{"pageNumber":"1458","pageRowStart":"36425","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40841,"records":[{"id":70121883,"text":"70121883 - 1987 - Variation of wet deposition chemistry in Sequoia National Park, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-25T09:06:48","indexId":"70121883","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T09:04:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":924,"text":"Atmospheric Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variation of wet deposition chemistry in Sequoia National Park, California","docAbstract":"Sequoia National Park has monitored wet deposition chemistry in conjunction with the National Atmospheric Deposition Program and National Trends Network (NADP/NTN), on a weekly basis since July, 1980. Annual deposition of H, NO3 and SO4 (0.045, 3.6, and 3.9 kg ha−1 a−1, respectively) is relatively low compared to that measured in the eastern United States, or in the urban Los Angeles and San Francisco areas. Weekly ion concentrations are highly variable. Maximum concentrations of 324,162, and 156 μeq ol−1 of H, NO3 and SO4 have been recorded for one low volume summer storm (1.4 mm). Summer concentrations of NO3 and SO4 average two and five times higher, respectively, than concentrations reported for remote areas in the world. There is considerable variability in the ionic concentration of low volume samples, and much less variability in moderate and high volume samples.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Atmospheric Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Pergamon Press","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1016/0004-6981(67)90084-4","usgsCitation":"Stohlgren, T.J., and Parsons, D.J., 1987, Variation of wet deposition chemistry in Sequoia National Park, California: Atmospheric Environment, v. 21, no. 6, p. 1369-1374, https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(67)90084-4.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1369","endPage":"1374","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292930,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":292929,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(67)90084-4"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sequoia National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.919577,36.291376 ], [ -118.919577,36.70081 ], [ -118.234767,36.70081 ], [ -118.234767,36.291376 ], [ -118.919577,36.291376 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"21","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53fc4de9e4b0413fd75d6b7f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stohlgren, Thomas J. 0000-0001-9696-4450 stohlgrent@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9696-4450","contributorId":2902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stohlgren","given":"Thomas","email":"stohlgrent@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parsons, David J.","contributorId":39249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70015169,"text":"70015169 - 1987 - Processes and kinetics of Cd2+ sorption by a calcareous aquifer sand","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-05T19:41:42","indexId":"70015169","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Processes and kinetics of Cd2+ sorption by a calcareous aquifer sand","docAbstract":"The rate of Cd2+ sorption by a calcareous aquifer sand was characterized by two reaction steps, with the first step reaching completion in 24 hours. The second step proceeded at a slow and nearly constant rate for at least seven days. The first step includes a fast adsorption reaction which is followed by diffusive transport into either a disordered surface film of hydrated calcium carbonate or into pore spaces. After 24 hours the rate of Cd2+ sorption was constant and controlled by the rate of surface coprecipitation, as a solid solution of CdCO3 in CaCO3 formed in recrystallizing material. Desorption of Cd2+ from the sand was slow. Clean grains of primary minerals, e.g. quartz and aluminosilicates. sorbed much less Cd2+ than grains which had surface patches of secondary minerals, e.g. carbonates, iron and manganese oxides. Calcite grains sorbed the greatest amount of Cd2+ on a weight-normalized basis despite the greater abundance of quartz. A method is illustrated for determining empirical binding constants for trace metals at in situ pH values without introducing the experimental problem of supersaturation. The binding constants are useful for solute transport models which include a computation of aqueous speciation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(87)90331-0","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Fuller, C.C., and Davis, J., 1987, Processes and kinetics of Cd2+ sorption by a calcareous aquifer sand: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 51, no. 6, p. 1491-1502, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(87)90331-0.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1491","endPage":"1502","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224075,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8dade4b0c8380cd7ed70","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fuller, C. C.","contributorId":29858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, J.A.","contributorId":71694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":87303,"text":"87303 - 1987 - Behavioral modification of reproduction in coyotes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:58","indexId":"87303","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3198,"text":"Protecting livestock from coyotes. A synopsis of research of the Agricultural Research Service.","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Behavioral modification of reproduction in coyotes","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Protecting livestock from coyotes. A synopsis of research of the Agricultural Research Service.","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA","usgsCitation":"Barnum, D.A., Flinders, J., and Green, J., 1987, Behavioral modification of reproduction in coyotes: Protecting livestock from coyotes. A synopsis of research of the Agricultural Research Service., p. 10-29.","productDescription":"p. 10-29","startPage":"10","endPage":"29","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":128452,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62ba3c","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Green, J.S.","contributorId":65793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504937,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Barnum, D. A.","contributorId":62536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnum","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flinders, J.T.","contributorId":43703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flinders","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Green, J.S.","contributorId":65793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70182503,"text":"70182503 - 1987 - Use of slope, aspect, and elevation maps derived from digital elevation model data in making soil surveys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-22T15:36:07","indexId":"70182503","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Use of slope, aspect, and elevation maps derived from digital elevation model data in making soil surveys","docAbstract":"Maps showing different classes of slope, aspect, and elevation were developed from U.S. Geological Survey digital elevation model data. The classes were displayed on clear Mylar at 1:24 000-scale and registered with topographic maps and orthophotos. The maps were used with aerial photographs, topographic maps, and other resource data to determine their value in making order-three soil surveys. They were tested on over 600 000 ha in Wyoming, Idaho, and Nevada under various climatic and topographic conditions. Field evaluations showed that the maps developed from digital elevation model data were accurate, except for slope class maps where slopes were <4%. The maps were useful to soil scientists, especially where (i) class boundaries coincided with soil changes, landform delineations, land use and management separations, and vegetation changes, and (ii) rough terrain and dense vegetation made it difficult to traverse the area. In hot, arid areas of sparse vegetation, the relationship of slope classes to kinds of soil and vegetation was less significant.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Soil survey techniques, SSSA Special Publication 20","language":"English","publisher":"Soil Science Society of America","publisherLocation":"Madison, WI","doi":"10.2136/sssaspecpub20.c7","usgsCitation":"Klingebiel, A.A., Horvath, E.H., Moore, D.G., and Reybold, W., 1987, Use of slope, aspect, and elevation maps derived from digital elevation model data in making soil surveys, chap. of Soil survey techniques, SSSA Special Publication 20, p. 77-90, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaspecpub20.c7.","productDescription":"14 p. ","startPage":"77","endPage":"90","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336124,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-10-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b002dbe4b01ccd54fb2813","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klingebiel, A. A.","contributorId":74006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klingebiel","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Horvath, E. H.","contributorId":182374,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Horvath","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moore, D. G.","contributorId":7285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reybold, W.U.","contributorId":182372,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reybold","given":"W.U.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70168533,"text":"70168533 - 1987 - Picture windows of opportunity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-23T14:44:44","indexId":"70168533","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1437,"text":"Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Picture windows of opportunity","docAbstract":"We hate to say that we need a moderate earthquake every once in a while, but experience shows that it surely helps to sell all kinds of seismic safety programs
\n\n- It took the 933 Long Beach earthquake to get the Field Act passed in California requiring the strengthening of our public schools.
