{"pageNumber":"1459","pageRowStart":"36450","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40841,"records":[{"id":70015194,"text":"70015194 - 1987 - Origin of the lethal gas burst from Lake Monoun, Cameroun","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:00","indexId":"70015194","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Origin of the lethal gas burst from Lake Monoun, Cameroun","docAbstract":"On 15 August, 1984, a lethal gas burst issued from a submerged 96-m-deep crater in Lake Monoun in Cameroun, western Africa, killing 37 people. The event was associated with a landslide from the eastern crater rim, which slumped into deep water. Waters below 50 m are anoxic, dominated by high Fe2+ (???600 mg/l) and HCO3- (??? 1900 mg/l), anoxic and supersaturated with siderite, which is a major component of the crater floor sediments. The unusually high Fe2+ levels are attributed to reduction of laterite-derived ferric iron gradually brought into the lake as loess and in river input. Sulfur compounds are below detection limits in both water and gas. Gases effervescing from depressurized deep waters are dominantly CO2 with minor CH4, having ??13C of -7.18 and -54.8 per mil, respectively. Bacterial decomposition of organic matter may account for the methane, but 14C of lake water indicates that only 10% of the carbon is modern, giving an apparent age of 18,000 years. The dominant source of carbon is therefore attributed to long-term emission of CO2 as volcanic exhalation from vents within the crater, which led to gradual build-up of HCO3- in the lake. The density stratification of the lake may have been upset by an earthquake and underwater landslide on 15 August, which triggered overturn of the lake and caused nucleation of CO2 in the deep water. The resultant ebullition of CO2 from deep lake waters led to a gas burst at the surface and locally generated a water wave up to 5 m high. People travelling through the gas cloud were asphyxiated, presumably from CO2, and suffered skin discoloration from unidentified components. ?? 1987.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Sigurdsson, H., Devine, J., Tchua, F., Presser, F., Pringle, M., and Evans, W.C., 1987, Origin of the lethal gas burst from Lake Monoun, Cameroun: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 31, no. 1-2, p. 1-16.","startPage":"1","endPage":"16","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224409,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7104e4b0c8380cd763e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sigurdsson, Haraldur","contributorId":35079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sigurdsson","given":"Haraldur","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Devine, J.D.","contributorId":95486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Devine","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tchua, F.M.","contributorId":48828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tchua","given":"F.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Presser, F.M.","contributorId":38847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Presser","given":"F.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pringle, M.K.W.","contributorId":67220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pringle","given":"M.K.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Evans, William C.","contributorId":104903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70015193,"text":"70015193 - 1987 - Direct comparison of kinetic and local equilibrium formulations for solute transport affected by surface reactions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-18T10:30:09","indexId":"70015193","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Direct comparison of kinetic and local equilibrium formulations for solute transport affected by surface reactions","docAbstract":"Modeling transport of reacting solutes in porous media often requires a choice between models based on the local equilibrium assumption (LEA) and models involving reaction kinetics. Direct comparison of the mathematical formulations for these two types of transport models can aid in this choice. For cases of transport affected by surface reaction, such a comparison is made possible by a new derivation procedure. This procedure yields a kinetics-based formulation that is the sum of the LEA formulation and one or more kinetically influenced terms. The dimensionless form of the new kinetics-based formulation facilitates identification of critical parameter groupings which control the approach to transport behavior consistent with LEA model predictions. Results of numerical experiments demonstrate that criteria for LEA applicability can be expressed conveniently in terms of these parameter groupings. The derivation procedure is demonstrated for examples of surface reactions including first-order reversible sorption, Langmuir-type kinetics and binary, homovalent ion exchange.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR023i003p00438","usgsCitation":"Bahr, J.M., and Rubin, J., 1987, Direct comparison of kinetic and local equilibrium formulations for solute transport affected by surface reactions: Water Resources Research, v. 23, no. 3, p. 438-452, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR023i003p00438.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"438","endPage":"452","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224408,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd4ae4b0c8380cd4e74b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bahr, Jean M.","contributorId":69716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bahr","given":"Jean","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rubin, Jacob","contributorId":23918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"Jacob","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70015192,"text":"70015192 - 1987 - Evidence for Late-Paleozoic brine migration in Cambrian carbonate rocks of the central and southern Appalachians: Implications for Mississippi Valley-type sulfide mineralization","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-03T15:44:05.196253","indexId":"70015192","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for Late-Paleozoic brine migration in Cambrian carbonate rocks of the central and southern Appalachians: Implications for Mississippi Valley-type sulfide mineralization","docAbstract":"<p>Many Lower Paleozoic limestones and dolostones in the Valley and Ridge province of the central and southern Appalachians contain 10 to 25 weight percent authigenic potassium feldspar. This was considered to be a product of early diagenesis, however,<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-1-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><msup><mi></mi><mn>40</mn></msup><mtext>Ar</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>39</mn></msup><mtext>Ar</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\"><sup>40</sup>Ar<sup>39</sup>Ar</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;</span>analyses of overgrowths on detrital K-feldspar in Cambrian carbonate rocks from Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, and Tennessee yield Late Carboniferous-Early Permian ages (278–322 Ma). Simple mass balance calculations suggest that the feldspar could not have formed isochemically, but required the flux of multiple pore volumes of fluid through the rocks, reflecting regional fluid migration events during the Late-Paleozoic Alleghanian orogeny.</p><p>Microthermometric measurements of fluid inclusions in overgrowths on detrital K-feldspar and quartz grains from unmineralized rocks throughout the study area indicate homogenization temperatures from 100° to 200°C and freezing point depressions of −14° to −18.5°C (18–21 wt.% NaCl equiv). The apparent similarity of these fluids to fluid inclusions in ore and gangue minerals of nearby Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) deposits suggests that the regional occurrences of authigenic K-feldspar and MVT mineralization may be genetically related. This hypothesis is supported by the discovery of authigenic K-feldspar intergrown with sphalerite in several mines of the Mascot-Jefferson City District, E. Tennessee. Regional potassic alteration in unmineralized carbonate rocks and localized occurrences of MVT mineralization are both explainable by a gravity-driven flow model, in which deep brines migrate towards the basin margin under a hydraulic gradient established during the Alleghanian orogeny. The authigenic K-feldspar may reflect the loss of K during disequilibrium cooling of the ascending brines. MVT deposits are probably localized manifestations of the same migrating fluids, occurring where the necessary physical and chemical traps are present.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(87)90222-5","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Hearn, P., Sutter, J.F., and Belkin, H., 1987, Evidence for Late-Paleozoic brine migration in Cambrian carbonate rocks of the central and southern Appalachians: Implications for Mississippi Valley-type sulfide mineralization: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 51, no. 5, p. 1323-1334, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(87)90222-5.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1323","endPage":"1334","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224407,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d2ae4b0c8380cd52e53","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hearn, P.P. Jr.","contributorId":76763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hearn","given":"P.P.