The historical and current (1998) water-quantity, water-quality, and aquatic-ecology conditions in the Gore Creek watershed are described as part of a study by the U.S. Geological Survey, done in cooperation with the Town of Vail, the Eagle River Water and Sanitation District, and the Upper Eagle Regional Water Authority. Interpretation of the available water-quantity, water-quality, and aquatic-ecology data collected by various agencies since 1968 showed that background geology and land use in the watershed influence the water quality and stream biota.
Surface-water nutrient concentrations generally increased as water moved downstream through the Town of Vail, but concentrations at the mouth of Gore Creek were typical when compared with national data for urban/undeveloped sites. Nitrate concentrations in Gore Creek were highest just downstream from a wastewater-treatment plant discharge, but concentrations decreased at sites farther downstream because of dilution and nitrogen uptake by algae. Recent total phosphorus concentrations were somewhat elevated when compared to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency recommended level of 0.10 milligram per liter for control of eutrophication in flowing water. However, total phosphorus concentrations at the mouth of Gore Creek were relatively low when compared to a national study of phosphorus in urban land-use areas.
Historically, suspended sediment associated with construction of Interstate 70 in the early 1970's has been of primary concern; however, recent data indicate that streambed aggradation of sediment originating from Interstate 70 traction sanding currently is a greater concern. About 4,000 tons of coarse sand and fine gravel is washed into Black Gore Creek each year following application of traction materials to Interstate 70 during adverse winter driving conditions. Suspended-sediment concentrations were low in Black Gore Creek; however, bedload-transport rates of as much as 4 tons per day have been measured.
Water samples were collected during spring and fall of 1997 from five alluvial monitoring wells located throughout the Town of Vail. Nutrient concentrations generally were low in the alluvial monitoring wells. Specific-conductance values ranged from 265 to 557 microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius. Concentrations of radon in monitoring-well samples exceeded the 300-picocuries-per-liter U.S. Environmental Protection Agency proposed maximum contaminant level (which has been suspended pending further review). Low levels of bacteria and methylene blue active substances indicate there is little or no wastewater contamination of shallow ground water in the vicinity of the monitoring wells and one of the municipal water-supply wells. Ground-water ages in the alluvial aquifer ranged from about 2 to about 50 years old. These ages indicate that changes in land-management practices may not have an effect on ground-water quality for many years.
Differences in macroinvertebrate-community structure were found among sites in Gore Creek by evaluating changes in relative abundance, total abundance, and dominant functional feeding groups of the major macroinvertebrate groups. Ephemeroptera (mayflies), Plecoptera (stoneflies), Trichoptera (caddisflies), and Coleoptera (beetles) exhibited relatively low tolerance to water-quality degradation when compared with Diptera (midges) and non-insects (sludge worms). More than 80 percent of the macroinvertebrate community at sites located farthest upstream was composed of mayflies, stoneflies, and caddisflies, indicating favorable water-quality and habitat conditions. The relative percentages of midges and sludge worms greatly increased in the downstream reaches of Gore Creek, which drain relatively larger areas of urban and recreation land uses, indicating the occurrence of nutrient and organic enrichment in Gore Creek.
The macroinvertebrate community in Black Gore Creek indicated adverse effects from sediment deposition. Macroinvertebrate abundance was considerably reduced at the two sites where streambed sediment was more prevalent; however, differences in abundance also may have been related to differences in habitat and availability of food resources.
The lower 4 miles of Gore Creek, downstream from Red Sandstone Creek, have been designated a Gold Medal fishery in recognition of the high recreational value of the abundant brown trout community. Gore Creek contained twice as many trout as a reference site with similar habitat characteristics in Rocky Mountain National Park.
Moderate increases in nutrient concentrations above background conditions have increased the growth and abundance potential for aquatic life in Gore Creek, while at the same time, esthetic and water-quality conditions have remained favorable. The spatial distribution of nitrate concentrations was consistent with the observed spatial distribution of algal biomass and macroinvertebrate-community characteristics. Algal biomass was limited by available resources (sunlight and nutrients) in the upstream reaches of Gore Creek and limited by macroinvertebrate grazing and water-quality conditions in the downstream reaches. The fish community has benefited from enhanced biological production in the downstream reach of Gore Creek. Increases in algal biomass and macroinvertebrate abundance, in response to higher nutrient concentrations, provide ample food resources necessary to support the abundant fish community.
Trace-element data for surface water, ground water, streambed sediment, fish tissue, and macroinvertebrate tissue indicate that concentrations are generally low in the Gore Creek watershed. In streambed-sediment samples, cadmium, copper, and zinc concentrations were below background levels reported for the Upper Colorado River Basin in Colorado. Concentrations of cadmium, copper, iron, and silver in surface water have occasionally exceeded stream standards in the past, but recent surface-water data indicate these trace elements currently are not of concern. Manganese concentrations commonly exceeded the 50-microgram-per-liter stream standard in Black Gore Creek. Elevated manganese concentrations were primarily attributable to the sedimentary geology of the area.
Concentrations of organic constituents are low in the Gore Creek watershed. Pesticides were detected infrequently and at low concentrations in surface-water, ground-water, bed-sediment, and whole-body fish-tissue samples. Volatile organic compounds also were detected at low concentrations in surface- and ground-water samples.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri994270","usgsCitation":"Wynn, K.H., Bauch, N.J., and Driver, N.E., 2001, Gore Creek watershed, Colorado — Assessment of historical and current water quantity, water quality, and aquatic ecology, 1968–98: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4270, v, 72 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994270.","productDescription":"v, 72 p.","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":162164,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":395310,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_43712.htm"},{"id":3788,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri994270","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Gore Creek watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.45,\n 39.532\n ],\n [\n -106.176,\n 39.532\n ],\n [\n -106.176,\n 39.716\n ],\n [\n -106.45,\n 39.716\n ],\n [\n -106.45,\n 39.532\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db6728bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wynn, Kirby H.","contributorId":37316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wynn","given":"Kirby","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bauch, Nancy J. 0000-0002-0302-2892 njbauch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0302-2892","contributorId":1297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauch","given":"Nancy","email":"njbauch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Driver, Nancy E.","contributorId":67858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Driver","given":"Nancy","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":53326,"text":"wdrCA002 - 2001 - Water Resources Data--California, Water Year 2000, Volume 2. Pacific Slope Basins from Arroyo Grande to Oregon State Line except Central Valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:44","indexId":"wdrCA002","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"CA-00-2","title":"Water Resources Data--California, Water Year 2000, Volume 2. Pacific Slope Basins from Arroyo Grande to Oregon State Line except Central Valley","docAbstract":"Water-resources data for the 2000 water year for California consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams, stage and contents in lakes and reservoirs, and water levels and water quality in wells. Volume 2 contains discharge records for 121 gaging stations, gage-height records for 10 stations, stage and contents for 6 lakes and reservoirs, and water quality for 34 stations. Also included are data for 1 low-flow partial-record station, and 32 miscellaneous-measurement stations. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in California.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wdrCA002","usgsCitation":"Webster, M., Anderson, S., Friebel, M., Freeman, L., and Smithson, J., 2001, Water Resources Data--California, Water Year 2000, Volume 2. Pacific Slope Basins from Arroyo Grande to Oregon State Line except Central Valley: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report CA-00-2, 388 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrCA002.","productDescription":"388 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":5033,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/WDR-CA-00-2/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":175249,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa452","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Webster, M.D.","contributorId":68385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webster","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, S.W.","contributorId":25628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Friebel, M.F.","contributorId":23207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friebel","given":"M.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Freeman, L.A.","contributorId":86374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smithson, J.R.","contributorId":41073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smithson","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":54210,"text":"wdrCO002 - 2001 - Water Resources Data, Colorado, Water Year 2000--Volume 2. Colorado River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:59","indexId":"wdrCO002","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"CO-00-2","title":"Water Resources Data, Colorado, Water Year 2000--Volume 2. Colorado River Basin","docAbstract":"Water-resources data for Colorado for the 2000 water year consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs; meteorological data; and water levels and water quality of wells and springs. This report (Volumes 1 and 2) contains discharge records for 305 gaging stations, stage and contents of 15 lakes and reservoirs, discharge measurements for 1 partial-record low-flow station and 1 miscellaneous site, peak-flow information for 22 crest-stage partial-record stations; water quality for 102 gaging stations and for 7 lakes and reservoirs, supplemental water quality for 185 gaged sites; water quality for 141 miscellaneous sites and 14 observation wells; water levels for 4 observation wells, and meteorological data for 45 sites. Three pertinent stations operated by bordering States also are included in this report. The records were collected and computed by the Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey under the direction of W.F. Horak, District Chief. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wdrCO002","usgsCitation":"Crowfoot, R., Unruh, J., Boulger, R., and O’Neill, G.B., 2001, Water Resources Data, Colorado, Water Year 2000--Volume 2. Colorado River Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report CO-00-2, 596 p.; 2 figs., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrCO002.","productDescription":"596 p.; 2 figs.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":5323,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/WDRCO002/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":181215,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fbdad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crowfoot, R.M.","contributorId":6116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crowfoot","given":"R.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Unruh, J.W.","contributorId":105756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Unruh","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boulger, R.W.","contributorId":86386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boulger","given":"R.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"O’Neill, G. B.","contributorId":72450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neill","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":54285,"text":"wdrMDDEDC001 - 2001 - Water resources data, Maryland, Delaware, and Washington, D.C., water year 2000, volume 1. surface-water data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:59","indexId":"wdrMDDEDC001","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"MD-DE-DC-00-1","title":"Water resources data, Maryland, Delaware, and Washington, D.C., water year 2000, volume 1. surface-water data","docAbstract":"Water resources data for the 2000 water year for Maryland and Delaware consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage and contents of lakes and reservoirs. This volume (Volume 1. Surface-Water Data) contains records for water discharge at 121 gaging stations; stage and contents of 1 reservoir; and water quality at 21 gaging stations. Also included are stage and discharge for 3 creststage partial-record stations, discharge only for 27 low-flow partial-record stations, and stage only for 5 tidal crest-stage partial-record stations. Additional water data were collected at various sites not involved in the systematic data-collection program and are published as miscellaneous measurements. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State, local, and Federal agencies in Maryland and Delaware.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wdrMDDEDC001","usgsCitation":"James, R.W., Saffer, R.W., and Tallman, A.J., 2001, Water resources data, Maryland, Delaware, and Washington, D.C., water year 2000, volume 1. surface-water data: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report MD-DE-DC-00-1, 525 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrMDDEDC001.","productDescription":"525 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":182216,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5399,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wdr-md-de-dc-00-1/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f6e4b07f02db5f1260","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"James, Robert W. Jr.","contributorId":77514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"James","given":"Robert","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Saffer, Richard W.","contributorId":79951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saffer","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tallman, Anthony J.","contributorId":56275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tallman","given":"Anthony","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":28963,"text":"wri004160 - 2001 - Diurnal variations in metal concentrations in the Alamosa River and Wightman Fork, southwestern Colorado, 1995-97","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:35","indexId":"wri004160","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4160","title":"Diurnal variations in metal concentrations in the Alamosa River and Wightman Fork, southwestern Colorado, 1995-97","docAbstract":"A comprehensive sampling network was implemented in the Alamosa River Basin from 1995 to 1997 to address data gaps identified as part of the ecological risk assessment of the Summitville Superfund site. Aluminum, copper, iron, and zinc were identified as the constituents of concern for the risk assessment. Water-quality samples were collected at six sites on the Alamosa River and Wightman Fork by automatic samplers. Several discrete (instantaneous) samples were collected over 24 hours at each site during periods of high diurnal variations in streamflow (May through September). The discrete samples were analyzed individually and duplicate samples were composited to produce a single sample that represented the daily-mean concentration. The diurnal variations in concentration with respect to the theoretical daily-mean concentration (maximum minus minimum divided by daily mean) are presented. Diurnal metal concentrations were highly variable in the Alamosa River and Wightman Fork. The concentration of a metal at a single site could change by several hundred percent during one diurnal cycle. The largest percent change in metal concentrations was observed for aluminum and iron. Zinc concentrations varied the least of the four metals. No discernible or predictable pattern was indicated in the timing of the daily mean, maximum, or minimum concentrations. The percentage of discrete sample concentrations that varied from the daily-mean concentration by thresholds of plus or minus 10, 25, and 50 percent was evaluated. Between 50 and 75 percent of discrete-sample concentrations varied from the daily-mean concentration by more than plus or minus 10 percent. The percentage of samples exceeding given thresholds generally was smaller during the summer period than the snowmelt period. Sampling strategies are critical to accurately define variability in constituent concentration, and conversely, understanding constituent variability is important in determining appropriate sampling strategies. During nonsteady-state periods, considerable errors in estimates of daily-mean concentration are possible if based on one discrete sample. Flow-weighting multiple discrete samples collected over a diurnal cycle provides a better estimate of daily-mean concentrations during nonsteady-state periods. ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey :\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri004160","usgsCitation":"Ortiz, R.F., and Stogner, 2001, Diurnal variations in metal concentrations in the Alamosa River and Wightman Fork, southwestern Colorado, 1995-97: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4160, iv, 14 p. :ill., col. map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004160.","productDescription":"iv, 14 p. :ill., col. map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2260,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri00-4160","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":158353,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6be4b07f02db63d882","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ortiz, Roderick F. rfortiz@usgs.gov","contributorId":1126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ortiz","given":"Roderick","email":"rfortiz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":200697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stogner 0000-0002-3185-1452 rstogner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3185-1452","contributorId":938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stogner","email":"rstogner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":200696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":54355,"text":"wdrIA001 - 2001 - Water resources data, Iowa, water year 2000, Volume 1. surface water--Mississippi River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-08T13:22:51","indexId":"wdrIA001","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"IA-00-1","title":"Water resources data, Iowa, water year 2000, Volume 1. surface water--Mississippi River Basin","docAbstract":"Water resources data for water year 2000 for Iowa consists of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage and contents of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water quality of ground water. This report, in two volumes, contains stage or discharge records for 126 gaging stations; stage or contents records for 9 lakes and reservoirs; water-quality records for 4 gaging stations; sediment records for 12 gaging stations; and water levels for 167 ground-water observation wells. Also included are peak-flow data for 93 crest-stage partial-record stations, water-quality data from 45 municipal wells, and precipitation data collected at 6 gaging stations and 2 precipitation sites. Additional water data were collected at various sites not included in the systematic data-collection program, and are published here as miscellaneous measurements and analyses. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating local, State, and Federal agencies in Iowa.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wdrIA001","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Iowa Department of Natural Resources (Geological Survey Bureau), Iowa Department of Transportation, and with Federal agencies","usgsCitation":"Nalley, G., Gorman, J., Goodrich, R., Miller, V., Turco, M., and Linhart, S.M., 2001, Water resources data, Iowa, water year 2000, Volume 1. surface water--Mississippi River Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report IA-00-1, xiii, 346 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrIA001.","productDescription":"xiii, 346 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":87873,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/2000/ia-00-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":5446,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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-92.6806640625,\n 40.59727063442027\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb858","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nalley, G.M.","contributorId":23535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nalley","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gorman, J.G.","contributorId":32233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gorman","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goodrich, R.D.","contributorId":83995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goodrich","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, V.E.","contributorId":43423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"V.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Turco, M.J.","contributorId":63092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turco","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Linhart, S. M.","contributorId":102517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linhart","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":50415,"text":"ofr01251 - 2001 - Digital data used to relate nutrient input to water quality in the Chesapeake Bay watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:16","indexId":"ofr01251","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-251","title":"Digital data used to relate nutrient input to water quality in the Chesapeake Bay watershed","docAbstract":"Digital data sets compiled by the U.S. Geological Survey were used as input for a collection of Spatially Referenced Regressions On Watershed (SPARROW) attributes for the Chesapeake Bay region including parts of Delaware, Maryland, New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia, and the District of Columbia. These regressions use a nonlinear statistical approach to relate nutrient sources and land-surface characteristics to nutrient loads of streams throughout the Chesapeake Bay watershed. A digital segmented-watershed network serves as the primary framework for spatially referencing nutrient-source and land-surface characteristic data within a geographic information system. \r\n\r\nFlow direction and flow accumulation generated from a 30-meter cell-size Digital Elevation Model and attributes from 1:500,000-scale stream data were used to generate stream and watershed networks. Spatial data sets representing nutrient inputs of total nitrogen and total phosphorus from the early 1990's were created and compiled from numerous sources. Data include atmospheric deposition, septic systems, point-source locations, land use, land cover, and agricultural sources such as commercial fertilizer and manure. Some land-surface characteristic data sets representing factors that affect the transport of nutrients also were compiled. Data sets include land use, land cover, average-annual precipitation and temperature, slope, hydrogeomorphic regions, and soil permeability.\r\n\r\nNutrient-input and land-surface characteristic data sets merged with the segmented-watershed network provide the spatial detail by watershed segment required by SPARROW. Stream-nutrient load estimates for 132 sampling sites representing the early 1990's (103 for total nitrogen and 121 for total phosphorus) serve as the dependent variables for the regressions. These estimates were used to calibrate models of total nitrogen and total phosphorus depicting 1992 land-surface conditions. Examples of model predictions consist of stream-nutrient load and source percentages contributed locally to each stream reach, as well as percentages of the load that reach Chesapeake Bay.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr01251","collaboration":"See OFR 99-60 for version 1.0; see OFR 2004-1433 for version 3.0","usgsCitation":"Brakebill, J.W., Preston, S.D., and Martucci, S.K., 2001, Digital data used to relate nutrient input to water quality in the Chesapeake Bay watershed (Version 2.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-251, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01251.","productDescription":"17 p.","costCenters":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":4219,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://md.water.usgs.gov/publications/ofr-01-251/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":176554,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 2.