{"pageNumber":"1455","pageRowStart":"36350","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46706,"records":[{"id":70016169,"text":"70016169 - 1990 - Radarclinometry of the Earth and Venus from space-shuttle and Venera-15 imagery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:40","indexId":"70016169","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1429,"text":"Earth, Moon and Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Radarclinometry of the Earth and Venus from space-shuttle and Venera-15 imagery","docAbstract":"The project to develop a line-integral approach to 2-dimensional radarclinometry and to bring it to the status of producing topographic maps from real radar images has been concluded. The final developments of the theory itself have involved a trial-and-error resolution of the curvature decision process at each integration step over range as follows: (1) Locally Indeterminate Azimuth-Azimuth Curvature is invoked if the range-directed path of integration is within 1 ??? in angle of the tangent to a local characteristic curve of the partial differential equation of radarclinometry (equivalent to a lapse in the necessity for an auxiliary curvature assumption); (2) Local Cylindricity is invoked if the local image isophote has a radius-of-curvature greater than 50 pixels; (3) Least-Squared Local Sphericity is invoked if the characteristic curve trends at greater than 70 ??? to the range direction (the auxiliary curvature assumption is becoming a sufficiently strong influence as to warrant the overconstraint), and (4) the default hypothesis, which is invoked most often, is the localization through the Euler/Lagrange equation from the calculus of variations of the global principle of minimization of the surface area of the terrain. The development of the set of line integrals into a 2-dimensional topographic surface is not practically achieved by branching the line integral at the range threshold, because the radarclinometry equations are too frequently coupled but weakly to the slope component in the direction of radar-azimuth, and under circumstances for which the powerfully influential auxiliary curvature assumption is too unrealistic. In other words, a line integration in radar-azimuth is far more frequently directed orthogonally to the local characteristic curve than is one carried out over range. Such orthogonality results in stepping the strike under the exclusive control of the curvature assumption. Instead, a quasi-surface-integration step is taken by modeling the dependence on initial strike of the gravitational potential energy of the vertical slab of terrain under the range-profile. The adopted starting strike for the range integral is the one which minimizes the gravitational potential energy. This radarclinometric method, in combination with my recently published method for determining an effective radar back-scattering function from one-dimensional slope statistics and image pixel-signal statistics, was applied to three images. First, to separate theoretical difficulties from experimental impediments, an artificial radar image was generated from a topographic map of the Lake Champlain West quadrangle in the Adirondack Mountains. Except for the regional trend in elevation, to which radarclinometry is insensitive by design, the agreement between the original and derived topography appears good. The morphologies agree and the range of relief is the same to within 4%. As an example of data of the highest quality available from space-borne radar at the present time, a SIR-B image of very rugged terrain in the coastal mountains of Oregon was similarly processed. The result, after filtering to redistribute photoclinometric errors about the two-dimensional spatial spectrum, agrees with ground truth almost as well. As an example of the worst possible data, in terms of signal-to-noise ratio and radar incidence angle (no detraction from the praise due the first high resolution space-borne radar-imaging of Venus intended), a Venera-15 image segment in Sedna Planitia just north-east of Sapho was processed, using Venera altimetry and Pioneer roughness data for slope statistics, in spite of the resolution mis-match. Considerably more trial-and-error filtering was required. The result appears plausible, but an error check is, of course, impossible. ?? 1990 Kluwer Academic Publishers.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth, Moon and Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00113857","issn":"01679295","usgsCitation":"Wildey, R., 1990, Radarclinometry of the Earth and Venus from space-shuttle and Venera-15 imagery: Earth, Moon and Planets, v. 48, no. 3, p. 197-231, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00113857.","startPage":"197","endPage":"231","numberOfPages":"35","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205360,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00113857"},{"id":223303,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a938ce4b0c8380cd80eba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wildey, R.L.","contributorId":9700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wildey","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70016197,"text":"70016197 - 1990 - Age determinations and growth rates of Pacific ferromanganese deposits using strontium isotopes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:40","indexId":"70016197","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age determinations and growth rates of Pacific ferromanganese deposits using strontium isotopes","docAbstract":"87Sr 86Sr ratios, trace element and REE compositions, and textural characteristics were determined for three hydrogenetic Fe-Mn crusts, one hydrothermal deposit, and two mixed hydrothermalhydrogenetic crusts from the Pacific. The Sr isotope data are compared to the Sr seawater curve for the Cenozoic to determine the ages and growth rates of the crusts. The 87Sr 86Sr in the crusts does not increase monotonically with depth as expected if the Sr were solely derived from seawater and perfectly preserved since deposition. This indicates post-depositional exchange of Sr or heterogeneous sources for the Sr originally contained in the crusts. Textures of hydrogenetic crusts generally correlate with Sr isotopic variations. The highest porosity intervals commonly exhibit the highest 87Sr 86Sr ratios, indicating exchange with younger seawater. Intervals with the lowest porosity commonly have lower 87Sr 86Sr and may preserve the original Sr isotopic ratios. Minimum ages of crust growth inception were calculated from dense, low porosity intervals. Growth of the hydrogenetic crusts began at or after 23 Ma, although their substrates are Cretaceous. Estimated average growth rates of the three hydrogenetic crusts vary between 0.9 and 2.7 mm/Ma, consistent with published rates determined by other techniques. Within the Marshall Islands crust, growth rates for individual layers varied greatly between 1.0 and 5.4 mm/Ma. For one crust, very low 87Sr 86Sr ratios occurred in detrital-rich intervals. Hydrothermal Fe-Mn oxide from the active Lau Basin back-arc spreading axis (Valu Fa Ridge) has an 87Sr 86Sr ratio with a predominantly seawater signature ( 87Sr 86Sr 0.709196), indicating a maximum age of 0.9 Ma. One crust from an off-axis seamount west of Gorda Ridge may have begun precipitating hydrogenetically at 0.5 Ma (0.709211), and had increasing hydrothermal or volcanic input in the top half of the crust, indicated by a significantly lower 87Sr 86Sr ratio (0.709052). ?? 1990.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Ingram, B., Hein, J., and Farmer, G.L., 1990, Age determinations and growth rates of Pacific ferromanganese deposits using strontium isotopes: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 54, no. 6, p. 1709-1721.","startPage":"1709","endPage":"1721","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222997,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e8eae4b0c8380cd47f87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ingram, B.L.","contributorId":51731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingram","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hein, J.R. 0000-0002-5321-899X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5321-899X","contributorId":61429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hein","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Farmer, G. L.","contributorId":97251,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Farmer","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70016191,"text":"70016191 - 1990 - Spatial resolution requirements for automated cartographic road extraction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:40","indexId":"70016191","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial resolution requirements for automated cartographic road extraction","docAbstract":"Ground resolution requirements for detection and extraction of road locations in a digitized large-scale photographic database were investigated. A color infrared photograph of Sunnyvale, California was scanned, registered to a map grid, and spatially degraded to 1- to 5-metre resolution pixels. Road locations in each data set were extracted using a combination of image processing and CAD programs. These locations were compared to a photointerpretation of road locations to determine a preferred pixel size for the extraction method. Based on road pixel omission error computations, a 3-metre pixel resolution appears to be the best choice for this extraction method. -Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Benjamin, S., and Gaydos, L., 1990, Spatial resolution requirements for automated cartographic road extraction: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 56, no. 1, p. 93-100.","startPage":"93","endPage":"100","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222893,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b94a4e4b08c986b31abc4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benjamin, S.","contributorId":23474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benjamin","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gaydos, L.","contributorId":101015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaydos","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015740,"text":"70015740 - 1990 - Source inversion of the 1988 Upland, California, earthquake: Determination of a fault plane for a small event","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-27T00:32:29.083705","indexId":"70015740","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Source inversion of the 1988 Upland, California, earthquake: Determination of a fault plane for a small event","docAbstract":"