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sutter, J. F.","contributorId":59779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutter","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belkin, H. E. 0000-0001-7879-6529","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7879-6529","contributorId":38160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belkin","given":"H. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70015185,"text":"70015185 - 1987 - Benthic foraminifera of the Panamanian Province: distribution and origins.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-11T12:12:08","indexId":"70015185","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2294,"text":"Journal of Foraminiferal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Benthic foraminifera of the Panamanian Province: distribution and origins.","docAbstract":"<p>Two hundred twenty-nine species of benthic foraminifera have been identified from 96 stations representing 33 localities on the eastern Pacific inner continental shelf, ranging from southern Peru to northern Baja California. Their distributions mark nearshore provincial boundaries that are nearly identical with those previously documented from the distribution of ostracodes and molluscs. Thirteen species are characteristic of the Panamanian Province, one is characteristic of the Chilean-Peruvian Province, and one is characteristic of the newly proposed Sonoran Subprovince. Seventeen species (7%) appear to be endemic to the eastern Pacific. Fifty-eight (25%) of the species recognized are disjunct from population centers in the western Pacific, 134 species (59%) are disjunct from modern assemblages of the Atlanto-Caribbean region, and 40 species (17%) are disjunct from both the western Pacific and the Atlanto-Caribbean. The distribution of the remaining 57 species (25%) is poorly documented; we classify them as of unknown origin.</p>","language":"English","doi":"10.2113/gsjfr.17.2.153","issn":"00961191","usgsCitation":"Crouch, R., and Poag, C.W., 1987, Benthic foraminifera of the Panamanian Province: distribution and origins.: Journal of Foraminiferal Research, v. 17, no. 2, p. 153-176, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsjfr.17.2.153.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"153","endPage":"176","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224292,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f0b7e4b0c8380cd4a88e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crouch, R.W.","contributorId":98179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crouch","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poag, C. W.","contributorId":16402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poag","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70015169,"text":"70015169 - 1987 - Processes and kinetics of Cd2+ sorption by a calcareous aquifer sand","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-05T19:41:42","indexId":"70015169","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Processes and kinetics of Cd2+ sorption by a calcareous aquifer sand","docAbstract":"<p>The rate of Cd2+ sorption by a calcareous aquifer sand was characterized by two reaction steps, with the first step reaching completion in 24 hours. The second step proceeded at a slow and nearly constant rate for at least seven days. The first step includes a fast adsorption reaction which is followed by diffusive transport into either a disordered surface film of hydrated calcium carbonate or into pore spaces. After 24 hours the rate of Cd2+ sorption was constant and controlled by the rate of surface coprecipitation, as a solid solution of CdCO3 in CaCO3 formed in recrystallizing material. Desorption of Cd2+ from the sand was slow. Clean grains of primary minerals, e.g. quartz and aluminosilicates. sorbed much less Cd2+ than grains which had surface patches of secondary minerals, e.g. carbonates, iron and manganese oxides. Calcite grains sorbed the greatest amount of Cd2+ on a weight-normalized basis despite the greater abundance of quartz. A method is illustrated for determining empirical binding constants for trace metals at in situ pH values without introducing the experimental problem of supersaturation. The binding constants are useful for solute transport models which include a computation of aqueous speciation.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(87)90331-0","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Fuller, C.C., and Davis, J., 1987, Processes and kinetics of Cd2+ sorption by a calcareous aquifer sand: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 51, no. 6, p. 1491-1502, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(87)90331-0.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1491","endPage":"1502","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224075,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8dade4b0c8380cd7ed70","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fuller, C. C.","contributorId":29858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, J.A.","contributorId":71694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70015151,"text":"70015151 - 1987 - Analyzing numerical errors in domain heat transport models using the CVBEM","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-10T16:30:43.155146","indexId":"70015151","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2406,"text":"Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analyzing numerical errors in domain heat transport models using the CVBEM","docAbstract":"<p><span>Besides providing an exact solution for steady-state heat conduction processes (Laplace-Poisson equations), the CVBEM (complex variable boundary element method) can be used for the numerical error analysis of domain model solutions. For problems where soil-water phase change latent heat effects dominate the thermal regime, heat transport can be approximately modeled as a time-stepped steady-state condition in the thawed and frozen regions, respectively. The CVBEM provides an exact solution of the two-dimensional steady-state heat transport problem, and also provides the error in matching the prescribed boundary conditions by the development of a modeling error distribution or an approximate boundary generation. Consequently, this error evaluation can be used to develop highly accurate CVBEM models of the heat transport process, and the resulting model can be used as a test case for evaluating the precision of domain models based on finite elements or finite differences.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ASME","doi":"10.1115/1.3257005","issn":"08927219","usgsCitation":"Hromadka, T., 1987, Analyzing numerical errors in domain heat transport models using the CVBEM: Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, v. 109, no. 2, p. 163-169, https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3257005.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"163","endPage":"169","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223805,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"109","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1987-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e62ee4b0c8380cd4720a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hromadka, T. V. II","contributorId":76464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hromadka","given":"T. V.","suffix":"II","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70015136,"text":"70015136 - 1987 - NEW APPLICATIONS IN THE INVERSION OF ACOUSTIC FULL WAVEFORM LOGS - RELATING MODE EXCITATION TO LITHOLOGY.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:56","indexId":"70015136","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2631,"text":"Log Analyst","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"NEW APPLICATIONS IN THE INVERSION OF ACOUSTIC FULL WAVEFORM LOGS - RELATING MODE EXCITATION TO LITHOLOGY.","docAbstract":"Existing techniques for the quantitative interpretation of waveform data have been based on one of two fundamental approaches: (1) simultaneous identification of compressional and shear velocities; and (2) least-squares minimization of the difference between experimental waveforms and synthetic seismograms. Techniques based on the first approach do not always work, and those based on the second seem too numerically cumbersome for routine application during data processing. An alternative approach is tested here, in which synthetic waveforms are used to predict relative mode excitation in the composite waveform. Synthetic waveforms are generated for a series of lithologies ranging from hard, crystalline rocks (Vp equals 6. 0 km/sec. and Poisson's ratio equals 0. 20) to soft, argillaceous sediments (Vp equals 1. 8 km/sec. and Poisson's ratio equals 0. 