{"pageNumber":"1464","pageRowStart":"36575","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165303,"records":[{"id":70044668,"text":"ds750 - 2013 - Geodatabase and characteristics of springs within and surrounding the Trinity aquifer outcrops in northern Bexar County, Texas, 2010--11","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-05T14:21:39","indexId":"ds750","displayToPublicDate":"2013-03-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"750","title":"Geodatabase and characteristics of springs within and surrounding the Trinity aquifer outcrops in northern Bexar County, Texas, 2010--11","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Trinity Glen Rose Groundwater Conservation District, the Edwards Aquifer Authority, and the San Antonio River Authority, developed a geodatabase of springs within and surrounding the Trinity aquifer outcrops in a 331-square-mile study area in northern Bexar County, Texas. The data used to develop the geodatabase were compiled from existing reports and databases, along with spring data collected between October 2010 and September 2011. Characteristics including the location, discharge, and water-quality properties were collected for known springs and documented in the geodatabase. A total of 141 springs were located within the study area, and 46 springs were field verified. The discharge at springs with flow ranged from 0.003 to 1.46 cubic feet per second. The specific conductance of the water discharging from the springs ranged from 167 to 1,130 microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius with a majority of values in the range of 500 microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds750","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Trinity Glen Rose Groundwater Conservation District, Edwards Aquifer Authority, and San Antonio River Authority","usgsCitation":"Clark, A.K., Pedraza, D.E., Morris, R., and Garcia, T.J., 2013, Geodatabase and characteristics of springs within and surrounding the Trinity aquifer outcrops in northern Bexar County, Texas, 2010--11: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 750, Document: vi, 20 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds750.","productDescription":"Document: vi, 20 p.; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"31","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":269777,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds750.gif"},{"id":269774,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/750/"},{"id":269775,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/750/pdf/ds750.pdf"},{"id":269776,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/750/downloads/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Bexar County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -98.81,29.11 ], [ -98.81,29.76 ], [ -98.12,29.76 ], [ -98.12,29.11 ], [ -98.81,29.11 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"514acc5fe4b0040b38150c89","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Allan K. 0000-0003-0099-1521 akclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0099-1521","contributorId":1279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Allan","email":"akclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pedraza, Diana E. 0000-0003-4483-8094 dpedraza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4483-8094","contributorId":1281,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pedraza","given":"Diana","email":"dpedraza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morris, Robert R. 0000-0001-7504-3732","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7504-3732","contributorId":106213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"Robert R.","affiliations":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Garcia, Travis J.","contributorId":26173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garcia","given":"Travis","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70188514,"text":"70188514 - 2013 - Lateglacial and Holocene climate, disturbance and permafrost peatland dynamics on the Seward Peninsula, western Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-14T13:36:29","indexId":"70188514","displayToPublicDate":"2013-03-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lateglacial and Holocene climate, disturbance and permafrost peatland dynamics on the Seward Peninsula, western Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>Northern peatlands have accumulated large carbon (C) stocks, acting as a long-term atmospheric C sink since the last deglaciation. How these C-rich ecosystems will respond to future climate change, however, is still poorly understood. Furthermore, many northern peatlands exist in regions underlain by permafrost, adding to the challenge of projecting C balance under changing climate and permafrost dynamics. In this study, we used a paleoecological approach to examine the effect of past climates and local disturbances on vegetation and C accumulation at a peatland complex on the southern Seward Peninsula, Alaska over the past ∼15&nbsp;ka (1&nbsp;ka&nbsp;=&nbsp;1000&nbsp;cal&nbsp;yr BP). We analyzed two cores about 30&nbsp;m apart, NL10-1 (from a permafrost peat plateau) and NL10-2 (from an adjacent thermokarst collapse-scar bog), for peat organic matter (OM), C accumulation rates, macrofossil, pollen and grain size analysis.</span></p><p><span>A wet rich fen occurred during the initial stages of peatland development at the thermokarst site (NL10-2). The presence of tree pollen from <i>Picea</i><span> spp. and </span><i>Larix laricinia</i><span> at 13.5–12.1&nbsp;ka indicates a warm regional climate, corresponding with the well-documented Bølling–Allerød warm period. A cold and dry climate interval at 12.1–11.1&nbsp;ka is indicated by the disappearance of tree pollen and increase in Poaceae pollen and an increase in woody material, likely representing a local expression of the Younger Dryas (YD) event. Following the YD, the warm Holocene Thermal Maximum (HTM) is characterized by the presence of </span><i>Populus</i><span> pollen, while the presence of </span><i>Sphagnum</i><span> spp. and increased C accumulation rates suggest high peatland productivity under a warm climate. Toward the end of the HTM and throughout the mid-Holocene a wet climate-induced several major flooding disturbance events at 10&nbsp;ka, 8.1&nbsp;ka, 6&nbsp;ka, 5.4&nbsp;ka and 4.7&nbsp;ka, as evidenced by decreases in OM, and increases in coarse sand abundance and aquatic fossils (algae </span><i>Chara</i><span> and water fleas </span><i>Daphnia</i><span>). The initial peatland at permafrost site (NL10-1) is characterized by rapid C accumulation (66&nbsp;g&nbsp;C&nbsp;m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>&nbsp;yr</span><sup>−1</sup><span>), high OM content and a peak in </span><i>Sphagnum</i><span> spp. at 5.8–4.6&nbsp;ka, suggesting the lack of permafrost. A transition to extremely low C accumulation rates of 6.3&nbsp;g&nbsp;C&nbsp;m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>&nbsp;yr</span><sup>−1</sup><span> after 4.5&nbsp;ka at this site suggests the onset of permafrost aggradation, likely in response to Neoglacial climate cooling as documented across the circum-Arctic region. A similar decrease in C accumulation rates also occurred at non-permafrost site NL10-2. Time-weighted C accumulation rates are 21.8&nbsp;g&nbsp;C&nbsp;m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>&nbsp;yr</span><sup>−1</sup><span> for core NL10-1 during the last ∼6.5&nbsp;ka and 14.8&nbsp;g&nbsp;C&nbsp;m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>&nbsp;yr</span><sup>−1</sup><span> for core NL10-2 during the last ∼15&nbsp;ka. Evidence from peat-core analysis and historical aerial photographs shows an abrupt increase in </span><i>Sphagnum</i><span> spp. and decrease in area of thermokarst lakes over the last century, suggesting major changes in hydrology and ecosystem structure, likely due to recent climate warming.</span></span></p><p><span><span>Our results show that the thermokarst–permafrost complex was much more dynamic with high C accumulation rates under warmer climates in the past, while permafrost was stabilized and C accumulation slowed down following the Neoglacial cooling in the late Holocene. Furthermore, permafrost presence at local scales is controlled by both regional climate and site-specific factors, highlighting the challenge in projecting responses of permafrost peatlands and their C dynamics to future climate change.</span></span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.11.019","usgsCitation":"Hunt, S.D., Yu, Z., and Jones, M.C., 2013, Lateglacial and Holocene climate, disturbance and permafrost peatland dynamics on the Seward Peninsula, western Alaska: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 63, p. 42-58, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.11.019.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"42","endPage":"58","ipdsId":"IP-042048","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342495,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska ","otherGeospatial":"Seward Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -163.47381591796875,\n              64.66225203688786\n            ],\n            [\n              -163.41699600219727,\n              64.66225203688786\n            ],\n            [\n              -163.41699600219727,\n              64.68105206571617\n            ],\n            [\n              -163.47381591796875,\n              64.68105206571617\n            ],\n            [\n              -163.47381591796875,\n              64.66225203688786\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"63","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59424b3ce4b0764e6c65dc6b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunt, Stephanie D.","contributorId":58532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Stephanie","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yu, Zicheng 0000-0003-2358-2712","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2358-2712","contributorId":147521,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yu","given":"Zicheng","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16857,"text":"Lehigh Univ.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":698174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, Miriam C. 0000-0002-6650-7619 miriamjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6650-7619","contributorId":4056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Miriam","email":"miriamjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70169081,"text":"70169081 - 2013 - Exotic plant colonization and occupancy within riparian areas of the Interior Columbia River and Upper Missouri River basins, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-16T12:54:43","indexId":"70169081","displayToPublicDate":"2013-03-19T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Exotic plant colonization and occupancy within riparian areas of the Interior Columbia River and Upper Missouri River basins, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>Exotic plant invasions into riparia often result in shifts in vegetative composition, altered stream function, and cascading effects to biota at multiple scales. Characterizing the distribution patterns of exotic plants is an important step in directing targeted research to identify mechanisms of invasion and potential management strategies. In this study, we employed occupancy models to examine the associations of landscape, climate, and disturbance attributes with the colonization and occupancy patterns for spotted knapweed (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Centaurea stoebe</i><span>&nbsp;L.), Canada thistle (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Cirsium arvense</i><span>&nbsp;L., Scop.), and cheatgrass (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Bromus tectorum</i><span>&nbsp;L.) in the riparia of headwater streams (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">n</i><span>&thinsp;=&thinsp;1,091) in the Interior Columbia River and Upper Missouri River Basins. We found relatively low occupancy rates for cheatgrass (0.06, SE&thinsp;=&thinsp;0.02) and spotted knapweed (0.04, SE&thinsp;=&thinsp;0.01), but moderate occupancy of Canada thistle (0.28, SE&thinsp;=&thinsp;0.05); colonization rates were low across all species (&lt;0.01). We found the distributions of spotted knapweed, Canada thistle, and cheatgrass to exhibit significant associations with both ambient climate conditions and anthropogenic and natural disturbances. We attribute the low to moderate occupancy and colonization rates to the relatively remote locations of our sample sites within headwater streams and urge consideration of means to prevent further invasions.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s13157-013-0399-8","usgsCitation":"Al-Chokhachy, R.K., Ray, A.M., Roper, B.B., and Archer, E., 2013, Exotic plant colonization and occupancy within riparian areas of the Interior Columbia River and Upper Missouri River basins, USA: Wetlands, v. 33, no. 3, p. 409-420, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-013-0399-8.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"409","endPage":"420","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-040594","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318911,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Interior Columbia River and Upper Missouri River basins","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.134765625,\n              39.639537564366684\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.134765625,\n              49.06666839558117\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.501953125,\n              49.06666839558117\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.501953125,\n              39.639537564366684\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.134765625,\n              39.639537564366684\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"33","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-03-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56ea83aee4b0f59b85d90cf6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Al-Chokhachy, Robert K. 0000-0002-2136-5098 ral-chokhachy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2136-5098","contributorId":1674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Al-Chokhachy","given":"Robert","email":"ral-chokhachy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ray, Andrew M.","contributorId":35667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ray","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":622821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Roper, Brett B.","contributorId":120701,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roper","given":"Brett","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":622822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Archer, Eric","contributorId":167603,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Archer","given":"Eric","affiliations":[{"id":6679,"text":"US Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":622823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}}
