This report describes the application and results of an unsteady-flow model for the Milwaukee Harbor Estuary. The model simulates unsteady and upstream flow occurring in the estuary as a result of Lake Michigan Seiche. The discharge computed by the model indicates that upstream flow occurs throughout the estuary during periods of lake seiche. Flow conditions are extremely unsteady and major flow reversals may occur within 1 hr. The simulated discharge indicates that both upstream and downstream flows four times greater than the average daily discharge can occur during the same day. An estimate of 5- or 15-minute average discharge was required during selected runoff events and at various locations in the estuary as part of the Milwaukee Harbor Estuary study. The model provides a method to estimate 5-minute average discharges at selected cross sections in the estuary. The U.S. Geological Survey 's Branch Network Model was used to simulate stage and discharge. A finite difference computation scheme is used to solve the one-dimensional flow equations. Model input requirements include channel geometry data, discharge at the upstream tributaries, and stage data at the estuary mouth. The model was used to simulate the flow during six selected time periods in 1982-84 using a 5- or 15-minute computation interval. (Author 's abstract)
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri864050","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Southeastern Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission","usgsCitation":"House, L.B., 1987, Simulation of unsteady flow in the Milwaukee Harbor Estuary at Milwaukee, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4050, Report: iv, 19 p.; 1 Plate: 19.00 x 25.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864050.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 19 p.; 1 Plate: 19.00 x 25.00 inches","numberOfPages":"25","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":56618,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4050/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":157997,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4050/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56619,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4050/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Milwaukee County","city":"Milwaukee","otherGeospatial":"Milwaukee Harbor","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.92015075683594,\n 42.951396938304164\n ],\n [\n -87.92015075683594,\n 43.09797467469801\n ],\n [\n -87.81372070312499,\n 43.09797467469801\n ],\n [\n -87.81372070312499,\n 42.951396938304164\n ],\n [\n -87.92015075683594,\n 42.951396938304164\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4a96","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"House, L. B.","contributorId":49386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"House","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28457,"text":"wri824117 - 1987 - Hydrology of the White Tail Butte area, northern Campbell County, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:52","indexId":"wri824117","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"82-4117","title":"Hydrology of the White Tail Butte area, northern Campbell County, Wyoming","docAbstract":"Quantity of runoff and peak discharge from one small basin in the White Tail Butte area, determined from a calibrated rainfall-runoff model, is less than the quantity computed using results of a regional study. The difference is caused by the extensive beds of exposed, permeable clinker in the area. Potentiometric surfaces in the White Tail Butte area indicate that, regionally, it is a discharge area. This is consistent with the conceptual model developed elsewhere in Campbell County , Wyo. The chemical quality of water from springs and alluvium, however, is characteristic of water found in recharge areas, so movement of water in the regional system is apparently small compared to local recharge. If surface coal mining occurs in the area, the principal adverse impact to the groundwater system would be the destruction of springs and seeps in the mined area. These could be restored with special reclamation procedures. There are adequate quantities of water of suitable quality for stock or domestic use below the coal so postreclamation supplies could be obtained. Impacts of surface mining on runoff could not be evaluated, but sensitivity of runoff to infiltration indicates a 10% change in runoff for a 1% change in infiltration. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri824117","usgsCitation":"Lowry, M., and Rankl, J., 1987, Hydrology of the White Tail Butte area, northern Campbell County, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 82-4117, v, 47 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri824117.","productDescription":"v, 47 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":118937,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1982/4117/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57259,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1982/4117/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e868","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lowry, M.E.","contributorId":55807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowry","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rankl, J.G.","contributorId":107733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rankl","given":"J.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":3732,"text":"cir1009 - 1987 - Review of literature on the finite-element solution of the equations of two-dimensional surface-water flow in the horizontal plane","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:38","indexId":"cir1009","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1009","title":"Review of literature on the finite-element solution of the equations of two-dimensional surface-water flow in the horizontal plane","docAbstract":"Published literature on the application of the finite-element method to solving the equations of two-dimensional surface-water flow in the horizontal plane is reviewed in this report. The finite-element method is ideally suited to modeling two-dimensional flow over complex topography with spatially variable resistance. A two-dimensional finite-element surface-water flow model with depth and vertically averaged velocity components as dependent variables allows the user great flexibility in defining geometric features such as the boundaries of a water body, channels, islands, dikes, and embankments. \r\n\r\nThe following topics are reviewed in this report: alternative formulations of the equations of two-dimensional surface-water flow in the horizontal plane; basic concepts of the finite-element method; discretization of the flow domain and representation of the dependent flow variables; treatment of boundary conditions; discretization of the time domain; methods for modeling bottom, surface, and lateral stresses; approaches to solving systems of nonlinear equations; techniques for solving systems of linear equations; finite-element alternatives to Galerkin's method of weighted residuals; techniques of model validation; and preparation of model input data. References are listed in the final chapter.