{"pageNumber":"1463","pageRowStart":"36550","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184635,"records":[{"id":70048558,"text":"70048558 - 2013 - The late Holocene dry period: multiproxy evidence for an extended drought between 2800 and 1850 cal yr BP across the central Great Basin, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-24T13:01:28","indexId":"70048558","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-24T12:56:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The late Holocene dry period: multiproxy evidence for an extended drought between 2800 and 1850 cal yr BP across the central Great Basin, USA","docAbstract":"Evidence of a multi-centennial scale dry period between ∼2800 and 1850 cal yr BP is documented by pollen, mollusks, diatoms, and sediment in spring sediments from Stonehouse Meadow in Spring Valley, eastern central Nevada, U.S. We refer to this period as the Late Holocene Dry Period. Based on sediment recovered, Stonehouse Meadow was either absent or severely restricted in size at ∼8000 cal yr BP. Beginning ∼7500 cal yr BP, the meadow became established and persisted to ∼3000 cal yr BP when it began to dry. Comparison of the timing of this late Holocene drought record to multiple records extending from the eastern Sierra Nevada across the central Great Basin to the Great Salt Lake support the interpretation that this dry period was regional. The beginning and ending dates vary among sites, but all sites record multiple centuries of dry climate between 2500 and 1900 cal yr BP. This duration makes it the longest persistent dry period within the late Holocene. In contrast, sites in the northern Great Basin record either no clear evidence of drought, or have wetter than average climate during this period, suggesting that the northern boundary between wet and dry climates may have been between about 40° and 42° N latitude. This dry in the southwest and wet in the northwest precipitation pattern across the Great Basin is supported by large-scale spatial climate pattern hypotheses involving ENSO, PDO, AMO, and the position of the Aleutian Low and North Pacific High, particularly during winter.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Science Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.08.010","usgsCitation":"Mensing, S.A., Sharpe, S.E., Tunno, I., Sada, D.W., Thomas, J.M., Starratt, S.W., and Smith, J., 2013, The late Holocene dry period: multiproxy evidence for an extended drought between 2800 and 1850 cal yr BP across the central Great Basin, USA: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 78, p. 266-282, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.08.010.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"266","endPage":"282","numberOfPages":"17","ipdsId":"IP-050937","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278382,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278324,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.08.010"}],"country":"United States","state":"California;Idaho;Nevada;Oregon;Utah","otherGeospatial":"Great Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.0,34.0 ], [ -111.0,44.0 ], [ -121.0,44.0 ], [ -121.0,34.0 ], [ -111.0,34.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"78","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"526a3365e4b0c0d229f9bde3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mensing, Scott A.","contributorId":107601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mensing","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sharpe, Saxon E.","contributorId":106790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharpe","given":"Saxon","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tunno, Irene","contributorId":90202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tunno","given":"Irene","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sada, Don W.","contributorId":28521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sada","given":"Don","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thomas, Jim M.","contributorId":38054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Jim","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Starratt, Scott W. 0000-0001-9405-1746 sstarrat@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9405-1746","contributorId":2891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Starratt","given":"Scott","email":"sstarrat@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Smith, Jeremy","contributorId":62919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Jeremy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70048549,"text":"70048549 - 2013 - Phreatophytes under stress: transpiration and stomatal conductance of saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) in a high-salinity environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-24T11:01:02","indexId":"70048549","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-24T10:57:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3089,"text":"Plant and Soil","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Phreatophytes under stress: transpiration and stomatal conductance of saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) in a high-salinity environment","docAbstract":"Background and aims: We sought to understand the environmental constraints on an arid-zone riparian phreatophtye, saltcedar (Tamarix ramosissima and related species and hybrids), growing over a brackish aquifer along the Colorado River in the western U.S. Depth to groundwater, meteorological factors, salinity and soil hydraulic properties were compared at stress and non-stressed sites that differed in salinity of the aquifer, soil properties and water use characteristics, to identify the factors depressing water use at the stress site.\nMethods: Saltcedar leaf-level transpiration (EL), LAI, and stomatal conductance (GS) were measured over a growing season (June–September) with Granier and stem heat balance sensors and were compared to those for saltcedar at the non-stress site determined in a previous study. Transpiration on a ground-area basis (EG) was calculated as EL × LAI. Environmental factors were regressed against hourly and daily EL and GS at each site to determine the main factors controlling water use at each site.\nResults: At the stress site, mean EG over the summer was only 30 % of potential evapotranspiration (ETo). GS and EG peaked between 8 and 9 am then decreased over the daylight hours. Daytime GS was negatively correlated with vapor pressure deficit (VPD) (P < 0.05). By contrast, EG at the non-stress site tracked the daily radiation curve, was positively correlated with VPD and was nearly equal to ETo on a daily basis. Depth to groundwater increased over the growing season at both sites and resulted in decreasing EG but could not explain the difference between sites. Both sites had high soil moisture levels throughout the vadose zone with high calculated unsaturated conductivity. However, salinity in the aquifer and vadose zone was three times higher at the stress site than at the non-stress site and could explain differences in plant EG and GS.\nConclusions: Salts accumulated in the vadose zone at both sites so usable water was confined to the saturated capillary fringe above the aquifer. Existence of a saline aquifer imposes several types of constraints on phreatophyte EG, which need to be considered in models of plant water uptake. The heterogeneous nature of saltcedar EG over river terraces introduces potential errors into estimates of ET by wide-area methods.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Plant and Soil","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11104-013-1803-0","usgsCitation":"Glenn, E.P., Nagler, P.L., Morino, K., and Hultine, K., 2013, Phreatophytes under stress: transpiration and stomatal conductance of saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) in a high-salinity environment: Plant and Soil, v. 371, no. 1-2, p. 655-672, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-013-1803-0.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"655","endPage":"672","numberOfPages":"23","ipdsId":"IP-045751","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278374,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278372,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-013-1803-0"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.82,32.49 ], [ -114.82,40.43 ], [ -105.82,40.43 ], [ -105.82,32.49 ], [ -114.82,32.49 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"371","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-06-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"526a3364e4b0c0d229f9bddd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glenn, Edward P.","contributorId":19289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glenn","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nagler, Pamela L. 0000-0003-0674-103X pnagler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0674-103X","contributorId":1398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagler","given":"Pamela","email":"pnagler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morino, Kiyomi","contributorId":78210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morino","given":"Kiyomi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hultine, Kevin","contributorId":105634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hultine","given":"Kevin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70048578,"text":"fs20133099 - 2013 - Hurricane Sandy science plan: coastal topographic and bathymetric data to support hurricane impact assessment and response","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-05T09:30:44","indexId":"fs20133099","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-24T10:13:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-3099","title":"Hurricane Sandy science plan: coastal topographic and bathymetric data to support hurricane impact assessment and response","docAbstract":"

Hurricane Sandy devastated some of the most heavily populated eastern coastal areas of the Nation. With a storm surge peaking at more than 19 feet, the powerful landscape-altering destruction of Hurricane Sandy is a stark reminder of why the Nation must become more resilient to coastal hazards. In response to this natural disaster, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) received a total of $41.2 million in supplemental appropriations from the Department of the Interior (DOI) to support response, recovery, and rebuilding efforts. These funds support a science plan that will provide critical scientific information necessary to inform management decisions for recovery of coastal communities, and aid in preparation for future natural hazards. This science plan is designed to coordinate continuing USGS activities with stakeholders and other agencies to improve data collection and analysis that will guide recovery and restoration efforts. The science plan is split into five distinct themes:

\n
\n

• Coastal topography and bathymetry
\n• Impacts to coastal beaches and barriers
\n• Impacts of storm surge, including disturbed estuarine and bay hydrology
\n• Impacts on environmental quality and persisting contaminant exposures
\n• Impacts to coastal ecosystems, habitats, and fish and wildlife This fact sheet focuses on coastal topography and bathymetry.

