The Paleozoic rock of Brown County includes formations of Cambrian, Ordovician, and Silurian age. These formations are eastward-dipping sedimentary rock that rest on Precambrian crystalline rock and are overlain by Pleistocene deposits. The units that are the principal sources of ground water were grouped into three aquifers (upper, St. Peter, and Elk Mound), and the less permeable units are grouped into three confining units (Maquoketa-Sinnipee, St. Lawrence, and Precambrian). The geologic and hydraulic characteristics of the aquifers and confining units are estimated from logs of more than 1,000 Brown County wells, from results of a packer test, and from published values.
\nRecharge to the water table, which was estimated at five monitored sites, ranges from 1 to 6 inches a year; most recharge is contributed by spring snowmelt and rainfall. A cone of depression caused by pumping the deeper aquifers in the Green Bay metropolitan area induces flow from the upper aquifer to the underlying st. Peter aquifer throughout most of the county. Several reaches of Duck Creek and the Suamico River also contribute water to the aquifers. A
\nbout 13 million gallons per day of ground water was pumped in Brown County during 1979, 63 percent of which was from wells open to both the St. Peter and Elk Mound aquifers. Municipal and industrial water users pumped 9.44 million gallons per day or 72 percent of the ground water withdrawn in 1979.
\nMost ground :water in the county is a calcium magnesium bicarbonate type. However, water from wells sampled in an area between the Fox River and Silurian escarpment have elevated levels of sodium (44 milligrams per liter) and sulfate (226 milligrams per liter). Water from wells that tap rocks older than Silurian dolomite contains high concentrations of strontium (more than 2.4 milligrams per liter) and fluoride (more than 0.85 milligrams per liter).
\nA three-dimensional digital model was used to simulate flow in the ground-water system. Model results indicate that sources of ground water pumped from wells tapping the St. Peter and Elk Mound aquifers in Brown County, 1979, include 4.8 million gallons per day of underflow, most of which enters the county across the west border; 1.9 million gallons per day of flow from vertical leakage within the county; and 1.5 million gallons per day from storage. The model is most sensitive to the horizontal hydraulic conductivity of the upper aquifer. Vertical hydraulic conductivity of the confining units and recharge rates to the water-table aquifer are the least well-defined model parameters.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wisconsin Geological & Natural History Survey","collaboration":"In cooperation with the University of Wisconsin-Extension, Geological and Natural History Survey","usgsCitation":"Krohelski, J.T., and Brown, B., 1986, Hydrogeology and ground-water use and quality, Brown County, Wisconsin: Wisconsin Geological & Natural History Survey Information Circular 57, v, 42 p.","productDescription":"v, 42 p.","numberOfPages":"49","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":308459,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":350385,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://wgnhs.uwex.edu/pubs/download_ic57/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Brown 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J. T.","contributorId":59046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krohelski","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":573205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, B.A.","contributorId":147913,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014857,"text":"70014857 - 1986 - Powder X-ray diffraction of florencite-(Nd)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-24T16:54:24.729674","indexId":"70014857","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3106,"text":"Powder Diffraction","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Powder X-ray diffraction of florencite-(Nd)","docAbstract":"Florencite-(Nd) [(Nd,Ce)Al3(PO4)2(OH)6], was first described by Milton and Bastron (1971) from fracture surfaces in weathered cherts of the Franciscan Complex, south of Sausalito in Marin County, California. Florencite-(Nd) occurred there as a moderate-brown pulverulent earthy material; individual crystals were not discernible under microscopic examination. A semi-quantitative spectrographic analysis showed the presence of Nd (3 wt. %) and Ce (0.5 wt. %). No powder data for florencite-(Nd) exists in the current powder diffraction file.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1017/S0885715600012021","issn":"08857156","usgsCitation":"Fitzpatrick, J., 1986, Powder X-ray diffraction of florencite-(Nd): Powder Diffraction, v. 1, no. 4, p. 330-330, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0885715600012021.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"330","endPage":"330","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225733,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Marin County","city":"Sausalito","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.5001410473408,\n 37.86029833407258\n ],\n [\n -122.5001410473408,\n 37.82493787595668\n ],\n [\n -122.46950199914482,\n 37.82493787595668\n ],\n [\n -122.46950199914482,\n 37.86029833407258\n ],\n [\n -122.5001410473408,\n 37.86029833407258\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"1","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-01-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a809ce4b0c8380cd7b0d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fitzpatrick, J.","contributorId":28744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70038342,"text":"70038342 - 1986 - Water resources inventory of Connecticut Part 9: Farmington River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-30T10:06:57","indexId":"70038342","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-01T10:47:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":108,"text":"Connecticut Water Resources Bulletin","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"29","title":"Water resources inventory of Connecticut Part 9: Farmington River basin","docAbstract":"The Farmington River basin covers 435 square miles in north-central Connecticut upstream from Tariffville and downstream of the Massachusetts state line. Most water in the basin is derived from precipitation, which averages 48 inches (366 billion gallons) per year. An additional 67 billion gallons of water per year enters the basin from Massachusetts in the West Branch of the Farmington River, Hubbard River, Valley Brook and some smaller streams. Of the total 433 billion gallons, 174 billion gallons returns to the atmosphere through evaporation and transpiration. 