40). The series of waveforms illustrates a continuous change within this range of rock properties. Mode energy within characteristic velocity windows is computed for each of the modes in the set of synthetic waveforms. The results indicate that there is a consistent variation in mode excitation in lithology space that can be used to construct a unique relationship between relative mode excitation and lithology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Log Analyst","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0024581X","usgsCitation":"Paillet, F.L., Cheng, C., and Meredith, J., 1987, NEW APPLICATIONS IN THE INVERSION OF ACOUSTIC FULL WAVEFORM LOGS - RELATING MODE EXCITATION TO LITHOLOGY.: Log Analyst, v. 28, no. 3, p. 307-320.","startPage":"307","endPage":"320","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223585,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6143e4b0c8380cd7189e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paillet, Frederick L.","contributorId":63820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paillet","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cheng, C.H.","contributorId":94443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cheng","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meredith, J.A.","contributorId":49389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meredith","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70015126,"text":"70015126 - 1987 - Changes in the H O Ar isotope composition of clays during retrograde alteration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-03T15:37:04.127499","indexId":"70015126","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in the H O Ar isotope composition of clays during retrograde alteration","docAbstract":"<p><span>K-Ar ages of illite alteration associated with Middle Proterozoic Athabasca unconformity-type U deposits in Saskatchewan range from 414 to 1493 Ma. The K-Ar ages correlate with water contents and δD values such that illites with young K-Ar ages have δD values as low as −169 and water contents as high as 7.7 wt.% whereas illites with older ages have δD values near −70 and water contents near 4 wt.%. Water extracted at 400°C from illites with low δD values and high water contents has low δD and δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O values similar to those of modern meteoric water suggesting that some of the illites associated with the original deposition of the ore underwent varying degrees of retrograde alteration. The alteration is initiated by hydration of sites in the interlayer region of the illite which results in the partial resetting of the K-Ar ages and introduction of excess structural water in the form of interlamellar water. The interlamellar water is enriched in&nbsp;</span><sup>18</sup><span>O by about 7 per mil relative to the water that physically surrounded the clay particle. Further alteration decreases the δD value and increases the δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O value of the illite by isotopic exchange between the mineral and the interlamellar water. Although the chemical compositions and XRD patterns of the altered illites indicate that no detectable smectite component is present in the samples, the isotopic results suggest that the altered illites may be an early precursor in the formation of mixed-layer illite/smectite by retrograde alteration of pure illite. The wide variation of δD values of chlorite and kaolinite from these U deposits is analogous to that of the illite suggesting that retrograde alteration of clays by meteoric water can be substantial. The general association of altered clays with areas containing the highest concentrations of U is probably related to localized permeability within the ore zone.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(87)90100-1","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Wilson, M., Kyser, T., Mehnert, H.H., and Hoeve, J., 1987, Changes in the H O Ar isotope composition of clays during retrograde alteration: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 51, no. 4, p. 869-878, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(87)90100-1.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"869","endPage":"878","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224291,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f42ee4b0c8380cd4bbaf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, M.R.","contributorId":31529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kyser, T.K.","contributorId":25585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kyser","given":"T.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mehnert, H. H.","contributorId":16382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mehnert","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hoeve, J.","contributorId":80429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoeve","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70015124,"text":"70015124 - 1987 - A model for trace metal sorption processes at the calcite surface: Adsorption of Cd2+ and subsequent solid solution formation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-05T19:46:45","indexId":"70015124","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A model for trace metal sorption processes at the calcite surface: Adsorption of Cd2+ and subsequent solid solution formation","docAbstract":"The rate of Cd2+ sorption by calcite was determined as a function of pH and Mg2+ in aqueous solutions saturated with respect to calcite but undersaturated with respect to CdCO3. The sorption is characterized by two reaction steps, with the first reaching completion within 24 hours. The second step proceeded at a slow and nearly constant rate for at least 7 days. The rate of calcite recrystallization was also studied, using a Ca2+ isotopic exchange technique. Both the recrystallization rate of calcite and the rate of slow Cd2+ sorption decrease with increasing pH or with increasing Mg2+. The recrystallization rate could be predicted from the number of moles of Ca present in the hydrated surface layer. A model is presented which is consistent with the rates of Cd2+ sorption and Ca2+ isotopic exchange. In the model, the first step in Cd2+ sorption involves a fast adsorption reaction that is followed by diffusion of Cd2+ into a surface layer of hydrated CaCO3 that overlies crystalline calcite. Desorption of Cd2+ from the hydrated layer is slow. The second step is solid solution formation in new crystalline material, which grows from the disordered mixture of Cd and Ca carbonate in the hydrated surface layer. Calculated distribution coefficients for solid solutions formed at the surface are slightly greater than the ratio of equilibrium constants for dissolution of calcite and CdCO3, which is the value that would be expected for an ideal solid solution in equilibrium with the aqueous solution. ?? 1987.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(87)90330-9","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Davis, J., Fuller, C.C., and Cook, A., 1987, A model for trace metal sorption processes at the calcite surface: Adsorption of Cd2+ and subsequent solid solution formation: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 51, no. 6, p. 1477-1490, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(87)90330-9.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1477","endPage":"1490","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224289,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e47de4b0c8380cd46671","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, J.A.","contributorId":71694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fuller, C. C.","contributorId":29858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cook, A.D.","contributorId":53530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70014597,"text":"70014597 - 1987 - Solute transport with equilibrium aqueous complexation and either sorption or ion exchange: Simulation methodology and applications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-18T10:24:36","indexId":"70014597","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Solute transport with equilibrium aqueous complexation and either sorption or ion exchange: Simulation methodology and applications","docAbstract":"<p>Methodologies that account for specific types of chemical reactions in the simulation of solute transport can be developed so they are compatible with solution algorithms employed in existing transport codes. This enables the simulation of reactive transport in complex multidimensional flow regimes, and provides a means for existing codes to account for some of the fundamental chemical processes that occur among transported solutes. Two equilibrium-controlled reaction systems demonstrate a methodology for accommodating chemical interaction into models of solute transport. One system involves the sorption of a given chemical species, as well as two aqueous complexations in which the sorbing species is a participant. The other reaction set involves binary ion exchange coupled with aqueous complexation involving one of the exchanging species. The methodology accommodates these reaction systems through the addition of nonlinear terms to the transport equations for the sorbing species. Example simulation results show (1) the effect equilibrium chemical parameters have on the spatial distributions of concentration for complexing solutes; (2) that an interrelationship exists between mechanical dispersion and the various reaction processes; (3) that dispersive parameters of the porous media cannot be determined from reactive concentration distributions unless the reaction is accounted for or the influence of the reaction is negligible; (4) how the concentration of a chemical species may be significantly affected by its participation in an aqueous complex with a second species which also sorbs; and (5) that these coupled chemical processes influencing reactive transport can be demonstrated in two-dimensional flow regimes.