Analyses indicate that water quality in the San Juan River drainage basin upstream from Shiprock, New Mexico, is quite variable from station to station. Analyses are based on water quality data from the U.S. Geological Survey WATSTORE files and the New Mexico Environmental Improvement Division 's files. In the northeastern part of the basin, most streams are calcium-bicarbonate waters. In the northwestern and southern part of the basin, the streams are calcium-sulfate and sodium-sulfate waters. Geology, climate, and land use and water use affect the water quality. Statistical analysis shows that streamflow, suspended-sediment, dissolved-iron, dissolved-orthophosphate-phosphorus, dissolved-sodium, dissolved-sulfate, and dissolved-manganese concentrations, specific conductance, and pH are highly variable among most stations. Dissolved-radium-226 concentration is the least variable among stations. A trend in one or more water quality constituents for the time period, October 1, 1973, through September 30, 1981, was detected at 15 out of 36 stations tested. The NASQAN stations Animas River at Farmington and San Juan River at Shiprock, New Mexico, record large volumes of flow that represent an integration of the flow from many upstream tributaries. The data collected do not represent what is occurring at specific points upstream in the basin, but do provide accurate information on how water quality is changing over time at the station location. A water quality, streamflow model would be necessary to predict accurately what is occurring simultaneously in the entire basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854043","usgsCitation":"Goetz, C.L., and Abeyta, C.G., 1987, Adequacy of NASQAN data to describe areal and temporal variability of water quality of the San Juan River drainage basin upstream from Shiprock, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4043, ix, 89 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854043.","productDescription":"ix, 89 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124155,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4043/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56211,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4043/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":394920,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36227.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"San Juan River drainage basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109,\n 35.562\n ],\n [\n -106.528,\n 35.562\n ],\n [\n -106.528,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -109,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -109,\n 35.562\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db697591","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goetz, C. L.","contributorId":55845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goetz","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Abeyta, Cynthia G.","contributorId":52187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abeyta","given":"Cynthia","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":27776,"text":"wri864050 - 1987 - Simulation of unsteady flow in the Milwaukee Harbor Estuary at Milwaukee, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-20T13:13:36","indexId":"wri864050","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4050","title":"Simulation of unsteady flow in the Milwaukee Harbor Estuary at Milwaukee, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"This report describes the application and results of an unsteady-flow model for the Milwaukee Harbor Estuary. The model simulates unsteady and upstream flow occurring in the estuary as a result of Lake Michigan Seiche. The discharge computed by the model indicates that upstream flow occurs throughout the estuary during periods of lake seiche. Flow conditions are extremely unsteady and major flow reversals may occur within 1 hr. The simulated discharge indicates that both upstream and downstream flows four times greater than the average daily discharge can occur during the same day. An estimate of 5- or 15-minute average discharge was required during selected runoff events and at various locations in the estuary as part of the Milwaukee Harbor Estuary study. The model provides a method to estimate 5-minute average discharges at selected cross sections in the estuary. The U.S. Geological Survey 's Branch Network Model was used to simulate stage and discharge. A finite difference computation scheme is used to solve the one-dimensional flow equations. Model input requirements include channel geometry data, discharge at the upstream tributaries, and stage data at the estuary mouth. The model was used to simulate the flow during six selected time periods in 1982-84 using a 5- or 15-minute computation interval. (Author 's abstract)
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri864050","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Southeastern Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission","usgsCitation":"House, L.B., 1987, Simulation of unsteady flow in the Milwaukee Harbor Estuary at Milwaukee, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4050, Report: iv, 19 p.; 1 Plate: 19.00 x 25.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864050.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 19 p.; 1 Plate: 19.00 x 25.00 inches","numberOfPages":"25","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":56618,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4050/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":157997,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4050/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56619,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4050/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Milwaukee County","city":"Milwaukee","otherGeospatial":"Milwaukee Harbor","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.92015075683594,\n 42.951396938304164\n ],\n [\n -87.92015075683594,\n 43.09797467469801\n ],\n [\n -87.81372070312499,\n 43.09797467469801\n ],\n [\n -87.81372070312499,\n 42.951396938304164\n ],\n [\n -87.92015075683594,\n 42.951396938304164\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4a96","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"House, L. B.","contributorId":49386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"House","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27644,"text":"wri874155 - 1987 - Discharge ratings for control gates at Mississippi River lock and dam 21, Quincy, Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-04T16:20:19","indexId":"wri874155","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4155","title":"Discharge ratings for control gates at Mississippi River lock and dam 21, Quincy, Illinois","docAbstract":"The water levels of the navigation pools on the Mississippi River are maintained by the operation of tainter and roller gates at the locks and dams. Discharge ratings for the gates on Lock and Dam 21, at Quincy, Illinois, were developed from current meter discharge measurements made in the forebays of the gate structures. Methodology is given to compute the gate openings of the tainter gates accurately. Discharge coefficients , in equations that express discharge as a function of tailwater head, forebay head, and height of gate opening, were determined for conditions of submerged orifice and free weir flow. A comparison of the rating discharges to the hydraulic model rating discharges is given for submerged orifice flow for the tainter and roller gates.