239 billion gallons flows out of the study area in the Farmington River at Tariffville, and 20 billion gallons is diverted for Hartford water supply. Variations in streamflow at 23 continuous-record gaging stations are summarized in standardized graphs and tables that can be used to estimate streamflow characteristics at other sites. For example, mean flow and low-flow characteristics such as the 7-day annual minimum flow for 2-year and 10-year recurrence intervals, have been determined for many partial-record stations from the data for the 23 continuous-record stations. Of the 31 principal lakes, ponds, and reservoirs in the basin, eight have usable storage capacities of more than 1 billion gallons. Two of the largest, Colebrook River Lake and Barkhamsted Reservoir, have more than 30 billion gallons usable storage. Floods have occurred in the area in every month of the year. The greatest known flood on the Farmington River was in August 1955, which had a peak flow of 140,000 cubic feet per second at Collinsville. Since then, three major floodcontrol reservoirs have been constructed to reduce the hazards of high streamflow. The major aquifers underlying the basin are composed of unconsolidated materials (stratified drift and till) and bedrock (sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic). Stratified drift overlies till and bedrock in valleys and lowlands; it averages about 90 feet in thickness, and is capable of large sustained yields of water to individual wells. Based on hydrologic characteristics and available recharge, sixteen stratified-drift areas are selected as the most favorable for large-scale development. Potential yields can be estimated by several methods. Small water supplies can be obtained from all aquifers. Wells in bedrock yield at least one to two gallons per minute at most sites. The probability of adequate yields for domestic supply is greater from sedimentary than from crystalline bedrock and is also greater from stratified-drift overburden than from till. The quality of water from all sources in the basin is good except where adversely affected by swamp drainage, aquifer composition or human activities. The water is generally low in dissolved-solids concentration and is soft to moderately hard. Surface water is less mineralized than ground water, especially during high-flow conditions when it is primarily direct runoff. Samples of water collected from 20 streams during high flow had 34 mg/L median dissolved-solids concentration and 16 mg/L median hardness. Samples collected from the same sites at low flow had 52 mg/L median dissolved solids and 28 mg/L median hardness. In contrast, water from wells had 112 mg/L median dissolved-solids concentration and 60 mg/L median hardness. Iron and manganese occur in objectionable concentrations ~n a few parts of the basin where streams drain swamps and aquifers are rich in iron- and manganese-bearing minerals. Five percent of streams at high flow, 21 percent at low flow, and 7 percent of ground-water samples contained iron in sufficient concentration to cause stains on plumbing fixtures and laundry. Human activities have modified the quality of water in parts of the basin. The high bacterial content of the Pequabuck River. and the high nitrate and chloride concentrations in some ground-water samples, are evidence of man’s influence. The quantity and quality of water in the basin’s streams and aquifers are satisfactory for a wide variety of uses. and, with suitable treatment, may be used for most purposes. The total amount of water used by 21 principal public supplies within the basin was 29 billion gallons in 1970. About 70 percent of this was used for domestic and commercial purposes, and nearly 30 percent was used by industry. Analyses of water from these systems show good quality.
","language":"English","publisher":"Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection","collaboration":"Prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Handman, E.H., Haeni, F.P., and Thomas, M.P., 1986, Water resources inventory of Connecticut Part 9: Farmington River basin: Connecticut Water Resources Bulletin 29, Report: viii, 91 p.; 4 Plates: 38.67 x 42.36 inches and smaller.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 91 p.; 4 Plates: 38.67 x 42.36 inches and smaller","numberOfPages":"101","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":286022,"rank":6,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70038342.jpg"},{"id":311385,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70038342/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":286018,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70038342/plate-a.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":286021,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70038342/plate-d.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":286019,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70038342/plate-b.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":286020,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70038342/plate-c.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"48000","country":"United States","state":"Connecticut","otherGeospatial":"Farmington River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.30215454101562,\n 41.53839396783225\n ],\n [\n -73.30215454101562,\n 42.04317376494972\n ],\n [\n -72.68280029296875,\n 42.04317376494972\n ],\n [\n -72.68280029296875,\n 41.53839396783225\n ],\n [\n -73.30215454101562,\n 41.53839396783225\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcb7fe4b08c986b32d69f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Handman, Elinor H.","contributorId":31748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Handman","given":"Elinor","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haeni, F. Peter","contributorId":41479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeni","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"Peter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thomas, Mendall P.","contributorId":104314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Mendall","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70006772,"text":"70006772 - 1986 - Energy budget and prey requirements of breeding lapland longspurs Calcarius lapponicus near Barrow Alaska, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-04T16:23:15","indexId":"70006772","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T14:43:43","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":898,"text":"Arctic and Alpine Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Energy budget and prey requirements of breeding lapland longspurs Calcarius lapponicus near Barrow Alaska, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"Breeding Lapland longspurs, Calcarius lapponicus, near Barrow, Alaska, have relatively constant energy demands throughout the summer; the average estimated daily energy budgets (DEBs) were 132 and 118 kJ for the male and female. Thermoregulation accounted consistently for one-quarter to one-third of the total DEB. Flight in the male and incubation in the female were major components of the DEB early in the season, whereas cost of molt was a major component for both sexes near the end of the season. Our estimates of longspur DEB based on a time-activity approach were similar to those based on a cage existence model. Minor differences are explained by increased male territorial activity, by energy savings of the female during incubation, and by contraction of the molt for both sexes within the short summer season. Male and female longspurs were estimated to capture 3000 to 10,000 seeds and insects d-1 (3-20 items min-1 foraging) for self maintenance while in summer residence near Barrow. Each adult was estimated to capture an additional 3000 insects d-1 ( 6-7 insects min-1 foraging) during the peak energy requirements to raise five young. While raising young, the maximum required capture rate of prey per time foraging for each adult occurred during the nestling stage; young are just achieving independence, however, when food supply is at a maximum.
