The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Fort Worth District; City of Corpus Christi; Guadalupe-Blanco River Authority; San Antonio River Authority; and San Antonio Water System, developed, calibrated, and tested a Hydrological Simulation Program-FORTRAN (HSPF) watershed model to simulate streamflow and suspended-sediment concentrations and loads during 1958-2010 in the lower Nueces River watershed, downstream from Lake Corpus Christi to the Nueces Estuary in south Texas. Data available to simulate suspended-sediment concentrations and loads consisted of historical sediment data collected during 1942-82 in the study area and suspended-sediment concentration data collected periodically by the USGS during 2006-7 and 2010 at three USGS streamflow-gaging stations (08211000 Nueces River near Mathis, Tex. [the Mathis gage], 08211200 Nueces River at Bluntzer, Tex. [the Bluntzer gage], and 08211500 Nueces River at Calallen, Tex. [the Calallen gage]), and at one ungaged location on a Nueces River tributary (USGS station 08211050 Bayou Creek at Farm Road 666 near Mathis, Tex.). The Mathis gage is downstream from Wesley E. Seale Dam, which was completed in 1958 to impound Lake Corpus Christi. Suspended-sediment data collected before and after completion of Wesley E. Seale Dam provide insights to the effects of the dam and reservoir on suspended-sediment loads transported by the lower Nueces River downstream from the dam to the Nueces Estuary. Annual suspended-sediment loads at the Nueces River near the Mathis, Tex., gage were considerably lower for a given annual mean discharge after the dam was completed than before the dam was completed.
\nMost of the suspended sediment transported by the Nueces River downstream from Wesley E. Seale Dam occurred during high-flow releases from the dam or during floods. During October 1964-September 1971, about 536,000 tons of suspended sediment were transported by the Nueces River past the Mathis gage. Of this amount, about 473,000 tons, or about 88 percent, were transported by large runoff events (mean streamflow exceeding 1,000 cubic feet per second).
\nTo develop the watershed model to simulate suspended-sediment concentrations and loads in the lower Nueces River watershed during 1958-2010, streamflow simulations were calibrated and tested with available data for 2001-10 from the Bluntzer and Calallen gages. Streamflow data for the Nueces River obtained from the Mathis gage were used as input to the model at the upstream boundary of the model. Simulated streamflow volumes for the Bluntzer and Calallen gages showed good agreement with measured streamflow volumes. For 2001-10, simulated streamflow at the Calallen gage was within 3 percent of measured streamflow.
\nThe HSPF model was calibrated to simulate suspended sediment using suspended-sediment data collected at the Mathis, Bluntzer, and Calallen gages during 2006-7. Model simulated suspended-sediment loads at the Calallen gage were within 5 percent of loads that were estimated, by regression, from suspended-sediment sample analysis and measured streamflow. The calibrated watershed model was used to estimate streamflow and suspended-sediment loads for 1958-2010, including loads transported to the Nueces Estuary. During 1958-2010, on average, an estimated 288 tons per day (tons/d) of suspended sediment were delivered to the lower Nueces River; an estimated 278 tons/d were delivered to the estuary. The annual suspended-sediment load was highly variable, depending on the occurrence of runoff events and high streamflows. During 1958-2010, the annual total sediment loads to the estuary varied from an estimated 3.8 to 2,490 tons/d. On average, 113 tons/d, or about 39 percent of the estimated annual suspended-sediment contribution, originated from cropland in the study watershed. Releases from Lake Corpus Christi delivered an estimated 94 tons/d of suspended sediment or about 33 percent of the 288 tons/d estimated to have been delivered to the lower Nueces River. Erosion of stream-channel bed and banks accounted for 44 tons/d or about 15 percent of the estimated total suspended-sediment load. All other land categories, except cropland, accounted for an estimated 36 tons/d, or about 12 percent of the total. An estimated 10 tons/d of suspended sediment or about 3 percent of the suspended-sediment load delivered to the lower Nueces River were removed by water withdrawals before reaching the Nueces Estuary.
\nDuring 2010, additional suspended-sediment data were collected during selected runoff events to provide new data for model testing and to help better understand the sources of suspended-sediment loads. The model was updated and used to estimate and compare sediment yields from each of 64 subwatersheds comprising the lower Nueces River watershed study area for three selected runoff events: November 20-21, 2009, September 7-8, 2010, and September 20-21, 2010. These three runoff events were characterized by heavy rainfall centered near the study area and during which minimal streamflow and suspended-sediment load entered the lower Nueces River upstream from Wesley E. Seale Dam. During all three runoff events, model simulations showed that the greatest sediment yields originated from the subwatersheds, which were largely cropland. In particular, the Bayou Creek subwatersheds were major contributors of suspended-sediment load to the lower Nueces River during the selected runoff events. During the November 2009 runoff event, high suspended-sediment concentrations in the Nueces River water withdrawn for the City of Corpus Christi public-water supply caused problems during the water-treatment process, resulting in failure to meet State water-treatment standards for turbidity in drinking water. Model simulations of the November 2009 runoff event showed that the Bayou Creek subwatersheds were the primary source of suspended-sediment loads during that runoff event.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135059","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Fort Worth District; City of Corpus Christi; Guadalupe-Blanco River Authority; San Antonio River Authority; and San Antonio Water System","usgsCitation":"Ockerman, D.J., Heitmuller, F.T., and Wehmeyer, L.L., 2013, Sources of suspended-sediment loads in the lower Nueces River watershed, downstream from Lake Corpus Christi to the Nueces Estuary, south Texas, 1958–2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5059, ix, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135059.","productDescription":"ix, 57 p.","numberOfPages":"67","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271052,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135059.gif"},{"id":271053,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5059/"},{"id":271054,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5059/pdf/sir2013-5059.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Lower Nueces River Watershed","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -98.15,27.72 ], [ -98.15,28.26 ], [ -97.15,28.26 ], [ -97.15,27.72 ], [ -98.15,27.72 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"517107dee4b0053160634243","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ockerman, Darwin J. 0000-0003-1958-1688 ockerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1958-1688","contributorId":1579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ockerman","given":"Darwin","email":"ockerman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heitmuller, Franklin T.","contributorId":67476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heitmuller","given":"Franklin","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wehmeyer, Loren L.","contributorId":90412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wehmeyer","given":"Loren","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70045479,"text":"sir20135058 - 2013 - Baseline assessment of physical characteristics, aquatic biota, and selected water-quality properties at the reach and mesohabitat scale for reaches of Big Cypress, Black Cypress, and Little Cypress Bayous, Big Cypress Basin, northeastern Texas, 2010–11","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-05T14:06:37","indexId":"sir20135058","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5058","title":"Baseline assessment of physical characteristics, aquatic biota, and selected water-quality properties at the reach and mesohabitat scale for reaches of Big Cypress, Black Cypress, and Little Cypress Bayous, Big Cypress Basin, northeastern Texas, 2010–11","docAbstract":"In 2010 and 2011, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Northeast Texas Municipal Water District and the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, did a baseline assessment of physical characteristics and aquatic biota (fish and mussels) collected at the mesohabitat scale for reaches of Big Cypress, Black Cypress, and Little Cypress Bayous in the Big Cypress Basin in northeastern Texas, and measured selected water-quality properties in isolated pools in Black Cypress and Little Cypress. All of the data were collected in the context of prescribed environmental flows. The information acquired during the course of the study will support the long-term monitoring of biota in relation to environmental flow prescriptions for Big Cypress Bayou, Black Cypress Bayou, and Little Cypress Bayou. Data collection and analysis were done at mesohabitat- and reach-specific scales, where a mesohabitat is defined as a discrete area within a stream that exhibits unique depth, velocity, slope, substrate, and cover.