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Iowa City","doi":"10.3133/wri874155","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Rock Island District","usgsCitation":"Heinitz, A., 1987, Discharge ratings for control gates at Mississippi River lock and dam 21, Quincy, Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4155, viii, 44 p.: ill.; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874155.","productDescription":"viii, 44 p.: ill.; 28 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":56505,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4155/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":122739,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4155/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","city":"Quincy","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.48967742919922,\n 39.87009092185987\n ],\n [\n -91.48967742919922,\n 39.93619757794848\n ],\n [\n -91.38565063476562,\n 39.93619757794848\n ],\n [\n -91.38565063476562,\n 39.87009092185987\n ],\n [\n -91.48967742919922,\n 39.87009092185987\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae862","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heinitz, A.J.","contributorId":62610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heinitz","given":"A.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27642,"text":"wri874110 - 1987 - Discharge ratings for control gates at Mississippi River Lock and Dam 18, Gladstone, Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-07T15:08:41","indexId":"wri874110","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4110","title":"Discharge ratings for control gates at Mississippi River Lock and Dam 18, Gladstone, Illinois","docAbstract":"The water level of the navigation pools on the Mississippi River are maintained by the operation of tainter and roller gates at the locks and dams. Discharge ratings for the gates on Lock and Dam 18, at Gladstone, Illinois, were developed from current meter discharge measurements made in the forebays of the gate structures. Methodology is given to accurately compute the gate openings of the tainter gate. Discharge coefficients, in equations that express discharge as a function of tailwater head , forebay head, and height of gate opening, were determined for conditions of submerged-orifice and free-weir flow. A comparison of the rating discharges with the hydraulic model rating discharges is given for submerged orifice flow for the tainter and roller gates.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Iowa City","doi":"10.3133/wri874110","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Rock Island District","usgsCitation":"Heinitz, A., 1987, Discharge ratings for control gates at Mississippi River Lock and Dam 18, Gladstone, Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4110, viii, 44 p.: ill., map; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874110.","productDescription":"viii, 44 p.: ill., map; 28 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":56503,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4110/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123173,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4110/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","city":"Gladstone","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.04241371154785,\n 40.87769896474621\n ],\n [\n -91.04241371154785,\n 40.89242901075802\n ],\n [\n -91.01666450500487,\n 40.89242901075802\n ],\n [\n -91.01666450500487,\n 40.87769896474621\n ],\n [\n -91.04241371154785,\n 40.87769896474621\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64aa6a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heinitz, A.J.","contributorId":62610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heinitz","given":"A.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27641,"text":"wri874165 - 1987 - Discharge ratings for control gates at Mississippi River lock and dam 17, New Boston, Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-07T15:02:16","indexId":"wri874165","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4165","title":"Discharge ratings for control gates at Mississippi River lock and dam 17, New Boston, Illinois","docAbstract":"The water levels of the navigation pools on the Mississippi River are maintained by the operation of tainter and roller gates at the locks and dams. Discharge ratings for the gates on Lock and Dam 17, at New Boston, Illinois, were developed from current meter discharge measurements made in the forebays of the gate structures. Methodology is given to compute the gate openings of the tainter gates accurately. Discharge coefficients , in equations that express discharge as a function of tailwater head, forebay head, and height of gate opening, were determined for conditions of submerged orifice and free weir flow. A comparison of the rating discharges to the hydraulic-model rating discharges is given for submerged orifice flow for the tainter and roller gates.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Iowa City","doi":"10.3133/wri874165","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Rock Island District","usgsCitation":"Heinitz, A., 1987, Discharge ratings for control gates at Mississippi River lock and dam 17, New Boston, Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4165, viii, 43 p.: ill., map; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874165.","productDescription":"viii, 43 p.: ill., map; 28 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":56502,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4165/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123054,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4165/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","city":"New Boston","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.07254028320311,\n 41.184274048471615\n ],\n [\n -91.07254028320311,\n 41.19402728852242\n ],\n [\n -91.05134010314941,\n 41.19402728852242\n ],\n [\n -91.05134010314941,\n 41.184274048471615\n ],\n [\n -91.07254028320311,\n 41.184274048471615\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a95a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heinitz, A.J.","contributorId":62610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heinitz","given":"A.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2311,"text":"wsp2234E - 1987 - Shore erosion as a sediment source to the tidal Potomac River, Maryland and Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:20","indexId":"wsp2234E","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2234","chapter":"E","title":"Shore erosion as a sediment source to the tidal Potomac River, Maryland and Virginia","docAbstract":"The shoreline of the tidal Potomac River attained its present form as a result of the Holocene episode of sea-level rise; the drowned margins of the system are modified by wave activity in the shore zone and by slope processes on banks steepened by basal-wave erosion. Shore erosion leaves residual sand and gravel in shallow water and transports silt and clay offshore to form a measurable component of the suspended-sediment load of the tidal Potomac River. \r\n\r\nErosion rates were measured by comparing digitized historical shoreline maps and modern maps, and by comparing stereopairs of aerial photographs taken at different points in time, with the aid of an interactive computer-graphics system and a digitizing stereoplotter. Cartographic comparisons encompassed 90 percent of the study reach and spanned periods of 38 to 109 years, with most measurements spanning at least 84 years. Photogrammetric comparisons encompassed 49 percent of the study reach and spanned 16 to 40 years. Field monitoring of erosion rates and processes at two sites, Swan Point Neck, Maryland, and Mason Neck, Virginia, spanned periods of 10 to 18 months. \r\n\r\n\r\nEstimated average recession rates of shoreline in the estuary, based on cartographic and photogrammetric measurements, were 0.42 to 0.52 meter per annum (Virginia shore) and 0.31 to 0.41 meter per annum (Maryland shore). Average recession rates of shoreline in the tidal river and transition zone were close to 0.15 meter per annum. Estimated average volume-erosion rates along the estuary were 1.20 to 1.87 cubic meters per meter of shoreline per annum (Virginia shore) and 0.56 to 0.73 cubic meter per meter of shoreline per annum (Maryland shore); estimated average volume-erosion rates along the shores of the tidal river and transition zone were 0.55 to 0.74 cubic meter per meter of shoreline per annum. \r\n\r\nEstimated total sediment contributed to the tidal Potomac River by shore erosion was 0.375 x 10 6 to 0.565 x 10 6 metric tons per annum; of this, the estimated amount of silt and clay ranged from 0.153x10 6 to 0.226x10 6 metric tons per annum. Between 49 and 60 percent of the sediment was derived from the Virginia shore of the estuary; 14 to 18 percent was derived from the Maryland shore of the estuary; and 23 to 36 percent was derived from the shores of the tidal river and transition zone. The adjusted modern estimate of sediment eroded from the shoreline of the estuary is about 55 percent of the historical estimate.