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d551","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brakebill, John W. 0000-0001-9235-6810 jwbrakeb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9235-6810","contributorId":1061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brakebill","given":"John","email":"jwbrakeb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Preston, Stephen D. 0000-0003-1515-6692 spreston@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1515-6692","contributorId":1463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Preston","given":"Stephen","email":"spreston@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martucci, Sarah K.","contributorId":32976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martucci","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":44906,"text":"wri014036 - 2001 - Aquifer-characteristics data for West Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:11","indexId":"wri014036","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4036","title":"Aquifer-characteristics data for West Virginia","docAbstract":"Specific-capacity, storage-coefficient, and specific-yield data for wells in West Virginia were compiled to provide a data set from which transmissivity could be estimated. This data can be used for analytical and mathematical groundwater flow modeling. Analysis of available storage-coefficient and (or) specific-yield data indicates the Ohio River alluvial aquifer has a median specific yield of 0.20, which is characteristic of an unconfined aquifer. The Kanawha River alluvial aquifer has a median specific yield of 0.003, which is characteristic of a semi-confined aquifer. The median storage coefficient of fractured-bedrock aquifers is only 0.007, which is characteristic of confined aquifers. \r\n\r\nThe highest median transmissivity of a specific aquifer in West Virginia occurs in Ohio River alluvium (4,800 ft2/d); the second highest occurs in Kanawha River alluvium (1,600 ft2/d). The lowest median transmissivity (23 ft2/d) is for the McKenzie-Rose Hill-Tuscarora aquifer. Rocks of Cambrian age within the Waynesboro-Tomstown-Harpers-Weverton-Loudon aquifer had a low median transmissivity of only 67 ft2/d. Other aquifers with low transmissivities include the Hampshire Formation, Brallier-Harrell Formations, Mahantango Formations, Oriskany Sandstone, and the Conococheague Formation with median transmissivities of 74, 72, 92, 82, and 92 ft2/d, respectively. All other aquifers within the State had intermediate values of transmissivity (130-920 ft2/d). The highest median transmissivities among bedrock aquifers were those for aquifers within the Pennsylvanian age Pocahontas Formation (1,200 ft2/d) and Pottsville Group (1,300 ft2/d), and the Mississippian age Mauch Chunk Group (1,300 ft2/d). These rocks crop out primarily in the southern part of the State and to a lesser extent within the Valley and Ridge Physiographic Province in West Virginia's Eastern Panhandle. \r\n\r\nThe highest mean annual ground-water recharge rates within West Virginia (24.6 in.) occur within a band that extends through the central part of the State within the eastern part of the Kanawha River Basin. This area of relatively high relief has peaks higher than 4,000 ft and precipitation greater than 50 in./yr. The band of high recharge rates extends northward towards Pennsylvania and includes the Monongahela River Basin, which has a mean annual recharge of 21.4 inches. \r\n\r\nTo the west of this central band lies a region of lower relief with much lower mean annual precipitation rates. Mean annual recharge for the Tug Fork, Twelvepole Creek, and Guyandotte River Basins is only 12.6 inches. For the western part of the Kanawha River Basin, mean recharge is 11.9 inches. The lowest mean annual recharge rates (8.4 in.) within the State occur in the Little Kanawha River Basin and the tributary streams in the region that discharge directly to the Ohio River. \r\n\r\nWest Virginia's Eastern Panhandle is an area characterized by long linear northeast to southwest trending ridges and valleys. The mean annual ground-water recharge rate for this region, which is drained almost entirely by the Potomac River and its tributaries, is 9.4 inches. This area, which is located within a rain shadow resulting from orographic lifting in the higher altitude area to the west, receives less precipitation (approximately 30 in.) than the region to the west.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri014036","usgsCitation":"Kozar, M.D., and Mathes, M.V., 2001, Aquifer-characteristics data for West Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4036, iv, 74 p. : maps (some col.) ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014036.","productDescription":"iv, 74 p. : maps (some col.) ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":3789,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri014036/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":162165,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e47c6e4b07f02db4aa494","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kozar, Mark D. 0000-0001-7755-7657 mdkozar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7755-7657","contributorId":1963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kozar","given":"Mark","email":"mdkozar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37280,"text":"Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center ","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mathes, Melvin V.","contributorId":77571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mathes","given":"Melvin","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":44910,"text":"wri20014054 - 2001 - User's Guide for Mixed-Size Sediment Transport Model for Networks of One-Dimensional Open Channels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:11","indexId":"wri20014054","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4054","title":"User's Guide for Mixed-Size Sediment Transport Model for Networks of One-Dimensional Open Channels","docAbstract":"This user's guide describes a mathematical model for predicting the transport of mixed sizes of sediment by flow in networks of one-dimensional open channels. The simulation package is useful for general sediment routing problems, prediction of erosion and deposition following dam removal, and scour in channels at road embankment crossings or other artificial structures. The model treats input hydrographs as stepwise steady-state, and the flow computation algorithm automatically switches between sub- and supercritical flow as dictated by channel geometry and discharge. A variety of boundary conditions including weirs and rating curves may be applied both external and internal to the flow network. The model may be used to compute flow around islands and through multiple openings in embankments, but the network must be 'simple' in the sense that the flow directions in all channels can be specified before simulation commences. The location and shape of channel banks are user specified, and all bedelevation changes take place between these banks and above a user-specified bedrock elevation. Computation of sediment-transport emphasizes the sand-size range (0.0625-2.0 millimeter) but the user may select any desired range of particle diameters including silt and finer (<0.0625 millimeter). As part of data input, the user may set the original bed-sediment composition of any number of layers of known thickness. The model computes the time evolution of total transport and the size composition of bed- and suspended-load sand through any cross section of interest. It also tracks bed -surface elevation and size composition. The model is written in the FORTRAN programming language for implementation on personal computers using the WINDOWS operating system and, along with certain graphical output display capability, is accessed from a graphical user interface (GUI). The GUI provides a framework for selecting input files and parameters of a number of components of the sediment-transport process. There are no restrictions in the use of the model as to numbers of channels, channel junctions, cross sections per channel, or points defining the cross sections. Following completion of the simulation computations, the GUI accommodates display of longitudinal plots of either bed elevation and size composition, or of transport rate and size composition of the various components, for individual channels and selected times during the simulation period. For individual cross sections, the GUI also allows display of time series of transport rate and size composition of the various components and of bed elevation and size composition.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/wri20014054","usgsCitation":"Bennett, J.P., 2001, User's Guide for Mixed-Size Sediment Transport Model for Networks of One-Dimensional Open Channels: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4054, iv, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20014054.","productDescription":"iv, 33 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":162704,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4054/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":82248,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4054/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a17e4b07f02db60423c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bennett, James P.","contributorId":100323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":44990,"text":"wri014230 - 2001 - Hydrology of the coastal springs ground-water basin and adjacent parts of Pasco, Hernando, and Citrus Counties, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:12","indexId":"wri014230","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4230","title":"Hydrology of the coastal springs ground-water basin and adjacent parts of Pasco, Hernando, and Citrus Counties, Florida","docAbstract":"The coastal springs in Pasco, Hernando, and Citrus Counties, Florida consist of three first-order magnitude springs and numerous smaller springs, which are points of substantial ground-water discharge from the Upper Floridan aquifer. Spring flow is proportional to the water-level altitude in the aquifer and is affected primarily by the magnitude and timing of rainfall. Ground-water levels in 206 Upper Floridan aquifer wells, and surface-water stage, flow, and specific conductance of water from springs at 10 gaging stations were measured to define the hydrologic variability (temporally and spatially) in the Coastal Springs Ground-Water Basin and adjacent parts of Pasco, Hernando, and Citrus Counties. Rainfall at 46 stations and ground-water withdrawals for three counties, were used to calculate water budgets, to evaluate long-term changes in hydrologic conditions, and to evaluate relations among the hydrologic components. \r\n\r\nPredictive equations to estimate daily spring flow were developed for eight gaging stations using regression techniques. Regression techniques included ordinary least squares and multiple linear regression techniques. The predictive equations indicate that ground-water levels in the Upper Floridan aquifer are directly related to spring flow. At tidally affected gaging stations, spring flow is inversely related to spring-pool altitude. The springs have similar seasonal flow patterns throughout the area. \r\n\r\nWater-budget analysis provided insight into the relative importance of the hydrologic components expected to influence spring flow. Four water budgets were constructed for small ground-water basins that form the Coastal Springs Ground-Water Basin. Rainfall averaged 55 inches per year and was the only source of inflow to the Basin. The pathways for outflow were evapotranspiration (34 inches per year), runoff by spring flow (8 inches per year), ground-water outflow from upward leakage (11 inches per year), and ground-water withdrawal (2 inches per year). Recharge (rainfall minus evapotranspiration) to the Upper Floridan aquifer consists of vertical leakage through the surficial deposits. Discharge is primarily through springs and diffuse upward leakage that maintains the extensive swamps along the Gulf of Mexico. The ground-water basins had slightly different partitioning of hydrologic components, reflecting variation among the regions. \r\n\r\nTrends in hydrologic data were identified using nonparametric statistical techniques to infer long-term changes in hydrologic conditions, and yielded mixed results. No trend in rainfall was detected during the past century. No trend in spring flow was detected in 1931-98. Although monotonic trends were not detected, rainfall patterns are naturally variable from month to month and year to year; this variability is reflected in ground-water levels and spring flows. A decreasing trend in ground-water levels was detected in the Weeki Wachee well (1966-98), but the trend was statistically weak. At current ground-water withdrawal rates, there is no discernible affect on ground-water levels and spring flows. Sporadic data records, lack of continuous data, and inconsistent periods of record among the hydrologic components impeded analysis of long-term changes to the hydrologic system and interrelations among components. The ongoing collection of hydrologic data from index sites could provide much needed information to assess the hydrologic factors affecting the quantity and quality of spring flow in the Coastal Springs Ground-Water Basin.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri014230","usgsCitation":"Knochenmus, L.A., and Yobbi, D.K., 2001, Hydrology of the coastal springs ground-water basin and adjacent parts of Pasco, Hernando, and Citrus Counties, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4230, vi, 88 p. : col. ill., col. maps ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014230.","productDescription":"vi, 88 p. : col. ill., col. maps ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":162806,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3864,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://fl.water.usgs.gov/Abstracts/wri01_4230_knochenmus.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb899","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knochenmus, Lari A. lari@usgs.gov","contributorId":301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knochenmus","given":"Lari","email":"lari@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":230862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yobbi, Dann K.","contributorId":15247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yobbi","given":"Dann","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":45043,"text":"wri014053 - 2001 - Hydrology of C-3 watershed, Seney National Wildlife Refuge, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-25T15:28:08","indexId":"wri014053","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4053","title":"Hydrology of C-3 watershed, Seney National Wildlife Refuge, Michigan","docAbstract":"Proposed changes to watershed management practices near C-3 Pool at Seney National Wildlife Refuge will affect surface-water flow patterns, ground-water levels, and possibly local plant communities. Data were collected between fall 1998 and spring 2000 to document existing conditions and to assess potential changes in hydrology that might occur as a consequence of modifications to water management practices in C-3 watershed.