\n- It took the 197 San Fernando earthquake for Los Angeles to enact a retrofit ordinance requiring reinforcement of demolition of our 8,000 unreinforced masonry buildings, and the 1985 Mexico City earthquake to shorten its compliance period.
\n- It took the 1983 Coalinga earthquake to get the State of California to require the identification of unreinforced masonry buildings in risk areas throughout the state.
\n
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Matt, S., 1987, Picture windows of opportunity: Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS), v. 19, no. 5, p. 174-177.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"174","endPage":"177","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":318136,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56c6f943e4b0946c6524074a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Matt, S.","contributorId":167024,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Matt","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":620798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70182502,"text":"70182502 - 1987 - Using a spatial and tabular database to generate statistics from terrain and spectral data for soil surveys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-22T15:35:33","indexId":"70182502","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Using a spatial and tabular database to generate statistics from terrain and spectral data for soil surveys","docAbstract":"A methodology has been developed to create a spatial database by referencing digital elevation, Landsat multispectral scanner data, and digitized soil premap delineations of a number of adjacent 7.5-min quadrangle areas to a 30-m Universal Transverse Mercator projection. Slope and aspect transformations are calculated from elevation data and grouped according to field office specifications. An unsupervised classification is performed on a brightness and greenness transformation of the spectral data. The resulting spectral, slope, and aspect maps of each of the 7.5-min quadrangle areas are then plotted and submitted to the field office to be incorporated into the soil premapping stages of a soil survey. A tabular database is created from spatial data by generating descriptive statistics for each data layer within each soil premap delineation. The tabular data base is then entered into a data base management system to be accessed by the field office personnel during the soil survey and to be used for subsequent resource management decisions.
Large amounts of data are collected and archived during resource inventories for public land management. Often these data are stored as stacks of maps or folders in a file system in someone's office, with the maps in a variety of formats, scales, and with various standards of accuracy depending on their purpose. This system of information storage and retrieval is cumbersome at best when several categories of information are needed simultaneously for analysis or as input to resource management models. Computers now provide the resource scientist with the opportunity to design increasingly complex models that require even more categories of resource-related information, thus compounding the problem.
Recently there has been much emphasis on the use of geographic information systems (GIS) as an alternative method for map data archives and as a resource management tool. Considerable effort has been devoted to the generation of tabular databases, such as the U.S. Department of Agriculture's SCS/S015 (Soil Survey Staff, 1983), to archive the large amounts of information that are collected in conjunction with mapping of natural resources in an easily retrievable manner.
During the past 4 years the U.S. Geological Survey's EROS Data Center, in a cooperative effort with the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and the Soil Conservation Service (SCS), developed a procedure that uses spatial and tabular databases to generate elevation, slope, aspect, and spectral map products that can be used during soil premapping. The procedure results in tabular data, residing in a database management system, that are indexed to the final soil delineations and help quantify soil map unit composition.
The procedure was developed and tested on soil surveys on over 600 000 ha in Wyoming, Nevada, and Idaho. A transfer of technology from the EROS Data Center to the BLM will enable the Denver BLM Service Center to use this procedure in soil survey operations on BLM lands. Also underway is a cooperative effort between the EROS Data Center and SCS to define and evaluate maps that can be produced as derivatives of digital elevation data for 7.5-min quadrangle areas, such as those used during the premapping stage of the soil surveys mentioned above, the idea being to make such products routinely available.
The procedure emphasizes the applications of digital elevation and spectral data to order-three soil surveys on rangelands, and will:
Incorporate digital terrain and spectral data into a spatial database for soil surveys.
Provide hardcopy products (that can be generated from digital elevation model and spectral data) that are useful during the soil pre-mapping process.
Incorporate soil premaps into a spatial database that can be accessed during the soil survey process along with terrain and spectral data.