\r\n\r\nSediment eroded from the shoreline accounted for about 6 to 9 percent of the estimated total suspended load for the tidal Potomac River during water years 1979 through 1981 and for about 11 to 18 percent of the suspended load delivered to the estuary during the same period. Annual suspended-sediment loads derived from upland source areas fluctuated by about an order of magnitude during the 3 years of record (1979-81); shore erosion may have been a more important component of the sediment budget during periods of low flow than during periods of higher discharges. Prior to massive land clearance during the historical period of intensive agriculture in the 18th and 19th centuries, annual sediment loads from upland sources probably were smaller than they are at present; under these circumstances shore erosion would have been an important component of the sediment budget. \r\n\r\nAt current rates of sediment supply, relative sea-level rise, and shoreline recession, the landward parts of the tidal Potomac River are rapidly being filled by sediment. If these rates were to remain constant over time, and no sediment were to escape into Chesapeake Bay, the tidal river and transition zone would be filled within 600 years, and the total system would be filled in less than 4,000 years. Given a slower rate of sediment supply, comparable to the measured rate during the low-flow 1981 water year, the volume of the tidal Potomac River might remain relatively stable or even increase over time. Changes in rates","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2234E","usgsCitation":"Miller, A.J., 1987, Shore erosion as a sediment source to the tidal Potomac River, Maryland and Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2234, vi, 45 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2234E.","productDescription":"vi, 45 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137736,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2234e/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28141,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2234e/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fae4b07f02db5f3e42","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Andrew J.","contributorId":7559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30329,"text":"wri864125 - 1987 - Cost effectiveness of the U.S. Geological Survey's stream-gaging program in Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-20T12:57:04","indexId":"wri864125","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4125","title":"Cost effectiveness of the U.S. Geological Survey's stream-gaging program in Wisconsin","docAbstract":"This report presents the results of a three-step evaluation of the stream-gaging program in Wisconsin. First, data uses and funding sources were identified for the 89 continuous-record gaging stations operated during the 1984 water year. Next, alternative methods of streamflow estimation were examined for three stations. A flow-routing model was used for two of the stations and a statistical model was used for the third. The modeled discharges did not compare well enough with observed discharges to warrant elimination of any of the stations. Finally, an optimization model was used to assess the cost effectiveness of the stream-gaging process.
\nThe annual budget, in 1984 dollars, for operating the 89 continuous-record gaging stations and 65 additional stations is $557,3000. Based on a Kalman-filter analysis, the theoretical average standard error of instantaneous discharge associated with the current practice of visiting the stations is 13.8%. This overall level of accuracy could be maintained with a budget of $518,6000 if stream-gaging activities were redistributed in an optimal fashion among the gaging stations. For the current budget, the theoretical average standard error would be reduced to 10.1% if the network is operated in an optimal fashion. Furthermore, the average standard error would be reduced to 7.3% if all missing record is eliminated and the network is operated optimally.
\nA minimum budget of $510,000 is required to operate the program; a budget less than this does not permit proper service and maintenance of the gaging stations. At this minimum budget, the theoretical average standard error of instantaneous discharge is 14.4%. The maximum budget analyzed was $650,000 and resulted in an average standard of error of instantaneous discharge of 7.2%.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri864125","usgsCitation":"Walker, J., Osen, L., and Hughes, P., 1987, Cost effectiveness of the U.S. Geological Survey's stream-gaging program in Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4125, v, 44 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864125.","productDescription":"v, 44 p.","numberOfPages":"49","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124026,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4125/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59122,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4125/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db6866cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walker, J.F.","contributorId":86743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Osen, L.L.","contributorId":46993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osen","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hughes, P.E.","contributorId":104083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"P.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":30228,"text":"wri874184 - 1987 - Surface-geophysical investigations in Melton Valley, Oak Ridge Reservation, Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-22T09:09:48","indexId":"wri874184","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4184","title":"Surface-geophysical investigations in Melton Valley, Oak Ridge Reservation, Tennessee","docAbstract":"Surface geophysical methods were found to be valuable for refining knowledge of the geohydrology of Melton Valley, an area used for burial of low-level radioactive waste at the Oak Ridge Reservation in Tennessee. The valley is characterized by locally complex geologic structures in lithologies of interbedded shale and limestone. Radionuclides have been transported away from the burial areas by groundwater along paths that are, in part, controlled by geologic structures and rock type. Direct current resistivity soundings were used to determine the depth to bedrock and to aid in the delineation of subsurface stratigraphy. Depth to bedrock, as indicated by an increase in resistivity in the interpreted geoelectric layering, was compared to auger-hole data at five sites, where bedrock depths ranged from 1 to 14 ft and were within 3 ft at four sites. The subsurface contact between shale and limestone was indicated by an increase in model calculated resistivity from < 100 to > 150 ohm-meters at four different sites. Terrain conductivity profiles were used to aid in mapping surficial geologic contacts between shale and limestone units. Terrain conductivity for shale at 33-ft coil separation was generally greater than 15 millimhos/m and ranged from about 10 to 40 millimhos/m. Conductivity for limestone was generally < 15 millimhos/m and ranged from 5 to 25 millimhos/m. Azimuthal conductivity surveys indicated that conductivity was generally greatest when the transmitter and receiver coils were oriented parallel to strike. This anisotropy in terrain conductivity shows the need to keep the coil orientation consistent throughout the length of a profile. (Author 's abstract)