\nBiological and physical characteristic data were collected from two sites on Big Cypress Bayou, and one site on both Black Cypress Bayou and Little Cypress Bayou. The upstream reach of Big Cypress Bayou (USGS station 07346015 Big Cypress Bayou at confluence of French Creek, Jefferson, Texas) is hereinafter referred to as the Big Cypress 02 site. The downstream site on Big Cypress Bayou (USGS station 07346017 Big Cypress Bayou near U.S. Highway 59 near Jefferson, Tex.) is hereinafter referred to as the Big Cypress 01 site and was sampled exclusively for mussels. The sites on Black Cypress Bayou (USGS station 07346044 Black Cypress Bayou near U.S. Highway 59 near Jefferson, Tex.) and Little Cypress Bayou (USGS station 07346071 Little Cypress Bayou near U.S. Highway 59 near Jefferson, Tex.) are hereinafter referred to as the Black Cypress and Little Cypress sites, respectively.
\nA small range of streamflows was targeted for data collection, including a period of low flow during July and August 2010 and a period of very low flow during July 2011. This scenario accounts for variability in the abundance and distribution of fish and mussels and in the physical characteristics of mesohabitats present during different flow conditions. Mussels were not collected from the Little Cypress site. However, a quantitative survey of freshwater mussels was conducted at Big Cypress 01.
\nOf the three reaches where physical habitat data were measured in 2010, Big Cypress 02 was both the widest and deepest, with a mean width of 62.2 feet (ft) and a mean depth of 5.5 ft in main-channel mesohabitats. Little Cypress was the second widest and deepest, with a mean width of 49.9 ft and a mean depth of 4.5 ft in main-channel mesohabitats. Black Cypress was by far the narrowest of the three reaches, with a mean width of 29.1 ft and a mean depth of 3.3 ft in main-channel mesohabitats but it had the highest mean velocity of 0.42 feet per second (ft/s). Appreciably more fish were collected from Big Cypress 02 (596) in summer 2010 compared to Black Cypress (273) or Little Cypress (359), but the total number of fish species collected among the three reaches was similar. Longear sunfish was the most abundant fish species collected from all three sites. The total number of fish species was largest in slow run mesohabitats at Big Cypress 02, fast runs at Black Cypress, and slow runs at Little Cypress. The catch-per-unit-effort of native minnows was largest in fast runs at Big Cypress 02. More species of native minnows, including the ironcolor and emerald shiner, were collected from Little Cypress relative to all other mesohabitats at all sites.
\nFifteen species and 182 individuals of freshwater mussels were collected, with 69.8 percent of the individual mussels collected from Big Cypress 02, 23.6 percent collected from Big Cypress 01, and 6.6 percent collected from Black Cypress. Big Cypress 01was the most species rich site with 13 species, and washboards were the most abundant species overall. Mussels were not collected from Little Cypress because there was no flow in this stream during the targeted sampling period in 2011.
\nOn July 30, 2010, when the estimated streamflow at the site (based on daily mean discharge measured at the upstream gage in conjunction with powerplant withdrawals) was 45 cubic feet per second (ft3/s), Big Cypress 02 had a mean width of 62.2 ft and a mean depth of 5.5 ft in main-channel mesohabitats. On July 27, 2011, when instantaneous streamflow at the site was 10 ft3/s, the mean width and mean depth in main-channel mesohabitats decreased to 49.6 ft and 3.1 ft, respectively. Mean velocity in 2010 (0.31 ft/s) was approximately twice as high as 2011 (0.17 ft/s) in main-channel mesohabitats. About 14 percent more fish were collected from Big Cypress 02 in 2010 relative to 2011, and about 18 percent fewer fish species were identified in 2011 at this site compared to 2010. Longear sunfish, which was the most abundant fish species collected in 2010, was second to western mosquitofish in 2011.
\nIn the absence of flow during fall 2011, the reach at Black Cypress was reduced to four isolated pools, and the reach at Little Cypress was reduced to three isolated pools. Dissolved oxygen, temperature, pH, and specific conductance data were collected from the pools because it was hypothesized that these conditions would be the most limiting with respect to aquatic life. Dissolved oxygen concentrations ranged from 0.58 milligrams per liter (mg/L) to 4.79 mg/L at Black Cypress and from 0.24 mg/L to 5.33 mg/L at Little Cypress; both sites exhibited a stratified pattern in dissolved oxygen concentrations along transect lines, but the pattern was less pronounced at Black Cypress.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135058","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Northeast Texas Municipal Water District and the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality","usgsCitation":"Braun, C.L., and Moring, J., 2013, Baseline assessment of physical characteristics, aquatic biota, and selected water-quality properties at the reach and mesohabitat scale for reaches of Big Cypress, Black Cypress, and Little Cypress Bayous, Big Cypress Basin, northeastern Texas, 2010–11: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5058, vii, 90 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135058.","productDescription":"vii, 90 p.","numberOfPages":"101","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271057,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135058.gif"},{"id":271055,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5058/"},{"id":271056,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5058/sir2013-5058.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Big Cypress Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94.5,32.6 ], [ -94.5,32.5 ], [ -94.17,32.5 ], [ -94.17,32.6 ], [ -94.5,32.6 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"517107d2e4b005316063423f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Braun, Christopher L. 0000-0002-5540-2854 clbraun@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5540-2854","contributorId":925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Braun","given":"Christopher","email":"clbraun@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moring, James B. jbmoring@usgs.gov","contributorId":1509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moring","given":"James B.","email":"jbmoring@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70125479,"text":"70125479 - 2013 - Managing bay and estuarine ecosystems for multiple services","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-18T13:28:32","indexId":"70125479","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-17T13:27:19","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1584,"text":"Estuaries and Coasts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Managing bay and estuarine ecosystems for multiple services","docAbstract":"Managers are moving from a model of managing individual sectors, human activities, or ecosystem services to an ecosystem-based management (EBM) approach which attempts to balance the range of services provided by ecosystems. Applying EBM is often difficult due to inherent tradeoffs in managing for different services. This challenge particularly holds for estuarine systems, which have been heavily altered in most regions and are often subject to intense management interventions. Estuarine managers can often choose among a range of management tactics to enhance a particular service; although some management actions will result in strong tradeoffs, others may enhance multiple services simultaneously. Management of estuarine ecosystems could be improved by distinguishing between optimal management actions for enhancing multiple services and those that have severe tradeoffs. This requires a framework that evaluates tradeoff scenarios and identifies management actions likely to benefit multiple services. We created a management action-services matrix as a first step towards assessing tradeoffs and providing managers with a decision support tool. We found that management actions that restored or enhanced natural vegetation (e.g., salt marsh and mangroves) and some shellfish (particularly oysters and oyster reef habitat) benefited multiple services. In contrast, management actions such as desalination, salt pond creation, sand mining, and large container shipping had large net negative effects on several of the other services considered in the matrix. Our framework provides resource managers a simple way to inform EBM decisions and can also be used as a first step in more sophisticated approaches that model service delivery.