Summarize useful quantitative information for soil mapping and for making interpretations for resource management.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Soil survey techniques, SSSA Special Publication 20","language":"English","publisher":"Soil Science Society of America","doi":"10.2136/sssaspecpub20.c8","usgsCitation":"Horvath, E., Fosnight, E., Klingebiel, A.A., Moore, D.G., and Stone, J., 1987, Using a spatial and tabular database to generate statistics from terrain and spectral data for soil surveys, chap. of Soil survey techniques, SSSA Special Publication 20, p. 91-98, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaspecpub20.c8.","productDescription":"8 p. ","startPage":"91","endPage":"98","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336123,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-10-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b002dbe4b01ccd54fb2815","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Reybold, W.U.","contributorId":182372,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reybold","given":"W.U.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671291,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Petersen, G.W.","contributorId":35503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671292,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Horvath, E.A.","contributorId":182370,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Horvath","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fosnight, E. A. 0000-0002-8557-3697","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8557-3697","contributorId":97911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fosnight","given":"E. A.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":671287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Klingebiel, A. A.","contributorId":74006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klingebiel","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moore, D. G.","contributorId":7285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stone, J.E.","contributorId":182371,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stone","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70014179,"text":"70014179 - 1987 - A model of geomagnetic secular variation for 1980-1983","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-13T13:22:26","indexId":"70014179","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3071,"text":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A model of geomagnetic secular variation for 1980-1983","docAbstract":"We developed an updated model of the secular variation of the main geomagnetic field during 1980 through 1983 based on annual mean values for that interval from 148 worldwide magnetic observatories. The model consists of a series of 80 spherical harmonics, up to and including those of degree and order 8. We used it to form a proposal for the 1985 revision of the International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF). Comparison of the new model, whose mean epoch is approximately 1982.0, with the Provisional Geomagnetic Reference Field for 1975-1980 (PGRF 1975), indicates that the moment of the centered-dipole part of the geomagnetic field is now decreasing faster than it was 5 years ago. The rate (in field units) indicated by PGRF 1975 was about -25 nT a-1, while for the new model it is -28 nT a-1. ?? 1987.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0031-9201(87)90155-5","issn":"00319201","usgsCitation":"Peddie, N., and Zunde, A., 1987, A model of geomagnetic secular variation for 1980-1983: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, v. 48, no. 3-4, p. 324-329, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(87)90155-5.","startPage":"324","endPage":"329","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":267331,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(87)90155-5"},{"id":225428,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e47fe4b0c8380cd46681","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peddie, N.W.","contributorId":75911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peddie","given":"N.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zunde, A.K.","contributorId":21946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zunde","given":"A.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014745,"text":"70014745 - 1987 - Sulfur and lead isotope studies of stratiform Zn-Pb-Ag deposits, Anvil Range, Yukon: Basinal brine exhalation and anoxic bottom-water mixing (Canada)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-05T18:00:39.451468","indexId":"70014745","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sulfur and lead isotope studies of stratiform Zn-Pb-Ag deposits, Anvil Range, Yukon: Basinal brine exhalation and anoxic bottom-water mixing (Canada)","docAbstract":"Five stratiform Zn-Pb-Ag deposits are known in Early Cambrian metapelitic rocks along a curvilinear trend in the Anvil Range, central Yukon. The Anvil Range deposits occur along the southwestern boundary of the Selwyn basin in the stratigraphic transition zone between metapelites of the Mt. Mye unit and calcareous phyllites of the overlying Vangorda unit. The massive sulfides are associated closely with anomalously thick graphitic phyllites, apparently related to a second-order basin. A typical Anvil cycle of mineralization begins with a ribbon-banded graphitic-quartzitic-pyritic unit. This grades upward into sulfide-bearing quartzite, quartzitic massive sulfide, massive sulfide, and finally a baritic massive sulfide horizon. Sericitic alteration envelopes irregularly encompass each deposit and locally are developed best in footwall rocks. Detailed sulfur isotope studies have been carried out on the DY and Grum deposits and on one representative drill hole from the Faro deposit. The delta 34 S values of sulfide minerals generally range from 10 to 22 per mil and are similar in all three deposits. The delta 34 S values of pyrite in unmineralized samples from the district exhibit a wider range, from 6 to 34 per mil, and show distinct upward stratigraphic increase due to a stagnation cycle in the basin. The delta 34 S values of barite samples are strongly dependent on bottom-water conditions and mode of mixing during brine exhalation. They range from 22 to 26 per mil in the Faro deposit to 36 to 42 per mil in the DY deposit. These variations are due to mixing of isotopically light sulfate (18-20ppm) in Ba-bearing ore fluid and isotopically heavy residual sulfate (30-60ppm) in anoxic seawater. Thirty-eight samples of galena from the DY, Grum, Faro, SB, and Swim deposits have been analyzed for lead isotope ratios. In general, the lead isotope ratio data indicate an upper crustal lead source, with the Proterozoic Grit unit which is inferred to underlie the district being the most likely source rock. A small component of mantle leads from mafic igneous rocks or due to source rock inhomogeneity is also indicated. Graphitic host lithologies, lack of stratiform iron oxides, delta 34 S values of sedimentary pyrite, and sulfide sulfur-organic carbon variations in unmineralized cores indicate formation of the Anvil deposits in strongly reduced bottom water related to a previously unknown Early Cambrian anoxic event.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.82.3.600","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Shanks, W.C., Woodruff, L.G., Jilson, G., Jennings, D., Modene, J., and Ryan, B., 1987, Sulfur and lead isotope studies of stratiform Zn-Pb-Ag deposits, Anvil Range, Yukon: Basinal brine exhalation and anoxic bottom-water mixing (Canada): Economic Geology, v. 82, no. 3, p. 600-634, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.82.3.600.","productDescription":"35 p.","startPage":"600","endPage":"634","numberOfPages":"35","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226244,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"82","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1987-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9dcee4b08c986b31daba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shanks, Wayne C. III","contributorId":100527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanks","given":"Wayne","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Woodruff, L. G.","contributorId":46999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodruff","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jilson, G.A.","contributorId":78096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jilson","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jennings, D.S.","contributorId":24503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Modene, J.S.","contributorId":97642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Modene","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ryan, B.D.","contributorId":7017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70014184,"text":"70014184 - 1987 - Chalcopyrite disease in sphalerite: pathology and epidemiology.