\n
\n

This fact sheet focuses on coastal topography and bathymetry.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20133099","usgsCitation":"Stronko, J.M., 2013, Hurricane Sandy science plan: coastal topographic and bathymetric data to support hurricane impact assessment and response: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2013-3099, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20133099.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":459,"text":"Natural Hazards Mission Area","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278365,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3099/pdf/fs2013-3099.pdf"},{"id":278366,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3099/"},{"id":278367,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20133099.gif"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Coast region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.91015624999999,\n 27.955591004642553\n ],\n [\n -97.91015624999999,\n 26.23430203240673\n ],\n [\n -94.1748046875,\n 29.11377539511439\n ],\n [\n -92.197265625,\n 29.152161283318915\n ],\n [\n -90.43945312500001,\n 28.57487404744697\n ],\n [\n -89.1650390625,\n 28.65203063036226\n ],\n [\n -88.330078125,\n 29.11377539511439\n ],\n [\n -88.1982421875,\n 29.7643773751631\n ],\n [\n -88.02246093750001,\n 29.99300228455108\n ],\n [\n -87.0556640625,\n 29.99300228455108\n ],\n [\n -86.044921875,\n 29.72622231939548\n ],\n [\n -85.25390625,\n 29.305561325527698\n ],\n [\n -84.55078125,\n 28.998531814051795\n ],\n [\n -83.8037109375,\n 29.267232865200853\n ],\n [\n -83.27636718749999,\n 28.921631282421266\n ],\n [\n -83.3642578125,\n 27.994401411046148\n ],\n [\n -82.177734375,\n 24.206889622398023\n ],\n [\n -80.8154296875,\n 24.44714958973082\n ],\n [\n -79.7607421875,\n 25.20494115356912\n ],\n [\n -79.541015625,\n 27.137368359795584\n ],\n [\n -79.8486328125,\n 28.14950321154457\n ],\n [\n -80.15625000000001,\n 28.921631282421266\n ],\n [\n -80.8154296875,\n 30.29701788337205\n ],\n [\n -80.63964843750001,\n 31.653381399664\n ],\n [\n -77.95898437499999,\n 33.54139466898275\n ],\n [\n -75.498046875,\n 34.95799531086792\n ],\n [\n -74.92675781249999,\n 35.746512259918504\n ],\n [\n -75.5419921875,\n 36.914764288955936\n ],\n [\n -74.267578125,\n 39.027718840211605\n ],\n [\n -71.19140625,\n 41.31082388091818\n ],\n [\n -72.59765625,\n 41.50857729743935\n ],\n [\n -74.00390625,\n 41.1455697310095\n ],\n [\n -75.1025390625,\n 39.977120098439634\n ],\n [\n -76.5087890625,\n 39.605688178320804\n ],\n [\n -77.0361328125,\n 38.61687046392973\n ],\n [\n -76.9482421875,\n 37.50972584293751\n ],\n [\n -76.9921875,\n 35.31736632923788\n ],\n [\n -79.5849609375,\n 33.578014746143985\n ],\n [\n -80.85937499999999,\n 32.54681317351514\n ],\n [\n -82.001953125,\n 31.278550858946506\n ],\n [\n -80.33203125,\n 26.43122806450644\n ],\n [\n -80.9033203125,\n 25.997549919572084\n ],\n [\n -81.34277343749999,\n 26.470573022375056\n ],\n [\n -83.408203125,\n 30.637912028341123\n ],\n [\n -88.1982421875,\n 30.864510226258336\n ],\n [\n -90.8349609375,\n 30.713503990354965\n ],\n [\n -91.845703125,\n 30.221101852485987\n ],\n [\n -93.0322265625,\n 30.41078179084589\n ],\n [\n -95.9326171875,\n 29.53522956294847\n ],\n [\n -97.91015624999999,\n 27.955591004642553\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"526a3363e4b0c0d229f9bdd7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stronko, Jakob M. jstronko@usgs.gov","contributorId":5372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stronko","given":"Jakob","email":"jstronko@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":485123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70048577,"text":"fs20133091 - 2013 - Hurricane Sandy science plan: impacts of environmental quality and persisting contaminant exposure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-27T12:44:54","indexId":"fs20133091","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-24T10:07:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-3091","title":"Hurricane Sandy science plan: impacts of environmental quality and persisting contaminant exposure","docAbstract":"

Hurricane Sandy devastated some of the most heavily populated eastern coastal areas of the Nation. With a storm surge peaking at more than 19 feet, the powerful landscape-altering destruction of Hurricane Sandy is a stark reminder of why the Nation must become more resilient to coastal hazards. In response to this natural disaster, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) received a total of $41.2 million in supplemental appropriations from the Department of the Interior (DOI) to support response, recovery, and rebuilding efforts. These funds support a science plan that will provide critical scientific information necessary to inform management decisions for recovery of coastal communities, and aid in preparation for future natural hazards. This science plan is designed to coordinate continuing USGS activities with stakeholders and other agencies to improve data collection and analysis that will guide recovery and restoration efforts. The science plan is split into five distinct themes:

\n
\n

• Coastal topography and bathymetry
\n• Impacts to coastal beaches and barriers
\n• Impacts of storm surge, including disturbed estuarine and bay hydrology
\n• Impacts on environmental quality and persisting contaminant exposures
\n• Impacts to coastal ecosystems, habitats, and fish and wildlife

\n
\n

This fact sheet focuses on assessing impacts on environmental quality and persisting contaminant exposures.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20133091","usgsCitation":"Caskie, S.A., 2013, Hurricane Sandy science plan: impacts of environmental quality and persisting contaminant exposure: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2013-3091, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20133091.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","costCenters":[{"id":459,"text":"Natural Hazards Mission Area","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287602,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20133091.gif"},{"id":287599,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3091/"},{"id":287600,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3091/pdf/fs2013-3091.pdf"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"East Coast","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81.39,32.28 ], [ -81.39,45.91 ], [ -66.84,45.91 ], [ -66.84,32.28 ], [ -81.39,32.28 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"526a3363e4b0c0d229f9bdd4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Caskie, Sarah A. scaskie@usgs.gov","contributorId":5373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caskie","given":"Sarah","email":"scaskie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":485122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70048575,"text":"fs20133096 - 2013 - Hurricane Sandy science plan: impacts to coastal ecosystems, habitats, and fish and wildlife","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-05T09:33:53","indexId":"fs20133096","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-24T09:58:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-3096","title":"Hurricane Sandy science plan: impacts to coastal ecosystems, habitats, and fish and wildlife","docAbstract":"Hurricane Sandy devastated some of the most heavily populated eastern coastal areas of the Nation. With a storm surge peaking at more than 19 feet, the powerful landscape-altering destruction of Hurricane Sandy is a stark reminder of why the Nation must become more resilient to coastal hazards. In response to this natural disaster, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) received a total of $41.2 million in supplemental appropriations from the Department of the Interior (DOI) to support response, recovery, and rebuilding efforts. These funds support a science plan that will provide critical scientific information necessary to inform management decisions for recovery of coastal communities, and aid in preparation for future natural hazards. This science plan is designed to coordinate continuing USGS activities with stakeholders and other agencies to improve data collection and analysis that will guide recovery and restoration efforts. The science plan is split into five distinct themes:\n\n• Coastal topography and bathymetry\n• Impacts to coastal beaches and barriers\n• Impacts of storm surge, including disturbed estuarine and bay hydrology\n• Impacts on environmental quality and persisting contaminant exposures\n• Impacts to coastal ecosystems, habitats, and fish and wildlife\n\nThis fact sheet focuses on impacts to coastal ecosystems, habitats, and fish and wildlife.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20133096","usgsCitation":"Campbell, W.H., 2013, Hurricane Sandy science plan: impacts to coastal ecosystems, habitats, and fish and wildlife: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2013-3096, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20133096.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":459,"text":"Natural Hazards Mission Area","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278364,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20133096.gif"},{"id":278361,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3096/"},{"id":278359,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3096/pdf/fs2013-3096.pdf"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.91015624999999,\n 27.955591004642553\n ],\n [\n -97.91015624999999,\n 26.23430203240673\n ],\n [\n -94.1748046875,\n 29.11377539511439\n ],\n [\n -92.197265625,\n 29.152161283318915\n ],\n [\n -90.43945312500001,\n 28.57487404744697\n ],\n [\n -89.1650390625,\n 28.65203063036226\n ],\n [\n -88.330078125,\n 29.11377539511439\n ],\n [\n -88.1982421875,\n 29.7643773751631\n ],\n [\n -88.02246093750001,\n 29.99300228455108\n ],\n [\n -87.0556640625,\n 29.99300228455108\n ],\n [\n -86.044921875,\n 29.72622231939548\n ],\n [\n -85.25390625,\n 29.305561325527698\n ],\n [\n -84.55078125,\n 28.998531814051795\n ],\n [\n -83.8037109375,\n 29.267232865200853\n ],\n [\n -83.27636718749999,\n 28.921631282421266\n ],\n [\n -83.3642578125,\n 27.994401411046148\n ],\n [\n -82.177734375,\n 24.206889622398023\n ],\n [\n -80.8154296875,\n 24.44714958973082\n ],\n [\n -79.7607421875,\n 25.20494115356912\n ],\n [\n -79.541015625,\n 27.137368359795584\n ],\n [\n -79.8486328125,\n 28.14950321154457\n ],\n [\n -80.15625000000001,\n 28.921631282421266\n ],\n [\n -80.8154296875,\n 30.29701788337205\n ],\n [\n -80.63964843750001,\n 31.653381399664\n ],\n [\n -77.95898437499999,\n 33.54139466898275\n ],\n [\n -75.498046875,\n 34.95799531086792\n ],\n [\n -74.92675781249999,\n 35.746512259918504\n ],\n [\n -75.5419921875,\n 36.914764288955936\n ],\n [\n -74.267578125,\n 39.027718840211605\n ],\n [\n -71.19140625,\n 41.31082388091818\n ],\n [\n -72.59765625,\n 41.50857729743935\n ],\n [\n -74.00390625,\n 41.1455697310095\n ],\n [\n -75.1025390625,\n 39.977120098439634\n ],\n [\n -76.5087890625,\n 39.605688178320804\n ],\n [\n -77.0361328125,\n 38.61687046392973\n ],\n [\n -76.9482421875,\n 37.50972584293751\n ],\n [\n -76.9921875,\n 35.31736632923788\n ],\n [\n -79.5849609375,\n 33.578014746143985\n ],\n [\n -80.85937499999999,\n 32.54681317351514\n ],\n [\n -82.001953125,\n 31.278550858946506\n ],\n [\n -80.33203125,\n 26.43122806450644\n ],\n [\n -80.9033203125,\n 25.997549919572084\n ],\n [\n -81.34277343749999,\n 26.470573022375056\n ],\n [\n -83.408203125,\n 30.637912028341123\n ],\n [\n -88.1982421875,\n 30.864510226258336\n ],\n [\n -90.8349609375,\n 30.713503990354965\n ],\n [\n -91.845703125,\n 30.221101852485987\n ],\n [\n -93.0322265625,\n 30.41078179084589\n ],\n [\n -95.9326171875,\n 29.53522956294847\n ],\n [\n -97.91015624999999,\n 27.955591004642553\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"526a3364e4b0c0d229f9bdda","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Campbell, Warren H. wcampbell@usgs.gov","contributorId":5374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Warren","email":"wcampbell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":485115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70048574,"text":"fs20133090 - 2013 - Hurricane Sandy science plan: coastal impact assessments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-14T17:38:38","indexId":"fs20133090","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-24T09:55:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-3090","title":"Hurricane Sandy science plan: coastal impact assessments","docAbstract":"Hurricane Sandy devastated some of the most heavily populated eastern coastal areas of the Nation. With a storm surge peaking at more than 19 feet, the powerful landscape-altering destruction of Hurricane Sandy is a stark reminder of why the Nation must become more resilient to coastal hazards. In response to this natural disaster, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) received a total of $41.2 million in supplemental appropriations from the Department of the Interior (DOI) to support response, recovery, and rebuilding efforts. These funds support a science plan that will provide critical scientific information necessary to inform management decisions for recovery of coastal communities, and aid in preparation for future natural hazards. This science plan is designed to coordinate continuing USGS activities with stakeholders and other agencies to improve data collection and analysis that will guide recovery and restoration efforts. The science plan is split into five distinct themes: coastal topography and bathymetry, impacts to coastal beaches and barriers, impacts of storm surge, including disturbed estuarine and bay hydrology, impacts on environmental quality and persisting contaminant exposures, impacts to coastal ecosystems, habitats, and fish and wildlife.\n\nThis fact sheet focuses assessing impacts to coastal beaches and barriers.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20133090","usgsCitation":"Stronko, J.M., 2013, Hurricane Sandy science plan: coastal impact assessments: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2013-3090, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20133090.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","costCenters":[{"id":459,"text":"Natural Hazards Mission Area","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278363,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20133090.gif"},{"id":278360,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3090/"},{"id":278362,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3090/pdf/fs2013-3090.pdf"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"East Coast","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81.39,32.28 ], [ -81.39,45.91 ], [ -66.84,45.91 ], [ -66.84,32.28 ], [ -81.39,32.28 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"526a3363e4b0c0d229f9bdd1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stronko, Jakob M. jstronko@usgs.gov","contributorId":5372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stronko","given":"Jakob","email":"jstronko@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":485114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70048573,"text":"fs20133092 - 2013 - Hurricane Sandy science plan: impacts of storm surge, including disturbed estuarine and bay hydrology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-05T09:34:32","indexId":"fs20133092","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-24T09:44:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-3092","title":"Hurricane Sandy science plan: impacts of storm surge, including disturbed estuarine and bay hydrology","docAbstract":"