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Estuaries and Coasts","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Estuarine Research Federation","publisherLocation":"Port Republic, MD","doi":"10.1007/s12237-013-9602-7","usgsCitation":"Needles, L.A., Lester, S.E., Ambrose, R., Andren, A., Beyeler, M., Connor, M.S., Eckman, J.E., Costa-Pierce, B.A., Gaines, S.D., Lafferty, K.D., Lenihan, J.S., Parrish, J., Peterson, M.S., Scaroni, A.E., Weis, J.S., and Wendt, D.E., 2013, Managing bay and estuarine ecosystems for multiple services: Estuaries and Coasts, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-013-9602-7.","productDescription":"14 p.","numberOfPages":"14","ipdsId":"IP-044843","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294173,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294014,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12237-013-9602-7"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-04-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"541bf43ce4b0e96537ddf762","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Needles, Lisa A.","contributorId":20266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Needles","given":"Lisa","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lester, Sarah E.","contributorId":61689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lester","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ambrose, Richard","contributorId":84675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ambrose","given":"Richard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Andren, Anders","contributorId":42151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andren","given":"Anders","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Beyeler, Marc","contributorId":28546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beyeler","given":"Marc","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Connor, Michael S.","contributorId":82237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connor","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Eckman, James E.","contributorId":42900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eckman","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Costa-Pierce, Barry A.","contributorId":80598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Costa-Pierce","given":"Barry","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Gaines, Steven D.","contributorId":47708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaines","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Lafferty, Kevin D. 0000-0001-7583-4593 klafferty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7583-4593","contributorId":1415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lafferty","given":"Kevin","email":"klafferty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Lenihan, Junter S.","contributorId":6777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lenihan","given":"Junter","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Parrish, Julia","contributorId":39708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parrish","given":"Julia","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Peterson, Mark S.","contributorId":8979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Scaroni, Amy E.","contributorId":68235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scaroni","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Weis, Judith S.","contributorId":71080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weis","given":"Judith","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Wendt, Dean E.","contributorId":53716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wendt","given":"Dean","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16}]}} ,{"id":70045060,"text":"tm12B1 - 2013 - SLAMMER: Seismic LAndslide Movement Modeled using Earthquake Records","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-09T10:42:54","indexId":"tm12B1","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"12-B1","title":"SLAMMER: Seismic LAndslide Movement Modeled using Earthquake Records","docAbstract":"This program is designed to facilitate conducting sliding-block analysis (also called permanent-deformation analysis) of slopes in order to estimate slope behavior during earthquakes. The program allows selection from among more than 2,100 strong-motion records from 28 earthquakes and allows users to add their own records to the collection. Any number of earthquake records can be selected using a search interface that selects records based on desired properties. Sliding-block analyses, using any combination of rigid-block (Newmark), decoupled, and fully coupled methods, are then conducted on the selected group of records, and results are compiled in both graphical and tabular form. Simplified methods for conducting each type of analysis are also included.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Section B in Book 12","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm12B1","collaboration":"This report is Chapter 1 of Section B in Book 12.","usgsCitation":"Jibson, R.W., Rathje, E.M., Jibson, M.W., and Lee, Y.W., 2013, SLAMMER: Seismic LAndslide Movement Modeled using Earthquake Records (First posted April 16, 2013; Revised and reposted November 12, 2014, version 1.1): U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 12-B1, SLAMMER Installation File; ReadMe File, https://doi.org/10.3133/tm12B1.","productDescription":"SLAMMER Installation File; ReadMe File","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-040038","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271025,"rank":4,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm12b1.gif"},{"id":271024,"rank":3,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/12b1/ReadMe.txt"},{"id":271023,"rank":2,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/12b1/slammerinstall.jar"},{"id":271026,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/12b1/"}],"edition":"First posted April 16, 2013; Revised and reposted November 12, 2014, version 1.1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"516fb651e4b05024ef3cd3e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jibson, Randall W. 0000-0003-3399-0875 jibson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3399-0875","contributorId":2985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jibson","given":"Randall","email":"jibson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rathje, Ellen M.","contributorId":9544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rathje","given":"Ellen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jibson, Matthew W.","contributorId":69199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jibson","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lee, Yong W.","contributorId":20241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Yong","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70046059,"text":"70046059 - 2013 - Thermal maturity of northern Appalachian Basin Devonian shales: Insights from sterane and terpane biomarkers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-15T14:58:26.066498","indexId":"70046059","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1709,"text":"Fuel","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thermal maturity of northern Appalachian Basin Devonian shales: Insights from sterane and terpane biomarkers","docAbstract":"To better estimate thermal maturity of Devonian shales in the northern Appalachian Basin, eleven samples of Marcellus and Huron Shale were characterized via multiple analytical techniques. Vitrinite reflectance, Rock–Eval pyrolysis, gas chromatography (GC) of whole rock extracts, and GC–mass spectrometry (GCMS) of extract saturate fractions were evaluated on three transects that lie across previously documented regional thermal maturity isolines. Results from vitrinite reflectance suggest that most samples are immature with respect to hydrocarbon generation. However, bulk geochemical data and sterane and terpane biomarker ratios from GCMS suggest that almost all samples are in the oil window. This observation is consistent with the presence of thermogenic gas in the study area and higher vitrinite reflectance values recorded from overlying Pennsylvanian coals. These results suggest that vitrinite reflectance is a poor predictor of thermal maturity in early mature areas of Devonian shale, perhaps because reported measurements often include determinations of solid bitumen reflectance. Vitrinite reflectance interpretations in areas of early mature Devonian shale should be supplanted by evaluation of thermal maturity information from biomarker ratios and bulk geochemical data.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2012.12.032","usgsCitation":"Hackley, P.C., Ryder, R., Trippi, M.H., and Alimi, H., 2013, Thermal maturity of northern Appalachian Basin Devonian shales: Insights from sterane and terpane biomarkers: Fuel, v. 106, p. 455-462, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2012.12.032.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"455","endPage":"462","ipdsId":"IP-037359","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273027,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, West Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Appalachian Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.98071289062499,\n 38.93377552819722\n ],\n [\n -77.5634765625,\n 40.153686857794035\n ],\n [\n -76.9921875,\n 40.9964840143779\n ],\n [\n -76.256103515625,\n 42.5530802889558\n ],\n [\n -77.95898437499999,\n 42.80346172417078\n ],\n [\n -79.94750976562499,\n 42.16340342422401\n ],\n [\n -81.463623046875,\n 41.1290213474951\n ],\n [\n -82.562255859375,\n 38.324420427006544\n ],\n [\n -80.57373046875,\n 37.42252593456307\n ],\n [\n -79.178466796875,\n 38.35888785866677\n ],\n [\n -78.98071289062499,\n 38.93377552819722\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"106","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51a874ebe4b082d85d5ed8fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hackley, Paul C. 0000-0002-5957-2551 phackley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5957-2551","contributorId":592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hackley","given":"Paul","email":"phackley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ryder, Robert T.","contributorId":77918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryder","given":"Robert T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Trippi, Michael H. 0000-0002-1398-3427 mtrippi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1398-3427","contributorId":941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trippi","given":"Michael","email":"mtrippi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Alimi, Hossein","contributorId":74279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alimi","given":"Hossein","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70073701,"text":"70073701 - 2013 - Enriquillo–Plantain Garden fault zone in Jamaica: paleoseismology and seismic hazard","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-21T16:07:45","indexId":"70073701","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-16T15:48:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Enriquillo–Plantain Garden fault zone in Jamaica: paleoseismology and seismic hazard","docAbstract":"The countries of Jamaica, Haiti, and the Dominican Republic all straddle the Enriquillo–Plantain Garden fault zone ( EPGFZ), a major left-lateral, strike-slip fault system bounding the Caribbean and North American plates. Past large earthquakes that destroyed the capital cities of Kingston, Jamaica (1692, 1907), and Port-au-Prince, Haiti (1751, 1770), as well as the 2010 Haiti earthquake that killed more than 50,000 people, have heightened awareness of seismic hazards in the northern Caribbean. We present here new geomorphic and paleoseismic information bearing on the location and relative activity of the EPGFZ, which marks the plate boundary in Jamaica. Documentation of a river bank exposure and several trenches indicate that this fault is active and has the potential to cause major destructive earthquakes in Jamaica. The results suggest that the fault has not ruptured the surface in at least 500 yr and possibly as long as 28 ka. The long period of quiescence and subdued geomorphic expression of the EPGFZ indicates that it may only accommodate part of the ∼7–9 mm=yr plate deformation rate measured geodetically and that slip may be partitioned on other undocumented faults. Large uncertainties related to the neotectonic framework of Jamaica remain and more detailed fault characterization studies are necessary to accurately assess seismic hazards.