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/cir1009","usgsCitation":"Lee, J.K., and Froehlich, D.C., 1987, Review of literature on the finite-element solution of the equations of two-dimensional surface-water flow in the horizontal plane: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1009, vi, 61 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1009.","productDescription":"vi, 61 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124555,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1987/1009/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30793,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1987/1009/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4d0b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Jonathan K.","contributorId":60186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Froehlich, David C.","contributorId":58617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Froehlich","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":26598,"text":"wri874008 - 1987 - Floods in Kansas and techniques for estimating their magnitude and frequency on unregulated streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:22","indexId":"wri874008","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4008","title":"Floods in Kansas and techniques for estimating their magnitude and frequency on unregulated streams","docAbstract":"Techniques are presented for generalizing the skewness coefficient of log-Pearson Type III distributions of annual maximum discharges and for flood magnitudes that have selected recurrence intervals from 2 to 100 yr. A weighted least-square (WLS) regression model was used to generalize the coefficients of station skewness that resulted in a root-mean-sq error of prediction of 0.35 compared to 0.55 for the skewness map published in Bulletin 17B of the U.S. Water Resources Council. Estimates of generalized skewness were computed for each of 245 streamflow gaging stations with a minimum of 10 years of record and a contributing drainage area of < 20,000 sq mi. The WLS regression model also was used to develop equations for estimating flood magnitude for selected recurrence intervals for ungaged stream locations by using data from 218 of the 245 streamflow gaging stations that had contributing-drainage areas of less than 10,000 sq mi. The errors of prediction of the most reliable WLS equations ranged from 28 to 42%. The WLS equations were compared statistically to previous developed equations and were determined to be different and more accurate than previously published equations. Flood magnitudes and frequencies for 245 streamflow gaging stations, based on data collected through the 1983 water year, are presented along with a summary of the seasonal distribution of annual maximum discharges and an analysis of the maximum observed discharges. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri874008","usgsCitation":"Clement, R., 1987, Floods in Kansas and techniques for estimating their magnitude and frequency on unregulated streams: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4008, iv, 50 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874008.","productDescription":"iv, 50 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119005,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4008/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55464,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4008/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48ade4b07f02db52d5a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clement, R.W.","contributorId":11247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clement","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":60994,"text":"mf1975 - 1987 - Seismicity map of the state of Ohio","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":60993,"text":"mf1142 - 1979 - Seismicity map of the State of Ohio","indexId":"mf1142","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"title":"Seismicity map of the State of Ohio"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":60994,"text":"mf1975 - 1987 - Seismicity map of the state of Ohio","indexId":"mf1975","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"title":"Seismicity map of the state of Ohio"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-27T16:39:33.291861","indexId":"mf1975","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1975","title":"Seismicity map of the state of Ohio","docAbstract":"This map is one of a series of seismicity maps produced by the U. S. Geological Survey that show earthquake data of individual states or groups of states at the scale of 1:1,000,000. This map shows only those earthquakes with epicenters located within the boundaries of Ohio, even though earthquakes in nearby states or countries may have been felt or may have caused damage in Ohio.
\nThe data in table 1 were used to compile the seismicity map; these data are a corrected, expanded, and updated (through 1983) version of the data used by Algermissen (1969) for a study of seismic risk in the United States. The locations and intensities of some earthquakes were revised and intensities were assigned where none had been before. Many earthquakes were added to the original list from new data sources as well as from some old data sources that had not been previously used. The data in table 1 represent best estimates of the location of the epicenter, magnitude, and intensity of each earthquake on the basis of historical and current information. Some of the aftershocks from large earthquakes are listed, but not all, especially for earthquakes that occurred before seismic instruments were universally used.