Hurricane Sandy devastated some of the most heavily populated eastern coastal areas of the Nation. With a storm surge peaking at more than 19 feet, the powerful landscape-altering destruction of Hurricane Sandy is a stark reminder of why the Nation must become more resilient to coastal hazards. In response to this natural disaster, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) received a total of $41.2 million in supplemental appropriations from the Department of the Interior (DOI) to support response, recovery, and rebuilding efforts. These funds support a science plan that will provide critical scientific information necessary to inform management decisions for recovery of coastal communities, and aid in preparation for future natural hazards. This science plan is designed to coordinate continuing USGS activities with stakeholders and other agencies to improve data collection and analysis that will guide recovery and restoration efforts. The science plan is split into five distinct themes:

\n

\n• Coastal topography and bathymetry
\n• Impacts to coastal beaches and barriers
\n• Impacts of storm surge, including disturbed estuarine and bay hydrology
\n• Impacts on environmental quality and persisting contaminant exposures
\n• Impacts to coastal ecosystems, habitats, and fish and wildlife
\n

\n
\n

This fact sheet focuses on assessing impacts of storm surge, including disturbed estuarine and bay hydrology.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20133092","usgsCitation":"Caskie, S.A., 2013, Hurricane Sandy science plan: impacts of storm surge, including disturbed estuarine and bay hydrology: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2013-3092, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20133092.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":459,"text":"Natural Hazards Mission Area","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278358,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20133092.gif"},{"id":278356,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3092/pdf/fs2013-3092.pdf"},{"id":278357,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3092/"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Coast and eastern states","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.91015624999999,\n 27.955591004642553\n ],\n [\n -97.91015624999999,\n 26.23430203240673\n ],\n [\n -94.1748046875,\n 29.11377539511439\n ],\n [\n -92.197265625,\n 29.152161283318915\n ],\n [\n -90.43945312500001,\n 28.57487404744697\n ],\n [\n -89.1650390625,\n 28.65203063036226\n ],\n [\n -88.330078125,\n 29.11377539511439\n ],\n [\n -88.1982421875,\n 29.7643773751631\n ],\n [\n -88.02246093750001,\n 29.99300228455108\n ],\n [\n -87.0556640625,\n 29.99300228455108\n ],\n [\n -86.044921875,\n 29.72622231939548\n ],\n [\n -85.25390625,\n 29.305561325527698\n ],\n [\n -84.55078125,\n 28.998531814051795\n ],\n [\n -83.8037109375,\n 29.267232865200853\n ],\n [\n -83.27636718749999,\n 28.921631282421266\n ],\n [\n -83.3642578125,\n 27.994401411046148\n ],\n [\n -82.177734375,\n 24.206889622398023\n ],\n [\n -80.8154296875,\n 24.44714958973082\n ],\n [\n -79.7607421875,\n 25.20494115356912\n ],\n [\n -79.541015625,\n 27.137368359795584\n ],\n [\n -79.8486328125,\n 28.14950321154457\n ],\n [\n -80.15625000000001,\n 28.921631282421266\n ],\n [\n -80.8154296875,\n 30.29701788337205\n ],\n [\n -80.63964843750001,\n 31.653381399664\n ],\n [\n -77.95898437499999,\n 33.54139466898275\n ],\n [\n -75.498046875,\n 34.95799531086792\n ],\n [\n -74.92675781249999,\n 35.746512259918504\n ],\n [\n -75.5419921875,\n 36.914764288955936\n ],\n [\n -74.267578125,\n 39.027718840211605\n ],\n [\n -71.19140625,\n 41.31082388091818\n ],\n [\n -72.59765625,\n 41.50857729743935\n ],\n [\n -74.00390625,\n 41.1455697310095\n ],\n [\n -75.1025390625,\n 39.977120098439634\n ],\n [\n -76.5087890625,\n 39.605688178320804\n ],\n [\n -77.0361328125,\n 38.61687046392973\n ],\n [\n -76.9482421875,\n 37.50972584293751\n ],\n [\n -76.9921875,\n 35.31736632923788\n ],\n [\n -79.5849609375,\n 33.578014746143985\n ],\n [\n -80.85937499999999,\n 32.54681317351514\n ],\n [\n -82.001953125,\n 31.278550858946506\n ],\n [\n -80.33203125,\n 26.43122806450644\n ],\n [\n -80.9033203125,\n 25.997549919572084\n ],\n [\n -81.34277343749999,\n 26.470573022375056\n ],\n [\n -83.408203125,\n 30.637912028341123\n ],\n [\n -88.1982421875,\n 30.864510226258336\n ],\n [\n -90.8349609375,\n 30.713503990354965\n ],\n [\n -91.845703125,\n 30.221101852485987\n ],\n [\n -93.0322265625,\n 30.41078179084589\n ],\n [\n -95.9326171875,\n 29.53522956294847\n ],\n [\n -97.91015624999999,\n 27.955591004642553\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"526a334ee4b0c0d229f9bdc5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Caskie, Sarah A. scaskie@usgs.gov","contributorId":5373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caskie","given":"Sarah","email":"scaskie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":485113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70048572,"text":"fs20133089 - 2013 - Hurricane Sandy science plan: New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-14T17:38:05","indexId":"fs20133089","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-24T09:41:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-3089","title":"Hurricane Sandy science plan: New York","docAbstract":"Hurricane Sandy is a stark reminder of why the Nation must become more resilient to coastal hazards. More than one-half of the U.S. population lives within 50 miles of a coast, and this number is increasing.\n\nThe U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is one of the largest providers of geologic and hydrologic information in the world. Federal, State, and local partners depend on the USGS science to know how to prepare for hurricane hazards and reduce losses from future hurricanes. The USGS works closely with other bureaus within the Department of the Interior, the Federal Emergency Management Agency, the National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the Environmental Protection Agency, and many State and local agencies to identify their information needs before, during, and after hurricanes.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20133089","usgsCitation":"Ransom, C.N., 2013, Hurricane Sandy science plan: New York: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2013-3089, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20133089.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","costCenters":[{"id":459,"text":"Natural Hazards Mission Area","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278353,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3089/"},{"id":278354,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3089/pdf/fs2013-3089.pdf"},{"id":278355,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20133089.gif"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -79.7625,40.4774 ], [ -79.7625,45.0159 ], [ -71.8537,45.0159 ], [ -71.8537,40.4774 ], [ -79.7625,40.4774 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"526a3362e4b0c0d229f9bdce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ransom, Clarice N.","contributorId":58552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ransom","given":"Clarice","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70048571,"text":"ofr20131258 - 2013 - Transient calibration of a groundwater-flow model of Chimacum Creek Basin and vicinity, Jefferson County, Washington: a supplement to Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5160","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-14T18:01:01","indexId":"ofr20131258","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-24T09:16:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1258","title":"Transient calibration of a groundwater-flow model of Chimacum Creek Basin and vicinity, Jefferson County, Washington: a supplement to Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5160","docAbstract":"A steady-state groundwater-flow model described in Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5160, ”Numerical Simulation of the Groundwater-Flow System in Chimacum Creek Basin and Vicinity, Jefferson County, Washington” was developed to evaluate potential future impacts of growth and of water-management strategies on water resources in the Chimacum Creek Basin. This supplement to that report describes the unsuccessful attempt to perform a calibration to transient conditions on the model. The modeled area is about 64 square miles on the Olympic Peninsula in northeastern Jefferson County, Washington. The geologic setting for the model area is that of unconsolidated deposits of glacial and interglacial origin typical of the Puget Sound Lowlands. The hydrogeologic units representing aquifers are Upper Aquifer (UA, roughly corresponding to recessional outwash) and Lower Aquifer (LA, roughly corresponding to advance outwash). Recharge from precipitation is the dominant source of water to the aquifer system; discharge is primarily to marine waters below sea level and to Chimacum Creek and its tributaries.\n\nThe model is comprised of a grid of 245 columns and 313 rows; cells are a uniform 200 feet per side. There are six model layers, each representing one hydrogeologic unit: (1) Upper Confining unit (UC); (2) Upper Aquifer unit (UA); (3) Middle Confining unit (MC); (4) Lower Aquifer unit (LA); (5) Lower Confining unit (LC); and (6) Bedrock unit (OE). The transient simulation period (October 1994–September 2009) was divided into 180 monthly stress periods to represent temporal variations in recharge, discharge, and storage.\n\nAn attempt to calibrate the model to transient conditions was unsuccessful due to instabilities stemming from oscillations in groundwater discharge to and recharge from streamflow in Chimacum Creek. The model as calibrated to transient conditions has mean residuals and standard errors of 0.06 ft ±0.45 feet for groundwater levels and 0.48 ± 0.06 cubic feet per second for flows. Although the expected seasonal trends were observed in model results, the typical observed annual variation of groundwater levels of about 2 feet was not. Streamflow at the most downstream observation point was about three times larger than simulated streamflow. Because the transient version of the model proved inherently unstable, it was not used to simulate forecast conditions for alternate hydrologic or anthropogenic changes. Adaptation of alternate stream simulation packages, such as RIV, or newer versions of MODFLOW, such as MODFLOW-NWT, could possibly assist with achieving calibration to transient conditions.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131258","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Jefferson County and the Washington State Department of Ecology","usgsCitation":"Jones, J.L., and Johnson, K.H., 2013, Transient calibration of a groundwater-flow model of Chimacum Creek Basin and vicinity, Jefferson County, Washington: a supplement to Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5160: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1258, vi, 44 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131258.","productDescription":"vi, 44 p.","numberOfPages":"50","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278350,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131258.PNG"},{"id":278348,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1258/pdf/ofr2013-1258.pdf"},{"id":278349,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1258/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","county":"Jefferson County","otherGeospatial":"Chimacum Creek Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.846987,47.927651 ], [ -122.846987,48.0685 ], [ -122.677922,48.0685 ], [ -122.677922,47.927651 ], [ -122.846987,47.927651 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"526a3365e4b0c0d229f9bde6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Joseph L. jljones@usgs.gov","contributorId":3492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Joseph","email":"jljones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Kenneth H. johnson@usgs.gov","contributorId":3103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Kenneth","email":"johnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70048570,"text":"sir20135170 - 2013 - Revised shallow and deep water-level and storage-volume changes in the Equus Beds Aquifer near Wichita, Kansas, predevelopment to 1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-14T18:06:19","indexId":"sir20135170","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-24T09:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5170","title":"Revised shallow and deep water-level and storage-volume changes in the Equus Beds Aquifer near Wichita, Kansas, predevelopment to 1993","docAbstract":"Beginning in the 1940s, the Wichita well field was developed in the Equus Beds aquifer in southwestern Harvey County and northwestern Sedgwick County to supply water to the city of Wichita. The decline of water levels in the aquifer was noted soon after the development of the Wichita well field began. Development of irrigation wells began in the 1960s. City and agricultural withdrawals led to substantial water-level declines. Water-level declines enhanced movement of brines from past oil and gas activities near Burrton, Kansas and enhanced movement of natural saline water from the Arkansas River into the well field area. Large chloride concentrations may limit use or require the treatment of water from the well field for irrigation or public supply. In 1993, the city of Wichita adopted the Integrated Local Water Supply Program (ILWSP) to ensure an adequate water supply for the city through 2050 and as part of its effort to effectively manage the part of the Equus Beds aquifer it uses. ILWSP uses several strategies to do this including the Equus Beds Aquifer Storage and Recovery (ASR) project. The purpose of the ASR project is to store water in the aquifer for later recovery and to help protect the aquifer from encroachment of a known oilfield brine plume near Burrton and saline water from the Arkansas River.\n\nAs part of Wichita’s ASR permits, Wichita is prohibited from artificially recharging water into the aquifer in a Basin Storage area (BSA) grid cell if water levels in that cell are above the January 1940 water levels or are less than 10 feet below land surface. The map previously used for this purpose did not provide an accurate representation of the shallow water table. The revised predevelopment water-level altitude map of the shallow part of the aquifer is presented in this report.\n\nThe city of Wichita’s ASR permits specify that the January 1993 water-level altitudes will be used as a lower baseline for regulating the withdrawal of artificial rechage credits from the Equus Beds aquifer by the city of Wichita. The 1993 water levels correspond to the lowest recorded levels and largest storage declines since 1940. Revised and new water-level maps of shallow and deep layers were developed to better represent the general condition of the aquifer. Only static water levels were used to better represent the general condition of the aquifer and comply with Wichita’s ASR permits. To ensure adequate data density, the January 1993 period was expanded to October 1992 through February 1993. Static 1993 water levels from the deep aquifer layer of the Equus Beds aquifer possibly could be used as the lower baseline for regulatory purposes.\n\nPreviously, maps of water-level changes used to estimate the storage-volume changes included a combination of static (unaffected by pumping or nearby pumping) and stressed (affected by pumping or nearby pumping) water levels from wells. Some of these wells were open to the shallow aquifer layer and some were open to the deep aquifer layer of the Equus Beds aquifer. In this report, only static water levels in the shallow aquifer layer were used to determine storage-volume changes.