Isolated tropical islands are notoriously vulnerable to plant invasions. Serious management for protection of native biodiversity in Hawaii began in the 1970s, arguably at Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. Concerted alien plant management began there in the 1980s and has in a sense become a model for protected areas throughout Hawaii and Pacific Island countries and territories. We review the relative successes of their strategies and touch upon how their experience has been applied elsewhere. Protected areas in Hawaii are fortunate in having relatively good resources for addressing plant invasions, but many invasions remain intractable, and invasions from outside the boundaries continue from a highly globalised society with a penchant for horticultural novelty. There are likely few efforts in most Pacific Islands to combat alien plant invasions in protected areas, but such areas may often have fewer plant invasions as a result of their relative remoteness and/or socio-economic development status. The greatest current needs for protected areas in this region may be for establishment of yet more protected areas, for better resources to combat invasions in Pacific Island countries and territories, for more effective control methods including biological control programme to contain intractable species, and for meaningful efforts to address prevention and early detection of potential new invaders.
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Côte d’Ivoire’s two main diamond mining areas, Séguéla and Tortiya, are located in the north, under what was, until recently, rebel-controlled territory. In an effort to prevent proceeds from diamond mining from funding the conflict, the United Nations (UN) placed an embargo on the export of rough diamonds from Côte d’Ivoire in 2005. That same year, the Kimberley Process (KP), the international initiative charged with stemming the flow of conflict diamonds, acted to enforce this ban by adopting the Moscow Resolution on Côte d’Ivoire, which contained measures to prevent the infiltration of Ivorian diamonds into the legitimate global rough diamond trade. Though under scrutiny by the international community, diamond mining activities continued in Côte d’Ivoire, with artisanal miners exploiting both alluvial deposits in fluvial systems and primary kimberlitic dike deposits. However, because of the embargo, there has been no official record of diamond production since the conflict began in 2002. This lack of production statistics represents a significant data gap and hinders efforts by the KP to understand how illicitly produced diamonds may be entering the legitimate trade.\n\nThis study presents the results of a multiyear effort to monitor the diamond mining activities of Côte d’Ivoire’s two main diamond mining areas, Séguéla and Tortiya. An innovative approach was developed that integrates data acquired from archival reports and maps, high-resolution satellite imagery, and digital terrain modeling to assess the total diamond endowment of the Séguéla and Tortiya deposits and to calculate annual diamond production from 2006 to 2013. On the basis of currently available data, this study estimates that a total of 10,100,000 carats remain in Séguéla and a total of 1,100,000 carats remain in Tortiya. Production capacity was calculated for the two study areas for the years 2006–2010 and 2012–2013. Production capacity was found to range from between 38,000 carats and 375,000 carats in Séguéla and from 13,000 carats and 20,000 carats in Tortiya. Further, this study demonstrates that artisanal mining activities can be successfully monitored by using remote sensing and geologic modeling techniques. The production capacity estimates presented here fill a significant data gap and provide policy makers, the UN, and the KP with important information not otherwise available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135185","collaboration":"Prepared under the auspices of the U.S. Department of State","usgsCitation":"Chirico, P., and Malpeli, K., 2013, Reconnaissance investigation of the rough diamond resource potential and production capacity of Côte d’Ivoire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5185, vi, 45 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135185.","productDescription":"vi, 45 p.","numberOfPages":"55","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278819,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135185.jpg"},{"id":278810,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5185/pdf/sir2013-5185.pdf"},{"id":278809,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5185/"}],"projection":"Geographic Coordinate System","datum":"World Geodetic System 1984 Daturm","country":"Côte d’Ivoire","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -8.6064,4.1642 ], [ -8.6064,10.74 ], [ -2.4878,10.74 ], [ -2.4878,4.1642 ], [ -8.6064,4.1642 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"527a1368e4b051792d0148a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chirico, Peter G.","contributorId":27086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chirico","given":"Peter G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Malpeli, Katherine C.","contributorId":55106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malpeli","given":"Katherine C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70101798,"text":"70101798 - 2013 - Large scale snow water status monitoring: Comparison of different snow water products in the upper Colorado basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-13T17:03:52.638666","indexId":"70101798","displayToPublicDate":"2013-11-05T13:53:58","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1928,"text":"Hydrology and Earth System Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Large scale snow water status monitoring: Comparison of different snow water products in the upper Colorado basins","docAbstract":"We illustrate the ability to monitor the status of snow water content over large areas by using a spatially distributed snow accumulation and ablation model that uses data from a weather forecast model in the upper Colorado Basin. The model was forced with precipitation fields from the National Weather Service (NWS) Multi-sensor Precipitation Estimator (MPE) and the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) data-sets; remaining meteorological model input data were from NOAA's Global Forecast System (GFS) model output fields. The simulated snow water equivalent (SWE) was compared to SWEs from the Snow Data Assimilation System (SNODAS) and SNOwpack TELemetry system (SNOTEL) over a region of the western US that covers parts of the upper Colorado Basin. We also compared the SWE product estimated from the special sensor microwave imager (SSM/I) and scanning multichannel microwave radiometer (SMMR) to the SNODAS and SNOTEL SWE data-sets. Agreement between the spatial distributions of the simulated SWE with MPE data was high with both SNODAS and SNOTEL. Model-simulated SWE with TRMM precipitation and SWE estimated from the passive microwave imagery were not significantly correlated spatially with either SNODAS or the SNOTEL SWE. Average basin-wide SWE simulated with the MPE and the TRMM data were highly correlated with both SNODAS (r = 0.94 and r = 0.64; d.f. = 14 – d.f. = degrees of freedom) and SNOTEL (r = 0.93 and r = 0.68; d.f. = 14). The SWE estimated from the passive microwave imagery was significantly correlated with the SNODAS SWE (r = 0.55, d.f. = 9, p = 0.05) but was not significantly correlated with the SNOTEL-reported SWE values (r = 0.45, d.f. = 9, p = 0.05).The results indicate the applicability of the snow energy balance model for monitoring snow water content at regional scales when coupled with meteorological data of acceptable quality. The two snow water contents from the microwave imagery (SMMR and SSM/I) and the Utah Energy Balance forced with the TRMM precipitation data were found to be unreliable sources for mapping SWE in the study area; both data sets lacked discernible variability of snow water content between sites as seen in the SNOTEL and SNODAS SWE data. This study will contribute to better understanding the adequacy of data from weather forecast models, TRMM, and microwave imagery for monitoring status of the snow water content.
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A.","contributorId":50733,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Artan","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Verdin, J. P. 0000-0003-0238-9657","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0238-9657","contributorId":33033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"J. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lietzow, R.","contributorId":89648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lietzow","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70048793,"text":"ofr20131252 - 2013 - Magnetotelluric survey to locate the Archean-Proterozoic suture zone in the northeastern Great Basin, Nevada, Utah, and Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-14T17:59:33","indexId":"ofr20131252","displayToPublicDate":"2013-11-05T13:12:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1252","title":"Magnetotelluric survey to locate the Archean-Proterozoic suture zone in the northeastern Great Basin, Nevada, Utah, and Idaho","docAbstract":"North-central Nevada contains a large amount of gold in linear belts, the origin of which is not fully understood. During July 2008, September 2009, and August 2010, the U.S. Geological Survey, as part of the Assessment Techniques for Concealed Mineral Resources project, collected twenty-three magnetotelluric soundings along two profiles in Box Elder County, Utah; Elko County, Nevada; and Cassia, Minidoka, and Blaine Counties, Idaho. The main twenty-sounding north-south magnetotelluric profile begins south of Wendover, Nev., but north of the Deep Creek Range. It continues north of Wendover and crosses into Utah, with the north profile terminus in the Snake River Plain, Idaho. A short, three-sounding east-west segment crosses the main north-south profile near the northern terminus of the profile. The magnetotelluric data collected in this study will be used to better constrain the location and strike of the concealed suture zone between the Archean crust and the Paleoproterozoic Mojave province. This report releases the magnetotelluric sounding data that was collected. No interpretation of the data is included.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131252","usgsCitation":"Sampson, J.A., and Rodriguez, B.D., 2013, Magnetotelluric survey to locate the Archean-Proterozoic suture zone in the northeastern Great Basin, Nevada, Utah, and Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1252, iv, 195 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131252.","productDescription":"iv, 195 p.","numberOfPages":"199","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278715,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131252.gif"},{"id":278713,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1252/"},{"id":278714,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1252/pdf/of2013-1252.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho;Nevada;Utah","otherGeospatial":"Great Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.64,34.24 ], [ -122.64,43.5 ], [ -111.34,43.5 ], [ -111.34,34.24 ], [ -122.64,34.24 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"527a1368e4b051792d01489e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sampson, Jay A.","contributorId":13939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sampson","given":"Jay","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rodriguez, Brian D. 0000-0002-2263-611X brod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2263-611X","contributorId":836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"Brian","email":"brod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70094693,"text":"70094693 - 2013 - Using isotopes for design and monitoring of artificial recharge systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-08T15:37:59","indexId":"70094693","displayToPublicDate":"2013-11-05T13:02:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":179,"text":"IAEA TECDOC","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"seriesNumber":"1723","title":"Using isotopes for design and monitoring of artificial recharge systems","docAbstract":"Over the past years, the IAEA has provided support to a number of Member States engaged in the implementation of hydrological projects dealing with the design and monitoring of artificial recharge ( A R ) systems, primarily situated in arid and semiarid regions. AR is defined as any engineered system designed to introduce water to, and store water in, underlying aquifers. Aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) is a specific type of AR used with the purpose of increasing groundwater resources. Different water management strategies have been tested under various geographical, hydrological and climatic regimes. However, \nthe success of such schemes cannot easily be predicted, since many variables need to be taken into account in the early stages of every AR project.","language":"English","publisher":"International Atomic Energy Agency","publisherLocation":"Vienna","usgsCitation":"International Atomic Energy Agency, 2013, Using isotopes for design and monitoring of artificial recharge systems: IAEA TECDOC 1723, 59 p.","productDescription":"59 p.","numberOfPages":"74","ipdsId":"IP-016370","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":284319,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":282655,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www-pub.iaea.org/books/IAEABooks/10510/Using-Isotopes-for-Design-and-Monitoring-of-Artificial-Recharge-Systems"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae789de4b0abf75cf2dac1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"International Atomic Energy Agency","contributorId":206868,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"International Atomic Energy Agency","id":741983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70047749,"text":"70047749 - 2013 - North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-13T16:49:24.214174","indexId":"70047749","displayToPublicDate":"2013-11-05T12:46:16","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"5","title":"North America","docAbstract":"Plant phenological observations and networks in North America have been largely local and regional in extent until recent decades. In the USA, cloned plant monitoring networks were the exception to this pattern, with data collection spanning the late 1950s until approximately the early 1990s. Animal observation networks, especially for birds have been more extensive. The USA National Phenology Network (USA-NPN), established in the mid-2000s is a recent effort to operate a comprehensive national-scale network in the United States. In Canada, PlantWatch, as part of Nature Watch, is the current national-scale plant phenology program.