{"pageNumber":"146","pageRowStart":"3625","pageSize":"25","recordCount":37001,"records":[{"id":86220,"text":"ofr20071362 - 2008 - Assessment of 1-chloro-4-[2,2-dichloro-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethenyl]benzene (DDE) transformation rates on the Palos Verdes Shelf, CA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-20T19:20:37.294697","indexId":"ofr20071362","displayToPublicDate":"2008-09-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1362","title":"Assessment of 1-chloro-4-[2,2-dichloro-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethenyl]benzene (DDE) transformation rates on the Palos Verdes Shelf, CA","docAbstract":"In 1953, the world's largest producer of DDT, Montrose Chemical Corporation, began to discharge process wastes into sewers of the Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts (LACSD), California. By 1971, when the sewer connection was terminated, approximately 1,500-2,000 metric tons of DDT had been introduced to the LACSD treatment plant in Carson, CA. After treatment, effluent from this plant was released to the ocean through a submarine outfall system on the Palos Verdes Shelf (PVS) near Los Angeles, resulting in the accumulation of highly contaminated marine sediments. Numerous investigations of the PVS have been undertaken since the late 1960s, but few have focused on the biogeochemical fate of DDT and its transformation products.\r\n\r\nIn the early 1990s, it was shown that DDE, the major DDT compound in the sediments, was being reductively dechlorinated by microorganisms resident in sediments on the PVS. The U.S. Geological Survey undertook a study in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to provide a better understanding of the range of reductive dechlorination rates on the PVS and the environmental factors that control them. Existing data show that rates of reductive dechlorination are variable spatially. A comparison of data from two cores collected approximately 7 kilometers downcurrent from the outfall systems in 1992 and 2003 yielded an average first-order transformation rate of approximately 0.05 yr-1. A multistep reaction model suggests that inventories of DDE in PVS sediments at the study site will continue to decline, whereas the inventory of the metabolite DDNU will reach a maximum around 2014.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071362","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Eganhouse, R., and Pontolillo, J., 2008, Assessment of 1-chloro-4-[2,2-dichloro-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethenyl]benzene (DDE) transformation rates on the Palos Verdes Shelf, CA: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1362, Report: x, 114 p.; 7 Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071362.","productDescription":"Report: x, 114 p.; 7 Appendices","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195311,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11797,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1362/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":404153,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_84443.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Palo Verdes Shelf","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.455,\n              33.68\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.26,\n              33.68\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.26,\n              33.79\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.455,\n              33.79\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.455,\n              33.68\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db6729c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eganhouse, Robert P. eganhous@usgs.gov","contributorId":2031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eganhouse","given":"Robert P.","email":"eganhous@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pontolillo, James jpontoli@usgs.gov","contributorId":2033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pontolillo","given":"James","email":"jpontoli@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":86205,"text":"ofr20081270 - 2008 - Liquefaction hazard maps for three earthquake scenarios for the communities of San Jose, Campbell, Cupertino, Los Altos, Los Gatos, Milpitas, Mountain View, Palo Alto, Santa Clara, Saratoga, and Sunnyvale, Northern Santa Clara County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-18T09:46:49","indexId":"ofr20081270","displayToPublicDate":"2008-09-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1270","title":"Liquefaction hazard maps for three earthquake scenarios for the communities of San Jose, Campbell, Cupertino, Los Altos, Los Gatos, Milpitas, Mountain View, Palo Alto, Santa Clara, Saratoga, and Sunnyvale, Northern Santa Clara County, California","docAbstract":"Maps showing the probability of surface manifestations of liquefaction in the northern Santa Clara Valley were prepared with liquefaction probability curves. The area includes the communities of San Jose, Campbell, Cupertino, Los Altos, Los Gatos Milpitas, Mountain View, Palo Alto, Santa Clara, Saratoga, and Sunnyvale. The probability curves were based on complementary cumulative frequency distributions of the liquefaction potential index (LPI) for surficial geologic units in the study area. LPI values were computed with extensive cone penetration test soundings. Maps were developed for three earthquake scenarios, an M7.8 on the San Andreas Fault comparable to the 1906 event, an M6.7 on the Hayward Fault comparable to the 1868 event, and an M6.9 on the Calaveras Fault. Ground motions were estimated with the Boore and Atkinson (2008) attenuation relation. Liquefaction is predicted for all three events in young Holocene levee deposits along the major creeks. Liquefaction probabilities are highest for the M7.8 earthquake, ranging from 0.33 to 0.37 if a 1.5-m deep water table is assumed, and 0.10 to 0.14 if a 5-m deep water table is assumed. Liquefaction probabilities of the other surficial geologic units are less than 0.05. Probabilities for the scenario earthquakes are generally consistent with observations during historical earthquakes.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081270","usgsCitation":"Holzer, T.L., Noce, T.E., and Bennett, M.J., 2008, Liquefaction hazard maps for three earthquake scenarios for the communities of San Jose, Campbell, Cupertino, Los Altos, Los Gatos, Milpitas, Mountain View, Palo Alto, Santa Clara, Saratoga, and Sunnyvale, Northern Santa Clara County, California (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1270, Report: iii, 29 p.; 3 Plates: 44 x 34 inches or smaller; GIS Files; Google Earth View; CPT Data, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081270.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 29 p.; 3 Plates: 44 x 34 inches or smaller; GIS Files; Google Earth View; CPT Data","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195166,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11782,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1270/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4fc7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holzer, Thomas L. tholzer@usgs.gov","contributorId":2829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holzer","given":"Thomas","email":"tholzer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Noce, Thomas E. tnoce@usgs.gov","contributorId":3174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noce","given":"Thomas","email":"tnoce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bennett, Michael J. mjbennett@usgs.gov","contributorId":2783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"Michael","email":"mjbennett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":86208,"text":"ofr20061339 - 2008 - Water-chemistry data for selected springs, geysers, and streams in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, 2003-2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-06T18:59:26.048241","indexId":"ofr20061339","displayToPublicDate":"2008-09-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1339","title":"Water-chemistry data for selected springs, geysers, and streams in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, 2003-2005","docAbstract":"<p>Water analyses are reported for 157 samples collected from numerous hot springs, their overflow drainages, and Lemonade Creek in Yellowstone National Park (YNP) during 2003–2005. Water samples were collected and analyzed for major and trace constituents from ten areas of YNP including Terrace and Beryl Springs in the Gibbon Canyon area, Norris Geyser Basin, the West Nymph Creek thermal area, the area near Nymph Lake, Hazle Lake, and Frying Pan Spring, Lower Geyser Basin, Washburn Hot Springs, Mammoth Hot Springs, Potts Hot Spring Basin, the Sulphur Caldron area, and Lemonade Creek near the Solfatara Trail. These water samples were collected and analyzed as part of research investigations in YNP on arsenic, antimony, and sulfur redox distribution in hot springs and overflow drainages, and the occurrence and distribution of dissolved mercury. Most samples were analyzed for major cations and anions, trace metals, redox species of antimony, arsenic, iron, nitrogen, and sulfur, and isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen. Analyses were performed at the sampling site, in an on-site mobile laboratory vehicle, or later in a U.S. Geological Survey laboratory, depending on stability of the constituent and whether it could be preserved effectively.</p><p>Water samples were filtered and preserved onsite. Water temperature, specific conductance, pH, Eh (redox potential relative to the Standard Hydrogen Electrode), and dissolved hydrogen sulfide were measured onsite at the time of sampling. Acidity was determined by titration, usually within a few days of sample collection. Alkalinity was determined by titration within 1 to 2 weeks of sample collection. Concentrations of thiosulfate and polythionate were determined as soon as possible (generally minutes to hours after sample collection) by ion chromatography in an on-site mobile laboratory vehicle. Total dissolved-iron and ferrous-iron concentrations often were measured onsite in the mobile laboratory vehicle.</p><p>Concentrations of dissolved aluminum, arsenic, boron, barium, beryllium, calcium, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, potassium, lithium, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, sodium, nickel, lead, selenium, silica, strontium, vanadium, and zinc were determined by inductively-coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. Trace concentrations of dissolved antimony, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, lead, and selenium were determined by Zeeman-corrected graphite-furnace atomic-absorption spectrometry. Dissolved concentrations of total arsenic, arsenite, total antimony, and antimonite were determined by hydride-generation atomic-absorption spectrometry using a flow-injection analysis system. Dissolved concentrations of total mercury and methyl mercury were determined by cold-vapor atomic-fluorescence spectrometry. Concentrations of dissolved chloride, fluoride, nitrate, bromide, and sulfate were determined by ion chromatography. Concentrations of dissolved ferrous and total iron were determined by the FerroZine colorimetric method. Concentrations of dissolved nitrite were determined by colorimetry or chemiluminescence. Concentrations of dissolved ammonium were determined by ion chromatography, with reanalysis by colorimetry when separation of sodium and ammonia peaks was poor. Dissolved organic carbon concentrations were determined by the wet persulfate oxidation method. Hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratios were determined using the hydrogen and CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>equilibration techniques, respectively.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061339","usgsCitation":"Ball, J.W., McCleskey, R.B., Nordstrom, D.K., and Holloway, J.M., 2008, Water-chemistry data for selected springs, geysers, and streams in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, 2003-2005 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1339, viii, 137 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061339.","productDescription":"viii, 137 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2003-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190787,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403090,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_84414.