,{"id":70044648,"text":"ds709X - 2013 - Local-area-enhanced, 2.5-meter resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of the Nuristan mineral district in Afghanistan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-19T10:25:22","indexId":"ds709X","displayToPublicDate":"2013-03-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"709","chapter":"X","title":"Local-area-enhanced, 2.5-meter resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of the Nuristan mineral district in Afghanistan","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Defense Task Force for Business and Stability Operations, prepared databases for mineral-resource target areas in Afghanistan. The purpose of the databases is to (1) provide useful data to ground-survey crews for use in performing detailed assessments of the areas and (2) provide useful information to private investors who are considering investment in a particular area for development of its natural resources. The set of satellite-image mosaics provided in this Data Series (DS) is one such database. Although airborne digital color-infrared imagery was acquired for parts of Afghanistan in 2006, the image data have radiometric variations that preclude their use in creating a consistent image mosaic for geologic analysis. Consequently, image mosaics were created using ALOS (Advanced Land Observation Satellite; renamed Daichi) satellite images, whose radiometry has been well determined (Saunier, 2007a,b). This part of the DS consists of the locally enhanced ALOS image mosaics for the Nuristan mineral district, which has gem, lithium, and cesium deposits.\n\nALOS was launched on January 24, 2006, and provides multispectral images from the AVNIR (Advanced Visible and Near-Infrared Radiometer) sensor in blue (420–500 nanometer, nm), green (520–600 nm), red (610–690 nm), and near-infrared (760–890 nm) wavelength bands with an 8-bit dynamic range and a 10-meter (m) ground resolution. The satellite also provides a panchromatic band image from the PRISM (Panchromatic Remote-sensing Instrument for Stereo Mapping) sensor (520–770 nm) with the same dynamic range but a 2.5-m ground resolution. The image products in this DS incorporate copyrighted data provided by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (©JAXA,2008,2009), but the image processing has altered the original pixel structure and all image values of the JAXA ALOS data, such that original image values cannot be recreated from this DS. As such, the DS products match JAXA criteria for value added products, which are not copyrighted, according to the ALOS end-user license agreement.\n\nThe selection criteria for the satellite imagery used in our mosaics were images having (1) the highest solar-elevation angles (near summer solstice) and (2) the least cloud, cloud-shadow, and snow cover. The multispectral and panchromatic data were orthorectified with ALOS satellite ephemeris data, a process which is not as accurate as orthorectification using digital elevation models (DEMs); however, the ALOS processing center did not have a precise DEM. As a result, the multispectral and panchromatic image pairs were generally not well registered to the surface and not coregistered well enough to perform resolution enhancement on the multispectral data. For this particular area, PRISM image orthorectification was performed by the Alaska Satellite Facility, applying its photogrammetric software to PRISM stereo images with vertical control points obtained from the digital elevation database produced by the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (Farr and others, 2007) and horizontal adjustments based on a controlled Landsat image base (Davis, 2006). The 10-m AVNIR multispectral imagery was then coregistered to the orthorectified PRISM images and individual multispectral and panchromatic images were mosaicked into single images of the entire area of interest. The image coregistration was facilitated using an automated control-point algorithm developed by the USGS that allows image coregistration to within one picture element. Before rectification, the multispectral and panchromatic images were converted to radiance values and then to relative-reflectance values using the methods described in Davis (2006). Mosaicking the multispectral or panchromatic images started with the image with the highest sun-elevation angle and the least atmospheric scattering, which was treated as the standard image. The band-reflectance values of all other multispectral or panchromatic images within the area were sequentially adjusted to that of the standard image by determining band-reflectance correspondence between overlapping images using linear least-squares analysis. All available panchromatic images for this area had significant cloud and snow cover that precluded their use for resolution enhancement of the multispectral image data. Each of the four-band images within the 10-m image mosaic was individually subjected to a local-area histogram stretch algorithm (described in Davis, 2007), which stretches each band’s picture element based on the digital values of all picture elements within a 500-m radius. The final databases, which are provided in this DS, are three-band, color-composite images of the local-area-enhanced, natural-color data (the blue, green, and red wavelength bands) and color-infrared data (the green, red, and near-infrared wavelength bands).\n\nAll image data were initially projected and maintained in Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) map projection using the target area’s local zone (42 for Nuristan) and the WGS84 datum. The final image mosaics for the Nuristan area are provided as embedded geotiff images, which can be read and used by most geographic information system (GIS) and image-processing software. The tiff world files (tfw) are provided, even though they are generally not needed for most software to read an embedded geotiff image.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan (DS 709)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds709X","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Defense Task Force for Business and Stability Operations and the Afghanistan Geological Survey; This report is Chapter X in <i>Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan</i> (DS 709)","usgsCitation":"Davis, P.A., Cagney, L.E., Arko, S.A., and Harbin, M., 2013, Local-area-enhanced, 2.5-meter resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of the Nuristan mineral district in Afghanistan: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 709, HTML Document; Readme; 4 Index Maps: 45 x 63 inches; 2 Image Files; 2 Metadata; Shapefiles, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds709X.","productDescription":"HTML Document; Readme; 4 Index Maps: 45 x 63 inches; 2 Image Files; 2 Metadata; Shapefiles","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":269695,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds709x.png"},{"id":269689,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/x/"},{"id":269690,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/x/1_readme.txt"},{"id":269691,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/x/index_maps/index_maps.html"},{"id":269692,"type":{"id":14,"text":"Image"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/x/image_files/image_files.html"},{"id":269693,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/x/metadata/metadata.html"},{"id":269694,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/x/shapefiles/shapefiles.html"}],"country":"Afghanistan","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 58.0,28.0 ], [ 58.0,40.0 ], [ 78.0,40.0 ], [ 78.0,28.0 ], [ 58.0,28.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51498311e4b0971933f63654","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Davis, Philip A. pdavis@usgs.gov","contributorId":692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Philip","email":"pdavis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":509265,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Davis, Philip A. pdavis@usgs.gov","contributorId":692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Philip","email":"pdavis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":476124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cagney, Laura E. 0000-0003-3282-2458 lcagney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3282-2458","contributorId":4744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cagney","given":"Laura","email":"lcagney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arko, Scott A.","contributorId":101929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arko","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harbin, Michelle L.","contributorId":20590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harbin","given":"Michelle L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70044637,"text":"70044637 - 2013 - Explaining local-scale species distributions: relative contributions of spatial autocorrelation and landscape heterogeneity for an avian assemblage","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-19T11:57:23","indexId":"70044637","displayToPublicDate":"2013-03-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Explaining local-scale species distributions: relative contributions of spatial autocorrelation and landscape heterogeneity for an avian assemblage","docAbstract":"Understanding interactions between mobile species distributions and landcover characteristics remains an outstanding challenge in ecology. Multiple factors could explain species distributions including endogenous evolutionary traits leading to conspecific clustering and endogenous habitat features that support life history requirements. Birds are a useful taxon for examining hypotheses about the relative importance of these factors among species in a community. We developed a hierarchical Bayes approach to model the relationships between bird species occupancy and local landcover variables accounting for spatial autocorrelation, species similarities, and partial observability. We fit alternative occupancy models to detections of 90 bird species observed during repeat visits to 316 point-counts forming a 400-m grid throughout the Patuxent Wildlife Research Refuge in Maryland, USA. Models with landcover variables performed significantly better than our autologistic and null models, supporting the hypothesis that local landcover heterogeneity is important as an exogenous driver for species distributions. Conspecific clustering alone was a comparatively poor descriptor of local community composition, but there was evidence for spatial autocorrelation in all species. Considerable uncertainty remains whether landcover combined with spatial autocorrelation is most parsimonious for describing bird species distributions at a local scale. Spatial structuring may be weaker at intermediate scales within which dispersal is less frequent, information flows are localized, and landcover types become spatially diversified and therefore exhibit little aggregation. Examining such hypotheses across species assemblages contributes to our understanding of community-level associations with conspecifics and landscape composition.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"PLoS ONE","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","publisherLocation":"San Francisco, CA","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0055097","usgsCitation":"Mattsson, B., Zipkin, E., Gardner, B., Blank, P.J., Sauer, J., and Royle, J., 2013, Explaining local-scale species distributions: relative contributions of spatial autocorrelation and landscape heterogeneity for an avian assemblage: PLoS ONE, v. 8, no. 2, e55097, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0055097.","productDescription":"e55097","ipdsId":"IP-034377","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473913,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0055097","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":269706,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269705,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0055097"}],"volume":"8","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-02-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5149830fe4b0971933f63650","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mattsson, Brady J.","contributorId":84205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mattsson","given":"Brady J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zipkin, Elise F.","contributorId":70528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zipkin","given":"Elise F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gardner, Beth","contributorId":91612,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gardner","given":"Beth","affiliations":[{"id":13553,"text":"University of Washington-Seattle","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":476106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blank, Peter J.","contributorId":97396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blank","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sauer, John R. jrsauer@usgs.gov","contributorId":3737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"John R.","email":"jrsauer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":476102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":80808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70044650,"text":"ofr20131062 - 2013 - Assessing movement and sources of mortality of juvenile catostomids using passive integrated transponder tags, Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon - Summary of 2012 effort","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-04T14:47:25","indexId":"ofr20131062","displayToPublicDate":"2013-03-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1062","title":"Assessing movement and sources of mortality of juvenile catostomids using passive integrated transponder tags, Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon - Summary of 2012 effort","docAbstract":"<h1>Executive Summary</h1>\n<p>Survival of juvenile endangered Lost River and shortnose suckers is thought to limit recruitment into the adult populations and ultimately limit the recovery of these species in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon. Although many hypotheses exist about the sources of mortality, the contribution of each speculated source of mortality has not been examined. To examine causes of mortality, validate estimated age to maturity, and examine movement patterns for juvenile suckers in Upper Klamath Lake, passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags and remote tag detection systems were used. Age-1 suckers were opportunistically tagged in 2009 and 2010 during another study on juvenile sucker distribution. After the distribution study concluded in 2010, USGS redirected sampling efforts to target age-1 suckers for tagging. Tags were redetected using an existing infrastructure of remote PIT tag readers and tag scanning surveys at American white pelican (<i>Pelecanus erythrorhynchos</i>), double-crested cormorant (<i>Phalacrocorax auritus</i>), and Forster&rsquo;s tern (<i>Sterna forsteri</i>) breeding and loafing areas. Individual fish histories are used to describe the distance, direction, and timing of juvenile sucker movement. Sucker PIT tag detections in the Sprague and Williamson Rivers in mid-summer and in autumn indicate tagged juvenile suckers use these tributaries outside of the known spring spawning season. PIT tags detected in bird habitats indicate predation by birds was a cause of mortality.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131062","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Burdick, S.M., 2013, Assessing movement and sources of mortality of juvenile catostomids using passive integrated transponder tags, Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon - Summary of 2012 effort: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1062, iv, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131062.","productDescription":"iv, 12 p.","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2012-01-01","temporalEnd":"2012-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":269702,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1062/"},{"id":269703,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1062/pdf/ofr20131062.pdf","text":"Report","size":"333 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":269704,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131062.png"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Upper Klamath Lake","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.0902,42.1979 ], [ -122.0902,42.5936 ], [ -121.733,42.5936 ], [ -121.733,42.1979 ], [ -122.0902,42.1979 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5149830ae4b0971933f63648","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burdick, Summer M. 0000-0002-3480-5793 sburdick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3480-5793","contributorId":3448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burdick","given":"Summer","email":"sburdick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70044652,"text":"70044652 - 2013 - Choices in recreational water quality monitoring: new opportunities and health risk trade-offs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-04T14:15:05","indexId":"70044652","displayToPublicDate":"2013-03-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Choices in recreational water quality monitoring: new opportunities and health risk trade-offs","docAbstract":"With the recent release of new recreational water quality monitoring criteria, there are more options for regulatory agencies seeking to protect beachgoers from waterborne pathogens. Included are methods that can reduce analytical time, providing timelier estimates of water quality, but the application of these methods has not been examined at most beaches for expectation of health risk and management decisions. In this analysis, we explore health and monitoring outcomes expected at Lake Michigan beaches using protocols for indicator bacteria including culturable Escherichia coli (E. coli; EC), culturable enterococci (ENT), and enterococci as analyzed by qPCR (QENT). Correlations between method results were generally high, except at beaches with historically high concentrations of EC. The “beach action value” was exceeded most often when using EC or ENT as the target indicator; QENT exceeded the limit far less frequently. Measured water quality between years was varied. Although methods with equivalent health expectation have been established, the lack of relationship among method outcomes and annual changes in mean indicator bacteria concentrations complicates the decision-making process. The monitoring approach selected by beach managers may be a combination of available tools that maximizes timely health protection, cost efficiency, and collaboration among beach jurisdictions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1021/es304408y","usgsCitation":"Nevers, M.B., Byappanahalli, M., and Whitman, R.L., 2013, Choices in recreational water quality monitoring: new opportunities and health risk trade-offs: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 47, no. 7, p. 3073-3081, https://doi.org/10.1021/es304408y.