We examined short-period P waves to investigate if waveform data could be used to determine which of two nodal planes was the actual fault plane for a small (ML 4.6) earthquake near Upland, California. We removed path and site complications by choosing a small aftershock (ML 2.7) as an empirical Green function. The main shock P waves were deconvolved by using the empirical Green function to produce simple far-field displacement pulses. We used a least-squares method to invert these pulses for the slip distribution on a finite fault. Both nodal planes (strike 125°, dip 85° and strike 221°, dip 40°) of the first-motion focal mechanism were tested at various rupture velocities. The southwest trending fault plane consistently gave better fitting solutions than the southeast-trending plane. We determined a moment of 4.2 × 1022 dyne-cm. The rupture velocity, and thus the source area could not be well resolved, but if we assume a reasonable rupture velocity of 0.87 times the shear wave velocity, we obtain a source area of 0.97 km2 and a stress drop of 38 bars. Choice of a southwest-trending fault plane is consistent with the trend of the nearby portion of the Transverse Ranges frontal fault zone and indicates left-lateral motion. This method provides a way to determine the fault plane for small earthquakes that have no surface rupture and no obvious trend in aftershock locations.

","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0800030507","usgsCitation":"Mori, J., and Hartzell, S., 1990, Source inversion of the 1988 Upland, California, earthquake: Determination of a fault plane for a small event: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 80, no. 3, p. 507-518, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0800030507.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"507","endPage":"518","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223952,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.78470180187463,\n 34.20109870938646\n ],\n [\n -117.78470180187463,\n 34.01973318949351\n ],\n [\n -117.53268938642012,\n 34.01973318949351\n ],\n [\n -117.53268938642012,\n 34.20109870938646\n ],\n [\n -117.78470180187463,\n 34.20109870938646\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"80","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1990-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b932be4b08c986b31a333","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mori, J.","contributorId":24923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mori","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hartzell, S.","contributorId":12603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartzell","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016190,"text":"70016190 - 1990 - Conductivity and transit time estimates of a soil liner","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:40","indexId":"70016190","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Conductivity and transit time estimates of a soil liner","docAbstract":"A field-scale soil linear was built to assess the feasibilty of constructing a liner to meet the saturated hydraulic conductivity requirement of the U.S. EPA (i.e., less than 1 ?? 10-7 cm/s), and to determine the breakthrough and transit times of water and tracers through the liner. The liner, 8 ?? 15 ?? 0.9 m, was constructed in 15-cm compacted lifts using a 20,037-kg pad-foot compactor and standard engineering practices. Estimated saturated hydraulic conductivities were 2.4 ?? 10-9 cm/s, based on data from large-ring infiltrometers; 4.0 ?? 10-8 cm/s from small-ring infiltrometers; and 5.0 ?? 10-8 cm/s from a water-balance analysis. These estimates were derived from 1 year of monitoring water infiltration into the linear. Breakthrough of tracers at the base of the liner was estimated to be between 2 and 13 years, depending on the method of calculation and the assumptions used in the calculation.","conferenceTitle":"Optimizing the Resources for Water Management - Proceedings of the ASCE 17th Annual National Conference","conferenceDate":"17 April 1990 through 21 April 1990","conferenceLocation":"Fort Worth, TX, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"Boston, MA, United States","isbn":"087262756X","usgsCitation":"Krapac, I., Cartwright, K., Panno, S., Hensel, B., Rehfeldt, K., and Herzog, B., 1990, Conductivity and transit time estimates of a soil liner, Optimizing the Resources for Water Management - Proceedings of the ASCE 17th Annual National Conference, Fort Worth, TX, USA, 17 April 1990 through 21 April 1990, p. 820-823.","startPage":"820","endPage":"823","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222892,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f9bae4b0c8380cd4d759","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krapac, I.G.","contributorId":33850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krapac","given":"I.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cartwright, K.","contributorId":50292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cartwright","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Panno, S.V.","contributorId":102990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Panno","given":"S.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hensel, B.R.","contributorId":83669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hensel","given":"B.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rehfeldt, K.H.","contributorId":54739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rehfeldt","given":"K.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Herzog, B.L.","contributorId":107030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herzog","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70197266,"text":"70197266 - 1990 - Program to prepare standard figures for grade-tonnage models on a Macintosh","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-24T13:24:00","indexId":"70197266","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Program to prepare standard figures for grade-tonnage models on a Macintosh","docAbstract":"

Grade-tonnage models are frequency distributions of deposit tonnage and grades of mineral deposits of a specific type. The program described here allows users to prepare standard figures of grade and tonnage distributions and display the deposit name associated with any of the data points. Titles and scales appropriate for most deposit types are plotted automatically for tonnage, Cu, Ni, Sn, Nb, W, Au, Hg, Mo, Zn, Pb, Ag, Co, Pt, Pd, Sb, Fe, Cr, Mn, and Ba.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Microcomputer applications in geology 2","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-08-040261-1.50026-X","usgsCitation":"Singer, D.A., and Bliss, J.D., 1990, Program to prepare standard figures for grade-tonnage models on a Macintosh, chap. of Microcomputer applications in geology 2, p. 241-250, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-040261-1.50026-X.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"241","endPage":"250","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354467,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b15aa88e4b092d9651e2309","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Singer, Donald A. dsinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":5601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"Donald","email":"dsinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":736469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bliss, James D. jbliss@usgs.gov","contributorId":2790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bliss","given":"James","email":"jbliss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":736470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015815,"text":"70015815 - 1990 - Modern aerial gamma-ray spectrometry and regional potassium map of the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-03T16:41:35","indexId":"70015815","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modern aerial gamma-ray spectrometry and regional potassium map of the conterminous United States","docAbstract":"

Aerial gamma-ray surveys of the natural environment measure the flux of gamma rays produced by the radioactive decay of 40K, 214Bi, and 208Tl in the upper 10–20 cm of surface materials. 40K is a radioactive potassium isotope which can be used to estimate the total amount of potassium in the soils and rocks. 214Bi is a decay product of the 238U radioactive decay series and is used to estimate the uranium concentrations, and 208Tl, a decay product of the 232Th radioactive decay series, is used to estimate thorium concentrations. Aerial gamma-ray data covering the 48 contiguous states of the United States have been compiled to produce maps showing the distributions of equivalent uranium, equivalent thorium, and potassium. This compilation involved processing the aerial survey data from about 470 1° × 2° quadrangle maps.