\n\nThe effects on average water-level and storage-volume change from the use of mixed, stressed water levels and a specific yield of 0.20 were compared to the use of static water levels in the shallow aquifer and a specific yield of 0.15. This comparison indicates that the change in specific yield causes storage-volume changes to decrease about 25 percent, whereas the use of static water levels in the shallow aquifer layer causes an increase of less than 4 percent. Use of a specific yield of 0.15 will result in substantial decreases in the amount of storage-volume change compared to those reported previously that were calculated using a specific yield of 0.20. Based on these revised water-level maps and computations, the overall decline and change in storage from predevelopment to 1993 represented a loss in storage of about 6 percent (-202,000 acre-feet) of the overall storage volume within the newly defined study area.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135170","usgsCitation":"Hansen, C.V., Lanning-Rush, J., and Ziegler, A., 2013, Revised shallow and deep water-level and storage-volume changes in the Equus Beds Aquifer near Wichita, Kansas, predevelopment to 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5170, v.; 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135170.","productDescription":"v.; 18 p.","numberOfPages":"23","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278347,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135170.gif"},{"id":278346,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5170/"},{"id":278345,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5170/pdf/sir2013_5170.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","city":"Wichita","otherGeospatial":"Equus Beds Aquifer","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.68355,37.73379 ], [ -97.68355,38.181032 ], [ -97.396098,38.181032 ], [ -97.396098,37.73379 ], [ -97.68355,37.73379 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"526a3365e4b0c0d229f9bde0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hansen, Cristi V. chansen@usgs.gov","contributorId":435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"Cristi","email":"chansen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":485108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lanning-Rush, Jennifer L. jlanning@usgs.gov","contributorId":5809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanning-Rush","given":"Jennifer L.","email":"jlanning@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":485109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ziegler, Andrew C. aziegler@usgs.gov","contributorId":433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ziegler","given":"Andrew C.","email":"aziegler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":485107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70048562,"text":"70048562 - 2013 - Nitrogen cycling responses to mountain pine beetle disturbance in a high elevation whitebark pine ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-30T10:44:51","indexId":"70048562","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-22T16:08:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nitrogen cycling responses to mountain pine beetle disturbance in a high elevation whitebark pine ecosystem","docAbstract":"Ecological disturbances can significantly affect biogeochemical cycles in terrestrial ecosystems, but the biogeochemical consequences of the extensive mountain pine beetle outbreak in high elevation whitebark pine (WbP) (Pinus albicaulis) ecosystems of western North America have not been previously investigated. Mountain pine beetle attack has driven widespread WbP mortality, which could drive shifts in both the pools and fluxes of nitrogen (N) within these ecosystems. Because N availability can limit forest regrowth, understanding how beetle-induced mortality affects N cycling in WbP stands may be critical to understanding the trajectory of ecosystem recovery. Thus, we measured above- and belowground N pools and fluxes for trees representing three different times since beetle attack, including unattacked trees. Litterfall N inputs were more than ten times higher under recently attacked trees compared to unattacked trees. Soil inorganic N concentrations also increased following beetle attack, potentially driven by a more than two-fold increase in ammonium (NH4+) concentrations in the surface soil organic horizon. However, there were no significant differences in mineral soil inorganic N or soil microbial biomass N concentrations between attacked and unattacked trees, implying that short-term changes in N cycling in response to the initial stages of WbP attack were restricted to the organic horizon. Our results suggest that while mountain pine beetle attack drives a pulse of N from the canopy to the forest floor, changes in litterfall quality and quantity do not have profound effects on soil biogeochemical cycling, at least in the short-term. However, continuous observation of these important ecosystems will be crucial to determining the long-term biogeochemical effects of mountain pine beetle outbreaks.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"PLoS ONE","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0065004","usgsCitation":"Keville, M.P., Reed, S.C., and Cleveland, C.C., 2013, Nitrogen cycling responses to mountain pine beetle disturbance in a high elevation whitebark pine ecosystem: PLoS ONE, v. 8, no. 6, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0065004.","productDescription":"8 p.","numberOfPages":"8","ipdsId":"IP-045133","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473474,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0065004","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":278341,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278340,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0065004"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.16,42.00 ], [ -119.16,48.96 ], [ -106.06,48.96 ], [ -106.06,42.00 ], [ -119.16,42.00 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"8","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-06-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5267906ae4b0c24c90856d96","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keville, Megan P.","contributorId":25071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keville","given":"Megan","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reed, Sasha C. 0000-0002-8597-8619 screed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8597-8619","contributorId":462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Sasha","email":"screed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cleveland, Cory C.","contributorId":10264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cleveland","given":"Cory","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70048522,"text":"70048522 - 2013 - Maturation characteristics and life history strategies of the Pacific Lamprey, Entosphenus tridentatus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-30T11:21:12","indexId":"70048522","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-22T15:38:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Maturation characteristics and life history strategies of the Pacific Lamprey, Entosphenus tridentatus","docAbstract":"Lampreys (Petromyzontiformes) have persisted over millennia and now suffer a recent decline in abundance. Complex life histories may have factored in their persistence; anthropogenic perturbations in their demise. The complexity of life histories of lampreys is not understood, particularly for the anadromous Pacific lamprey, Entosphenus tridentatus Gairdner, 1836. Our goals were to describe the maturation timing and associated characteristics of adult Pacific lamprey, and to test the null hypothesis that different life histories do not exist. Females exhibited early vitellogenesis – early maturation stages; males exhibited spermatogonia – spermatozoa. Cluster analyses revealed an “immature” group and a “maturing–mature” group for each sex. We found statistically significant differences between these groups in the relationships between (i) body mass and total length in males; (ii) Fulton’s condition factor and liver lipids in males; (iii) the gonadosomatic index (GSI) and liver lipids in females; (iv) GSI and total length in females; (v) mean oocyte diameter and liver lipids; and (vi) mean oocyte diameter and GSI. We found no significant difference between the groups in the relationship of muscle lipids and body mass. Our analyses support rejection of the hypothesis of a single life history. We found evidence for an “ocean-maturing” life history that would likely spawn within several weeks of entering fresh water, in addition to the formerly recognized life history of spending 1 year in fresh water prior to spawning—the “stream-maturing” life history. Late maturity, semelparity, and high fecundity suggest that Pacific lamprey capitalize on infrequent opportunities for reproduction in highly variable environments.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2013-0114","usgsCitation":"Clemens, B., van de Wetering, S., Sower, S.A., and Schreck, C.B., 2013, Maturation characteristics and life history strategies of the Pacific Lamprey, Entosphenus tridentatus: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 91, no. 11, p. 775-788, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2013-0114.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"775","endPage":"788","ipdsId":"IP-051202","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278339,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278337,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2013-0114"}],"volume":"91","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52679069e4b0c24c90856d93","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clemens, Benjamin J.","contributorId":22209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clemens","given":"Benjamin J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"van de Wetering, Stan","contributorId":60116,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"van de Wetering","given":"Stan","affiliations":[{"id":34142,"text":"Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":484951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sower, Stacia A.","contributorId":25109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sower","given":"Stacia","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schreck, Carl B. 0000-0001-8347-1139 carl.schreck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8347-1139","contributorId":878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreck","given":"Carl","email":"carl.schreck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70048530,"text":"70048530 - 2013 - Influence of monsoon-related riparian phenology on yellow-billed cuckoo habitat selection in Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-25T13:36:41","indexId":"70048530","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-22T15:19:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2193,"text":"Journal of Biogeography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of monsoon-related riparian phenology on yellow-billed cuckoo habitat selection in Arizona","docAbstract":"Aim: The western yellow-billed cuckoo (Coccyzus americanus occidentalis), a Neotropical migrant bird, is facing steep population declines in its western breeding grounds owing primarily to loss of native habitat. The favoured esting habitat for the cuckoo in the south-western United States is low-elevation riparian forests and woodlands. Our aim was to explore relationships between vegetation phenology patterns captured by satellite phenometrics and the distribution of the yellow-billed cuckoo, and to use this information to map cuckoo habitat. Location: Arizona, USA. Methods: Land surface phenometrics were derived from satellite Advanced Very High-Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), bi-weekly time-composite, ormalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data for 1998 and 1999 at a resolution of 1 km. Fourier harmonics were used to analyse the waveform of the annual NDVI profile in each pixel. To create the models, we coupled 1998 satellite phenometrics with 1998 field survey data of cuckoo presence or absence and with point data that sampled riparian and cottonwood–willow vegetation types. Our models were verified and refined using field and satellite data collected in 1999. Results: The models reveal that cuckoos prefer areas that experience peak greenness 29 days later, are 36% more dynamic and slightly (< 1%) more productive than their average cottonwood–willow habitat. The results support a scenario in which cuckoos migrate northwards, following the greening of riparian corridors and surrounding landscapes in response to monsoon precipitation, but then select a nesting site based on optimizing the near-term foraging potential of the neighbourhood. Main conclusions: The identification of preferred phenotypes within recognized habitat can be used to refine future habitat models, inform habitat response to climate change, and suggest adaptation strategies. For example, models of phenotype preferences can guide management actions by identifying and prioritizing for conservation those landscapes that reliably exhibit highly preferred phenometrics on a consistent basis.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Biogeography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/jbi.12167","usgsCitation":"Wallace, C., Villarreal, M.L., and van Riper, C., 2013, Influence of monsoon-related riparian phenology on yellow-billed cuckoo habitat selection in Arizona: Journal of Biogeography, v. 40, no. 11, p. 2094-2107, https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.12167.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2094","endPage":"2107","numberOfPages":"14","ipdsId":"IP-013518","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473475,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.12167","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":278336,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278334,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jbi.12167"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.8184,31.3322 ], [ -114.8184,37.0043 ], [ -109.0452,37.0043 ], [ -109.0452,31.3322 ], [ -114.8184,31.3322 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"40","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-07-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52679067e4b0c24c90856d8a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wallace, Cynthia S.A. cwallace@usgs.gov","contributorId":3335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"Cynthia S.A.","email":"cwallace@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":484978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Villarreal, Miguel L. 0000-0003-0720-1422 mvillarreal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0720-1422","contributorId":1424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Villarreal","given":"Miguel","email":"mvillarreal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"van Riper, Charles III 0000-0003-1084-5843 charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1084-5843","contributorId":169488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Riper","given":"Charles","suffix":"III","email":"charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":484976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70048560,"text":"ofr20131244 - 2013 - Ecological thresholds as a basis for defining management triggers for National Park Service vital signs: case studies for dryland ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-14T17:57:52","indexId":"ofr20131244","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-22T15:16:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1244","title":"Ecological thresholds as a basis for defining management triggers for National Park Service vital signs: case studies for dryland ecosystems","docAbstract":"