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120120215","usgsCitation":"Koehler, R., Mann, P., Prentice, C.S., Brown, L., Benford, B., and Grandison-Wiggins, M., 2013, Enriquillo–Plantain Garden fault zone in Jamaica: paleoseismology and seismic hazard: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 103, no. 2A, p. 971-983, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120120215.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"971","endPage":"983","ipdsId":"IP-027596","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281353,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281351,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120120215"}],"country":"Jamaica","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -78.5792,17.509 ], [ -78.5792,18.725 ], [ -75.9722,18.725 ], [ -75.9722,17.509 ], [ -78.5792,17.509 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"103","issue":"2A","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-03-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd578ae4b0b290850f789e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koehler, R.D.","contributorId":55925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koehler","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mann, P.","contributorId":55167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mann","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Prentice, Carol S. 0000-0003-3732-3551 cprentice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3732-3551","contributorId":2676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prentice","given":"Carol","email":"cprentice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brown, L. 0000-0001-6702-4531","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6702-4531","contributorId":56995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Benford, B.","contributorId":19468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benford","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Grandison-Wiggins, M.","contributorId":92966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grandison-Wiggins","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70045440,"text":"ds755 - 2013 - Quantitative determination of selenium and mercury, and an ICP-MS semi-quantitative scan of other elements in samples of eagle tissues collected from the Pacific Northwest--Summer 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-16T12:58:21","indexId":"ds755","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"755","title":"Quantitative determination of selenium and mercury, and an ICP-MS semi-quantitative scan of other elements in samples of eagle tissues collected from the Pacific Northwest--Summer 2011","docAbstract":"Eagle tissues from dead eagle carcasses were collected by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service personnel at various locations in the Pacific Northwest as part of a study to document the occurrence of metal and metalloid contaminants. A group of 182 eagle tissue samples, consisting of liver, kidney, brain, talon, feather, femur, humerus, and stomach contents, were quantitatively analyzed for concentrations of selenium and mercury by atomic absorption techniques, and for other elements by semi-quantitative scan with an inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer. For the various tissue matrices analyzed by an ICP-MS semiquantitative scan, some elemental concentrations (micrograms per gram dry weight) were quite variable within a particular matrix; notable observations were as follows: lead concentrations ranged from 0.2 to 31 in femurs, 0.1 to 29 in humeri, 0.1 to 54 in talons, less than (<) 0.05 to 120 in livers, <0.05 to 34 in kidneys, and 0.05 to 8 in brains; copper concentrations ranged from 5 to 9 in feathers, 8 to 47 in livers, 7 to 43 in kidneys, and 7 to 28 in brains; cadmium concentrations ranged from 0.1 to 10 in kidneys. In stomach contents, concentrations of vanadium ranged from 0.08 to 5, chromium 2 to 34, manganese 1 to 57, copper 2 to 69, arsenic <0.05 to 6, rubidium 1 to 13, and barium <0.5 to 18. Selenium concentrations from highest to lowest based on the matrix mean were as follows: kidney, liver, feather, brain, stomach content, talon, femur, and humerus. For mercury, the highest to lowest concentrations were feather, liver, talon, brain, stomach content, femur, and humerus.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds755","usgsCitation":"May, T., Walther, M., and Brumbaugh, W., 2013, Quantitative determination of selenium and mercury, and an ICP-MS semi-quantitative scan of other elements in samples of eagle tissues collected from the Pacific Northwest--Summer 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 755, iii, 3 p.; Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds755.","productDescription":"iii, 3 p.; Tables","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2011-06-21","temporalEnd":"2011-09-22","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270997,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds755.gif"},{"id":270995,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/755/ds755_web.pdf"},{"id":270996,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/755/downloads/ds755_tables.xls"},{"id":270994,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/755/"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.7857,32.53 ], [ -124.7857,49.0 ], [ -111.04,49.0 ], [ -111.04,32.53 ], [ -124.7857,32.53 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"516e64dae4b00154e4368b67","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"May, Thomas","contributorId":39259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walther, Mike","contributorId":9137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walther","given":"Mike","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brumbaugh, William","contributorId":48462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brumbaugh","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70045486,"text":"70045486 - 2013 - Modeling light use efficiency in a subtropical mangrove forest equipped with CO2 eddy covariance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-19T14:02:26","indexId":"70045486","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1011,"text":"Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling light use efficiency in a subtropical mangrove forest equipped with CO2 eddy covariance","docAbstract":"Despite the importance of mangrove ecosystems in the global carbon budget, the relationships between environmental drivers and carbon dynamics in these forests remain poorly understood. This limited understanding is partly a result of the challenges associated with in situ flux studies. Tower-based CO2 eddy covariance (EC) systems are installed in only a few mangrove forests worldwide, and the longest EC record from the Florida Everglades contains less than 9 years of observations. A primary goal of the present study was to develop a methodology to estimate canopy-scale photosynthetic light use efficiency in this forest. These tower-based observations represent a basis for associating CO2 fluxes with canopy light use properties, and thus provide the means for utilizing satellite-based reflectance data for larger scale investigations. We present a model for mangrove canopy light use efficiency utilizing the enhanced green vegetation index (EVI) derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) that is capable of predicting changes in mangrove forest CO2 fluxes caused by a hurricane disturbance and changes in regional environmental conditions, including temperature and salinity. Model parameters are solved for in a Bayesian framework. The model structure requires estimates of ecosystem respiration (RE), and we present the first ever tower-based estimates of mangrove forest RE derived from nighttime CO2 fluxes. Our investigation is also the first to show the effects of salinity on mangrove forest CO2 uptake, which declines 5% per each 10 parts per thousand (ppt) increase in salinity. Light use efficiency in this forest declines with increasing daily photosynthetic active radiation, which is an important departure from the assumption of constant light use efficiency typically applied in satellite-driven models. The model developed here provides a framework for estimating CO2 uptake by these forests from reflectance data and information about environmental conditions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biogeosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Copernicus Publications","publisherLocation":"Göttingen, Germany","doi":"10.5194/bg-10-2145-2013","usgsCitation":"Barr, J., Engel, V., Fuentes, J., Fuller, D., and Kwon, H., 2013, Modeling light use efficiency in a subtropical mangrove forest equipped with CO2 eddy covariance: Biogeosciences, v. 10, p. 2145-2158, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-2145-2013.