteristics and excess rainfall volume. Predicted values obtained in this way can be used as input for estimating hydrographs in ungaged basins. The regression models included ordinary least‐squares and seemingly unrelated regression. This latter regression model jointly estimated the celerity and peak discharge. The correlation between residuals of the celerity and peak‐discharge regressions was sufficiently large to de‐, crease the variances of estimated univariate‐model parameters.
","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(1988)114:4(446)","issn":"07339496","usgsCitation":"Karlinger, M.R., Guertin, D.P., and Troutman, B., 1988, Regression estimates for topological‐hydrograph input: Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, v. 114, no. 4, p. 446-456, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(1988)114:4(446).","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"446","endPage":"456","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220111,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"114","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9340e4b0c8380cd80ce2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Karlinger, Michael R.","contributorId":10777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karlinger","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guertin, D. Phillip","contributorId":46062,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guertin","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Phillip","affiliations":[{"id":12625,"text":"School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":366732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Troutman, Brent M.","contributorId":41040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Troutman","given":"Brent M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014771,"text":"70014771 - 1988 - The seismic radiation from composite models of faulting","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-27T23:48:59.872901","indexId":"70014771","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The seismic radiation from composite models of faulting","docAbstract":"The failure of an asperity, i.e., the dynamic rupture of a small fault area with finite stress drop surrounded by a broken or weak fault area which has no stress drop but which slips after the asperity fails, is proposed as a model for the rupture process of a subevent in a composite earthquake. The rupture area of the composite earthquake surrounding the subevent is modeled by the weak fault area surrounding the asperity in the subevent model. The resulting seismic moment of the subevent is proportional to the stress drop and the rupture area of the subevent, as well as the radius of the composite earthaquake. By setting the stress drops of the asperity models equal to the dynamic stress drops of the subevents, the composite earthquake can be modeled as the sum of a set of subevents which cover the rupture area of the composite earthquake. The scaling of the high- and low-frequency radiation from composite earthquakes composed of asperities is commensurate with generally observed spectral scaling laws, in contrast to composite earthquakes composed of cracks, or smaller earthquakes. A simple filtering strategy is proposed for filtering the waveforms radiated by cracks to approximate the waveforms radiated by asperities. The P and S waves radiated by an ML = 5.2 earthquake which occurred on 9 May 1983, at Coalinga, California, are simulated using the P and S waves radiated by an ML = 3.6 aftershock. The aftershock waveforms are first filtered to approximate the radiation from asperities with the appropriate rupture areas, and then the waveforms of 12 asperity subevents are summed together to simulate the waveforms and spectra of the composite earthquake.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0780020489","usgsCitation":"Boatwright, J., 1988, The seismic radiation from composite models of faulting: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 78, no. 2, p. 489-508, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0780020489.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"489","endPage":"508","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":422211,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/ssa/bssa/article/78/2/489/119046/The-seismic-radiation-from-composite-models-of"},{"id":225529,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"78","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb008e4b08c986b324ba8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boatwright, J.","contributorId":87297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boatwright","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013813,"text":"70013813 - 1988 - Fluid inclusions in vadose cement with consistent vapor to liquid ratios, Pleistocene Miami Limestone, southeastern Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-03T16:11:14.614081","indexId":"70013813","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fluid inclusions in vadose cement with consistent vapor to liquid ratios, Pleistocene Miami Limestone, southeastern Florida","docAbstract":"Vadose cements in the Late Pleistocene Miami Limestone contain regions with two-phase aqueous fluid inclusions that have consistent vapor to liquid (V-L) ratios. When heated, these seemingly primary inclusions homogenize to a liquid phase in a range between 75°C and 130°C (mean = 100°C) and have final melting temperatures between −0.3° and 0.0°C. The original distribution of Th was broadened during measurements because of fluid inclusion reequilibration. The narrow range of Th in these fluid inclusions suggest unusually consistent V-L ratios. They occur with small, obscure, single phase liquid-filled inclusions, which infer a low temperature origin (less than 60°C), and contradict the higher temperature origin implied by the two phase inclusions.