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":11786,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1339/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -110.8833,\n              44.4\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.25,\n              44.4\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.25,\n              45\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.8833,\n              45\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.8833,\n              44.4\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f0e4b07f02db5edf43","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ball, James W.","contributorId":38946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ball","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCleskey, R. Blaine 0000-0002-2521-8052 rbmccles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2521-8052","contributorId":147399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCleskey","given":"R.","email":"rbmccles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Blaine","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":297185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Holloway, JoAnn M. 0000-0003-3603-7668 jholloway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3603-7668","contributorId":918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holloway","given":"JoAnn","email":"jholloway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":86209,"text":"ofr20081222 - 2008 - Potential effects of a scenario earthquake on the economy of southern California: Small business exposure and sensitivity analysis to a magnitude 7.8 earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-08T20:59:18.830262","indexId":"ofr20081222","displayToPublicDate":"2008-09-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1222","title":"Potential effects of a scenario earthquake on the economy of southern California: Small business exposure and sensitivity analysis to a magnitude 7.8 earthquake","docAbstract":"The Multi-Hazards Demonstration Project (MHDP) is a collaboration between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and various partners from the public and private sectors and academia, meant to improve Southern California's resiliency to natural hazards (Jones and others, 2007). In support of the MHDP objectives, the ShakeOut Scenario was developed. It describes a magnitude 7.8 (M7.8) earthquake along the southernmost 300 kilometers (200 miles) of the San Andreas Fault, identified by geoscientists as a plausible event that will cause moderate to strong shaking over much of the eight-county (Imperial, Kern, Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, San Diego, and Ventura) Southern California region. This report contains an exposure and sensitivity analysis of small businesses in terms of labor and employment statistics. Exposure is measured as the absolute counts of labor market variables anticipated to experience each level of Instrumental Intensity (a proxy measure of damage). Sensitivity is the percentage of the exposure of each business establishment size category to each Instrumental Intensity level. The analysis concerns the direct effect of the earthquake on small businesses.\r\n\r\nThe analysis is inspired by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) report that analyzed the labor market losses (exposure) of a M6.9 earthquake on the Hayward fault by overlaying geocoded labor market data on Instrumental Intensity values. The method used here is influenced by the ZIP-code-level data provided by the California Employment Development Department (CA EDD), which requires the assignment of Instrumental Intensities to ZIP codes. The ZIP-code-level labor market data includes the number of business establishments, employees, and quarterly payroll categorized by business establishment size.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081222","usgsCitation":"Sherrouse, B.C., Hester, D.J., and Wein, A., 2008, Potential effects of a scenario earthquake on the economy of southern California: Small business exposure and sensitivity analysis to a magnitude 7.8 earthquake (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1222, iv, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081222.","productDescription":"iv, 12 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":547,"text":"Rocky Mountain Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195757,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":401952,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_84413.htm"},{"id":11787,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1222/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.92675781249999,\n              32.69486597787505\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.41162109375,\n              32.69486597787505\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.41162109375,\n              35.15584570226544\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.92675781249999,\n              35.15584570226544\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.92675781249999,\n              32.69486597787505\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683953","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sherrouse, Benson C.","contributorId":37831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrouse","given":"Benson","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hester, D. J. 0000-0003-0249-7164 dhester@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0249-7164","contributorId":2447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hester","given":"D.","email":"dhester@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wein, Anne M.","contributorId":12007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wein","given":"Anne M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":86210,"text":"ofr20081211 - 2008 - Potential effects of a scenario earthquake on the economy of southern California: Labor market exposure and sensitivity analysis to a magnitude 7.8 earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-09T19:34:11.13795","indexId":"ofr20081211","displayToPublicDate":"2008-09-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1211","title":"Potential effects of a scenario earthquake on the economy of southern California: Labor market exposure and sensitivity analysis to a magnitude 7.8 earthquake","docAbstract":"The Multi-Hazards Demonstration Project (MHDP) is a collaboration between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and various partners from the public and private sectors and academia, meant to improve Southern California's resiliency to natural hazards (Jones and others, 2007). In support of the MHDP objectives, the ShakeOut Scenario was developed. It describes a magnitude 7.8 (M7.8) earthquake along the southernmost 300 kilometers (200 miles) of the San Andreas Fault, identified by geoscientists as a plausible event that will cause moderate to strong shaking over much of the eight-county (Imperial, Kern, Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, San Diego, and Ventura) Southern California region. This report contains an exposure and sensitivity analysis of economic Super Sectors in terms of labor and employment statistics. Exposure is measured as the absolute counts of labor market variables anticipated to experience each level of Instrumental Intensity (a proxy measure of damage). Sensitivity is the percentage of the exposure of each Super Sector to each Instrumental Intensity level. The analysis concerns the direct effect of the scenario earthquake on economic sectors and provides a baseline for the indirect and interactive analysis of an input-output model of the regional economy.\r\n\r\nThe analysis is inspired by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) report that analyzed the labor market losses (exposure) of a M6.9 earthquake on the Hayward fault by overlaying geocoded labor market data on Instrumental Intensity values. The method used here is influenced by the ZIP-code-level data provided by the California Employment Development Department (CA EDD), which requires the assignment of Instrumental Intensities to ZIP codes. The ZIP-code-level labor market data includes the number of business establishments, employees, and quarterly payroll categorized by the North American Industry Classification System.\r\n\r\nAccording to the analysis results, nearly 225,000 business establishments, or 44 percent of all establishments, would experience Instrumental Intensities between VII (7) and X (10). This represents more than 4 million employees earning over $45 billion in quarterly payroll. Over 57,000 of these establishments, employing over 1 million employees earning over $10 billion in quarterly payroll, would experience Instrumental Intensities of IX (9) or X (10). Based upon absolute counts and percentages, the Trade, Transportation, and Utilities Super Sector and the Manufacturing Super Sector are estimated to have the greatest exposure and sensitivity respectively. The Information and the Natural Resources and Mining Super Sectors are estimated to be the least impacted. Areas estimated to experience an Instrumental Intensity of X (10) account for approximately 3 percent of the region's labor market.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081211","usgsCitation":"Sherrouse, B.C., Hester, D.J., and Wein, A., 2008, Potential effects of a scenario earthquake on the economy of southern California: Labor market exposure and sensitivity analysis to a magnitude 7.8 earthquake (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1211, iv, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081211.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":547,"text":"Rocky Mountain Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195263,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11788,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1211/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":402023,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_84412.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.61914062499999,\n              32.63937487360669\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.43359375,\n              32.63937487360669\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.43359375,\n              35.567980458012094\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.61914062499999,\n              35.567980458012094\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.61914062499999,\n              32.63937487360669\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db68394c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sherrouse, Benson C.","contributorId":37831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrouse","given":"Benson","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hester, D. J. 0000-0003-0249-7164 dhester@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0249-7164","contributorId":2447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hester","given":"D.","email":"dhester@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wein, Anne M.","contributorId":12007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wein","given":"Anne M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":86199,"text":"ofr20081255 - 2008 - Water-Level Data for the Albuquerque Basin and Adjacent Areas, Central New Mexico, Period of Record Through September 30, 2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:27","indexId":"ofr20081255","displayToPublicDate":"2008-09-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1255","title":"Water-Level Data for the Albuquerque Basin and Adjacent Areas, Central New Mexico, Period of Record Through September 30, 2007","docAbstract":"The Albuquerque Basin, located in central New Mexico, is about 100 miles long and 25 to 40 miles wide. The basin is defined as the extent of consolidated and unconsolidated deposits of Tertiary and Quaternary age that encompass the structural Rio Grande Rift within the basin. Drinking-water supplies throughout the basin are currently (2007) obtained solely from ground-water resources. An increase of about 20 percent in the population from 1990 to 2000 also resulted in an increased demand for water. A network of wells was established to monitor changes in ground-water levels throughout the basin from April 1982 through September 1983. This network consisted of 6 wells with analog-to-digital recorders and 27 wells where water levels were measured monthly in 1983. Currently (2007), the network consists of 131 wells and piezometers. This report presents water-level data collected by U.S. Geological Survey personnel at 131 sites through water-year 2007. Data from five sites (Sites 9, 10, 31, 71 and 78) were not measured during the 2007 water-year, but are included in this report because recent data are useful for comparison and (or) data have been collected that will be included in the water-year 2008 report.