\nThe latitude and longitude coordinates of each epicenter were rounded to the nearest tenth of a degree and sorted so that all identical locations were grouped and counted . These locations are represented on the map by a triangle. The number of earthquakes at each location is shown on the map by the arabic number to the right of the triangle. A Roman numeral to the left of a triangle is the maximum Modified Mercalli intensity (Wood and Neumann, 1931) of all earthquakes at that geographic location. The absence of an intensity value indicates that no intensities have been assigned to earthquakes at that location. The year shown below each triangle is the latest year for which the maximum intensity was recorded.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/mf1975","usgsCitation":"Stover, C.W., Reagor, B., and Algermissen, S.T., 1987, Seismicity map of the state of Ohio (Supercedes MF-1142): U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1975, 1 Plate: 38.28 x 24.84 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1975.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 38.28 x 24.84 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":486595,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_5546.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":327562,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1975/plate-1.pdf","text":"Plate","size":"9.28 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate"},{"id":179978,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf1975.PNG"}],"scale":"1000000","country":"United 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\"}}]}","edition":"Supercedes MF-1142","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fa980","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stover, C. W.","contributorId":70369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stover","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":264790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reagor, B.G.","contributorId":99121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reagor","given":"B.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":264791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Algermissen, S. T.","contributorId":39790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Algermissen","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":264789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1959,"text":"wsp2317 - 1987 - Simulation of flood hydrographs for Georgia streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-01T10:16:14","indexId":"wsp2317","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2317","title":"Simulation of flood hydrographs for Georgia streams","docAbstract":"Flood hydrographs are needed for the design of many highway drainage structures and embankments. A method for simulating these flood hydrographs at ungaged sites in Georgia is presented in this report. \r\n\r\nThe O'Donnell method was used to compute unit hydrographs and lagtimes for 355 floods at 80 gaging stations. An average unit hydrograph and an average lagtime were computed for each station. These average unit hydrographs were transformed to unit hydrographs having durations of one-fourth, one-third, one-half, and three-fourths lagtime, then reduced to dimensionless terms by dividing the time by lagtime and the discharge by peak discharge. Hydrographs were simulated for these 355 floods and their widths were compared with the widths of the observed hydrographs at 50 and 75 percent of peak flow. The dimensionless hydrograph based on one-half lagtime duration provided the best fit of the observed data. \r\n\r\nMultiple regression analysis was then used to define relations between lagtime and certain physical basin characteristics; of these characteristics, drainage area and slope were found to be significant for the rural-stream equations and drainage area, slope, and impervious area were found to be significant for the Atlanta urban-stream equation. \r\n\r\nA hydrograph can be simulated from the dimensionless hydrograph, the peak discharge of a specific recurrence interval, and the lagtime obtained from regression equations for any site in Georgia having a drainage area of less than 500 square miles. \r\n\r\nFor simulating hydrographs at sites having basins larger than 500 square miles, the U.S. Geological Survey computer model CONROUT can be used. This model routes streamflow from an upstream channel location to a user-defined location downstream. The product of CONROUT is a simulated discharge hydrograph for the downstream site that has a peak discharge of a specific recurrence interval.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2317","usgsCitation":"Inman, E.J., 1987, Simulation of flood hydrographs for Georgia streams: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2317, iv, 26 p :ill. map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2317.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p :ill. map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":138560,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2317/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":27312,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2317/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e47a3e4b07f02db49662c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Inman, Ernest J.","contributorId":51719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Inman","given":"Ernest","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27218,"text":"wri864056 - 1987 - Effects of coal strip mining on stream water quality and biology, southwestern Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:43","indexId":"wri864056","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4056","title":"Effects of coal strip mining on stream water quality and biology, southwestern Washington","docAbstract":"Strip mining for coal in southwestern Washington may be affecting the water quality of streams. To investigate these possible effects, five streams were selected for study of water quality in each of the two coal bearing areas: the Centralia-Chehalis coal district, and Kelso-Castle Rock coal area. In the Centralia-Chehalis coal district, three of the streams have drainage basins in which mines are active. Water in streams that drain unmined basins is typical of western Washington streams and is characterized as a mixed water because calcium, magnesium, sodium, and bicarbonate ions predominate. A change in anionic composition from bicarbonate to sulfate in streams draining mined areas was not sufficient to change the general water composition and thus make the streams acidic. The largest downstream changes in water quality in both mined and unmined drainage basins were observed during summer low-flow conditions, when minimal dilution, increased water temperatures, and low dissolved oxygen concentrations occurred. High dissolved solids were found in the mined drainage basins during this period. High concentrations of iron, manganese, and zinc were present in the bottom sediments of the mined basins. Moderate concentrations of chromium, cobalt, copper, and zinc were also found in the bottom sediments of a few unmined basins. Streams with substrates of gravel-cobble or gravel-coarse sand had the most diverse benthic fauna and a higher number of ubiquitous taxa than streams with sand-silt substrates, which had the most dissimilar fauna. Mayflies, stoneflies, and caddisflies were rare at the site most affected by mining. The erosion potential of a basin appears to be related to the average basin slope and the amount of forested areas. Strip mining for coal in steep basins may lead to massive movements of unconsolidated spoils after vegetal cover is removed if the land disturbed is graded to pre-mining slopes. (Lantz-PTT)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri864056","usgsCitation":"Fuste, L.A., and Meyer, D.F., 1987, Effects of coal strip mining on stream water quality and biology, southwestern Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4056, vi, 124 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864056.","productDescription":"vi, 124 