Minimum and maximum measured inflows and outflows for the study period are presented in light of proposed management changes to C-3 watershed. Streamflows ranged from 0 to 8.61 cubic meters per second. Low or zero flow was generally measured in late summer and early fall, and highest flows were measured during spring runoff and winter rain events. Ground-water levels varied by about a half meter, with levels closest to or above the land surface during spring runoff into the early summer, and with levels generally below land surface during late fall into early winter.
A series of optional management practices that could conserve and restore habitat of the C-3 watershed is described. Modifications to the existing system of a drainage ditch and control structures are examined, as are the possibilities of reconnecting streams to their historical channels and the construction of additional or larger control structures to further manage the distribution of water in the watershed. The options considered could reduce erosion, restore presettlement streamflow conditions, and modify the ground-water gradient.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Lansing, MI","doi":"10.3133/wri014053","usgsCitation":"Sweat, M.J., 2001, Hydrology of C-3 watershed, Seney National Wildlife Refuge, Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4053, PHP Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014053.","productDescription":"PHP Document","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":170781,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3904,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri014053","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Seney National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -86.11495971679688, 46.34266158311293 ], [ -86.26155853271484, 46.34289859337118 ], [ -86.26327514648438, 46.23067803830134 ], [ -86.22379302978514, 46.230440541999506 ], [ -86.22379302978514, 46.226877974151705 ], [ -86.13590240478516, 46.227115485868595 ], [ -86.13624572753906, 46.15938305533438 ], [ -86.01093292236328, 46.158431830697126 ], [ -86.01093292236328, 46.16390114779357 ], [ -86.00715637207031, 46.16556561464647 ], [ -86.00578308105469, 46.1760268245766 ], [ -86.0006332397461, 46.17650228684226 ], [ -86.0006332397461, 46.18315832690901 ], [ -85.98793029785156, 46.18363372751015 ], [ -85.98861694335938, 46.186486044787195 ], [ -85.98037719726562, 46.18696141661177 ], [ -85.98072052001953, 46.19432915420975 ], [ -85.97488403320312, 46.19456680672094 ], [ -85.9741973876953, 46.21690155405162 ], [ -85.97145080566406, 46.21713910893101 ], [ -85.97179412841797, 46.219752144776876 ], [ -85.96012115478516, 46.21903951096931 ], [ -85.95977783203125, 46.21737666278269 ], [ -85.93196868896484, 46.21642644120982 ], [ -85.9299087524414, 46.21998968732403 ], [ -85.9292221069336, 46.225215363358814 ], [ -85.92887878417969, 46.231153027822046 ], [ -85.92887878417969, 46.23352791376573 ], [ -85.9292221069336, 46.23946467902409 ], [ -85.93471527099608, 46.23946467902409 ], [ -85.93746185302734, 46.23946467902409 ], [ -85.93952178955078, 46.24183920528805 ], [ -85.92819213867188, 46.24658794952197 ], [ -85.92887878417969, 46.250624058927734 ], [ -85.92819213867188, 46.25988224656725 ], [ -85.92681884765624, 46.28290224282112 ], [ -85.93677520751953, 46.29808539982842 ], [ -85.94295501708983, 46.29903420739236 ], [ -85.94364166259766, 46.302829273239304 ], [ -85.94913482666016, 46.302829273239304 ], [ -85.94879150390625, 46.31658418182218 ], [ -85.95256805419922, 46.3177697879667 ], [ -85.95359802246094, 46.32488288538415 ], [ -86.11564636230469, 46.32464579703593 ], [ -86.11495971679688, 46.34266158311293 ] ] ] } } ] }\n","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db604b0e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sweat, Michael J. mjsweat@usgs.gov","contributorId":356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sweat","given":"Michael","email":"mjsweat@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":45050,"text":"wri20014083 - 2001 - Surface-water, water-quality, and ground-water assessment of the Municipio of Comerio, Puerto Rico, 1997-99","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:16","indexId":"wri20014083","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4083","title":"Surface-water, water-quality, and ground-water assessment of the Municipio of Comerio, Puerto Rico, 1997-99","docAbstract":"To meet the increasing need for a safe and adequate supply of water in the municipio of Comerio, an integrated surface-water, water-quality, and ground-water assessment of the area was conducted. The major results of this study and other important hydrologic and water-quality features were compiled in a Geographic Information System, and are presented in two 1:30,000-scale map plates to facilitate interpretation and use of the diverse water-resource data. \r\n\r\nBecause the supply of safe drinking water was a critical issue during recent dry periods, the surface-water assessment portion of this study focused on analysis of low-flow characteristics in local streams and rivers. Low-flow characteristics were evaluated at one continuous-record gaging station based on graphical curve-fitting techniques and log-Pearson Type III frequency curves. Estimates of low-flow characteristics for 13 partial-record stations were generated using graphical-correlation techniques. Flow-duration characteristics for the continuous- and partial-record stations were estimated using the relation curves developed for the low-flow study. Stream low-flow statistics document the general hydrology under current land- and water-use conditions. \r\n\r\nA sanitary quality survey of streams utilized 24 sampling stations to evaluate about 84 miles of stream channels with drainage to or within the municipio of Comerio. River and stream samples for fecal coliform and fecal streptococcus analyses were collected on two occasions at base-flow conditions to evaluate the sanitary quality of streams. Bacteriological analyses indicate that about 27 miles of stream reaches within the municipio of Comerio may have fecal coliform bacteria concentrations above the water-quality goal established by the Puerto Rico Environmental Quality Board (Junta de Calidad Ambiental de Puerto Rico) for inland surface waters. Sources of fecal contamination may include illegal discharge of sewage to storm-water drains, malfunction of sanitary sewer ejectors, clogged and leaking sewage pipes, septic tank leakage, unfenced livestock, runoff from livestock pens, and seepage from pits containing animal wastes. Long-term fecal coliform data at two sampling stations on the Rio de la Plata indicate that since 1984, the geometric mean of five consecutive samples commonly has been at or below 2,000 colonies per 100 milliliters (established as the sanitary quality goal in Puerto Rico for Class SD type waters). At the sampling station upstream of Comerio, the geometric mean concentration has been near 500 colonies per 100 milliliters; downstream of the town of Comerio, the geometric mean concentration has been near 2,000 colonies per 100 milliliters concentration. The data at these stations also indicate that fecal coliform concentrations increase commonly above 2,000 colonies per 100 milliliters during storm-runoff events, ranging from 1,000 to 100,000 colonies per 100 milliliters at both stations. \r\n\r\nGeologic, topographic, soil, hydrogeologic, and streamflow data were used to divide the municipio of Comerio into five hydrogeologic terranes. The integrated database was then used to evaluate the ground-water development potential of each hydrogeologic terrane. Analysis suggests that areas with slopes greater than 15 degrees have relatively low ground-water development potential. Fractures may be important locally in enhancing the water-bearing properties in the hydrogeologic terranes containing igneous rocks. \r\n\r\nThe integrated hydrogeologic approach used in this study can serve as an important tool for regulatory agencies of Puerto Rico and the municipio of Comerio to evaluate the ground-water resource development potential, examine ground- and surface-water interaction, and determine the effect of land-use practices on ground-water quantity and quality. \r\n\r\nStream low-flow statistics document the general hydrology under current land and water uses. Low-flow characteristics may substantially change as a re","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri20014083","collaboration":"In cooperation with the\r\nMUNICIPIO OF COMERIO, PUERTO RICO, OFFICE OF THE MAYOR","usgsCitation":"Rodríguez-Martínez, J., Gómez-Gómez, F., Santiago-Rivera, L., and Oliveras-Feliciano, M., 2001, Surface-water, water-quality, and ground-water assessment of the Municipio of Comerio, Puerto Rico, 1997-99: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4083, v, 41 p. : map ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20014083.","productDescription":"v, 41 p. : map ; 28 cm.","temporalStart":"1997-01-01","temporalEnd":"1999-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":170972,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9254,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri01-4083/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 67.25,17.75 ], [ 67.25,18.50 ], [ 66.75,18.50 ], [ 66.75,17.75 ], [ 67.25,17.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a628","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodríguez-Martínez, Jesús","contributorId":48149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodríguez-Martínez","given":"Jesús","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gómez-Gómez, Fernando","contributorId":31366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gómez-Gómez","given":"Fernando","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Santiago-Rivera, Luis","contributorId":83888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Santiago-Rivera","given":"Luis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Oliveras-Feliciano, M. L.","contributorId":54959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oliveras-Feliciano","given":"M. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":45063,"text":"wri20004241 - 2001 - Relation of shallow water quality in the Central Oklahoma Aquifer to geology, soils, and land use","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-26T16:31:05","indexId":"wri20004241","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4241","displayTitle":"Relation of Shallow Water Quality in the Central Oklahoma Aquifer to Geology, Soils, and Land Use","title":"Relation of shallow water quality in the Central Oklahoma Aquifer to geology, soils, and land use","docAbstract":"The purpose of this report is to identify, describe, and explain relations between natural and land-use factors and ground-water quality in the Central Oklahoma aquifer NAWQA study unit. Natural factors compared to water quality included the geologic unit in which the sampled wells were completed and the properties of soils in the areas surrounding the wells. Land-use factors included types of land use and population densities surrounding sampled wells. Ground-water quality was characterized by concentrations of inorganic constituents, and by frequencies of detection of volatile organic compounds and pesticides. Water-quality data were from samples collected from wells 91 meters (300 feet) or less in depth as part of Permian and Quaternary geologic unit survey networks and from an urban survey network.