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"2145","endPage":"2158","numberOfPages":"9","ipdsId":"IP-040912","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473875,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-2145-2013","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":271261,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":271260,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-2145-2013"}],"country":"United States","volume":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-03-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51726790e4b0c173799e79fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barr, J.G.","contributorId":101895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barr","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Engel, V. 0000-0002-3858-7308","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3858-7308","contributorId":107905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engel","given":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fuentes, J.D.","contributorId":8687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuentes","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fuller, D.O.","contributorId":83004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"D.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kwon, H.","contributorId":61317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kwon","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70045272,"text":"70045272 - 2013 - Vulnerability of streams to legacy nitrate sources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-19T15:54:28","indexId":"70045272","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vulnerability of streams to legacy nitrate sources","docAbstract":"The influence of hydrogeologic setting on the susceptibility of streams to legacy nitrate was examined at seven study sites having a wide range of base flow index (BFI) values. BFI is the ratio of base flow to total streamflow volume. The portion of annual stream nitrate loads from base flow was strongly correlated with BFI. Furthermore, dissolved oxygen concentrations in streambed pore water were significantly higher in high BFI watersheds than in low BFI watersheds suggesting that geochemical conditions favor nitrate transport through the bed when BFI is high. Results from a groundwater-surface water interaction study at a high BFI watershed indicate that decades old nitrate-laden water is discharging to this stream. These findings indicate that high nitrate levels in this stream may be sustained for decades to come regardless of current practices. It is hypothesized that a first approximation of stream vulnerability to legacy nutrients may be made by geospatial analysis of watersheds with high nitrogen inputs and a strong connection to groundwater (e.g., high BFI).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications (American Chemical Society)","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1021/es305026x","usgsCitation":"Tesoriero, A., Duff, J., Saad, D.A., Spahr, N.E., and Wolock, D.M., 2013, Vulnerability of streams to legacy nitrate sources: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 47, no. 8, p. 3623-3629, https://doi.org/10.1021/es305026x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"3623","endPage":"3629","numberOfPages":"7","ipdsId":"IP-042808","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271269,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":271268,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es305026x"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana;Maryl;Nebraska;North Carolina;Washington;Wisconsin","volume":"47","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-03-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5172679de4b0c173799e7abe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tesoriero, Anthony J.","contributorId":40207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tesoriero","given":"Anthony J.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":477180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duff, John H.","contributorId":60102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duff","given":"John H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Saad, David A. dasaad@usgs.gov","contributorId":121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saad","given":"David","email":"dasaad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Spahr, Norman E. nspahr@usgs.gov","contributorId":1977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spahr","given":"Norman","email":"nspahr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":477179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wolock, David M. 0000-0002-6209-938X dwolock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-938X","contributorId":540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"David","email":"dwolock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70045456,"text":"ofr20131073 - 2013 - Residential and service-population exposure to multiple natural hazards in the Mount Hood region of Clackamas County, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-16T16:17:45","indexId":"ofr20131073","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1073","title":"Residential and service-population exposure to multiple natural hazards in the Mount Hood region of Clackamas County, Oregon","docAbstract":"The objective of this research is to document residential and service-population exposure to natural hazards in the rural communities of Clackamas County, Oregon, near Mount Hood. The Mount Hood region of Clackamas County has a long history of natural events that have impacted its small, tourism-based communities. To support preparedness and emergency-management planning in the region, a geospatial analysis of population exposure was used to determine the number and type of residents and service populations in flood-, wildfire-, and volcano-related hazard zones. Service populations are a mix of residents and tourists temporarily benefitting from local services, such as retail, education, or recreation. In this study, service population includes day-use visitors at recreational sites, overnight visitors at hotels and resorts, children at schools, and community-center visitors. Although the heavily-forested, rural landscape suggests few people are in the area, there are seasonal peaks of thousands of visitors to the region. “Intelligent” dasymetric mapping efforts using 30-meter resolution land-cover imagery and U.S. Census Bureau data proved ineffective at adequately capturing either the spatial distribution or magnitude of population at risk. Consequently, an address-point-based hybrid dasymetric methodology of assigning population to the physical location of buildings mapped with a global positioning system was employed. The resulting maps of the population (1) provide more precise spatial distributions for hazard-vulnerability assessments, (2) depict appropriate clustering due to higher density structures, such as apartment complexes and multi-unit commercial buildings, and (3) provide new information on the spatial distribution and temporal variation of people utilizing services within the study area.\n\nEstimates of population exposure to flooding, wildfire, and volcanic hazards were determined by using overlay analysis in a geographic information system. Population exposure to flood hazards is low (less than 10 percent of residents) and does not vary substantially between 100-year and 500-year flood-hazard scenarios. Moderate, moderate-to-high, and high wildfire-risk areas within the study region account for 72 percent of residents, 62 percent of employees, and 60 percent of daytime visitors to recreation sites. Fifteen percent of businesses in the study area are in moderate-to-high or high wildfire-risk areas but these businesses represent 51 percent of the local workforce. A volcanic event at Mount Hood could directly impact up to 60 percent of residents in their homes and 87 percent of employees at their workplaces. The proximal volcanic-hazard zone alone includes 65 percent of employees, 80 percent of schools and community facilities, more than 60 percent of overnight visitors in peak seasons, and 82–100 percent of daytime visitors to recreation sites during the summer and winter months, respectively. The number of day-use visitors to recreation sites in the region is greatest during winter months (averaging 129,300 people per month), whereas overnight visitors are greatest during summer months (averaging 34,000 per month). This analysis of residential and service-population exposure to natural hazards supports the development of targeted risk-reduction efforts in the region, while also expanding the discourse on characterizing and assessing population dynamics in tourist-frequented areas.