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":125108,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4056/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56089,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4056/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad7e4b07f02db68453a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fuste, L. A.","contributorId":85631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuste","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meyer, D. F.","contributorId":21167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":26991,"text":"wri874143 - 1987 - Hydrologic and geologic factors affecting land subsidence near Eloy, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:39","indexId":"wri874143","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4143","title":"Hydrologic and geologic factors affecting land subsidence near Eloy, Arizona","docAbstract":"At an extensometer site near Eloy, Arizona, 1.09 m of land subsidence caused by groundwater withdrawal were measured by leveling in 1965-83. The extensometer, which partially penetrates the compressible sediments, recorded 0.82 m of compaction during the same period. By use of a one-dimensional model, cumulative daily compaction values were simulated to within an average of 0.0038 m of the actual values. Land subsidence was simulated to within an average of 0.011 m using the same model in conjunction with geohydrologic data of the sediments below the extensometer. A highly compressible clay layer that is 24.38 m thick was partially penetrated by the extensometer. The simulation indicated that the layer was driving compaction and land subsidence linearly with respect to time, despite the presence of other compacting layers. Because of its thickness and compressibility, this layer can be expected to continue to compact after applied vertical stresses have stopped increasing and other layers have stopped compacting. Sensitivity analysis indicated that the compressibility of fine-grained sediments (expressed as specific storage) is one of the factors to which compact is most sensitive. Preconsolidation stress and hydraulic conductivity also affect land subsidence near Eloy, Arizona. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri874143","usgsCitation":"Epstein, V., 1987, Hydrologic and geologic factors affecting land subsidence near Eloy, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4143, iv, 28 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874143.","productDescription":"iv, 28 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122948,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4143/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55877,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4143/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a49e4b07f02db62469a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Epstein, V.J.","contributorId":106536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Epstein","given":"V.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":33428,"text":"b1731A - 1987 - Mineral Resources of the Morey and Fandango Wilderness Study Areas, Nye County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:09","indexId":"b1731A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1731","chapter":"A","title":"Mineral Resources of the Morey and Fandango Wilderness Study Areas, Nye County, Nevada","docAbstract":"The Morey (NV-060-191) and Fandango (NV-060-190) Wilderness Study Areas are located in the northern Hot Creek Range about 25 mi north of Warm Springs, Nev. At the request of the Bureau of Land Management, 46,300 acres of the Morey and Fandango Wilderness Study Areas were studied. In this report, the area studied is referred to as 'the wilderness study area', or simply 'the study area'. Geologic, geochemical, geophysical, and mineral surveys were conducted by the USGS and the USBM in 1984 to appraise the identified mineral resources and to assess the mineral resource potential of the study areas. These studies indicate that there are small identified resources of zinc, lead, and silver at the Lead Pipe property in the Fandango Wilderness Study Area, several areas of high potential for the occurrence of gold resources in the Fandango study area, small areas of low and moderate potential for the occurrence of silver, lead, and zinc resources in the Fandango study area, areas of moderate and high potential for the occurrence of silver, lead, and zinc resources in the Morey study area, and an area of low potential for copper, molybdenum, and tin in the Morey study area. Both study areas have low resource potential for petroleum, natural gas, uranium, and geothermal energy.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b1731A","usgsCitation":"John, D.A., Nash, J.T., Plouff, D., and McDonnell, J.R., 1987, Mineral Resources of the Morey and Fandango Wilderness Study Areas, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1731, Report: vi, A19; Plate, https://doi.org/10.3133/b1731A.","productDescription":"Report: vi, A19; Plate","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":95975,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1731a/plate-1.pdf","size":"4944","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":167685,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1731a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":61306,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1731a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.25,38 ], [ -117.25,39 ], [ -116,39 ], [ -116,38 ], [ -117.25,38 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db6357ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"John, David A. 0000-0001-7977-9106 djohn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7977-9106","contributorId":1748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"John","given":"David","email":"djohn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":211030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nash, J. Thomas","contributorId":26306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nash","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":211031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Plouff, Donald","contributorId":94657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plouff","given":"Donald","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":211033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McDonnell, John R. Jr.","contributorId":32898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonnell","given":"John","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":211032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":59067,"text":"mf1912 - 1987 - Profiles showing models of magnetic structures in accreted terranes of south-central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:15","indexId":"mf1912","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1912","title":"Profiles showing models of magnetic structures in accreted terranes of south-central Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/mf1912","usgsCitation":"Campbell, D.L., 1987, Profiles showing models of magnetic structures in accreted terranes of south-central Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1912, 2 maps ;50 x 92 cm., on sheets 102 x 102 cm. and 101 x 137 cm., folded in envelope 25 x 32 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1912.","productDescription":"2 maps ;50 x 92 cm., on sheets 102 x 102 cm. and 101 x 137 cm., folded in envelope 25 x 32 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":105096,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_5476.