\n

The aerial gamma-ray data were obtained as part of the National Uranium Resource Evaluation (NURE) Program sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy during the period 1975-1983. References for the Open-File Reports that describe the surveys and data collection can be found in Bendix Field Engineering Corp. (1983). The aerial surveys were flown by contractors using fixed-wing and helicopter systems with 33-50 L (liters) of thallium-activated sodium iodide (NaI (TI)) crystals. The nominal survey altitude used is 122 m. The survey lines were generally east-west with line spacings of 1.6-10 km. Tie lines were flown perpendicular to the flight lines at intervals of 16- 30 km. The data were corrected for background from aircraft contamination and cosmic rays, altitude variations, airborne 214Bi, and Compton scattering. The gamma-ray systems were calibrated using the calibrations pads at Grand Junction, Colorado (Ward, 1978 ) and the dynamic test strip at Lake Mead, Arizona (Geodata International, Inc., 1977).

\n

 

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1016/0375-6742(90)90076-M","issn":"03756742","usgsCitation":"Duval, J.S., 1990, Modern aerial gamma-ray spectrometry and regional potassium map of the conterminous United States: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 39, no. 1-2, p. 249-253, https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-6742(90)90076-M.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"249","endPage":"253","numberOfPages":"5","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223383,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": 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petrotectonic setting of the archean southern Wabigoon subprovince of the Canadian Shield","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:46","indexId":"70016005","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Petrology of the Rainy Lake area, Minnesota, USA-implications for petrotectonic setting of the archean southern Wabigoon subprovince of the Canadian Shield","docAbstract":"The Rainy Lake area in northern Minnesota and southwestern, Ontario is a Late Archean (2.7 Ga) granite-greenstone belt within the Wabigoon subprovince of the Canadian Shield. In Minnesota the rocks include mafic and felsic volcanic rocks, volcaniclastic, chemical sedimentary rocks, and graywacke that are intrucded by coeval gabbro, tonalite, and granodiorite. New data presented here focus on the geochemistry and petrology of the Minnesota part of the Rainy Lake area. Igneous rocks in the area are bimodal. The mafic rocks are made up of three distinct suites: (1) low-TiO2 tholeiite and gabbro that have slightly evolved Mg-numbers (63-49) and relatively flat rare-earth element (REE) patterns that range from 20-8 x chondrites (Ce/YbN=0.8-1.5); (2) high-TiO2 tholeiite with evolved Mg-numbers (46-29) and high total REE abundances that range from 70-40 x chondrites (Ce/YbN=1.8-3.3), and (3) calc-alkaline basaltic andesite and geochemically similar monzodiorite and lamprophyre with primitive Mg-numbers (79-63), enriched light rare-earth elements (LREE) and depleted heavy rare-earth elements (HREE). These three suites are not related by partial melting of a similar source or by fractional crystallization of a common parental magma; they resulted from melting of heterogeneous Archean mantle. The felsic rocks are made up of two distinct suites: (1)low-Al2O3 tholeiitic rhyolite, and (2) high-Al2O3 calc-alkaline dacite and rhyolite and consanguineous tonalite. The tholeiitic felsic rocks are high in Y, Zr, Nb, and total REE that are unfractionated and have pronounced negative Eu anomalies. The calcalkaline felsic rocks are depleted in Y, Zr, and Nb, and the REE that are highly fractionated with high LREE and depleted HREE, and display moderate negative Eu anomalies. Both suites of felsic rocks were generated by partial melting of crustal material. The most reasonable modern analog for the paleotectonic setting is an immature island arc. The bimodal volcanic rocks are intercalated with sedimentary rocks and have been intruded by pre- and syntectonic granitoid rocks. However, the geochemistry of the mafic rocks does not correlate fully with that of mafic rocks in modern are evvironments. The low-TiO2 tholeiite is similar to both N-type mid-ocean-ridge basalt (MORB) and low-K tholeiite from immature marginal basins. The calc-alkaline basaltic andesite is like that of low-K calc-alkaline mafic volcanic rocks from oceanic volcanic arcs; however, the high-TiO2 tholeiite is most similar to modern E-type MORB, which occurs in oceanic rifts. The conundrum may be explained by: (1) rifting of a pre-existing immature arc system to produce the bimodal volcanic rocks and high-TiO2 tholeiite; (2) variable enrichment of a previously depleted Archean mantle, to produce both the low- and high-TiO2 tholeiite and the calc-alkaline basaltic andesite, and/or (3) enrichment of the parental rocks of the high-TiO2 tholeiite by crustal contamination. ?? 1990 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00306541","issn":"00107999","usgsCitation":"Day, W.C., 1990, Petrology of the Rainy Lake area, Minnesota, USA-implications for petrotectonic setting of the archean southern Wabigoon subprovince of the Canadian Shield: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 105, no. 3, p. 303-321, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00306541.","startPage":"303","endPage":"321","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205354,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306541"},{"id":223242,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"105","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7850e4b0c8380cd78685","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Day, W. C.","contributorId":6876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015727,"text":"70015727 - 1990 - Discontinuities in the shallow Martian crust at Lunae, Syria, and Sinai Plana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-29T16:25:12.424398","indexId":"70015727","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Discontinuities in the shallow Martian crust at Lunae, Syria, and Sinai Plana","docAbstract":"

Detailed photoclinometric profiles across 125 erosional features and 141 grabens in the western equatorial region of Mars indicate the presence of three discontinuities within the shallow crust. Pits, troughs, and wall valleys (tributary canyons) within Noctis Labyrinthus and Valles Marineris and escarpments within the fretted terrain of Sacra Fossae and Kasei Valles show distinct erosional base levels at depths of 0.3–0.6 km, 1 km, and 2–3 km. The shallowest discontinuity corresponds to thickness estimates for the ridged plains unit in this region, and thus the discontinuity probably is the contact between a sequence of layered rock making up this unit and the underlying megaregolith. The 1-km discontinuity is reflected in the base levels of erosion of all the features studied, and it may correspond to the base of the proposed layer of ground ice. Model calculations using photoclinometric profiles of simple grabens (corrected for the effects of mass wasting) and the 60° dip of bounding faults (measured from the exposed traces of faults on trough walls) show that graben-bounding faults consistently intersect at the mechanical discontinuity at about 1 km depth. This discontinuity may represent an interface between ice-laden and dry regolith, ice-laden and water-laden regolith, or pristine and cemented regolith. A correlation between wall valley head depth and local thickness of the faulted layer suggests that the 1-km discontinuity also controlled the depth of the heads of sapping canyons. There is no apparent relation between the pit and trough depths and the local thickness of the faulted layer, which can be explained if pits and troughs developed by subsidence into underlying tension cracks that disrupted the 1-km discontinuity. The data do suggest, however, that erosion of shallow pits and troughs was influenced by the 1-km discontinuity. The third discontinuity, at a depth of 2–3 km, corresponds to the proposed base of the Martian megaregolith and is probably the interface between overlying, ejected breccia and in situ, fractured basement rocks.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB095iB09p14231","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Davis, P.A., and Golombek, M., 1990, Discontinuities in the shallow Martian crust at Lunae, Syria, and Sinai Plana: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 95, no. B9, p. 14231-14248, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB095iB09p14231.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"14231","endPage":"14248","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223786,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"95","issue":"B9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a01ebe4b0c8380cd4fdb7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, P. A.","contributorId":74021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Golombek, M.P.","contributorId":52696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Golombek","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016229,"text":"70016229 - 1990 - Variations in fault slip and strain accumulation at Parkfield, California: Initial results using two-color geodimeter measurements 1984-1988","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-24T16:23:28.635268","indexId":"70016229","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variations in fault slip and strain accumulation at Parkfield, California: Initial results using two-color geodimeter measurements 1984-1988","docAbstract":"