The diagenetic environment producing these seemingly primary fluid inclusions can be inferred from the origin of the host calcite enclosing them. The δ18O composition of these cements (−4 to−5.5%., PDB) and the fresh water in the fluid inclusions are consistent with precipitation from low-temperature meteoric water. The carbon-isotope composition of the vadose cements that contain only rare two-phase fluid inclusions are comparable to the host rock matrix (δ13C between 0 and +4%., PDB). Cements that contain common two-phase fluid-inclusions have a distinctly lighter carbon isotopic composition of −3 to −5%.. The carbon isotope composition of cements that contain common two-phase inclusions are about 6%. lighter than those of other vadose cements; models of early meteoric diagenesis indicate that this is the result of precipitation from water that has been influenced by soil gas CO2.
Our hypothesis is that the primary fluid inclusions, those with consistent V-L ratios and the single-phase liquid inclusions, form at near-surface temperature (25°C) and pressure when consistent proportions of soil gas and meteoric water percolating through the vadose zone are trapped within elongate vacuoles.
This study corroborates that Th measurements on two phase inclusions in vadose cements can be misleading evidence of thermal diagenesis, even if the measurements are well grouped.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(88)90256-6","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Barker, C., and Halley, R.B., 1988, Fluid inclusions in vadose cement with consistent vapor to liquid ratios, Pleistocene Miami Limestone, southeastern Florida: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 52, no. 5, p. 1019-1025, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(88)90256-6.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1019","endPage":"1025","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220668,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1277e4b0c8380cd542fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barker, C.E.","contributorId":69991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barker","given":"C.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Halley, R. B.","contributorId":87941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halley","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014303,"text":"70014303 - 1988 - Near-infrared reflectance spectra of mixtures of kaolin-group minerals: Use in clay mineral studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-27T11:08:53","indexId":"70014303","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1245,"text":"Clays and Clay Minerals","onlineIssn":"1552-8367","printIssn":"0009-8604","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Near-infrared reflectance spectra of mixtures of kaolin-group minerals: Use in clay mineral studies","docAbstract":"Near-infrared (NIR) reflectance spectra for mixtures of ordered kaolinite and ordered dickite have been found to simulate the spectral response of disordered kaolinite. The amount of octahedral vacancy disorder in nine disordered kaolinite samples was estimated by comparing the sample spectra to the spectra of reference mixtures. The resulting estimates are consistent with previously published estimates of vacancy disorder for similar kaolin minerals that were modeled from calculated X-ray diffraction patterns. The ordered kaolinite and dickite samples used in the reference mixtures were carefully selected to avoid undesirable particle size effects that could bias the spectral results.
NIR spectra were also recorded for laboratory mixtures of ordered kaolinite and halloysite to assess whether the spectra could be potentially useful for determining mineral proportions in natural physical mixtures of these two clays. Although the kaolinite-halloysite proportions could only be roughly estimated from the mixture spectra, the halloysite component was evident even when halloysite was present in only minor amounts. A similar approach using NIR spectra for laboratory mixtures may have applications in other studies of natural clay mixtures.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Clay Mineral Society","doi":"10.1346/CCMN.1988.0360404","usgsCitation":"Crowley, J.K., and Vergo, N., 1988, Near-infrared reflectance spectra of mixtures of kaolin-group minerals: Use in clay mineral studies: Clays and Clay Minerals, v. 36, no. 4, p. 310-316, https://doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.1988.0360404.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"310","endPage":"316","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226212,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a63fbe4b0c8380cd727dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crowley, James K.","contributorId":10928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crowley","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vergo, Norma","contributorId":18394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vergo","given":"Norma","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013817,"text":"70013817 - 1988 - Generalized viscoplastic modeling of debris flow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-12T21:53:37.222328","indexId":"70013817","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2338,"text":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Generalized viscoplastic modeling of debris flow","docAbstract":"Various concepts have been proposed or used in the development of Theological models for debris flow. The earliest model developed by Bagnold was based on the concept of the “dispersive” pressure generated by grain collisions. Bagnold's concept appears to be theoretically sound, but his empirical model has been found to be inconsistent with most theoretical models developed from non‐Newtonian fluid mechanics. Although the generality of Bagnold's model is still at issue, debris‐flow modelers in Japan have generally accepted Takahashi's formulas derived from Bagnold's model. Some efforts have recently been made by theoreticians in non‐Newtonian fluid mechanics to modify or improve Bagnold's concept or model. A viable rheological model should consist both of a rate‐independent part and a ratedependent part. A generalized viscoplastic fluid (GVF) model that has both parts as well as two major rheological properties (i.e., the normal stress effect and soil yield criterion) is shown to be sufficiently accurate, yet practical, for general use in debris‐flow modeling. In fact, Bagnold's model is found to be only a particular case of the GVF model. Analytical solutions for (steady) uniform debris flows in wide channels are obtained from the GVF model based on Bagnold's simplified assumption of constant grain concentration.