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Phenology: An integrative environmental science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-94-007-6925-0_5","usgsCitation":"Schwartz, M., Beaubien, E.G., Crimmins, T., and Weltzin, J., 2013, North America, chap. 5 of Phenology: An integrative environmental science, p. 67-89, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6925-0_5.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"67","endPage":"89","ipdsId":"IP-039026","costCenters":[{"id":433,"text":"National Phenology Network","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":284318,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"2nd","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-06-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6930e4b0b290851028dc","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Schwartz, Mark D.","contributorId":114143,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schwartz","given":"Mark D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509578,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Schwartz, Mark D.","contributorId":11092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"Mark D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beaubien, Elisabeth G.","contributorId":45626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beaubien","given":"Elisabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crimmins, Theresa","contributorId":103579,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crimmins","given":"Theresa","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weltzin, Jake 0000-0001-8641-6645 jweltzin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8641-6645","contributorId":196323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weltzin","given":"Jake","email":"jweltzin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":506,"text":"Office of the AD Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":433,"text":"National Phenology Network","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70073846,"text":"70073846 - 2013 - Surface water quality in streams and rivers: Scaling, and climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-13T16:52:57.590293","indexId":"70073846","displayToPublicDate":"2013-11-05T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"4.5","title":"Surface water quality in streams and rivers: Scaling, and climate change","docAbstract":"This chapter explores spatial and temporal scaling and the impact of climate change on four basic water quality parameters: temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, and suspended sediment. An introduction describing the conditions and changes in these water quality parameters is presented. Temporal scaling of water quality parameters is discussed on diel (24 h), precipitation event, and seasonal time scales. Discussion of longitudinal scaling of these parameters is included as well. Effects of climate change are presented here with a focus on observed trends, modeling results, and confounding factors in predicting climate change-induced shifts in water quality. This review highlights how factors such as geographic location, land cover, and human perturbations can alter water quality trends in rivers and streams.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Comprehensive water quality and purification","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-12-382182-9.00064-5","usgsCitation":"Loperfido, J., 2013, Surface water quality in streams and rivers: Scaling, and climate change, chap. 4.5 of Comprehensive water quality and purification, v. 4, p. 87-105, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-382182-9.00064-5.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"87","endPage":"105","ipdsId":"IP-033755","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":284309,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd7577e4b0b2908510a42b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loperfido, John","contributorId":74667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loperfido","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70048792,"text":"sir20135150 - 2013 - Estimating nitrate concentrations in groundwater at selected wells and springs in the surficial aquifer system and Upper Floridan aquifer, Dougherty Plain and Marianna Lowlands, Georgia, Florida, and Alabama, 2002-50","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-17T20:49:03","indexId":"sir20135150","displayToPublicDate":"2013-11-05T11:31:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5150","title":"Estimating nitrate concentrations in groundwater at selected wells and springs in the surficial aquifer system and Upper Floridan aquifer, Dougherty Plain and Marianna Lowlands, Georgia, Florida, and Alabama, 2002-50","docAbstract":"Groundwater from the surficial aquifer system and Upper Floridan aquifer in the Dougherty Plain and Marianna Lowlands in southwestern Georgia, northwestern Florida, and southeastern Alabama is affected by elevated nitrate concentrations as a result of the vulnerability of the aquifer, irrigation water-supply development, and intensive agricultural land use. The region relies primarily on groundwater from the Upper Floridan aquifer for drinking-water and irrigation supply. Elevated nitrate concentrations in drinking water are a concern because infants under 6 months of age who drink water containing nitrate concentrations above the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency maximum contaminant level of 10 milligrams per liter as nitrogen can become seriously ill with blue baby syndrome.\n\nIn response to concerns about water quality in domestic wells and in springs in the lower Apalachicola–Chattahoochee–Flint River Basin, the Florida Department of Environmental Protection funded a study in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey to examine water quality in groundwater and springs that provide base flow to the Chipola River. A three-dimensional, steady-state, regional-scale groundwater-flow model and two local-scale models were used in conjunction with particle tracking to identify travel times and areas contributing recharge to six groundwater sites—three long-term monitor wells (CP-18A, CP-21A, and RF-41) and three springs (Jackson Blue Spring, Baltzell Springs Group, and Sandbag Spring) in the lower Apalachicola–Chattahoochee–Flint River Basin. Estimated nitrate input to groundwater at land surface, based on previous studies of nitrogen fertilizer sales and atmospheric nitrate deposition data, were used in the advective transport models for the period 2002 to 2050. Nitrate concentrations in groundwater samples collected from the six sites during 1993 to 2007 and groundwater age tracer data were used to calibrate the transport aspect of the simulations.\n\nMeasured nitrate concentrations (as nitrogen) in wells and springs sampled during the study ranged from 0.37 to 12.73 milligrams per liter. Average apparent ages of groundwater calculated from measurements of chlorofluorocarbon, sulfur hexafluoride, and tritium from wells CP-18A, CP-21A,and RF-41 were about 23, 29, and 32 years, respectively. Average apparent ages of groundwater from Baltzell Springs Group, Sandbag Spring, and Jackson Blue Spring were about 16, 18, and 19 years, respectively. Simulated travel times of particles from the six selected sites ranged from less than 1 day to 511 years; both the minimum and maximum particle travel times were estimated for water from Jackson Blue Spring. Median simulated travel times of particles were about 30, 38, and 62 years for Jackson Blue Spring, Sandbag Spring, and Baltzell Springs Group, respectively. Study results indicated that travel times for approximately 50 percent of the particles from all spring sites were less than 50 years. The median simulated travel times of particles arriving at receptor wells CP-18A, CP-21A, and RF-41 were about 50, 35, and 36 years, respectively. All particle travel times were within the same order of magnitude as the tracer-derived average apparent ages for water, although slightly older than the measured ages. Travel time estimates were substantially greater than the measured age for groundwater reaching well CP-18A, as confirmed by the average apparent age of water determined from tracers.\n\nLocal-scale particle-tracking models were used to predict nitrate concentrations in the three monitor wells and three springs from 2002 to 2050 for three nitrogen management scenarios: (1) fixed input of nitrate at the 2001 level, (2) reduction of nitrate inputs of 4 percent per year (from the previous year) from 2002 to 2050, and (3) elimination of nitrate input after 2001. Simulated nitrate concentrations in well CP-21A peaked at 7.82 milligrams per liter in 2030, and concentrations in background well RF-41 peaked at 1.10 milligrams per liter in 2020. The simulated particle travel times were longer than indicated by age dating analysis for groundwater in well CP-18A; to account for the poor calibration fit at this well, nitrate concentrations were shifted 21 years. With the shift, simulated nitrate concentrations in groundwater at CP-18A peaked at 13.76 milligrams per liter in 2026. For groundwater in Baltzell Springs Group, Jackson Blue Spring, and Sandbag Spring, simulated nitrate concentrations peaked at 3.77 milligrams per liter in 2006, 3.51 milligrams per liter in 2011, and 0.81 milligram per liter in 2018, respectively, under the three management scenarios. In management scenario 3 (elimination of nitrate input after 2001), simulated nitrate concentrations in Baltzell Springs Group decreased to less than background concentrations (0.10 milligram per liter) by 2033, and in Sandbag Spring concentrations decreased to less than background by 2041. Simulations using nitrate management scenarios 1 (fixed input of nitrate at 2001 levels) and 2 (reduction of 4.0 percent per year) indicate that nitrate concentrations in groundwater may remain above background concentrations through 2050 at all sites.