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri874184","usgsCitation":"Tucci, P., 1987, Surface-geophysical investigations in Melton Valley, Oak Ridge Reservation, Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4184, iv, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874184.","productDescription":"iv, 29 p.","numberOfPages":"35","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159702,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri874184.jpg"},{"id":310319,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4184/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee","county":"Roane County","otherGeospatial":"Melton Valley, Oak Ridge Reservation","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-84.2716,35.9104],[-84.2717,35.9072],[-84.2628,35.8971],[-84.268,35.8958],[-84.2792,35.9033],[-84.2843,35.9015],[-84.285,35.8947],[-84.2797,35.8806],[-84.2814,35.8783],[-84.2848,35.8775],[-84.2972,35.8854],[-84.3005,35.8863],[-84.309,35.8882],[-84.3227,35.8866],[-84.3283,35.8899],[-84.3299,35.8931],[-84.3331,35.8791],[-84.3426,35.8316],[-84.3477,35.8325],[-84.3729,35.8224],[-84.3758,35.8166],[-84.3812,35.8058],[-84.3802,35.798],[-84.3775,35.7916],[-84.3885,35.7823],[-84.3807,35.7776],[-84.3888,35.7677],[-84.3916,35.7701],[-84.3994,35.7742],[-84.4073,35.7775],[-84.4101,35.7776],[-84.4164,35.7767],[-84.421,35.7736],[-84.424,35.7664],[-84.4242,35.7578],[-84.4294,35.751],[-84.4368,35.7502],[-84.4435,35.7549],[-84.4474,35.7604],[-84.4531,35.7554],[-84.471,35.7389],[-84.4947,35.7169],[-84.5106,35.7167],[-84.5169,35.7122],[-84.5216,35.7059],[-84.5218,35.6946],[-84.5263,35.6951],[-84.5264,35.6915],[-84.5303,35.6915],[-84.5321,35.6879],[-84.5322,35.6843],[-84.522,35.6837],[-84.5215,35.6769],[-84.5306,35.677],[-84.5313,35.6707],[-84.5398,35.6703],[-84.5399,35.6658],[-84.5489,35.6663],[-84.5491,35.6591],[-84.5751,35.6594],[-84.5758,35.6521],[-84.5843,35.6518],[-84.585,35.6445],[-84.6201,35.645],[-84.6198,35.659],[-84.6306,35.6587],[-84.631,35.666],[-84.6283,35.69],[-84.6226,35.6963],[-84.6265,35.6995],[-84.6241,35.7067],[-84.6301,35.719],[-84.6368,35.7205],[-84.6362,35.7246],[-84.6453,35.7247],[-84.6448,35.7169],[-84.6545,35.7175],[-84.654,35.7102],[-84.6631,35.7103],[-84.6638,35.7031],[-84.6723,35.7032],[-84.6716,35.7104],[-84.6761,35.7105],[-84.6766,35.7173],[-84.6986,35.718],[-84.6985,35.7253],[-84.699,35.733],[-84.6988,35.7411],[-84.7028,35.7416],[-84.7141,35.7422],[-84.7163,35.7468],[-84.7236,35.7532],[-84.7287,35.7523],[-84.7327,35.7506],[-84.7389,35.7516],[-84.7439,35.7539],[-84.7524,35.7567],[-84.7541,35.7594],[-84.7522,35.7667],[-84.751,35.7707],[-84.7464,35.7752],[-84.7419,35.7766],[-84.7379,35.7792],[-84.7383,35.7869],[-84.7377,35.7906],[-84.741,35.7933],[-84.7472,35.7948],[-84.7489,35.7952],[-84.7551,35.798],[-84.763,35.8022],[-84.7731,35.8114],[-84.7804,35.8123],[-84.7844,35.8124],[-84.7889,35.8152],[-84.7872,35.8165],[-84.7832,35.8187],[-84.7803,35.8237],[-84.7785,35.8268],[-84.7722,35.83],[-84.7659,35.8344],[-84.7578,35.8425],[-84.7492,35.8488],[-84.7383,35.8532],[-84.7309,35.859],[-84.7251,35.8653],[-84.7187,35.8734],[-84.7041,35.8941],[-84.6978,35.8999],[-84.6858,35.9025],[-84.6818,35.9052],[-84.6795,35.9075],[-84.6749,35.9115],[-84.6703,35.9155],[-84.6611,35.9181],[-84.6566,35.9199],[-84.653,35.9262],[-84.6502,35.928],[-84.6462,35.9275],[-84.6433,35.9288],[-84.6393,35.931],[-84.6319,35.9305],[-84.6256,35.9336],[-84.6194,35.934],[-84.6159,35.9385],[-84.609,35.9411],[-84.6067,35.9456],[-84.6049,35.9515],[-84.602,35.9524],[-84.5969,35.9501],[-84.5907,35.9486],[-84.5844,35.9495],[-84.5765,35.9503],[-84.5543,35.9505],[-84.5547,35.96],[-84.554,35.9645],[-84.5374,35.9707],[-84.5288,35.9738],[-84.5169,35.9759],[-84.4939,35.9847],[-84.4888,35.9851],[-84.4774,35.9849],[-84.4672,35.9839],[-84.4564,35.9842],[-84.4461,35.9863],[-84.4185,36.0027],[-84.4065,36.008],[-84.3983,36.0156],[-84.3868,36.0214],[-84.3573,36.0441],[-84.347,36.048],[-84.3418,36.0493],[-84.3397,36.0443],[-84.3359,36.0338],[-84.3343,36.0302],[-84.3327,36.0243],[-84.3257,36.0069],[-84.3204,35.9919],[-84.3094,35.9722],[-84.2854,35.9301],[-84.2721,35.9113],[-84.2716,35.9104]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Roane\",\"state\":\"TN\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a816","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tucci, Patrick ptucci@usgs.gov","contributorId":926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tucci","given":"Patrick","email":"ptucci@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":202896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29573,"text":"wri874024 - 1987 - Assessment of water quality and factors affecting dissolved oxygen in the Sangamon River, Decatur to Riverton, Illinois, summer 1982","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:03","indexId":"wri874024","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4024","title":"Assessment of water quality and factors affecting dissolved oxygen in the Sangamon River, Decatur to Riverton, Illinois, summer 1982","docAbstract":"Water quality and processes that affect the dissolved-oxygen concentration in a 45.9 mile reach of the Sangamon River from Decatur to Riverton, Illinois, were determined from data collected during low-flow periods in the summer of 1982. Relations among dissolved oxygen, water discharge, biochemical oxygen demand, ammonia and nitrite plus nitrate concentrations, and photosynthetic-oxygen production were simulated using a one-dimensional, steady-state computer model. Average dissolved oxygen concentrations ranged from 8.0 milligrams per liter at the upstream end of the study reach at Decatur to 5.2 milligrams per liter 12.2 miles downstream. Ammonia concentrations ranged from 45 milligrams per liter at the mouth of Stevens Creek (2.6 miles downstream from Decatur) to 0.03 milligram per liter at the downstream end of the study reach. Un-ionized ammonia concentrations exceeded the maximum concentration specified in the State water quality standard (0.04 milligram per liter) throughout most of the study reach. Model simulations indicated that oxidation of ammonia to form nitrite plus nitrate was the most significant process leading to low dissolved oxygen concentrations in the river. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division,","doi":"10.3133/wri874024","usgsCitation":"Schmidt, A., and Stamer, J., 1987, Assessment of water quality and factors affecting dissolved oxygen in the Sangamon River, Decatur to Riverton, Illinois, summer 1982: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4024, vii, 65 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874024.","productDescription":"vii, 65 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123555,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4024/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58401,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4024/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66cf9f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmidt, A.R.","contributorId":79898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stamer, J. K.","contributorId":47753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stamer","given":"J. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":29745,"text":"wri824010 - 1987 - Ground-water hydrology of the Toppenish Creek basin, Yakima Indian Reservation, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:59","indexId":"wri824010","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"82-4010","title":"Ground-water hydrology of the Toppenish Creek basin, Yakima Indian Reservation, Washington","docAbstract":"A groundwater flow model was constructed for the Toppenish Creek basin aquifer system in eastern Washington. Flow was simulated in three aquifer units: (1) the confined old valley fill and shallow basalt (unit 2); (2) the underlying primary basalt (unit 3); and (3) the deep basalt (unit 4). Water levels in the overlying unconfined alluvial aquifer (unit 1) were held fixed. Calibrated transmissivities ranged from 0.01 to 0.48 foot squared per second. Calibrated storage coefficients were 0.0004 to 0.006. The confining-bed leakance ranged from 2.0 x 10 to the minus 11th power to 2.5 x 10 to the minus 10th power feet per second per foot. Under steady-state conditions (1954) annual natural recharge was about 29,000 acre-ft underflow from adjacent basins. Annual pumpage increased from less than 500 acre-ft in 1954 to an average of 19,600 acre-ft for 1971 and 1972. Pumpage caused simulated declines in unit 3 of up to 95 ft for 1955-72. Projected annual declines from 1973-77 using 1971-72 pumpage were about 0.5-1.5 ft in unit 2 and 0.2-1.5 ft in unit 3. The corresponding declines from 1978-82 were 0.2-1.2 ft and 0.2-0.8 ft, respectively. Using 1971-72 pumpage plus 12 ,400 acre-ft per year from unit 3, the calculated annual declines from 1978-82 were 1-36 ft in unit 2 and 4-20 ft in unit 3. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri824010","usgsCitation":"Skrivan, J., 1987, Ground-water hydrology of the Toppenish Creek basin, Yakima Indian Reservation, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 82-4010, vi, 47 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri824010.","productDescription":"vi, 47 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122648,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1982/4010/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58544,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1982/4010/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db6986b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Skrivan, J.A.","contributorId":107743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skrivan","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30448,"text":"wri874241 - 1987 - Low-flow traveltime, longitudinal-dispersion, and reaeration characteristics of the Souris River from Lake Darling Dam to J. Clark Salyer National Wildlife Refuge, North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-06T23:01:45.657781","indexId":"wri874241","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4241","title":"Low-flow traveltime, longitudinal-dispersion, and reaeration characteristics of the Souris River from Lake Darling Dam to J. Clark Salyer National Wildlife Refuge, North Dakota","docAbstract":"As part of the Souris River water-quality assessment, traveltime, longitudinal-dispersion, and reaeration measurements were made during September 1983 on segments of the 186-mile reach of the Sour is River from Lake Darling Dam to the J. Clark Salyer National Wildlife Refuge. The primary objective was to determine traveltime, longitudinal-dispersion, and reaeration coefficients during low flow. Streamflow in the reach ranged from 10.5 to 47.0 cubic feet per second during the measurement period.
On the basis of channel and hydraulic characteristics, the 186-mile reach was subdivided into five subreaches that ranged from 18 to 55 river miles in length. Within each subreach, representative test reaches that ranged from 5.0 to 9.1 river miles in length were selected for tracer injection and sample collection. Standard fluorometric techniques were used to measure traveltime and longitudinal dispersion, and a modified tracer technique that used ethylene and propane gas was used to measure reaeration. Mean test-reach velocities ranged from 0.05 to 0.30 foot per second, longitudinal-dispersion coefficients ranged from 4.2 to 61 square feet per second, and reaeration coefficients based on propane ranged from 0.39 to 1.66 per day.
Predictive reaeration coefficients obtained from 18 equations (8 semiempirical and 10 empirical) were compared with each measured reaeration coefficient by use of an error-of-estimate analysis. The predictive reaeration coefficients ranged from 0.0008 to 3.4 per day. A semiempirical equation that produced coefficients most similar to the measured coefficients had the smallest absolute error of estimate (0.35). The smallest absolute error of estimate for the empirical equations was 0.41.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri874241","usgsCitation":"Wesolowski, E.A., and Nelson, R.A., 1987, Low-flow traveltime, longitudinal-dispersion, and reaeration characteristics of the Souris River from Lake Darling Dam to J. Clark Salyer National Wildlife Refuge, North Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4241, ix, 66 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874241.","productDescription":"ix, 66 p.","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":411539,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46893.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":59231,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4241/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":119549,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4241/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"North Dakota","otherGeospatial":"J. Clark Salyer National Wildlife Refuge, Lake Darling Dam, Souris River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -99.0667,\n 50.525\n ],\n [\n -104.5903,\n 50.525\n ],\n [\n -104.5903,\n 47.7542\n ],\n [\n -99.0667,\n 47.7542\n ],\n [\n -99.0667,\n 50.525\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db6487dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wesolowski, E. A.","contributorId":46127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wesolowski","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, R. A.","contributorId":96727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":29206,"text":"wri864017 - 1987 - Hydrologic monitoring of selected streams in coal fields of central and southern Utah — Summary of data collected, August 1978-September 1984","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-13T19:40:23.306101","indexId":"wri864017","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4017","title":"Hydrologic monitoring of selected streams in coal fields of central and southern Utah — Summary of data collected, August 1978-September 1984","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey conducted a coal-hydrology monitoring program in coal-field areas of central and southern Utah during August 1978-September 1984 to determine possible hydrologic impacts of future mining and to provide a better understanding of the hydrologic systems of the coal resource areas monitored. Data were collected at 19 gaging stations--18 stations in the Price, San Rafael, and Dirty Devil River basins, and 1 in the Kanab Creek Basin. Streamflow data were collected continuously at 11 stations and seasonally at 5 stations. At the other three stations streamflow data were collected continuously during the 1979 water year and then seasonally for the rest of their periods of record. Types of data collected at each station included quantity and quality of streamflow; suspended sediment concentrations; and descriptions of stream bottom sediments, benthic invertebrate, and phytoplankton samples. Also, base flow measurements were made annually upstream from 12 of the gaging stations. Stream bottom sediment sampled at nearly all the monitoring sites contained small to moderate quantities of coal, which may be attributed chiefly to pre-monitoring mining. Streamflow sampled at several sites contained large concentrations of sulfate and dissolved solids. Also, concentrations of various trace elements at 10 stations, and phenols at 18 stations, exceeded the criteria of the EPA for drinking water. This may be attributed to contemporary (water years 1979-84) mine drainage activities. The data collected during the complete water years (1979-84) of monitoring do provide a better understanding of the hydrologic systems of the coal field areas monitored. The data also provide a definite base by which to evaluate hydrologic impacts of continued or increased coal mining in those areas. (Author 's abstract)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri864017","usgsCitation":"Price, D., and Plantz, G., 1987, Hydrologic monitoring of selected streams in coal fields of central and southern Utah — Summary of data collected, August 1978-September 1984: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4017, Report: vii, 102 p.; 1 Plate: 22.28 × 23.43 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864017.