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081255","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Albuquerque","usgsCitation":"Beman, J.E., 2008, Water-Level Data for the Albuquerque Basin and Adjacent Areas, Central New Mexico, Period of Record Through September 30, 2007 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1255, iv, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081255.","productDescription":"iv, 32 p.","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195136,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11776,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1255/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.5,34 ], [ -107.5,36 ], [ -106,36 ], [ -106,34 ], [ -107.5,34 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db685817","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beman, Joseph E. 0000-0002-0689-029X jebeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0689-029X","contributorId":2619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beman","given":"Joseph","email":"jebeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":86197,"text":"ofr20081268 - 2008 - Limnological Conditions in Lake William C. Bowen and Municipal Reservoir #1, Spartanburg County, South Carolina, August to September 2005, May 2006, and October 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-08T11:29:13","indexId":"ofr20081268","displayToPublicDate":"2008-09-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1268","title":"Limnological Conditions in Lake William C. Bowen and Municipal Reservoir #1, Spartanburg County, South Carolina, August to September 2005, May 2006, and October 2006","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Spartanburg Water System, conducted three spatial surveys of the limnological conditions in Lake William C. Bowen (Lake Bowen) and Municipal Reservoir #1 (Reservoir #1), Spartanburg County, South Carolina, during August to September 2005, May 2006, and October 2006. The surveys were conducted to identify spatial distribution and concentrations of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol, common trophic state indicators (nutrients, transparency, and chlorophyll a), algal community structure, and stratification of the water column at the time of sampling. Screening tools such as the Carlson trophic state index, total nitrogen to total phosphorus ratios, and relative thermal resistance to mixing were used to help compare data among sites and among seasons. Water-column samples were collected at two depths at each selected site: a near-surface sample collected above a 1-meter depth and a lake-bottom sample collected at a depth of 2.5 to 7 meters, depending on the depth at the site. \r\n\r\nThe degree of stratification of the water column was demonstrated by temperature-depth profiles and computed relative thermal resistance to mixing. Seasonal occurrence of thermal stratification (August to September 2005; May 2006) and de-stratification (October 2006) was evident in the depth profiles of water temperature in Lake Bowen. The most stable water-column (highest relative thermal resistance to mixing) conditions occurred in Lake Bowen during the August to September 2005 survey. The least stable water-column (destratified) conditions occurred in Lake Bowen during the October 2006 survey and Reservoir #1 during all three surveys. Changes with depth in dissolved oxygen (decreased with depth to near anoxic conditions in the hypolimnion), pH (decreased with depth), and specific conductance (increased with depth) along with thermal stratification indicated Lake Bowen was exhibiting characteristics common to both mesotrophic and eutrophic conditions.\r\n\r\nNutrient dynamics were different in Lake Bowen during the May 2006 survey from those during the August to September 2005 and October 2006 surveys. Total organic nitrogen concentrations (total Kjeldahl nitrogen minus ammonia) remained relatively constant within the surveys and ranged from 0.15 to 0.36 milligram per liter during the period of study. Nitrate was the dominant inorganic species of nitrogen during May 2006. Ammonia was the dominant species during the August to September 2005 and October 2006 surveys. During the August and September 2005 survey, ammonia was detected only in bottom samples collected in the near anoxic hypolimnion, but during the October 2006 survey, ammonia was detected under destratified conditions in surface and bottom samples. In Lake Bowen, total phosphorus concentrations in bottom samples did not exhibit the dramatic, high values during the May 2006 and October 2006 surveys (0.009 to 0.014 milligram per liter) that were identified for the August to September 2005 survey (0.022 to 0.034 milligram per liter). Chlorophyll a concentrations appeared to vary with the species of inorganic nitrogen. Greater chlorophyll a concentrations were identified in samples from the May 2006 survey (6.8 to 15 micrograms per liter) than in the August to September 2005 (1.2 to 6.4 micrograms per liter) and October surveys (5.6 to 8.2 micrograms per liter) at all sites in Lake Bowen and Reservoir #1. For the three limnological surveys, surface concentrations of chlorophyll a and total phosphorus were well below established numerical criteria for South Carolina.\r\n\r\nIn general, the computed trophic state indices indicated that mesotrophic conditions were present in Lake Bowen and Reservoir #1. The total nitrogen to total phosphorus ratios in Lake Bowen and Reservoir #1 were below 22:1 for the August to September 2005 survey, indicating a high probability of dominance by nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria. Ratios during the May and October 2006 surveys at ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081268","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Spartanburg Water System","usgsCitation":"Journey, C.A., and Abrahamsen, T.A., 2008, Limnological Conditions in Lake William C. Bowen and Municipal Reservoir #1, Spartanburg County, South Carolina, August to September 2005, May 2006, and October 2006: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1268, viii, 96 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081268.","productDescription":"viii, 96 p.","temporalStart":"2005-08-01","temporalEnd":"2006-10-31","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195244,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2008_1268.jpg"},{"id":11774,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1268/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","county":"Spartanburg County","otherGeospatial":"Lake William C. Bowen, Municipal Reservoir #1","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.24571228027345,\n              34.97993984237001\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.24571228027345,\n              35.19120581826711\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.73210144042969,\n              35.19120581826711\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.73210144042969,\n              34.97993984237001\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.24571228027345,\n              34.97993984237001\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a5240","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Journey, Celeste A. 0000-0002-2284-5851 cjourney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2284-5851","contributorId":2617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Journey","given":"Celeste","email":"cjourney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":297143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Abrahamsen, Thomas A.","contributorId":79137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abrahamsen","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":86193,"text":"ofr20081280 - 2008 - Amount and Percentage of Current Societal Assets in Areas on Kaua'i, Hawai'i, within the 1992 Hurricane 'Iniki Storm-Surge Inundation Zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:47","indexId":"ofr20081280","displayToPublicDate":"2008-09-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1280","title":"Amount and Percentage of Current Societal Assets in Areas on Kaua'i, Hawai'i, within the 1992 Hurricane 'Iniki Storm-Surge Inundation Zone","docAbstract":"The Pacific Risk Management 'Ohana (PRiMO) is a network of partners and stakeholders involved in the development, delivery, and communication of risk management-related information, products, and services across the Pacific Ocean (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Pacific Services Center, 2008). One PRiMO-related project is the NOAA National Climatic Data Center's Integrated Data and Environmental Applications (IDEA) Center's Pacific Region Integrated Climatology Information Products (PRICIP) initiative, which seeks to improve the understanding of patterns and trends of storm frequency and intensity ('storminess') within the Pacific region and to develop a suite of integrated information products that can be used by emergency managers, mitigation planners, government agencies, and other decision-makers (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Integrated Data and Environmental Applications Center, 2008a).\r\n\r\nOne of the PRICIP information products is a historical storm 'event anatomy', which includes a summary of sector-specific socioeconomic impacts associated with a particular event, as well as information about the event and its climatological context. The intent of an event anatomy is to convey the causes of an extreme storm event and the associated impacts in a format that users can understand. The event anatomies also are intended to familiarize users with the in-place and remotely sensed products typically employed to track and forecast weather and climate. The first event anatomy developed as a prototype and hosted on the PRICIP portal is for Hurricane 'Iniki (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Integrated Data and Environmental Applications Center, 2008b), a Category 3-4 hurricane that made landfall on the south coast of Kaua'i Island on September 11, 1992, with estimated maximum sustained winds of more than 140 mph and gusts as high as 175 mph. Storm-surge inundation occurred on the southern and northeastern coast of Kaua'i Island.\r\n\r\nIn an effort to increase the amount of available information on the Hurricane 'Iniki event anatomy of the PRICIP portal, representatives from the NOAA NCDC IDEA Center contacted the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in 2007 for assistance in determining what current societal assets are in areas that were inundated by storm surge during Hurricane 'Iniki in 1992. This report contains data summarizing the amount and percentage of current societal assets on Kaua'i Island, Hawai'i, that exist in the historic Hurricane 'Iniki storm-surge inundation zone. Coupled with an array of information on the socioeconomic impacts of Hurricane 'Iniki and distributed through the PRICIP portal, the results of this effort will help managers and the general public to understand the current risks posed by extreme storms in the Pacific Basin.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081280","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS), National Climatic Data Center's Integrated Data and Environmental Applications (IDEA) Center","usgsCitation":"Wood, N., 2008, Amount and Percentage of Current Societal Assets in Areas on Kaua'i, Hawai'i, within the 1992 Hurricane 'Iniki Storm-Surge Inundation Zone (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1280, iii, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081280.","productDescription":"iii, 12 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"1992-09-11","temporalEnd":"1992-09-11","costCenters":[{"id":293,"text":"Geographic Analysis and Monitoring Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195796,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11770,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1280/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -159.8,21.5 ], [ -159.8,22.3 ], [ -159.2,22.3 ], [ -159.2,21.5 ], [ -159.8,21.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db6867d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, Nathan 0000-0002-6060-9729 nwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6060-9729","contributorId":71151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Nathan","email":"nwood@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":297136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":86189,"text":"ofr20071440 - 2008 - Users Manual for the Geospatial Stream Flow Model (GeoSFM)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:26","indexId":"ofr20071440","displayToPublicDate":"2008-09-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1440","title":"Users Manual for the Geospatial Stream Flow Model (GeoSFM)","docAbstract":"The monitoring of wide-area hydrologic events requires the manipulation of large amounts of geospatial and time series data into concise information products that characterize the location and magnitude of the event. To perform these manipulations, scientists at the U.S. Geological Survey Center for Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS), with the cooperation of the U.S. Agency for International Development, Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance (USAID/OFDA), have implemented a hydrologic modeling system. The system includes a data assimilation component to generate data for a Geospatial Stream Flow Model (GeoSFM) that can be run operationally to identify and map wide-area streamflow anomalies. GeoSFM integrates a geographical information system (GIS) for geospatial preprocessing and postprocessing tasks and hydrologic modeling routines implemented as dynamically linked libraries (DLLs) for time series manipulations. Model results include maps that depicting the status of streamflow and soil water conditions. This Users Manual provides step-by-step instructions for running the model and for downloading and processing the input data required for initial model parameterization and daily operation.