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:29","indexId":"70014184","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chalcopyrite disease in sphalerite: pathology and epidemiology.","docAbstract":"This descriptive paper identifies three widely occurring textures designated as 'watermelon', 'dusting' and 'bimodal' that characterize the replacement of original Fe-bearing sphalerite by an aggregate of chalcopyrite and low-Fe sphalerite as an integral part of the mineralization process. Replacement probably predominates over alternative modes of origin for small chalcopyrite blebs in sphalerite from most vein and sea-floor massive sulphide deposits that formed in the 200-400oC temperature range and that have not been subsequently subjected to higher T. Sphalerite from the epithermal Ag-Pb-Zn deposit at Creede, Colorado, displays a rich variety of features (\"bead chains') that are primary crystal dislocations decorated by exsolved chalcopyrite.-J.A.Z.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0003004X","usgsCitation":"Barton, P.B., and Bethke, P.M., 1987, Chalcopyrite disease in sphalerite: pathology and epidemiology.: American Mineralogist, v. 72, no. 5-6, p. 451-467.","startPage":"451","endPage":"467","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225557,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"5-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f3f9e4b0c8380cd4ba6c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barton, P. B. Jr.","contributorId":23683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barton","given":"P.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bethke, P. M.","contributorId":32921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bethke","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014219,"text":"70014219 - 1987 - Some effects of quiet geomagnetic field changes upon values used for main field modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-13T13:27:25","indexId":"70014219","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3071,"text":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Some effects of quiet geomagnetic field changes upon values used for main field modeling","docAbstract":"The effects of three methods of data selection upon the assumed main field levels for geomagnetic observatory records used in main field modeling were investigated for a year of very low solar-terrestrial activity. The first method concerned the differences between the year's average of quiet day field values and the average of all values during the year. For H these differences were 2-3 gammas, for D they were -0.04 to -0.12???, for Z the differences were negligible. The second method of selection concerned the effects of the daytime internal Sq variations upon the daily mean values of field. The midnight field levels when the Sq currents were a minimum deviated from the daily mean levels by as much as 4-7 gammas in H and Z but were negligible for D. The third method of selection was designed to avoid the annual and semi-annual quiet level changes of field caused by the seasonal changes in the magnetosphere. Contributions from these changes were found to be as much as 4-7 gammas in quiet years and expected to be greater than 10 gammas in active years. Suggestions for improved methods of improved data selection in main field modeling are given. ?? 1987.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0031-9201(87)90144-0","issn":"00319201","usgsCitation":"Campbell, W., 1987, Some effects of quiet geomagnetic field changes upon values used for main field modeling: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, v. 48, no. 3-4, p. 193-199, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(87)90144-0.","startPage":"193","endPage":"199","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":267335,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(87)90144-0"},{"id":226007,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b929ae4b08c986b319fe6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Campbell, W.H.","contributorId":30749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70014193,"text":"70014193 - 1987 - Multiple sources of alkanes in Quaternary oceanic sediment of Antarctica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-14T22:13:56.779893","indexId":"70014193","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2958,"text":"Organic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multiple sources of alkanes in Quaternary oceanic sediment of Antarctica","docAbstract":"Normal alkanes (n-C13![\"single](\"https://sdfestaticassets-us-east-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/55/entities/sbnd.gif\")
n-C36), isoprenoid hydrocarbons (i-C15, i-C16, i-C18, i-C19, and i-C20) triterpanes (C27C32), and (C27C29) are present in low concentrations offshore Antarctica in near-surface, Quaternary sediment of the Wilkes Land continental margin and of the western Ross Sea. The distributions of these hydrocarbons are interpreted relative to possible sources and processes. The hydrocarbons appear to be mixtures of primary and recycled material from marine and terrigenous sources. The n-alkanes are most abundant and are characterized by two distinct populations, one of probable marine origin and the other likely from terrigenous, vascular plant sources. Because the continent of Antarctica today is devoid of higher plants, the plant-derived hydrocarbons in these offshore sediments probably came from wind-blown material and recycled Antarctic sediment that contains land-plant remains from an earlier period of time. Isoprenoid hydrocarbons are partially recycled and mainly of marine origin; the dominance of pristane over phytane suggests oxic paleoenvironmental conditions. Both modern and ancient triterpanes and steranes are present, and the distribution of these indicates a mixture of primary and recycled bacterial, algal, and possible higher-plant materials. Although the sampled sediments were deposited during the Quaternary, they apparently contain a significant component of hydrocarbons of pre-Quaternary age.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0146-6380(87)90040-4","usgsCitation":"Kvenvolden, K.A., Rapp, J., Golan-Bac, M., and Hostettler, F.D., 1987, Multiple sources of alkanes in Quaternary oceanic sediment of Antarctica: Organic Geochemistry, v. 11, no. 4, p. 291-302, https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6380(87)90040-4.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"291","endPage":"302","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225690,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Antarctica","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 160.97363351207912,\n -73.17043004224713\n ],\n [\n 160.97363351207912,\n -78.3166029074892\n ],\n [\n 181.77303555738786,\n -78.3166029074892\n ],\n [\n 181.77303555738786,\n -73.17043004224713\n ],\n [\n 160.97363351207912,\n -73.17043004224713\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a607ce4b0c8380cd714be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kvenvolden, Keith A. kkvenvolden@usgs.gov","contributorId":3384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kvenvolden","given":"Keith","email":"kkvenvolden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":367823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rapp, John B.","contributorId":32028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rapp","given":"John B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Golan-Bac, Margaret","contributorId":19169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Golan-Bac","given":"Margaret","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hostettler, Frances D. fdhostet@usgs.gov","contributorId":3383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hostettler","given":"Frances","email":"fdhostet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":367825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70014264,"text":"70014264 - 1987 - Gravity anomaly at a Pleistocene lake bed in NW Alaska interpreted by analogy with Greenland's Lake Taserssauq and its floating ice tongue","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-24T16:51:53.366308","indexId":"70014264","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gravity anomaly at a Pleistocene lake bed in NW Alaska interpreted by analogy with Greenland's Lake Taserssauq and its floating ice tongue","docAbstract":"A possible example of a very deep glacial excavation is provided by a distinctive gravity low located at the front of a valley glacier that once flowed into glacial Lake Aniuk (formerly Lake Noatak) in the western Brooks Range. Geologic and geophysical data suggest