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"5476"},{"id":184791,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"0","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -150,62 ], [ -150,64 ], [ -141,64 ], [ -141,62 ], [ -150,62 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65e1d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Campbell, D. L.","contributorId":90726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":261360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":33137,"text":"b1687 - 1987 - The Beringian ancestry of Phenacomys (Rodentia: Cricetidae) and the beginning of the modern Arctic Ocean borderland biota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-29T21:30:03.201846","indexId":"b1687","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1687","title":"The Beringian ancestry of Phenacomys (Rodentia: Cricetidae) and the beginning of the modern Arctic Ocean borderland biota","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b1687","usgsCitation":"Repenning, C.A., Brouwers, E., Carter, L.D., Marincovich, L., and Ager, T.A., 1987, The Beringian ancestry of Phenacomys (Rodentia: Cricetidae) and the beginning of the modern Arctic Ocean borderland biota: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1687, iv, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b1687.","productDescription":"iv, 31 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":60951,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1687/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":420279,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_92771.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":161363,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1687/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -138.8089,\n 70.8919\n ],\n [\n -169.6719,\n 70.8919\n ],\n [\n -169.6719,\n 66.6467\n ],\n [\n -138.8089,\n 66.6467\n ],\n [\n -138.8089,\n 70.8919\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad3e4b07f02db682747","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Repenning, Charles Albert","contributorId":106883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Repenning","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"Albert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":210018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brouwers, E. M.","contributorId":98319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brouwers","given":"E. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":210017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carter, L. D.","contributorId":87959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":210015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Marincovich, Louie Jr.","contributorId":53403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marincovich","given":"Louie","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":210014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ager, T. A.","contributorId":88386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ager","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":210016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":50781,"text":"ofr87414B - 1987 - FASPUM metric version; analytic petroleum resource appraisal microcomputer programs for play analysis using a reservoir-engineering model; B, Program disk","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:35","indexId":"ofr87414B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-414","chapter":"B","title":"FASPUM metric version; analytic petroleum resource appraisal microcomputer programs for play analysis using a reservoir-engineering model; B, Program disk","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr87414B","usgsCitation":"Crovelli, R.A., and Balay, R.H., 1987, FASPUM metric version; analytic petroleum resource appraisal microcomputer programs for play analysis using a reservoir-engineering model; B, Program disk: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-414, One 5 1/4 inch diskette, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr87414B.","productDescription":"One 5 1/4 inch diskette","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":177688,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a06e4b07f02db5f8942","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crovelli, Robert A.","contributorId":92242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crovelli","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Balay, Richard H.","contributorId":10048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balay","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":13885,"text":"ofr87142 - 1987 - Jabiluka-type gold deposits; text and slides for a talk presented at the international workshop on Gold deposit modeling in exploration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:38","indexId":"ofr87142","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-142","title":"Jabiluka-type gold deposits; text and slides for a talk presented at the international workshop on Gold deposit modeling in exploration","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr87142","usgsCitation":"Grauch, R., and Nutt, C., 1987, Jabiluka-type gold deposits; text and slides for a talk presented at the international workshop on Gold deposit modeling in exploration: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-142, 17 p. :col. ill., col. maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr87142.","productDescription":"17 p. :col. ill., col. maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":144735,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0142/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":42501,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0142/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49efe4b07f02db5ed9c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grauch, R. I. 0000-0002-1763-0813","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1763-0813","contributorId":107698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grauch","given":"R. I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nutt, C.J.","contributorId":52577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nutt","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":80263,"text":"fwsobs82_10_136 - 1987 - Habitat Suitability Index Models: American alligator","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-28T17:58:41.165184","indexId":"fwsobs82_10_136","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"82/10.136","subseriesTitle":"Habitat Suitability Index","title":"Habitat Suitability Index Models: American alligator","docAbstract":"A review and synthesis of existing information were used to develop a model for evaluating American alligator habitat quality. The model is applicable in marshes along the northern Gulf of Mexico. It is scaled to produce an index between 0 (unsuitable habitat) and 1.0 (optimal habitat). Habitat suitability index models are designed for use with the Habitat Evaluation Procedures previously developed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Guidelines for model application and techniques for measuring model variables are described.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Newsom, J.D., Joanen, T., and Howard, R.J., 1987, Habitat Suitability Index Models: American alligator: FWS/OBS 82/10.136, vi, 14 p.","productDescription":"vi, 14 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191310,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db649e22","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Newsom, John D.","contributorId":90828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newsom","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Joanen, Ted","contributorId":48646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joanen","given":"Ted","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Howard, Rebecca J. 0000-0001-7264-4364 howardr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7264-4364","contributorId":2429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"Rebecca","email":"howardr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":80274,"text":"fwsobs82_10_144 - 1987 - Habitat Suitability Index Models: Black Bear, Upper Great Lakes Region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-28T17:57:00.726278","indexId":"fwsobs82_10_144","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"82/10.144","subseriesTitle":"Habitat Suitability Index","title":"Habitat Suitability Index Models: Black Bear, Upper Great Lakes Region","docAbstract":"A review and synthesis of existing information were used to develop a Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) model for the black bear (Ursus americanus). The model