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135150","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program; Prepared in cooperation with the Florida Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Crandall, C.A., Katz, B.G., and Berndt, M., 2013, Estimating nitrate concentrations in groundwater at selected wells and springs in the surficial aquifer system and Upper Floridan aquifer, Dougherty Plain and Marianna Lowlands, Georgia, Florida, and Alabama, 2002-50: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5150, ix, 65 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135150.","productDescription":"ix, 65 p.","numberOfPages":"80","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2002-01-01","temporalEnd":"2050-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":285,"text":"Florida Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278706,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5150/"},{"id":278707,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5150/pdf/sir2013-5150.pdf"},{"id":278708,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135150.gif"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Albers Equal-Area Conic Projection","country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Florida, Georgia","otherGeospatial":"Apalachicola River Basin, Chattahoochee River Basin, Flint River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -85.8626,29.8562 ], [ -85.8626,32.2922 ], [ -83.6061,32.2922 ], [ -83.6061,29.8562 ], [ -85.8626,29.8562 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"527a1367e4b051792d014898","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crandall, Christy A. crandall@usgs.gov","contributorId":1091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crandall","given":"Christy","email":"crandall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":485654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Katz, Brian G. bkatz@usgs.gov","contributorId":1093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katz","given":"Brian","email":"bkatz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":485655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Berndt, Marian P.","contributorId":45296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berndt","given":"Marian P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70048790,"text":"ofr20131027 - 2013 - Bedrock geologic and joint trend map of the Pinardville quadrangle, Hillsborough County, New Hampshire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-15T21:49:29.087519","indexId":"ofr20131027","displayToPublicDate":"2013-11-05T11:16:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1027","title":"Bedrock geologic and joint trend map of the Pinardville quadrangle, Hillsborough County, New Hampshire","docAbstract":"The bedrock geology of the Pinardville quadrangle includes the Massabesic Gneiss Complex, exposed in the core of a regional northeast-trending anticlinorium, and highly deformed metasedimentary rocks of the Rangeley Formation, exposed along the northwest limb of the anticlinorium. Both formations were subjected to high-grade metamorphism and partial melting: the Rangeley during the middle Paleozoic Acadian orogeny, and the Massabesic Gneiss Complex during both the Acadian and the late Paleozoic Alleghanian orogeny. Granitoids produced during these orogenies range in age from Devonian (Spaulding Tonalite) to Permian (granite at Damon Pond), each with associated pegmatite. In the latest Paleozoic the Massabesic Gneiss Complex was uplifted with respect to the Rangeley Formation along the ductile Powder Hill fault, which also had a left-lateral component. Uplift continued into the early Mesozoic, producing the 2-kilometer-wide Campbell Hill fault zone, which is marked by northwest-dipping normal faults and dilational map-scale quartz bodies. Rare, undeformed Jurassic diabase dikes cut all older lithologies and structures. A second map is a compilation of joint orientations measured at all outcrops in the quadrangle. There is a great diversity of strike trends, with northeast perhaps being the most predominant.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131027","usgsCitation":"Burton, W.C., and Armstrong, T.R., 2013, Bedrock geologic and joint trend map of the Pinardville quadrangle, Hillsborough County, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1027, 1 Plate: 47.19 × 34.28 inches; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131027.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 47.19 × 34.28 inches; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278703,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131027.gif"},{"id":398884,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_99278.htm"},{"id":278701,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1027/pdf/ofr2013-1027.pdf"},{"id":278702,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1027/Downloads/"},{"id":278700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1027/"}],"scale":"24000","datum":"1983 North American Datum","country":"United States","state":"New Hampshire","county":"Hillsborough County","otherGeospatial":"Pinardville quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -71.625,42.875 ], [ -71.625,43.0 ], [ -71.5,43.0 ], [ -71.5,42.875 ], [ -71.625,42.875 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"527a135ee4b051792d014885","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burton, William C. 0000-0001-7519-5787 bburton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7519-5787","contributorId":1293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"William","email":"bburton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Armstrong, Thomas R.","contributorId":40637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armstrong","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70048789,"text":"ofr20131165 - 2013 - Uniform California earthquake rupture forecast, version 3 (UCERF3): the time-independent model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-14T14:46:38","indexId":"ofr20131165","displayToPublicDate":"2013-11-05T10:36:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1165","title":"Uniform California earthquake rupture forecast, version 3 (UCERF3): the time-independent model","docAbstract":"In this report we present the time-independent component of the Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast, Version 3 (UCERF3), which provides authoritative estimates of the magnitude, location, and time-averaged frequency of potentially damaging earthquakes in California. The primary achievements have been to relax fault segmentation assumptions and to include multifault ruptures, both limitations of the previous model (UCERF2). The rates of all earthquakes are solved for simultaneously, and from a broader range of data, using a system-level \"grand inversion\" that is both conceptually simple and extensible. The inverse problem is large and underdetermined, so a range of models is sampled using an efficient simulated annealing algorithm. The approach is more derivative than prescriptive (for example, magnitude-frequency distributions are no longer assumed), so new analysis tools were developed for exploring solutions. Epistemic uncertainties were also accounted for using 1,440 alternative logic tree branches, necessitating access to supercomputers. The most influential uncertainties include alternative deformation models (fault slip rates), a new smoothed seismicity algorithm, alternative values for the total rate of M≥5 events, and different scaling relationships, virtually all of which are new. As a notable first, three deformation models are based on kinematically consistent inversions of geodetic and geologic data, also providing slip-rate constraints on faults previously excluded because of lack of geologic data. The grand inversion constitutes a system-level framework for testing hypotheses and balancing the influence of different experts. For example, we demonstrate serious challenges with the Gutenberg-Richter hypothesis for individual faults. UCERF3 is still an approximation of the system, however, and the range of models is limited (for example, constrained to stay close to UCERF2). Nevertheless, UCERF3 removes the apparent UCERF2 overprediction of M6.5–7 earthquake rates and also includes types of multifault ruptures seen in nature. Although UCERF3 fits the data better than UCERF2 overall, there may be areas that warrant further site-specific investigation. Supporting products may be of general interest, and we list key assumptions and avenues for future model improvements.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131165","collaboration":"CGS Special Report 228, Southern California Earthquake Center Publication 1792","usgsCitation":"Field, E.H., Biasi, G.P., Bird, P., Dawson, T.E., Felzer, K., Jackson, D.D., Johnson, K.M., Jordan, T.H., Madden, C., Michael, A.J., Milner, K.R., Page, M.T., Parsons, T., Powers, P.M., Shaw, B., Thatcher, W.R., Weldon, R.J., Zeng, Y., and Working Group on California Earthquake Probabilities, 2013, Uniform California earthquake rupture forecast, version 3 (UCERF3): the time-independent model: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1165, Report: xvi, 97 p.; Appendixes A-T; Table B1; Earthquake Catalog; 3 Supplemental Materials; Fault Section Data; Pre-inversion Analysis, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131165.","productDescription":"Report: xvi, 97 p.; Appendixes A-T; Table B1; Earthquake Catalog; 3 Supplemental Materials; Fault Section Data; Pre-inversion Analysis","numberOfPages":"115","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278709,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131165.jpg"},{"id":278704,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1165/"},{"id":278705,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1165/pdf/ofr2013-1165.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -125.02,30.97 ], [ -125.02,42.98 ], [ -113.49,42.98 ], [ -113.49,30.97 ], [ -125.02,30.97 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"527a1368e4b051792d0148a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Field, Edward H. 0000-0001-8172-7882 field@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8172-7882","contributorId":52242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"Edward","email":"field@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Biasi, Glenn P.","contributorId":20436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biasi","given":"Glenn","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bird, Peter","contributorId":78643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bird","given":"Peter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dawson, Timothy E.","contributorId":24429,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dawson","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":7099,"text":"Calif. 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II","contributorId":47859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weldon","given":"Ray","suffix":"II","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Zeng, Yuehua zeng@usgs.gov","contributorId":1623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zeng","given":"Yuehua","email":"zeng@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":485634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Working Group on California Earthquake Probabilities","contributorId":128141,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Working Group on California Earthquake Probabilities","id":535606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19}]}} ,{"id":70100882,"text":"70100882 - 2013 - The music of earthquakes and Earthquake Quartet #1","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-27T18:41:22.079598","indexId":"70100882","displayToPublicDate":"2013-11-05T09:29:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The music of earthquakes and Earthquake Quartet #1","docAbstract":"Earthquake Quartet #1, my composition for voice, trombone, cello, and seismograms, is the intersection of listening to earthquakes as a seismologist and performing music as a trombonist. Along the way, I realized there is a close relationship between what I do as a scientist and what I do as a musician. A musician controls the source of the sound and the path it travels through their instrument in order to make sound waves that we hear as music. An earthquake is the source of waves that travel along a path through the earth until reaching us as shaking. It is almost as if the earth is a musician and people, including seismologists, are metaphorically listening and trying to understand what the music means.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Konrad Smolenski's S.T.R.H.","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English, Polish","publisher":"Łaźnia Centre for Contemporary Art","publisherLocation":"Gdańsk,Poland","usgsCitation":"Michael, A.J., 2013, The music of earthquakes and Earthquake Quartet #1, chap. of Konrad Smolenski's S.T.R.H., p. 52-77.