\r\n\r\nConcentrations of many inorganic constituents were significantly related to geology. In addition, concentrations of many inorganic constituents were greater in water from wells from the Oklahoma City urban sampling network than in water from wells from low-density survey networks designed to evaluate ambient water quality in the Central Oklahoma aquifer study unit. However, sampling bias may have been induced by differences in hydrogeologic factors between sampling networks, limiting the ability to determine land-use effects on concentrations of inorganic constituents.\r\n\r\nFrequencies of detection of pesticide and volatile organic compounds (VOC's) in ground-water samples were related to land use and population density, with these compounds being more frequently detected in densely-populated areas. Geology and soil properties were not significantly correlated to pesticide or VOC occurrence in ground water. Lesser frequencies of detection of pesticides in water from wells in rural areas may be due to low to moderate use of those compounds on agricultural lands in the study unit, with livestock production being the primary agricultural activity. There are many possible sources of pesticides and VOC's in the urban areas of Central Oklahoma. Because only existing water-supply wells were sampled, it is not clear from the data collected whether pesticides and VOC's: (1) occur in low concentrations throughout upper portions of the aquifer in urban areas, or (2) are present in ground water only in the immediate vicinity of the wells due to back-flow of those chemicals into the wells or to inflow around cement seals and through gravel packs surrounding well casings of surface runoff containing those compounds.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri20004241","collaboration":"Contribution from the National Water Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Rea, A.H., Christenson, S.C., and Andrews, W.J., 2001, Relation of shallow water quality in the Central Oklahoma Aquifer to geology, soils, and land use: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4241, vi, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20004241.","productDescription":"vi, 31 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":11684,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/wri004241/pdf/wrir00-4241.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":167922,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.75,34.75 ], [ -97.75,36 ], [ -96.75,36 ], [ -96.75,34.75 ], [ -97.75,34.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a25e4b07f02db60ec67","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rea, Alan H. ahrea@usgs.gov","contributorId":1813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rea","given":"Alan","email":"ahrea@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":231030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christenson, Scott C. schris@usgs.gov","contributorId":980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christenson","given":"Scott","email":"schris@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":231029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Andrews, William J. 0000-0003-4780-8835 wandrews@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4780-8835","contributorId":328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"William","email":"wandrews@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":231028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":50396,"text":"ofr01140 - 2001 - Lead-rich sediments, Coeur d'Alene River Valley, Idaho: area, volume, tonnage, and lead content","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:15","indexId":"ofr01140","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-140","title":"Lead-rich sediments, Coeur d'Alene River Valley, Idaho: area, volume, tonnage, and lead content","docAbstract":"In north Idaho, downstream from the Coeur d?Alene (CdA) silver-lead-zinc\r\nmining district, lead-rich sediments, containing at least 1,000 ppm of lead, cover\r\napproximately 61 km2 (or 73 percent) of the 84-km2 floor of the CdA River valley, from\r\nthe confluence of its North and South Forks to the top of its delta-front slope, in CdA\r\nLake. Concentrations of lead (Pb) in surface sediments range from 15 to about 38,500\r\nppm, and average 3,370 ppm, which is 112 times the mean background concentration (30\r\nppm) of Pb in uncontaminated sediments of the CdA and St. Joe River valleys.\r\nMost of the highest concentrations of Pb are in sediments within or near the river\r\nchannel, or near the base of the stratigraphic section of Pb-rich sediments. Ranges of Pb\r\nconcentration in Pb-rich sediments gradually decrease with increasing distance from the\r\nriver and its distributaries. Ranges of thickness of Pb-rich sediments generally decrease\r\nabruptly with increasing distance from the river, from about 3 + 3 m in the river channel\r\nto about 1 + 1m on upland riverbanks, levees and sand splays, to about 0.3 + 0.3 m in\r\nback-levee marshes and lateral lakes. Thickness of Pb-rich dredge spoils (removed from\r\nthe river and deposited on Cataldo-Mission Flats) is mostly in the range 4 + 4 m, thinning\r\naway from an outfall zone north and west of the river, near the formerly dredged channel\r\nreach near Cataldo Landing. We attribute lateral variation in ranges of thickness and Pb\r\ncontent of Pb-rich sediments to the dynamic balance between decreasing floodwater flow\r\nvelocity with increasing distance from the river and the quantity, size, density, and Pb\r\ncontent of particles mobilized, transported, and deposited.\r\nWe present alternative median- and mean-based estimates of the volume of Pbrich\r\nsediments, their wet and dry tonnage, and their tonnage of contained Pb. We\r\ncalculate separate pairs of estimates for 23 Estimation Units, each of which corresponds\r\nto a major depositional environment, divided into down-valley segments. We favor\r\nmedian-based estimates of the thickness and thickness-interval weighted-average Pb\r\nconcentration, because uncommonly thick and Pb-rich sections may excessively\r\ninfluence mean estimates. Nevertheless, data from partial sections of Pb-rich sediments\r\nare included in most estimates, and these tend to reduce both median- and mean-based\r\nestimates.\r\nMedian-based estimates indicate a volume of 32 M m3 of Pb-rich sediments in the\r\nCdA River valley, with a dry tonnage of 47 + 4 M t, containing 250 + 75 kt of Pb\r\n(considering analytical uncertainties only). An equivalent tonnage of dry CdA River\r\nvalley sediments of the pre-mining era, with the mean background concentration of 30\r\nppm of Pb, would contain about 1.4 kt of Pb. Thus, the amount of Pb added to CdA River\r\nvalley sediments deposited since the onset of mining is estimated as 249 + 75 kt of Pb, or\r\nabout 99.5 percent of the estimated Pb contained. Of an estimated 850 + 10 kt of Pb lost\r\nto streams as a result of mining-related activities, an estimated total of 739 + 319 kt of Pb\r\nhas been deposited in sediments of the South Fork drainage basin, the CdA River valley,\r\nand the bottom of CdA Lake (combined). Based on mid-range values from a set of\r\npreferred estimates with uncertainty ranges up to + 50 percent, roughly 24 percent of the\r\n850 + 10 kt of mining-derived Pb lost to streams has been added to sediments of the\r\nSouth Fork drainage basin, 29 percent to sediments of the CdA River valley floor, and 34\r\npercent to sediments on the bottom of CdA Lake. This amounts to roughly 87 percent of\r\nthe Pb lost to streams, not including Pb contained in sediments of the North Fork drainage basin and the Spokane River valley, the tonnages of which have not yet\r\nestimated.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr01140","usgsCitation":"Bookstrom, A.A., Box, S.E., Campbell, J.K., Foster, K.I., and Jackson, B.L., 2001, Lead-rich sediments, Coeur d'Alene River Valley, Idaho: area, volume, tonnage, and lead content: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-140, 79 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01140.","productDescription":"79 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":175596,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4192,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/of01-140/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8636","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bookstrom, Arthur A. 0000-0003-1336-3364 abookstrom@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1336-3364","contributorId":1542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bookstrom","given":"Arthur","email":"abookstrom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5056,"text":"Office of the AD Energy and Minerals, and Environmental Health","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Box, Stephen E. 0000-0002-5268-8375 sbox@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5268-8375","contributorId":1843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Box","given":"Stephen","email":"sbox@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Campbell, Julie K.","contributorId":43026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Julie","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Foster, Kathryn I.","contributorId":35388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"Kathryn","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jackson, Berne L.","contributorId":80719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"Berne","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":44589,"text":"wri014172 - 2001 - Model simulation of the Manasquan water-supply system in Monmouth County, New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:58","indexId":"wri014172","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4172","title":"Model simulation of the Manasquan water-supply system in Monmouth County, New Jersey","docAbstract":"Model simulation of the Manasquan Water Supply System in Monmouth County, New Jersey, was completed using historic hydrologic data to evaluate the effects of operational and withdrawal alternatives on the Manasquan reservoir and pumping system. Changes in the system operations can be simulated with the model using precipitation forecasts.\r\n\r\nThe Manasquan Reservoir system model operates by using daily streamflow values, which were reconstructed from historical U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging station records. The model is able to run in two modes--General Risk analysis Model (GRAM) and Position Analysis Model (POSA). The GRAM simulation procedure uses reconstructed historical streamflow records to provide probability estimates of certain events, such as reservoir storage levels declining below a specific level, when given an assumed set of operating rules and withdrawal rates. POSA can be used to forecast the likelihood of specified outcomes, such as streamflows falling below statutory passing flows, associated with a specific working plan for the water-supply system over a period of months. \r\n\r\nThe user can manipulate the model and generate graphs and tables of streamflows and storage, for example. This model can be used as a management tool to facilitate the development of drought warning and drought emergency rule curves and safe yield values for the water-supply system.