consolidates habitat use information into a framework appropriate for field application, and is scaled to produce an index between 0.0 (unsuitable habitat) to 1.0 (optimum habitat). HSI models are designed to be used with Habitat Evaluation Procedures previously developed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Rogers, L.L., and Allen, A.W., 1987, Habitat Suitability Index Models: Black Bear, Upper Great Lakes Region: FWS/OBS 82/10.144, viii, 54 p.","productDescription":"viii, 54 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195774,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649d15","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rogers, Lynn L.","contributorId":17332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogers","given":"Lynn","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, Arthur W.","contributorId":40648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":80303,"text":"fwsobs82_10_133 - 1987 - Habitat Suitability Index Models: Juvenile English sole","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-28T17:23:12.362574","indexId":"fwsobs82_10_133","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"82/10.133","subseriesTitle":"Habitat Suitability Index","title":"Habitat Suitability Index Models: Juvenile English sole","docAbstract":"English sole (Parophrys vetulus) is one of the major commercial groundfish species caught along the Pacific coast. Landings in the United States and Canada averaged 4,947 t/yr between 1975 and 1984, placing it third in importance among flatfish caught by Pacific coast trawlers (Pacific Marine Fisheries Commission 1985). Juvenile English sole are also among the most abundant fishes in many bays and estuaries along the Pacific (Westrheim 1955; Sopher 1974; Ambrose 1976; Rogers 1985). The English sole is not an important recreational species.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Toole, C.L., Barnhart, R.A., and Onuf, C.P., 1987, Habitat Suitability Index Models: Juvenile English sole: FWS/OBS 82/10.133, vi, 27 p.","productDescription":"vi, 27 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190944,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649826","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Toole, Christopher L.","contributorId":65173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toole","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barnhart, Roger A.","contributorId":63889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnhart","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Onuf, Christopher P.","contributorId":55091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Onuf","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":12666,"text":"ofr87272C - 1987 - Grade-tonnage model of hot-spring gold-silver; a supplement to U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1693","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:32","indexId":"ofr87272C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-272","chapter":"C","title":"Grade-tonnage model of hot-spring gold-silver; a supplement to U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1693","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr87272C","usgsCitation":"Berger, B.R., and Singer, D., 1987, Grade-tonnage model of hot-spring gold-silver; a supplement to U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1693: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-272, 6 p. :chiefly ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr87272C.","productDescription":"6 p. :chiefly ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":143703,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0272c/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":41074,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0272c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abde4b07f02db673efa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berger, B. R.","contributorId":77914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berger","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Singer, D.A.","contributorId":69128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1903,"text":"wsp2248 - 1987 - Ground water in the southeastern Uinta Basin, Utah and Colorado","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":9549,"text":"ofr83271 - 1983 - Ground water in the southeastern Uinta Basin, Utah and Colorado","indexId":"ofr83271","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"title":"Ground water in the southeastern Uinta Basin, Utah and Colorado"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1903,"text":"wsp2248 - 1987 - Ground water in the southeastern Uinta Basin, Utah and Colorado","indexId":"wsp2248","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"title":"Ground water in the southeastern Uinta Basin, Utah and Colorado"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-31T16:24:02","indexId":"wsp2248","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2248","title":"Ground water in the southeastern Uinta Basin, Utah and Colorado","docAbstract":"The potential for developing oil-shale resources in the southeastern Uinta Basin of Utah and Colorado has created the need for information on the quantity and quality of water available in the area. This report describes the availability and chemical quality of ground water, which might provide a source or supplement of water supply for an oil-shale industry.
Ground water in the southeastern Uinta Basin occurs in three major aquifers. Alluvial aquifers of small areal extent are present i n val ley-f i 11 deposits of six major drainages. Consolidated-rock aquifers include the birds's-nest aquifer i n the Parachute Creek Member of the G reen River Formation, which is limited to the central part of the study area; and the Douglas Creek aquifer, which includes parts of the Douglas Creek Member of the Green River Formation and parts of the intertonguing Renegade Tongue of the Wasatch Formation; this aquifer underlies most of the study area.
The alluvial aquifers are recharged by infiltration of streamflow and leakage from consolidated-rock aquifers. Recharge is estimated to average about 32,000 acre-feet per year. Discharge from alluvial aquifers, primarily by evapotranspiration, also averages about 32,000 acre-feet per year. The estimated volume of recoverable water in storage in alluvial aquifers is about 200,000 acre-feet. Maximum yields to individual wells are less than 1,000 gallons per minute.
Recharge to the bird's-nest aquifer, primarily from stream infiltration and downward leakage from the overlying Uinta Formation, is estimated to average 670 acre-feet per year. Discharge from the bird's-nest aquifer, which is primarily by seepage to Bitter Creek and the White River, is estimated to be at 670 acre-feet per year. The estimated volume of recoverable water in storage in the bird's-nest aquifer is 1.9 million acre-feet. Maximum yields to individual wells in some areas may be as much as 5,000 gallons per minute.
A digital-computer model of the flow system was used to evaluate the effects of oil-shale development on the bird's-nest aquifer at the Federal lease tracts Ua and Ub. Results of model simulations indicate that during construction of a vertical access shaft, a pumping rate of about 900 gallons per minute would be required to dewaterthe aquifer. The model also indicates that the construction of a proposed reservoir on the White River may raise water levels in the bird's-nest aquifer near the reservoir site by as much as 45 feet.
The flow model was used to evaluate the potential ground-water supply available for oil-shale development in the vicinity of the Federal lease tracts Ua and Ub. The results of the simulation indicate that bird's-nest aquifer could supply about 10,000 acre-feet of water per year at that site, for a period of 20 years. Downdraw after 20 years of pumping would exceed 250 feet near the simulated well field. Based on the results of the model simulation, it is estimated that the aquifer could simultaneously supply another 10,000 acre-feet of water per year in the northern part of the study area, but some interference between well fields could be expected.