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"52","endPage":"77","ipdsId":"IP-045807","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":285902,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"535595a0e4b0120853e8c289","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Michael, Andrew J. 0000-0002-2403-5019 michael@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2403-5019","contributorId":1280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"Andrew","email":"michael@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70129178,"text":"70129178 - 2013 - Mercury speciation and mobilization in a wastewater-contaminated groundwater plume","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-19T15:48:11","indexId":"70129178","displayToPublicDate":"2013-11-04T15:56:30","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury speciation and mobilization in a wastewater-contaminated groundwater plume","docAbstract":"We measured the concentration and speciation of mercury (Hg) in groundwater down-gradient from the site of wastewater infiltration beds operated by the Massachusetts Military Reservation, western Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Total mercury concentrations in oxic, mildly acidic, uncontaminated groundwater are 0.5–1 pM, and aquifer sediments have 0.5–1 ppb mercury. The plume of impacted groundwater created by the wastewater disposal is still evident, although inputs ceased in 1995, as indicated by anoxia extending at least 3 km down-gradient from the disposal site. Solutes indicative of a progression of anaerobic metabolisms are observed vertically and horizontally within the plume, with elevated nitrate concentrations and nitrate reduction surrounding a region with elevated iron concentrations indicating iron reduction. Mercury concentrations up to 800 pM were observed in shallow groundwater directly under the former infiltration beds, but concentrations decreased with depth and with distance down-gradient. Mercury speciation showed significant connections to the redox and metabolic state of the groundwater, with relatively little methylated Hg within the iron reducing sector of the plume, and dominance of this form within the higher nitrate/ammonium zone. Furthermore, substantial reduction of Hg(II) to Hg0 within the core of the anoxic zone was observed when iron reduction was evident. These trends not only provide insight into the biogeochemical factors controlling the interplay of Hg species in natural waters, but also support hypotheses that anoxia and eutrophication in groundwater facilitate the mobilization of natural and anthropogenic Hg from watersheds/aquifers, which can be transported down-gradient to freshwaters and the coastal zone.","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es402441d","usgsCitation":"Lamborg, C.H., Kent, D.B., Swarr, G.J., Munson, K.M., Kading, T., O’Connor, A.E., Fairchild, G.M., LeBlanc, D.R., and Wiatrowski, H.A., 2013, Mercury speciation and mobilization in a wastewater-contaminated groundwater plume: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 47, no. 23, p. 13239-13249, https://doi.org/10.1021/es402441d.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"13239","endPage":"13249","numberOfPages":"11","ipdsId":"IP-050967","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295473,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295466,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es402441d"}],"projection":"Polyconic projection","datum":"1927 North American datum","country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Cape Cod","volume":"47","issue":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-11-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54422fa1e4b0192a5a42f3da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lamborg, Carl H.","contributorId":100307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamborg","given":"Carl","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kent, Doug B.","contributorId":89822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kent","given":"Doug","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swarr, Gretchen J.","contributorId":22711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarr","given":"Gretchen","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Munson, Kathleen M.","contributorId":40917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munson","given":"Kathleen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kading, Tristan","contributorId":32852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kading","given":"Tristan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"O’Connor, Alison E.","contributorId":23869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Connor","given":"Alison","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fairchild, Gillian M. gfairchi@usgs.gov","contributorId":4418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fairchild","given":"Gillian","email":"gfairchi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":503518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"LeBlanc, Denis R. 0000-0002-4646-2628 dleblanc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4646-2628","contributorId":1696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeBlanc","given":"Denis","email":"dleblanc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":503517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wiatrowski, Heather A.","contributorId":85527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiatrowski","given":"Heather","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70048777,"text":"ofr20131230 - 2013 - Geomorphology and groundwater origin of amphitheater-shaped gullies at Fort Gordon, Georgia, 2010-2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-08T16:42:17","indexId":"ofr20131230","displayToPublicDate":"2013-11-04T12:40:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1230","title":"Geomorphology and groundwater origin of amphitheater-shaped gullies at Fort Gordon, Georgia, 2010-2012","docAbstract":"Seven amphitheater-shaped gullies at valley heads in the northern part of Fort Gordon, Georgia, were identified by personnel from Fort Gordon and the U.S. Geological Survey during a field investigation of environmental contamination near the cantonment area between 2008 and 2010. Between 2010 and 2012, the amphitheater-shaped gullies were photographed, topographic features were surveyed using a global positioning system device, and the extent of erosion was estimated using Light Detection and Ranging imagery. The seven gullies are distributed across a broad area (and most likely are not the only examples) and have a similar geomorphology that includes (1) an amphitheater (semicircular) shaped escarpment at the upgradient end on a plateau of Upper Eocene sands of no readily discernible elevated catchment area or natural surface-water drainage; (2) a narrow, trench-shaped, flat-bottomed incisement of low-permeability marl at the downgradient end; and (3) steep-sided valley walls, some formed by landslides. Surface-water runoff is an unlikely cause for the amphitheater-shaped gullies, because each valley has a relatively small drainage area of sandy terrain even at those gullies that have recently received discharge from stormwater drains. Also, presumed high rates of runoff and gully formation associated with historic land uses, such as clearcutting, cotton production, and silviculture, would have occurred no later than when the fort was established in the early 1900s. The lack of an elevated catchment area at the headward scarps, the amphitheater shape, and presence of low permeability marl at the base of each feature provides the most convincing lines of evidence for headward erosion by groundwater sapping. The absence of current (2013) seeps and springs at most of the amphitheater-shaped gullies indicates that the gullies may have been formed previously by groundwater sapping under conditions of higher and (or) sustained precipitation amounts, local water-table altitudes, and seepage than current (2013) conditions. One gully characterized by groundwater seepage may support a unique ecological niche that, if assessed to contain endangered species or rare plants, could require protection under State laws.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131230","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of the Army Environmental and Natural Resources Management Office of the U.S. Army Signal Center and Fort Gordon","usgsCitation":"Landmeyer, J., and Wellborn, J.B., 2013, Geomorphology and groundwater origin of amphitheater-shaped gullies at Fort Gordon, Georgia, 2010-2012: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1230, v, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131230.","productDescription":"v, 19 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278688,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131230.gif"},{"id":278686,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1230/"},{"id":278687,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1230/pdf/of2013-1230.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","otherGeospatial":"Fort Gordon","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82.413940,33.269695 ], [ -82.413940,33.446339 ], [ -82.093964,33.446339 ], [ -82.093964,33.269695 ], [ -82.413940,33.269695 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5278c1e1e4b0c04ac3417a9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landmeyer, James 0000-0002-5640-3816 jlandmey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5640-3816","contributorId":3257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landmeyer","given":"James","email":"jlandmey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wellborn, John B.","contributorId":24822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wellborn","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70125321,"text":"70125321 - 2013 - New host and distributional records for Cryptosporidium sp. (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae) from lizards (Sauria: Gekkonidae, Scincidae) from the Cook Islands and Vanuatu, South Pacific","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-16T11:43:52","indexId":"70125321","displayToPublicDate":"2013-11-04T11:41:51","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1298,"text":"Comparative Parasitology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New host and distributional records for Cryptosporidium sp. (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae) from lizards (Sauria: Gekkonidae, Scincidae) from the Cook Islands and Vanuatu, South Pacific","docAbstract":"Between 1991 and 1993, 295 lizards, comprising 21 species in 2 families (Gekkonidae, Scincidae) from the Cook Islands, Fiji, Palau, Takapoto, and Vanuatu in the South Pacific, were examined for Cryptosporidium oocysts. Only 6 lizards (2%) were found to be passing Cryptosporidium oocysts in their feces, including 2 of 30 (7%) Oceania geckos, Gehyra oceanica, from Rarotonga, Cook Islands, and 4 of 26 (15%) Pacific blue-tailed skinks, Emoia caeruleocauda, from Efate Island, Vanuatu. This represents the largest survey for Cryptosporidium in Pacific island lizards, and we document 2 new host and 2 new locality records for this parasite genus.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Comparative Parasitology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Helminthological Society of Washington","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1654/4646.1","usgsCitation":"McAllister, C.T., Duszynski, D.W., and Fisher, R.N., 2013, New host and distributional records for Cryptosporidium sp. (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae) from lizards (Sauria: Gekkonidae, Scincidae) from the Cook Islands and Vanuatu, South Pacific: Comparative Parasitology, v. 80, no. 2, p. 297-300, https://doi.org/10.1654/4646.1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"297","endPage":"300","numberOfPages":"4","ipdsId":"IP-050805","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293940,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293919,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1654/4646.1"}],"volume":"80","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54195148e4b091c7ffc8e791","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McAllister, Chris T.","contributorId":22704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAllister","given":"Chris","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duszynski, Donald W.","contributorId":87869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duszynski","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fisher, Robert N. 0000-0002-2956-3240 rfisher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":1529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert","email":"rfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70048776,"text":"sir20135088 - 2013 - The effects of artificial recharge on groundwater levels and water quality in the west hydrogeologic unit of the Warren subbasin, San Bernardino County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-14T18:04:37","indexId":"sir20135088","displayToPublicDate":"2013-11-04T11:31:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5088","title":"The effects of artificial recharge on groundwater levels and water quality in the west hydrogeologic unit of the Warren subbasin, San Bernardino County, California","docAbstract":"Between the late 1940s and 1994, groundwater levels in the Warren subbasin, California, declined by as much as 300 feet because pumping exceeded sparse natural recharge. In response, the local water district, Hi-Desert Water District, implemented an artificial-recharge program in early 1995 using imported water from the California State Water Project. Subsequently, the water table rose by as much as 250 feet; however, a study done by the U.S. Geological Survey found that the rising water table entrained high-nitrate septic effluent, which caused nitrate (as nitrogen) concentrations in some wells to increase to more than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency maximum contaminant level of 10 milligrams per liter..