","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1988)114:3(237)","issn":"07339429","usgsCitation":"Chen, C., 1988, Generalized viscoplastic modeling of debris flow: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, v. 114, no. 3, p. 237-258, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1988)114:3(237).","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"237","endPage":"258","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219826,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"114","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a144ae4b0c8380cd549a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chen, Cheng-lung","contributorId":30752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"Cheng-lung","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014699,"text":"70014699 - 1988 - Gravity-induced stresses in stratified rock masses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:35","indexId":"70014699","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3306,"text":"Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gravity-induced stresses in stratified rock masses","docAbstract":"This paper presents closed-form solutions for the stress field induced by gravity in anisotropic and stratified rock masses. These rocks are assumed to be laterally restrained. The rock mass consists of finite mechanical units, each unit being modeled as a homogeneous, transversely isotropic or isotropic linearly elastic material. The following results are found. The nature of the gravity induced stress field in a stratified rock mass depends on the elastic properties of each rock unit and how these properties vary with depth. It is thermodynamically admissible for the induced horizontal stress component in a given stratified rock mass to exceed the vertical stress component in certain units and to be smaller in other units; this is not possible for the classical unstratified isotropic solution. Examples are presented to explore the nature of the gravity induced stress field in stratified rock masses. It is found that a decrease in rock mass anisotropy and a stiffening of rock masses with depth can generate stress distributions comparable to empirical hyperbolic distributions previously proposed in the literature. ?? 1988 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF01019673","issn":"07232632","usgsCitation":"Amadei, B., Swolfs, H., and Savage, W.Z., 1988, Gravity-induced stresses in stratified rock masses: Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, v. 21, no. 1, p. 1-20, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01019673.","startPage":"1","endPage":"20","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205626,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01019673"},{"id":225397,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2a43e4b0c8380cd5b017","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Amadei, B.","contributorId":86902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amadei","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swolfs, H.S.","contributorId":70759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swolfs","given":"H.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Savage, W. Z.","contributorId":106481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70013777,"text":"70013777 - 1988 - Assimilation of granite by basaltic magma at Burnt Lava flow, Medicine Lake volcano, northern California: Decoupling of heat and mass transfer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:37","indexId":"70013777","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assimilation of granite by basaltic magma at Burnt Lava flow, Medicine Lake volcano, northern California: Decoupling of heat and mass transfer","docAbstract":"At Medicine Lake volcano, California, andesite of the Holocene Burnt Lava flow has been produced by fractional crystallization of parental high alumina basalt (HAB) accompanied by assimilation of granitic crustal material. Burnt Lava contains inclusions of quenched HAB liquid, a potential parent magma of the andesite, highly melted granitic crustal xenoliths, and xenocryst assemblages which provide a record of the fractional crystallization and crustal assimilation process. Samples of granitic crustal material occur as xenoliths in other Holocene and Pleistocene lavas, and these xenoliths are used to constrain geochemical models of the assimilation process. A large amount of assimilation accompanied fractional crystallization to produce the contaminated Burnt lava andesites. Models which assume that assimilation and fractionation occurred simultaneously estimate the ratio of assimilation to fractional crystallization (R) to be >1 and best fits to all geochemical data are at an R value of 1.35 at F=0.68. Petrologic evidence, however, indicates that the assimilation process did not involve continuous addition of granitic crust as fractionation occurred. Instead, heat and mass transfer were separated in space and time. During the assimilation process, HAB magma underwent large amounts of fractional crystallization which was not accompanied by significant amounts of assimilation. This fractionation process supplied heat to melt granitic crust. The models proposed to explain the contamination process involve fractionation, replenishment by parental HAB, and mixing of evolved and parental magmas with melted granitic crust. ?? 