The Douglas Creek aquifer is recharged by precipitation and stream infiltration at an average rate of about 20.000 acre-feet per year. Discharge is estimated to be about the same and is primarily through springs and diffuse seepage. The estimated volume of recoverable water in storage is 16 million acre-feet. Maximum yields to individual wells are estimated to be less than 500 gallons per minute.
A model of the flow system in the Douglas Creek aquifer indicates that the aquifer could supply about 700 acre-feet of water per year for oil-shale development at Federal lease tracts Ua and Ub and at the TOSCO Corp. site. After 20 years of pumping, water levels in production wells would be near the base of the aquifer. Based on the results of the model simulation, it is estimated that the aquifer could supply another 700 acre-feet of water per year in the southern part of the modeled area, but some interference between wells could be expected.
Chemical quality of the ground water in the southeastern Uinta Basin varies considerably. Water from alluvial wells ranges from about 440 to 27,800 milligrams per liter of dissolved solids. Water from two consolidated-rock aquifers has dissolved-solids concentrations ranging from 870 to 5,810 milligrams per liter in the bird's-nest aquifer, and from 640 to 6,100 milligrams per liter in the Douglas Creek aquifer. Water from alluvial wells generally is a sodium sulfate type, whereas water in both the consolidated-rock aquifers generally changes from a sodium sulfate type to a sodium bicarbonate type. All ground water is very alkaline, and the alluvial aquifers contain very hard water. None of the water is suitable for public supply, but all the water could be used for industrial purposes such as washing and cooling.
Changes in chemical composition of the ground water can be attributed to several physiochemical processes, including mineral precipitation and dissolution, oxidation and reduction, mixing, ion exchange, and evaporative concentration. Mass-transfer modeling of these processes shows how they can account for the variability in the ground-water quality. The mass-transfer model of the Bitter Creek alluvial aquifer shows that evaporative concentration, combined with precipitation of calcite, dolomite, gypsum, and release of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere results in the documented changes in the pH and dissolved solids in the water. The water-quality changes in the consolidated-rock aquifers are a result of precipitation of calcium carbonate and perhaps dolomite (calcium magnesium carbonate) with the reduction of sulfate by organic carbon, as well as ion exchange of magnesium for sodium. These processes result in large values of pH and alkalinity in the water.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp2248","usgsCitation":"Holmes, W.F., and Kimball, B.A., 1987, Ground water in the southeastern Uinta Basin, Utah and Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2248, Report: vi, 47 p.; Plate: 20.50 in. x 25.00 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2248.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 47 p.; Plate: 20.50 in. x 25.00 in.","numberOfPages":"55","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":27200,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2248/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138548,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2248/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":27199,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2248/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Uinta Basin","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d745","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holmes, Walter F.","contributorId":31737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"Walter","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kimball, Briant A. bkimball@usgs.gov","contributorId":533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimball","given":"Briant","email":"bkimball@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":144339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":12476,"text":"ofr87368 - 1987 - Modal compositions, whole-rock chemical data and normative mineralogy, and minor element data for rocks from alkaline intrusive complexes in northwestern Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:45","indexId":"ofr87368","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-368","title":"Modal compositions, whole-rock chemical data and normative mineralogy, and minor element data for rocks from alkaline intrusive complexes in northwestern Montana","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr87368","usgsCitation":"Armbrustmacher, T., 1987, Modal compositions, whole-rock chemical data and normative mineralogy, and minor element data for rocks from alkaline intrusive complexes in northwestern Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-368, ii, 39 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr87368.","productDescription":"ii, 39 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":146441,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0368/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":40730,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0368/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699a63","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Armbrustmacher, T.J.","contributorId":92642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armbrustmacher","given":"T.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":12526,"text":"ofr8750 - 1987 - WATEQ4F - a personal computer Fortran translation of the geochemical model WATEQ2 with revised data base","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":12526,"text":"ofr8750 - 1987 - WATEQ4F - a personal computer Fortran translation of the geochemical model WATEQ2 with revised data base","indexId":"ofr8750","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"title":"WATEQ4F - a personal computer Fortran translation of the geochemical model WATEQ2 with revised data base"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":18042,"text":"ofr91183 - 1991 - User's manual for WATEQ4F, with revised thermodynamic data base and text cases for calculating speciation of major, trace, and redox elements in natural waters","indexId":"ofr91183","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"title":"User's manual for WATEQ4F, with revised thermodynamic data base and text cases for calculating speciation of major, trace, and redox elements in natural waters"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":18042,"text":"ofr91183 - 1991 - User's manual for WATEQ4F, with revised thermodynamic data base and text cases for calculating speciation of major, trace, and redox elements in natural waters","indexId":"ofr91183","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"title":"User's manual for WATEQ4F, with revised thermodynamic data base and text cases for calculating speciation of major, trace, and redox elements in natural waters"},"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-12T17:46:43.480779","indexId":"ofr8750","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-50","title":"WATEQ4F - a personal computer Fortran translation of the geochemical model WATEQ2 with revised data base","docAbstract":"A FORTRAN 77 version of the PL/1 computer program for the geochemical model WATEQ2, which