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"3073","endPage":"3081","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":269709,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269708,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es304408y"}],"volume":"47","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-03-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5149830de4b0971933f6364c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nevers, Meredith B.","contributorId":91803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nevers","given":"Meredith","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Byappanahalli, Muruleedhara N.","contributorId":47335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byappanahalli","given":"Muruleedhara N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Whitman, Richard L. rwhitman@usgs.gov","contributorId":542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitman","given":"Richard","email":"rwhitman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70038316,"text":"70038316 - 2013 - Anthropogenic impacts to the recovery of the Mexican gray wolf with a focus on trapping-related incidents","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-17T13:01:54","indexId":"70038316","displayToPublicDate":"2013-03-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Anthropogenic impacts to the recovery of the Mexican gray wolf with a focus on trapping-related incidents","docAbstract":"<p>Concerns regarding the potential negative impacts of regulated furbearer trapping to reintroduced Mexican gray wolves (Canis lupus baileyi), led to an executive order prohibiting trapping in the New Mexico, USA, portion of the Blue Range Wolf Recovery Area. This ban was to last for 6 months and required an evaluation of the risk posed to wolves by traps and snares legally permitted in New Mexico. We reviewed potential threats to wolves in the Blue Range Wolf Recovery Area, including threats associated with regulated furbearer trapping. One hundred Mexican gray wolf mortalities have been documented during the reintroduction effort (1998&ndash;2011). Of those mortalities with a known cause, &gt;81% were human-caused resulting from illegal shooting (n&thinsp;=&thinsp;43), vehicle collisions (n&thinsp;=&thinsp;14), lethal removal by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS; n&thinsp;=&thinsp;12), non-project-related trapping (n&thinsp;=&thinsp;2), project-related trapping (n&thinsp;=&thinsp;1), and legal shooting by the public (n&thinsp;=&thinsp;1). Ten wolves died due to unknown causes. The remaining 17 mortalities were a result of natural causes (e.g., starvation, disease). An additional 23 wolves were permanently, but non-lethally, removed from the wild by the USFWS. Of 13 trapping incidents in New Mexico that involved non-project trappers (i.e., trappers not associated with USFWS or U.S. Department of Agriculture-Wildlife Services), 7 incidents are known to have resulted in injuries to wolves: 2 wolves sustained injuries severe enough to result in leg amputations and 2 additional wolves died as a result of injuries sustained. Foothold traps with rubber-padded jaws and properly set snares may reduce trap-related injuries to Mexican gray wolves; however, impacts caused by trapping are overshadowed by other anthropogenic impacts (e.g., illegal shooting, non-lethal permanent removal, and vehicle collisions).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/wsb.247","usgsCitation":"Turnbull, T.T., Cain, J.W., and Roemer, G.W., 2013, Anthropogenic impacts to the recovery of the Mexican gray wolf with a focus on trapping-related incidents: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 37, no. 2, p. 311-318, https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.247.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"311","endPage":"318","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-032658","costCenters":[{"id":471,"text":"New Mexico Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":500039,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doaj.org/article/81d04e5fd6854e8f8677ca2f4bb8466b","text":"External Repository"},{"id":269700,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269699,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wsb.247"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.0,31.33 ], [ -109.0,37.0 ], [ -103.0,37.0 ], [ -103.0,31.33 ], [ -109.0,31.33 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"37","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-02-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51498302e4b0971933f63644","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Turnbull, Trey T.","contributorId":15909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turnbull","given":"Trey","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cain, James W. III 0000-0003-4743-516X jwcain@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4743-516X","contributorId":4063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cain","given":"James","suffix":"III","email":"jwcain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roemer, Gary W.","contributorId":95355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roemer","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70044641,"text":"sir20125198 - 2013 - Overview of groundwater quality in the Piceance Basin, western Colorado, 1946--2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-18T16:26:32","indexId":"sir20125198","displayToPublicDate":"2013-03-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5198","title":"Overview of groundwater quality in the Piceance Basin, western Colorado, 1946--2009","docAbstract":"Groundwater-quality data from public and private sources for the period 1946 to 2009 were compiled and put into a common data repository for the Piceance Basin. The data repository is available on the web at http://rmgsc.cr.usgs.gov/cwqdr/Piceance/index.shtml. A subset of groundwater-quality data from the repository was compiled, reviewed, and checked for quality assurance for this report. The resulting dataset consists of the most recently collected sample from 1,545 wells, 1,007 (65 percent) of which were domestic wells. From those samples, the following constituents were selected for presentation in this report: dissolved oxygen, dissolved solids, pH, major ions (chloride, sulfate, fluoride), trace elements (arsenic, barium, iron, manganese, selenium), nitrate, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, methane, and the stable isotopic compositions of water and methane.\n\nSome portion of recharge to most of the wells for which data were available was derived from precipitation (most likely snowmelt), as indicated by δ2H [H2O] and δ18O[H2O] values that plot along the Global Meteoric Water Line and near the values for snow samples collected in the study area. Ninety-three percent of the samples were oxic, on the basis of concentrations of dissolved oxygen that were greater than or equal to 0.5 milligrams per liter.\n\nConcentration data were compared with primary and secondary drinking-water standards established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Constituents that exceeded the primary standards were arsenic (13 percent), selenium (9.2 percent), fluoride (8.4 percent), barium (4.1 percent), nitrate (1.6 percent), and benzene (0.6 percent). Concentrations of toluene, xylenes, and ethylbenzene did not exceed standards in any samples. Constituents that exceeded the secondary standard were dissolved solids (72 percent), sulfate (37 percent), manganese (21 percent), iron (16 percent), and chloride (10 percent). Drinking-water standards have not been established for methane, which was detected in 24 percent of samples. Methane concentrations were greater than or equal to 1 milligram per liter in 8.5 percent of samples. Methane isotopic data for samples collected primarily from domestic wells in Garfield County indicate that methane in samples with relative high methane concentrations were derived from both biogenic and thermogenic sources. Many of the constituents that exceeded standards, such as arsenic, fluoride, iron, and manganese, were derived from rock and sediment in aquifers. Elevated nitrate concentrations were most likely derived from human sources such as fertilizer and human or animal waste.\n\nInformation about the geologic unit or aquifer in which a well was completed generally was not provided by data sources. However, limited data indicate that Quaternary deposits in Garfield and Mesa Counties, the Wasatch Formation in Garfield County, and the Green River Formation in Rio Blanco County had some of the highest median concentrations of selected constituents. Variations in concentration with depth could not be evaluated because of the general lack of well-depth and water-level data.\n\nConcentrations of several important constituents, such as arsenic, manganese, methane, and nitrate, were related to concentrations of dissolved oxygen. Concentrations of arsenic, manganese, and methane were significantly higher in groundwater with low dissolved-oxygen concentrations than in groundwater with high dissolved-oxygen concentrations. In contrast, concentrations of nitrate were significantly higher in groundwater with high dissolved-oxygen concentrations than in groundwater with low dissolved-oxygen concentrations. These results indicate that measurements of dissolved oxygen may be a useful indicator of groundwater vulnerability to some human-derived contaminants and enrichment from some natural constituents.\n\nAssessing such a large and diverse dataset as the one available through the repository poses unique challenges for reporting on groundwater quality in the study area. The repository contains data from several studies that differed widely in purpose and scope. In addition to this variability in available data, gaps exist spatially, temporally, and analytically in the repository. For example, groundwater-quality data in the repository were not evenly distributed throughout the study area. Several key water-quality constituents or indicators, such as dissolved oxygen, were underrepresented in the repository. Ancillary information, such as well depth, depth to water, and the geologic unit or aquifer in which a well was completed, was missing for more than 50 percent of samples.\n\nFuture monitoring could avoid several limitations of the repository by making relatively minor changes to sample- collection and data-reporting protocols. Field measurements for dissolved oxygen could be added to sampling protocols, for example. Information on well construction and the geologic unit or aquifer in which a well was completed should be part of the water-quality dataset. Such changes would increase the comparability of data from different monitoring programs and also add value to each program individually and to that of the regional dataset as a whole. Other changes to monitoring programs could require greater resources, such as sampling for a basic set of constituents that is relevant to major water-quality issues in the regional study area. Creation of such a dataset for the regional study area would help to provide the kinds of information needed to characterize background conditions and the spatial and temporal variability in constituent concentrations associated with those conditions. Without such information, it is difficult to identify departures from background that might be associated with human activities.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125198","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with (in alphabetical order): Antero Resources, Bureau of Land Management, Bureau of Reclamation, Chevron Corporation, Cites of Grand Junction and Rifle, Colo., Colorado Department of Agriculture, Colorado Department of Natural Resources, Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, Colorado Division of Wildlife—River Watch, Colorado Oil and Gas Conservation Commission, Colorado River Water Conservation District, Delta County, Colo., EnCana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc., Garfield County, Colo., Gunnison Energy Corp., National Park Service, Natural Soda, Inc., North Fork River Improvement Association, Oxy Petroleum Corporation, Petroleum Development Corp., Rio Blanco County, Shell Oil Company, Solvay Chemicals, Towns of Carbondale, De Beque, Palisade, Parachute, Rangely, and Silt, Colo., U.S. Forest Service, West Divide Water Conservancy District, and Williams Companies, Inc.","usgsCitation":"Thomas, J., and McMahon, P., 2013, Overview of groundwater quality in the Piceance Basin, western Colorado, 1946--2009: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5198, vi, 204 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125198.","productDescription":"vi, 204 p.","numberOfPages":"213","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":269680,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20125198.gif"},{"id":269678,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5198/"},{"id":269679,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5198/SIR12-5198.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.0,37.0 ], [ -109.0,41.0 ], [ -102.0,41.0 ], [ -102.0,37.0 ], [ -109.0,37.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5148295fe4b022dd171afdb4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, J.C.","contributorId":95435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McMahon, P.B. 0000-0001-7452-2379","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7452-2379","contributorId":10762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"P.