1988 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00375365","issn":"00107999","usgsCitation":"Grove, T., Kinzler, R., Baker, M.B., Donnelly-Nolan, J., and Lesher, C., 1988, Assimilation of granite by basaltic magma at Burnt Lava flow, Medicine Lake volcano, northern California: Decoupling of heat and mass transfer: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 99, no. 3, p. 320-343, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00375365.","startPage":"320","endPage":"343","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205005,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00375365"},{"id":220115,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"99","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee8ce4b0c8380cd49dfa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grove, T.L.","contributorId":22088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grove","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kinzler, R.J.","contributorId":47909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinzler","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baker, M. B.","contributorId":76068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Donnelly-Nolan, J.M.","contributorId":104936,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Donnelly-Nolan","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lesher, C.E.","contributorId":28217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lesher","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70014767,"text":"70014767 - 1988 - Failure of self-similarity for large (Mw > 81/4) earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-27T23:50:55.18925","indexId":"70014767","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Failure of self-similarity for large (Mw > 81/4) earthquakes","docAbstract":"Compares teleseismic P-wave records for earthquakes in the magnitude range from 6.0-9.5 with synthetics for a self-similar, omega 2 source model and conclude that the energy radiated by very large earthquakes (Mw > 81/4) is not self-similar to that radiated from smaller earthquakes (Mw < 81/4). Furthermore, in the period band from 2 sec to several tens of seconds, it is concluded that large subduction earthquakes have an average spectral decay rate of omega -1.5. This spectral decay rate is consistent with a previously noted tendency of the omega 2 model to overestimate Ms for large earthquakes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0780020478","usgsCitation":"Hartzell, S., and Heaton, T.H., 1988, Failure of self-similarity for large (Mw > 81/4) earthquakes: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 78, no. 2, p. 478-488, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0780020478.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"478","endPage":"488","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225466,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"78","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1988-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0edfe4b0c8380cd5367b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hartzell, S.H.","contributorId":27426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartzell","given":"S.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heaton, T. H.","contributorId":64671,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heaton","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013738,"text":"70013738 - 1988 - Thermal modelling of stepwise anatexis in a thrust-thickened sialic crust","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-17T15:58:23","indexId":"70013738","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3642,"text":"Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thermal modelling of stepwise anatexis in a thrust-thickened sialic crust","docAbstract":"One-dimensional modelling of the thermal history of a sialic crust thickened by multiple overstack thrusting of upper crustal material shows that anatexis is likely. both the uplift rate and the length of the incubation period between end of tectonism and start of uplift are important controls on the amount and temperature of the melt. Heat of fusion does not significantly affect the long-term thermal structure of the crust if the melt is not extracted because only a small fraction of conductive heat is converted to latent heat, though short-term thermal effects of latent heat can be locally important. Model results show that commonly <15% of mantle heat flux is converted to latent heat; even during peak melting in the most productive models, less than half of incremental mantle flux is converted. The results have obvious implications on the acceptability of proposed heat sources for crustal anatexis. Fusion could retard crustal temperature rise by nearly 100??C, but the system would recover except for situations of very rapid uplift. Understanding of the thermal evolution of a burial-uplift system requires knowledge not only of the timing of anatexis but of the pooling and movement of the magma, as well as the duration and nature of the incubation period; we are poorly equipped to measure these events. The model predicts that the characteristic time for anatexis is a thickened sialic crust is several tens of millions of years, comparable to the time lapse between orogenies; in making geological interpretations of magmatism, this time lag must be considered. -Author","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Earth Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1017/S0263593300014231","usgsCitation":"Zen, E., 1988, Thermal modelling of stepwise anatexis in a thrust-thickened sialic crust: Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Earth Sciences, v. 79, no. 2-3, p. 