","language":"English","publisher":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","doi":"10.2307/1551091","usgsCitation":"Custer, T., Osborn, R.G., Pitelka, F., and Gessaman, J., 1986, Energy budget and prey requirements of breeding lapland longspurs Calcarius lapponicus near Barrow Alaska, U.S.A.: Arctic and Alpine Research, v. 18, no. 4, p. 415-428, https://doi.org/10.2307/1551091.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"415","endPage":"428","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":258934,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","city":"Barrow","volume":"18","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0945e4b0c8380cd51e4f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Custer, T. W. 0000-0003-3170-6519","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3170-6519","contributorId":91802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"T. W.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":355188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Osborn, R. G.","contributorId":76700,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Osborn","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pitelka, F.A.","contributorId":7676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pitelka","given":"F.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gessaman, J.A.","contributorId":14910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gessaman","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70006493,"text":"70006493 - 1986 - Liquid chromatography of hydrocarbonaeous quaternary amines on cyclodextrin bonded silica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-16T23:08:30.505957","indexId":"70006493","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T14:11:57","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2213,"text":"Journal of Chromatography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Liquid chromatography of hydrocarbonaeous quaternary amines on cyclodextrin bonded silica","docAbstract":"Mixtures of n-alkylbenzyldimethylammonium chloride (ABDAC) were resolved into homologous components by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a cyclodextrin-bonded silica stationary phase. With a few exceptions, results from this study are similar to those obtained from traditional reversed-phase HPLC. It was found that the presence of electrolytes in aqueous mobile phases is not a critical factor in determining the success of HPLC separation. Under normal HPLC conditions, a mobile phase consisting of either methanol—water (50:50) or acetonitrile—water (30:70) was employed for obtaining adequate resolution of the quaternary ammonium mixtures. Although the percent organic modifier—water profiles were similar to those in previous studies with these compounds, resolution (R) and selectivity (α) parameters were found to be quite susceptible to changes in the mobile phase solvent composition. The retention behavior of the cationic analytes in the homologous series is consistent with the hydrophobic-interaction concept proposed for the retention mechanism via dominant inclusion complex formation. Several electolytes were chosen for a study of the counter ion effect on the chromatographic characteristics of ABDAC components. Among the electrolytes examined, the perchlorate ion was found most likely to act as an ion-pairing counter ion for ammonium cations in the HPLC system studied. A correlation study established linear relationships between the chain length of ABDAC and the logarithmic capacity factor (k′). The analytical utility of the HPLC method was demonstrated by the analysis of various unknown mixtures.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/S0021-9673(01)86948-X","usgsCitation":"Abidi, S.L., 1986, Liquid chromatography of hydrocarbonaeous quaternary amines on cyclodextrin bonded silica: Journal of Chromatography, v. 362, no. 1, p. 33-46, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)86948-X.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"33","endPage":"46","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259538,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"362","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a47fce4b0c8380cd67b30","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Abidi, S. L.","contributorId":19898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abidi","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014868,"text":"70014868 - 1986 - A kinematic model of southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-10T16:58:48.71321","indexId":"70014868","displayToPublicDate":"2010-07-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3524,"text":"Tectonics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A kinematic model of southern California","docAbstract":"We propose a kinematic model for southern California based on late Quaternary slip rates and orientations of major faults in the region. Internally consistent motions are determined assuming that these faults bound rigid blocks. Relative to North America, most of California west of the San Andreas fault is moving parallel to the San Andreas fault through the Transverse Ranges and not parallel to the motion of the Pacific plate. This is accomplished by counterclockwise rotation of California south of the San Andreas fault and by the westward movement of central California north of the Gar lock fault. The velocities of the blocks are calculated along several paths in southern California that begin in the Mojave Desert and end off the California coast. A path that crosses the western Transverse Ranges accumulates the accepted relative North America-Pacific plate velocity, whereas paths to the north and south result in a significant missing component of motion. This implies the existence of a zone of active deformation in southern California that is interpreted to include the western Transverse Ranges and northwest trending, predominately strike-slip faults close to the coast both north and south of the Transverse Ranges. Strain on this system accounts for about a third of the total North America-Pacific plate motion.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TC005i001p00033","issn":"02787407","usgsCitation":"Weldon, R., and Humphreys, E., 1986, A kinematic model of southern California: Tectonics, v. 5, no. 1, p. 33-48, https://doi.org/10.1029/TC005i001p00033.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"33","endPage":"48","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225856,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"southern California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.95429455591723,\n 36.479023833519804\n ],\n [\n -121.95429455591723,\n 32.61748294993062\n ],\n [\n -114.28321931595231,\n 32.61748294993062\n ],\n [\n -114.28321931595231,\n 36.479023833519804\n ],\n [\n -121.95429455591723,\n 36.479023833519804\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"5","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e42ce4b0c8380cd4647d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weldon, R.","contributorId":99307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weldon","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Humphreys, E.","contributorId":43112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Humphreys","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5222080,"text":"5222080 - 1986 - Analysis of utilization of desert habitats with dynamic