Threshold concepts are used in research and management of ecological systems to describe and interpret abrupt and persistent reorganization of ecosystem properties (Walker and Meyers, 2004; Groffman and others, 2006). Abrupt change, referred to as a threshold crossing, and the progression of reorganization can be triggered by one or more interactive disturbances such as land-use activities and climatic events (Paine and others, 1998). Threshold crossings occur when feedback mechanisms that typically absorb forces of change are replaced with those that promote development of alternative equilibria or states (Suding and others, 2004; Walker and Meyers, 2004; Briske and others, 2008). The alternative states that emerge from a threshold crossing vary and often exhibit reduced ecological integrity and value in terms of management goals relative to the original or reference system. Alternative stable states with some limited residual properties of the original system may develop along the progression after a crossing; an eventual outcome may be the complete loss of pre-threshold properties of the original ecosystem. Reverting to the more desirable reference state through ecological restoration becomes increasingly difficult and expensive along the progression gradient and may eventually become impossible. Ecological threshold concepts have been applied as a heuristic framework and to aid in the management of rangelands (Bestelmeyer, 2006; Briske and others, 2006, 2008), aquatic (Scheffer and others, 1993; Rapport and Whitford 1999), riparian (Stringham and others, 2001; Scott and others, 2005), and forested ecosystems (Allen and others, 2002; Digiovinazzo and others, 2010). These concepts are also topical in ecological restoration (Hobbs and Norton 1996; Whisenant 1999; Suding and others, 2004; King and Hobbs, 2006) and ecosystem sustainability (Herrick, 2000; Chapin and others, 1996; Davenport and others, 1998).

\n
\n

Achieving conservation management goals requires the protection of resources within the range of desired conditions (Cook and others, 2010). The goal of conservation management for natural resources in the U.S. National Park System is to maintain native species and habitat unimpaired for the enjoyment of future generations. Achieving this goal requires, in part, early detection of system change and timely implementation of remediation. The recent National Park Service Inventory and Monitoring program (NPS I&M) was established to provide early warning of declining ecosystem conditions relative to a desired native or reference system (Fancy and others, 2009). To be an effective tool for resource protection, monitoring must be designed to alert managers of impending thresholds so that preventive actions can be taken. This requires an understanding of the ecosystem attributes and processes associated with threshold-type behavior; how these attributes and processes become degraded; and how risks of degradation vary among ecosystems and in relation to environmental factors such as soil properties, climatic conditions, and exposure to stressors. In general, the utility of the threshold concept for long-term monitoring depends on the ability of scientists and managers to detect, predict, and prevent the occurrence of threshold crossings associated with persistent, undesirable shifts among ecosystem states (Briske and others, 2006). Because of the scientific challenges associated with understanding these factors, the application of threshold concepts to monitoring designs has been very limited to date (Groffman and others, 2006). As a case in point, the monitoring efforts across the 32 NPS I&M networks were largely designed with the knowledge that they would not be used to their full potential until the development of a systematic method for understanding threshold dynamics and methods for estimating key attributes of threshold crossings.