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 102 p.; 1 Plate: 22.28 × 23.43 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394077,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36487.htm"},{"id":58066,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4017/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124282,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4017/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58065,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4017/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.577,\n 37.198\n ],\n [\n -112.0670,\n 37.198\n ],\n [\n -112.0670,\n 37.541\n ],\n [\n -112.577,\n 37.541\n ],\n [\n -112.577,\n 37.198\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ae4b07f02db6064dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Price, Don","contributorId":30608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Price","given":"Don","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plantz, G.G.","contributorId":79103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plantz","given":"G.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":29096,"text":"wri874108 - 1987 - Sensitivity analysis of a multilayer, finite-difference model of the southeastern Coastal Plain regional aquifer system: Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, and South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-14T19:35:27.39349","indexId":"wri874108","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4108","title":"Sensitivity analysis of a multilayer, finite-difference model of the southeastern Coastal Plain regional aquifer system: Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, and South Carolina","docAbstract":"The sensitivity of a multilayer finite-difference regional flow model was tested by changing the calibrated values for five parameters in the steady-state model and one in the transient-state model. The parameters that changed under the steady-state condition were those that had been routinely adjusted during the calibration process as part of the effort to match pre-development potentiometric surfaces, and elements of the water budget. The tested steady-state parameters include: recharge, riverbed conductance, transmissivity, confining unit leakance, and boundary location. In the transient-state model, the storage coefficient was adjusted. The sensitivity of the model to changes in the calibrated values of these parameters was evaluated with respect to the simulated response of net base flow to the rivers, and the mean value of the absolute head residual. To provide a standard measurement of sensitivity from one parameter to another, the standard deviation of the absolute head residual was calculated. The steady-state model was shown to be most sensitive to changes in rates of recharge. When the recharge rate was held constant, the model was more sensitive to variations in transmissivity. Near the rivers, the riverbed conductance becomes the dominant parameter in controlling the heads. Changes in confining unit leakance had little effect on simulated base flow, but greatly affected head residuals. The model was relatively insensitive to changes in the location of no-flow boundaries and to moderate changes in the altitude of constant head boundaries. The storage coefficient was adjusted under transient conditions to illustrate the model 's sensitivity to changes in storativity. The model is less sensitive to an increase in storage coefficient than it is to a decrease in storage coefficient. As the storage coefficient decreased, the aquifer drawdown increases, the base flow decreased. The opposite response occurred when the storage coefficient was increased. (Author 's abstract)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri874108","usgsCitation":"Pernik, M., 1987, Sensitivity analysis of a multilayer, finite-difference model of the southeastern Coastal Plain regional aquifer system: Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, and South Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4108, viii, 53 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874108.","productDescription":"viii, 53 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":392869,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46775.htm"},{"id":57950,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4108/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158935,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4108/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi, and South Carolina","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91,\n 30.5\n ],\n [\n -78.5,\n 30.5\n ],\n [\n -78.5,\n 35\n ],\n [\n -91,\n 35\n ],\n [\n -91,\n 30.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dfe4b07f02db5e35e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pernik, Meribeth","contributorId":21195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pernik","given":"Meribeth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":38500,"text":"pp1384 - 1987 - Flow model for open-channel reach or network","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:20","indexId":"pp1384","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1384","title":"Flow model for open-channel reach or network","docAbstract":"Formulation of a one-dimensional model for simulating unsteady flow in a single open-channel reach or in a network of interconnected channels is presented. The model is both general and flexible in that it can be used to simulate a wide range of flow conditions for various channel configurations. It is based on a four-point (box), implicit, finite-difference approximation of the governing nonlinear flow equations with user-definable weighting coefficients to permit varying the solution scheme from box-centered to fully forward. Unique transformation equations are formulated that permit correlation of the unknowns at the extremities of the channels, thereby reducing coefficient matrix and execution time requirements. Discharges and water-surface elevations computed at intermediate locations within a channel are determined following solution of the transformation equations. The matrix of transformation and boundary-condition equations is solved by Gauss elimination using maximum pivot strategy. Two diverse applications of the model are presented to illustrate its broad utility. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/pp1384","usgsCitation":"Schaffranek, R., 1987, Flow model for open-channel reach or network: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1384, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1384.","productDescription":"11 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":126695,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1384/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":65216,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1384/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d8e4b07f02db5df252","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schaffranek, R.W.","contributorId":61468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaffranek","given":"R.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1699,"text":"wsp2282 - 1987 - Tidal-flow, circulation, and flushing changes caused by dredge and fill in Tampa Bay, Florida","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":9188,"text":"ofr84447 - 1984 - Changes in tidal flow, circulation, and flushing caused by dredge and fill in Tampa Bay, Florida","indexId":"ofr84447","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"Changes in tidal flow, circulation, and flushing caused by dredge and fill in Tampa Bay, Florida"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1699,"text":"wsp2282 - 1987 - Tidal-flow, circulation, and flushing changes caused by dredge and fill in Tampa Bay, Florida","indexId":"wsp2282","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"title":"Tidal-flow, circulation, and flushing changes caused by dredge and fill in Tampa Bay, Florida"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:15","indexId":"wsp2282","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2282","title":"Tidal-flow, circulation, and flushing changes caused by dredge and fill in Tampa Bay, Florida","docAbstract":"Tampa Bay, Florida, underwent extensive physical changes between 1880 and 1972 because of construction of causeways, islands, channels, and shoreline fills. These changes resulted in a progressive reduction in the quantity of tidal water that enters and leaves the bay. Dredging and filling also changed the magnitude and direction of tidal flows