that sediments or ice filling a glacially excavated valley are the most probable cause of the 30–50 mGal anomaly. Reasonable choices of geometric models and density contrasts indicate that the former excavation is now filled with a buried-ice thickness of 700 m or sediment thicknesses greater than 1 km; comparable anomalies are not known for other glaciated lacustrine valleys. However, many fiords do exceed 1 km in depth, and Crary found one nearly 2 km deep in Antarctica. In studying this fiord, he suggested the probable increased efficiency of excavation directly behind the point where an outlet glacier becomes afloat to form the Ross Ice Shelf and where it thus has a vertical component of motion and a mechanism for debris removal. Floating glacier ice tongues are now rare in the Arctic, but they exist in maritime parts of northern Ellesmere Island and Greenland. Studies of ice movement, environment, and morphology of another large floating glacier tongue in a perennially frozen lake in the Angiussaq Mountains of northern Greenland suggest that Pleistocene Lake Aniuk could have had a similar environment, water temperature, and near-stable water level and that it could have maintained both a floating polar glacier tongue and a perennial ice cover. No direct evidence of efficient excavation was observed in Greenland, but efficient glacial erosion behind a floating polar ice tongue could explain the excavation that caused the Alaskan gravity anomaly.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB092iB09p08976","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Barnes, D., 1987, Gravity anomaly at a Pleistocene lake bed in NW Alaska interpreted by analogy with Greenland's Lake Taserssauq and its floating ice tongue: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 92, no. B9, p. 8976-8984, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB092iB09p08976.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"8976","endPage":"8984","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225630,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"B9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2a0ee4b0c8380cd5ae5f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnes, D.F.","contributorId":48960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"D.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70015300,"text":"70015300 - 1987 - Evolution, biogeography, and systematics of Puriana: evolution and speciation in Ostracoda, III.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-20T11:49:26.225289","indexId":"70015300","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2412,"text":"Journal of Paleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evolution, biogeography, and systematics of Puriana: evolution and speciation in Ostracoda, III.","docAbstract":"Three types of geographic isolation—land barriers, deep water barriers, and climatic barriers—resulted in three distinct evolutionary responses in Neogene and Quaternary species of the epineritic ostracode genus Puriana. Through systematic, paleobiogeographic, and morphologic study of several hundred fossil and Recent populations from the eastern Pacific, western Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico, and the Caribbean, the phylogeny of the genus and the geography of speciation events were determined. Isolation of large populations by the Isthmus of Panama during the Pliocene did not lead to lineage splitting in species known to have existed before the Isthmus formed. Conversely, the establishment of small isolated populations on Caribbean islands by passive dispersal mechanisms frequently led to the evolution of new species or subspecies. Climatic changes along the southeastern United States during the Pliocene also catalyzed possible parapatric speciation as populations that immigrated to the northeastern periphery of the genus' range split to form new species. The results provide evidence that evolutionary models describing the influence of abiotic events on patterns of evolution and speciation can be tested using properly selected tectonic and climatic events and fossil groups amenable to species-level analysis. Two new species, P. bajaensis and P. paikensis, are described.
The Parkfield, California, segment of the San Andreas fault is transitional in character between the creeping segment of the fault to the northwest and the locked Carrizo Plain segment to the southeast. The rate of shallow fault slip decreases from 25–30 mm/yr northwest of the epicenter of the 1966 Parkfield earthquake to zero at the southeastern end of the 1966 rupture zone. Data from a network of trilateration lines spanning the San Andreas fault near Parkfield and extending to the Pacific coast near San Luis Obispo shed light on the rate of fault slip at depth since the 1966 earthquake. In this study, average rates of line length change and shallow fault slip were inverted to determine the slip rate at depth on the Parkfield fault segment. The fault is taken to be a vertical surface with unknown distribution of strike-slip displacement in an elastic half-space. A striking result of the inversions is that all solutions providing acceptable fits to the data exhibit a locked zone essentially coincident with the rupture surface of the 1966 Parkfield earthquake. The data require that the locked zone extend nearly as far north as the 1966 epicenter; however, the vertical extent of the locked zone is not well resolved. Over much of the Parkfield segment the fault is slipping faster at the earth's surface than it is at seismogenic depths. In order to fit the trilateration measurements it is necessary to include a component of contraction normal to the trend of the San Andreas. The inversion results suggest a spatially uniform normal strain of −0.06 μstrain/yr. The orientation of the contraction is compatible with geologic and seismic evidence of active folding and reverse faulting in the region. The magnitude of the contraction is consistent with convergence rates inferred from global plate motion models.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB092iB08p07945","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Harris, R., and Segall, P., 1987, Detection of a locked zone at depth on the Parkfield, California, segment of the San Andreas fault: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 92, no. B8, p. 7945-7962, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB092iB08p07945.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"7945","endPage":"7962","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225534,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"B8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ff6de4b0c8380cd4f1a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harris, R.A. 0000-0002-9247-0768","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9247-0768","contributorId":41849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"R.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Segall, P.","contributorId":44231,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Segall","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014859,"text":"70014859 - 1987 - Playa-lake basins on the Southern High Plains of Texas and New Mexico: Part II. A hydrologic model and mass-balance arguments for their development.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-28T01:01:09.307497","indexId":"70014859","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Playa-lake basins on the Southern High Plains of Texas and New Mexico: Part II. A hydrologic model and mass-balance arguments for their development.","docAbstract":"Hydrologic, geologic, geomorphic, and mass-balance data suggest that most of the ∼30,000 playa lake basins on the Southern High Plains have developed by a combination of dissolution of caliche and piping of surface material into the unsaturated zone rather than by eolian processes as has generally been stated. A conceptual model suggests that particulate organic material, much of which is sorbed on smectite clays, is carried downward from the surface into the unsaturated zone by recharging water. The organic material is oxidized to CO2, which dissolves in the water, forms carbonic acid, and dissolves lithologic carbonates. Because organic material is transported and oxidized deep in the unsaturated zone, CO2 concentrations are much higher at depth than in the soil zone, and recharging water remains thermodynamically subsaturated with respect to carbonates and thus able to dissolve them throughout the unsaturated zone. Dissolution promotes lithologic instability, leading to piping and eluviation of material within the unsaturated zone. Playa basins expand laterally as recharge is concentrated at the edge of the playa floor because of lowered permeability in the center that results from accumulation of clays and other fine sediment.