simulation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:52","indexId":"5222080","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:02","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2258,"text":"Journal of Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of utilization of desert habitats with dynamic simulation","docAbstract":"The effects of climate and herbivores on cool desert shrubs in north-western Utah were investigated with a dynamic simulation model. Cool desert shrublands are extensively managed as grazing lands, and are defoliated annually by domestic livestock. A primary production model was used to simulate harvest yields and shrub responses under a variety of climatic regimes and defoliation patterns. The model consists of six plant components, and it is based on equations of growth analysis. Plant responses were simulated under various combinations of 20 annual weather patterns and 14 defoliation strategies. Results of the simulations exhibit some unexpected linearities in model behavior, and emphasize the importance of both the pattern of climate and the level of plant vigor in determining optimal harvest strategies. Model behaviors are interpreted in terms of shrub morphology, physiology and ecology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Williams, B.K., 1986, Analysis of utilization of desert habitats with dynamic simulation: Journal of Environmental Management, v. 23, p. 1-18.","productDescription":"1-18","startPage":"1","endPage":"18","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199303,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db688fe3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, B. Kenneth","contributorId":107798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"Kenneth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5222095,"text":"5222095 - 1986 - Nest-site biology of the California condor","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-24T14:19:34.13502","indexId":"5222095","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:01","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nest-site biology of the California condor","docAbstract":"A study of 72 historical and recent nests of the California Condor (Gymnogyps californianus) has revealed considerable variability in nest-site characteristics. This paper primarily summarizes the data on nest elevations and dimensions, entrance orientations, nest longevity and re-use, vulnerability of sites to natural enemies, and use of sites by other species. Although all known nests have been natural cavities, some have been little more than overhung ledges on cliffs, while others have been deep, dark caves with nest chambers completely concealed from the outside. Two sites have been cavities in giant sequoias (Sequoiadendron giganteum). Contrary to previous assumptions, condors do modify the characteristics of their nest sites significantly and commonly construct substrates of coarse gravel on which to rest their eggs. Many nests have been completely accessible to terrestrial predators, many have been poorly protected from avian predators, and some have had structural flaws leading directly to nesting failure. The use of suboptimal sites has not been clearly related to a scarcity of better quality sites.","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1368920","usgsCitation":"Snyder, N., Ramey, R., and Sibley, F., 1986, Nest-site biology of the California condor: Condor, v. 88, no. 2, p. 228-241, https://doi.org/10.2307/1368920.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"228","endPage":"241","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480122,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol88/iss2/13","text":"External Repository"},{"id":197949,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"88","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae77c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snyder, N.F.R.","contributorId":59383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"N.F.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ramey, R.R.","contributorId":70883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramey","given":"R.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sibley, F.C.","contributorId":79971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sibley","given":"F.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5222084,"text":"5222084 - 1986 - Environmental contaminants in surrogates, foods, and feathers of California condors (Gymnogyps californianus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-19T17:38:50.30475","indexId":"5222084","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:01","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Environmental contaminants in surrogates, foods, and feathers of California condors (Gymnogyps californianus)","title":"Environmental contaminants in surrogates, foods, and feathers of California condors (Gymnogyps californianus)","docAbstract":"California condor (Gymnogyps californianus) foods and feathers, and turkey vultures (Cathartes aura), common ravens (Corvus corax), and their eggs were collected within the condor range to determine exposure of condors to environmental contaminants. Samples were analyzed for organochlorines and trace elements. Food items contained low concentrations of organochlorines and generally low concentrations of lead. DDE was detected in all vulture carcasses and nearly all raven carcasses at generally moderate concentrations. Other organochlorines occurred infrequently in carcasses and generally at low concentrations. Turkey vulture eggshells were 16% thinner than the pre-DDT mean; there was no change in shell thickness of raven eggs. Vulture eggs contained an average of 6.9 ppm DDE and two contained excessive concentrations of endrin. DDE concentrations were low in raven eggs. Residues of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Ni, Se, Tl, and Zn in tissues of vultures and ravens appeared normal when compared with reference values for other species. Lead concentrations in bone of turkey vultures and feathers of condors appeared to be elevated above normal background concentrations in some cases. Current exposure of condors to organochlorines appears low; however, we are concerned about the excessive exposure of turkey vultures to organochlorines, possibly in Central America. Lead exposure to vultures and condors has occurred, but its significance to their populations is unknown.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00394290","usgsCitation":"Wiemeyer, S.N., Jurek, R., and Moore, J.F., 1986, Environmental contaminants in surrogates, foods, and feathers of California condors (Gymnogyps californianus): Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 6, no. 1, p. 91-111, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00394290.