\n
\n

This report describes and demonstrates a generalized approach that we implemented to formalize understanding and estimating of threshold dynamics for terrestrial dryland ecosystems in national parks of the Colorado Plateau. We provide a structured approach to identify and describe degradation processes associated with threshold behavior and to estimate indicator levels that characterize the point at which a threshold crossing has occurred or is imminent (tipping points) or points where investigative or preventive management action should be triggered (assessment points). We illustrate this method for several case studies in national parks included in the Northern and Southern Colorado Plateau NPS I&M networks, where historical livestock grazing, climatic change, and invasive species are key agents of change. The approaches developed in these case studies are intended to enhance the design, effectiveness, and management-relevance of monitoring efforts in support of conservation management in dryland systems. They specifically enhance National Park Service (NPS) capacity for protecting park resources on the Colorado Plateau but have applicability to monitoring and conservation management of dryland ecosystems worldwide.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131244","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Bowker, M.A., Miller, M.E., Belote, R.T., and Garman, S.L., 2013, Ecological thresholds as a basis for defining management triggers for National Park Service vital signs: case studies for dryland ecosystems: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1244, vi, 94 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131244.","productDescription":"vi, 94 p.","numberOfPages":"100","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-034253","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278338,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131244.GIF"},{"id":278331,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1244/"},{"id":278335,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1244/pdf/ofr2013-1244.pdf"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Colorado Plateau","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.3896,32.8104 ], [ -114.3896,42.9966 ], [ -104.3481,42.9966 ], [ -104.3481,32.8104 ], [ -114.3896,32.8104 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52679064e4b0c24c90856d78","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bowker, Matthew A. mbowker@usgs.gov","contributorId":2875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowker","given":"Matthew","email":"mbowker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":485087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Mark E.","contributorId":91580,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6959,"text":"National Park Service Southeast Utah Group","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":485090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belote, R. Travis","contributorId":39634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belote","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Travis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Garman, Steven L. 0000-0002-9032-9074 slgarman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9032-9074","contributorId":3741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garman","given":"Steven","email":"slgarman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70048533,"text":"70048533 - 2013 - Influence of management and precipitation on carbon fluxes in greatplains grasslands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-30T10:47:20","indexId":"70048533","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-22T14:57:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1456,"text":"Ecological Indicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of management and precipitation on carbon fluxes in greatplains grasslands","docAbstract":"Suitable management and sufficient precipitation on grasslands can provide carbon sinks. The net carbon accumulation of a site from the atmosphere, modeled as the Net Ecosystem Productivity (NEP), is a useful means to gauge carbon balance. Previous research has developed methods to integrate flux tower data with satellite biophysical datasets to estimate NEP across large regions. A related method uses the Ecosystem Performance Anomaly (EPA) as a satellite-derived indicator of disturbance intensity (e.g., livestock stocking rate, fire, and insect damage). To better understand the interactions among management, climate, and carbon dynamics, we evaluated the relationship between EPA and NEP data at the 250 m scale for grasslands in the Central Great Plains, USA (ranging from semi-arid to mesic). We also used weekly estimates of NEP to evaluate the phenology of carbon dynamics, classified by EPA (i.e., by level of disturbance impact). Results show that the cumulative carbon balance over these grasslands from 2000 to 2008 was a weak net sink of 13.7 g C m−2 yr−1. Overall, NEP increased with precipitation (R2 = 0.39, P < 0.05) from west to east. Disturbance influenced NEP phenology; however, climate and biophysical conditions were usually more important. The NEP response to disturbance varies by ecoregion, and more generally by grassland type, where the shortgrass prairie NEP is most sensitive to disturbance, the mixed-grass prairie displays a moderate response, and tallgrass prairie is the least impacted by disturbance (as measured by EPA). Sustainable management practices in the tallgrass and mixed-grass prairie may potentially induce a period of average net carbon sink until a new equilibrium soil organic carbon is achieved. In the shortgrass prairie, management should be considered sustainable if carbon stocks are simply maintained. The consideration of site carbon balance adds to the already difficult task of managing grasslands appropriately to site conditions. Results clarify the seasonal and interannual dynamics of NEP, specifically the influence of disturbance and moisture availability.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Indicators","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Indicators","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2013.06.028","usgsCitation":"Rigge, M.B., Wylie, B.K., Zhang, L., and Boyte, S.P., 2013, Influence of management and precipitation on carbon fluxes in greatplains grasslands: Ecological Indicators, v. 34, p. 590-599, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2013.06.028.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"590","endPage":"599","ipdsId":"IP-042112","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278332,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278333,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2013.06.028"}],"volume":"34","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52679067e4b0c24c90856d87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rigge, Matthew B. 0000-0003-4471-8009 mrigge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4471-8009","contributorId":751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rigge","given":"Matthew","email":"mrigge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wylie, Bruce K. 0000-0002-7374-1083 wylie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7374-1083","contributorId":750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wylie","given":"Bruce","email":"wylie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhang, Li","contributorId":98139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Li","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Boyte, Stephen P. 0000-0002-5462-3225 sboyte@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5462-3225","contributorId":3463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyte","given":"Stephen","email":"sboyte@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":484984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70048546,"text":"70048546 - 2013 - Estimating riparian and agricultural evapotranspiration by reference crop evapotranspiration and MODIS Enhanced Vegetation Index","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-11T21:30:40.075464","indexId":"70048546","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-22T14:51:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3250,"text":"Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating riparian and agricultural evapotranspiration by reference crop evapotranspiration and MODIS Enhanced Vegetation Index","docAbstract":"Dryland river basins frequently support both irrigated agriculture and riparian vegetation and remote sensing methods are needed to monitor water use by both crops and natural vegetation in irrigation districts. We developed an algorithm for estimating actual evapotranspiration (ETa) based on the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) sensor on the EOS-1 Terra satellite and locally-derived measurements of reference crop ET (ETo). The algorithm was calibrated with five years of ETa data from three eddy covariance flux towers set in riparian plant associations on the upper San Pedro River, Arizona, supplemented with ETa data for alfalfa and cotton from the literature. The algorithm was based on an equation of the form ETa = ETo [a(1 − e−bEVI) − c], where the term (1 − e−bEVI) is derived from the Beer-Lambert Law to express light absorption by a canopy, with EVI replacing leaf area index as an estimate of the density of light-absorbing units. The resulting algorithm capably predicted ETa across riparian plants and crops (r2 = 0.73). It was then tested against water balance data for five irrigation districts and flux tower data for two riparian zones for which season-long or multi-year ETa data were available. Predictions were within 10% of measured results in each case, with a non-significant (P = 0.89) difference between mean measured and modeled ETa of 5.4% over all validation sites. Validation and calibration data sets were combined to present a final predictive equation for application across crops and riparian plant associations for monitoring individual irrigation districts or for conducting global water use assessments of mixed agricultural and riparian biomes.","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/rs5083849","usgsCitation":"Nagler, P.L., Glenn, E.P., Nguyen, U., Scott, R., and Doody, T., 2013, Estimating riparian and agricultural evapotranspiration by reference crop evapotranspiration and MODIS Enhanced Vegetation Index: Remote Sensing, v. 5, no. 8, p. 3849-3871, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs5083849.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"3849","endPage":"3871","ipdsId":"IP-045908","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473476,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs5083849","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":278313,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-08-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52679064e4b0c24c90856d7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nagler, Pamela L. 0000-0003-0674-103X pnagler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0674-103X","contributorId":1398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagler","given":"Pamela","email":"pnagler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Glenn, Edward P.","contributorId":19289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glenn","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nguyen, Uyen","contributorId":71863,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nguyen","given":"Uyen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13060,"text":"Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science, University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":485032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Scott, Russell","contributorId":11931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"Russell","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Doody, Tania","contributorId":23836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doody","given":"Tania","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70048550,"text":"70048550 - 2013 - InSAR Evidence for an active shallow thrust fault beneath the city of Spokane Washington, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-30T10:48:26","indexId":"70048550","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-22T14:40:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"InSAR Evidence for an active shallow thrust fault beneath the city of Spokane Washington, USA","docAbstract":"In 2001, a nearly five month long sequence of shallow, mostly small magnitude earthquakes occurred beneath the city of Spokane, a city with a population of about 200,000, in the state of Washington. During most of the sequence, the earthquakes were not well located because seismic instrumentation was sparse. Despite poor-quality locations, the earthquake hypocenters were likely very shallow, because residents near the city center both heard and felt many of the earthquakes. The combination of poor earthquake locations and a lack of known surface faults with recent movement make assessing the seismic hazards related to the earthquake swarm difficult. However, the potential for destruction from a shallow moderate-sized earthquake is high, for example Christchurch New Zealand in 2011, so assessing the hazard potential of a seismic structure involved in the Spokane earthquake sequence is important. Using interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data from the European Space Agency ERS2 and ENVISAT satellites and the Canadian Space Agency RADARSAT-1, satellite we are able to show that slip on a shallow previously unknown thrust fault, which we name the Spokane Fault, is the source of the earthquake sequence. The part of the Spokane Fault that slipped during the 2001 earthquake sequence underlies the north part of the city, and slip on the fault was concentrated between ~0.3 and 2 km depth. Projecting the buried fault plane to the surface gives a possible surface trace for the Spokane Fault that strikes northeast from the city center into north Spokane.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/jgrb.50118","usgsCitation":"Wicks, C., Weaver, C.S., Bodin, P., and Sherrod, B.L., 2013, InSAR Evidence for an active shallow thrust fault beneath the city of Spokane Washington, USA: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 118, no. 3, p. 1268-1276, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrb.50118.