\n\nA new artificial-recharge site (site 3) was constructed in 2006 and this study, which started in 2004, was done to address concerns about the possible migration of nitrates in the unsaturated zone. The objectives of this study were to: (1) characterize the hydraulic, chemical, and microbiological properties of the unsaturated zone; (2) monitor changes in water levels and water quality in response to the artificial-recharge program at site 3; (3) determine if nitrates from septic effluent infiltrated through the unsaturated zone to the water table; (4) determine the potential for nitrates within the unsaturated zone to mobilize and contaminate the groundwater as the water table rises in response to artificial recharge; and (5) determine the presence and amount of dissolved organic carbon because of its potential to react with disinfection byproducts during the treatment of water for public use. Two monitoring sites were installed and instrumented with heat-dissipation probes, advanced tensiometers, suction-cup lysimeters, and wells so that the arrival and effects of recharging water from the State Water Project through the 250 to 425 foot-thick unsaturated zone and groundwater system could be closely observed. Monitoring site YVUZ-1 was located between two recharge ponds in the middle of site 3, and YVUZ-2 was located approximately 1,200 feet down-gradient and to the southeast in an area where septic systems have been in use since about 1960. Site YVUZ-3 only went to a depth of 42 feet and was used to sample the upper part of the unsaturated zone near a golf course. Prior to the start of artificial recharge at site 3, nitrate concentrations reported as nitrogen from the soil leachate below YVUZ-1 did not exceed 1.58 milligrams per kilogram. Nitrate-reducing bacteria concentrations of 4,300 most probable number were found at about 220 feet below land surface and at the top of the water table at YVUZ-1. Nitrate concentrations at YVUZ-2 reached a maximum concentration of about 25 milligrams per kilogram between about 100 and 121 feet below land surface; concentrations of nitrate-reducing or denitrifying bacteria were as high as 21,000 most probable number at 36 feet below land surface but did not exceed 40 most probable number below about 150 feet below land surface. Between June 2006 and September 2009, more than 9,800 acre feet of water from the State Water Project was released to site 3 ponds. The infiltration of the recharge water was predominantly vertical with limited lateral spreading to a depth of about 200 feet below land surface at YVUZ-1. Lateral spreading of the recharge water with depth was caused by geologic heterogeneities within the unsaturated zone, and resulted in varied arrival times of the recharge water to the instruments and slower rates of vertical movement with depth. No abrupt changes in soil moisture were observed at YVUZ-2, indicating that the recharge water had not reached that site by September 2009. Water levels from the monitoring wells at both sites and from five production wells nearby showed that the water table rose at a mean rate of about 0.08 feet per day between June 2006 and January 2009. The arrival of the water from the State Water Project caused relatively rapid changes in the stable-isotopic ratios from the lysimeters at YVUZ-1. The estimated average rate of infiltration of the recharge water through the unsaturated zone ranged from 3.7 to 25 feet per day. The recharge water arrived at the monitoring well below the recharge ponds between August 2007 and March 2008; the rate of vertical movement to the monitoring well was between 0.6 and 0.9 feet per day. By September 2008, a production well located 375 feet west of site 3 was producing almost 100 percent infiltrated recharge water. By contrast, the stable-isotope data from the lysimeters at YVUZ-2 showed that the recharge water had not reached this site by September 2009, but that septic effluent in the unsaturated zone likely had mixed with the native pore water to at least 154 feet below land surface. Assuming vertical infiltration, the minimum rate of infiltration of septic effluent since 1960 was about 3 feet per year. The isotopic data from the lysimeters at YVUZ-3 indicated two different sources of water to the upper 43 feet–irrigation-return flow and precipitation. Nitrate concentrations of the water from the State Water Project did not exceed 1 milligram per liter. Prior to artificial recharge, nitrate concentrations of the pore water at YVUZ-1 ranged between 6 to 18.2 milligrams per liter. After the arrival of the recharge water, the nitrate concentrations from the lysimeters and well at YVUZ-1 decreased to less than 1 milligram per liter, with the exception of samples collected at 205.5 feet, which did not exceed 4.12 milligrams per liter. The decrease in nitrate concentrations after artificial recharge indicated that the rising water table did not result in an increase of nitrates below YVUZ-1. At YVUZ-2, nitrate concentrations ranged between 12 to 479 milligrams per liter. The highest nitrate concentrations were at 92 feet below land surface and were almost seven times that of samples collected from a nearby septic tank. Nitrate concentrations from the lysimeter at 273 feet below land surface increased from 6 to almost 58 milligrams per liter after it was saturated by the rising water table in December 2007. These increases could be the result of the mobilization of high-nitrate water from regional sources of septic effluent after saturation, or the result of high-nitrate water present at the top of the water table that may be diluted deeper in the aquifer. Nitrate concentrations in groundwater from five nearby production wells and from both monitoring wells were less than 5 milligrams per liter before artificial recharge started. Nitrate concentrations decreased to less than 3 milligrams per liter in three of the production wells and the monitoring well below the recharge ponds after artificial recharge. Dissolved organic carbon concentrations were measured in the recharge water and groundwater because of the potential for dissolved organic carbon to react with chlorine to form trihalomethanes during the water-treatment process. The dissolved organic carbon concentrations of the recharge water were 3.1 milligrams per liter or less, and dissolved organic carbon concentrations of the groundwater were less than 1 milligram per liter. Even though recharge water was present in some of the wells by September 2008, the concentrations of both dissolved organic carbon and trihalomethane formation potential in the groundwater did not increase. Interpretation of these data suggests that the dissolved organic carbon from the recharge water is altered or metabolized in the unsaturated zone, either by absorption to the grain particles in the soil or by microbiological processes.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135088","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Hi-Desert Water District","usgsCitation":"Stamos, C., Martin, P., Everett, R., and Izbicki, J., 2013, The effects of artificial recharge on groundwater levels and water quality in the west hydrogeologic unit of the Warren subbasin, San Bernardino County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5088, Report: xii, 88 p.; Appendix 4: XLSX file; Appendix 5: XLSX file; Appendix 7: XLSX file; Appendix 8: XLSX file, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135088.","productDescription":"Report: xii, 88 p.; Appendix 4: XLSX file; Appendix 5: XLSX file; Appendix 7: XLSX file; Appendix 8: XLSX file","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278685,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135088.jpg"},{"id":278681,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5088/sir2013-5088_appendix5.xlsx"},{"id":278679,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5088/pdf/sir2013-5088.pdf"},{"id":278680,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5088/"},{"id":278682,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5088/sir2013-5088_appendix4.xlsx"},{"id":278683,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5088/sir2013-5088_appendix7.xlsx"},{"id":278684,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5088/sir2013-5088_appendix8.xlsx"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Bernardino County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.493530,34.000304 ], [ -116.493530,34.148749 ], [ -116.320496,34.148749 ], [ -116.320496,34.000304 ], [ -116.493530,34.000304 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5278c217e4b0c04ac3417aa7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stamos, Christina L. 0000-0002-1007-9352","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1007-9352","contributorId":19593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stamos","given":"Christina L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, Peter pmmartin@usgs.gov","contributorId":799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Peter","email":"pmmartin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Everett, Rhett R. 0000-0001-7983-6270 reverett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7983-6270","contributorId":843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Everett","given":"Rhett R.","email":"reverett@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":485613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Izbicki, John A. 0000-0003-0816-4408 jaizbick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0816-4408","contributorId":1375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izbicki","given":"John A.","email":"jaizbick@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":485614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70048772,"text":"fs20133056 - 2013 - The 3D Elevation Program: summary for California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-17T16:03:05","indexId":"fs20133056","displayToPublicDate":"2013-11-04T08:57:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-3056","title":"The 3D Elevation Program: summary for California","docAbstract":"Elevation data are essential to a broad range of applications, including forest resources management, wildlife and habitat management, national security, recreation, and many others. For the State of California, elevation data are critical for infrastructure and construction management; natural resources conservation; flood risk management; wildfire management, planning, and response; agriculture and precision farming; geologic resource assessment and hazard mitigation; and other business uses. Today, high-quality light detection and ranging (lidar) data are the sources for creating elevation models and other elevation datasets. Federal, State, and local agencies work in partnership to (1) replace data, on a national basis, that are (on average) 30 years old and of lower quality and (2) provide coverage where publicly accessible data do not exist. A joint goal of State and Federal partners is to acquire consistent, statewide coverage to support existing and emerging applications enabled by lidar data. The new 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) initiative, managed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), responds to the growing need for high-quality topographic data and a wide range of other three-dimensional representations of the Nation’s natural and constructed features.
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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5278c216e4b0c04ac3417aa4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carswell, William J. Jr. carswell@usgs.gov","contributorId":1787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carswell","given":"William J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"carswell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":485603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70048767,"text":"sim3271 - 2013 - Geologic map of the Mount Sherman 7.5' quadrangle, Lake and Park Counties, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-14T14:49:36","indexId":"sim3271","displayToPublicDate":"2013-11-01T16:16:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3271","title":"Geologic map of the Mount Sherman 7.5' quadrangle, Lake and Park Counties, Colorado","docAbstract":"The Mount Sherman 7.5- minute quadrangle is located along the crest of the Mosquito Range in between Leadville and Fairplay, Colorado. There are eleven 13,000-foot peaks and one fourteener, Mount Sherman, within the quadrangle. General elevations range from 10,400–14,036 feet (3,200–4,278 meters). The western half of the quadrangle primarily consists of Proterozoic granitic rocks reverse faulted over Paleozoic sedimentary rocks during the Laramide orogeny of late Cretaceous and Paleocene time. Coeval to this contractional event, sills and laccoliths of the White porphyry group (which probably includes rocks equivalent to the Pando Porphyry) were emplaced in the surrounding country rocks. Igneous activity continued into the Late Eocene with the emplacement of the Sacramento Porphyry (about 43.9 Ma) and the Gray porphyry group (about 36.7 Ma), and as young as 29 Ma to the north within the Climax quadrangle. With the inception of the Rio Grande rift within the region, the Paleozoic sedimentary rocks and Late Cretaceous to early Oligocene igneous rocks were extensionally faulted and tilted to the east. This resulted in the present 20–30 degree dip-slope of these rocks on top of Proterozoic basement rocks within the eastern half of the quadrangle. This extensional regime has continued well into the Pliocene. Within the southwestern quadrant, suspicious lineaments, alignment of springs, and continuous, measureable escarpments provide reasonable evidence for Quaternary tectonic activity along the western flank of the range. Pleistocene glaciers have dramatically sculpted the region, providing exceptional exposure of the region’s bedrock and structure.