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(87)90174-0","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Lewis, F., Voss, C.I., and Rubin, J., 1987, Solute transport with equilibrium aqueous complexation and either sorption or ion exchange: Simulation methodology and applications: Journal of Hydrology, v. 90, no. 1-2, p. 81-115, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(87)90174-0.","productDescription":"35 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"115","numberOfPages":"35","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225841,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9255e4b08c986b319e51","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lewis, F.M.","contributorId":83966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"F.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Voss, Clifford I. 0000-0001-5923-2752 cvoss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5923-2752","contributorId":1559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voss","given":"Clifford","email":"cvoss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rubin, J.","contributorId":26433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70014595,"text":"70014595 - 1987 - Computation of unsteady flows in the Alabama River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-10T16:24:29","indexId":"70014595","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3718,"text":"Water Resources Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-1370","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Computation of unsteady flows in the Alabama River","docAbstract":"<p>An application is described of the branch-network flow model, BRANCH, to the upper Alabama River system in central Alabama. The model is used to simulate one-dimensional unsteady flows and water surface elevations in approximately 60 river miles of the Alabama River system. Preliminary calibration was made using 72 hours of observed data. Simulated discharges are about 10 percent lower than observed discharges at higher discharge rates and computed flows lag observed flows by about 30 minutes.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1987.tb00810.x","issn":"00431370","usgsCitation":"Jeffcoat, H.H., and Jennings, M.E., 1987, Computation of unsteady flows in the Alabama River: Water Resources Bulletin, v. 23, no. 2, p. 313-315, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1987.tb00810.x.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"313","endPage":"315","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225787,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -86.43218994140625,\n              32.36372329228304\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.79498291015624,\n              32.36372329228304\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.79498291015624,\n              32.72375394304274\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.43218994140625,\n              32.72375394304274\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.43218994140625,\n              32.36372329228304\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2dce4b0c8380cd4b438","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jeffcoat, Hillary H.","contributorId":18401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jeffcoat","given":"Hillary","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jennings, Marshall E.","contributorId":55813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"Marshall","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014570,"text":"70014570 - 1987 - Large-scale volcano-ground ice interactions on Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-15T23:35:05.363121","indexId":"70014570","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Large-scale volcano-ground ice interactions on Mars","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif text-s\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id7\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id8\"><p>The process of volcano-ground ice interaction on Mars is investigated by thermodynamic calculations and observations of Viking Orbiter images. We develop a numerical model of volcano-ground ice interaction that includes heat transport by conduction, radiation from the surface, heat transfer to the atmosphere, and H<sub>2</sub>O phase changes in an ice-rich permafrost. We consider eruption of lava flows over permafrost, and intrusion of sills into permafrost. For eruption of lava over permafrost, most of the heat in the flow is lost by radiation and atmospheric effects. The amount of H<sub>2</sub>O liquid and vapor produced is small, and its removal would not be sufficient to cause collapse that would lower the surface of the lava flow below the surrounding terrain. For intrusion of a sill, most of the heat in the sill eventually goes into H<sub>2</sub>O phase changes, producing much larger amounts of water that could have profound geomorphic and geochemical effects. Approximate meltwater discharge rates are calculated for both extrusive and intrusive interactions. We examine two large regions of large-scale volcano-ground ice interactions. Near Aeolis Mensae, intrusion of a complex of dikes and sills into ice-rich ground has produced substantial melting, with mobilization and flow of material. This interaction probably also produced large quantities of palagonite tuff and breccia. Morphologic evidence for progressive fluidization implies that meltwater was stored beneath the surface for some time, and that most of the release of water and volcanic mudflow took place late in the interaction. Northeast of Hellas, several large channels emanate from the area near the volcano Hadriaca Patera. If genetically related to the volcanic activity, large collapse features at the sources of some channels must have originated due to heat from large buried magma bodies. A channel emerging directly from the base of Hadriaca Patera may have originated from release of heat from thick extruded material. Other small channels in the region results from heat released from surface lava flows. Inferred channel discharges may be compared to discharge rates calculated for lava-ground ice interactions. Such comparisons show that meltwater probably accumulated beneath the surface and then was released rapidly, with a discharge rate limited by soil permeability. Volcano-ground ice interaction has been a widespread and important geologic process on Mars, and may be the primary source of palagonites making up the ubiquitous Martian dust.</p></div></div></div><ul id=\"issue-navigation\" class=\"issue-navigation u-margin-s-bottom u-bg-grey1\"></ul>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0019-1035(87)90085-6","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Squyres, S.W., Wilhelms, D., and Moosman, A., 1987, Large-scale volcano-ground ice interactions on Mars: Icarus, v. 70, no. 3, p. 385-408, https://doi.org/10.1016/0019-1035(87)90085-6.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"385","endPage":"408","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225386,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a44a1e4b0c8380cd66c7d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Squyres, S. W.","contributorId":31836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Squyres","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilhelms, D.E.","contributorId":82302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilhelms","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moosman, A.C.","contributorId":10559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moosman","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70014584,"text":"70014584 - 1987 - Biogeochemical cycling in an organic-rich coastal marine basin. 8. A sulfur isotopic budget balanced by differential diffusion across the sediment-water interface","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-03T15:41:36.653581","indexId":"70014584","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biogeochemical cycling in an organic-rich coastal marine basin. 8. A sulfur isotopic budget balanced by differential diffusion across the sediment-water interface","docAbstract":"<p><span>The sulfur isotopic composition of the sulfur fluxes occurring in the anoxic marine sediments of Cape Lookout Bight, N.C., U.S.A., was determined, and the result of isotopic mass balance was obtained&nbsp;</span><i>via</i><span>&nbsp;the differential diffusion model. Seasonal pore water sulfate&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>34</sup><i>S</i><span>&nbsp;measurements yielded a calculated sulfate input of 0.6%.. Sulfate transported into the sediments&nbsp;</span><i>via</i><span>&nbsp;diffusion appeared to be enriched in the lighter isotope because its concentration gradient was steeper, due to the increase in the measured isotopic composition of sulfate with depth. Similarly, the back diffusion of dissolved sulfide towards the sediment-water interface appeared enriched in the heavier isotope. The isotopic composition of this flux was calculated from measurements of the&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>34</sup><i>S</i><span>&nbsp;of dissolved sulfide and was determined to be 15.9%.. The isotopic composition of buried sulfide was determined to be −5.2%. and the detrital sulfur input was estimated to be −6.2%.. An isotope mass balance equation based upon the fluxes at the sediment-water interface successfully predicted the isotopic composition of the buried sulfur flux within 0.5%., thus confirming that isotopes diffuse in response to their individual concentration gradients.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(87)90212-2","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Chanton, J., Martens, C., and Goldhaber, M., 1987, Biogeochemical cycling in an organic-rich coastal marine basin. 