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70044640,"text":"ds743 - 2013 - Lead isotope determinations from sulfide mineral occurrences--Russian Far East","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-18T15:19:48","indexId":"ds743","displayToPublicDate":"2013-03-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"743","title":"Lead isotope determinations from sulfide mineral occurrences--Russian Far East","docAbstract":"The lead isotope database for sulfide deposits and occurrences in the Russian Far East was funded by the Mineral Resources Program, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in conjunction with the collaborative studies of mineral resources by the Russian Academy of Sciences and the U. S. Geological Survey (Nokleberg and others, 1996). Comparisons of these data with similar lead isotope data from Alaska published in Church, Delevaux, and others (1987) and Gaccetta and Church (1989) provide a basis for the following three-fold project objectives: 1. To utilize lead isotope signatures, in conjunction with regional mapping, to assess the relative ages and to categorize the types of mineral deposits studied, 2. To relate the lead isotope and trace-element geochemical signatures of specific deposits and occurrences to ore-forming processes, and 3. To use the lead isotope data to correlate lithotectonic terranes within the northern Cordillera (Alaska, Yukon Territories and British Columbia in Canada, and the western Cordillera of the United States). The report by Church, Gray, and others (1987) shows how this fingerprinting methodology can be applied to trace the offset of lithotectonic (or lithostratigraphic as labeled by some authors) terranes.The lead isotope data presented in table 1 represent the work completed on sulfide mineral deposits located in the Russian Far East from 1993 to 1995, when this study was terminated due to lack of funding. The lead isotope data are reported here for use by investigators who may find them of value in mineral exploration. No attempt is made to summarize the voluminous literature on these mineral deposits.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds743","usgsCitation":"Church, S.E., Goryachev, N., and Shpikerman, V.I., 2013, Lead isotope determinations from sulfide mineral occurrences--Russian Far East: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 743, Report: iv, 4 p.; 2 Tables, Table 1: XLS file, Table 1: PDF file, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds743.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 4 p.; 2 Tables, Table 1: XLS file, Table 1: PDF file","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":269677,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds743.gif"},{"id":269675,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/743/DS743_table%201.xlsx"},{"id":269673,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/743/"},{"id":269674,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/743/DS743.pdf"},{"id":269676,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/743/DS743_table%201.pdf"}],"country":"Russia","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 129.20,50.96 ], [ 129.20,71.86 ], [ -163.83,71.86 ], [ -163.83,50.96 ], [ 129.20,50.96 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5148295de4b022dd171afdb0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Church, Stan E. schurch@usgs.gov","contributorId":803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Church","given":"Stan","email":"schurch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goryachev, Nikolai A.","contributorId":7318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goryachev","given":"Nikolai A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shpikerman, Vladimir I.","contributorId":35766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shpikerman","given":"Vladimir","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70044617,"text":"70044617 - 2013 - Evidence that life history characteristics of wild birds influence infection rates and exposure to influenza A viruses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-14T13:43:48","indexId":"70044617","displayToPublicDate":"2013-03-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence that life history characteristics of wild birds influence infection rates and exposure to influenza A viruses","docAbstract":"<p><span>We report on life history characteristics, temporal, and age-related effects influencing the frequency of occurrence of avian influenza (AI) viruses in four species of migratory geese breeding on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska. Emperor geese (</span><i>Chen canagica</i><span>), cackling geese (</span><i>Branta hutchinsii</i><span>), greater white-fronted geese (</span><i>Anser albifrons</i><span>), and black brant (</span><i>Branta bernicla</i><span>), were all tested for active infection of AI viruses upon arrival in early May, during nesting in June, and while molting in July and August, 2006–2010 (</span><i>n</i><span> = 14,323). Additionally, prior exposure to AI viruses was assessed via prevalence of antibodies from sera samples collected during late summer in 2009 and 2010. Results suggest that geese are uncommonly infected by low pathogenic AI viruses while in Alaska. The percent of birds actively shedding AI viruses varied annually, and was highest in 2006 and 2010 (1–3%) and lowest in 2007, 2008, and 2009 (&lt;0.70%). Contrary to findings in ducks, the highest incidence of infected birds was in late spring when birds first arrived from staging and wintering areas. Despite low prevalence, most geese were previously exposed to AI viruses, as indicated by high levels of seroprevalence during late summer (47%–96% across species;<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>n = 541</i><span>). Seroprevalence was &gt;95% for emperor geese, a species that spends part of its life cycle in Asia and is endemic to Alaska and the Bering Sea region, compared to 40–60% for the other three species, whose entire life cycles are within the western hemisphere. Birds &lt;45 days of age showed little past exposure to AI viruses, although antibodies were detected in samples from 5-week old birds in 2009. Seroprevalence of known age black brant revealed that no birds &lt;4 years old had seroconverted, compared to 49% of birds ≥4 years of age.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0057614","usgsCitation":"Ely, C.R., Hall, J.S., Schmutz, J.A., Pearce, J.M., Terenzi, J., Sedinger, J.S., and Ip, S., 2013, Evidence that life history characteristics of wild birds influence infection rates and exposure to influenza A viruses: PLoS ONE, v. 8, no. 3, e57614; 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0057614.","productDescription":"e57614; 11 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-042693","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473914,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0057614","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":269668,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -165.0750732421875,\n              62.357256026155056\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.0750732421875,\n              63.27812271092345\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.7899169921875,\n              63.27812271092345\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.7899169921875,\n              62.357256026155056\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.0750732421875,\n              62.357256026155056\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"8","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-03-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5148295be4b022dd171afdac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ely, Craig R. 0000-0003-4262-0892 cely@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4262-0892","contributorId":3214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ely","given":"Craig","email":"cely@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hall, Jeffrey S. 0000-0001-5599-2826 jshall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5599-2826","contributorId":2254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jshall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pearce, John M. 0000-0002-8503-5485 jpearce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8503-5485","contributorId":181766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearce","given":"John","email":"jpearce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Terenzi, John jterenzi@usgs.gov","contributorId":5085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terenzi","given":"John","email":"jterenzi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sedinger, James S.","contributorId":84861,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sedinger","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":12742,"text":"University of Nevada Reno","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":476031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ip, S. 0000-0003-4844-7533 hip@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4844-7533","contributorId":727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ip","given":"S.","email":"hip@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70044615,"text":"70044615 - 2013 - Potential population-level effects of increased haulout-related mortality of Pacific walrus calves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-18T12:47:02","indexId":"70044615","displayToPublicDate":"2013-03-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3093,"text":"Polar Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential population-level effects of increased haulout-related mortality of Pacific walrus calves","docAbstract":"Availability of summer sea ice has been decreasing in the Chukchi Sea during recent decades, and increasing numbers of Pacific walruses have begun using coastal haulouts in late summer during years when sea ice retreats beyond the continental shelf. Calves and yearlings are particularly susceptible to being crushed during disturbance events that cause the herd to panic and stampede at these large haulouts, but the potential population-level effects of this mortality are unknown. We used recent harvest data, along with previous assumptions about demographic parameters for this population, to estimate female population size and structure in 2009 and project these numbers forward using a range of assumptions about future harvests and haulout-related mortality that might result from increased use of coastal haulouts during late summer. We found that if demographic parameters were held constant, the levels of harvest that occurred during 1990–2008 would have allowed the population to grow during that period. Our projections indicate, however, that an increase in haulout-related mortality affecting only calves has a greater effect on the population than an equivalent increase in harvest-related mortality distributed among all age classes. Therefore, disturbance-related mortality of calves at coastal haulouts may have relatively important population consequences.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Polar Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.1007/s00300-012-1259-3","usgsCitation":"Udevitz, M.S., Taylor, R.L., Garlich-Miller, J.L., Quakenbush, L.T., and Snyder, J.A., 2013, Potential population-level effects of increased haulout-related mortality of Pacific walrus calves: Polar Biology, v. 36, no. 2, p. 291-298, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-012-1259-3.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"291","endPage":"298","ipdsId":"IP-041758","costCenters":[{"id":115,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":269661,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269660,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00300-012-1259-3"}],"volume":"36","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-11-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51482961e4b022dd171afdb8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Udevitz, Mark S. 0000-0003-4659-138X mudevitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4659-138X","contributorId":3189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Udevitz","given":"Mark","email":"mudevitz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taylor, Rebecca L. 0000-0001-8459-7614 rebeccataylor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8459-7614","contributorId":5112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Rebecca","email":"rebeccataylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garlich-Miller, Joel L.","contributorId":10696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garlich-Miller","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Quakenbush, Lori T.","contributorId":47262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quakenbush","given":"Lori","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Snyder, Jonathan A.","contributorId":54086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70041125,"text":"70041125 - 2013 - An assessment of hydrothermal alteration in the Santiaguito lava dome complex, Guatemala: implications for dome collapse hazards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-18T17:38:19","indexId":"70041125","displayToPublicDate":"2013-03-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An assessment of hydrothermal alteration in the Santiaguito lava dome complex, Guatemala: implications for dome collapse hazards","docAbstract":"A combination of field mapping, geochemistry, and remote sensing methods has been employed to determine the extent of hydrothermal alteration and assess the potential for failure at the Santiaguito lava dome complex, Guatemala. The 90-year-old complex of four lava domes has only experienced relatively small and infrequent dome collapses in the past, which were associated with lava extrusion. However, existing evidence of an active hydrothermal system coupled with intense seasonal precipitation also presents ideal conditions for instability related to weakened clay-rich edifice rocks. Mapping of the Santiaguito dome complex identified structural features related to dome growth dynamics, potential areas of weakness related to erosion, and locations of fumarole fields. X-ray diffraction and backscattered electron images taken with scanning electron microscopy of dacite and ash samples collected from around fumaroles revealed only minor clay films, and little evidence of alteration. Mineral mapping using ASTER and Hyperion satellite images, however, suggest low-temperature (<150 °C) silicic alteration on erosional surfaces of the domes, but not the type of pervasive acid-sulfate alteration implicated in collapses of other altered edifices. To evaluate the possibility of internal alteration, we re-examined existing aqueous geochemical data from dome-fed hot springs. The data indicate significant water–rock interaction, but the Na–Mg–K geoindicator suggests only a short water residence time, and δ18O/δD ratios show only minor shifts from the meteoric water line with little precipitation of secondary (alteration) minerals. Based on available data, hydrothermal alteration on the dome complex appears to be restricted to surficial deposits of hydrous silica, but the study has highlighted, importantly, that the 1902 eruption crater headwall of Santa María does show more advanced argillic alteration. We also cannot rule out the possibility of advanced alteration within the dome complex interior that is not accessible to the methods used here. It may therefore be prudent to employ geophysical methods to make further assessments in the future.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Volcanology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s00445-012-0676-z","usgsCitation":"Ball, J.L., Calder, E.S., Hubbard, B.E., and Bernstein, M.L., 2013, An assessment of hydrothermal alteration in the Santiaguito lava dome complex, Guatemala: implications for dome collapse hazards: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 75, p. 676-676, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-012-0676-z.