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071440","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Agency for International Development, Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance (USAID/OFDA)","usgsCitation":"Artan, G.A., Asante, K., Smith, J., Pervez, M., Entenmann, D., Verdin, J.P., and Rowland, J., 2008, Users Manual for the Geospatial Stream Flow Model (GeoSFM) (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1440, iv, 146 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071440.","productDescription":"iv, 146 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195502,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11766,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1440/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db685872","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Artan, Guleid A. 0000-0001-8409-6182 gartan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8409-6182","contributorId":2938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Artan","given":"Guleid","email":"gartan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Asante, Kwabena 0000-0001-5408-1852","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5408-1852","contributorId":65948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asante","given":"Kwabena","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Jodie","contributorId":29531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Jodie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pervez, Md Shahriar 0000-0003-3417-1871 spervez@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3417-1871","contributorId":3099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pervez","given":"Md Shahriar","email":"spervez@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":297124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Entenmann, Debbie 0000-0002-8841-697X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8841-697X","contributorId":8194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Entenmann","given":"Debbie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Verdin, James P. 0000-0003-0238-9657 verdin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0238-9657","contributorId":720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"James","email":"verdin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":297122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rowland, James 0000-0003-4837-3511 rowland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4837-3511","contributorId":3108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowland","given":"James","email":"rowland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":297125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":86192,"text":"ofr20081275 - 2008 - Avian Species Inventory at Manzanar National Historic Site, California - Final Report to the National Park Service","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:47","indexId":"ofr20081275","displayToPublicDate":"2008-09-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1275","title":"Avian Species Inventory at Manzanar National Historic Site, California - Final Report to the National Park Service","docAbstract":"We conducted a baseline inventory for avian species at Manzanar National Historic Site, Inyo County, Calif., from 2002 to 2005. Under the guidelines of the Mojave Network Biological Inventory Program, the primary objectives for this study were to (1) inventory and document the occurrence of avian species at Manzanar, with the goal of documenting at least 90 percent of the species present; (2) provide a geographic information system (GIS)-referenced list of sensitive species occurring at Manzanar that are rare, on Federal or State lists, or otherwise worthy of special consideration; and (3) enter all species data into the National Park Service NPSpecies database. Survey methods included general area searches, variable circular plot point-count censusing, nocturnal surveys, and nest searching. During 13 year-round survey sessions, we documented the occurrence of 132 bird species at Manzanar and confirmed breeding by 19 of these. Based on our findings, as well as review of the literature and searches for records of species occurrence, we estimate inventory completeness for regularly occurring bird species at Manzanar to be near 90 percent. No sensitive species on Federal or State lists were found. The distribution and relative abundance of common bird species at this site is now well enough known to begin development of a monitoring protocol for this group.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081275","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Northern Arizona University","usgsCitation":"Hart, J., and Drost, C., 2008, Avian Species Inventory at Manzanar National Historic Site, California - Final Report to the National Park Service (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1275, iv, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081275.","productDescription":"iv, 39 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2002-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195504,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11769,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1275/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.2,36.7 ], [ -118.2,36.8 ], [ -118.1,36.8 ], [ -118.1,36.7 ], [ -118.2,36.7 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64afe2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hart, Jan","contributorId":38246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Jan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drost, Charles","contributorId":52524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drost","given":"Charles","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":86182,"text":"ofr20081013 - 2008 - Weight of Production of Emeralds, Rubies, Sapphires, and Tanzanite from 1995 Through 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-24T07:29:14","indexId":"ofr20081013","displayToPublicDate":"2008-09-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1013","title":"Weight of Production of Emeralds, Rubies, Sapphires, and Tanzanite from 1995 Through 2005","docAbstract":"<p>U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) historically has not attempted to report comprehensive world production of gemstones on a country basis. This was because estimation of gemstone production is inherently difficult due to the fragmentary nature of the industry, the lack of governmental oversight or reporting in many countries where colored gemstones are mined, and the wide variation in quality between individual gemstones. Unlike diamonds, which, with the exception of the alluvial stones of West Africa, are mainly produced by large international mining companies and evaluated, cut, and marketed through a highly developed pricing structure and complex commercial arrangements, colored gemstones are mainly mined by individuals or small companies and have less developed evaluation and marketing arrangements. The trading centers for colored gems are smaller and less well known than the diamond centers. Colored gemstones, like alluvial diamonds, have the potential to be used to fund civil conflicts and other illegal activities, and because trade in colored gemstones is less organized than that of diamonds, they offer less opportunity for effective regulation of their trade. And, like diamond, until the recent advent of the Kimberley Process no generally accepted estimates of colored gemstone production globally or by producing country have existed. The present paper is a first attempt to develop production statistics for the three precious gems -<a href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1013/Table_1_Emeralds_2008-1013.xls\">emeralds</a>, <a href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1013/Table_2_Ruby_2008-1013.xls\">rubies</a>, and <a href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1013/Table_3_Sapphire_2008-1013.xls\">sapphires</a> - and <a href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1013/Table_4_Tanzanite_2008-1013.xls\">tanzanite</a> tanzanite, a semi-precious gem. The data consist of the weight of production of each of the gemstones from 1995 through 2005. Preliminary data on the weights of gemstone production were presented as a poster session at the Gemological Institute of America's Gemological Research Conference in San Diego, CA, in 2006, and as a published abstract (Yager, 2006) in an attempt to gather response to the estimates. The USGS continues to welcome information and suggestions that would improve the data presented here.</p>\n<p>Information used to make the production estimates presented in this paper include annual USGS Mineral Questionnaires completed by producing countries, data on exports from producing countries, reports from the literature, and company reports.</p>\n<p>Comparisons of the weight and the value of production of a type of gemstone between countries may differ considerably. Whereas east African countries dominate the weight production of rubies, Burma (Myanmar) is widely thought to have the highest value of ruby production. Data on the value of gemstone production are even more difficult to estimate than is the weight of production. Value of production is dependent upon both the quality and the sizes of the stones produced. Such data are not readily available and are difficult to estimate; therefore this report does not present tables of values of production. Instead, the report briefly discusses the forms in which gemstones are sold, the systems used to value the gemstones, and selected data that illustrate the variability of value of gemstones of a particular type.</p>","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081013","usgsCitation":"Yager, T., Menzie, W.D., and Olson, D.W., 2008, Weight of Production of Emeralds, Rubies, Sapphires, and Tanzanite from 1995 Through 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1013, iii, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081013.","productDescription":"iii, 9 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1995-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":11759,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1013/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":190642,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":318322,"rank":5,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1013/Table_3_Sapphire_2008-1013.xls","text":"Table 3 - Sapphire","size":"21.5 KB xls","description":"OFR 2008-1013"},{"id":318323,"rank":6,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1013/Table_4_Tanzanite_2008-1013.xls","text":"Table 4 - Tanzanite","size":"14 KB xls","description":"OFR 2008-1013"},{"id":318320,"rank":3,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1013/Table_1_Emeralds_2008-1013.xls","text":"Table 1 - Emerald","size":"19 KB xls","description":"OFR 2008-1013"},{"id":318321,"rank":4,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1013/Table_2_Ruby_2008-1013.xls","text":"Table 2 - Ruby","size":"20.5 KB xls","description":"OFR 2008-1013"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adfe4b07f02db687d07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yager, Thomas R.","contributorId":54681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"Thomas R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Menzie, W. David","contributorId":15645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Menzie","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":297107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Olson, Donald W. dolson@usgs.gov","contributorId":526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"Donald","email":"dolson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":86183,"text":"ofr20081141 - 2008 - Paleontologic Database for the Guadalupe Peak 1:100,000 Quadrangle: A Prototype for the National Paleontologic Database, Paleodata","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:15","indexId":"ofr20081141","displayToPublicDate":"2008-09-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1141","title":"Paleontologic Database for the Guadalupe Peak 1:100,000 Quadrangle: A Prototype for the National Paleontologic Database, Paleodata","docAbstract":"This report is a compilation of most of the known fossil locality data from Guadalupe Peak 1:100,000 quadrangle, West Texas. The data represent several major collection efforts over the past century by the Smithsonian Institution, the American Museum of Natural History, and the U.S. Geological Survey. \r\n\r\nThis dataset is not meant to be all inclusive but instead is an attempt to pull together the vast amount of paleontologic data originally collected by Girty (1908) and King (1948), much of which is unpublished and (or) poorly located. The author visited most of the major fossil collection sites to collect for conodonts on a ten-year program funded by the Smithsonian Institution for collaborative research with Richard E. Grant. Guadalupe Mountains National Park occupies the northern part of the quadrangle, and the Park Service has been very helpful over the years in compiling the data and relocating the collection sites. \r\n\r\nThis dataset serves as the prototype for the National Paleontologic Database, part of the National Geologic Map Database Project. The database is intended to be indexed to 1:100,000 quadrangles of the U.S. The minimum number of fields and information within those fields is shown in the report.