8. A sulfur isotopic budget balanced by differential diffusion across the sediment-water interface: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 51, no. 5, p. 1201-1208, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(87)90212-2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1201","endPage":"1208","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225648,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f151e4b0c8380cd4abae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chanton, J. P.","contributorId":7429,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chanton","given":"J. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martens, C.S.","contributorId":42718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martens","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goldhaber, M. B. 0000-0002-1785-4243","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1785-4243","contributorId":103280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldhaber","given":"M. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70014582,"text":"70014582 - 1987 - Thermodynamics of aragonite-strontianite solid solutions: Results from stoichiometric solubility at 25 and 76°C","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-18T10:39:09","indexId":"70014582","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thermodynamics of aragonite-strontianite solid solutions: Results from stoichiometric solubility at 25 and 76°C","docAbstract":"<p id=\"\">Dissolution of synthetic strontianite-aragonite solid solutions was followed analytically to stoichiometric saturation using large solid to solution ratios in CO<sub>2</sub>-H<sub>2</sub>O solution at 25 and 76&deg;C. The compositional dependence of the equilibrium constant was calculated from the composition of saturated (stoichiometric) solutions and used to calculate the activities and activity coefficients of CaCO<sub>3</sub>&nbsp;and SrCO<sub>3</sub>&nbsp;in the solid Ca<sub>(1&minus;<i>x</i>)</sub>Sr<sub><i>x</i></sub>CO<sub>3</sub>&nbsp;at 25 and 76&deg;C. The results show that the solid-solution is not regular but unsymmetrical. The excess free energy of mixing is closely modeled for all compositions by the relation</p>\n<div id=\"\" class=\"formula\">\n<div class=\"mathml\"><span id=\"mmlsi1\" class=\"mathmlsrc\"><img class=\"imgLazyJSB inlineImage\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-0016703787903243-si1.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"213\" height=\"20\" data-inlimgeid=\"1-s2.0-0016703787903243-si1.gif\" data-loaded=\"true\" /></span></div>\n</div>\n<p><span>where&nbsp;</span><i>A</i><sub>0</sub><span>&nbsp;is 8.49 &plusmn; 0.30 and 7.71 &plusmn; 0.20 KJ/mole and&nbsp;</span><i>A</i><sub>1</sub><span>&nbsp;is &minus;4.51 &plusmn; 0.20 and &minus;3.36 &plusmn; 0.40 KJ/mole at 25 and 76&deg;C, respectively. The equilibrium constant is denned as a function of the SrCO</span><sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;mole fraction,&nbsp;</span><i>x</i><span>, by the relation</span></p>\n<div id=\"\" class=\"formula\">\n<div class=\"mathml\"><span id=\"mmlsi2\" class=\"mathmlsrc\"><img class=\"imgLazyJSB inlineImage\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-0016703787903243-si2.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"575\" height=\"36\" data-inlimgeid=\"1-s2.0-0016703787903243-si2.gif\" data-loaded=\"true\" /></span></div>\n</div>\n<p><span>where&nbsp;</span><i>R</i><span>&nbsp;is the gas constant,&nbsp;</span><i>T</i><span>&nbsp;is in Kelvins and&nbsp;</span><i>K</i><sub><i>A</i></sub><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><i>K</i><sub><i>S</i></sub><span>&nbsp;are the aragonite and strontianite equilibrium constants.</span></p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p id=\"\">The experimental results indicate the Henry's law coefficients of SrCO<sub>3</sub>&nbsp;in aragonites containing 0 to 6 mole percent SrCO<sub>3</sub>&nbsp;are approximately 91&plusmn; 8 and 23 &plusmn; 1 at 25 and 76&deg;C, respectively and for strontianites the Henry's law coefficients and applicable compositional ranges are approximately 7.3 &plusmn; 0.3 (0.84 &le;&nbsp;<i>x</i>&nbsp;&le; 1.00) and 3.3 &plusmn; 0.5 (0.50 &le;&nbsp;<i>x</i>&nbsp;&le; 1.00) at 25 and 76&deg;C, respectively. Substitution of small amounts of Sr in aragonite and Ca in strontianite initially increases the stability of the solid. The most stable aragonites and strontianites contain 0.58 &plusmn; 0.03 and 12.5 &plusmn; 1.1 mole percent SrCO<sub>3</sub>&nbsp;and CaCO<sub>3</sub>&nbsp;at 25&deg;C and 3.1 &plusmn; 0.3 and 17.2 &plusmn; 1.1 mole percent SrCO<sub>3</sub>&nbsp;and CaCO<sub>3</sub>&nbsp;at 76&deg;C, respectively. The spinode occurs over the regions 0.065 &plusmn; 0.001 &le;&nbsp;<i>x</i>&nbsp;&le; 0.620 &plusmn; 0.014 at 25&deg;C and 0.103 &plusmn; 0.007 &le;&nbsp;<i>x</i>&nbsp;&le; 0.585 &plusmn; 0.019 at 76&deg;C where all compositions are unstable. A miscibility gap occurs over the compositional ranges 0.0058 &plusmn; 0.0003 &le;&nbsp;<i>x</i>&nbsp;&le; 0.875 &plusmn; 0.011 at 25&deg;C and 0.031 &plusmn; 0.003 &le;&nbsp;<i>x</i>&nbsp;&le; 0.828 &plusmn; 0.011 at 76&deg;C and is in reasonable agreement with reported compositions of natural aragonites and strontianites. Marine aragonites are neither at equilibrium nor stoichiometric saturation with surface seawater. The experimentally observed distribution coefficient of Sr in aragonite is 12 times larger than the calculated equilibrium value (0.095) at 25&deg;C. Naturally occurring strontianites contain large amounts of calcium primarily because Ca/Sr ratios in natural waters are typically large.</p>\n<p id=\"\">Neither equilibrium nor stoichiometric saturation is observed at 76&deg;C during laboratory recrystallization of strontianite-aragonite solid solutions even after apparent 100 percent conversion to a narrow secondary composition and demonstration of a nearly constant composition system for periods of 300 hours.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(87)90324-3","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Plummer, N., and Busenberg, E., 1987, Thermodynamics of aragonite-strontianite solid solutions: Results from stoichiometric solubility at 25 and 76°C: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 51, no. 6, p. 1393-1411, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(87)90324-3.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"1393","endPage":"1411","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225584,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb27fe4b08c986b32583c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":368725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Busenberg, E.","contributorId":56796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busenberg","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014891,"text":"70014891 - 1987 - Presence and potential significance of aromatic-ketone groups in aquatic humic substances","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-14T21:23:48.478256","indexId":"70014891","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2958,"text":"Organic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Presence and potential significance of aromatic-ketone groups in aquatic humic substances","docAbstract":"<p><span>Aquatic humic- and fulvic-acid standards of the International Humic Substances Society were characterized, with emphasis on carbonyl-group nature and content, by carbon-13 nuclear-magnetic-resonance spectroscopy, proton nuclear-magnetic-resonance spectroscopy, and infrared spectroscopy. After comparing spectral results of underivatized humic and fulvic acids with spectral results of chemically modified derivatives, that allow improved observation of the carbonyl group, the data clearly indicated that aromatic ketone groups comprised the majority of the carbonyl-group content. About one ketone group per monocyclic aromatic ring was determined for both humic and fulvic acids. Aromatic-ketone groups were hypothesized to form by photolytic rearrangements and oxidation of phenolic ester and hydrocarbon precursors; these groups have potential significance regarding haloform formation in water, reactivity resulting from active hydrogen of the methyl and methylene adjacent to the ketone groups, and formation of hemiketal and lactol structures. Aromatic-ketone groups also may be the point of attachment between aliphatic and aromatic moieties of aquatic humic-substance structure.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0146-6380(87)90038-6","usgsCitation":"Leenheer, J., Wilson, M.A., and Malcolm, R., 1987, Presence and potential significance of aromatic-ketone groups in aquatic humic substances: Organic Geochemistry, v. 11, no. 4, p. 273-280, https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6380(87)90038-6.