in large parts of the bay. \r\n\r\nA two-dimensional, finite-difference, hydrodynamic model was used to simulate flood, ebb, and residual transport of both water and a dissolved constituent for the physical conditions that existed in Tampa Bay during 1880 and 1972 and for the conditions that are likely to exist in 1985. The calibrated and verified model was used to hindcast water- and constituent-transport changes caused by construction in the bay between 1880 and 1972. The model was used also to forecast changes that can be expected to occur as a result of a major Federal dredging project scheduled for completion in 1985. \r\n\r\nThe model forecasted transport changes caused by the Federal dredging project to be much less areally extensive than the corresponding transport changes caused by construction in Tampa Bay between 1880 and 1972. Dredging-caused changes of more than 50 percent in flood and ebb transport were computed to occur over only 8 or 9 square miles of the bay's 390-square-mile surface area between 1972 and 1985. The model computed that construction between 1880 and 1972 caused changes of similar magnitude over 58 square miles of the bay. Dredging-caused changes of more than 50 percent in residual transport were computed to occur over 58 square miles of the bay between 1972 and 1985. According to the model simulation, construction between 1880 and 1972 caused changes of similar magnitude over 167 square miles. \r\n\r\nComputations reveal historical tide-induced circulation patterns. The patterns consist of a series of about 20 interconnected circulatory features that range in diameter from 1 to 6 miles. Dredging- and construction-caused changes in size, position, shape, and intensity of the circulatory features increase tide-induced circulation and flushing throughout most of the bay. As a result of past and projected physical changes, the bay can and will more rapidly transfer waterborne constituents that have landward sources to the Gulf of Mexico. Conversely, the bay can and will more rapidly transfer constituents that have their source in the Gulf into the upper parts of the bay.\r\n\r\nModel results show that the bay can be functionally subdivided into eight circulation zones. The zones near the entrances to Tampa Bay and the major bay subunits, Hillsborough Bay and Old Tampa Bay, have several times greater average circulation than do adjacent and more landward zones. Circulation generally decreases from the Gulf of Mexico to the head of Hillsborough and Old Tampa Bays, with a striking exception in zone 3 in mid-Tampa Bay. This 10-mile section of the bay has significantly lower average circulation than that of adjacent zones, particularly for conditions in 1880. The section is thought to be a circulation constriction that reduces the potential transport of dissolved and suspended constituents. \r\n\r\nCirculation in the constricted section was computed as having increased 6 percent because of dredge and fill construction between 1880 and 1972. An additional increase of 21 percent, due to the Federal dredging project, is calculated. With these increases, this zone acts as less of a constriction than it did in 1880. This and other circulation increases may have contributed to increased bay salinity and to more rapid flushing of constituents from the bay to the Gulf of Mexico.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2282","usgsCitation":"Goodwin, C., 1987, Tidal-flow, circulation, and flushing changes caused by dredge and fill in Tampa Bay, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2282, vi, 88 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2282.","productDescription":"vi, 88 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137071,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2282/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26780,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2282/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db6981e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goodwin, Carl R.","contributorId":76284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goodwin","given":"Carl R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27726,"text":"wri864340 - 1987 - Simulation of the ground-water flow system and proposed withdrawals in the northern part of Vekol Valley, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:38","indexId":"wri864340","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4340","title":"Simulation of the ground-water flow system and proposed withdrawals in the northern part of Vekol Valley, Arizona","docAbstract":"Pursuant to the Ak-Chin Indian Community Water Rights Settlement Act (Public Law 95-328-enacted on July 28, 1978) a study was undertaken to assess the effect of proposed groundwater withdrawal from Federal lands near the reservation. The first area to be evaluated was the northern part of the Vekol Valley. The evaluation was made using a numerical model based on detailed geohydrologic concepts developed during the study. The numerical model, which was calibrated to steady-state and transient groundwater conditions in the northern part of Vekol Valley, adequately duplicated the conceptual model and was used to estimate the effect of withdrawing approximately 174,000 acre-ft from the system during a 25-yr period. At the end of the 25-yr period, the water level was drawn down an average of about 95 ft, and about 150,5000 acre-ft of water was removed from storage. The 150,500 acre-ft of water represents 43% of the estimated recoverable groundwater in storage. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri864340","usgsCitation":"Hollett, K., and Marie, J., 1987, Simulation of the ground-water flow system and proposed withdrawals in the northern part of Vekol Valley, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4340, v, 68 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864340.","productDescription":"v, 68 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158782,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4340/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56569,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4340/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4ac7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hollett, K.J.","contributorId":23570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hollett","given":"K.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marie, J.R.","contributorId":63416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marie","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":80271,"text":"fwsobs82_10_143 - 1987 - Habitat Suitability Index Models: Barred owl","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-28T17:57:37.009199","indexId":"fwsobs82_10_143","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"82/10.143","subseriesTitle":"Habitat Suitability Index","title":"Habitat Suitability Index Models: Barred owl","docAbstract":"A review and synthesis of existing information were used to develop a Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) model for the barred owl (Strix varia). The model consolidates habitat use information into a framework appropriate for field application, and is scaled to produce an index between 0.0 (unsuitable habitat) to 1.0 (optimum habitat). HSI models are designed to be used with Habitat Evaluation Procedures previously developed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Allen, A.W., 1987, Habitat Suitability Index Models: Barred owl: FWS/OBS 82/10.143, viii, 17 p.","productDescription":"viii, 17 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194851,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db649e0b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, Arthur W.","contributorId":40648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":80280,"text":"fwsobs82_10_130 - 1987 - Habitat Suitability Index Models: Black-shouldered kite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-28T17:56:15.644171","indexId":"fwsobs82_10_130","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"82/10.130","subseriesTitle":"Habitat Suitability Index","title":"Habitat Suitability Index Models: Black-shouldered kite","docAbstract":"A review and synthesis of existing information were used to develop a model for evaluating black-shouldered kite habitat quality. The model is scaled to produce an index between 0 (unsuitable habitat) to 1.0 (optimal habitat). Habitat suitability index models are designed for use with the Habitat Evaluation Procedures previously developed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Guidelines for model application are provided.