223-235, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0263593300014231.","startPage":"223","endPage":"235","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220331,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269498,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0263593300014231"}],"volume":"79","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-11-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb24de4b08c986b3256ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zen, E-An","contributorId":47064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zen","given":"E-An","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014328,"text":"70014328 - 1988 - The chemical evolution of a travertine-depositing stream: Geochemical processes and mass transfer reactions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T11:05:36","indexId":"70014328","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The chemical evolution of a travertine-depositing stream: Geochemical processes and mass transfer reactions","docAbstract":"This field study focuses on quantitatively defining the chemical changes occurring in Falling Spring Creek, a travertine-depositing stream located in Alleghany County, Virginia. The processes of CO2outgassing and calcite precipitation or dissolution control the chemical evolution of the stream. The observed chemical composition of the water was used with the computerized geochemical model WATEQF to calculate aqueous speciation, saturation indices, and CO2 partial pressure values. Mass balance calculations were performed to obtain mass transfers of CO2 and calcite. Reaction times, estimated from stream discharge, were used with the mass transfer results to calculate rates of CO2, outgassing and calcite precipitation between consecutive sampling points. The stream, which is fed by a carbonate spring, is supersaturated with respect to CO2 along the entire 5.2-km flow path. Outgassing of CO2 drives the solution to high degrees of supersaturation with respect to calcite. Metabolic uptake of CO2 by photosynthetic plants is insignificant, because the high supply rate of dissolved carbon dioxide and the extreme agitation of the stream at waterfalls and rapids causes a much greater amount of inorganic CO2 outgassing to occur. Calcite precipitation is kinetically inhibited until near the crest of a 20-m vertical waterfall. Calcite precipitation rates then reach a maximum at the waterfall where greater water turbulence allows the most rapid escape of CO2. Physical evidence for calcite precipitation exists in the travertine deposits which are first observed immediately above the waterfall and extend for at least 1.0 km below the falls. Net calcite precipitation occurs at all times of the year but is greatest during low-flow conditions in the summer and early fall.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR024i009p01541","usgsCitation":"Lorah, M.M., and Herman, J.S., 1988, The chemical evolution of a travertine-depositing stream: Geochemical processes and mass transfer reactions: Water Resources Research, v. 24, no. 9, p. 1541-1552, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR024i009p01541.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1541","endPage":"1552","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225567,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baa2be4b08c986b322740","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lorah, Michelle M. 0000-0002-9236-587X mmlorah@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9236-587X","contributorId":1437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorah","given":"Michelle","email":"mmlorah@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":368129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herman, Janet S.","contributorId":62138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herman","given":"Janet","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014308,"text":"70014308 - 1988 - Simulation technique for modeling flow on floodplains and in coastal wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:32","indexId":"70014308","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Simulation technique for modeling flow on floodplains and in coastal wetlands","docAbstract":"The system design is premised on a proven, areal two-dimensional, finite-difference flow/transport model which is supported by an operational set of computer programs for input data management and model output interpretation. The purposes of the project are (1) to demonstrate the utility of the model for providing useful highway design information, (2) to develop guidelines and procedures for using the simulation system for evaluation, analysis, and optimal design of highway crossings of floodplain and coastal wetland areas, and (3) to identify improvements which can be effected in the simulation system to better serve the needs of highway design engineers. Two case study model implementations, being conducted to demonstrate the simulation system and modeling procedure, are presented and discussed briefly.","conferenceTitle":"Hydraulic Engineering: Proceedings of the 1988 National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceDate":"8 August 1988 through 12 August 1988","conferenceLocation":"Colorado Springs, CO, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872626709; 0872626709","usgsCitation":"Schaffranek, R.W., and Baltzer, R.A., 1988, Simulation technique for modeling flow on floodplains and in coastal wetlands, Hydraulic Engineering: Proceedings of the 1988 National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering, Colorado Springs, CO, USA, 8 August 1988 through 12 August 1988, p. 732-739.","startPage":"732","endPage":"739","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225242,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b90c1e4b08c986b319658","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schaffranek, Raymond