Repeated length measurements of several geodetic baselines near Parkfield, California, have revealed significant variations in the local rates of shallow fault slip and strain. This network of baselines, surveyed several times each week, straddles the San Andreas fault in the transition zone between the creeping section to the northwest and the locked section to the southeast. The length measurements, characterized by a precision approaching 0.1 ppm, reveal large fluctuations in the rates of baseline extension. Principal mode analysis of the length change data indicates that the two largest components of the signal are (1) secular extensions and contractions consistent with surface slip on the main strand of the San Andreas fault, and (2) a large seasonal oscillation with no obvious spatial coherence. On most of these baselines, the second component appears to be in phase with seasonal rainfall. When data from the baselines with the largest amplitude of the seasonal signal are excluded, the remaining data can be modeled in terms of both spatial and temporal variations in surface slip, variations in the components of the changes in uniform strain, and the possible displacement of the central monument in this radial network. In parameterizing this model, the spatial variation of slip beneath the near surface is reflected by changes in shear strain. Although the computed secular shear is highly dependent upon the specified parameterization of surface slip, the data are consistent with the hypothesis that slip at intermediate depths lags behind the surface slip rate. However, the range in models that fit the data does not necessarily imply that there is a deficit in slip at depth relative to the surface. Comparison of the inferred values of surface slip from the model with the observed fault slip measured by very short baseline creep meters indicates close agreement in secular rates, but the short-term variations observed with the creep meters are either highly attenuated or nonexistent in the modeled slip since the modeled slip is a spatial average which smooths out possible short-wavelength variations in the surface slip for which the creep instruments are most sensitive. An interesting conclusion from the two-color data is that surface slip on the San Andreas fault appears to be spread over a 2-km-wide zone on the south flank of Middle Mountain but is confined to a very narrow zone to the south as the fault passes through the center of the network. This conclusion is dependent upon the assumption that a few critical monuments are stable and track tectonic displacements in the long term. Finally, the largest observed strain change is an extensional strain coincident with the Kettleman Hills earthquake M5.5 in August 1985.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB095iB03p02533","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Langbein, J.O., Burford, R.O., and Slater, L., 1990, Variations in fault slip and strain accumulation at Parkfield, California: Initial results using two-color geodimeter measurements 1984-1988: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 95, no. B3, p. 2533-2552, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB095iB03p02533.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"2533","endPage":"2552","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223560,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"95","issue":"B3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc17de4b08c986b32a5d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langbein, J. O.","contributorId":39404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langbein","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burford, Robert O.","contributorId":52560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burford","given":"Robert","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Slater, L.E.","contributorId":35063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slater","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70016332,"text":"70016332 - 1990 - Rupture process of a multiple main shock sequence: analysis of teleseismic, local and field observations of the Tennant Creek, Australia, earthquakes of January 22, 1988","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-24T15:43:52.901579","indexId":"70016332","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rupture process of a multiple main shock sequence: analysis of teleseismic, local and field observations of the Tennant Creek, Australia, earthquakes of January 22, 1988","docAbstract":"

On January 22, 1988, three large intraplate earthquakes (with MS 6.3, 6.4, and 6.7) occurred within a 12-hour period near Tennant Creek, Australia. These earthquakes, which occurred over a small interval of time and within a small volume of space, present a unique opportunity to study the rupture process of the class of intraplate earthquakes that occur as multiple main shocks. Broadband displacement and velocity records of body waves from teleseismically recorded data are analyzed to determine source mechanisms, depths, and complexity of rupture of each of the three main shocks. Hypocenters of an additional 150 foreshocks and aftershocks constrained by local arrival time data and field observations of surface rupture are used to complement the source characteristics of the main shocks in order to derive as complete a description of the rupture process as possible. The interpretation of the combined data sets suggests that the overall rupture process involved unusually complicated stress release. As locations of the main shock hypocenters progressively moved from west to east, we infer that the first and third main shocks, denoted as MS1 and MS3, produced the southeast-northwest trending scarps observed at the western end (the Kunayungku fault) and at the eastern end (the east end of the Lake Surprise fault), respectively, of the rupture zone. The epicenter of the only immediate foreshock was located in the gap between these two fault scarps. MS1 nucleated near this epicenter and ruptured upward and to the northwest from a depth of 6.5 km. MS3 ruptured predominantly to the SE at a depth of 4.5 km. The second main shock, MS2, is inferred to have produced the deformation of the southwest trending central scarp segment (the western end of the Lake Surprise fault). From the sense of thrusting seen at the surface and from the distribution of aftershock hypocenters, the south dipping nodal planes derived from waveform modeling are identified as the fault planes for earthquakes MS1 and MS3. In contrast, the dip of the central fault scarp is reversed relative to the dips of the western and eastern fault scarps. The rupture process Of MS2 turns out to be commensurately complex and sufficiently explains the geological complexity. MS2 consisted of three subevents. The southeast dipping nodal plane of the first two subevents is coplanar with a southeast dipping plane implied by locations of aftershocks which did not break the surface. Choice of the north dipping plane as the rupture plane of the third subevent, consistent with the surface deformation and coplanar with a second plane delineated by aftershocks, would imply conjugate faulting. The majority of the aftershocks are concentrated near the edges of the fault planes, and there is an absence of activity in the center of the planes. The areas of absent activity may represent the failed asperities of the main shocks in which substantial stress relief occurred. The rupture process of each main shock is characterized by the rapid release of energy followed by a much slower release of moment and by aftershock zones whose dimensions exceed the inferred dimensions of the rupture. These characteristics suggest that substantial slow slip occurred on each of the three fault interfaces that was not accompanied by major energy release. The first main shock nucleated at the deepest part of its aftershock zone and ruptured upward. In contrast, MS2 and MS3 nucleated at depths that were one third to one half of the maximum depth of their aftershock zones. This variation of focal depth and the strong increase of moment and radiated energy with each main shock imply that lateral variations of strength were more important than vertical gradients of shear stress in controlling the progression of rupture.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB095iB05p06867","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Choy, G.L., and Bowman, J.R., 1990, Rupture process of a multiple main shock sequence: analysis of teleseismic, local and field observations of the Tennant Creek, Australia, earthquakes of January 22, 1988: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 95, no. B5, p. 6867-6882, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB095iB05p06867.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"6867","endPage":"6882","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222904,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"95","issue":"B5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaed7e4b0c8380cd87253","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Choy, G. L. 0000-0002-0217-5555","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0217-5555","contributorId":78322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choy","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bowman, J. R.","contributorId":29496,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016527,"text":"70016527 - 1990 - Thermal history of rocks in southern San Joaquin Valley, California: evidence from fission-track analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-19T15:41:06.80496","indexId":"70016527","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thermal history of rocks in southern San Joaquin Valley, California: evidence from fission-track analysis","docAbstract":"