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Faanes, C.A., and Howard, R.J., 1987, Habitat Suitability Index Models: Black-shouldered kite: FWS/OBS 82/10.130, vi, 13 p.","productDescription":"vi, 13 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195591,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6adf04","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Faanes, Craig A.","contributorId":72433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faanes","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Howard, Rebecca J. 0000-0001-7264-4364 howardr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7264-4364","contributorId":2429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"Rebecca","email":"howardr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":14924,"text":"ofr87238 - 1987 - Surface-water-quality assessment of the Yakima River basin, Washington: Project description","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-23T21:42:36.124756","indexId":"ofr87238","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-238","title":"Surface-water-quality assessment of the Yakima River basin, Washington: Project description","docAbstract":"In April 1986, the U.S. Geological Survey began the National Water Quality Assessment program to: (1) provide a nationally consistent description of the current status of water quality, (2) define water quality trends that have occurred over recent decades, and (3) relate past and present water quality conditions to relevant natural features, the history of land and water use, and land management and waste management practices. At present (1987), The National Water Quality Assessment program is in a pilot studies phase, in which assessment concepts and approaches are being tested and modified to prepare for possible full implementation of the program. Seven pilot projects (four surface water projects and three groundwater projects) have been started. The Yakima River basin in Washington is one of the pilot surface water project areas. The Yakima River basin drains in area of 6,155 sq mi and contains about 1,900 river mi of perennial streams. Major land use activities include growing and harvesting timber, dryland pasture grazing, intense farming and irrigated agriculture, and urbanization. Water quality issues that result from these land uses include potentially large concentrations of suspended sediment, bacteria, nutrients, pesticides, and trace elements that may affect water used for human consumption, fish propagation and passage, contact recreation, livestock watering, and irrigation. Data will be collected in a nine year cycle. The first three years of the cycle will be a period of concentrated data acquisition and interpretation. For the next six years, sample collection will be done at a much lower level of intensity to document the occurrence of any gross changes in water quality. This nine year cycle would then be repeated. Three types of sampling activities will be used for data acquisition: fixed location station sampling, synoptic sampling, and intensive reach studies. (Lantz-PTT)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr87238","usgsCitation":"McKenzie, S.W., and Rinella, J.F., 1987, Surface-water-quality assessment of the Yakima River basin, Washington: Project description: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-238, Report: v, 35 p.; 1 Plate: 31.11 × 31.65 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr87238.","productDescription":"Report: v, 35 p.; 1 Plate: 31.11 × 31.65 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":43737,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0238/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":43738,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0238/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":146296,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0238/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":393389,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_17169.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Yakima River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.524,\n 45.972\n ],\n [\n -119.139,\n 45.972\n ],\n [\n -119.139,\n 47.615\n ],\n [\n -121.524,\n 47.615\n ],\n [\n -121.524,\n 45.972\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a4b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKenzie, S. W.","contributorId":66240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenzie","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rinella, J. F.","contributorId":86777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rinella","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":4709,"text":"twri03B6 - 1987 - The principle of superposition and its application in ground-water hydraulics","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":15611,"text":"ofr84459 - 1984 - The principle of superposition and its application in ground-water hydraulics","indexId":"ofr84459","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"The principle of superposition and its application in ground-water hydraulics"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":4709,"text":"twri03B6 - 1987 - The principle of superposition and its application in ground-water hydraulics","indexId":"twri03B6","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"title":"The principle of superposition and its application in ground-water hydraulics"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:31","indexId":"twri03B6","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":336,"text":"Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations","code":"TWRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"03-B6","title":"The principle of superposition and its application in ground-water hydraulics","docAbstract":"The principle of superposition, a powerful mathematical technique for analyzing certain types of complex problems in many areas of science and technology, has important applications in ground-water hydraulics and modeling of ground-water systems. The principle of superposition states that problem solutions can be added together to obtain composite solutions. This principle applies to linear systems governed by linear differential equations.\r\nThis report introduces the principle of superposition as it applies to ground-water hydrology and provides background information, discussion, illustrative problems with solutions, and problems to be solved by the reader.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/twri03B6","issn":"0565-596X","usgsCitation":"Reilly, T.E., Franke, O.L., and Bennett, G.D., 1987, The principle of superposition and its application in ground-water hydraulics: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations 03-B6, viii, 28 p. :ill ;26 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/twri03B6.","productDescription":"viii, 28 p. :ill ;26 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139155,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":298,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/twri/twri3-b6/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a71e4b07f02db641cca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reilly, Thomas E. tereilly@usgs.gov","contributorId":1660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reilly","given":"Thomas","email":"tereilly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":149656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Franke, O. Lehn","contributorId":63357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franke","given":"O.","email":"","middleInitial":"Lehn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bennett, Gordon D.","contributorId":18740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}