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131073","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Clackamas County Emergency Management Department","usgsCitation":"Mathie, A., and Wood, N., 2013, Residential and service-population exposure to multiple natural hazards in the Mount Hood region of Clackamas County, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1073, iv, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131073.","productDescription":"iv, 48 p.","numberOfPages":"54","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271018,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131073.jpg"},{"id":271017,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1073/pdf/ofr20131073.pdf"},{"id":271016,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1073/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","county":"Clackamas County","otherGeospatial":"Mount Hood","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.868,44.8857 ], [ -122.868,45.4617 ], [ -121.651,45.4617 ], [ -121.651,44.8857 ], [ -122.868,44.8857 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"516e64dbe4b00154e4368b6b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mathie, Amy M.","contributorId":82803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mathie","given":"Amy M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wood, Nathan 0000-0002-6060-9729 nwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6060-9729","contributorId":71151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Nathan","email":"nwood@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":477521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70187066,"text":"70187066 - 2013 - Simulations of tremor-related creep reveal a weak crustal root of the San Andreas Fault","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-21T09:13:13","indexId":"70187066","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulations of tremor-related creep reveal a weak crustal root of the San Andreas Fault","docAbstract":"Deep aseismic roots of faults play a critical role in transferring tectonic loads to shallower, brittle crustal faults that rupture in large earthquakes. Yet, until the recent discovery of deep tremor and creep, direct inference of the physical properties of lower-crustal fault roots has remained elusive. Observations of tremor near Parkfield, CA provide the first evidence for present-day localized slip on the deep extension of the San Andreas Fault and triggered transient creep events. We develop numerical simulations of fault slip to show that the spatiotemporal evolution of triggered tremor near Parkfield is consistent with triggered fault creep governed by laboratory-derived friction laws between depths of 20–35 km on the fault. Simulated creep and observed tremor northwest of Parkfield nearly ceased for 20–30 days in response to small coseismic stress changes of order 104 Pa from the 2003 M6.5 San Simeon Earthquake. Simulated afterslip and observed tremor following the 2004 M6.0 Parkfield earthquake show a coseismically induced pulse of rapid creep and tremor lasting for 1 day followed by a longer 30 day period of sustained accelerated rates due to propagation of shallow afterslip into the lower crust. These creep responses require very low effective normal stress of ~1 MPa on the deep San Andreas Fault and near-neutral-stability frictional properties expected for gabbroic lower-crustal rock.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1002/grl.50216","usgsCitation":"Shelly, D.R., Bradley, A.M., and Johnson, K.M., 2013, Simulations of tremor-related creep reveal a weak crustal root of the San Andreas Fault: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 40, no. 7, p. 1300-1305, https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.50216.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1300","endPage":"1305","ipdsId":"IP-044018","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473874,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.50216","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":340067,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"San Andreas Fault","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122,\n 36.5\n ],\n [\n -119.6666,\n 36.5\n ],\n [\n -119.6666,\n 35\n ],\n [\n -122,\n 35\n ],\n [\n -122,\n 36.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"40","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-04-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58fb1a50e4b0c3010a8087db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shelly, David R. dshelly@usgs.gov","contributorId":2978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shelly","given":"David","email":"dshelly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bradley, Andrew M.","contributorId":191196,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bradley","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, Kaj M.","contributorId":92526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Kaj","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70045399,"text":"cir1383A - 2013 - U.S. Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Change Science Strategy—A Framework for Understanding and Responding to Global Change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-23T21:18:35.601132","indexId":"cir1383A","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-15T17:35:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1383","chapter":"A","displayTitle":"U.S. Geological Survey climate and land use change science strategy—A framework for understanding and responding to global change","title":"U.S. Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Change Science Strategy—A Framework for Understanding and Responding to Global Change","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), a nonregulatory Federal science agency with national scope and responsibilities, is uniquely positioned to serve the Nation’s needs in understanding and responding to global change, including changes in climate, water availability, sea level, land use and land cover, ecosystems, and global biogeochemical cycles. Global change is among the most challenging and formidable issues confronting our Nation and society. Scientists agree that global environmental changes during this century will have far-reaching societal implications (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2007; U.S. Global Change Research Program, 2009). In the face of these challenges, the Nation can benefit greatly by using natural science information in decisionmaking.
Since the passage of the U.S. Global Change Research Act of 1990, the USGS has made substantial scientific contributions to understanding the interactive living and nonliving components of the Earth system. USGS natural science activities have led to fundamental advances in observing and understanding climate and land-cover change and the effects these changes have on ecosystems, natural-resource availability, and societal sustainability. Most of these major advances were pursued in partnership with other organizations within and outside the Department of the Interior. The inherent value of partnerships with other U.S. Global Change Research Program agencies and natural-resource managers is emphasized in all aspects of the planning and implementation of this Science Strategy for the coming decade.
Over the next 10 years, the USGS will make substantial contributions to understanding how Earth systems interact, respond to, and cause global change. The USGS will work with science partners, decisionmakers, and resource managers at local to international levels (including Native American tribes) to improve understanding of past and present change; develop relevant forecasts; and identify those lands, resources, and communities most vulnerable to global change processes. Science will play an essential role in helping communities and land and resource managers understand local to global implications, anticipate effects, prepare for changes, and reduce the risks associated with decisionmaking in a changing environment. USGS partners and stakeholders will benefit from the data, predictive models, and decision-support products and services resulting from the implementation of this strategy.
This Science Strategy recognizes core USGS strengths that are applied to key societal problems. It establishes seven goals for USGS global change science and strategic actions that may be implemented in the short term (1–5 years) and the longer term (5–10 years) to improve our understanding of the following areas of inquiry:
In addition to the seven thematic goals, we address the central role of monitoring in accordance with the USGS Science Strategy recommendation that global change research should rely on existing “…decades of observational data and long-term records to interpret consequences of climate variability and change to the Nation’s biological populations, ecosystems, and land and water resources” (U.S. Geological Survey, 2007, p. 19). We also briefly describe specific needs and opportunities for coordinating USGS global change science among USGS Mission Areas and address the need for a comprehensive and sustained communications strategy.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1383A","usgsCitation":"Burkett, V.R., Kirtland, D.A., Taylor, I.L., Belnap, Jayne, Cronin, T.M., Dettinger, M.D., Frazier, E.L., Haines, J.W., Loveland, T.R., Milly, P.C.D., O’Malley, Robin, Thompson, R.S., Maule, A.G., McMahon, Gerard, and Striegl, R.G., 2013, U.S. Geological Survey climate and land use change science strategy—A framework for understanding and responding to global change: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1383–A, 43 p.","productDescription":"viii, 43 p.","numberOfPages":"56","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270884,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1383a/images/coverthb.gif"},{"id":270883,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1383a/circ1383-A.pdf","text":"Report","size":"20.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"CIR 1383-A"}],"country":"United States","contact":"Land Resources
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
Lamprey populations are in decline worldwide and the status of Pacific lamprey (Entosphenus tridentatus) is a topic of current interest. They and other lamprey species cycle nutrients and serve as prey in riverine ecosystems. To determine the current distribution of Pacific lamprey in major watersheds flowing into Puget Sound, Washington, we sampled lamprey captured during salmonid smolt monitoring that occurred from late winter to mid-summer. We found Pacific lamprey in 12 of 18 watersheds and they were most common in southern Puget Sound watersheds and in watersheds draining western Puget Sound (Hood Canal). Two additional species, western brook lamprey (Lampetra richardsoni) and river lamprey (L. ayresii) were more common in eastern Puget Sound watersheds. Few Pacific lamprey macrophthalmia were found, suggesting that the majority of juveniles migrated seaward during other time periods. In addition, “dwarf” adult Pacific lamprey (< 300 mm) were observed in several watersheds and may represent an alternate life history for some Puget Sound populations. Based on genetic data, the use of visual techniques to identify lamprey ammocoetes as Entosphenus or Lampetra was successful for 97% (34 of 35) of the samples we evaluated.