The theory of the fission-track method and its application to sedimentary basin analysis is illustrated by a case study in the southern San Joaquin Valley, California. Fission tracks provide a powerful tool for studying the thermal history of sedimentary basins because the two minerals most commonly used in fission-track studies, apatite and zircon, occur as detrital constituents in many sedimentary rocks, and their annealing temperatures span the main temperature range for oil generation. Fission tracks also provide information on the sedimentation record and provenance of rocks in a basin.

We have used fission-track analysis to study the thermal and depositional history of the subsurface Tertiary sedimentary rocks on both sides of the active White Wolf reverse fault in the southern San Joaquin Valley. The distinctly different thermal histories of the rocks in the two structural blocks are clearly reflected in the apatite fission-track data, which suggest that rocks in the rapidly subsiding basin northwest of the fault have been near their present temperature for only about 1 m.y. compared with about 10 m.y. for rocks southeast of the fault. These estimates of heating time agree with previous estimates for these rocks.

Zircon fission-track data indicate that the Tertiary sediments were derived from parent rocks of more than one age. However, from at least the Eocene to late Miocene or Pliocene, the major sediment source was rocks related to the youngest Sierra Nevada Mesozoic intrusive complexes, which are presently exposed east and south of the southern San Joaquin Valley.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/0C9B21F5-1710-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Naeser, N.D., Naeser, C.W., and McCulloh, T.H., 1990, Thermal history of rocks in southern San Joaquin Valley, California: evidence from fission-track analysis: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 74, no. 1, p. 13-29, https://doi.org/10.1306/0C9B21F5-1710-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"13","endPage":"29","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223528,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"southern San Joaquin Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.25,\n 35.25\n ],\n [\n -119.25,\n 34.875\n ],\n [\n -118.875,\n 34.875\n ],\n [\n -118.875,\n 35.25\n ],\n [\n -119.25,\n 35.25\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"74","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb223e4b08c986b32560c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Naeser, Nancy D.","contributorId":82753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naeser","given":"Nancy","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Naeser, Charles W.","contributorId":76281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naeser","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCulloh, Thane H.","contributorId":100450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCulloh","given":"Thane","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70016163,"text":"70016163 - 1990 - Instantaneous and daily values of the surface energy balance over agricultural fields using remote sensing and a reference field in an arid environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-20T09:52:24","indexId":"70016163","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Instantaneous and daily values of the surface energy balance over agricultural fields using remote sensing and a reference field in an arid environment","docAbstract":"

Remotely sensed surface temperature and reflectance in the visible and near infrared wavebands along with ancilliary meteorological data provide the capability of computing three of the four surface energy balance components (i.e., net radiation, soil heat flux, and sensible heat flux) at different spatial and temporal scales. As a result, under nonadvective conditions, this enables the estimation of the remaining term (i.e., the latent heat flux). One of the practical applications with this approach is to produce evapotranspiration (ET) maps for agricultural regions which consist of an array of fields containing different crops at varying stages of growth and soil moisture conditions. Such a situation exists in the semiarid southwest at the University of Arizona Maricopa Agricultural Center, south of Phoenix. For one day (14 June 1987), surface temperature and reflectance measurements from an aircraft 150 m above ground level (agl) were acquired over fields from zero to nearly full cover at four times between 1000 MST and 1130 MST. The diurnal pattern of the surface energy balance was measured over four fields, which included alfalfa at 60% cover, furrowed cotton at 20% and 30% cover, and partially plowed what stubble. Instantaneous and daily values of ET were estimated for a representative area around each flux site with an energy balance model that relies on a reference ET. This reference value was determined with remotely sensed data and several meteorological inputs. The reference ET was adjusted to account for the different surface conditions in the other fields using only remotely sensed variables. A comparison with the flux measurements suggests the model has difficulties with partial canopy conditions, especially related to the estimation of the sensible heat flux. The resulting errors for instantaneous ET were on the order of 100 W m−2 and for daily values of order 2 mm day−1. These findings suggest future research should involve development of methods to account for the variability of meteorological parameters brought about by changes in surface conditions and improvements in the modeling of sensible heat transfer across the surface—atmosphere interface for partial canopy conditions using remote sensing information.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0034-4257(90)90013-C","issn":"00344257","usgsCitation":"Kustas, W.P., Moran, M.S., Jackson, R.D., Gay, L.W., Duell, L., Kunkel, K.E., and Matthias, A., 1990, Instantaneous and daily values of the surface energy balance over agricultural fields using remote sensing and a reference field in an arid environment: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 32, no. 2-3, p. 125-141, https://doi.org/10.1016/0034-4257(90)90013-C.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"125","endPage":"141","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":223199,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3c28e4b0c8380cd62b09","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kustas, William P.","contributorId":29962,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kustas","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":6622,"text":"US Department of Agriculture","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":372711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moran, M. S.","contributorId":91630,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moran","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jackson, R. D.","contributorId":30758,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jackson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6622,"text":"US Department of Agriculture","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":372712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gay, L. W.","contributorId":53526,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gay","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Duell, L.F.W.","contributorId":11765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duell","given":"L.F.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kunkel, K. E.","contributorId":83626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunkel","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Matthias, A.D.","contributorId":36296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matthias","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70015929,"text":"70015929 - 1990 - Fluid-inclusion technique for determining maximum temperature in calcite and its comparison to the vitrinite reflectance geothermometer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-24T01:23:10.162313","indexId":"70015929","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fluid-inclusion technique for determining maximum temperature in calcite and its comparison to the vitrinite reflectance geothermometer","docAbstract":"

Theory, laboratory experiments, and empirical observation suggest that many aqueous fluid inclusions in calcite reequilibrate during overheating, and therefore some homogenization temperatures (Th) record a temperature close to the maximum reached by the rock. This characteristic suggests that aqueous fluid inclusions in calcite can be used to establish maximum temperature (Tpeak). To test this hypothesis, we have compiled fluid inclusion Tpeak, mean random vitrinite reflectance (Rm), and present-day Tpeak from 46 diverse geologic systems that have been at Tpeak from 104 to 106 yr. Present Tpeak ranged from 65 to 345 °C, Th modes and means ranged from 59 to 350 °C, and Rm data ranged from 0.4% to 4.6%, spanning the temperature and thermal maturity range associated with burial diagenesis, hydrothermal alteration, and low-grade metamorphism.