W.","contributorId":86314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaffranek","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baltzer, Robert A.","contributorId":34269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baltzer","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014285,"text":"70014285 - 1988 - Assessing the Birkenes Model of stream acidification using a multisignal calibration methodology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T11:04:20","indexId":"70014285","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing the Birkenes Model of stream acidification using a multisignal calibration methodology","docAbstract":"A revision of the Birkenes model of streamwater acidification has been attempted to incorporate additional chemical and hydrologic information gained in the last 6 years since its original construction. The first stage of this effort has been an analysis of the hydrologic submodel with the goal of extending it to predict concentrations of a conservative tracer in streamwater. An objective calibration of the model indicated that the model is overparameterized. Only one passive store is identifiabile, not two as currently contained in the model and the routing between the two reservoirs is not determined by the data. Inclusion of the conservative tracer improved the identifiability of the dimensional parameters, but had little effect on the rate or routing parameters. If the hydrologic structure is to be determined from the hydrograph and conservative tracer alone, it must be simplified to eliminate unidentifiable parameters. The validity of using more complex rainfall-runoff models in hydrochemical models which seek to test chemical mechanisms is called into question by this analysis.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR024i008p01308","usgsCitation":"Hooper, R.P., Stone, A., Christophersen, N., Grosbois, D., and Seip, H.M., 1988, Assessing the Birkenes Model of stream acidification using a multisignal calibration methodology: Water Resources Research, v. 24, no. 8, p. 1308-1316, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR024i008p01308.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1308","endPage":"1316","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225946,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ede4e4b0c8380cd49aa5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hooper, Richard P.","contributorId":19144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooper","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stone, Alex","contributorId":198669,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stone","given":"Alex","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Christophersen, Nils","contributorId":198668,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christophersen","given":"Nils","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grosbois, de","contributorId":77668,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grosbois","given":"de","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Seip, Hans M.","contributorId":69720,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seip","given":"Hans","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70014312,"text":"70014312 - 1988 - Determining transit losses for water deliveries by use of stream-aquifer models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:32","indexId":"70014312","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Determining transit losses for water deliveries by use of stream-aquifer models","docAbstract":"Hydrologic modeling of stream-aquifer interaction commonly has been used to quantify transit losses associated with water deliveries, such as those from reservoir storage. This technique requires estimation of model parameters that include stage-discharge relations, channel-storage coefficient, aquifer transmissivity, and aquifer-storage coefficient. Because data to reliably estimate or calibrate these parameters often may be lacking, it is beneficial to know how parameter errors will affect the determination of transit losses. In addition, transit loss varies considerably depending on the duration of the recovery period (time allowed for water to leave channel and bank storage) used in the calculation of hydrograph volume. Sensitivity analysis indicates that recovery period typically is more important to the determination of total transit loss than are errors in the estimated values of channel and aquifer characteristics.","conferenceTitle":"Planning Now for Irrigation and Drainage in the 21st Century","conferenceDate":"18 July 1988 through 21 July 1988","conferenceLocation":"Lincoln, NE, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872626660","usgsCitation":"Livingston, R.K., 1988, Determining transit losses for water deliveries by use of stream-aquifer models, Planning Now for Irrigation and Drainage in the 21st Century, Lincoln, NE, USA, 18 July 1988 through 21 July 1988, p. 165-175.","startPage":"165","endPage":"175","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225306,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fffae4b0c8380cd4f4eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Livingston, Russell K.","contributorId":69582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Livingston","given":"Russell","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013735,"text":"70013735 - 1988 - Climatological observations and predicted sublimation rates at Lake Hoare, Antarctica.