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081141","usgsCitation":"Wardlaw, B.R., 2008, Paleontologic Database for the Guadalupe Peak 1:100,000 Quadrangle: A Prototype for the National Paleontologic Database, Paleodata: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1141, 7 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081141.","productDescription":"7 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190987,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11760,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1141/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db689b92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wardlaw, Bruce R. bwardlaw@usgs.gov","contributorId":266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wardlaw","given":"Bruce","email":"bwardlaw@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":86177,"text":"ofr20081199 - 2008 - Hydrologic Evidence of Climate Change in Monroe County, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:28","indexId":"ofr20081199","displayToPublicDate":"2008-09-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1199","title":"Hydrologic Evidence of Climate Change in Monroe County, New York","docAbstract":"Increasing evidence of climate change has raised concerns that the predicted increases in air temperature and attendant changes in precipitation patterns will affect water resources around the world. An analysis of long-term meteorological and streamflow records can be used to identify trends that might be indicative of climate change, especially with respect to the magnitude and frequency of floods and droughts in western New York, including Monroe County.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081199","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Monroe County Department of Health","usgsCitation":"Coon, W.F., 2008, Hydrologic Evidence of Climate Change in Monroe County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1199, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081199.","productDescription":"12 p.","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195261,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11754,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1199/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -78.16666666666667,42.833333333333336 ], [ -78.16666666666667,43.416666666666664 ], [ -77.25,43.416666666666664 ], [ -77.25,42.833333333333336 ], [ -78.16666666666667,42.833333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db686279","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coon, William F. 0000-0002-7007-7797 wcoon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7007-7797","contributorId":1765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coon","given":"William","email":"wcoon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":86176,"text":"ofr20081248 - 2008 - Ground-water levels in Huron County, Michigan, 2006-07","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-06T13:11:07","indexId":"ofr20081248","displayToPublicDate":"2008-09-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1248","title":"Ground-water levels in Huron County, Michigan, 2006-07","docAbstract":"<p>In 1990, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) completed a study of the hydrogeology of Huron County, Michigan (Sweat, 1991). In 1993, Huron County and the USGS entered into a continuing agreement to measure water levels at selected wells throughout Huron County. As part of the agreement, USGS initially operated four continuous water-level recorders, installed from 1988 to 1991 on wells in Bingham (H5r), Fairhaven (H9r), Grant (H2r), and Lake Townships (H25Ar) and summarized the data collected in an annual or bi-annual report (fig. 1). The agreement was altered in 2003, and beginning January 1, 2004, only wells H9r and H25Ar retained continuous water-level recorders, while wells H2r and H5r reverted to quarterly or periodic measurement status due to budget constraints. The decision of which two wells to discontinue was based on an analysis of the intrinsic value to Huron County of data from each well. Well H2r was selected for periodic measurement at that time because it is completed in the glacial aquifer, which is absent in much of Huron County and well H5r, which is completed in the Marshall aquifer, was selected because the water level in the well is often perturbed as a result of pumpage from nearby production wells and does not always reflect baseline conditions within the aquifer. </p><p>USGS also has provided training for County or Huron Conservation District personnel to measure the water level in 24 of the wells on a quarterly basis. USGS personnel accompany County or Huron Conservation District personnel on a semi-annual basis to provide a quality assurance/quality control check of all measurements being made. Water-level data collected from the wells is summarized in an annual or bi-annual report. </p><p>The altitude of Lake Huron and precipitation are good indicators of general climatic conditions and, therefore, provide an environmental context for groundwater levels in Huron County. Figure 2 shows the meanmonthly water-level altitude of Lake Huron, averaged from measurements made at Essexville and Harbor Beach (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2008), and monthly precipitation measured in Harbor Beach, Sebewaing, and Bad Axe (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Danny Costello, written commun., 2007-08). </p><p>In December 2007, the water level in Lake Huron dropped to a new monthly mean low of 576.38 ft for the period from 1988 through 2007 (the previous lowwater level of 576.57 ft was measured in March 2003). The net decline in the water level of Lake Huron from January 2006 through December 2007 was 0.68 ft. In 2006, annual precipitation measured at Harbor Beach was 3.2 in. above the long-term average of 31.1 in., with 10.6 in. measured during the 2006 growing season (May through August). In 2007, annual precipitation measured at Harbor Beach was 1.4 in. below normal, with 9.7 in. measured during the growing season. </p><p>In the two wells equipped with continuous waterlevel recorders, the water level rose 0.32 ft from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2007 in well H9r, but declined 1.11 ft in well H25Ar. Curiously, well H9r is drilled adjacent to Saginaw Bay (Lake Huron), and, as previously noted, there was a 0.68 ft decline in the water level in Saginaw Bay during that period. </p><p>Twenty four wells were measured on a quarterly or periodic basis from December 2005 through December 2007 (well H26 was destroyed during summer 2007 reducing the total number of wells from 25). These wells are completed in the glacial, Saginaw and Marshall aquifers, and the Coldwater confining unit. Although each quarterly or periodic measurement only provides a “snapshot” water level (measured in ft below land surface, and altitude, in ft above sea level), the data adequately define the generalized water-level trend in the aquifer near the well. Water levels in 6 quarterly-measured wells had net rises ranging from 0.09 to 1.45 ft for the period, while water levels in 18 of the wells had net declines ranging from 0.26 to 2.19 ft (tables 1 and 2; fig. 3). </p><p>Period-of-record (the time period during which water levels have been measured by U.S. Geological Survey or their cooperators) minimum depths to water (high-water levels) were measured in March and December 2006 in two quarterly-measured wells completed in the Saginaw aquifer in Oliver and Sebewaing Townships,&nbsp;respectively. A period-of-record minimum depth to water was also recorded June 5, 2007 in well H9r, completed in the Michigan Formation/Marshall aquifer in Fairhaven Township. Period-of-record maximum depths to water were measured in September 2007 in two wells completed in the Marshall aquifer in Oliver and Dwight Townships. Notably, water levels in those two wells recovered about 1 to 3 ft between September and December 2007. No period-of-record minimum or maximum depths to water were measured in wells completed in either the glacial aquifer or the Coldwater confining unit from December 2005 through December 2007. </p><p>Several external factors influence water-level trends including proximity to nearby production wells, amount and timing of precipitation events, evapotranspiration and type of prevalent ground cover, proximity of aquifer to the surface, and hydraulic characteristics of overlying geologic materials.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081248","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Huron County, Michigan","usgsCitation":"Weaver, T.L., Blumer, S.P., and Fuller, L.M., 2008, Ground-water levels in Huron County, Michigan, 2006-07: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1248, vi, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081248.","productDescription":"vi, 14 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2006-01-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":11753,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1248/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":194299,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20081248.JPG"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","county":"Huron 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,{"id":86178,"text":"ofr20081264 - 2008 - Aggradation and Degradation of the Palisades Gully Network, 1996 to 2005, with Emphasis on the November 2004 High-Flow Experiment, Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:42","indexId":"ofr20081264","displayToPublicDate":"2008-09-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1264","title":"Aggradation and Degradation of the Palisades Gully Network, 1996 to 2005, with Emphasis on the November 2004 High-Flow Experiment, Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona","docAbstract":"This study examines a large drainage network incised into alluvial terraces located along the Colorado River downstream of Palisades Creek in Grand Canyon National Park, Ariz. Gully erosion in the drainage affects archaeological sites found on the wide, relatively flat alluvial terraces. In 1996, 7-d release of 1,274 cubic meters per second of water from Glen Canyon Dam, known as a controlled flood, deposited fine-grained sediment - sand, silt, and clay - in the mouth of the network's largest gully, informally known as south gully. The deposit persisted for several years, but the drainage network steepened in the downstream reaches between 1999 and 2004. A high-flow experiment similar to the 1996 controlled flood was conducted in November 2004. The 2004 experiment was of a lower magnitude and shorter duration compared to the 1996 controlled flood. Topographic surveys were made in the field before, immediately after, and 6 months following the November 2004 experiment, and these measurements were compared to those made in 1996 and in other years. Similar to the response in 1996, fine-grained sediment was deposited in the mouth of the south gully and this mass was largely retained during the 6 months following the 2004 event. The magnitude of deposition in 2004 was nearly two times greater than that resulting from the 1996 controlled flood. We attribute this marked difference to increased accommodation space for deposition in the gully mouth, which was more deeply eroded in 2004 than it was in 1996. The second of the two primary gullies found within the Palisades gully network, the north gully, was largely unaffected by either high flow. Between 1996 and 2005, erosion was primarily confined to the lower reach of the south gully, while the upper reach remained relatively stable. The available data suggest that local base-level changes in the south gully mouth were not linked to the stability of the upstream gully reach. It could not be determined whether temporary base-level increases or maintenance of erosion-control structures were causal factors in limiting erosion in the upstream reaches of the drainage network.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081264","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Northern Arizona University","usgsCitation":"Hazel, J., Kaplinski, M., Parnell, R., and Fairley, H., 2008, Aggradation and Degradation of the Palisades Gully Network, 1996 to 2005, with Emphasis on the November 2004 High-Flow Experiment, Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1264, iv, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081264.","productDescription":"iv, 14 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"1996-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190731,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11755,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1264/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.86749999999999,36 ], [ -111.86749999999999,36.25 ], [ -111.75,36.25 ], [ -111.75,36 ], [ -111.86749999999999,36 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db689170","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hazel, Joseph E. Jr.","contributorId":91819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hazel","given":"Joseph E.