","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1990)018<1003:FITFDM>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Barker, C., and Goldstein, R., 1990, Fluid-inclusion technique for determining maximum temperature in calcite and its comparison to the vitrinite reflectance geothermometer: Geology, v. 18, no. 10, p. 1003-1006, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1990)018<1003:FITFDM>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1003","endPage":"1006","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223439,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a127be4b0c8380cd54317","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barker, C.E.","contributorId":69991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barker","given":"C.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldstein, R.H.","contributorId":18908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldstein","given":"R.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016199,"text":"70016199 - 1990 - Prediction of stream volatilization coefficients","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-17T15:54:36","indexId":"70016199","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2255,"text":"Journal of Environmental Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prediction of stream volatilization coefficients","docAbstract":"Equations are developed for predicting the liquid-film and gas-film reference-substance parameters for quantifying volatilization of organic solutes from streams. Molecular weight and molecular-diffusion coefficients of the solute are used as correlating parameters. Equations for predicting molecular-diffusion coefficients of organic solutes in water and air are developed, with molecular weight and molal volume as parameters. Mean absolute errors of prediction for diffusion coefficients in water are 9.97% for the molecular-weight equation, 6.45% for the molal-volume equation. The mean absolute error for the diffusion coefficient in air is 5.79% for the molal-volume equation. Molecular weight is not a satisfactory correlating parameter for diffusion in air because two equations are necessary to describe the values in the data set. The best predictive equation for the liquid-film reference-substance parameter has a mean absolute error of 5.74%, with molal volume as the correlating parameter. The best equation for the gas-film parameter has a mean absolute error of 7.80%, with molecular weight as the correlating parameter.","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1990)116:3(615)","issn":"07339372","usgsCitation":"Rathbun, R.E., 1990, Prediction of stream volatilization coefficients: Journal of Environmental Engineering, v. 116, no. 3, p. 615-631, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1990)116:3(615).","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"615","endPage":"631","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":222999,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"116","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a81f3e4b0c8380cd7b80a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rathbun, Ronald E.","contributorId":59952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rathbun","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70242102,"text":"70242102 - 1990 - Synthetic seismogram analysis of locally-recorded mine tremors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-06T17:17:00.39831","indexId":"70242102","displayToPublicDate":"1989-08-01T12:05:39","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Synthetic seismogram analysis of locally-recorded mine tremors","docAbstract":"

The fitting of synthetic seismograms to locally-recorded, broad-band, wide dynamic range seismic data is a very effective means of determining both seismic source parameters and focal mechanisms of mine tremors. Using data from a single three-component surface station, in conjunction with a seismic location network, a comprehensive description of the seismic source process can be obtained by the trial and error calculation of synthetic seismograms, for a point source in a homogeneous half-space, until the ground motion observed at the surface is matched. This methodology was applied to two tremors located in the Vaal Reefs Gold Mine, near Klerksdorp, South Africa, and was used to relate these events to the geological and mining situation in the environs of each hypocenter.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"ISRM International Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"ISRM International Symposium","conferenceDate":"August 30-September 2, 1989","conferenceLocation":"Pau, France","language":"English","publisher":"International Society for Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering","usgsCitation":"McGarr, A., and Bicknell, J., 1990, Synthetic seismogram analysis of locally-recorded mine tremors, in ISRM International Symposium, Pau, France, August 30-September 2, 1989, p. 1407-1413.","productDescription":"ISRM-IS-1989-168, 7 p.","startPage":"1407","endPage":"1413","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415352,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":415351,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://onepetro.org/ISRMIS/proceedings-abstract/IS89/All-IS89/ISRM-IS-1989-168/44862"}],"country":"South Africa","city":"Klerksdorp","otherGeospatial":"Vaal Reefs Gold Mine","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 26.710983256632602,\n -26.915421536909477\n ],\n [\n 26.710983256632602,\n -26.97563446473641\n ],\n [\n 26.792348524764947,\n -26.97563446473641\n ],\n [\n 26.792348524764947,\n -26.915421536909477\n ],\n [\n 26.710983256632602,\n -26.915421536909477\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGarr, Arthur 0000-0001-9769-4093 mcgarr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9769-4093","contributorId":205450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGarr","given":"Arthur","email":"mcgarr@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":868905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bicknell, J.","contributorId":107433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bicknell","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":54653,"text":"wdrMDDE891 - 1989 - Water resources data Maryland and Delaware, water year 1989, Volume 1. Atlantic Slope Basins, Delaware River through Patuxent River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-22T19:36:17.0716","indexId":"wdrMDDE891","displayToPublicDate":"2021-01-22T14:45:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"MD-DE-89-1","displayTitle":"Water Resources Data Maryland and Delaware, Water Year 1989, Volume 1. Atlantic Slope Basins, Delaware River through Patuxent River","title":"Water resources data Maryland and Delaware, water year 1989, Volume 1. Atlantic Slope Basins, Delaware River through Patuxent River","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrMDDE891","usgsCitation":"James, R., Simmons, R., Strain, B., and Smigaj, M., 1989, Water resources data Maryland and Delaware, water year 1989, Volume 1. 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Contact Pubs Warehouse

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No abstract available.

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","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb724","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"James, R.W.","contributorId":70434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"James","given":"R.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simmons, R.H.","contributorId":19982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simmons","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Strain, B.F.","contributorId":76388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strain","given":"B.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smigaj, M.J.","contributorId":17682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smigaj","given":"M.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70179793,"text":"70179793 - 1989 - Water use data for public water suppliers and self supplied industry in Utah: 1986, 1987","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-19T09:22:13","indexId":"70179793","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5267,"text":"Utah Division of Water Rights Water-Use Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"7","title":"Water use data for public water suppliers and self supplied industry in Utah: 1986, 1987","docAbstract":"

This is the seventh in a continuing series of reports presenting water use data for Utah. The report is a summary of data collected under the Utah Water Use program, a cooperative program between the Utah Division of Water Rights and the United States Geological Survey (USGS)

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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"587f3df5e4b0d96de2564593"} ,{"id":70179997,"text":"70179997 - 1989 - Ground-water conditions in Utah, spring of 1989","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-20T17:52:01","indexId":"70179997","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":110,"text":"Cooperative Investigations Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"29","title":"Ground-water conditions in Utah, spring of 1989","docAbstract":"

This is the twenty-sixth in a series of annual reports that describe ground-water conditions in Utah. Reports in this series, published cooperatively by the U.S. Geological Survey and the Utah Division of Water Resources, provide data to enable interested parties to keep abreast of changing ground-water conditions.

This report, like the others in the series, contains information on well construction, ground-water withdrawal from wells, water-level changes, and related changes in precipitation and streamflow. Supplementary data such as graphs showing chemical quality of water and maps showing water-level contours are included in reports of this series only for those years or areas for which applicable data are available and are important to a discussion of changing ground-water conditions.

This report includes individual discussions of selected major areas of ground-water development in the State for the calendar year 1988. Water-level fluctuations, however, are described from the spring of 1988 to the spring of 1989. Much of the data used in this report were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Division of Water Rights, Utah Department of Natural Resources.