Mass-balance calculations of gas, liquid, and solid fluxes beneath a playa basin suggest that sufficient mass is transported to account for the volume of the depression. Particulate flux is estimated by relating it to the CO2 flux out of the unsaturated zone. Solute flux is estimated from the difference between input values from the playa lake water and that observed in ground water. Gas flux is measured directly from gas samples at specific depths below the: surface.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1987)99<224:PBOTSH>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Wood, W., and Osterkamp, W.R., 1987, Playa-lake basins on the Southern High Plains of Texas and New Mexico: Part II. A hydrologic model and mass-balance arguments for their development.: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 99, no. 2, p. 224-230, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1987)99<224:PBOTSH>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"224","endPage":"230","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225735,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"99","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7c38e4b0c8380cd79882","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, W.W.","contributorId":21974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"W.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Osterkamp, W. R.","contributorId":46044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osterkamp","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014118,"text":"70014118 - 1987 - Role of pressure in smectite dehydration: Effects on geopressure and smectite-to-illite transformation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-16T16:32:13.027872","indexId":"70014118","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Role of pressure in smectite dehydration: Effects on geopressure and smectite-to-illite transformation","docAbstract":"Evaluation of the effect of pressure on the temperature of interlayer water loss (dehydration) by smectites under diagenetic conditions indicates that smectites are stable as hydrated phases in the deep subsurface. Hydraulic and differential pressure conditions affect dehydration differently. Smectites under hydraulic pressure conditions, such as in the pores of a sandstone, will retain at least two water layers (basal spacing, d001 = 15A). Smectites under differential pressure for vertical effective stress conditions, such as in compacting shales, are stable as two-water-layer complexes to temperatures of 67°-81°C (153°-178°F), at which one water layer will be expelled. Loss of the remaining water layer requires temperatures of 172°-19 °C (342°-377°F).
The temperatures of dehydration increase with pore fluid pressure and interlayer water density. The stability of hydrated smectite under hydraulic-pressure conditions indicates that simple thermal dehydration of smectite is not important in the development of abnormally high subsurface fluid pressures. Loss of water by smectite in a shale of low permeability may cause overpressuring; however, the resulting increase in fluid pressure will inhibit further dehydration.
The temperatures of dehydration under differential-pressure conditions are inversely related to pressure and interlayer water density. The temperature range for interlayer water loss by smectite under differential-pressure conditions is approximately coincident with the beginning of the smectite-to-illite transformation and hydrocarbon generation. The model presented assumes the effects of pore fluid composition and 2:1 layer reactivity to be negligible. Agreement between theoretical and experimental results validate this assumption. However, changes in the chemical stability of the 2:1 layer with decreasing interlayer water content, increasing pressure and temperature, and changing pore-fluid chemistry may be important in initiating clay and organic matter transformations. Changes in clay stability with interlayer water loss may also be responsible for the different rates of smectite-to-illite transformation observed in interbedded sandstones and shales.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/703C8092-1707-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Colten-Bradley, V., 1987, Role of pressure in smectite dehydration: Effects on geopressure and smectite-to-illite transformation: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 71, no. 11, p. 1414-1427, https://doi.org/10.1306/703C8092-1707-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1414","endPage":"1427","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225358,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9369e4b0c8380cd80dc9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Colten-Bradley, Virginia","contributorId":103418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colten-Bradley","given":"Virginia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70015237,"text":"70015237 - 1987 - Stable isotope compositions and water contents of boninite series volcanic rocks from Chichi-jima, Bonin Islands, Japan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-10T21:28:00.671934","indexId":"70015237","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stable isotope compositions and water contents of boninite series volcanic rocks from Chichi-jima, Bonin Islands, Japan","docAbstract":"Measurements of stable isotope compositions and water contents of boninite series volcanic rocks from the island of Chichi-jima, Bonin Islands, Japan, confirm that a large amount (1.6–2.4 wt.%) of primary water was present in these unusual magmas. An enrichment of 0.6‰ in18O during differentiation is explained by crystallization of18O-depleted mafic phases. Silicic glasses have elevated δ18O values and relatively low δD values indicating that they were modified by low-temperature alteration and hydration processes. Mafic glasses, on the other hand, have for the most part retained their primary isotopic signatures since Eocene time. Primary δD values of −53 for boninite glasses are higher than those of MORB and suggest that the water was derived from subducted oceanic lithosphere.