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kaplinski, Matt","contributorId":65817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaplinski","given":"Matt","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parnell, Roderic A.","contributorId":41922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parnell","given":"Roderic A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fairley, Helen C.","contributorId":10506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fairley","given":"Helen C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":86181,"text":"ofr20081253 - 2008 - Quantitative Mineral Resource Assessment of Copper, Molybdenum, Gold, and Silver in Undiscovered Porphyry Copper Deposits in the Andes Mountains of South America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:47","indexId":"ofr20081253","displayToPublicDate":"2008-09-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1253","title":"Quantitative Mineral Resource Assessment of Copper, Molybdenum, Gold, and Silver in Undiscovered Porphyry Copper Deposits in the Andes Mountains of South America","docAbstract":"Quantitative information on the general locations and amounts of undiscovered porphyry copper resources of the world is important to exploration managers, land-use and environmental planners, economists, and policy makers. This publication contains the results of probabilistic estimates of the amounts of copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), gold (Au), and silver (Ag) in undiscovered porphyry copper deposits in the Andes Mountains of South America. The methodology used to make these estimates is called the 'Three-Part Form'. It was developed to explicitly express estimates of undiscovered resources and associated uncertainty in a form that allows economic analysis and is useful to decisionmakers. \r\n\r\nThe three-part form of assessment includes: (1) delineation of tracts of land where the geology is permissive for porphyry copper deposits to form; (2) selection of grade and tonnage models appropriate for estimating grades and tonnages of the undiscovered porphyry copper deposits in each tract; and (3) estimation of the number of undiscovered porphyry copper deposits in each tract consistent with the grade and tonnage model. A Monte Carlo simulation computer program (EMINERS) was used to combine the probability distributions of the estimated number of undiscovered deposits, the grades, and the tonnages of the selected model to obtain the probability distributions for undiscovered metals in each tract. These distributions of grades and tonnages then can be used to conduct economic evaluations of undiscovered resources in a format usable by decisionmakers. Economic evaluations are not part of this report. \r\n\r\nThe results of this assessment are presented in two principal parts. The first part identifies 26 regional tracts of land where the geology is permissive for the occurrence of undiscovered porphyry copper deposits of Phanerozoic age to a depth of 1 km below the Earth's surface. These tracts are believed to contain most of South America's undiscovered resources of copper. The second part presents probabilistic estimates of the amounts of copper, molybdenum, gold, and silver in undiscovered porphyry copper deposits in each tract. The study also provides tables showing the location, tract number, and age (if available) of discovered deposits and prospects. For each of the 26 permissive tracts delineated in this study, summary information is provided on: (1) the rationale for delineating the tract; (2) the rationale for choosing the mineral deposit model used to assess the tract; (3) discovered deposits and prospects; (4) exploration history; and (5) the distribution of undiscovered deposits in the tract. The scale used to evaluate geologic information and draw tracts is 1:1,000,000.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081253","collaboration":"Prepared and published jointly by the geological surveys of Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Peru, and the United States","usgsCitation":"Cunningham, C.G., Zappettini, E.O., Vivallo S., W., Celada, C.M., Quispe, J., Singer, D.A., Briskey, J.A., Sutphin, D., Gajardo M., M., Diaz, A., Portigliati, C., Berger, V.I., Carrasco, R., and Schulz, K.J., 2008, Quantitative Mineral Resource Assessment of Copper, Molybdenum, Gold, and Silver in Undiscovered Porphyry Copper Deposits in the Andes Mountains of South America (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1253, Available online and on CD-ROM; Report: vi, 282 p.; 2 Tables; 3 Plates; Digital Map File, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081253.","productDescription":"Available online and on CD-ROM; Report: vi, 282 p.; 2 Tables; 3 Plates; Digital Map 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,{"id":86180,"text":"ofr20081187 - 2008 - Digital coordinates and age of more than 13,000 foraminifers samples collected by Chevron Petroleum geologists in California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-03T19:45:52.352532","indexId":"ofr20081187","displayToPublicDate":"2008-09-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1187","title":"Digital coordinates and age of more than 13,000 foraminifers samples collected by Chevron Petroleum geologists in California","docAbstract":"The general location and age of more than 33,500 mostly foraminifer samples from Chevron surface localities in nearly 600 U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) 7.5' quadrangles from California were provided by Brabb and Parker (2003). Barren and non-diagnostic samples plus many that have no paleontologic information were omitted to provide a revised list for more than 27,000 of these samples by Brabb and Parker (2005). The locations for many of these samples were recorded by Chevron geoscientists on topographic maps (originals now in the USGS Library in Menlo Park, Calif.). The recent availability of digital databases for geologic and topographic maps has provided the opportunity to prepare a database of the locations of these Chevron samples so that the information can be combined with geology and topography for plotting or geospatial analysis. This report provides specific locations for more than 13,000 samples in central California that have enough paleontologic information to determine their age but omits thousands of samples that are too closely spaced to differentiate or those that have only a general location.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081187","usgsCitation":"Malmblorg, W.T., West, W., Brabb, E.E., and Parker, J.M., 2008, Digital coordinates and age of more than 13,000 foraminifers samples collected by Chevron Petroleum geologists in California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1187, Report: iii, 3 p.; ReadMe; 2 Databases, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081187.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 3 p.; ReadMe; 2 Databases","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":647,"text":"Western Earth Surface Processes","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195313,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11757,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1187/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":404767,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_84319.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United 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,{"id":86179,"text":"ofr20081276 - 2008 - Monitoring fine-grained sediment in the Colorado River ecosystem, Arizona — Control network and conventional survey techniques","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-16T18:52:47.106761","indexId":"ofr20081276","displayToPublicDate":"2008-09-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1276","title":"Monitoring fine-grained sediment in the Colorado River ecosystem, Arizona — Control network and conventional survey techniques","docAbstract":"In 2002, fine-grained sediment (sand, silt, and clay) monitoring in the Colorado River downstream from Glen Canyon Dam was initiated to survey channel topography at scales previously unobtainable in this canyon setting. This report presents the methods used to establish the high-resolution global positioning system (GPS) control network required for this effort as well as the conventional surveying techniques used in the study. Using simultaneous, dual-frequency GPS vector-based methods, the network points were determined to have positioning accuracies of less than 0.03 meters (m) and ellipsoidal height accuracies of between 0.01 and 0.10 m at a 95-percent degree of confidence. We also assessed network point quality with repeated, electronic (optical) total-station observations at 39 points for a total of 362 measurements; the mean range was 0.022 m in horizontal and 0.13 in vertical at a 95-percent confidence interval. These results indicate that the control network is of sufficient spatial and vertical accuracy for collection of airborne and subaerial remote-sensing technologies and integration of these data in a geographic information system on a repeatable basis without anomalies. The monitoring methods were employed in up to 11 discrete reaches over various time intervals. The reaches varied from 1.3 to 6.4 kilometers in length. Field results from surveys in 2000, 2002, and 2004 are described, during which conventional surveying was used to collect more than 3000 points per day. Ground points were used as checkpoints and to supplement areas just below or above the water surface, where remote-sensing data are not collected or are subject to greater error. An accuracy of +or- 0.05 m was identified as the minimum precision of individual ground points. These results are important for assessing digital elevation model (DEM) quality and identifying detection limits of significant change among surfaces generated from remote-sensing technologies.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081276","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Northern Arizona University and Utah State University","usgsCitation":"Hazel, J., Kaplinski, M., Parnell, R., Kohl, K., and Schmidt, J.C., 2008, Monitoring fine-grained sediment in the Colorado River ecosystem, Arizona — Control network and conventional survey techniques (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1276, iv, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081276.","productDescription":"iv, 15 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":402291,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_84318.htm"},{"id":195312,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11756,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1276/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River ecosystem","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -114.0435791015625,\n              35.4382955473967\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.1431884765625,\n              35.4382955473967\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.1431884765625,\n              36.99377838872517\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.0435791015625,\n              36.99377838872517\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.0435791015625,\n              35.4382955473967\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4de4b07f02db6274ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hazel, Joseph E. Jr.","contributorId":91819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hazel","given":"Joseph E.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kaplinski, Matt","contributorId":65817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaplinski","given":"Matt","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parnell, Roderic A.","contributorId":41922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parnell","given":"Roderic A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kohl, Keith 0000-0001-6812-0373 kkohl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6812-0373","contributorId":1323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kohl","given":"Keith","email":"kkohl@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schmidt, John C. 0000-0002-2988-3869 jcschmidt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2988-3869","contributorId":1983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"John","email":"jcschmidt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":86174,"text":"ofr20071441 - 2008 - Technical Manual for the Geospatial Stream Flow Model (GeoSFM)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:16","indexId":"ofr20071441","displayToPublicDate":"2008-09-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1441","title":"Technical Manual for the Geospatial Stream Flow Model (GeoSFM)","docAbstract":"The monitoring of wide-area hydrologic events requires the use of geospatial and time series data available in near-real time. These data sets must be manipulated into information products that speak to the location and magnitude of the event. Scientists at the U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science (USGS EROS) Center have implemented a hydrologic modeling system which consists of an operational data processing system and the Geospatial Stream Flow Model (GeoSFM). The data processing system generates daily forcing evapotranspiration and precipitation data from various remotely sensed and ground-based data sources. To allow for rapid implementation in data scarce environments, widely available terrain, soil, and land cover data sets are used for model setup and initial parameter estimation. GeoSFM performs geospatial preprocessing and postprocessing tasks as well as hydrologic modeling tasks within an ArcView GIS environment. The integration of GIS routines and time series processing routines is achieved seamlessly through the use of dynamically linked libraries (DLLs) embedded within Avenue scripts. GeoSFM is run operationally to identify and map wide-area streamflow anomalies. Daily model results including daily streamflow and soil water maps are disseminated through Internet map servers, flood hazard bulletins and other media.