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"91","endPage":"111","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197851,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db60240e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wiemeyer, Stanley N.","contributorId":78279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiemeyer","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jurek, R.M.","contributorId":54313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jurek","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moore, John F.","contributorId":30185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5222136,"text":"5222136 - 1986 - Dieldrin and endrin residues in fulvous whistling-ducks in Texas in 1983","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:08","indexId":"5222136","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dieldrin and endrin residues in fulvous whistling-ducks in Texas in 1983","docAbstract":"Fulvous Whistling-Ducks were collected near nesting areas in the rice fields of Texas in 1983 to determine if these birds continue to carry residue levels of organochlorine contaminants, and if the contaminants were acquired in Texas or Mexico. Adults were collected immediately after they arrived from wintering grounds and juveniles were collected in late summer before their departure to wintering grounds. Carcasses of 7 of 15 adults, some of which had been feeding in rice fields, contained residues of dieldrin in low to moderately high levels and 4 contained low levels of endrin. None of 16 flightless juveniles contained organochlorine residues. The contaminated adults were most likely exposed to aldrin or dieldrin via illegal treatment of rice seed with aldrin in some nesting areas of Texas.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Field Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Flickinger, E.L., Mitchell, C.A., and Krynitsky, A.J., 1986, Dieldrin and endrin residues in fulvous whistling-ducks in Texas in 1983: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 57, no. 2, p. 85-90.","productDescription":"85-90","startPage":"85","endPage":"90","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":17710,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/JFO/v057n02/p0085-p0090.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":195851,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d91e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flickinger, Edward L.","contributorId":48907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flickinger","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mitchell, C. A.","contributorId":54543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krynitsky, A. J.","contributorId":73954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krynitsky","given":"A.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5221499,"text":"5221499 - 1986 - Sources of variation in extinction rates, turnover, and diversity of marine invertebrate families during the Paleozoic","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-06T13:41:30.624384","indexId":"5221499","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3001,"text":"Paleobiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sources of variation in extinction rates, turnover, and diversity of marine invertebrate families during the Paleozoic","docAbstract":"We have recently shown how capture-recapture models can be used in conjunction with stratigraphic range data to estimate taxonomic extinction rates and taxonomic diversity. Here we present a new method that can be used to estimate taxonomic turnover (defined here as the proportion of taxa extant at time i, that originated in the interval i – 1 to i). We used these methods in conjunction with stratigraphic range data for families in five phyla of Paleozoic marine invertebrates. We estimated fossil encounter probabilities, extinction rates, diversity, and turnover and used these estimates to test hypotheses about variation among phyla and geologic series. Encounter probabilities varied among taxa and showed evidence of a decrease over time for the geologic series examined. The number of families varied substantially among the five phyla and showed some evidence of an increase over the series examined. There was no evidence of variation in extinction probabilities among the phyla. Although there was evidence of temporal variation in extinction probabilities within phyla, there was no evidence of a linear decrease in extinction probabilities over time, as has been reported by others. We did find evidence of high extinction probabilities for the two intervals that had been identified by others as periods of mass extinction. We found no evidence of variation in turnover among the five phyla. There was evidence of temporal variation in turnover, with greater turnover occurring in the older series.
A gas-liquid chromatographic method was modified to quantify both unmetabolized (“free”) and metabolized (“bound”, i.e., thiocyanates) cyanides. The methods for both are efficient and sensitive to 0.05 ppm. Repeated freezing and thawing of whole blood from treated cathartids caused an initial increase in free cyanide concentrations, followed by a gradual decline to a plateau. Bound cyanide concentrations declined after repeated freezing and thawing.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620050902","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Krynitsky, A.J., Wiemeyer, S.N., Hill, E.F., and Carpenter, J.W., 1986, Analysis of cyanide in whole blood of dosed cathartids: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 5, no. 9, p. 787-789, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620050902.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"787","endPage":"789","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197401,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1986-09-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acfe4b07f02db68062b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krynitsky, A. J.","contributorId":73954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krynitsky","given":"A.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wiemeyer, Stanley N.","contributorId":78279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiemeyer","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hill, E. F.","contributorId":14362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carpenter, J. W.","contributorId":81854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carpenter","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5222108,"text":"5222108 - 1986 - An ecological model of the effects of exotic factors on limiting Hawaiian honeycreeper populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:45","indexId":"5222108","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2938,"text":"Ohio Journal of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An ecological model of the effects of exotic factors on limiting Hawaiian honeycreeper populations","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ohio Journal of Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Mountainspring, S., 1986, An ecological model of the effects of exotic factors on limiting Hawaiian honeycreeper populations: Ohio Journal of Science, v. 86, no. 3, p. 95-100.","productDescription":"95-100","startPage":"95","endPage":"100","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197644,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db684b57","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mountainspring, Stephen","contributorId":22450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mountainspring","given":"Stephen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5222139,"text":"5222139 - 1986 - The use of natural vs. man-modified wetlands by shorebirds and waterbirds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-17T16:20:26","indexId":"5222139","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1272,"text":"Colonial Waterbirds","printIssn":"07386028","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The use of natural vs. man-modified wetlands by shorebirds and waterbirds","docAbstract":"The loss of wetlands continues world-wide. The impact especially has been felt in coastal areas, but water management elsewhere has resulted in marked reductions of aquatic bird populations. Concern for wetland management led to the convocation of a symposium on waterbird and shorebird use of natural and man-modified wetlands in December 1985 at the first joint meeting of the Colonial Waterbird Group and the Pacific Seabird Group. Contributions discussed a wide cross-section of taxa, geographic area, wetland type, and level of approach. Coverage included North America, South America, and Europe.