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"273","endPage":"280","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226253,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","city":"Fargo","otherGeospatial":"Suwannee River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.55719563644614,\n              30.73718669262388\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.70468259143186,\n              30.595406491784985\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.62660258515855,\n              30.599762786732207\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.52104350470628,\n              30.666323175534032\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.33092442455035,\n              30.827183395185997\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.35189154748764,\n              30.855175569793232\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.55719563644614,\n              30.73718669262388\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"plainLanguageSummary":"<p><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></p>","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8b3de4b0c8380cd7e1c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leenheer, J.A.","contributorId":75123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leenheer","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, M. A.","contributorId":107649,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilson","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Malcolm, Ronald L.","contributorId":46075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malcolm","given":"Ronald L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70014887,"text":"70014887 - 1987 - A Pennsylvanian-age terrestrial storm deposit: using plant fossils to characterize the history and process of sediment accumulation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-20T23:15:23.727648","indexId":"70014887","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2450,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A Pennsylvanian-age terrestrial storm deposit: using plant fossils to characterize the history and process of sediment accumulation","docAbstract":"<div><div id=\"12459337\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>A thin black shale overlying the B-coal underclay (in the Middle Pennsylvanian post-Pottsville strata of the Bernice Basin) contains a compression flora composed of large, prostrate, unidirectionally oriented lycopod trunks and randomly oriented pteridosperm stems. Analyses of modern log accumulations indicate that unidirectional trunk orientations can be produced by riverflood currents, volcanic blasts, and most high-energy windstorms. Since there are neither fluvial sediments nor ash deposits associated with the Bernice assemblage, this deposit is believed to have been formed by high-energy winds. Furthermore, this deposit is interpreted to be in situ because storm winds (and volcanic blasts) rarely have sufficient energy for the physical transport of large, intact tree trunks. The sedimentary history of the B-coal underclay can be determined from the successional changes in the species and plant part compositions (leaves, seeds, branches, trunks, etc.) of the preserved plant material. The underclay is an accretionary floodplain soil which accumulated as discrete increments during episodic floods. The sediments deposited with each flood incorporated the litter layer of the lycopod-pteridosperm forest which occupied this site. Ordinarily, the flood water would recede, and renewed root growth would destroy the primary sedimentary structures and the newly incorporated organic material. Because the bedding and forest litter are preserved in the top 5 cm of the underclay, root growth and silt deposition must have been terminated by the last flooding event. The site eventually became permanently inundated, and an organic-rich mud began to accumulate in the resulting floodplain lake. The lycopod-pteridosperm forest drowned and, at some later time, was blown down into the lake. The trunks are preserved on a single bedding plane in a 2-cm-thick, organic-rich lacustrine black shale. Continued organic accumulation in the lake resulted in the accumulation of a hypautochthonous peat which eventually was colonized by a peat-forming flora.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"SEPM","doi":"10.1306/212F8AE9-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D","issn":"00224472","usgsCitation":"Wnuk, C., and Pfefferkorn, H., 1987, A Pennsylvanian-age terrestrial storm deposit: using plant fossils to characterize the history and process of sediment accumulation: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 57, no. 2, p. 212-221, https://doi.org/10.1306/212F8AE9-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"212","endPage":"221","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226187,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e2f4e4b0c8380cd45d54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wnuk, C.","contributorId":31914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wnuk","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pfefferkorn, H.W.","contributorId":18910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pfefferkorn","given":"H.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014882,"text":"70014882 - 1987 - Pure shear and simple shear calcite textures. Comparison of experimental, theoretical and natural data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-13T23:48:12.748205","indexId":"70014882","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2468,"text":"Journal of Structural Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pure shear and simple shear calcite textures. Comparison of experimental, theoretical and natural data","docAbstract":"<p>The pattern of lattice preferred orientation (texture) in deformed rocks is an expression of the strain path and the acting deformation mechanisms. A first indication about the strain path is given by the symmetry of pole figures: coaxial deformation produces orthorhombic pole figures, while non-coaxial deformation yields monoclinic or triclinic pole figures. More quantitative information about the strain history can be obtained by comparing natural textures with experimental ones and with theoretical models. For this comparison, a representation in the sensitive three-dimensional orientation distribution space is extremely important and efforts are made to explain this concept. We have been investigating differences between pure shear and simple shear deformation incarbonate rocks and have found considerable agreement between textures produced in plane strain experiments and predictions based on the Taylor model. We were able to simulate the observed changes with strain history (coaxial vs non-coaxial) and the profound texture transition which occurs with increasing temperature. Two natural calcite textures were then selected which we interpreted by comparing them with the experimental and theoretical results. A marble from the Santa Rosa mylonite zone in southern California displays orthorhombic pole figures with patterns consistent with low temperature deformation in pure shear. A limestone from the Tanque Verde detachment fault in Arizona has a monoclinic fabric from which we can interpret that 60% of the deformation occurred by simple shear.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","issn":"01918141","usgsCitation":"Wenk, H., Takeshita, T., Bechler, E., Erskine, B., and Matthies, S., 1987, Pure shear and simple shear calcite textures. Comparison of experimental, theoretical and natural data: Journal of Structural Geology, v. 9, no. 5-6, p. 731-745.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"731","endPage":"745","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226113,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"5-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a903be4b0c8380cd7fbf8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wenk, H.-R.","contributorId":47921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wenk","given":"H.-R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Takeshita, T.","contributorId":46232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takeshita","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bechler, E.","contributorId":95211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bechler","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Erskine, B.G.","contributorId":8624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erskine","given":"B.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Matthies, S.","contributorId":36302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matthies","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70014874,"text":"70014874 - 1987 - Examples of transient sounding from groundwater exploration in sedimentary aquifers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-20T22:38:47.424001","indexId":"70014874","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Examples of transient sounding from groundwater exploration in sedimentary aquifers","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-group \"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>Examples of the use of transient electromagnetic soundings for three ground-water exploration problems in sedimentary aquifers are given. The examples include: (1) estimating depths to water table and bedrock in an alluvium-filled basin, (2) mapping a confined fresh-water aquifer in bedrock sediments, and (3) locating a freshwater/salt-water interface in a glacial-outwash aquifer. The technique works quite well for these problems within the limitations imposed by the problem of equivalence. For thin conductive targets (S-equivalence) such as a salt-water lens, the ratio of the layer thickness to its resistivity can be determined, but not the individual layer parameters. The thickness of thin resistive zones (H-equivalence) can be resolved, but the resistivity of such layers is not well determined. The problem of H-equivalence is more severe than the S-equivalence. Equivalence imposes restrictions on the transient sounding method for some ground-water exploration problems. Model studies prior to field work can be used to assess the usefulness of the technique for a particular exploration objective.