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3271","usgsCitation":"Bohannon, R.G., and Ruleman, C., 2013, Geologic map of the Mount Sherman 7.5' quadrangle, Lake and Park Counties, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3271, 1 Plate: 43.0 x 40.0 inches; Downloads directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3271.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 43.0 x 40.0 inches; Downloads directory","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278666,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim3271.gif"},{"id":278663,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3271/"},{"id":278665,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3271/downloads/"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator, zone 15","datum":"North American Datum of 1927","country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Lake County;Park County","otherGeospatial":"Mount Sherman","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -106.25,39.125 ], [ -106.25,39.25 ], [ -106.125,39.25 ], [ -106.125,39.125 ], [ -106.25,39.125 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5274c67ee4b089748f071327","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bohannon, Robert G. rbohannon@usgs.gov","contributorId":2255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohannon","given":"Robert","email":"rbohannon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":485594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ruleman, Chester A.","contributorId":41533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruleman","given":"Chester A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70136362,"text":"70136362 - 2013 - Genetics, recruitment, and migration patterns of Arctic Cisco (Coregonus autumnalis) in the Colville River, Alaska and Mackenzie River, Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-30T16:03:57","indexId":"70136362","displayToPublicDate":"2013-11-01T16:15:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3093,"text":"Polar Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetics, recruitment, and migration patterns of Arctic Cisco (Coregonus autumnalis) in the Colville River, Alaska and Mackenzie River, Canada","docAbstract":"Arctic cisco Coregonus autumnalis have a complex anadromous life history, many aspects of which remain poorly understood. Some life history traits of Arctic cisco from the Colville River, Alaska, and Mackenzie River basin, Canada, were investigated using molecular genetics, harvest data, and otolith microchemistry. The Mackenzie hypothesis, which suggests that Arctic cisco found in Alaskan waters originate from the Mackenzie River system, was tested using 11 microsatellite loci and a single mitochondrial DNA gene. No genetic differentiation was found among sample collections from the Colville River and the Mackenzie River system using molecular markers (P > 0.19 in all comparisons). Model-based clustering methods also supported genetic admixture between sample collections from the Colville River and Mackenzie River basin. A reanalysis of recruitment patterns to Alaska, which included data from recent warm periods and suspected changes in atmospheric circulation patterns, still finds that recruitment is correlated to wind conditions. Otolith microchemistry (Sr/Ca ratios) confirmed repeated, annual movements of Arctic cisco between low-salinity habitats in winter and marine waters in summer.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","publisherLocation":"Heidelberg","doi":"10.1007/s00300-013-1372-y","usgsCitation":"Zimmerman, C.E., Ramey, A.M., Turner, S., Mueter, F.J., Murphy, S., and Nielsen, J.L., 2013, Genetics, recruitment, and migration patterns of Arctic Cisco (Coregonus autumnalis) in the Colville River, Alaska and Mackenzie River, Canada: Polar Biology, v. 36, no. 11, p. 1543-1555, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-013-1372-y.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1543","endPage":"1555","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-022648","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296953,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":296938,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00300-013-1372-y"}],"volume":"36","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-07-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2ba7e4b08de9379b345e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zimmerman, Christian E. 0000-0002-3646-0688 czimmerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3646-0688","contributorId":410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"Christian","email":"czimmerman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ramey, Andrew M. 0000-0002-3601-8400 aramey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3601-8400","contributorId":1872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramey","given":"Andrew","email":"aramey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Turner, S.","contributorId":18947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":537466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mueter, Franz J.","contributorId":131144,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mueter","given":"Franz","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":537467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Murphy, S.","contributorId":91384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":537468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nielsen, Jennifer L.","contributorId":43722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70074105,"text":"70074105 - 2013 - Crustal-scale recycling in caldera complexes and rift zones along the Yellowstone hotspot track: O and Hf isotopic evidence in diverse zircons from voluminous rhyolites of the Picabo volcanic field, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-02T16:49:41.533555","indexId":"70074105","displayToPublicDate":"2013-11-01T16:07:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crustal-scale recycling in caldera complexes and rift zones along the Yellowstone hotspot track: O and Hf isotopic evidence in diverse zircons from voluminous rhyolites of the Picabo volcanic field, Idaho","docAbstract":"Rhyolites of the Picabo volcanic field (10.4–6.6 Ma) in eastern Idaho are preserved as thick ignimbrites and lavas along the margins of the Snake River Plain (SRP), and within a deep (>3 km) borehole near the central axis of the Yellowstone hotspot track. In this study we present new O and Hf isotope data and U–Pb geochronology for individual zircons, O isotope data for major phenocrysts (quartz, plagioclase, and pyroxene), whole rock Sr and Nd isotope ratios, and whole rock geochemistry for a suite of Picabo rhyolites. We synthesize our new datasets with published Ar–Ar geochronology to establish the eruptive framework of the Picabo volcanic field, and interpret its petrogenetic history in the context of other well-studied caldera complexes in the SRP. Caldera complex evolution at Picabo began with eruption of the 10.44±0.27 Ma (U–Pb) Tuff of Arbon Valley (TAV), a chemically zoned and normal-δ18O (δ18O magma=7.9‰) unit with high, zoned 87Sr/86Sri (0.71488–0.72520), and low-εNd(0) (−18) and εHf(0) (−28). The TAV and an associated post caldera lava flow possess the lowest εNd(0) (−23), indicating ∼40–60% derivation from the Archean upper crust. Normal-δ18O rhyolites were followed by a series of lower-δ18O eruptions with more typical (lower crustal) Sr–Nd–Hf isotope ratios and whole rock chemistry. The voluminous 8.25±0.26 Ma West Pocatello rhyolite has the lowest δ18O value (δ18Omelt=3.3‰), and we correlate it to a 1,000 m thick intracaldera tuff present in the INEL-1 borehole (with published zircon ages 8.04–8.35 Ma, and similarly low-δ18O zircon values). The significant (4–5‰) decrease in magmatic-δ18O values in Picabo rhyolites is accompanied by an increase in zircon δ18O heterogeneity from ∼1‰ variation in the TAV to >5‰ variation in the late-stage low-δ18O rhyolites, a trend similar to what is characteristic of Heise and Yellowstone, and which indicates remelting of variably hydrothermally altered tuffs followed by rapid batch assembly prior to eruption. However, due to the greater abundance of low-δ18O rhyolites at Picabo, the eruptive framework may reflect an intertwined history of caldera collapse and coeval Basin and Range rifting and hydrothermal alteration. We speculate that the source rocks with pre-existing low-δ18O alteration may be related to: (1) deeply buried and unexposed older deposits of Picabo-age or Twin Falls-age low-δ18O volcanics; and/or (2) regionally-abundant late Eocene Challis volcanics, which were hydrothermally altered near the surface prior to or during peak Picabo magmatism. Basin and Range extension, specifically the formation of metamorphic core complexes exposed in the region, could have facilitated the generation of low-δ18O magmas by exhuming heated rocks and creating the large water-rock ratios necessary for shallow hydrothermal alteration of tectonically (rift zones) and volcanically (calderas) buried volcanic rocks. These interpretations highlight the major processes by which supereruptive volumes of magma are generated in the SRP, mechanisms applicable to producing rhyolites worldwide that are facilitated by plume driven volcanism and extensional tectonics.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2013.08.007","usgsCitation":"Drew, D.L., Bindeman, I.N., Watts, K.E., Schmitt, A., Fu, B., and McCurry, M., 2013, Crustal-scale recycling in caldera complexes and rift zones along the Yellowstone hotspot track: O and Hf isotopic evidence in diverse zircons from voluminous rhyolites of the Picabo volcanic field, Idaho: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 381, p. 63-77, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2013.08.007.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"63","endPage":"77","numberOfPages":"15","ipdsId":"IP-052097","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281596,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Picabo Volcanic Field","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.2578125,\n 42.293564192170095\n ],\n [\n -111.09374999999999,\n 42.293564192170095\n ],\n [\n -111.09374999999999,\n 44.43377984606822\n ],\n [\n -114.2578125,\n 44.43377984606822\n ],\n [\n -114.2578125,\n 42.293564192170095\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"381","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd538fe4b0b290850f5362","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drew, Dana L.","contributorId":66167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drew","given":"Dana","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bindeman, Ilya N.","contributorId":7992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bindeman","given":"Ilya","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Watts, Kathryn E. 0000-0002-6110-7499 kwatts@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6110-7499","contributorId":5081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watts","given":"Kathryn","email":"kwatts@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schmitt, Axel K.","contributorId":69287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmitt","given":"Axel K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fu, Bin","contributorId":96584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fu","given":"Bin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McCurry, Michael","contributorId":68646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCurry","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70048424,"text":"70048424 - 2013 - Spatial, seasonal, and source variability in the stable oxygen and hydrogen isotopic composition of tap waters throughout the USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-25T16:10:14","indexId":"70048424","displayToPublicDate":"2013-11-01T16:06:11","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial, seasonal, and source variability in the stable oxygen and hydrogen isotopic composition of tap waters throughout the USA","docAbstract":"To assess spatial, seasonal, and source variability in stable isotopic composition of human drinking waters throughout the entire USA, we have constructed a database of δ18O and δ2H of US tap waters. An additional purpose was to create a publicly available dataset useful for evaluating the forensic applicability of these isotopes for human tissue source geolocation. Samples were obtained at 349 sites, from diverse population centres, grouped by surface hydrologic units for regional comparisons. Samples were taken concurrently during two contrasting seasons, summer and winter. Source supply (surface, groundwater, mixed, and cistern) and system (public and private) types were noted. The isotopic composition of tap waters exhibits large spatial and regional variation within each season as well as significant at-site differences between seasons at many locations, consistent with patterns found in environmental (river and precipitation) waters deriving from hydrologic processes influenced by geographic factors. However, anthropogenic factors, such as the population of a tap’s surrounding community and local availability from diverse sources, also influence the isotopic composition of tap waters. Even within a locale as small as a single metropolitan area, tap waters with greatly differing isotopic compositions can be found, so that tap water within a region may not exhibit the spatial or temporal coherence predicted for environmental water. Such heterogeneities can be confounding factors when attempting forensic inference of source water location, and they underscore the necessity of measurements, not just predictions, with which to characterize the isotopic composition of regional tap waters. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.10004","usgsCitation":"Landwehr, J.M., Coplen, T.B., and Stewart, D.W., 2013, Spatial, seasonal, and source variability in the stable oxygen and hydrogen isotopic composition of tap waters throughout the USA: Hydrological Processes, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10004.","productDescription":"41 p.","ipdsId":"IP-026338","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278112,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hyp.10004/abstract"},{"id":282785,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":282784,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10004"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 173.0,16.916667 ], [ 173.0,71.833333 ], [ -66.95,71.833333 ], [ -66.95,16.916667 ], [ 173.0,16.916667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-09-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd7399e4b0b290851090a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landwehr, Jurate M. jmlandwe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landwehr","given":"Jurate","email":"jmlandwe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":484616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coplen, Tyler B. 0000-0003-4884-6008 tbcoplen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4884-6008","contributorId":508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"Tyler","email":"tbcoplen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stewart, David W. dwstewar@usgs.gov","contributorId":2390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"David","email":"dwstewar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":484617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70099267,"text":"70099267 - 2013 - Animal migration and risk of spread of viral infections","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-13T16:54:36.278271","indexId":"70099267","displayToPublicDate":"2013-11-01T15:36:24","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"9","title":"Animal migration and risk of spread of viral infections","docAbstract":"The potential contribution of migration towards the spread of disease is as varied as the ecology of the pathogens themselves and their host populations. This chapter outlines multiple examples of viral diseases in animal populations and their mechanisms of viral spread. Many species of insects, mammals, fish, and birds exhibit migratory behavior and have the potential to disperse diseases over long distances. The majority of studies available on viral zoonoses have focused on birds and bats, due to their highly migratory life histories. A number of studies have reported evidence of changes in the timing of animal migrations in response to climate change. The majority indicate an advancement of spring migration, with few or inconclusive results for fall migration. Predicting the combined effects of climate change on migratory patterns of host species and epidemiology of viral pathogens is complex and not fully realistic.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Viral infections and global change","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/9781118297469.ch9","usgsCitation":"Prosser, D.J., Nagel, J.L., and Takekawa, J.Y., 2013, Animal migration and risk of spread of viral infections, chap. 9 of Viral infections and global change, p. 151-178, https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118297469.ch9.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"151","endPage":"178","ipdsId":"IP-042057","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":284417,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-10-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53558fc8e4b0120853e8be3c","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Singh, Sunit K.","contributorId":113604,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Singh","given":"Sunit","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509826,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Prosser, Diann J. 0000-0002-5251-1799 dprosser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5251-1799","contributorId":2389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prosser","given":"Diann","email":"dprosser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nagel, Jessica L. 0000-0002-4437-0324 jnagel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4437-0324","contributorId":3976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagel","given":"Jessica","email":"jnagel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":491902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70094485,"text":"70094485 - 2013 - Factors controlling floc settling velocity along a longitudinal estuarine transect","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-05T14:20:10.591306","indexId":"70094485","displayToPublicDate":"2013-11-01T15:14:12","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors controlling floc settling velocity along a longitudinal estuarine transect","docAbstract":"A 147 km longitudinal transect of flocculated cohesive sediment properties in San Francisco Bay (SFB) was conducted on June 17th, 2008. Our aim was to determine the factors that control floc settling velocity along the longitudinal axis of the estuary. The INSSEV-LF video system was used to measure floc diameters and settling velocities at 30 stations at a distance of 0.7 m above the estuary bed. Floc sizes (D) ranged from 22 μm to 639 μm and settling velocities (Ws) ranged between 0.04 mm·s− 1 and 15.8 mm·s− 1 during the longitudinal transect. Nearbed turbulent shear stresses throughout the transect duration were within the 0.2–0.5 Pa range which typically stimulates flocculation growth. The individual D–Ws–floc density plots suggest the suspended sediments encountered throughout SFB were composed of both muddy cohesive sediment and mixed sediments flocs. Mass-weighted population mean settling velocity (Wsmass) ranged from 0.5 mm·s− 1 to 10 mm·s− 1. The macrofloc and microfloc (demarcation at 160 μm) sub-populations demonstrated parameterised settling velocities which spanned nearly double the range of the sample mean settling velocities (Wsmean). The macroflocs tended to dominate the suspended mass (up to 77% of the ambient suspended solid concentration; SSC) from San Pablo Bay to Carquinez Strait (the vicinity of the turbidity maximum zone). Microfloc mass was particularly significant (typically 60–100% of the SSC) in the northern section of South Bay and most of Central Bay. The transect took eleven hours to complete and was not fully synoptic. During slack tide, larger and faster settling flocs deposited, accounting for most of the longitudinal variability. The best single predictor of settling velocity was water velocity 39 min prior to sampling, not suspended-sediment concentration or salinity. Resuspension and settling lags are likely responsible for the lagged response of settling velocity to water velocity. The distribution of individual floc diameters and settling velocities indicates that floc density for a given floc diameter varies greatly. A small portion (a few percent) of suspended sediment mass in SFB is sand-sized and inclusion of sand in flocs appears likely. Fractal theory for cohesive sediment assumes that there is a single primary particle size that flocculates, which is not the case for these types of mixed sediment flocs. The wide variability in the physical, biological and chemical processes which contribute to flocculation within SFB means that spatial floc data is required in order to accurately represent the diverse floc dynamics present in the Bay system. The importance in determining accurate estimates of floc density has been highlighted by the SFB data, as these provide the basis for realistic distributions of floc dry mass and the mass settling flux across a floc population. However, although video floc sampling devices can produce the various floc property trends observed in SFB, good survey practice is still paramount. One can see that if the sampling coverage (i.e. data collection frequency) is poor, this could lead to potential mis-interpretations of the data and only limited conclusions may be drawn from such a restricted survey. For example, a limited survey (i.e. only 3 stations, compared to the 10 stations in the full survey) in South Bay produces an under-estimate in both the macrofloc SSCmacro distribution by a factor of four and the Wsmacro by a factor of two. To develop sediment transport numerical models for SFB, high quality floc size and settling data are needed to understand and simulate the depositional qualities of both suspended cohesive sediment and mixed sediments in San Francisco Bay. This study has shown that the most pragmatic solution is a physically-based approach, whereby the detailed flocs D vs. Ws spectra are parameterised in terms of their macrofloc and microfloc properties. This aids in model calibration, whilst retaining more of the dynamical aspects of the floc populations. All forms of flocculation are dynamically active processes, therefore it is important to also include both SSC and turbulence functions together with the floc data.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.margeo.2013.06.018","usgsCitation":"Manning, A., and Schoellhamer, D., 2013, Factors controlling floc settling velocity along a longitudinal estuarine transect: Marine Geology, v. 345, p. 266-280, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2013.06.018.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"266","endPage":"280","numberOfPages":"15","ipdsId":"IP-011207","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282591,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.6349,37.4225 ], [ -122.6349,38.277 ], [ -121.6324,38.277 ], [ -121.6324,37.4225 ], [ -122.6349,37.4225 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"345","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd58fbe4b0b290850f86f5","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Barnard, Patrick L. 0000-0003-1414-6476 pbarnard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1414-6476","contributorId":147147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnard","given":"Patrick L.","email":"pbarnard@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":790422,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jaffe, Bruce E. 0000-0002-8816-5920 bjaffe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8816-5920","contributorId":2049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaffe","given":"Bruce","email":"bjaffe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":790423,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schoellhamer, David H. 0000-0001-9488-7340 dschoell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"David H.","email":"dschoell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":790424,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Manning, A.J.","contributorId":54106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manning","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schoellhamer, David H. 0000-0001-9488-7340 dschoell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"David H.","email":"dschoell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70048862,"text":"70048862 - 2013 - Structured decision making","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-29T15:40:20.256108","indexId":"70048862","displayToPublicDate":"2013-11-01T15:05:36","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"5","title":"Structured decision making","docAbstract":"Wildlife management is a decision-focused discipline. It needs to integrate traditional wildlife science and social science to identify actions that are most likely to achieve the array of desires society has surrounding wildlife populations. Decision science, a vast field with roots in economics, operations research, and psychology, offers a rich set of tools to help wildlife managers frame, decompose, analyze, and synthesize their decisions. The nature of wildlife management as a decision science has been recognized since the inception of the field, but formal methods of decision analysis have been underused. There is tremendous potential for wildlife management to grow further through the use of formal decision analysis. First, the wildlife science and human dimensions of wildlife disciplines can be readily integrated. Second, decisions can become more efficient. Third, decisions makers can communicate more clearly with stakeholders and the public. Fourth, good, intuitive wildlife managers, by explicitly examining how they make decisions, can translate their art into a science that is readily used by the next generation.