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Colonial Waterbirds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2307/1521205","usgsCitation":"Erwin, R.M., Coulter, M., and Cogswell, H., 1986, The use of natural vs. man-modified wetlands by shorebirds and waterbirds: Colonial Waterbirds, v. 9, no. 2, p. 137-138, https://doi.org/10.2307/1521205.","productDescription":"137-138","startPage":"137","endPage":"138","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201525,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5fe4b07f02db6347ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Erwin, R. Michael","contributorId":87854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erwin","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coulter, Malcolm","contributorId":63506,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Coulter","given":"Malcolm","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cogswell, H.","contributorId":11310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cogswell","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5222137,"text":"5222137 - 1986 - Modified milk carton nest box for studies of prothonotary warblers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:35","indexId":"5222137","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modified milk carton nest box for studies of prothonotary warblers","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Field Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Fleming, W.J., and Petit, D.R., 1986, Modified milk carton nest box for studies of prothonotary warblers: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 57, no. 4, p. 313-315.","productDescription":"313-315","startPage":"313","endPage":"315","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":17709,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/JFO/v057n04/p0313-p0315.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":201522,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db6993c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fleming, W. James","contributorId":85279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleming","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Petit, D. R.","contributorId":97865,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Petit","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5222153,"text":"5222153 - 1986 - Reproductive success and heavy metal contamination in Rhode Island common terns","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-24T13:28:02","indexId":"5222153","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:59","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1556,"text":"Environmental Pollution (Series A)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reproductive success and heavy metal contamination in Rhode Island common terns","docAbstract":"Common tern cIutch size, reproductive success and growth of young recorded from an abandoned barge on the Providence River, an area of heavy metal contamination, were equal to, or greater than, .from less contaminated areas. Concentrations of copper and zinc were higher in livers of nestling terns from the Providence River than from other, less contaminated, areas. However, concentrations of magnesium, manganese, and iron and the frequency of nickel were equal, or lower, at Providence than other, less contaminated, locations. Among-colony trends in residues of copper, zinc and nickel in prey samples were similar to trends .found in nestling livers. Uric acid concentrations in nestling blood were twice as high in the Providence River than another colony and may have resulted from moderate levels of chromium in the diet.","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/0143-1471(86)90105-4","usgsCitation":"Custer, T., Franson, J.C., Moore, J.F., and Myers, J., 1986, Reproductive success and heavy metal contamination in Rhode Island common terns: Environmental Pollution (Series A), v. 41, no. 1, p. 33-52, https://doi.org/10.1016/0143-1471(86)90105-4.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"33","endPage":"52","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195947,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67b299","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Custer, T. W. 0000-0003-3170-6519","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3170-6519","contributorId":91802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"T. W.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":335656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Franson, J. C. 0000-0002-0251-4238","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0251-4238","contributorId":99071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moore, John F.","contributorId":30185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Myers, J.E.","contributorId":92770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Myers","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5223158,"text":"5223158 - 1986 - Seasonal influence of nutrients on the physiology and behavior of captive canvasbacks (Aythya valisineria)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:04","indexId":"5223158","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:59","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1397,"text":"Dissertation Abstracts International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal influence of nutrients on the physiology and behavior of captive canvasbacks (Aythya valisineria)","docAbstract":"Captive canvasbacks (Aythya valisineria) were maintained ad libitum on five diets during the winters of 1978-79 and 1979-80 to evaluate the effects of varying protein and energy levels on feed intake and condition. Diets were formulated to simulate either a natural diet high in invertebrates or one high in vegetation. Two diets low in protein and energy simulated stress diets. Feed intake during the 1979-80 winter, when diets varied the most, was 30% higher for canvasbacks fed the low energy (1543 kcal/kg) diet than for canvasbacks fed the high energy (3638 kcal/kg) diet. Body weight of males and females did not differ between groups fed different diets, but there were seasonal differences (P < 0.05) for both sexes aggregated across diets. Feed intake and body weights were greatest in November and April and least in January and February. Convasbacks lost weight and ate less during the most stressful periods despite ad libitum feed supplies. No differences could be detected in the behavior of captive canvasbacks as a result of the diets they received. Differences due to season and sex were observed for some behaviors. Inactivity increased (P < 0.05) during the winter apparently as a mechanism to conserve energy.Overall, captive canvasbacks were able to maintain themselves during winter on diets with as little as 10% protein and 1543 kcal/kg provided adequate quantities of food were available. Availability of low energy food (e.g. clams) may be the limiting factor in regard to winter survival of wild canvasbacks. The distribution and abundance of canvasbacks in some wintering areas ultimately has been influenced by the quantity and probably the quality of available nutrients.Data from this study indicate that canvasbacks are unable to adjust intake rates to compensate for low energy foods and may subsequently store less fat or modify behavior and microclimate. However, decreased weight, feed intake, and activity of ducks fed ad libitum rations occurred in mid-winter irrespective of diet quality and appeared to be an endogenous component of their annual cycle which persists in captivity. These changes apparently have a selective advantage of increasing the probability of survival in ducks by decreasing energy expenditure during periods of winter stress.