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1987.tb02209.x","usgsCitation":"Fitterman, D., 1987, Examples of transient sounding from groundwater exploration in sedimentary aquifers: Groundwater, v. 25, no. 6, p. 685-692, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1987.tb02209.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"685","endPage":"692","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225982,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0da1e4b0c8380cd53100","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fitterman, D.V. 0000-0001-5600-3401","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5600-3401","contributorId":70386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitterman","given":"D.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70014859,"text":"70014859 - 1987 - Playa-lake basins on the Southern High Plains of Texas and New Mexico: Part II. A hydrologic model and mass-balance arguments for their development.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-28T01:01:09.307497","indexId":"70014859","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Playa-lake basins on the Southern High Plains of Texas and New Mexico: Part II. A hydrologic model and mass-balance arguments for their development.","docAbstract":"<p>Hydrologic, geologic, geomorphic, and mass-balance data suggest that most of the ∼30,000 playa lake basins on the Southern High Plains have developed by a combination of dissolution of caliche and piping of surface material into the unsaturated zone rather than by eolian processes as has generally been stated. A conceptual model suggests that particulate organic material, much of which is sorbed on smectite clays, is carried downward from the surface into the unsaturated zone by recharging water. The organic material is oxidized to CO<sub>2</sub>, which dissolves in the water, forms carbonic acid, and dissolves lithologic carbonates. Because organic material is transported and oxidized deep in the unsaturated zone, CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>concentrations are much higher at depth than in the soil zone, and recharging water remains thermodynamically subsaturated with respect to carbonates and thus able to dissolve them throughout the unsaturated zone. Dissolution promotes lithologic instability, leading to piping and eluviation of material within the unsaturated zone. Playa basins expand laterally as recharge is concentrated at the edge of the playa floor because of lowered permeability in the center that results from accumulation of clays and other fine sediment.</p><p>Mass-balance calculations of gas, liquid, and solid fluxes beneath a playa basin suggest that sufficient mass is transported to account for the volume of the depression. Particulate flux is estimated by relating it to the CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>flux out of the unsaturated zone. Solute flux is estimated from the difference between input values from the playa lake water and that observed in ground water. Gas flux is measured directly from gas samples at specific depths below the: surface.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1987)99<224:PBOTSH>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Wood, W., and Osterkamp, W.R., 1987, Playa-lake basins on the Southern High Plains of Texas and New Mexico: Part II. A hydrologic model and mass-balance arguments for their development.: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 99, no. 2, p. 224-230, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1987)99<224:PBOTSH>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"224","endPage":"230","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225735,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"99","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7c38e4b0c8380cd79882","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, W.W.","contributorId":21974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"W.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Osterkamp, W. R.","contributorId":46044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osterkamp","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014852,"text":"70014852 - 1987 - Hydrogeological concepts in the United States: a historical perspective.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-17T20:38:15","indexId":"70014852","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1582,"text":"Episodes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrogeological concepts in the United States: a historical perspective.","docAbstract":"Reviews the development of hydrogeological concepts in the USA from 1879 to 1987, from early qualitative reconnaissance investigations to modern qualitative and multi-disciplinary studies involving predictive analytical techniques and a consideration of management practices. The authors present a sampling of historical milestone papers in US hydrology in the form of an annotated bibliography.-Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Episodes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"07053797","usgsCitation":"Moore, J., and Hanshaw, B., 1987, Hydrogeological concepts in the United States: a historical perspective.: Episodes, v. 10, no. 4, p. 315-321.","startPage":"315","endPage":"321","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225665,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":265831,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.episodes.co.in/www/backissues/104/ARTICLES--315.pdf"}],"volume":"10","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a340ae4b0c8380cd5f468","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, J.E.","contributorId":34927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hanshaw, B.B.","contributorId":25928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanshaw","given":"B.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014839,"text":"70014839 - 1987 - Detection of a locked zone at depth on the Parkfield, California, segment of the San Andreas fault","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-05T16:59:27.644069","indexId":"70014839","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detection of a locked zone at depth on the Parkfield, California, segment of the San Andreas fault","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Parkfield, California, segment of the San Andreas fault is transitional in character between the creeping segment of the fault to the northwest and the locked Carrizo Plain segment to the southeast. The rate of shallow fault slip decreases from 25–30 mm/yr northwest of the epicenter of the 1966 Parkfield earthquake to zero at the southeastern end of the 1966 rupture zone. Data from a network of trilateration lines spanning the San Andreas fault near Parkfield and extending to the Pacific coast near San Luis Obispo shed light on the rate of fault slip at depth since the 1966 earthquake. In this study, average rates of line length change and shallow fault slip were inverted to determine the slip rate at depth on the Parkfield fault segment. The fault is taken to be a vertical surface with unknown distribution of strike-slip displacement in an elastic half-space. A striking result of the inversions is that all solutions providing acceptable fits to the data exhibit a locked zone essentially coincident with the rupture surface of the 1966 Parkfield earthquake. The data require that the locked zone extend nearly as far north as the 1966 epicenter; however, the vertical extent of the locked zone is not well resolved. Over much of the Parkfield segment the fault is slipping faster at the earth's surface than it is at seismogenic depths. In order to fit the trilateration measurements it is necessary to include a component of contraction normal to the trend of the San Andreas. The inversion results suggest a spatially uniform normal strain of −0.06 μstrain/yr. The orientation of the contraction is compatible with geologic and seismic evidence of active folding and reverse faulting in the region. The magnitude of the contraction is consistent with convergence rates inferred from global plate motion models.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB092iB08p07945","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Harris, R., and Segall, P., 1987, Detection of a locked zone at depth on the Parkfield, California, segment of the San Andreas fault: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 92, no. B8, p. 7945-7962, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB092iB08p07945.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"7945","endPage":"7962","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225534,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"B8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ff6de4b0c8380cd4f1a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harris, R.A. 0000-0002-9247-0768","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9247-0768","contributorId":41849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"R.