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071441","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Agency for International Development, Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance (USAID/OFDA)","usgsCitation":"Asante, K.O., Artan, G.A., Pervez, M., Bandaragoda, C., and Verdin, J.P., 2008, Technical Manual for the Geospatial Stream Flow Model (GeoSFM) (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1441, iv, 65 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071441.","productDescription":"iv, 65 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190641,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11751,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1441/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa1f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Asante, Kwabena O. 0000-0001-5408-1852","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5408-1852","contributorId":81578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asante","given":"Kwabena","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Artan, Guleid A. 0000-0001-8409-6182 gartan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8409-6182","contributorId":2938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Artan","given":"Guleid","email":"gartan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pervez, Md Shahriar 0000-0003-3417-1871 spervez@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3417-1871","contributorId":3099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pervez","given":"Md Shahriar","email":"spervez@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":297069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bandaragoda, Christina","contributorId":27951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bandaragoda","given":"Christina","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Verdin, James P. 0000-0003-0238-9657 verdin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0238-9657","contributorId":720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"James","email":"verdin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":297067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":86159,"text":"ofr20071223 - 2008 - Digital data for volcano hazards in the Crater Lake Region, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-03T16:32:44","indexId":"ofr20071223","displayToPublicDate":"2008-09-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1223","title":"Digital data for volcano hazards in the Crater Lake Region, Oregon","docAbstract":"<p>Crater Lake lies in a basin, or caldera, formed by collapse of the Cascade volcano known as Mount Mazama during a violent, climactic eruption about 7,700 years ago. This event dramatically changed the character of the volcano so that many potential types of future events have no precedent there. This potentially active volcanic center is contained within Crater Lake National Park, visited by 500,000 people per year, and is adjacent to the main transportation corridor east of the Cascade Range. Because a lake is now present within the most likely site of future volcanic activity, many of the hazards at Crater Lake are different from those at most other Cascade volcanoes. Also significant are many faults near Crater Lake that clearly have been active in the recent past. These faults, and historic seismicity, indicate that damaging earthquakes can occur there in the future. The USGS Open-File Report 97-487 (Bacon and others, 1997) describes the various types of volcano and earthquake hazards in the Crater Lake area, estimates of the likelihood of future events, recommendations for mitigation, and a map of hazard zones. The geographic information system (GIS) volcano hazard data layers used to produce the Crater Lake earthquake and volcano hazard map in USGS Open-File Report 97-487 are included in this data set. USGS scientists created one GIS data layer, c_faults, that delineates these faults and one layer, cballs, that depicts the downthrown side of the faults. Additional GIS layers chazline, chaz, and chazpoly were created to show 1) the extent of pumiceous pyroclastic-flow deposits of the caldera forming Mount Mazama eruption, 2) silicic and mafic vents in the Crater Lake region, and 3)the proximal hazard zone around the caldera rim, respectively.</p>","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071223","usgsCitation":"Schilling, S., Doelger, S., Bacon, C., Mastin, L., Scott, K., and Nathenson, M., 2008, Digital data for volcano hazards in the Crater Lake Region, Oregon (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1223, Available online only, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071223.","productDescription":"Available online only","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":11724,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1223/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":190603,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d63f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schilling, S. P.","contributorId":42606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schilling","given":"S. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Doelger, S.","contributorId":14901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doelger","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bacon, C. R. 0000-0002-2165-5618","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2165-5618","contributorId":21522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bacon","given":"C. R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":296997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mastin, L.G.","contributorId":80313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastin","given":"L.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Scott, K.E.","contributorId":12570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nathenson, M.","contributorId":46632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nathenson","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":86166,"text":"ofr20081246 - 2008 - High-resolution chirp and mini-sparker seismic-reflection data from the southern California continental shelf — Gaviota to Mugu Canyon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-14T21:31:57.933443","indexId":"ofr20081246","displayToPublicDate":"2008-09-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1246","title":"High-resolution chirp and mini-sparker seismic-reflection data from the southern California continental shelf — Gaviota to Mugu Canyon","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) collected high-resolution shallow seismic-reflection data in September, 2007, and June-July, 2008, from the continental shelf offshore of southern California between Gaviota and Mugu Canyon, in support of the California's State Waters Mapping Program. \r\n\r\nData were acquired using SIG 2mille mini-sparker and Edgetech chirp 512 instruments aboard the R/V Zephyr (Sept. 2007) and R/V Parke Snavely (June-July 2008). The survey area spanned approximately 120 km of coastline, and included shore-perpendicular transects spaced 1.0-1.5 km apart that extended offshore to at least the 3-mile limit of State waters, in water depths ranging from 10 m near shore to 300 m near the offshore extent of Mugu and Hueneme submarine canyons. Subbottom acoustic penetration spanned tens to several hundred meters, variable by location. \r\n\r\nThis report includes maps of the surveyed transects, linked to Google Earth software, as well as digital data files showing images of each transect in SEG-Y, JPEG, and TIFF formats. The images of sediment deposits, tectonic structure, and natural-gas seeps collected during this study provide geologic information that is essential to coastal zone and resource management at Federal, State and local levels, as well as to future research on the sedimentary, tectonic, and climatic record of southern California.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081246","usgsCitation":"Sliter, R.W., Triezenberg, P., Hart, P.E., Draut, A.E., Normark, W.R., and Conrad, J.E., 2008, High-resolution chirp and mini-sparker seismic-reflection data from the southern California continental shelf — Gaviota to Mugu Canyon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1246, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081246.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2007-09-12","temporalEnd":"2008-07-01","costCenters":[{"id":645,"text":"Western Coastal and Marine Geology","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195243,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":402187,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_84287.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":11733,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1246/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Gaviota to Mugu Canyon","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120.21240234375001,\n              34.025347738147936\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.00665283203124,\n              34.025347738147936\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.00665283203124,\n              34.468070755169244\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.21240234375001,\n              34.468070755169244\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.21240234375001,\n              34.025347738147936\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5ee4b07f02db633d18","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sliter, Ray W. 0000-0003-0337-3454 rsliter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0337-3454","contributorId":1992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sliter","given":"Ray","email":"rsliter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Triezenberg, Peter J.","contributorId":32625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Triezenberg","given":"Peter J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hart, Patrick E. 0000-0002-5080-1426 hart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5080-1426","contributorId":2879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Patrick","email":"hart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Draut, Amy E.","contributorId":92215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Draut","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Normark, William R.","contributorId":69570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Normark","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Conrad, James E. 0000-0001-6655-694X jconrad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6655-694X","contributorId":2316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrad","given":"James","email":"jconrad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":86151,"text":"ofr20081266 - 2008 - Development and Evaluation of a Riparian Buffer Mapping Tool","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-13T15:41:56","indexId":"ofr20081266","displayToPublicDate":"2008-09-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1266","title":"Development and Evaluation of a Riparian Buffer Mapping Tool","docAbstract":"Land use and land cover within riparian areas greatly affect the conditions of adjacent water features. In particular, riparian forests provide many environmental benefits, including nutrient uptake, bank stabilization, steam shading, sediment trapping, aquatic and terrestrial habitat, and stream organic matter. In contrast, residential and commercial development and associated transportation infrastructure increase pollutant and nutrient loading and change the hydrologic characteristics of the landscape, thereby affecting both water quality and habitat. Restoring riparian areas is a popular and cost effective restoration technique to improve and protect water quality. Recognizing this, the Chesapeake Executive Council committed to restoring 10,000 miles of riparian forest buffers throughout the Chesapeake Bay watershed by the year 2010. In 2006, the Chesapeake Executive Council further committed to 'using the best available...tools to identify areas where retention and expansion of forests is most needed to protect water quality'.\r\n\r\nThe Chesapeake Bay watershed encompasses 64,000 square miles, including portions of six States and Washington, D.C. Therefore, the interpretation of remotely sensed imagery provides the only effective technique for comprehensively evaluating riparian forest protection and restoration opportunities throughout the watershed. Although 30-meter-resolution land use and land cover data have proved useful on a regional scale, they have not been equally successful at providing the detail required for local-scale assessment of riparian area characteristics. Use of high-resolution imagery (HRI) provides sufficient detail for local-scale assessments, although at greater cost owing to the cost of the imagery and the skill and time required to process the data.