The distribution of dissolved ammonium, adsorbed ammonium and residual, organic and total nitrogen was measured in Potomac River tidal, transition zone and lower estuary sediments to a depth of 66 cm. For these sediments, exchangeable ammonium, and thereby adsorbed ammonium concentrations, were determined directly using an ammonia electrode in alkaline sediment suspensions. Ammonia electrode data were comparable to data obtained by KCl extraction of fresh sediment. The conventional unitless ammonium adsorption coefficient, calculated as the slope of the regression line drawn when sediment-adsorbed ammonium (μmol g−1 dry wt of sediment) is plotted against interstitial water ammonium (μmol g−1 dry wt sediment), is 1·5 for this system. When a modified ammonium adsorption coefficient is calculated from sediment-adsorbed ammonium concentrations and a ratio of interstitial water ammonium and potassium concentrations, the regression equation through the data has a zero intercept and is more nearly linear than the regression equation of data based on conventional calculations. The use of a ratio including ammonium and potassium concentrations in the interstitial water term takes into account ionic strength variations in the estuary and competition between ammonium and potassium for adsorption sites.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0272-7714(87)90022-9","issn":"02727714","usgsCitation":"Simon, N., and Kennedy, M., 1987, The distribution of nitrogen species and adsorption of ammonium in sediments from the tidal Potomac River and estuary: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 25, no. 1, p. 11-26, https://doi.org/10.1016/0272-7714(87)90022-9.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223592,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Potomac River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.34207852684263,\n 38.06886994683887\n ],\n [\n -76.40551007139837,\n 38.17781945022364\n ],\n [\n -76.42876830440225,\n 38.20606984048669\n ],\n 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,{"id":70014130,"text":"70014130 - 1987 - Chemical reactions simulated by ground-water-quality models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-18T09:43:07","indexId":"70014130","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3718,"text":"Water Resources Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-1370","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemical reactions simulated by ground-water-quality models","docAbstract":"Recent literature concerning the modeling of chemical reactions during transport in ground water is examined with emphasis on sorption reactions. The theory of transport and reactions in porous media has been well documented. Numerous equations have been developed from this theory, to provide both continuous and sequential or multistep models, with the water phase considered for both mobile and immobile phases. Chemical reactions can be either equilibrium or non-equilibrium, and can be quantified in linear or non-linear mathematical forms. Non-equilibrium reactions can be separated into kinetic and diffusional rate-limiting mechanisms. Solutions to the equations are available by either analytical expressions or numerical techniques. Saturated and unsaturated batch, column, and field studies are discussed with one-dimensional, laboratory-column experiments predominating. A summary table is presented that references the various kinds of models studied and their applications in predicting chemical concentrations in ground waters.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1987.tb00835.x","issn":"00431370","usgsCitation":"Grove, D.B., and Stollenwerk, K.G., 1987, Chemical reactions simulated by ground-water-quality models: Water Resources Bulletin, v. 23, no. 4, p. 601-615, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1987.tb00835.x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"601","endPage":"615","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225621,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2cde4b0c8380cd4b3aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grove, David B.","contributorId":74750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grove","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stollenwerk, Kenneth G. kgstolle@usgs.gov","contributorId":578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stollenwerk","given":"Kenneth","email":"kgstolle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":367664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70184678,"text":"70184678 - 1987 - [Book review] The geochronology and evolution of Africa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-10T14:57:19","indexId":"70184678","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3112,"text":"Precambrian Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"[Book review] The geochronology and evolution of Africa","docAbstract":"This book was written 'to provide an up-to-date data bank from which those wishing to construct models concerned with the evolution of Africa .... can draw.' As such, it attempts a survey of 'integrated geology and geochronology' of the African continent throughout the Precambrian and into the Phanerozoic. Political and language divisions often hinder the synthesis of continent-wide data, therefore, this well-indexed inventory of selected data and synthesis of present geochronological knowledge for Africa as a whole provides an important reference for researchers and explorationists, many of whom have limited access to complete collections of the geological literature of Africa.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0301-9268(87)90090-8","usgsCitation":"Wilson, F.H., 1987, [Book review] The geochronology and evolution of Africa: Precambrian Research, v. 36, no. 2, p. 181-182, https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-9268(87)90090-8.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"181","endPage":"182","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337397,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Africa","volume":"36","issue":"2","publicComments":"Review of The geochronology and evolution of Africa: L. Cahen, N.J. Snelling, J. Delhal and J.R. Vail, with the collaboration of M. Bonhomme and D. Ledent. Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, 1984, xiii+512pp., £60.00 hardcover.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c3c952e4b0f37a93ee9b90","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, Frederic H. 0000-0003-1761-6437 fwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1761-6437","contributorId":67174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Frederic","email":"fwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":682537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70014643,"text":"70014643 - 1987 - Behavior of sensitivities in the one-dimensional advection-dispersion equation: Implications for parameter estimation and sampling design","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T11:09:03","indexId":"70014643","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Behavior of sensitivities in the one-dimensional advection-dispersion equation: Implications for parameter estimation and sampling design","docAbstract":"The spatial and temporal variability of sensitivities has a significant impact on parameter estimation and sampling design for studies of solute transport in porous media. Physical insight into the behavior of sensitivities is offered through an analysis of analytically derived sensitivities for the one-dimensional form of the advection-dispersion equation. When parameters are estimated in regression models of one-dimensional transport, the spatial and temporal variability in sensitivities influences variance and covariance of parameter estimates. Several principles account for the observed influence of sensitivities on parameter uncertainty. (1) Information about a physical parameter may be most accurately gained at points in space and time with a high sensitivity to the parameter. (2) As the distance of observation points from the upstream boundary increases, maximum sensitivity to velocity during passage of the solute front increases and the consequent estimate of velocity tends to have lower variance. (3) The frequency of sampling must be “in phase” with the S shape of the dispersion sensitivity curve to yield the most information on dispersion. (4) The sensitivity to the dispersion coefficient is usually at least an order of magnitude less than the sensitivity to velocity. (5) The assumed probability distribution of random error in observations of solute concentration determines the form of the sensitivities. (6) If variance in random error in observations is large, trends in sensitivities of observation points may be obscured by noise and thus have limited value in predicting variance in parameter estimates among designs. (7) Designs that minimize the variance of one parameter may not necessarily minimize the variance of other parameters. (8) The time and space interval over which an observation point is sensitive to a given parameter depends on the actual values of the parameters in the underlying physical system.