","language":"English","publisher":"Northwest Scientific Association","doi":"10.3955/046.087.0202","usgsCitation":"Hayes, M.C., Hays, R., Rubin, S.P., Chase, D., Hallock, M., Cook-Tabor, C., Luzier, C.W., and Moser, M., 2013, Distribution of Pacific lamprey Entosphenus tridentatus in watersheds of Puget Sound Based on smolt monitoring data: Northwest Science, v. 87, no. 2, p. 95-105, https://doi.org/10.3955/046.087.0202.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"95","endPage":"105","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-040130","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270873,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Puget Sound","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.7513,47.7495 ], [ -122.7513,48.2117 ], [ -122.3315,48.2117 ], [ -122.3315,47.7495 ], [ -122.7513,47.7495 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"87","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5580e4b0b290850f6571","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hayes, Michael C. 0000-0002-9060-0565 mhayes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9060-0565","contributorId":3017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Michael","email":"mhayes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hays, Richard","contributorId":59320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hays","given":"Richard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rubin, Stephen P. 0000-0003-3054-7173","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3054-7173","contributorId":38037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chase, Dorothy M.","contributorId":59319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chase","given":"Dorothy M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hallock, Molly","contributorId":24251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hallock","given":"Molly","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cook-Tabor, Carrie","contributorId":31649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook-Tabor","given":"Carrie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Luzier, Christina W.","contributorId":37616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luzier","given":"Christina","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Moser, Mary L.","contributorId":83412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moser","given":"Mary L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70156584,"text":"70156584 - 2013 - Delineation of fractures, foliation, and groundwater-flow zones of the bedrock at the Harlem River Tunnel in northern New York County, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-08T19:21:19.951485","indexId":"70156584","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Delineation of fractures, foliation, and groundwater-flow zones of the bedrock at the Harlem River Tunnel in northern New York County, New York","docAbstract":"Advanced borehole-geophysical methods were used to investigate the hydrogeology of the crystalline bedrock in 36 boreholes on the northernmost part of New York County, New York, for the construction of a utilities tunnel beneath the Harlem River. The borehole-logging techniques were used to delineate bedrock fractures, foliation, and groundwater-flow zones in test boreholes at the site. Fracture indexes of the deep boreholes ranged from 0.65 to 0.76 per foot. Most of the fracture populations had either northwest to southwest or east to southeast dip azimuths with moderate dip angles. The mean foliation dip azimuth ranged from 100º to 124º southeast with dip angles of 52º to 60º. Groundwater appears to flow through an interconnected network of fractures that are affected by tidal variations from the nearby Harlem River and tunnel construction dewatering operations. The transmissivities of the 3 boreholes tested (USGS-1, USGS-3, and USGS-4), calculated from specific capacity data, were 2, 48, and 30 feet squared per day (ft2/d), respectively. The highest transmissivities were observed in wells north and west of the secant ring. Three borehole-radar velocity tomograms were collected. In the USGS-1 and USGS-4 velocity tomogram there are two areas of low radar velocity. The first is at the top of the tomogram and runs from 105 ft below land surface (BLS) at USGS-4 and extends to 125 ft BLS at USGS-1, the second area is centered at a depth of 150 ft BLS at USGS-1 and 135 to 150 ft BLS at USGS-4. Field measurements of specific conductance of 14 boreholes under ambient conditions at the site indicate an increase in conductivity toward the southwest part of the site (nearest the Harlem River). Specific conductance ranged from 107 microsiemens per centimeter (μS/cm) (borehole 63C) to 11,000 μS/cm (borehole 79B). The secant boreholes had the highest specific conductance.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"20th Conference on the geology of Long Island and metropolitan New York","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"20th Conference on the Geology of Long Island and Metropolitan New York","conferenceDate":"April 13, 2013","conferenceLocation":"Stony Brook, New York, United States","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Stumm, F., Chu, A., Joesten, P.K., Noll, M.L., and Como, M.D., 2013, Delineation of fractures, foliation, and groundwater-flow zones of the bedrock at the Harlem River Tunnel in northern New York County, New York, in 20th Conference on the geology of Long Island and metropolitan New York, Stony Brook, New York, United States, April 13, 2013, 12 p.","productDescription":"12 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307345,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Harlem River Tunnel","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.91962970636514,\n 40.87368620296553\n ],\n [\n -73.9184101328308,\n 40.87295613540937\n ],\n [\n -73.91099106049475,\n 40.869901291739524\n ],\n [\n -73.90847569007956,\n 40.86920960945341\n ],\n [\n -73.90677336868755,\n 40.87334038249534\n ],\n [\n -73.90621439748416,\n 40.87476207732257\n ],\n [\n -73.90629062082988,\n 40.87649112448045\n ],\n [\n -73.90662092199535,\n 40.87668323804374\n ],\n [\n -73.90710366985304,\n 40.87741326449918\n ],\n [\n -73.90796753443999,\n 40.87823933735811\n ],\n [\n -73.90875517568126,\n 40.878796450442564\n ],\n [\n -73.91035586594568,\n 40.880121976516676\n ],\n [\n -73.91063535154734,\n 40.880544602437624\n ],\n [\n -73.91142299278862,\n 40.8801796074828\n ],\n [\n -73.91236308072129,\n 40.87933434828133\n ],\n [\n -73.9140399943314,\n 40.87833539167303\n ],\n [\n -73.91536119899413,\n 40.87795117357837\n ],\n [\n -73.91607261688893,\n 40.87800880643462\n ],\n [\n -73.91663158809229,\n 40.87785511870598\n ],\n [\n -73.91785116162741,\n 40.87725957538848\n ],\n [\n -73.91787656940933,\n 40.8762797989169\n ],\n [\n -73.91919777407206,\n 40.8746852297337\n ],\n [\n -73.91962970636514,\n 40.87368620296553\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55dc402de4b0518e354d10e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stumm, Frederick 0000-0002-5388-8811 fstumm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5388-8811","contributorId":1077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stumm","given":"Frederick","email":"fstumm@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chu, Anthony 0000-0001-8623-2862 achu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8623-2862","contributorId":2517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chu","given":"Anthony","email":"achu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Joesten, Peter K. pjoesten@usgs.gov","contributorId":1929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joesten","given":"Peter","email":"pjoesten@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Noll, Michael L. 0000-0003-2050-3134 mnoll@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2050-3134","contributorId":4652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noll","given":"Michael","email":"mnoll@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Como, Michael D. 0000-0002-7911-5390 mcomo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7911-5390","contributorId":4651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Como","given":"Michael","email":"mcomo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70045392,"text":"70045392 - 2013 - Immunological and reproductive health assessment in herring gulls and black-crowned night herons in the Hudson–Raritan Estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-02T14:25:29","indexId":"70045392","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Immunological and reproductive health assessment in herring gulls and black-crowned night herons in the Hudson–Raritan Estuary","docAbstract":"Previous studies have shown inexplicable declines in breeding waterbirds within western New York/New Jersey Harbor between 1996 and 2002 and elevated polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) eggs. The present study assessed associations between immune function, prefledgling survival, and selected organochlorine compounds and metals in herring gulls (Larus argentatus) and black-crowned night herons (Nycticorax nycticorax) in lower New York Harbor during 2003. In pipping gull embryos, lymphoid cells were counted in the thymus and bursa of Fabricius (sites of T and B lymphocyte maturation, respectively). The phytohemagglutinin (PHA) skin response assessed T cell function in gull and heron chicks. Lymphocyte proliferation was measured in vitro in adult and prefledgling gulls. Reference data came from the Great Lakes and Bay of Fundy. Survival of prefledgling gulls was poor, with only 0.68 and 0.5 chicks per nest surviving to three and four weeks after hatch, respectively. Developing lymphoid cells were reduced 51% in the thymus and 42% in the bursa of gull embryos from New York Harbor. In vitro lymphocyte assays demonstrated reduced spontaneous proliferation, reduced T cell mitogen-induced proliferation, and increased B cell mitogen-induced proliferation in gull chicks from New York Harbor. The PHA skin response was suppressed 70 to 80% in gull and heron chicks. Strong negative correlations (r = –0.95 to –0.98) between the PHA response and dioxins and PCBs in gull livers was strong evidence suggesting that these chemicals contribute significantly to immunosuppression in New York Harbor waterbirds.