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri014172","usgsCitation":"Chang, M., Tasker, G.D., and Nieswand, S., 2001, Model simulation of the Manasquan water-supply system in Monmouth County, New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4172, v, 46 p. : ill., map ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014172.","productDescription":"v, 46 p. : ill., map ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":14525,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/wri01-4172/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":203854,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -74.38333333333334,40.06666666666667 ], [ -74.38333333333334,40.333333333333336 ], [ -74,40.333333333333336 ], [ -74,40.06666666666667 ], [ -74.38333333333334,40.06666666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a00e4b07f02db5f7ce5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chang, Ming","contributorId":80318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chang","given":"Ming","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tasker, Gary D.","contributorId":95035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tasker","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nieswand, Steven","contributorId":34212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nieswand","given":"Steven","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":44877,"text":"wri20014267 - 2001 - Surface-water, water-quality, and ground-water assessment of the Municipio of Carolina, Puerto Rico, 1997-99","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:14","indexId":"wri20014267","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4267","title":"Surface-water, water-quality, and ground-water assessment of the Municipio of Carolina, Puerto Rico, 1997-99","docAbstract":"To meet the increasing need for a safe and adequate supply of water in the municipio of Carolina, an integrated surface-water, water-quality, and ground-water assessment of the area was conducted. The major results of this study and other important hydrologic and water-quality features were compiled in a Geographic Information System and are presented in two 1:30,000-scale map plates to facilitate interpretation and use of the diverse water-resources data. \r\n\r\nBecause the supply of safe drinking water was a critical issue during recent dry periods, the surface-water assessment portion of this study focused on analysis of low-flow characteristics in local streams and rivers. Low-flow characteristics were evaluated for one continuous-record gaging station, based on graphical curve-fitting techniques and log-Pearson Type III frequency analysis. Estimates of low-flow characteristics for seven partial-record stations were generated using graphical-correlation techniques. Flow-duration characteristics were computed for the one continuous-record gaging station and were estimated for the partial-record stations using the relation curves developed from the low-flow study. Stream low-flow statistics document the general hydrology under current land and water use. Low-flow statistics may substantially change as a result of streamflow diversions for public supply, and an increase in ground-water development, waste-water discharges, and flood-control measures; the current analysis provides baseline information to evaluate these impacts and develop water budgets. \r\n\r\nA sanitary quality survey of streams utilized 29 sampling stations to evaluate the sanitary quality of about 87 miles of stream channels. River and stream samples were collected on two occasions during base-flow conditions and were analyzed for fecal coliform and fecal streptococcus. Bacteriological analyses indicate that a significant portion of the stream reaches within the municipio of Carolina may have fecal coliform concentrations above the water-quality goal established by the Puerto Rico Environmental Quality Board (Junta de Calidad Ambiental de Puerto Rico) for inland surface waters. Sources of fecal contamination may include: illegal discharge of sewage to storm-water drains, malfunctioning sanitary sewer ejectors, clogged and leaking sewage pipes, septic tank leakage, unfenced livestock, and runoff from livestock pens. Long-term fecal coliform data at two sampling stations, Quebrada Blasina in Carolina and the Rio Grande de Loiza, downstream from the town of Trujillo Alto, indicate that the sanitary quality of Quebrada Blasina is and has generally been poor for more than a decade. The sanitary quality of the Rio Grande de Loiza has generally been in compliance with the water-quality goal standard fecal coliform concentrations established in July 1990 by the Puerto Rico Environmental Quality Board. \r\n\r\nGeologic, topographic, soil, hydrogeologic, and streamflow data were used to divide the municipio of Carolina into five hydrogeologic terranes. This integrated database was then used to evaluate the ground-water potential of each hydrogeologic terrane. Analysis suggests that areas with slopes greater than 15 degrees have relatively low ground-water development potential. Fractures may be locally important in enhancing the water-bearing properties in the hydrogeologic terranes containing igneous rocks. Potentiometric-surface elevations recorded in piezometers installed in the coastal area during this study were used to define ground-water flow directions in the hydrogeologic terranes composed of coastal plain clastic and limestone units. The resultant potentiometric map indicates that the coastal plain aquifer and streams in the lowland parts of the municipio of Carolina are hydraulically connected. The potentiometric map also indicates that ground-water discharge to the Rio Grande de Loiza, downstream from highway PR-3, has been enhanced by dredging of the streambed for ","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri20014267","collaboration":"In cooperation with the\r\nMUNICIPIO AUTONOMO DE CAROLINA, PUERTO RICO\r\nOFFICE OF THE MAYOR","usgsCitation":"Rodríguez-Martínez, J., Gómez-Gómez, F., Santiago-Rivera, L., and Oliveras-Feliciano, M., 2001, Surface-water, water-quality, and ground-water assessment of the Municipio of Carolina, Puerto Rico, 1997-99: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4267, v, 45 p. : col. ill., maps (some col.) ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20014267.","productDescription":"v, 45 p. : col. ill., maps (some col.) ; 28 cm.","temporalStart":"1997-01-01","temporalEnd":"1999-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134788,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9211,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri01-4267/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 66.00,18.29 ], [ 66.00,18.46 ], [ 65.88,18.46 ], [ 65.88,18.29 ], [ 66.00,18.29 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a61a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodríguez-Martínez, Jesús","contributorId":48149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodríguez-Martínez","given":"Jesús","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gómez-Gómez, Fernando","contributorId":31366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gómez-Gómez","given":"Fernando","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Santiago-Rivera, Luis","contributorId":83888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Santiago-Rivera","given":"Luis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Oliveras-Feliciano, M. L.","contributorId":54959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oliveras-Feliciano","given":"M. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":54208,"text":"wdrTX001 - 2001 - Water resources data Texas, water year 2000, volume 1. Arkansas River basin, Red River basin, Sabine River basin, Neches River basin, and intervening coastal basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-07T11:15:53","indexId":"wdrTX001","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"TX-00-1","title":"Water resources data Texas, water year 2000, volume 1. Arkansas River basin, Red River basin, Sabine River basin, Neches River basin, and intervening coastal basins","docAbstract":"Water-resources data for the 2000 water year for Texas are presented in six volumes, and consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams and canals; stage, contents, and water-quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water quality of ground-water wells. Volume 1 contains records for water discharge at 68 gaging stations; stage only at 3 gaging stations; stage and contents at 37 lakes and reservoirs; water quality at 39 gaging stations; and data for 9 partial-record stations comprised of 6 flood-hydrograph and 3 low-flow stations. Also included are lists of discontinued surface-water discharge or stage-only stations and discontinued surface-water-quality stations. Additional water data were collected at various sites, not part of the systematic data-collection program, and are published as miscellaneous measurements. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating Federal, State, and local agencies in Texas. Records for a few pertinent stations in the bordering States also are included.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrTX001","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Texas and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Gandara, S., Gibbons, W., and Barbie, D., 2001, Water resources data Texas, water year 2000, volume 1. Arkansas River basin, Red River basin, Sabine River basin, Neches River basin, and intervening coastal basins: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report TX-00-1, HTML Document; Report: xxxi, 445 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrTX001.","productDescription":"HTML Document; Report: xxxi, 445 p.","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":181107,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":334545,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/WDR-TX-00-1/pdf/VOL1-2000.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.87 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":5321,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wdrtx001/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -103.07373046875,\n 36.527294814546245\n ],\n [\n -100.01953125,\n 36.527294814546245\n ],\n [\n -100.01953125,\n 34.63320791137959\n ],\n [\n -99.73388671874999,\n 34.470335121217474\n ],\n [\n -99.49218749999999,\n 34.45221847282654\n ],\n [\n -99.36035156249999,\n 34.470335121217474\n ],\n [\n -99.20654296875,\n 34.361576287484176\n ],\n [\n -99.07470703125,\n 34.23451236236987\n ],\n [\n -98.76708984374999,\n 34.161818161230386\n ],\n [\n -98.5693359375,\n 34.161818161230386\n ],\n [\n -98.23974609375,\n 34.17999758688084\n ],\n [\n -97.998046875,\n 34.08906131584994\n ],\n [\n -97.88818359375,\n 33.96158628979907\n ],\n [\n -97.71240234375,\n 33.97980872872457\n ],\n [\n -97.58056640625,\n 33.925129700072\n ],\n [\n -97.3388671875,\n 33.87041555094183\n ],\n [\n -97.0751953125,\n 33.90689555128866\n ],\n [\n -96.83349609375,\n 33.87041555094183\n ],\n [\n -96.6357421875,\n 33.90689555128866\n ],\n [\n -96.43798828125,\n 33.815666308702774\n ],\n [\n -96.2841796875,\n 33.742612777346885\n ],\n [\n -96.08642578125,\n 33.815666308702774\n ],\n [\n -95.8447265625,\n 33.88865750124075\n ],\n [\n -95.64697265625,\n 33.88865750124075\n ],\n [\n -95.361328125,\n 33.88865750124075\n ],\n [\n -94.9658203125,\n 33.90689555128866\n ],\n [\n -94.81201171875,\n 33.779147331286474\n ],\n [\n -94.482421875,\n 33.61461929233378\n ],\n [\n -94.04296874999999,\n 33.578014746143985\n ],\n [\n -94.04296874999999,\n 32.0639555946604\n ],\n [\n -93.49365234375,\n 31.22219703210317\n ],\n [\n -93.49365234375,\n 30.883369321692268\n ],\n [\n -93.62548828125,\n 30.41078179084589\n ],\n [\n -93.71337890625,\n 30.06909396443887\n ],\n [\n -93.88916015625,\n 29.82158272057499\n ],\n [\n -93.9990234375,\n 29.630771207229\n ],\n [\n -94.3505859375,\n 29.57345707301757\n ],\n [\n -94.6142578125,\n 29.439597566602902\n ],\n [\n -94.94384765625,\n 29.49698759653577\n ],\n [\n -95.25146484374999,\n 29.82158272057499\n ],\n [\n -95.5810546875,\n 30.56226095049944\n ],\n [\n -95.82275390625,\n 31.12819929911196\n ],\n [\n -96.2841796875,\n 31.970803930433096\n ],\n [\n -96.5478515625,\n 32.45415593941475\n ],\n [\n -96.92138671875,\n 32.76880048488168\n ],\n [\n -97.36083984375,\n 32.95336814579932\n ],\n [\n -97.998046875,\n 32.97180377635759\n ],\n [\n -98.76708984374999,\n 32.97180377635759\n ],\n [\n -99.51416015625,\n 32.97180377635759\n ],\n [\n -100.39306640625,\n 32.93492866908233\n ],\n [\n -101.1181640625,\n 33.04550781490999\n ],\n [\n -102.10693359375,\n 33.33970700424026\n ],\n [\n -102.63427734374999,\n 33.779147331286474\n ],\n [\n -103.07373046875,\n 34.34343606848294\n ],\n [\n -103.07373046875,\n 36.527294814546245\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd34b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gandara, S. C.","contributorId":81116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gandara","given":"S. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gibbons, W.J.","contributorId":29847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibbons","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barbie, D.L.","contributorId":61459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barbie","given":"D.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":44590,"text":"wri014114 - 2001 - Simulations of flooding on the Tennessee River in the vicinity of U.S. Highway 231 near Huntsville, Alabama","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:30","indexId":"wri014114","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4114","title":"Simulations of flooding on the Tennessee River in the vicinity of U.S. Highway 231 near Huntsville, Alabama","docAbstract":"A two-dimensional finite-element surface-water model was used to study the effects of proposed modifications to the U.S. Highway 231 corridor on water-surface elevations and flow distributions during flooding in the Tennessee River Basin south of Huntsville, Madison County, Alabama. Flooding was first simulated for the March 19, 1973, flood for the existing conditions in order to calibrate the model to measured data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) during and after the flood. After model calibration, the effects of flooding were simulated for two scenarios---existing and proposed conditions----for the 100-year and 500-year recurrence intervals. The first scenario was to simulate the existing bridge and highway configuration for the U.S. Highway 231 crossing of the Tennessee River flood plain. The second scenario was to simulate the proposed modifications to this bridge and highway configuration.\r\nThe simulation of floodflow for the Tennessee River flood of March 19, 1973, in the study reach compared closely to discharge measurement and flood profile data obtained during and after the flood. The flood of March 19, 1973, had an estimated peak discharge of 323,000 cubic feet per second and was estimated to be about 50-year flood event.\r\nSimulation of the 100-year floodflow for the Tennessee River for the existing conditions at U.S. Highway 231 indicates that of the peak flow, 92.1 percent (316,500 cubic feet per second) was conveyed by the main channel bridge, 4.0 percent (13,800 cubic feet per second) by the northernmost relief bridge, and 3.8 percent (13,200 cubic feet per second) by the southernmost relief bridge. The water-surface elevation predicted in the vicinity of the USGS gaging station was 576.91 feet. No overtopping of U.S. Highway 231 occurrec. For the 500-year flood, the simulation indicates that of the peak flow, 89.2 percent (359,000) cubic feet per second) was conveyed by the main channel bridge, 5.6 percent (22,600 cubic feet per second) by the northernmost relieft bridge, and 5.2 percent (20,900 cubic feet per second) by the southernmost relief bridge. The water-surface elevation predicted in the vicinity of the USGS gaging station was 580.91 feet. No overtopping of U.S. Highway 231 occurred; however, the girders of both relief bridges were partially submerged.\r\nSimulation of the 100-year floodflow for the Tennessee River for the proposed conditions indicates that of the peak flow, 93.2 percent (319,800 cubic feet per second) was conveyed by the proposed main channel bridge, 3.3 percent (11,400 cubic feet per second) by the proposed northernmost relief bridge, and 3.4 percent (11,800 cubic feet per second) by the proposed southernmost relief bridge. The water-surface elevation predicted in the vicinity of the USGS gaging station was 576.93 feet. No overtopping of U.S. Highway 231 occurred. For the 500-year flood, the simulation indicates that of the peak flow, 90.9 percent (365,400 cubic feet per second) was conveyed by the proposed main channel bridge, 4.3 percnet (17,300 cubic feet per second) by the proposed northernmost relief bridge, and 4.8 percent (19,400 cubic feet per second) by the proposed southernmost relief bridge. The water-surface elevation predicted in the vidinity of the USGS gaging station was 580.93 feet. No overtopping of U.S. Highway 231 occurred; however, the girders of both relief bridges were partially submerged.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri014114","usgsCitation":"Hedgecock, T.S., 2001, Simulations of flooding on the Tennessee River in the vicinity of U.S. Highway 231 near Huntsville, Alabama: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4114, iv, 30 p. : col. maps ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014114.","productDescription":"iv, 30 p. : col. maps ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":99304,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4114/report.pdf","size":"9708","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":172443,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4114/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602b7d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hedgecock, T. Scott","contributorId":20783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hedgecock","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":54209,"text":"wdrCO001 - 2001 - Water Resources Data, Colorado, Water Year 2000--Volume 1. Missouri River Basin, Arkansas River Basin, and Rio Grande Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:59","indexId":"wdrCO001","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"CO-00-1","title":"Water Resources Data, Colorado, Water Year 2000--Volume 1. Missouri River Basin, Arkansas River Basin, and Rio Grande Basin","docAbstract":"Water-resources data for Colorado for the 2000 water year consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs; meteorological data; and water levels and water quality of wells and springs. This report (Volumes 1 and 2) contains discharge records for 305 gaging stations, stage and contents of 15 lakes and reservoirs, discharge measurements for 1 partial-record low-flow station and 1 miscellaneous site, peak-flow information for 22 crest-stage partial-record stations; water quality for 102 gaging stations and for 7 lakes and reservoirs, supplemental water quality for 185 gaged sites; water quality for 141 miscellaneous sites and 14 observation wells; water levels for 4 observation wells, and meteorological data for 45 sites. Three pertinent stations operated by bordering States also are included in this report. The records were collected and computed by the Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey under the direction of W.F. Horak, District Chief. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wdrCO001","usgsCitation":"Crowfoot, R., Unruh, J., Steger, R., and O’Neill, G.B., 2001, Water Resources Data, Colorado, Water Year 2000--Volume 1. Missouri River Basin, Arkansas River Basin, and Rio Grande Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report CO-00-1, 498 p.; 2 figs., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrCO001.","productDescription":"498 p.; 2 figs.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":5322,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/WDRCO001/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":181108,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fbda8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crowfoot, R.M.","contributorId":6116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crowfoot","given":"R.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Unruh, J.W.","contributorId":105756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Unruh","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Steger, R.D.","contributorId":78008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steger","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"O’Neill, G. B.","contributorId":72450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neill","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":58065,"text":"wri014162 - 2001 - Nutrient and suspended-sediment concentrations and loads and benthic-invertebrate data for tributaries to the St. Croix River, Wisconsin and Minnesota, 1997-99","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-06T12:32:16","indexId":"wri014162","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4162","title":"Nutrient and suspended-sediment concentrations and loads and benthic-invertebrate data for tributaries to the St. Croix River, Wisconsin and Minnesota, 1997-99","docAbstract":"Nutrient and suspended-sediment data were collected on major tributaries to the St. Croix River during 1997-99 as part of three studies. The first study, done in 1997 as part of the U.S. Geological Survey?s National Water-Quality Assessment Program Upper Mississippi Study Unit, was a widespread synoptic survey of nutrient and suspended-sediment concentrations, loads, and yields during snowmelt. Runoff from snowmelt in agricultural areas and other areas with low permeability soils had significantly greater nutrient concentrations than forested areas, whereas differences in suspended-sediment loading were not detected. In 1998, synoptic samplings of 11 tributaries were done during snowmelt, base-flow, and storm-runoff periods. These studies showed that the Apple, Willow, and Kinnickinnic Rivers were major contributors of suspended sediments and nutrients to the St. Croix River during base flow and storm-runoff events. Nitrate concentrations were high during base flow in the agricultural tributaries?specifically, the Kinnickinnic (4.83 mg/L), Willow (1.53 mg/L), and Apple (0.79 mg/L) Rivers?possibly from ground-water recharge or point-source contributions. Extensive water-quality sampling was done monthly and during high-flow events in water year 1999 (October 1, 1998 to September 30, 1999) in coordination with continuous streamflow monitoring at 12 sites in the St. Croix River Basin. These data were used to compute annual nutrient and suspended-sediment loads and yields at the monitored sites for water year 1999. Relations among environmental characteristics and calculated annual nutrient and suspended-sediment yields were used to estimate loading from unmonitored parts of the basin. The environmental characteristics found to best estimate annual yields were soil characteristics (clay, permeability of soil, and erodibility), basin slope and area, and the percentages of wetland and urban areas in the basins. Variability in 1999 rainfall intensity resulted in annual yields from several northern, forested basins being higher than those from the southern, agricultural basins. The Sunrise River had the highest annual suspended-sediment and nutrient yields in the basin in 1999. Concentrations and instantaneous loading rates varied as much among various flow conditions at individual sites as among sites during the three years of study.