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Segall, P.","contributorId":44231,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Segall","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014838,"text":"70014838 - 1987 - Analysis of steady-state salt-water upconing with application at Truro well field, Cape Cod, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-20T22:41:42.557766","indexId":"70014838","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of steady-state salt-water upconing with application at Truro well field, Cape Cod, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-group \"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>Salt-water upconing describes the phenomenon where salt water is transported vertically upward under a well in response to pumpage in a fresh-water aquifer underlain by salt water. Sharp interface methods have been used successfully to describe the physics of upconing. A finite-element model is developed to simulate a sharp interface for determination of the steady-state position of the interface and maximum permissible well discharges. The model developed is compared to previous published electric-analog model results of Bennett and others (1968). Both methods are applied to a test case at Truro, Massachusetts, where maximum permissible discharges are determined by the finite-element model to range from 0.47 to 1.05 cubic feet per second for the Test Site No. 4 location.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1987.tb02876.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Reilly, T.E., Frimpter, M., LeBlanc, D., and Goodman, A., 1987, Analysis of steady-state salt-water upconing with application at Truro well field, Cape Cod, Massachusetts: Groundwater, v. 25, no. 2, p. 194-206, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1987.tb02876.x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"194","endPage":"206","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225533,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eb32e4b0c8380cd48c9f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reilly, T. E.","contributorId":79460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reilly","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frimpter, M. H.","contributorId":34127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frimpter","given":"M. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"LeBlanc, D.R.","contributorId":87141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeBlanc","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Goodman, A.S.","contributorId":37901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goodman","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70014837,"text":"70014837 - 1987 - Introduction to the Special Issue on remote sensing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-18T16:08:21.221988","indexId":"70014837","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Introduction to the Special Issue on remote sensing","docAbstract":"<p><span>In 1977, the first Special Issue on remote sensing published by Geophysics contained papers selected from two special sessions at the 45th Annual International SEG Meeting, October 12–16, 1975, in Denver, Colorado. That first Special Issue consisted of eight papers: four are primarily tutorial (image processing, spectral signatures in the visible and near infrared, microwave spectra of layered media, and factor analysis of gamma-ray spectrometry), two involve structural interpretations with implications for mineral exploration and seismicity, and two examine multispectral reflectance data for detecting hydrothermal alteration and for uranium exploration. Although these papers indicate the importance of physical properties and models in the interpretation of remote sensing data, the studies were constrained by the instruments that collected the data and by the availability of image-processing software. Circumstances have changed significantly in the intervening decade, as illustrated in recent review papers (Watson, 1985; Goetz et al., 1983) and demonstrated by the papers in this Special Issue.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/1.1442355","issn":"00168033","usgsCitation":"Watson, K., 1987, Introduction to the Special Issue on remote sensing: Geophysics, v. 52, no. 7, p. 839-840, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1442355.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"839","endPage":"840","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225472,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3df9e4b0c8380cd639d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watson, K.","contributorId":39123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watson","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70014836,"text":"70014836 - 1987 - Infragravity waves over a natural barred profile","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-24T16:01:25.778963","indexId":"70014836","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Infragravity waves over a natural barred profile","docAbstract":"<p><span>Measurements of cross-shore flow were made across the surf zone during a storm as a nearshore bar became better developed and migrated offshore. Measured infragravity band spectra were compared to synthetic spectra calculated numerically over the natural barred profile assuming a white run-up spectrum of leaky mode or high-mode edge waves. As in earlier studies, the spectra compared closely; however, for some frequencies the energy of the measured spectrum exceeded the energy of the synthetic spectrum, suggesting that the run-up spectrum was not white but had dominating frequencies. Utilizing cross-shore flow data and synthetic spectra from a number of cross-shore locations, an equivalent run-up spectrum was calculated for each day. On the first day of the storm, the equivalent run-up spectrum indicated a dominant wave that had a node in velocity reasonably close to the bar crest. Later during the storm, when the bar had migrated farther offshore, there was no evidence for a dominant motion having a velocity node at the bar crest. The structure of the equivalent run-up spectrum compared well with spectra of direct measurements of run-up obtained several hundred meters away. We have no clear evidence in support of the theory that infragravity waves might form or force the offshore migration of a bar. To confirm this finding, longer records obtained synoptically over a developing bar are required. The dominant wave observed early in the storm was consistent with Symond and Bowen's (1984) theoretical prediction of resonant amplification of discrete frequencies over a barred profile.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JC092iC09p09531","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Sallenger, A.H., and Holman, R., 1987, Infragravity waves over a natural barred profile: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 92, no. C9, p. 9531-9540, https://doi.org/10.1029/JC092iC09p09531.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"9531","endPage":"9540","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225471,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"C9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3bbce4b0c8380cd627d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sallenger, A. H. Jr.","contributorId":8818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sallenger","given":"A.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holman, R.A.","contributorId":73751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holman","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014834,"text":"70014834 - 1987 - Role of geophysics in identifying and characterizing sites for high-level nuclear waste repositories.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:35","indexId":"70014834","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Role of geophysics in identifying and characterizing sites for high-level nuclear waste repositories.","docAbstract":"Evaluation of potential high-level nuclear waste repository sites is an area where geophysical capabilities and limitations may significantly impact a major governmental program. Since there is concern that extensive exploratory drilling might degrade most potential disposal sites, geophysical methods become crucial as the only nondestructive means to examine large volumes of rock in three dimensions. Characterization of potential sites requires geophysicists to alter their usual mode of thinking: no longer are anomalies being sought, as in mineral exploration, but rather their absence. Thus the size of features that might go undetected by a particular method take on new significance. Legal and regulatory considerations that stem from this different outlook, most notably the requirements of quality assurance (necessary for any data used in support of a repository license application), are forcing changes in the manner in which geophysicists collect and document their data. -Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Wynn, J.C., and Roseboom, E., 1987, Role of geophysics in identifying and characterizing sites for high-level nuclear waste repositories.: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 92, no. B8, p. 7787-7796.","startPage":"7787","endPage":"7796","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225469,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"B8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aae52e4b0c8380cd87089","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wynn, J. C.","contributorId":38544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wynn","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roseboom, E.H.","contributorId":53786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roseboom","given":"E.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}