","language":"English","publisher":"Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Resources","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Utah, Division of Water Resources and Division of Water Rights","usgsCitation":"Burden, C.B., Smith, G.J., Greene, M.R., Eads, J.P., Allen, D., Yarbrough, J.A., Brooks, L.E., Garrett, R., Brothers, W., Puchta, R.W., Swenson, R., Emett, D.C., Overman, W., Sandberg, G.W., and Thomas, B., 1989, Ground-water conditions in Utah, spring of 1989: Cooperative Investigations Report 29, vii, 83 p.","productDescription":"vii, 83 p.","numberOfPages":"92","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333660,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":333659,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.waterrights.utah.gov/cgi-bin/libview.exe?Modinfo=Viewpub&LIBNUM=50-1-176"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5883303be4b0d00231637822","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burden, Carole B. cburden@usgs.gov","contributorId":852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burden","given":"Carole","email":"cburden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":659626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, G. J.","contributorId":80767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Greene, Michael R.","contributorId":24809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greene","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eads, James P.","contributorId":178506,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eads","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Allen, D.V.","contributorId":6129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"D.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Yarbrough, John A.","contributorId":178539,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yarbrough","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Brooks, Lynette E. 0000-0002-9074-0939 lebrooks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9074-0939","contributorId":2718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Lynette","email":"lebrooks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":659632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Garrett, R. B.","contributorId":35810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrett","given":"R. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Brothers, W.C.","contributorId":56671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brothers","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Puchta, R. W","contributorId":177482,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Puchta","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Swenson, R.L.","contributorId":178508,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Swenson","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Emett, D. C.","contributorId":21213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emett","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Overman, W.R.","contributorId":178509,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Overman","given":"W.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Sandberg, G. W.","contributorId":55426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandberg","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Thomas, B.K.","contributorId":177516,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thomas","given":"B.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}} ,{"id":70162017,"text":"70162017 - 1989 - Electrofishing mark-recapture and depletion methodologies evoke behavioral and physiological changes in cutthroat trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-11T15:31:34","indexId":"70162017","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Electrofishing mark-recapture and depletion methodologies evoke behavioral and physiological changes in cutthroat trout","docAbstract":"

We examined the behavioral and physiological responses of wild and hatchery-reared cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki subjected to a single electroshock, electroshock plus marking, and multiple electroshocks in natural and artificial streams. In a natural stream, cutthroat trout released after capture by electrofishing and marking showed distinct behavioral changes: fish immediately sought cover, remained relatively inactive, did not feed, and were easily approached by a diver. An average of 3–4 h was required for 50% of the fish to return to a seemingly normal mode of behavior, although responses varied widely among collection sites. Using the depletion method, we observed little change in normal behavior offish remaining in the stream section (i.e., uncaptured fish) after successive passes with electrofishing gear. In an artificial stream, hatchery-reared and wild cutthroat trout immediately decreased their rates of feeding and aggression after they were electroshocked and marked. Hatchery fish generally recovered in 2–3 h; wild fish required at least 24 h to recover. Analysis of feeding and aggression data by hierarchical rank revealed no distinct recovery trends among hatchery fish of different ranks; among wild cutthroat trout, however, socially dominant fish seemed to recover faster than intermediate and subordinate fish. Physiological indicators of stress (plasma cortisol and blood lactic acid) increased significantly in cutthroat trout subjected to electroshock plus marking or single or multiple electroshocks. As judged by the magnitude of the greatest change in cortisol and lactate, multiple electroshocks elicited the most severe stress response; however, plasma concentrations of both substances had returned to unstressed control levels by 6 h after treatment. It was evident that electrofishing and the procedures involved with estimating fish population size elicited a general stress response that was manifested not only physiologically but also behaviorally. These responses may affect the accuracy of population size estimates by violating key assumptions of the methods, especially the assumption of equal catchability offish.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1989)118<0644:EMADME>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Mesa, M.G., and Schreck, C., 1989, Electrofishing mark-recapture and depletion methodologies evoke behavioral and physiological changes in cutthroat trout: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 118, no. 6, p. 644-658, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1989)118<0644:EMADME>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"644","endPage":"658","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314191,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"118","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5694e042e4b039675d005e19","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mesa, M. G.","contributorId":117330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mesa","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schreck, C.B.","contributorId":11977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreck","given":"C.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70161971,"text":"70161971 - 1989 - Interaction assessment: Rationale and a test using plants","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-11T12:35:12","indexId":"70161971","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1603,"text":"Evolutionary Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interaction assessment: Rationale and a test using plants","docAbstract":"

A non-manipulative method for deriving empirical expressions of population growth parameters from simple field data is presented. The derived expressions can be used to assess the intensity and form of density dependence and interspecies interactions, and have potential for parameterizing more mechanistic models of population dynamics and for use in applied ecology, e.g. land management or environmental risk assessment. The method is based on an assertion of invariant expected fitness across occupied microhabitats. Hence, its success depends upon the degree to which that assertion holds. The assertion, as used here, is broadly applicable. Thus, the method can be expected to yield reliable results even in nonequilibrium communities. Here, we apply the method to data on six desert plant species. Expressions generated from data in one stand, in one year, successfully predict plant cover values in other stands and years. The predicted patterns of plant species interactions are discussed in the light of current knowledge and theorics of desert succession.

","language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF02270916","usgsCitation":"Emlen, J., Freeman, D., and Wagstaff, F., 1989, Interaction assessment: Rationale and a test using plants: Evolutionary Ecology, v. 3, no. 2, p. 115-149, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02270916.","productDescription":"35 p.","startPage":"115","endPage":"149","numberOfPages":"35","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314131,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":314130,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF02270916"}],"volume":"3","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5694e048e4b039675d005e2e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Emlen, J.M.","contributorId":63979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emlen","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Freeman, D.C.","contributorId":21309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wagstaff, F.","contributorId":152151,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wagstaff","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70159101,"text":"70159101 - 1989 - Water-quality data for the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system in the northern coast plain of New Jersey, 1923-86","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-22T09:24:42","indexId":"70159101","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-02T05:15:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesNumber":"19","title":"Water-quality data for the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system in the northern coast plain of New Jersey, 1923-86","docAbstract":"

Ground-water-quality data for the upper and middle aquifers of the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system in Middlesex and Monmouth Counties are compiled for the period 1923-86. A total of 330 wells were sampled: 192 wells in the upper aquifer and 138 wells in the middle aquifer. Most of the complete water-quality analyses were collected after September 1984, as part of a regional ground-water assessment. Well-construction data for the sampled wells also are presented. Public-supply, domestic-supply, industrial, commercial, irrigation, and observation wells were sampled for the study. Field measurements made at the time of sample collection include water temperature, specific conductance , dissolved oxygen, pH, alkalinity, and bicarbonate concentration. Laboratory determinations include common ions, silica, dissolved solids, trace metals, volatile organic compounds, and pesticides. A quality-assurance program was followed to evaluate and assure the quality of the data.