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1268","endPage":"1276","ipdsId":"IP-038809","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278330,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278307,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jgrb.50118"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","city":"Spokane","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.584713,47.49886 ], [ -117.584713,47.81886 ], [ -117.264713,47.81886 ], [ -117.264713,47.49886 ], [ -117.584713,47.49886 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"118","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-03-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52679066e4b0c24c90856d84","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wicks, Charles W. Jr. cwicks@usgs.gov","contributorId":3476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wicks","given":"Charles W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"cwicks@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":485045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weaver, Craig S. craig@usgs.gov","contributorId":2690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weaver","given":"Craig","email":"craig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bodin, Paul","contributorId":104142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodin","given":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sherrod, Brian L. 0000-0002-4492-8631 bsherrod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4492-8631","contributorId":2834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrod","given":"Brian","email":"bsherrod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70048547,"text":"70048547 - 2013 - Foreshocks during the nucleation of stick-slip instability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-30T10:49:21","indexId":"70048547","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-22T14:19:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Foreshocks during the nucleation of stick-slip instability","docAbstract":"We report on laboratory experiments which investigate interactions between aseismic slip, stress changes, and seismicity on a critically stressed fault during the nucleation of stick-slip instability. We monitor quasi-static and dynamic changes in local shear stress and fault slip with arrays of gages deployed along a simulated strike-slip fault (2 m long and 0.4 m deep) in a saw cut sample of Sierra White granite. With 14 piezoelectric sensors, we simultaneously monitor seismic signals produced during the nucleation phase and subsequent dynamic rupture. We observe localized aseismic fault slip in an approximately meter-sized zone in the center of the fault, while the ends of the fault remain locked. Clusters of high-frequency foreshocks (Mw ~ −6.5 to −5.0) can occur in this slowly slipping zone 5–50 ms prior to the initiation of dynamic rupture; their occurrence appears to be dependent on the rate at which local shear stress is applied to the fault. The meter-sized nucleation zone is generally consistent with theoretical estimates, but source radii of the foreshocks (2 to 70 mm) are 1 to 2 orders of magnitude smaller than the theoretical minimum length scale over which earthquake nucleation can occur. We propose that frictional stability and the transition between seismic and aseismic slip are modulated by local stressing rate and that fault sections, which would typically slip aseismically, may radiate seismic waves if they are rapidly stressed. Fault behavior of this type may provide physical insight into the mechanics of foreshocks, tremor, repeating earthquake sequences, and a minimum earthquake source dimension.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/jgrb.50232","usgsCitation":"McLaskey, G.C., and Kilgore, B.D., 2013, Foreshocks during the nucleation of stick-slip instability: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 118, no. 6, p. 2982-2997, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrb.50232.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"2982","endPage":"2997","ipdsId":"IP-043425","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473477,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrb.50232","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":278329,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278328,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jgrb.50232"}],"volume":"118","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-06-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52679066e4b0c24c90856d81","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McLaskey, Gregory C. gmclaskey@usgs.gov","contributorId":4112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLaskey","given":"Gregory","email":"gmclaskey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kilgore, Brian D. 0000-0003-0530-7979 bkilgore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0530-7979","contributorId":3887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kilgore","given":"Brian","email":"bkilgore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70048559,"text":"70048559 - 2013 - Direct and indirect effects of land use on floral resources and flower-visiting insects across an urban landscape","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-30T10:50:03","indexId":"70048559","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-22T14:06:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2939,"text":"Oikos","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Direct and indirect effects of land use on floral resources and flower-visiting insects across an urban landscape","docAbstract":"Although urban areas are often considered to have uniformly negative effects on biodiversity, cities are most accurately characterized as heterogeneous mosaics of buildings, streets, parks, and gardens that include both ‘good’ and ‘bad’ areas for wildlife. However, to date, few studies have evaluated how human impacts vary in direction and magnitude across a heterogeneous urban landscape. In this study, we assessed the distribution of floral resources and flower-visiting insects across a variety of land uses in New York City. We visited both green spaces (e.g. parks, cemeteries) and heavily developed neighborhood blocks (e.g. with high or low density residential zoning) and used structural equation modeling (SEM) to evaluate the direct and indirect effects of median income, vegetation, and development intensity on floral resources and insects in both settings. Abundance and taxonomic richness of flower-visiting insects was significantly greater in green spaces than neighborhood blocks. The SEM results indicated that heavily-developed neighborhoods generally had fewer flower-visiting insects consistent with reductions in floral resources. However, some low-density residential neighborhoods maintained high levels of floral resources and flower-visiting insects. We found that the effects of surrounding vegetation on floral resources, and thus indirect effects on insects, varied considerably between green spaces and neighborhood blocks. Along neighborhood blocks, vegetation consisted of a mosaic of open gardens and sparsely distributed trees and had a positive indirect effect on flower-visiting insects. In contrast, vegetation in urban green spaces was associated with increased canopy cover and thus had a negative indirect effect on flower-visiting insects through reductions in floral resources. In both neighborhood blocks and green spaces, vegetation had a positive direct effect on flower-visiting insects independent of the influence of vegetation on floral resources. Our results demonstrate how inter-related components of an urban ecosystem can vary with respect to one another across a heterogeneous urban landscape, suggesting that it is inappropriate to generalize about urban systems as a whole without first addressing differences among component land use types.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Oikos","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1600-0706.2012.20229.x","usgsCitation":"Matteson, K., Grace, J.B., and Minor, E., 2013, Direct and indirect effects of land use on floral resources and flower-visiting insects across an urban landscape: Oikos, v. 122, no. 5, p. 682-694, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0706.2012.20229.x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"682","endPage":"694","ipdsId":"IP-034352","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473478,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0706.2012.20229.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":278327,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278326,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0706.2012.20229.x"}],"volume":"122","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52679063e4b0c24c90856d75","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Matteson, K.C.","contributorId":61738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matteson","given":"K.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grace, James B. 0000-0001-6374-4726 gracej@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-4726","contributorId":884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grace","given":"James","email":"gracej@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Minor, E.S.","contributorId":53282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minor","given":"E.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70048556,"text":"fs20133094 - 2013 - Irrigation trends in Kansas, 1991-2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-14T17:40:28","indexId":"fs20133094","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-22T12:46:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-3094","title":"Irrigation trends in Kansas, 1991-2011","docAbstract":"This fact sheet examines trends in total reported irrigation water use and acres irrigated as well as irrigation water use by crop type and system type in Kansas for the years 1991 through 2011. During the 21-year period, total reported irrigation water diversions varied substantially from year to year as affected primarily by climatic fluctuations. Total reported acres irrigated remained comparatively constant during this time, although acreages of irrigated corn increased and center pivots with drop nozzles became the dominant system type used for irrigation.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20133094","usgsCitation":"Kenny, J., and Juracek, K.E., 2013, Irrigation trends in Kansas, 1991-2011: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2013-3094, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20133094.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1991-01-01","temporalEnd":"2011-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278320,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20133094.gif"},{"id":278318,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3094/"},{"id":278319,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3094/pdf/fs13-3094.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -102.0518,36.9931 ], [ -102.0518,40.0031 ], [ -94.5882,40.0031 ], [ -94.5882,36.9931 ], [ -102.0518,36.9931 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52679068e4b0c24c90856d8d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kenny, Joan F.","contributorId":69132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kenny","given":"Joan F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Juracek, Kyle E. 0000-0002-2102-8980 kjuracek@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2102-8980","contributorId":2022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Juracek","given":"Kyle","email":"kjuracek@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70072688,"text":"70072688 - 2013 - Survival of mountain quail translocated from two distinct source populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-22T12:34:10","indexId":"70072688","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-22T10:49:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival of mountain quail translocated from two distinct source populations","docAbstract":"Translocation of mountain quail (Oreortyx pictus) to restore viable populations to their former range has become a common practice. Because differences in post-release vital rates between animals from multiple source populations has not been well studied, wildlife and land managers may arbitrarily choose the source population or base the source population on immediate availability when planning translocation projects. Similarly, an understanding of the optimal proportion of individuals from different age and sex classes for translocation would benefit translocation planning. During 2006 and 2007, we captured and translocated 125 mountain quail from 2 ecologically distinct areas: 38 from southern California and 87 from southwestern Oregon. We released mountain quail in the Bennett Hills of south-central Idaho. We radio-marked and monitored a subsample of 58 quail and used them for a 2-part survival analysis. Cumulative survival probability was 0.23 ± 0.05 (SE) at 150 days post-release. We first examined an a priori hypothesis (model) that survival varied between the 2 distinct source populations. We found that source population did not explain variation in survival. This result suggests that wildlife managers have flexibility in selecting source populations for mountain quail translocation efforts. In a post hoc examination, we pooled the quail across source populations and evaluated differences in survival probabilities between sex and age classes. The most parsimonious model indicated that adult male survival was substantially less than survival rates of other mountain quail age and sex classes (i.e., interaction between sex and age). This result suggests that translocation success could benefit by translocating yearling males rather than adult males, perhaps because adult male breeding behavior results in vulnerability to predators","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.549","usgsCitation":"Troy, R.J., Coates, P.S., Connelly, J., Gillette, G., and Delehanty, D., 2013, Survival of mountain quail translocated from two distinct source populations: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 77, no. 5, p. 1031-1037, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.549.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1031","endPage":"1037","ipdsId":"IP-034738","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281372,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281123,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.549"}],"volume":"77","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-04-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd7614e4b0b2908510aac9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Troy, Ronald J.","contributorId":91733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Troy","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coates, Peter S. 0000-0003-2672-9994 pcoates@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2672-9994","contributorId":3263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coates","given":"Peter","email":"pcoates@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Connelly, John W.","contributorId":32391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connelly","given":"John W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gillette, Gifford","contributorId":36410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gillette","given":"Gifford","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Delehanty, David J.","contributorId":86683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delehanty","given":"David J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70048552,"text":"70048552 - 2013 - Pathogen exposure and blood chemistry in the Washington population of northern sea otters (Enhydra lutris kenyoni)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-05T13:57:25","indexId":"70048552","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-22T10:35:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pathogen exposure and blood chemistry in the Washington population of northern sea otters (Enhydra lutris kenyoni)","docAbstract":"