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Dissertation Abstracts International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Perry, M., 1986, Seasonal influence of nutrients on the physiology and behavior of captive canvasbacks (Aythya valisineria): Dissertation Abstracts International, v. 46B, no. 10.","productDescription":"3291 (abstract)","startPage":"3291 (abs)","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198143,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46B","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f5e4b07f02db5f0c50","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perry, Matthew C. 0000-0001-6452-9534","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6452-9534","contributorId":16372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Matthew C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5222159,"text":"5222159 - 1986 - Constant-parameter capture-recapture models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-06T12:46:01.155272","indexId":"5222159","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:59","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1039,"text":"Biometrics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Constant-parameter capture-recapture models","docAbstract":"Jolly (1982, Biometrics 38, 301-321) presented modifications of the Jolly-Seber model for capture-recapture data, which assume constant survival and/or capture rates. Where appropriate, because of the reduced number of parameters, these models lead to more efficient estimators than the Jolly-Seber model. The tests to compare models given by Jolly do not make complete use of the data, and we present here the appropriate modifications, and also indicate how to carry out goodness-of-fit tests which utilize individual capture history information. We also describe analogous models for the case where young and adult animals are tagged. The availability of computer programs to perform the analysis is noted, and examples are given using output from these programs.","language":"English","publisher":"International Biometric Society","doi":"10.2307/2531206","usgsCitation":"Brownie, C., Hines, J., and Nichols, J., 1986, Constant-parameter capture-recapture models: Biometrics, v. 42, no. 3, p. 561-574, https://doi.org/10.2307/2531206.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"561","endPage":"574","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196256,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b12e4b07f02db6a2f9b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brownie, C.","contributorId":43463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brownie","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hines, J.E. 0000-0001-5478-7230","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":36885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":335671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5210376,"text":"5210376 - 1986 - Developing a practical model to predict nesting habitat of woodland hawks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:13","indexId":"5210376","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:17","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Developing a practical model to predict nesting habitat of woodland hawks","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife 2000: Modeling Habitat Relationships of Terrestrial Vertebrates","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of Wisconsin Press","publisherLocation":"Madison. WI","usgsCitation":"Mosher, J.A., Titus, K., and Fuller, M., 1986, Developing a practical model to predict nesting habitat of woodland hawks, chap. of Wildlife 2000: Modeling Habitat Relationships of Terrestrial Vertebrates, p. 31-35.","productDescription":"xxv,470","startPage":"31","endPage":"35","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195830,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db66737e","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Verner, Jared","contributorId":111929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verner","given":"Jared","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506371,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morrison, Michael L.","contributorId":111417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrison","given":"Michael L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506370,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ralph, C. John","contributorId":71284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ralph","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506369,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Mosher, J. A.","contributorId":34605,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mosher","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Titus, K.","contributorId":93865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Titus","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fuller, M.R.","contributorId":71278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":80367,"text":"fwsobs82_10_128 - 1986 - Habitat Suitability Index Models: Wildlife species richness in shelterbelts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-09T14:36:31.862853","indexId":"fwsobs82_10_128","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"82/10.128","subseriesTitle":"Habitat Suitability Index","title":"Habitat Suitability Index Models: Wildlife species richness in shelterbelts","docAbstract":"A review and synthesis of existing information were used to develop a Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) model for evaluating potential species richness in shelterbelts. The model consolidates habitat use information into a framework appropriate for field application, and is scaled to produce an index between 0.0 (unsuitable habitat) to 1.0 (optimum habitat). HSI models are designed to be used with Habitat Evaluation Procedures previously developed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Schroeder, R.L., 1986, Habitat Suitability Index Models: Wildlife species richness in shelterbelts: FWS/OBS 82/10.128, viii, 17 p.","productDescription":"viii, 17 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195636,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649726","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schroeder, Richard L.","contributorId":10368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroeder","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":80369,"text":"fwsobs82_10_125 - 1986 - Habitat Suitability Index Models: Slider turtle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-09T14:14:47.937242","indexId":"fwsobs82_10_125","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"82/10.125","subseriesTitle":"Habitat Suitability Index","title":"Habitat Suitability Index Models: Slider turtle","docAbstract":"A