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"676","endPage":"676","ipdsId":"IP-037622","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473915,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-012-0676-z","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":269688,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269687,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00445-012-0676-z"}],"country":"Guatemala","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92.23,13.74 ], [ -92.23,17.82 ], [ -88.23,17.82 ], [ -88.23,13.74 ], [ -92.23,13.74 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"75","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-01-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51482959e4b022dd171afda4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ball, Jessica L. 0000-0002-7837-8180","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7837-8180","contributorId":100707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ball","given":"Jessica","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Calder, Eliza S.","contributorId":96562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calder","given":"Eliza","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hubbard, Bernard E. 0000-0002-9315-2032 bhubbard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9315-2032","contributorId":2342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubbard","given":"Bernard","email":"bhubbard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bernstein, Marc L.","contributorId":42853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernstein","given":"Marc","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70044616,"text":"70044616 - 2013 - Development and characterization of 21 polymorphic microsatellite markers for the barren-ground shrew, Sorex ugyunak (Mammalia: Sorcidae), through next-generation sequencing, and cross-species amplification in the masked shrew, S. cinereus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-20T18:08:04","indexId":"70044616","displayToPublicDate":"2013-03-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1325,"text":"Conservation Genetics Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Development and characterization of 21 polymorphic microsatellite markers for the barren-ground shrew, <i>Sorex ugyunak</i> (Mammalia: Sorcidae), through next-generation sequencing, and cross-species amplification in the masked shrew, <i>S. cinereus</i>","title":"Development and characterization of 21 polymorphic microsatellite markers for the barren-ground shrew, Sorex ugyunak (Mammalia: Sorcidae), through next-generation sequencing, and cross-species amplification in the masked shrew, S. cinereus","docAbstract":"<p>We used next generation shotgun sequencing to develop 21 novel microsatellite markers for the barren-ground shrew (<i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Sorex ugyunak</i>), which were polymorphic among individuals from northern Alaska. The loci displayed moderate allelic diversity (averaging 6.81 alleles per locus) and heterozygosity (averaging 70&nbsp;%). Two loci deviated from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) due to heterozygote deficiency. While the population did not deviate from HWE overall, it showed significant linkage disequilibrium suggesting this population is not in mutation-drift equilibrium. Nineteen of 21 loci were polymorphic in masked shrews (<i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">S. cinereus</i>) from interior Alaska and exhibited linkage equilibrium and HWE overall. All loci yielded sufficient variability for use in population studies.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s12686-012-9792-5","usgsCitation":"Sonsthagen, S.A., Sage, G.K., Fowler, M., Hope, A.G., Cook, J., and Talbot, S.L., 2013, Development and characterization of 21 polymorphic microsatellite markers for the barren-ground shrew, Sorex ugyunak (Mammalia: Sorcidae), through next-generation sequencing, and cross-species amplification in the masked shrew, S. cinereus: Conservation Genetics Resources, v. 5, no. 2, p. 315-318, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12686-012-9792-5.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"315","endPage":"318","ipdsId":"IP-041585","costCenters":[{"id":115,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":269663,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-10-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5148295ae4b022dd171afda8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sonsthagen, Sarah A. 0000-0001-6215-5874 ssonsthagen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6215-5874","contributorId":3711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sonsthagen","given":"Sarah","email":"ssonsthagen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sage, G. Kevin 0000-0003-1431-2286 ksage@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1431-2286","contributorId":4348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sage","given":"G.","email":"ksage@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kevin","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":476019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fowler, Megan C. 0000-0002-4947-0236 mfowler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4947-0236","contributorId":200478,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fowler","given":"Megan C.","email":"mfowler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":476023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hope, Andrew G. 0000-0003-3814-2891 ahope@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3814-2891","contributorId":4309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hope","given":"Andrew","email":"ahope@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cook, J.A.","contributorId":60868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Talbot, Sandra L. 0000-0002-3312-7214 stalbot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3312-7214","contributorId":140512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbot","given":"Sandra","email":"stalbot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70044611,"text":"70044611 - 2013 - Patterns of social association in the franciscana, <i>Pontoporia blainvillei</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-23T13:17:59","indexId":"70044611","displayToPublicDate":"2013-03-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2671,"text":"Marine Mammal Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Patterns of social association in the franciscana, <i>Pontoporia blainvillei</i>","docAbstract":"Little is known from living animals about the social patterns of the franciscana, <i>Pontoporia blainvillei</i>, a small dolphin inhabiting a narrow strip of coastal waters off Argentina, Uruguay, and Brazil. These dolphins tend to be found in small groups, typically composed of two or three individuals (Bordino et al. 1999). Throughout much of the species' range, franciscanas encounter artisanal gill nets (Praderi 1989, Corcuera et al. 1994, Bertozzi and Zerbini 2002, Bordino et al. 2002, Secchi et al. 2003). Entanglement in these nets results in the deaths of thousands of individuals each year, at levels that are likely unsustainable (Bordino and Albareda 2004, Cappozzo et al. 2007).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Mammal Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1111/mms.12010","usgsCitation":"Wells, R.S., Bordino, P., and Douglas, D.C., 2013, Patterns of social association in the franciscana, <i>Pontoporia blainvillei</i>: Marine Mammal Science, v. 29, no. 4, p. E520-E528, https://doi.org/10.1111/mms.12010.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"E520","endPage":"E528","numberOfPages":"9","ipdsId":"IP-042202","costCenters":[{"id":115,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":269559,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269558,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mms.12010"}],"volume":"29","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-01-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5146d7dce4b0694ee75ad3d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wells, Randall S.","contributorId":81773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"Randall","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bordino, Pablo","contributorId":93355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bordino","given":"Pablo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":2388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70044612,"text":"70044612 - 2013 - Movements and dive patterns of short-finned pilot whales (Globicephala macrorhynchus) released from a mass stranding in the Florida Keys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-29T11:24:17","indexId":"70044612","displayToPublicDate":"2013-03-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":869,"text":"Aquatic Mammals","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Movements and dive patterns of short-finned pilot whales (<i>Globicephala macrorhynchus</i>) released from a mass stranding in the Florida Keys","title":"Movements and dive patterns of short-finned pilot whales (Globicephala macrorhynchus) released from a mass stranding in the Florida Keys","docAbstract":"<p><span>Short-finned pilot whales (</span><i>Globicephala macrorhynchus</i><span>) are among the most common cetaceans to engage in mass strandings in the southeastern United States. Because these are primarily pelagic, continental shelf-edge animals, much of what is known about this species has derived from mass stranding events. Post-release monitoring via satellite-linked telemetry was conducted with two adult males determined on-site to be healthy, and released directly from a mass stranding of 23 pilot whales in May 2011, near Cudjoe Key, Florida. Tracking provided an opportunity to evaluate the decision for immediate release vs rehabilitation, and to learn more about the lives of members of this difficult-to-study species in the wild. The two pilot whales remained together for at least 16 d before transmissions from one pilot whale (Y-404) ceased. Dive patterns and travel rates suggested that Y-404’s condition deteriorated prior to signal loss. Pilot Whale Y-400 was tracked for another 51 d, moving from the Blake Plateau to the Greater Antilles, remaining in the Windward Passage east of Cuba for the last 17 d of tracking. Once he reached the Antilles, Y-400 remained in high-relief habitat appropriate for the species and made dives within or exceeding the reported range for depth and duration for this species, following expected diel patterns, presumably reflecting continued good health. Telemetry data indicate that he made at least one dive to 1,000 to 1,500 m, and several dives lasted more than 40 min. Although the fates of the two released pilot whales may have been different, the concept of evaluating health and releasing individuals determined to be healthy at the time of stranding appears to have merit as an alternative to bringing all members of mass-stranded pilot whale groups into rehabilitation.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"European Association for Aquatic Mammals","doi":"10.1578/AM.39.1.2013.61","usgsCitation":"Wells, R.S., Fougeres, E.M., Cooper, A.G., Stevens, R.O., Brodsky, M., Lingenfelser, R., Dold, C., and Douglas, D.C., 2013, Movements and dive patterns of short-finned pilot whales (Globicephala macrorhynchus) released from a mass stranding in the Florida Keys: Aquatic Mammals, v. 39, no. 1, p. 61-72, https://doi.org/10.1578/AM.39.1.2013.61.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"61","endPage":"72","ipdsId":"IP-043263","costCenters":[{"id":115,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":269562,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","volume":"39","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-03-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5146d7dbe4b0694ee75ad3d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wells, Randall S.","contributorId":81773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"Randall","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fougeres, Erin M.","contributorId":52057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fougeres","given":"Erin","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cooper, Arthur G.","contributorId":41308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stevens, Robert O.","contributorId":66566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brodsky, Micah","contributorId":34401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brodsky","given":"Micah","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lingenfelser, Robert","contributorId":7155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lingenfelser","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dold, Chris","contributorId":77015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dold","given":"Chris","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":2388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70044630,"text":"ofr20131033 - 2013 - U.S. Geological Survey science for the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative: 2011 annual report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-14T19:21:09.723237","indexId":"ofr20131033","displayToPublicDate":"2013-03-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1033","title":"U.S. Geological Survey science for the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative: 2011 annual report","docAbstract":"This is the fourth report produced by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) for the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative (WLCI) to detail annual work activities. In FY2011, there were 37 ongoing, completed, or new projects conducted under the five major multi-disciplinary science and technical-assistance activities: (1) Baseline Synthesis, (2) Targeted Monitoring and Research, (3) Data and Information Management, (4) Integration and Coordination, and (5) Decisionmaking and Evaluation. The four new work activities were (1) development of the Western Energy Citation Clearinghouse, a Web-based energy-resource database of references for literature and on-line resources focused on energy development and its effects on natural resources; (2) a study to support the Sublette County Conservation District in ascertaining potential water-quality impacts to the New Fork River from energy development in the Pinedale Anticline Project Area; (3) a study to test the efficacy of blending high-frequency temporal data provided by Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensors and high-resolution Landsat data for providing the fine-resolution data required to evaluate habitat responses to management activities at the landscape level; and (4) a study to examine the seasonal water chemistry of Muddy Creek, including documenting salinity patterns and providing a baseline for assessing potential effects of energy and other development on water quality in the Muddy Creek watershed. Two work activities were completed in FY2011: (1) the assessment of rancher perceptions of energy development in Southwest Wyoming and (2) mapping aspen stands and conifer encroachment using classification and regression tree (CART) analysis for effectiveness monitoring. The USGS continued to compile data, develop geospatial products, and upgrade Web-based products in support of both individual and overall WLCI efforts, including (1) ranking and prioritizing proposed conservation projects, (2) developing the WLCI integrated assessment, (3) developing the WLCI 5-year Conservation Action Plan, and (4) continuing to upgrade the content and improve the functionality of the WLCI Web site. For the WLCI FY2012 annual report, a decision was made to greatly reduce the overall length of the annual report, which will be accomplished by simplifying the report format and focusing on the take-home messages of each work activity for WLCI partners.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131033","usgsCitation":"Bowen, Z.H., Aldridge, C.L., Anderson, P.J., Assal, T.J., Biewick, L., Blecker, S.W., Boughton, G.K., Carr, N.B., Chalfoun, A., Chong, G.W., Clark, M.L., Diffendorfer, J.E., Fedy, B.C., Foster, K., Garman, S.L., Germaine, S., Hethcoat, M.G., Holloway, J., Homer, C.G., Kauffman, M., Keinath, D., Latysh, N., Manier, D.J., McDougal, R., Melcher, C.P., Miller, K.A., Montag, J., Olexa, E.M., Potter, C.J., Schell, S., Shafer, S., Smith, D., Stillings, L., Sweat, M.J., Tuttle, M., and Wilson, A.B., 2013, U.S. Geological Survey science for the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative: 2011 annual report: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1033, xiii, 145 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131033.","productDescription":"xiii, 145 p.","startPage":"i","endPage":"145","numberOfPages":"162","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-041360","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":269528,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1033/OF13-1033_508.pdf"},{"id":269529,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131033.gif"},{"id":269527,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1033/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.1,41.0 ], [ -111.1,45.0 ], [ -104.1,45.0 ], [ -104.1,41.0 ], [ -111.1,41.