\r\n\r\nTo facilitate the use of HRI for monitoring the extent of riparian forest buffers, the U.S. Forest Service and the U.S. Geological Survey Eastern Geographic Science Center funded the development of a prototype semiautomated image classification tool, RBMapper, that is designed for use by technicians with limited image processing training.\r\n\r\nThis document provides an overview of the RBMapper tool, includes instructions on how to obtain the RBMapper tool and tutorial datasets, and contains a summary evaluation of the tool","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081266","usgsCitation":"Milheim, L., and Claggett, P.R., 2008, Development and Evaluation of a Riparian Buffer Mapping Tool: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1266, iii, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081266.","productDescription":"iii, 15 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190539,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11716,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1266/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db6672c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milheim, Lesley E.","contributorId":100951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milheim","given":"Lesley E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Claggett, Peter R. 0000-0002-5335-2857 pclaggett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5335-2857","contributorId":176287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Claggett","given":"Peter","email":"pclaggett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":86161,"text":"ofr20071225 - 2008 - Digital data for volcano hazards at Newberry Volcano, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-03T16:31:29","indexId":"ofr20071225","displayToPublicDate":"2008-09-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1225","title":"Digital data for volcano hazards at Newberry Volcano, Oregon","docAbstract":"Newberry volcano is a broad shield volcano located in central Oregon, the product of thousands of eruptions, beginning about 600,000 years ago. At least 25 vents on the flanks and summit have been active during the past 10,000 years. The most recent eruption 1,300 years ago produced the Big Obsidian Flow. Thus, the volcano's long history and recent activity indicate that Newberry will erupt in the future. Newberry Crater, a volcanic depression or caldera has been the focus of Newberry's volcanic activity for at least the past 10,000 years. Newberry National Volcanic Monument, which is managed by the U.S. Forest Service, includes the caldera and extends to the Deschutes River. Newberry volcano is quiet. Local earthquake activity (seismicity) has been trifling throughout historic time. Subterranean heat is still present, as indicated by hot springs in the caldera and high temperatures encountered during exploratory drilling for geothermal energy.\r\n\r\nThe report USGS Open-File Report 97-513 (Sherrod and others, 1997) describes the kinds of hazardous geologic events that might occur in the future at Newberry volcano. A hazard-zonation map is included to show the areas that will most likely be affected by renewed eruptions. When Newberry volcano becomes restless, the eruptive scenarios described herein can inform planners, emergency response personnel, and citizens about the kinds and sizes of events to expect. \r\n\r\nThe geographic information system (GIS) volcano hazard data layers used to produce the Newberry volcano hazard map in USGS Open-File Report 97-513 are included in this data set. Scientists at the USGS Cascades Volcano Observatory created a GIS data layer to depict zones subject to the effects of an explosive pyroclastic eruption (tephra fallout, pyroclastic flows, and ballistics), lava flows, volcanic gasses, and lahars/floods in Paulina Creek. A separate GIS data layer depicts drill holes on the flanks of Newberry Volcano that were used to estimate the probability of coverage by future lava flows.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071225","usgsCitation":"Schilling, S., Doelger, S., Sherrod, D.R., Mastin, L., and Scott, W.E., 2008, Digital data for volcano hazards at Newberry Volcano, Oregon (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1225, Available online only, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071225.","productDescription":"Available online only","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195293,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11726,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1225/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d661","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schilling, S. P.","contributorId":42606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schilling","given":"S. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Doelger, S.","contributorId":14901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doelger","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sherrod, D. R.","contributorId":44559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrod","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mastin, L.G.","contributorId":80313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastin","given":"L.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Scott, W. E.","contributorId":22773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":86156,"text":"ofr20071220 - 2008 - Digital Data for Volcano Hazards from Mount Rainier, Washington, Revised 1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:48","indexId":"ofr20071220","displayToPublicDate":"2008-09-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1220","title":"Digital Data for Volcano Hazards from Mount Rainier, Washington, Revised 1998","docAbstract":"Mount Rainier at 4393 meters (14,410 feet) is the highest peak in the Cascade Range; a dormant volcano having glacier ice that exceeds that of any other mountain in the conterminous United States. This tremendous mass of rock and ice, in combination with great topographic relief, poses a variety of geologic hazards, both during inevitable future eruptions and during the intervening periods of repose. The volcano's past behavior is the best guide to possible future hazards. The written history (about A.D. 1820) of Mount Rainier includes one or two small eruptions, several small debris avalanches, and many small lahars (debris flows originating on a volcano). In addition, prehistoric deposits record the types, magnitudes, and frequencies of other events, and areas that were affected. Mount Rainier deposits produced since the latest ice age (approximately during the past 10,000 years) are well preserved. Studies of these deposits indicate we should anticipate potential hazards in the future. Some phenomena only occur during eruptions such as tephra falls, pyroclastic flows and surges, ballistic projectiles, and lava flows while others may occur without eruptive activity such as debris avalanches, lahars, and floods. \r\n\r\nThe five geographic information system (GIS) volcano hazard data layers used to produce the Mount Rainier volcano hazard map in USGS Open-File Report 98-428 (Hoblitt and others, 1998) are included in this data set. Case 1, case 2, and case 3 layers were delineated by scientists at the Cascades Volcano Observatory and depict various lahar innundation zones around the mountain. Two additional layers delineate areas that may be affected by post-lahar sedimentation (postlahar layer) and pyroclastic flows (pyroclastic layer).","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071220","usgsCitation":"Schilling, S., Doelger, S., Hoblitt, R., Walder, J.S., Driedger, C.L., Scott, K.M., Pringle, P.T., and Vallance, J., 2008, Digital Data for Volcano Hazards from Mount Rainier, Washington, Revised 1998 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1220, Available online only, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071220.","productDescription":"Available online only","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195291,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11721,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1220/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d664","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schilling, S. P.","contributorId":42606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schilling","given":"S. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Doelger, S.","contributorId":14901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doelger","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoblitt, R.","contributorId":89536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoblitt","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Walder, J. S.","contributorId":32561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walder","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Driedger, C. L.","contributorId":101656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Driedger","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Scott, K. M.","contributorId":8119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pringle, P. T.","contributorId":39806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pringle","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Vallance, J.W.","contributorId":45336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vallance","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":86157,"text":"ofr20071221 - 2008 - Digital data for volcano hazards of the Three Sisters region, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-03T16:34:45","indexId":"ofr20071221","displayToPublicDate":"2008-09-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1221","title":"Digital data for volcano hazards of the Three Sisters region, Oregon","docAbstract":"Three Sisters is one of three active volcanic centers that lie close to rapidly growing communities and resort areas in Central Oregon. The major composite volcanoes of this area are clustered near the center of the region and include South Sister, Middle Sister, and Broken Top. Additionally, hundreds of mafic volcanoes are scattered throughout the Three Sisters area. These range from small cinder cones to large shield volcanoes like North Sister and Belknap Crater. Hazardous events include landslides from the steep flanks of large volcanoes and floods, which need not be triggered by eruptions, as well as eruption-triggered events such as fallout of tephra (volcanic ash) and lava flows. A proximal hazard zone roughly 20 kilometers (12 miles) in diameter surrounding the Three Sisters and Broken Top could be affected within minutes of the onset of an eruption or large landslide. Distal hazard zones that follow river valleys downstream from the Three Sisters and Broken Top could be inundated by lahars (rapid flows of water-laden rock and mud) generated either by melting of snow and ice during eruptions or by large landslides. Slow-moving lava flows could issue from new mafic volcanoes almost anywhere within the region. Fallout of tephra from eruption clouds can affect areas hundreds of kilometers (miles) downwind, so eruptions at volcanoes elsewhere in the Cascade Range also contribute to volcano hazards in Central Oregon.\r\n\r\nScientists at the Cascades Volcano Observatory created a geographic information system (GIS) data set which depicts proximal and distal lahar hazard zones as well as a regional lava flow hazard zone for Three Sisters (USGS Open-File Report 99-437, Scott and others, 1999). The various distal lahar zones were constructed from LaharZ software using 20, 100, and 500 million cubic meter input flow volumes. Additionally, scientists used the depositional history of past events in the Three Sisters Region as well as experience and judgment derived from the study of volcanoes to help construct the regional hazard zone.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071221","usgsCitation":"Schilling, S., Doelger, S., Scott, W.E., and Iverson, R., 2008, Digital data for volcano hazards of the Three Sisters region, Oregon (Version 1.0 ): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1221, Available online only, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071221.","productDescription":"Available online only","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195399,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11722,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1221/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0 ","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d62b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schilling, S. P.","contributorId":42606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schilling","given":"S. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Doelger, S.","contributorId":14901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doelger","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scott, W. E.","contributorId":22773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Iverson, R.M. 0000-0002-7369-3819","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7369-3819","contributorId":16435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iverson","given":"R.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
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