\n

The report also contains a table of lithologic and hydrologic characteristics of the geologic units in the study area, a table of chloride concentrations and field measurements from 1923-86, and statistical summaries of selected water-quality data for the upper and middle aquifers. Many constituents were found in a wide range of concentrations.

\n

Water from more than 25 percent of the wells sampled contained lead concentrations above the detection limit of 10 ug/L (micrograms per liter). Included in this number are some wells that had lead concentrations greater than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) primary drinking-water regulation of 50 ug/L. Cadmium concentrations, although lower than lead concentrations, followed a similar pattern. Water from approximately 25 percent of the wells in the upper aquifer, contain cadmium concentrations equal to or greater than the detection limit of 1 ug/L.

\n

Dissolved iron concentrations ranged from 5 ug/L to 480,000 ug/L. Water from more than 50 percent of the wells sampled contained iron concentrations in excess of the USEPA secondary drinking-water recommended limit of 300 ug/L.

\n

Chloride concentrations greater than the USEPA secondary drinking-water recommended limit of 250 milligrams per liter were found in samples from wells located in the cities of Perth Amboy and South Amboy; in the boroughs of Keansburg, Sayreville, Keyport, and Union Beach; and in the townships of Old Bridge and Woodbridge.

\n

Of 21 samples collected from wells screened in the upper aquifer and analyzed for 30 volatile organic compounds (VOCs), 5 samples contained at least 1 VOC at or above the detection limit. In the middle aquifer, 12 of the 21 samples collected and analyzed for VOCs contained at least 1 VOC greater than the detection limit.

\n

Concentrations of pesticides generally were low. Of the 43 samples collected from wells screened in the upper aquifer and analyzed for pesticides, 4 samples contained concentrations of pesticides at or greater than the detection limit. In the middle aquifer, 6 of 38 samples collected and analyzed for 32 pesticides had at least 1 pesticide with a concentration greater than the detection limit.

\n

 

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","collaboration":"Prepared by the United States Geological Survey in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection Division of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Harriman, D.A., Pope, D.A., and Gordon, A.D., 1989, Water-quality data for the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system in the northern coast plain of New Jersey, 1923-86, Report: iv, 94 p.; 2 Plates: 23.97 x 22.00 inches, 23.70 x 21.93 inches.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 94 p.; 2 Plates: 23.97 x 22.00 inches, 23.70 x 21.93 inches","numberOfPages":"100","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":309926,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70159101.jpg"},{"id":310333,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70159101/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":310334,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70159101/plate-1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":310335,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70159101/plate-2.pdf","text":"Plate 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","county":"Middlesex County, Monmouth County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.6630859375,\n 40.1452892956766\n ],\n [\n -74.6630859375,\n 40.66813955408042\n ],\n [\n -73.94210815429688,\n 40.66813955408042\n ],\n [\n -73.94210815429688,\n 40.1452892956766\n ],\n [\n -74.6630859375,\n 40.1452892956766\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5620cedde4b06217fc478b48","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harriman, Douglas A.","contributorId":70544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harriman","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pope, Daryll A. dpope@usgs.gov","contributorId":3796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"Daryll","email":"dpope@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":577599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gordon, Alison D. 0000-0002-9502-8633 agordon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9502-8633","contributorId":890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gordon","given":"Alison","email":"agordon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":577600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70044339,"text":"70044339 - 1989 - Constraints on the Anadarko Basin-Wichita uplift boundary interpreted from aeromagnetic data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-03T18:33:56","indexId":"70044339","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesNumber":"90","title":"Constraints on the Anadarko Basin-Wichita uplift boundary interpreted from aeromagnetic data","docAbstract":"Modeling and interpretation of aeromagnetic data across the transition between the Anadarko basin and the Wichita uplift in the vicinity of the scarp on the Meers fault (Fig. 1) constrains structural relationships and lithologic contrasts at this boundary. We digitized aeromagnetic data from the map based on a detailed survey flown in 1954 (U.S. Geological Survey, 1975). The flight lines for this survey were oriented east-west, spaced 0.25 mi apart, and flown 500 ft above the ground. The digitized data were gridded using a minimum-curvature gridding program (MINC; Webring, 1981) and plotted as a color-shaded relief map using an unpublished program written by M. W. Webring. The color-shaded relief map was shown in the Anadarko Basin Workshop poster session. Figure 2 is a generalized contour map made from the digitized data, using the unpublished program CONTOURS, written by R. H. Bracken, R. H. Godson, and M. W. Webring.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Anadarko Basin symposium, 1988 (Circular 90)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Oklahoma Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Norman, OK","collaboration":"Proceedings of a symposium held April 5-6, 1988, at Norman, Oklahoma; cosponsored by the Oklahoma Geological Survey and the U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Jones-Cecil, M., and Crone, A.J., 1989, Constraints on the Anadarko Basin-Wichita uplift boundary interpreted from aeromagnetic data, chap. of Anadarko Basin symposium, 1988 (Circular 90), p. 228-232.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"228","endPage":"232","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":268691,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268690,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.ogs.ou.edu/pubsscanned/Circulars/Circular90.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -103.0,33.62 ], [ -103.0,37.0 ], [ -94.43,37.0 ], [ -94.43,33.62 ], [ -103.0,33.62 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51347f03e4b0e1603e4fec40","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones-Cecil, Meridee","contributorId":68313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones-Cecil","given":"Meridee","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crone, Anthony J. 0000-0002-3006-406X crone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3006-406X","contributorId":790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crone","given":"Anthony","email":"crone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1439,"text":"1439 - 1989 - Cartography at the U.S. Geological Survey: the National Mapping Division's cartographic programs, products, design, and technology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-12T11:18:24","indexId":"1439","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T11:04:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":362,"text":"General Information Product","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Cartography at the U.S. Geological Survey: the National Mapping Division's cartographic programs, products, design, and technology","docAbstract":"

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is the prime source of many kinds of topographic and special-purpose maps of the United States and its outlying areas. It is also a prime source of digital map data.

One main goal of the USGS is to provide large-scale topographic map coverage of the entire United States. Most of the Nation is already covered. We expect that initial coverage will be completed by 1991.

For many purposes, many public agencies, private organizations, and individuals need reliable cartographic and geographic knowledge about our Nation. To serve such needs, all USGS maps are compiled to exacting standards of accuracy and content.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/1439","usgsCitation":"Ogrosky, C.E., Gwynn, W., and Jannace, R., 1989, Cartography at the U.S. Geological Survey: the National Mapping Division's cartographic programs, products, design, and technology: General Information Product, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/1439.","productDescription":"26 p.","numberOfPages":"30","costCenters":[{"id":429,"text":"National Mapping Division","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":260254,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/1439/report.pdf"},{"id":260255,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/1439/report-thumb.jpg"}],"publicComments":"Originally prepared for the 1987 U.S. National Report to the International Cartographic Association","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f384e4b0c8380cd4b861","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ogrosky, Charles E.","contributorId":28477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ogrosky","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gwynn, William","contributorId":74625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gwynn","given":"William","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jannace, Richard","contributorId":28855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jannace","given":"Richard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}