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5146d7dee4b0694ee75ad3dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bowen, Zachary H. 0000-0002-8656-1831 bowenz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8656-1831","contributorId":821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowen","given":"Zachary","email":"bowenz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aldridge, Cameron L. 0000-0003-3926-6941 aldridgec@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3926-6941","contributorId":191773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aldridge","given":"Cameron","email":"aldridgec@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":476070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, Patrick J. 0000-0003-2281-389X andersonpj@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2281-389X","contributorId":3590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Patrick","email":"andersonpj@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Assal, Timothy J. 0000-0001-6342-2954 assalt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6342-2954","contributorId":2203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Assal","given":"Timothy","email":"assalt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Biewick, 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C.","contributorId":64080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fedy","given":"Bradley","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Foster, Katharine","contributorId":38664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"Katharine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Garman, Steven L. 0000-0002-9032-9074 slgarman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9032-9074","contributorId":3741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garman","given":"Steven","email":"slgarman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Germaine, Stephanie","contributorId":72681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Germaine","given":"Stephanie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Hethcoat, Matthew G.","contributorId":66565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hethcoat","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Holloway, JoAnn 0000-0003-3603-7668","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3603-7668","contributorId":92752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holloway","given":"JoAnn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Homer, Collin G. 0000-0003-4755-8135 homer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4755-8135","contributorId":2262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Homer","given":"Collin","email":"homer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Kauffman, Matthew J. 0000-0003-0127-3900 mkauffman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0127-3900","contributorId":2963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauffman","given":"Matthew J.","email":"mkauffman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":476054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Keinath, Douglas","contributorId":12747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keinath","given":"Douglas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Latysh, Natalie 0000-0003-0149-3962 nlatysh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0149-3962","contributorId":1356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Latysh","given":"Natalie","email":"nlatysh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5060,"text":"Data Preservation Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":208,"text":"Core Science Analytics and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Manier, Daniel J. 0000-0002-1105-1327 manierd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1105-1327","contributorId":4589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manier","given":"Daniel","email":"manierd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":476062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"McDougal, Robert R.","contributorId":53418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDougal","given":"Robert R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Melcher, Cynthia P. 0000-0002-8044-9689 melcherc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8044-9689","contributorId":5094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melcher","given":"Cynthia","email":"melcherc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Miller, Kirk A. 0000-0002-8141-2001 kmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8141-2001","contributorId":3959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Kirk","email":"kmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"Montag, Jessica","contributorId":40057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Montag","given":"Jessica","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27},{"text":"Olexa, Edward M. 0000-0002-2000-6798 eolexa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2000-6798","contributorId":4448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olexa","given":"Edward","email":"eolexa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":28},{"text":"Potter, Christopher J. 0000-0002-2300-6670 cpotter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2300-6670","contributorId":1026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Potter","given":"Christopher","email":"cpotter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":29},{"text":"Schell, Spencer 0000-0001-7732-1863 schells@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7732-1863","contributorId":3357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schell","given":"Spencer","email":"schells@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":30},{"text":"Shafer, Sarah L.","contributorId":32623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shafer","given":"Sarah L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":31},{"text":"Smith, David B. 0000-0001-8396-9105 dsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8396-9105","contributorId":1274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"David B.","email":"dsmith@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":476047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":32},{"text":"Stillings, Lisa L. 0000-0002-9011-8891 stilling@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9011-8891","contributorId":3143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stillings","given":"Lisa L.","email":"stilling@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":476055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":33},{"text":"Sweat, Michael J. mjsweat@usgs.gov","contributorId":356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sweat","given":"Michael","email":"mjsweat@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":34},{"text":"Tuttle, Michele L. mtuttle@usgs.gov","contributorId":1028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tuttle","given":"Michele L.","email":"mtuttle@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":476046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":35},{"text":"Wilson, Anna B. 0000-0002-9737-2614 awilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9737-2614","contributorId":1619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Anna","email":"awilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":36}]}}
,{"id":70044633,"text":"ds709W - 2013 - Local-area-enhanced, 2.5-meter resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of the Ghunday-Achin mineral district in Afghanistan, in Davis, P.A, compiler, Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-17T20:55:47","indexId":"ds709W","displayToPublicDate":"2013-03-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"709","chapter":"W","title":"Local-area-enhanced, 2.5-meter resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of the Ghunday-Achin mineral district in Afghanistan, in Davis, P.A, compiler, Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Defense Task Force for Business and Stability Operations, prepared databases for mineral-resource target areas in Afghanistan. The purpose of the databases is to (1) provide useful data to ground-survey crews for use in performing detailed assessments of the areas and (2) provide useful information to private investors who are considering investment in a particular area for development of its natural resources. The set of satellite-image mosaics provided in this Data Series (DS) is one such database. Although airborne digital color-infrared imagery was acquired for parts of Afghanistan in 2006, the image data have radiometric variations that preclude their use in creating a consistent image mosaic for geologic analysis. Consequently, image mosaics were created using ALOS (Advanced Land Observation Satellite; renamed Daichi) satellite images, whose radiometry has been well determined (Saunier, 2007a,b). This part of the DS consists of the locally enhanced ALOS image mosaics for the Ghunday-Achin mineral district, which has magnesite and talc deposits.\n\nALOS was launched on January 24, 2006, and provides multispectral images from the AVNIR (Advanced Visible and Near-Infrared Radiometer) sensor in blue (420–500 nanometer, nm), green (520–600 nm), red (610–690 nm), and near-infrared (760–890 nm) wavelength bands with an 8-bit dynamic range and a 10-meter (m) ground resolution. The satellite also provides a panchromatic band image from the PRISM (Panchromatic Remote-sensing Instrument for Stereo Mapping) sensor (520–770 nm) with the same dynamic range but a 2.5-m ground resolution. The image products in this DS incorporate copyrighted data provided by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (©JAXA,2008,2009), but the image processing has altered the original pixel structure and all image values of the JAXA ALOS data, such that original image values cannot be recreated from this DS. As such, the DS products match JAXA criteria for value added products, which are not copyrighted, according to the ALOS end-user license agreement.\n\nThe selection criteria for the satellite imagery used in our mosaics were images having (1) the highest solar-elevation angles (near summer solstice) and (2) the least cloud, cloud-shadow, and snow cover. The multispectral and panchromatic data were orthorectified with ALOS satellite ephemeris data, a process which is not as accurate as orthorectification using digital elevation models (DEMs); however, the ALOS processing center did not have a precise DEM. As a result, the multispectral and panchromatic image pairs were generally not well registered to the surface and not coregistered well enough to perform resolution enhancement on the multispectral data. For this particular area, PRISM image orthorectification was performed by the Alaska Satellite Facility, applying its photogrammetric software to PRISM stereo images with vertical control points obtained from the digital elevation database produced by the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (Farr and others, 2007) and horizontal adjustments based on a controlled Landsat image base (Davis, 2006). The 10-m AVNIR multispectral imagery was then coregistered to the orthorectified PRISM images and individual multispectral and panchromatic images were mosaicked into single images of the entire area of interest. The image coregistration was facilitated using an automated control-point algorithm developed by the USGS that allows image coregistration to within one picture element. Before rectification, the multispectral and panchromatic images were converted to radiance values and then to relative-reflectance values using the methods described in Davis (2006). Mosaicking the multispectral or panchromatic images started with the image with the highest sun-elevation angle and the least atmospheric scattering, which was treated as the standard image. The band-reflectance values of all other multispectral or panchromatic images within the area were sequentially adjusted to that of the standard image by determining band-reflectance correspondence between overlapping images using linear least-squares analysis. The resolution of the multispectral image mosaic was then increased to that of the panchromatic image mosaic using the SPARKLE logic, which is described in Davis (2006). Each of the four-band images within the resolution-enhanced image mosaic was individually subjected to a local-area histogram stretch algorithm (described in Davis, 2007), which stretches each band’s picture element based on the digital values of all picture elements within a 500-m radius. The final databases, which are provided in this DS, are three-band, color-composite images of the local-area-enhanced, natural-color data (the blue, green, and red wavelength bands) and color-infrared data (the green, red, and near-infrared wavelength bands).\n\nAll image data were initially projected and maintained in Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) map projection using the target area’s local zone (42 for Ghunday-Achin) and the WGS84 datum. The final image mosaics were subdivided into six overlapping tiles or quadrants because of the large size of the target area. The six image tiles (or quadrants) for the Ghunday-Achin area are provided as embedded geotiff images, which can be read and used by most geographic information system (GIS) and image-processing software. The tiff world files (tfw) are provided, even though they are generally not needed for most software to read an embedded geotiff image. Within the Ghunday-Achin study area, two subareas were designated for detailed field investigations (that is, the Achin-Magnesite and Ghunday-Mamahel subareas); these subareas were extracted from the area’s image mosaic and are provided as separate embedded geotiff images.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan (DS 709)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds709W","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Defense Task Force for Business and Stability Operations and the Afghanistan Geological Survey; This report is Chapter W in <i>Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan</i> (DS 709)","usgsCitation":"Davis, P.A., Arko, S.A., and Harbin, M., 2013, Local-area-enhanced, 2.5-meter resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of the Ghunday-Achin mineral district in Afghanistan, in Davis, P.A, compiler, Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 709, HTML Document; Readme; 4 Index Maps: 71 x 33 inches; 16 Image Files; 16 Metadata; Shapefiles, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds709W.","productDescription":"HTML Document; Readme; 4 Index Maps: 71 x 33 inches; 16 Image Files; 16 Metadata; Shapefiles","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":269545,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds709w.png"},{"id":269539,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/w/"},{"id":269543,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/w/metadata/metadata.html"},{"id":269540,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/w/1_readme.txt"},{"id":269541,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/w/index_maps/index_maps.html"},{"id":269542,"type":{"id":14,"text":"Image"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/w/image_files/image_files.html"},{"id":269544,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/w/shapefiles/shapefiles.html"}],"country":"Afghanistan","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 58.0,28.0 ], [ 58.0,40.0 ], [ 78.0,40.0 ], [ 78.0,28.0 ], [ 58.0,28.