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-14T19:09:05","indexId":"70013735","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2216,"text":"Journal of Climate","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climatological observations and predicted sublimation rates at Lake Hoare, Antarctica.","docAbstract":"In December 1985, an automated meteorological station was established at Lake Hoare in the dry valley region of Antarctica. Here, we report on the first year-round observations available for any site in Taylor Valley. This dataset augments the year-round data obtained at Lake Vanda (Wright Valley) by winter-over crews during the late 1960s and early 1970s. The mean annual solar flux at Lake Hoare was 92 W m-2 during 1986, the mean air temperature -17.3 degrees C, and the mean 3-m wind speed 3.3 m s-1. The local climate is controlled by the wind regime during the 4-month sunless winter and by seasonal and diurnal variations in the incident solar flux during the remainder of the year. Temperature increases of 20 degrees-30 degrees C are frequently observed during the winter due to strong fo??hn winds descending from the Polar Plateau. A model incorporating nonsteady molecular diffusion into Kolmogorov-scale eddies in the interfacial layer and similarity-theory flux-profiles in the surface sublayer, is used to determine the rate of ice sublimation from the acquired meteorological data. Despite the frequent occurrence of strong winter fo??hns, the bulk of the annual ablation occurs during the summer due to elevated temperatures and persistent moderate winds. The annual ablation from Lake Hoare is estimated to have been 35.0 +/- 6.3 cm for 1986.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Climate","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"08948755","usgsCitation":"Clow, G., McKay, C., Simmons, G., and Wharton, R., 1988, Climatological observations and predicted sublimation rates at Lake Hoare, Antarctica.: Journal of Climate, v. 1, no. 7, p. 715-728.","startPage":"715","endPage":"728","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220275,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269358,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/pdf/10.1175/1520-0442(1988)001%3C0715%3ACOAPSR%3E2.0.CO%3B2"}],"volume":"1","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f66ce4b0c8380cd4c763","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clow, G.D.","contributorId":46112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clow","given":"G.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKay, C.P.","contributorId":41122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKay","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Simmons, G.M. Jr.","contributorId":6583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simmons","given":"G.M.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wharton, R.A. Jr.","contributorId":56795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wharton","given":"R.A.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70162354,"text":"70162354 - 1988 - History of significant earthquakes in the Parkfield area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-12T10:22:50","indexId":"70162354","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1437,"text":"Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"History of significant earthquakes in the Parkfield area","docAbstract":"Seismicity on the San Andreas fault near Parkfield occurs in a tectonic section that differs markedly from neighboring sections along the San Andreas to the northwest and to the southeast. Northwest of the Parkfield section, small shocks (magnitudes of less than 4) do occur frequently, but San Andreas movement occurs predominantly as aseismic fault creep; shocks of magnitude 6 and larger are unknown, and little, if any, strain is accumulating. In contrast, very few small earthquakes and no aseismic slip have been observed on the adjacent section to the southeast, the Cholame section, which is considered to be locked, in as much as it apparently ruptures exclusively in large earthquakes (magnitudes greater than 7), most recently during the great Fort Tejon earthquake of 1857. The Parkfield section is thus a transition zone between two sections having different modes of fault failure. In fact, the regularity of significant earthquakes at Parkfield since 1857 may be due to the nearly constant slip rate pattern on the adjoining fault sections. Until the magnitude 6.7 Coalinga earthquake on May 2, 1983, 40 kilmoeters northeast of Parkfield, the Parkfield section had been relatively free of stress changes due to nearby shocks; the effect of the Coalinga shock on the timing of the next Parkfield shock is not known.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Bakun, W.H., 1988, History of significant earthquakes in the Parkfield area: Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS), v. 20, no. 2, p. 45-51.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"45","endPage":"51","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":314634,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.72738647460939,\n 35.985785076263035\n ],\n [\n -120.60653686523438,\n 36.04021586880111\n ],\n [\n -120.21514892578125,\n 35.70080152485188\n ],\n [\n -120.35385131835939,\n 35.6126508187567\n ],\n [\n -120.74249267578126,\n 35.97689484748794\n ],\n [\n -120.72738647460939,\n 35.985785076263035\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"20","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a20f49e4b0961cf2811bf1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bakun, W. H.","contributorId":67055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bakun","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}