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife management and conservation: Contemporary principles and practices","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Johns Hopkins University Press","publisherLocation":"Baltimore, MD","usgsCitation":"Runge, M.C., Grand, J.B., and Mitchell, M.S., 2013, Structured decision making, chap. 5 of Wildlife management and conservation: Contemporary principles and practices, p. 51-73.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"51","endPage":"73","ipdsId":"IP-034843","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":279614,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52908b10e4b0bbdcf23f0960","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Krausman, Paul R.","contributorId":31467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krausman","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509630,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cain, James W. III","contributorId":113461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cain","given":"James W. III","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509631,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Runge, Michael C. 0000-0002-8081-536X mrunge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8081-536X","contributorId":3358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runge","given":"Michael","email":"mrunge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grand, J. Barry 0000-0002-3576-4567 barry_grand@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3576-4567","contributorId":579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grand","given":"J.","email":"barry_grand@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Barry","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mitchell, Michael S. 0000-0002-0773-6905 mmitchel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0773-6905","contributorId":3716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"Michael","email":"mmitchel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70048199,"text":"70048199 - 2013 - Groundwater ages and mixing in the Piceance Basin natural gas province, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-08T15:14:21","indexId":"70048199","displayToPublicDate":"2013-11-01T15:04:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Groundwater ages and mixing in the Piceance Basin natural gas province, Colorado","docAbstract":"Reliably identifying the effects of energy development on groundwater quality can be difficult because baseline assessments of water quality completed before the onset of energy development are rare and because interactions between hydrocarbon reservoirs and aquifers can be complex, involving both natural and human processes. Groundwater age and mixing data can strengthen interpretations of monitoring data from those areas by providing better understanding of the groundwater flow systems. Chemical, isotopic, and age tracers were used to characterize groundwater ages and mixing with deeper saline water in three areas of the Piceance Basin natural gas province. The data revealed a complex array of groundwater ages (<10 to >50,000 years) and mixing patterns in the basin that helped explain concentrations and sources of methane in groundwater. Age and mixing data also can strengthen the design of monitoring programs by providing information on time scales at which water quality changes in aquifers might be expected to occur. This information could be used to establish maximum allowable distances of monitoring wells from energy development activity and the appropriate duration of monitoring.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es402473c","usgsCitation":"McMahon, P.B., Thomas, J.C., and Hunt, A.G., 2013, Groundwater ages and mixing in the Piceance Basin natural gas province, Colorado: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 47, no. 23, p. 13250-13257, https://doi.org/10.1021/es402473c.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"13250","endPage":"13257","numberOfPages":"8","ipdsId":"IP-051460","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280764,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280762,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es402473c"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Garfield County;Rio Blanco County","otherGeospatial":"Piceance Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.05,38.39 ], [ -109.05,40.22 ], [ -107.04,40.22 ], [ -107.04,38.39 ], [ -109.05,38.39 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"47","issue":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-11-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5fe3e4b0b290850fc93d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McMahon, Peter B. 0000-0001-7452-2379 pmcmahon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7452-2379","contributorId":724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"Peter","email":"pmcmahon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thomas, Judith C. 0000-0001-7883-1419 juthomas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7883-1419","contributorId":1468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Judith","email":"juthomas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hunt, Andrew G. 0000-0002-3810-8610 ahunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3810-8610","contributorId":1582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Andrew","email":"ahunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70111902,"text":"70111902 - 2013 - A landscape-based assessment of climate change vulnerability for all native Hawaiian plants","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-01T15:05:56","indexId":"70111902","displayToPublicDate":"2013-11-01T14:54:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesNumber":"TR HCSU-044","title":"A landscape-based assessment of climate change vulnerability for all native Hawaiian plants","docAbstract":"In Hawaiʽi and elsewhere, research efforts have focused on two main approaches to determine the potential impacts of climate change on individual species: estimating species vulnerabilities and projecting responses of species to expected changes. We integrated these approaches by defining vulnerability as the inability of species to exhibit any of the responses necessary for persistence under climate change (i.e., tolerate projected changes, endure in microrefugia, or migrate to new climate-compatible areas, but excluding evolutionary adaptation).
\nTo operationalize this response-based definition of species vulnerability within a landscape-based analysis, we used current and future climate envelopes for each species to define zones across the landscape: the toleration zone; the microrefugia zone; and the migration zone. Using these response zones we calculated a diverse set of factors related to habitat area, quality, and distribution for each species, including the amount of habitat protection and fragmentation and areas projected to be lost to sea-level rise. We then calculated the probabilities of each species exhibiting these responses using a Bayesian network model and determined the overall climate change vulnerability of each species by using a vulnerability index. As a first iteration of a response-based species vulnerability assessment (VA), our landscape-based analysis effectively integrates species-distribution models into a Bayesian network-based VA that can be updated with improved models and data for more refined analyses in the future.
\nOur results show that the species most vulnerable to climate change also tend to be species of conservation concern due to non-climatic threats (e.g., competition and predation from invasive species, land-use change). Also, many of Hawaiʽi’s taxa that are most vulnerable to climate change share characteristics with species that in the past were found to be at risk of extinction due to non-climatic threats (e.g., archipelago endemism, single-island endemism). Of particular concern are the numerous species that have no compatible-climate areas remaining by the year 2100. Species primarily associated with dry forests have higher vulnerability scores than species from any other habitat type. When examined at taxonomic levels above species, low vulnerabilities are concentrated in families and genera of generalists (e.g., ferns or sedges) and typically associated with mid-elevation wet habitats. Our results replicate findings from other regions that link higher species vulnerability with decreasing range size.
\nThis species VA is possibly the largest in scope ever conducted in the United States with over 1000 species considered, 319 of which are listed as endangered or threatened under the U.S. Endangered Species Act, filling a critical knowledge gap for resource managers in the region. The information in this assessment can help prioritize species for special conservation actions, guide the management of conservation areas, inform the selection of research and monitoring priorities, and support adaptive management planning and implementation.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hawaii Cooperative Studies Unit Technical Report","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of Hawaii","publisherLocation":"Hilo, HI","usgsCitation":"Fortini, L.B., Price, J., Jacobi, J., Vorsino, A., Burgett, J., Brinck, K., Amidon, F., Miller, S., `Ohukani`ohi`a Gon, S., Koob, G., and Paxton, E., 2013, A landscape-based assessment of climate change vulnerability for all native Hawaiian plants, v, 134 p.","productDescription":"v, 134 p.","numberOfPages":"141","ipdsId":"IP-052457","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289344,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288195,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://hilo.hawaii.edu/hcsu/publications.php"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -178.31,18.91 ], [ -178.31,28.4 ], [ -154.81,28.4 ], [ -154.81,18.91 ], [ -178.31,18.91 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53b3d860e4b07c5f79a7f324","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fortini, Lucas B. 0000-0002-5781-7295 lfortini@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5781-7295","contributorId":4645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fortini","given":"Lucas","email":"lfortini@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":494521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Price, Jonathan","contributorId":27789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Price","given":"Jonathan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jacobi, James","contributorId":21073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobi","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vorsino, Adam","contributorId":29740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vorsino","given":"Adam","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Burgett, Jeff","contributorId":40132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burgett","given":"Jeff","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brinck, Kevin W. 0000-0001-7581-2482 kbrinck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7581-2482","contributorId":3847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brinck","given":"Kevin W.","email":"kbrinck@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Amidon, Fred","contributorId":62934,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amidon","given":"Fred","affiliations":[{"id":6654,"text":"USFWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":494528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Miller, Steve","contributorId":77461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Steve","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"`Ohukani`ohi`a Gon, Sam III","contributorId":60961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"`Ohukani`ohi`a Gon","given":"Sam","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Koob, Gregory","contributorId":12377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koob","given":"Gregory","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Paxton, Eben H. 0000-0001-5578-7689 epaxton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5578-7689","contributorId":438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paxton","given":"Eben H.","email":"epaxton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":494519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ]}