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR023i002p00253","usgsCitation":"Knopman, D.S., and Voss, C.I., 1987, Behavior of sensitivities in the one-dimensional advection-dispersion equation: Implications for parameter estimation and sampling design: Water Resources Research, v. 23, no. 2, p. 253-272, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR023i002p00253.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"253","endPage":"272","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225522,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ef7de4b0c8380cd4a285","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knopman, Debra S.","contributorId":51472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knopman","given":"Debra","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Voss, Clifford I. 0000-0001-5923-2752 cvoss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5923-2752","contributorId":1559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voss","given":"Clifford","email":"cvoss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":368895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014646,"text":"70014646 - 1987 - On the functional optimization of a certain class of nonstationary spatial functions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:34","indexId":"70014646","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2407,"text":"Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On the functional optimization of a certain class of nonstationary spatial functions","docAbstract":"Procedures are developed in order to obtain optimal estimates of linear functionals for a wide class of nonstationary spatial functions. These procedures rely on well-established constrained minimum-norm criteria, and are applicable to multidimensional phenomena which are characterized by the so-called hypothesis of inherentity. The latter requires elimination of the polynomial, trend-related components of the spatial function leading to stationary quantities, and also it generates some interesting mathematics within the context of modelling and optimization in several dimensions. The arguments are illustrated using various examples, and a case study computed in detail. ?? 1987 Plenum Publishing Corporation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00941280","issn":"00223239","usgsCitation":"Christakos, G., and Paraskevopoulos, P., 1987, On the functional optimization of a certain class of nonstationary spatial functions: Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications, v. 52, no. 2, p. 191-208, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00941280.","startPage":"191","endPage":"208","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487230,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://doi.org/10.1007/BF00941280","text":"External Repository"},{"id":205635,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00941280"},{"id":225525,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6dd2e4b0c8380cd75345","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christakos, G.","contributorId":87685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christakos","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paraskevopoulos, P.N.","contributorId":105062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paraskevopoulos","given":"P.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014672,"text":"70014672 - 1987 - A compositional multiphase model for groundwater contamination by petroleum products: 2. Numerical solution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-17T17:25:02","indexId":"70014672","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A compositional multiphase model for groundwater contamination by petroleum products: 2. Numerical solution","docAbstract":"In this paper we develop a numerical solution to equations developed in part 1 (M. Y. Corapcioglu and A. L. Baehr, this issue) to predict the fate of an immiscible organic contaminant such as gasoline in the unsaturated zone subsequent to plume establishment. This solution, obtained by using a finite difference scheme and a method of forward projection to evaluate nonlinear coefficients, provides estimates of the flux of solubilized hydrocarbon constituents to groundwater from the portion of a spill which remains trapped in a soil after routine remedial efforts to recover the product have ceased. The procedure was used to solve the one-dimensional (vertical) form of the system of nonlinear partial differential equations defining the transport for each constituent of the product. Additionally, a homogeneous, isothermal soil with constant water content was assumed. An equilibrium assumption partitions the constituents between air, water, adsorbed, and immiscible phases. Free oxygen transport in the soil was also simulated to provide an upper bound estimate of aerobic biodgradation rates. Results are presented for a hypothetical gasoline consisting of eight groups of hydrocarbon constituents. Rates at which hydrocarbon mass is removed from the soil, entering either the atmosphere or groundwater, or is biodegraded are presented. A significant sensitivity to model parameters, particularly the parameters characterizing diffusive vapor transport, was discovered. We conclude that hydrocarbon solute composition in groundwater beneath a gasoline contaminated soil would be heavily weighted toward aromatic constituents like benzene, toluene, and xylene.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR023i001p00201","usgsCitation":"Baehr, A.L., and Corapcioglu, M.Y., 1987, A compositional multiphase model for groundwater contamination by petroleum products: 2. Numerical solution: Water Resources Research, v. 23, no. 1, p. 201-213, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR023i001p00201.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"201","endPage":"213","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226037,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e382e4b0c8380cd46096","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baehr, Arthur L.","contributorId":104523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baehr","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Corapcioglu, M. Yavuz","contributorId":43114,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Corapcioglu","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Yavuz","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014253,"text":"70014253 - 1987 - DIGITAL CARTOGRAPHY OF THE PLANETS: NEW METHODS, ITS STATUS, AND ITS FUTURE.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:30","indexId":"70014253","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"DIGITAL CARTOGRAPHY OF THE PLANETS: NEW METHODS, ITS STATUS, AND ITS FUTURE.","docAbstract":"A system has been developed that establishes a standardized cartographic database for each of the 19 planets and major satellites that have been explored to date. Compilation of the databases involves both traditional and newly developed digital image processing and mosaicking techniques, including radiometric and geometric corrections of the images. Each database, or digital image model (DIM), is a digital mosaic of spacecraft images that have been radiometrically and geometrically corrected and photometrically modeled. During compilation, ancillary data files such as radiometric calibrations and refined photometric values for all camera lens and filter combinations and refined camera-orientation matrices for all images used in the mapping are produced.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00991112","usgsCitation":"Batson, R.M., 1987, DIGITAL CARTOGRAPHY OF THE PLANETS: NEW METHODS, ITS STATUS, AND ITS FUTURE.: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 53, no. 9, p. 1211-1218.","startPage":"1211","endPage":"1218","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225497,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd47e4b0c8380cd4e735","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Batson, R. M.","contributorId":76714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Batson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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