review and synthesis of existing information were used to develop a Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) model for the slider turtle (Pseudemys scripta). The model consolidates habitat use information into a framework appropriate for field application and is scaled to produce an index between 0.0 (unsuitable habitat) and 1.0 (optimum habitat). HSI models are designed to be used with Habitat Evaluation Procedures previously developed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Morreale, S.J., and Gibbons, J., 1986, Habitat Suitability Index Models: Slider turtle: FWS/OBS 82/10.125, vi, 14 p.","productDescription":"vi, 14 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190796,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649783","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morreale, Stephen J.","contributorId":63483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morreale","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gibbons, J. Whitfield","contributorId":46584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibbons","given":"J. Whitfield","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":80368,"text":"fwsobs82_10_129 - 1986 - Habitat Suitability Index Models and Instream Flow Suitability Curves: Shortnose sturgeon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-09T14:35:27.599638","indexId":"fwsobs82_10_129","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"82/10.129","subseriesTitle":"Habitat Suitability Index","title":"Habitat Suitability Index Models and Instream Flow Suitability Curves: Shortnose sturgeon","docAbstract":"A review and synthesis of existing information were used to develop habitat suitability index models and instream flow suitability curves for the shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum). The model consolidates habitat use information into a framework appropriate for field application, and is scaled to produce an index between 0.0 (unsuitable habitat) to 1.0 (optimum habitat). HSI models are designed to be used with Habitat Evaluation Procedures previously developed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Crance, J.H., 1986, Habitat Suitability Index Models and Instream Flow Suitability Curves: Shortnose sturgeon: FWS/OBS 82/10.129, vi, 31 p.","productDescription":"vi, 31 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190765,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db649ef9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crance, Johnie H.","contributorId":9326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crance","given":"Johnie","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":80355,"text":"fwsobs82_10_121 - 1986 - Habitat Suitability Index Models: Northern pintail (gulf coast wintering)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-09T14:38:13.295521","indexId":"fwsobs82_10_121","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"82/10.121","subseriesTitle":"Habitat Suitability Index","title":"Habitat Suitability Index Models: Northern pintail (gulf coast wintering)","docAbstract":"A review and synthesis of existing information were used to develop a model for evaluating wintering habitat quality for northern pintail (Anas acuta) along the Gulf of Mexico coast. The model is scaled to produce an index between unsuitable habitat) and 1.0 (optimal habitat). Habitat suitability index models are designed for use with the Habitat Evaluation Procedures previously developed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Guidelines for model application and techniques for measuring model variables are provided.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Howard, R.J., and Kantrud, H.A., 1986, Habitat Suitability Index Models: Northern pintail (gulf coast wintering): FWS/OBS 82/10.121, vi, 16 p.","productDescription":"vi, 16 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190771,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db6497b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howard, Rebecca J. 0000-0001-7264-4364 howardr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7264-4364","contributorId":2429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"Rebecca","email":"howardr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kantrud, Harold A.","contributorId":82375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kantrud","given":"Harold","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":80358,"text":"fwsobs82_10_119 - 1986 - Habitat Suitability Index Models and Instream Flow Suitability Curves: Redbreast sunfish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-09T14:37:11.772049","indexId":"fwsobs82_10_119","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"82/10.119","subseriesTitle":"Habitat Suitability Index","title":"Habitat Suitability Index Models and Instream Flow Suitability Curves: Redbreast sunfish","docAbstract":"A review and synthesis of existing information were used to develop habitat suitability index models and instream flow suitability curves for the redbreast sunfish (Lepomis auritus). The model consolidates habitat use information into a framework appropriate for field application, and is scaled to produce an index between 0.0 (unsuitable habitat) to 1.0 (optimum habitat). HSI models are designed to be used with Habitat Evaluation Procedures previously developed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Aho, J.M., Anderson, C.S., and Terrell, J.W., 1986, Habitat Suitability Index Models and Instream Flow Suitability Curves: Redbreast sunfish: FWS/OBS 82/10.119, vi, 23 p.","productDescription":"vi, 23 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191311,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db649e4a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aho, John M.","contributorId":107790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aho","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Charles S.","contributorId":9725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Terrell, James W. 0000-0001-5394-5663","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5394-5663","contributorId":92726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terrell","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":80343,"text":"fwsobs82_10_117 - 1986 - Habitat Suitability Index Models: Lesser scaup (breeding)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-09T14:38:42.004879","indexId":"fwsobs82_10_117","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"82/10.117","subseriesTitle":"Habitat Suitability Index","title":"Habitat Suitability Index Models: Lesser scaup (breeding)","docAbstract":"A review and synthesis of existing information were used to develop a Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) model for the lesser scaup (Aythya affinis). The model consolidates habitat use information into a framework appropriate for field application, and is scaled to produce an index between 0.0 (unsuitable habitat) to 1.0 (optimum habitat). HSI models are designed to be used with Habitat Evaluation Procedures previously developed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Allen, A.W., 1986, Habitat Suitability Index Models: Lesser scaup (breeding): FWS/OBS 82/10.117, vi, 16 p.","productDescription":"vi, 16 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192272,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649b31","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, Arthur W.","contributorId":40648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}