\nBenthic invertebrates were sampled and indices of water quality were calculated at 16 tributaries in fall 1999. Benthic invertebrate indices indicated excellent to good water quality at all tributaries except Valley Creek, Willow River, and Kettle River. No relations were found between benthic invertebrate indices and the calculated and estimated 1999 annual tributary loads and yields.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri014162","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service, Minnesota-Wisconsin Boundary Area Commission, St. Croix County, and Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Lenz, B.N., Robertson, D.M., Fallon, J.D., and Ferrin, R., 2001, Nutrient and suspended-sediment concentrations and loads and benthic-invertebrate data for tributaries to the St. Croix River, Wisconsin and Minnesota, 1997-99: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4162, vi, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014162.","productDescription":"vi, 57 p.","numberOfPages":"70","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":123450,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4162/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":5992,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://wi.water.usgs.gov/pubs/wrir-01-4162/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":88305,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4162/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"St. Croix River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.834228515625,\n 44.040218713142146\n ],\n [\n -93.834228515625,\n 46.057985244793024\n ],\n [\n -91.12060546875,\n 46.057985244793024\n ],\n [\n -91.12060546875,\n 44.040218713142146\n ],\n [\n -93.834228515625,\n 44.040218713142146\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b19e4b07f02db6a7edd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lenz, Bernard N.","contributorId":85170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lenz","given":"Bernard","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":258260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robertson, Dale M. 0000-0001-6799-0596 dzrobert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-0596","contributorId":150760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Dale","email":"dzrobert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":258258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fallon, James D. jfallon@usgs.gov","contributorId":3417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fallon","given":"James","email":"jfallon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":258259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ferrin, Randy","contributorId":100688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrin","given":"Randy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":45011,"text":"wri014103 - 2001 - Irrigation drainage studies of the Angostura Reclamation Unit and the Belle Fourche Reclamation Project, western South Dakota: Results of 1994 sampling and comparisons with 1988 data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-09T22:24:45.098802","indexId":"wri014103","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4103","title":"Irrigation drainage studies of the Angostura Reclamation Unit and the Belle Fourche Reclamation Project, western South Dakota: Results of 1994 sampling and comparisons with 1988 data","docAbstract":"The U.S. Department of the Interior started the National Irrigation Water Quality Program in 1985 to identify the nature and extent of irrigation-induced water-quality problems that might exist in the western U.S. The Angostura Reclamation Unit (ARU) and Belle Fourche Reclamation Project (BFRP) in western South Dakota were included as part of this program. The ARU and BFRP reconnaissance studies were initiated in 1988, during below-normal streamflow conditions in both study areas. Surface water, bottom sediment, and fish were resampled in 1994 at selected sites in both study areas during generally near-normal streamflow conditions to compare with 1988 study results.\r\n\r\nConcentrations of major ions in water for both the ARU and BFRP study areas are high relative to national baseline levels. Major-ion concentrations for both areas generally are lower for 1994 than for 1988, when low-flow conditions prevailed, but ionic proportions are similar between years. For ARU, dissolved-solids concentrations probably increase slightly downstream from Angostura Reservoir; however, the available data sets are insufficient to confidently discern effects of ARU operations on dissolved-solids loading. For BFRP, dissolved-solids concentrations are slightly higher at sites that are affected by irrigation drainage; again, however, the data are inconclusive to determine whether BFRP operations increase dissolved-solids loading.\r\n\r\nMost trace-element concentrations in water samples for both study areas are similar between 1988 and 1994, and do not show strong relations with discharge. ARU operations probably are not contributing discernible additional loads of trace elements to the Cheyenne River. For BFRP, concentrations of some trace elements are slightly higher at sites downstream from irrigation operations than at a site upstream from irrigation operations. BFRP operations might contribute to trace-element concentrations in the Belle Fourche River, but available data are insufficient to quantify increases. For both study areas, concentrations of several trace elements occasionally exceed National Irrigation Water Quality Program guidelines. Selenium routinely occurs in concentrations that could be problematic at sites upstream and downstream from both study areas. Elevated selenium concentrations at sites upstream from irrigation operations indicate that naturally occurring selenium concentrations are relatively high in and near the study areas. While ARU operations probably do not contribute discernible additional loads of selenium to the Cheyenne River, BFRP operations might contribute additional selenium loads to the Belle Fourche River.\r\n\r\nConcentrations of most trace elements in bottom sediment, except arsenic and selenium, are similar to typical concentrations for western U.S. soils for both study areas. Bottom-sediment arsenic and selenium (1988) concentrations in both study areas can reach levels that might be of concern; however, there is insufficient information to determine whether irrigation operations contribute to these elevated concentrations.\r\n\r\nConcentrations of most trace elements in fish in both study areas are less than values known to adversely affect fish or birds, although there are occasional exceedances of established criteria. However, selenium concentrations in fish samples routinely are within the National Irrigation Water Quality Program level of concern, and also commonly exceed the dietary guideline for avian consumers for both study areas. Selenium concentrations in fish samples generally are higher at sites downstream from irrigation operations. For BFRP, arsenic and mercury concentrations are elevated in fish samples from site B-18, which is influenced by mine tailings.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri014103","usgsCitation":"Sando, S.K., Williamson, J., Dickerson, K.K., and Wesolowski, E.A., 2001, Irrigation drainage studies of the Angostura Reclamation Unit and the Belle Fourche Reclamation Project, western South Dakota: Results of 1994 sampling and comparisons with 1988 data: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4103, iv, 65 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014103.","productDescription":"iv, 65 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":168277,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":411597,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_42104.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":3878,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri014103/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Angostura Reclamation Unit and the Belle Fourche Reclamation Project","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -103.844,\n 43.717\n ],\n [\n -103.844,\n 43.25\n ],\n [\n -102.867,\n 43.25\n ],\n [\n -102.867,\n 43.717\n ],\n [\n -103.844,\n 43.717\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db628120","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sando, Steven K. 0000-0003-1206-1030 sksando@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1206-1030","contributorId":1016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sando","given":"Steven","email":"sksando@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williamson, Joyce E. jewillia@usgs.gov","contributorId":1964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williamson","given":"Joyce E.","email":"jewillia@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":230912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dickerson, Kimberly K.","contributorId":51824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dickerson","given":"Kimberly","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wesolowski, Edwin A.","contributorId":14014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wesolowski","given":"Edwin","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":45013,"text":"wri014113 - 2001 - Use of a watershed-modeling approach to assess hydrologic effects of urbanization, North Fork Pheasant Branch basin near Middleton, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-26T16:18:46","indexId":"wri014113","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4113","title":"Use of a watershed-modeling approach to assess hydrologic effects of urbanization, North Fork Pheasant Branch basin near Middleton, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"The North Fork Pheasant Branch Basin in Dane County, Wisconsin is expected to undergo development. There are concerns that development will adversely affect water resources with increased flood peaks, increased runoff volumes, and increased pollutant loads. To provide a scientific basis for evaluating the hydrologic system response to development the Precipitation Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) was used to model the upper Pheasant Branch Creek watershed with an emphasis on the North Fork Basin. The upper Pheasant Branch Creek (18.3 mi2; 11,700 acres) Basin was represented with 21 Hydrologic Response Units (daily time step) and 50 flow planes (5-minute time steps). Precipitation data from the basin outlet streamflow-gaging station located at Highway 12 and temperature data from a nearby airport were used to drive the model. Continuous discharge records at three gaging stations were used for model calibration. To qualitatively assess model representation of small subbasins, periodic reconnaissance, often including a depth measurement, was made after precipitation to determine the occurrence of flow in ditches and channels from small subbasins. As a further effort to verify the model on a small subbasin scale, continuous-stage sensors (15-minute intervals) measured depth at the outlets of three small subbasins (500 to 1,200 acres). Average annual precipitation for the simulation period from 1993 to 1998 was 35.2 inches. The model simulations showed that, on average, 23.9 inches were intercepted by vegetation, or lost to evapotranspiration, 6.0 inches were infiltrated and moved to the regional ground-water system, and 4.8 inches contributed to the upper Pheasant Branch streamflow. The largest runoff event during the calibration interval was in July 1993 (746 ft3/sec; with a recurrence interval of approximately 25 years). Resulting recharge rates from the calibrated model were subsequently used as input into a ground-water-flow model. Average annual recharge varied spatially from 2.3 inches per year in the highly impervious commercial/industrial area to 9.7 inches per year in the undeveloped North Fork Basin with an average overall recharge rate of 8.1 inches per year. Two development scenarios were examined to assess changes in water-budget fluxes. In scenario A, when development was predominantly low-density residential with 5 to 10 percent commercial development along principal roadways, mean annual streamflow increased by 53 percent, overland flow increased by 84 percent, base flow decreased by 15 percent and annual recharge to the regional ground-water system was reduced by 10 percent. In development scenario B, the entire North Fork and intervening area basins contained 50 percent commercial and 50 percent medium density residential land use. Annual storm runoff increased by over 450 percent. The ground-water model for the Pheasant Branch that used the scenario B recharge rates simulated a lowered water table with zero base flow and that flow from Frederick Springs would be reduced 26 percent from present-day (1993?98) conditions.An additional example application of the model evaluated locations of flood detention ponds and potential recharge areas that may mitigate the changes in flood peaks and ground-water recharge resulting from urbanization. From February 1998 through July 1998, water-quality samples were collected by use of stage-activated automated samplers. Median suspended- sediment concentrations were similar between the North and South Fork Basins (194 and 242 mg/L, respectively); however, for other constituents, North Fork values were considerably higher: median phosphorus concentrations by 4 times (1.5 and 0.35 mg/L), median ammonia concentrations by 13 times (1.9 and 0.14 mg/L), and the phosphorus-to-sediment ratio by more than 6 times (21 and 3.1 mg/g).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri014113","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Middleton, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Steuer, J.J., and Hunt, R.J., 2001, Use of a watershed-modeling approach to assess hydrologic effects of urbanization, North Fork Pheasant Branch basin near Middleton, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4113, vi, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014113.","productDescription":"vi, 49 p.","numberOfPages":"56","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":168392,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4113/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":82258,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4113/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Dane County","city":"Middleton","otherGeospatial":"Pheasant Branch Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.64157104492188,\n 43.00966835007137\n ],\n [\n -89.64157104492188,\n 43.18465184249798\n ],\n [\n -89.50080871582031,\n 43.18465184249798\n ],\n [\n -89.50080871582031,\n 43.00966835007137\n ],\n [\n -89.64157104492188,\n 43.00966835007137\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db6050d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steuer, Jeffrey J.","contributorId":75136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steuer","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hunt, R. J.","contributorId":40164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}