Northern sea otters (Enhydra lutris kenyoni) from Washington State, United States were evaluated in 2011 to determine health status and pathogen exposure. Antibodies to Brucella spp. (10%) and influenza A virus (23%) were detected for the first time in this population in 2011. Changes in clinical pathology values (serum chemistries), exposure to pathogens, and overall health of the population over the last decade were assessed by comparing 2011 data to the data collected on this population in 2001–2002. Several serum chemistry parameters were different between study years and sexes but were not clinically significant. The odds of canine distemper virus exposure were higher for otters sampled in 2001–2002 (80%) compared to 2011 (10%); likelihood of exposure significantly increased with age. Prevalence of exposure to Sarcocystis neurona was also higher in 2001–2002 (29%) than in 2011 (0%), but because testing methods varied between study years the results were not directly comparable. Exposure to Leptospira spp. was only observed in 2001–2002. Odds of Toxoplasma gondii exposure were higher for otters sampled in 2011 (97%) than otters in 2001–2002 (58%). Substantial levels of domoic acid (n = 2) and saxitoxin (n = 2) were found in urine or fecal samples from animals sampled in 2011. No evidence of calicivirus or Coxiella burnetii exposure in the Washington population of northern sea otters was found in either 2001–2002 or 2011. Changes in exposure status from 2001–2002 to 2011 suggest that the Washington sea otter population may be dealing with new disease threats (e.g., influenza) while also increasing their susceptibility to diseases that may be highly pathogenic in naïve individuals (e.g., canine distemper).

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/2013-03-053","usgsCitation":"White, C.L., Schuler, K., Thomas, N.J., Webb, J.L., Saliki, J.T., Ip, S., Dubey, J., and Frame, E.R., 2013, Pathogen exposure and blood chemistry in the Washington population of northern sea otters (Enhydra lutris kenyoni): Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 49, no. 4, p. 867-899, https://doi.org/10.7589/2013-03-053.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"867","endPage":"899","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-044486","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278317,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278316,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.7589/2013-03-053"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","volume":"49","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5267906ae4b0c24c90856d99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, C. LeAnn 0000-0002-5004-5165 clwhite@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5004-5165","contributorId":4315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"C.","email":"clwhite@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"LeAnn","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schuler, Krysten L.","contributorId":11869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuler","given":"Krysten L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thomas, Nancy J. 0000-0002-0161-0391 nthomas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0161-0391","contributorId":1673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Nancy","email":"nthomas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":485055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Webb, Julie L.","contributorId":65758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"Julie","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Saliki, Jeremiah T.","contributorId":67398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saliki","given":"Jeremiah","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ip, S. 0000-0003-4844-7533 hip@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4844-7533","contributorId":727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ip","given":"S.","email":"hip@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dubey, J. P.","contributorId":80609,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dubey","given":"J. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Frame, Elizabeth R.","contributorId":57741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frame","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70048551,"text":"70048551 - 2013 - Low copper and high manganese levels in prion protein plaques","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T15:23:44","indexId":"70048551","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-22T10:16:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3700,"text":"Viruses","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Low copper and high manganese levels in prion protein plaques","docAbstract":"

Accumulation of aggregates rich in an abnormally folded form of the prion protein characterize the neurodegeneration caused by transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs). The molecular triggers of plaque formation and neurodegeneration remain unknown, but analyses of TSE-infected brain homogenates and preparations enriched for abnormal prion protein suggest that reduced levels of copper and increased levels of manganese are associated with disease. The objectives of this study were to: (1) assess copper and manganese levels in healthy and TSE-infected Syrian hamster brain homogenates; (2) determine if the distribution of these metals can be mapped in TSE-infected brain tissue using X-ray photoelectron emission microscopy (X-PEEM) with synchrotron radiation; and (3) use X-PEEM to assess the relative amounts of copper and manganese in prion plaques in situ. In agreement with studies of other TSEs and species, we found reduced brain levels of copper and increased levels of manganese associated with disease in our hamster model. We also found that the in situ levels of these metals in brainstem were sufficient to image by X-PEEM. Using immunolabeled prion plaques in directly adjacent tissue sections to identify regions to image by X-PEEM, we found a statistically significant relationship of copper-manganese dysregulation in prion plaques: copper was depleted whereas manganese was enriched. These data provide evidence for prion plaques altering local transition metal distribution in the TSE-infected central nervous system.

","language":"English","publisher":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","doi":"10.3390/v5020654","usgsCitation":"Johnson, C.J., Gilbert, P., Abrecth, M., Baldwin, K.L., Russell, R.E., Pedersen, J.A., and McKenzie, D., 2013, Low copper and high manganese levels in prion protein plaques: Viruses, v. 5, no. 2, p. 654-662, https://doi.org/10.3390/v5020654.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"654","endPage":"662","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-043607","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473479,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/v5020654","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":278315,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278314,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v5020654"}],"volume":"5","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-02-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52679068e4b0c24c90856d90","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Christopher J. cjjohnson@usgs.gov","contributorId":3491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Christopher","email":"cjjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gilbert, P.U.P.A.","contributorId":80172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilbert","given":"P.U.P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Abrecth, Mike","contributorId":53281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abrecth","given":"Mike","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Baldwin, Katherine L.","contributorId":44821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldwin","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Russell, Robin E. 0000-0001-8726-7303 rerussell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8726-7303","contributorId":3998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Russell","given":"Robin","email":"rerussell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pedersen, Joel A.","contributorId":85079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pedersen","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McKenzie, Debbie","contributorId":82211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenzie","given":"Debbie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70072725,"text":"70072725 - 2013 - Can reliable sage-grouse lek counts be obtained using aerial infrared technology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-21T09:34:45","indexId":"70072725","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-22T09:24:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2287,"text":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Can reliable sage-grouse lek counts be obtained using aerial infrared technology","docAbstract":"More effective methods for counting greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) are needed to better assess population trends through enumeration or location of new leks. We describe an aerial infrared technique for conducting sage-grouse lek counts and compare this method with conventional ground-based lek count methods. During the breeding period in 2010 and 2011, we surveyed leks from fixed-winged aircraft using cryogenically cooled mid-wave infrared cameras and surveyed the same leks on the same day from the ground following a standard lek count protocol. We did not detect significant differences in lek counts between surveying techniques. These findings suggest that using a cryogenically cooled mid-wave infrared camera from an aerial platform to conduct lek surveys is an effective alternative technique to conventional ground-based methods, but further research is needed. We discuss multiple advantages to aerial infrared surveys, including counting in remote areas, representing greater spatial variation, and increasing the number of counted leks per season. Aerial infrared lek counts may be a valuable wildlife management tool that releases time and resources for other conservation efforts. Opportunities exist for wildlife professionals to refine and apply aerial infrared techniques to wildlife monitoring programs because of the increasing reliability and affordability of this technology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","doi":"10.3996/032013-JFWM-025","usgsCitation":"Gillette, G.L., Coates, P.S., Petersen, S., and Romero, J.P., 2013, Can reliable sage-grouse lek counts be obtained using aerial infrared technology: Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management, v. 4, no. 2, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3996/032013-JFWM-025.","productDescription":"9 p.","numberOfPages":"9","ipdsId":"IP-045139","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473480,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3996/032013-jfwm-025","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":281304,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281126,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3996/032013-JFWM-025"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada;Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -115.53,38.93 ], [ -115.53,41.98 ], [ -108.61,41.98 ], [ -108.61,38.93 ], [ -115.53,38.93 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"4","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-09-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd501ee4b0b290850f322d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gillette, Gifford L.","contributorId":13538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gillette","given":"Gifford","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coates, Peter S. 0000-0003-2672-9994 pcoates@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2672-9994","contributorId":3263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coates","given":"Peter","email":"pcoates@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Petersen, Steven","contributorId":23433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"Steven","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Romero, John P.","contributorId":47688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romero","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70048553,"text":"ofr20131221 - 2013 - Chuckwalla Valley multiple-well monitoring site, Chuckwalla Valley, Riverside County","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-14T17:54:58","indexId":"ofr20131221","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-22T08:52:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1221","title":"Chuckwalla Valley multiple-well monitoring site, Chuckwalla Valley, Riverside County","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management, is evaluating the geohydrology and water availability of the Chuckwalla Valley, California. As part of this evaluation, the USGS installed the Chuckwalla Valley multiple-well monitoring site (CWV1) in the southeastern portion of the Chuckwalla Basin. Data collected at this site provide information about the geology, hydrology, geophysics, and geochemistry of the local aquifer system, thus enhancing the understanding of the geohydrologic framework of the Chuckwalla Valley. This report presents construction information for the CWV1 multiple-well monitoring site and initial geohydrologic data collected from the site.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131221","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with U.S. Bureau of Land Management, California Desert District","usgsCitation":"Everett, R., 2013, Chuckwalla Valley multiple-well monitoring site, Chuckwalla Valley, Riverside County: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1221, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131221.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"6","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-041881","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278310,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131221.jpg"},{"id":278308,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1221/"},{"id":278309,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1221/pdf/ofr2013-1221.pdf"}],"projection":"Albers","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Chuckwalla Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -115.9982,33.1941 ], [ -115.9982,34.0801 ], [ -114.4349,34.0801 ], [ -114.4349,33.1941 ], [ -115.9982,33.1941 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52679052e4b0c24c90856d72","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Everett, Rhett R. 0000-0001-7983-6270 reverett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7983-6270","contributorId":843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Everett","given":"Rhett R.","email":"reverett@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":485062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}