computes major and trace element speciation and mineral saturation for natural waters has been developed. The code (WATEQ4F) has been adapted to execute on an IBM PC or compatible microcomputer. Two versions of the code are available, one operating with IBM Professional FORTRAN and an 8087 or 89287 numeric coprocessor, and one which operates without a numeric coprocessor using Microsoft FORTRAN 77. The calculation procedure is identical to WATEQ2, which has been installed on many mainframes and minicomputers. Limited data base revisions include the addition of the following ions: AlHS04(++), BaS04, CaHS04(++), FeHS04(++), NaF, SrC03, and SrHCO3(+). This report provides the reactions and references for the data base revisions, instructions for program operation, and an explanation of the input and output files. Attachments contain sample output from three water analyses used as test cases and the complete FORTRAN source listing. U.S. Geological Survey geochemical simulation program PHREEQE and mass balance program BALANCE also have been adapted to execute on an IBM PC or compatible microcomputer with a numeric coprocessor and the IBM Professional FORTRAN compiler.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr8750","usgsCitation":"Ball, J., Nordstrom, D.K., and Zachmann, D., 1987, WATEQ4F - a personal computer Fortran translation of the geochemical model WATEQ2 with revised data base: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-50, iii, 108 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr8750.","productDescription":"iii, 108 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":495467,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0050/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":144525,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0050/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd588","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ball, J.W.","contributorId":67507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ball","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":166279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zachmann, D.W.","contributorId":30992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zachmann","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":27784,"text":"wri874137 - 1987 - A diffusion hydrodynamic model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:35","indexId":"wri874137","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4137","title":"A diffusion hydrodynamic model","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri874137","usgsCitation":"Hromadka, T., and Yen, C., 1987, A diffusion hydrodynamic model: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4137, xii, 135 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874137.","productDescription":"xii, 135 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":121813,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4137/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56627,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4137/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6af0a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hromadka, T.V.","contributorId":22388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hromadka","given":"T.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yen, Chung-Cheng","contributorId":21561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yen","given":"Chung-Cheng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":12288,"text":"ofr87577 - 1987 - Selected bibliography of epithermal precious metal mineralization for the IUGS/UNESCO deposit modeling workshop hydrothermal systems in volcanic centers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:31","indexId":"ofr87577","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-577","title":"Selected bibliography of epithermal precious metal mineralization for the IUGS/UNESCO deposit modeling workshop hydrothermal systems in volcanic centers","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr87577","usgsCitation":"Cunningham, C.G., Seay, D., and Ericksen, G.E., 1987, Selected bibliography of epithermal precious metal mineralization for the IUGS/UNESCO deposit modeling workshop hydrothermal systems in volcanic centers: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-577, 50 leaves ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr87577.","productDescription":"50 leaves ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":143677,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0577/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":40510,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0577/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fa6d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cunningham, C. G.","contributorId":76741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunningham","given":"C.","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seay, D.L.","contributorId":80538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seay","given":"D.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ericksen, G. E.","contributorId":44538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ericksen","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":44457,"text":"wri854271 - 1987 - Geohydrologic framework of the coastal plain aquifers of South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-24T11:04:31","indexId":"wri854271","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4271","title":"Geohydrologic framework of the coastal plain aquifers of South Carolina","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey is conducting a series of investigations of aquifers throughout the United States as a part of the RASA (Regional Aquifer System Analysis) program. These investigations provide a comprehensive regional understanding of groundwater resources throughout the Nation. The Coastal Plain aquifers in South Carolina are being studied as a part of this program. An important part of a description of the groundwater resources is the development of a geohydrologic framework. Such a framework delineates the aquifers through which groundwater flows and the confining units which retard the flow of groundwater between aquifers. The Coastal Plain of South Carolina is underlain by a wedge of sediments that thickens from its inner margin, the Fall Line, to the coast and consists of sand, silt, clay, and limestone of Late Cretaceous to Holocene age. These sediments are underlain by pre-Cretaceous rocks consisting of consolidated sedimentary rocks of Triassic age and a complex of metamorphic and igneous rocks similar to those found near the surface in the Piedmont province of the State. The geohydrologic framework that divides the sediments of the South Carolina Coastal Plain into the Coastal Plain aquifer system is delineated by eleven geohydrologic sections and four maps showing the configuration of the top or base of individual aquifers. Although flow within the Coastal Plain aquifer system is three dimensional, simplifying the system by dividing it into a framework of discrete hydrologic units can aid significantly in understanding the hydrology of the system. This framework is the basis for the aquifers used in potentiometric mapping, transmissivity mapping, geochemical analysis, and groundwater flow modeling for the South Carolina RASA program. 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