","publisher":"SETAC","publisherLocation":"Brussels, Belgium","doi":"10.1002/etc.2089","usgsCitation":"Grasman, K.A., Echols, K.R., May, T.M., Peterman, P.H., Gale, R.W., and Orazio, C.E., 2013, Immunological and reproductive health assessment in herring gulls and black-crowned night herons in the Hudson–Raritan Estuary: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 32, no. 3, p. 548-561, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.2089.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"548","endPage":"561","ipdsId":"IP-019715","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473880,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.2089","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":270875,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey, New York","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75.5598,38.9286 ], [ -75.5598,42.1524 ], [ -71.7711,42.1524 ], [ -71.7711,38.9286 ], [ -75.5598,38.9286 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"32","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6208e4b0b290850fde8f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grasman, Keith A.","contributorId":18660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grasman","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Echols, Kathy R. 0000-0003-2631-9143 kechols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2631-9143","contributorId":2799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Echols","given":"Kathy","email":"kechols@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"May, Thomas M. tmay@usgs.gov","contributorId":75050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"Thomas","email":"tmay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Peterman, Paul H. ppeterman@usgs.gov","contributorId":2872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterman","given":"Paul","email":"ppeterman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gale, Robert W. 0000-0002-8533-141X rgale@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8533-141X","contributorId":2808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gale","given":"Robert","email":"rgale@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Orazio, Carl E. 0000-0002-2532-9668 corazio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2532-9668","contributorId":1366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orazio","given":"Carl","email":"corazio@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70155850,"text":"70155850 - 2013 - Transport of nitrate in the Mississippi river in July-August 1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-15T16:26:10.683103","indexId":"70155850","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":791,"text":"Annals of Environmental Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transport of nitrate in the Mississippi river in July-August 1999","docAbstract":"Lagrangian sampling was conducted on the Mississippi River in late July through early August 1999 to test the hypothesis that nitrate (NO3-) is transported conservatively in the Mississippi River. Three different approaches were pursued to test the hypothesis: (1) a mass balance for NO3- was evaluated for evidence of net gains and losses, (2) stable isotopes of NO3- were measured (δ15N and δ18O) to determine if fractionation occurred, and (3) the concentrations of dissolved gases (N2O, N2 and Ar) in river water were measured and compared to theoretical equilibrium concentrations. Integrated water samples and flow measurements were obtained at 10 sites on the Mississippi River and 7 sites near the mouths of major tributaries from northern Iowa to southern Louisiana, a distance of about 2,250 river kilometers. Mass balance calculations indicate that more than 80 percent of the NO3- mass discharged from the Mississippi River (1,930 metric tons/day) during the study period originated in the first 500 river kilometers of the study reach. The mass balance calculations also indicate that NO3- was not lost from the water column upstream of Vicksburg, MS, but that there might have been some loss of NO3- in the lower 700 kilometers of the study reach. The stable isotope ratios of N and O (δ15N and δ18O) of NO3- were consistent with mixing and transport in the absence of fractionating gains or losses. The concentrations of nitrogen (N2) and argon (Ar) dissolved in river water decreased in the downstream direction, approximately in equilibrium with air at increasing temperatures, giving no evidence of gains or losses of N2 by nitrogen fixation or denitrification. Nitrous oxide (N2O) concentrations in the Mississippi River were approximately 26 to 200 percent of air saturation, indicating relatively low net production by combination of nitrification and denitrification. Results from this study indicate that most (>90%) of the NO3- that entered the Mississippi River during July-August 1999 was transported to the Gulf of Mexico.
","language":"English","publisher":"Annals of Environmental Science","usgsCitation":"Coupe, R.H., Goolsby, D.A., Battaglin, W.A., Bohlke, J.K., McMahon, P.B., and Kendall, C., 2013, Transport of nitrate in the Mississippi river in July-August 1999: Annals of Environmental Science, v. 7, p. 31-46.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"31","endPage":"46","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-010231","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":394,"text":"Mississippi Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306874,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":306873,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2047/d20003062","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.74107915560967,\n 41.94696125124591\n ],\n [\n -90.7247111159534,\n 41.94782148065562\n ],\n [\n -92.21696687481273,\n 39.898696263591006\n ],\n [\n -90.62290688578673,\n 38.18884247832648\n ],\n [\n -89.55848774360221,\n 36.75978734815499\n ],\n [\n -91.35296698175478,\n 33.76126564353096\n ],\n [\n -91.39188011203447,\n 32.40871313340536\n ],\n [\n -92.00579094724804,\n 30.85436612286776\n ],\n [\n -89.04835434968044,\n 28.623578464133914\n ],\n [\n -88.77080814875106,\n 29.387440439736736\n ],\n [\n -90.78196226746519,\n 31.21911889670217\n ],\n [\n -90.15117747861228,\n 33.59436165469742\n ],\n [\n -88.49486393764408,\n 36.833375630685424\n ],\n [\n -89.58934752888702,\n 38.61451749276728\n ],\n [\n -90.49047617261863,\n 40.23407516171034\n ],\n [\n -89.74167750349469,\n 41.9024859627813\n ],\n [\n -89.74107915560967,\n 41.94696125124591\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d45736e4b0518e35469506","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coupe, Richard H. 0000-0001-8679-1015 rhcoupe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8679-1015","contributorId":551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coupe","given":"Richard","email":"rhcoupe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":394,"text":"Mississippi Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":566603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goolsby, Donald A.","contributorId":46083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goolsby","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":857041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Battaglin, William A. 0000-0001-7287-7096 wbattagl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7287-7096","contributorId":1527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglin","given":"William","email":"wbattagl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":566604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bohlke, John Karl 0000-0001-5693-6455 jkbohlke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":127841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohlke","given":"John","email":"jkbohlke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Karl","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":566601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McMahon, Peter B. 0000-0001-7452-2379 pmcmahon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7452-2379","contributorId":724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"Peter","email":"pmcmahon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":566602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kendall, Carol 0000-0002-0247-3405 ckendall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":1462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"Carol","email":"ckendall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":566599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ]}