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5146d7d2e4b0694ee75ad3d0","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Davis, Philip A. pdavis@usgs.gov","contributorId":692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Philip","email":"pdavis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":509264,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Davis, Philip A. pdavis@usgs.gov","contributorId":692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Philip","email":"pdavis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":476086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arko, Scott A.","contributorId":101929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arko","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harbin, Michelle L.","contributorId":20590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harbin","given":"Michelle L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70044626,"text":"sir20135002 - 2013 - Use of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) for simulating hydrology and water quality in the Cedar River Basin, Iowa, 2000--10","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-16T11:20:42","indexId":"sir20135002","displayToPublicDate":"2013-03-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5002","title":"Use of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) for simulating hydrology and water quality in the Cedar River Basin, Iowa, 2000--10","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Iowa Department of Natural Resources, used the Soil and Water Assessment Tool to simulate streamflow and nitrate loads within the Cedar River Basin, Iowa. The goal was to assess the ability of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool to estimate streamflow and nitrate loads in gaged and ungaged basins in Iowa. The Cedar River Basin model uses measured streamflow data from 12 U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging stations for hydrology calibration. The U.S. Geological Survey software program, Load Estimator, was used to estimate annual and monthly nitrate loads based on measured nitrate concentrations and streamflow data from three Iowa Department of Natural Resources Storage and Retrieval/Water Quality Exchange stations, located throughout the basin, for nitrate load calibration. The hydrology of the model was calibrated for the period of January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2004, and validated for the period of January 1, 2005, to December 31, 2010. Simulated daily, monthly, and annual streamflow resulted in Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient of model efficiency (E<sub>NS</sub>) values ranging from 0.44 to 0.83, 0.72 to 0.93, and 0.56 to 0.97, respectively, and coefficient of determination (R<sup>2</sup>) values ranging from 0.55 to 0.87, 0.74 to 0.94, and 0.65 to 0.99, respectively, for the calibration period. The percent bias ranged from -19 to 10, -16 to 10, and -19 to 10 for daily, monthly, and annual simulation, respectively. The validation period resulted in daily, monthly, and annual E<sub>NS</sub> values ranging from 0.49 to 0.77, 0.69 to 0.91, and -0.22 to 0.95, respectively; R<sup>2</sup> values ranging from 0.59 to 0.84, 0.74 to 0.92, and 0.36 to 0.92, respectively; and percent bias ranging from -16 for all time steps to percent bias of 14, 15, and 15, respectively.\n\nThe nitrate calibration was based on a small subset of the locations used in the hydrology calibration with limited measured data. Model performance ranges from unsatisfactory to very good for the calibration period (January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2004). Results for the validation period (January 1, 2005, to December 31, 2010) indicate a need for an increase of measured data as well as more refined documented management practices at a higher resolution. Simulated nitrate loads resulted in monthly and annual E<sub>NS</sub> values ranging from 0.28 to 0.82 and 0.61 to 0.86, respectively, and monthly and annual R<sup>2</sup> values ranging from 0.65 to 0.81 and 0.65 to 0.88, respectively, for the calibration period. The monthly and annual calibration percent bias ranged from 4 to 7 and 5 to 7, respectively. The validation period resulted in all but two E<sub>NS</sub> values less than zero. Monthly and annual validation R<sup>2</sup> values ranged from 0.5 to 0.67 and 0.25 to 0.48, respectively. Monthly and annual validation percent bias ranged from 46 to 68 for both time steps. A daily calibration and validation for nitrate loads was not performed because of the poor monthly and annual results; measured daily nitrate data are available for intervals of time in 2009 and 2010 during which a successful monthly and annual calibration could not be achieved.\n\nThe Cedar River Basin is densely gaged relative to other basins in Iowa; therefore, an alternative hydrology scenario was created to assess the predictive capabilities of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool using fewer locations of measured data for model hydrology calibration. Although the ability of the model to reproduce measured values improves with the number of calibration locations, results indicate that the Soil and Water Assessment Tool can be used to adequately estimate streamflow in less densely gaged basins throughout the State, especially at the monthly time step. However, results also indicate that caution should be used when calibrating a subbasin that consists of physically distinct regions based on only one streamflow-gaging station.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135002","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Iowa Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Hutchinson, K.J., and Christiansen, D.E., 2013, Use of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) for simulating hydrology and water quality in the Cedar River Basin, Iowa, 2000--10: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5002, v, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135002.","productDescription":"v, 36 p.","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2000-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-029808","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":269437,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135002.gif"},{"id":269435,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5002/"},{"id":269436,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5002/sir13_5002.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -96.64,40.38 ], [ -96.64,43.5 ], [ -90.14,43.5 ], [ -90.14,40.38 ], [ -96.64,40.38 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51458659e4b0c47b5d322a6f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hutchinson, Kasey J. khutchin@usgs.gov","contributorId":4223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutchinson","given":"Kasey","email":"khutchin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christiansen, Daniel E. 0000-0001-6108-2247 dechrist@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6108-2247","contributorId":366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christiansen","given":"Daniel","email":"dechrist@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70180387,"text":"70180387 - 2013 - Abundance, size distributions and trace-element binding of organic and iron-rich nanocolloids in Alaskan rivers, as revealed by field-flow fractionation and ICP-MS","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-07T14:31:33","indexId":"70180387","displayToPublicDate":"2013-03-15T14:31:17","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Abundance, size distributions and trace-element binding of organic and iron-rich nanocolloids in Alaskan rivers, as revealed by field-flow fractionation and ICP-MS","docAbstract":"<p><span>Water samples were collected from six small rivers in the Yukon River basin in central Alaska to examine the role of colloids and organic matter in the transport of trace elements in Northern high latitude watersheds influenced by permafrost. Concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), selected elements (Al, Si, Ca, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Ba, Pb, U), and UV-absorbance spectra were measured in 0.45</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>μm filtered samples. ‘Nanocolloidal size distributions’ (0.5–40</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>nm, hydrodynamic diameter) of humic-type and chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM), Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb were determined by on-line coupling of flow field-flow fractionation (FFF) to detectors including UV-absorbance, fluorescence, and ICP-MS. Total dissolved and nanocolloidal concentrations of the elements varied considerably between the rivers and between spring flood and late summer base flow. Data on specific UV-absorbance (SUVA), spectral slopes, and the nanocolloidal fraction of the UV-absorbance indicated a decrease in aromaticity and size of CDOM from spring flood to late summer. The nanocolloidal size distributions indicated the presence of different ‘components’ of nanocolloids. ‘Fulvic-rich nanocolloids’ had a hydrodynamic diameter of 0.5–3</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>nm throughout the sampling season; ‘organic/iron-rich nanocolloids’ occurred in the &lt;8</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>nm size range during the spring flood; whereas ‘iron-rich nanocolloids’ formed a discrete 4–40</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>nm components during summer base flow. Mn, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn were distributed between the nanocolloid components depending on the stability constant of the metal (+II)–organic complexes, while stronger association of Cr to the iron-rich nanocolloids was attributed to the higher oxidation states of Cr (+III or +IV). Changes in total dissolved element concentrations, size and composition of CDOM, and occurrence and size of organic/iron and iron-rich nanocolloids were related to variations in their sources from either the upper organic-rich soil or the deeper mineral layer, depending on seasonal variations in hydrological flow patterns and permafrost dynamics.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2012.11.018","usgsCitation":"Stolpe, B., Guo, L., Shiller, A.M., and Aiken, G.R., 2013, Abundance, size distributions and trace-element binding of organic and iron-rich nanocolloids in Alaskan rivers, as revealed by field-flow fractionation and ICP-MS: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 105, p. 221-239, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2012.11.018.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"221","endPage":"239","ipdsId":"IP-035129","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356296,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -152,\n              63.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -144,\n              63.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -144,\n              66\n            ],\n            [\n              -152,\n              66\n            ],\n            [\n              -152,\n              63.5\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"105","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b6fd361e4b0f5d57878edae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stolpe, Bjorn","contributorId":178895,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stolpe","given":"Bjorn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guo, Laodong","contributorId":176753,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guo","given":"Laodong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shiller, Alan M.","contributorId":100709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shiller","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Aiken, George R. 0000-0001-8454-0984 graiken@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":1322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"George","email":"graiken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":661487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70043912,"text":"cir1384 - 2013 - Progress toward establishing a national assessment of water availability and use","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-29T12:08:23","indexId":"cir1384","displayToPublicDate":"2013-03-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1384","title":"Progress toward establishing a national assessment of water availability and use","docAbstract":"<p>The Omnibus Public Land Management Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-11) was passed into law on March 30, 2009. Subtitle F, also known as the SECURE Water Act, calls for the establishment of a \"national water availability and use assessment program\" within the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). A major driver for this recommendation was that national water availability and use have not been comprehensively assessed since 1978. This report fulfills a requirement to report to Congress on progress in implementing the national water availability and use assessment program, also referred to as the National Water Census. The SECURE Water Act authorized \\$20 million for each of fiscal years (FY) 2009 through 2023 for assessment of national water availability and use. The first appropriation for this effort was \\$4 million in FY 2011, followed by an appropriation of \\$6 million in FY 2012. The National Water Census synthesizes and reports information at the regional and national scales, with an emphasis on compiling and reporting the information in a way that is useful to states and others responsible for water management and natural-resource issues. The USGS works with Federal and non-Federal agencies, universities, and other organizations to ensure that the information can be aggregated with other types of water-availability and socioeconomic information, such as data on food and energy production. To maximize the utility of the information, the USGS coordinates the design and development of the effort through the Federal Advisory Committee on Water Information. A National Water Census is a complex undertaking, particularly because there are major gaps in the information needed to conduct such an assessment. To maximize progress, the USGS engaged stakeholders in a discussion of priorities and leveraged existing studies and program activities to enhance efforts toward the development of a National Water Census.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1384","usgsCitation":"Alley, W., Evenson, E.J., Barber, N.L., Bruce, B.W., Dennehy, K.F., Freeman, M., Freeman, W.O., Fischer, J., Hughes, W.B., Kennen, J., Kiang, J.E., Maloney, K.O., Musgrove, M., Ralston, B.E., Tessler, S., and Verdin, J.P., 2013, Progress toward establishing a national assessment of water availability and use: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1384, vi, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1384.","productDescription":"vi, 36 p.","numberOfPages":"44","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":449,"text":"National Water Census","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270523,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/cir1384.png"},{"id":267955,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1384/support/c1384.pdf"},{"id":267956,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1384/"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 173.0,16.916667 ], [ 173.0,71.833333 ], [ -66.95,71.833333 ], [ -66.95,16.916667 ], [ 173.0,16.916667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"515d4f6ce4b0803bd2eec53d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alley, William M.","contributorId":93030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alley","given":"William M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evenson, Eric J. eevenson@usgs.gov","contributorId":4072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evenson","given":"Eric","email":"eevenson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":474461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barber, Nancy L. 0000-0002-2952-5017 nlbarber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2952-5017","contributorId":3679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"Nancy","email":"nlbarber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":474459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bruce, Breton W. bbruce@usgs.gov","contributorId":1127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bruce","given":"Breton","email":"bbruce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5078,"text":"Southwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":474454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dennehy, Kevin F. kdennehy@usgs.gov","contributorId":1128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dennehy","given":"Kevin","email":"kdennehy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":474455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Freeman, Mary 0000-0001-7615-6923 mcfreeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7615-6923","contributorId":3528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"Mary","email":"mcfreeman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":474458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Freeman, Ward O. wfreeman@usgs.gov","contributorId":1999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"Ward","email":"wfreeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":474456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Fischer, Jeffrey M. 0000-0003-2996-9272 fischer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2996-9272","contributorId":573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"Jeffrey M.","email":"fischer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":474450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hughes, William B. 0000-0001-5087-0889 wbhughes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5087-0889","contributorId":399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"William","email":"wbhughes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":474449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Kennen, Jonathan G. 0000-0002-5426-4445 jgkennen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5426-4445","contributorId":574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennen","given":"Jonathan G.","email":"jgkennen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":474451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Kiang, Julie E. 0000-0003-0653-4225 jkiang@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0653-4225","contributorId":2179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kiang","given":"Julie","email":"jkiang@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":474457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Maloney, Kelly O. 0000-0003-2304-0745 kmaloney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2304-0745","contributorId":4636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maloney","given":"Kelly","email":"kmaloney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":474462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Musgrove, MaryLynn","contributorId":34878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Musgrove","given":"MaryLynn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Ralston, Barbara E. 0000-0001-9991-8994 bralston@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9991-8994","contributorId":606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ralston","given":"Barbara","email":"bralston@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":474452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Tessler, Steven stessler@usgs.gov","contributorId":3772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tessler","given":"Steven","email":"stessler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":474460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Verdin, James P. 0000-0003-0238-9657 verdin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0238-9657","contributorId":720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"James","email":"verdin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":474453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16}]}}
,{"id":70043490,"text":"70043490 - 2013 - MODIS-informed greenness responsesto daytime land surface temperaturefluctuations and wildfire disturbancesin the Alaskan Yukon River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-13T16:31:29.714489","indexId":"70043490","displayToPublicDate":"2013-03-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2068,"text":"International Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"MODIS-informed greenness responsesto daytime land surface temperaturefluctuations and wildfire disturbancesin the Alaskan Yukon River Basin","docAbstract":"Pronounced climate warming and increased wildfire disturbances are known to modify forest composition and control the evolution of the boreal ecosystem over the Yukon River Basin (YRB) in interior Alaska. In this study, we evaluate the post-fire green-up rate using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) derived from 250 m 7 day eMODIS (an alternative and application-ready type of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data) acquired between 2000 and 2009. Our analyses indicate measureable effects on NDVI values from vegetation type, burn severity, post-fire time, and climatic variables. The NDVI observations from both fire scars and unburned areas across the Alaskan YRB showed a tendency of an earlier start to the growing season (GS); the annual variations in NDVI were significantly correlated to daytime land surface temperature (LST) fluctuations; and the rate of post-fire green-up depended mainly on burn severity and the time of post-fire succession. The higher average NDVI values for the study period in the fire scars than in the unburned areas between 1950 and 2000 suggest that wildfires enhance post-fire greenness due to an increase in post-fire evergreen and deciduous species components","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisherLocation":"London, UK","doi":"10.1080/01431161.2012.742215","usgsCitation":"Tan, Z., Liu, S., Jenkerson, C.B., Oeding, J., Wylie, B.K., Rover, J.R., and Young, C.J., 2013, MODIS-informed greenness responsesto daytime land surface temperaturefluctuations and wildfire disturbancesin the Alaskan Yukon River Basin: International Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 34, no. 6, p. 2187-2199, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2012.742215.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"2187","endPage":"2199","numberOfPages":"13","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-029373","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":268264,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -163.45,62.2 ], [ -163.45,68.97 ], [ -141.26,68.97 ], [ -141.26,62.2 ], [ -163.45,62.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"34","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-11-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"512c9613e4b0855fde6697d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tan, Zhengxi 0000-0002-4136-0921 ztan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4136-0921","contributorId":2945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tan","given":"Zhengxi","email":"ztan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, Shu-Guang sliu@usgs.gov","contributorId":984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Shu-Guang","email":"sliu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":473699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jenkerson, Calli B. 0000-0002-3780-9175 jenkerson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3780-9175","contributorId":469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkerson","given":"Calli","email":"jenkerson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Oeding, Jennifer joeding@usgs.gov","contributorId":4070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oeding","given":"Jennifer","email":"joeding@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":473703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wylie, Bruce K. 0000-0002-7374-1083 wylie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7374-1083","contributorId":750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wylie","given":"Bruce","email":"wylie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rover, Jennifer R. 0000-0002-3437-4030 jrover@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3437-4030","contributorId":2941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rover","given":"Jennifer","email":"jrover@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Young, Claudia J. 0000-0002-0859-7206 cyoung@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0859-7206","contributorId":2770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"Claudia","email":"cyoung@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":473700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70044596,"text":"sir20135028 - 2013 - Occurrence and variability of mining-related lead and zinc in the Spring River flood plain and tributary flood plains, Cherokee County, Kansas, 2009--11","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-15T09:15:21","indexId":"sir20135028","displayToPublicDate":"2013-03-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5028","title":"Occurrence and variability of mining-related lead and zinc in the Spring River flood plain and tributary flood plains, Cherokee County, Kansas, 2009--11","docAbstract":"Historical mining activity in the Tri-State Mining District (TSMD), located in parts of southeast Kansas, southwest Missouri, and northeast Oklahoma, has resulted in a substantial ongoing input of cadmium, lead, and zinc to the environment. To provide some of the information needed to support remediation efforts in the Cherokee County, Kansas, superfund site, a 4-year study was begun in 2009 by the U.S. Geological Survey that was requested and funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. A combination of surficial-soil sampling and coring was used to investigate the occurrence and variability of mining-related lead and zinc in the flood plains of the Spring River and several tributaries within the superfund site. Lead- and zinc-contaminated flood plains are a concern, in part, because they represent a long-term source of contamination to the fluvial environment.\n\nLead and zinc contamination was assessed with reference to probable-effect concentrations (PECs), which represent the concentrations above which adverse aquatic biological effects are likely to occur. The general PECs for lead and zinc were 128 and 459 milligrams per kilogram, respectively. The TSMD-specific PECs for lead and zinc were 150 and 2,083 milligrams per kilogram, respectively.\n\nTypically, surficial soils in the Spring River flood plain had lead and zinc concentrations that were less than the general PECs. Lead and zinc concentrations in the surficial-soil samples were variable with distance downstream and with distance from the Spring River channel, and the largest lead and zinc concentrations usually were located near the channel. Lead and zinc concentrations larger than the general or TSMD-specific PECs, or both, were infrequent at depth in the Spring River flood plain. When present, such contamination typically was confined to the upper 2 feet of the core and frequently was confined to the upper 6 inches.\n\nTributaries with few or no lead- and zinc-mined areas in the basin—Brush Creek, Cow Creek, and Shawnee Creek—generally had flood-plain lead and zinc concentrations (surficial soil, 6- and 12-inch depth) that were substantially less than the general PECs. Tributaries with extensive lead- and zinc-mined areas in the basin—Shoal Creek, Short Creek, Spring Branch, Tar Creek, Turkey Creek, and Willow Creek—had flood-plain lead concentrations (surficial soil, 6- and 12-inch depth) that frequently or typically exceeded the general and TSMD-specific PECs. Likewise, the tributaries with extensive lead- and zinc-mined areas in the basin had flood-plain zinc concentrations (surficial soil, 6- and 12-inch depth) that frequently or typically exceeded the general PEC. With the exception of Shoal and Willow Creeks, zinc concentrations typically exceeded the TSMD-specific PEC. The largest flood-plain lead and zinc concentrations (surficial soil, 6- and 12-inch depth) were measured for Short and Tar Creeks. Lead and zinc concentrations in the surficial-soil samples collected from the tributary flood plains varied longitudinally in relation to sources of mining-contaminated sediment in the basins. Lead and zinc concentrations also varied with distance from the channel; however, no consistent spatial trend was evident. For the surficial-soil samples collected from the Spring River flood plain and tributary flood plains, both the coarse (larger than 63 micrometers) and fine particles (less than 63 micrometers) contained substantial lead and zinc concentrations.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135028","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Juracek, K.E., 2013, Occurrence and variability of mining-related lead and zinc in the Spring River flood plain and tributary flood plains, Cherokee County, Kansas, 2009--11: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5028, vi, 70 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135028.","productDescription":"vi, 70 p.","numberOfPages":"80","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2009-01-01","temporalEnd":"2011-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":269350,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135028.gif"},{"id":269348,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5028/"},{"id":269349,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5028/sir2013-5028.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","county":"Cherokee County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95.073853,36.998665 ], [ -95.073853,37.341705 ], [ -94.617636,37.341705 ], [ -94.617636,36.998665 ], [ -95.073853,36.998665 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5142e35be4b073a963ff6535","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Juracek, Kyle E. 0000-0002-2102-8980 kjuracek@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2102-8980","contributorId":2022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Juracek","given":"Kyle","email":"kjuracek@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70044604,"text":"70044604 - 2013 - Worldwide phylogenetic relationship of avian poxviruses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-11T18:54:21.350931","indexId":"70044604","displayToPublicDate":"2013-03-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2497,"text":"Journal of Virology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Worldwide phylogenetic relationship of avian poxviruses","docAbstract":"<p><span>Poxvirus infections have been found in 230 species of wild and domestic birds worldwide in both terrestrial and marine environments. This ubiquity raises the question of how infection has been transmitted and globally dispersed. We present a comprehensive global phylogeny of 111 novel poxvirus isolates in addition to all available sequences from GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis of the&nbsp;</span><span id=\"named-content-1\" class=\"named-content genus-species\">Avipoxvirus</span><span>&nbsp;genus has traditionally relied on one gene region (4b core protein). In this study we expanded the analyses to include a second locus (DNA polymerase gene), allowing for a more robust phylogenetic framework, finer genetic resolution within specific groups, and the detection of potential recombination. Our phylogenetic results reveal several major features of avipoxvirus evolution and ecology and propose an updated avipoxvirus taxonomy, including three novel subclades. The characterization of poxviruses from 57 species of birds in this study extends the current knowledge of their host range and provides the first evidence of the phylogenetic effect of genetic recombination of avipoxviruses. The repeated occurrence of avian family or order-specific grouping within certain clades (e.g., starling poxvirus, falcon poxvirus, raptor poxvirus, etc.) indicates a marked role of host adaptation, while the sharing of poxvirus species within prey-predator systems emphasizes the capacity for cross-species infection and limited host adaptation. Our study provides a broad and comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the&nbsp;</span><span id=\"named-content-2\" class=\"named-content genus-species\">Avipoxvirus</span><span>&nbsp;genus, an ecologically and environmentally important viral group, to formulate a genome sequencing strategy that will clarify avipoxvirus taxonomy.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ASM Press","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1128/JVI.03183-12","usgsCitation":"Gyuranecz, M., Foster, J., Dan, A., Ip, S., Egstad, K.F., Parker, P., Higashiguchi, J.M., Skinner, M.A., Höfle, U., Kreizinger, Z., Dorrestein, G.M., Solt, S., Sos, E., Kim, Y.J., Uhart, M., Pereda, A., Gonzalez-Hein, G., Hidalgo, H., Blanco, J., and Erdelyi, K., 2013, Worldwide phylogenetic relationship of avian poxviruses: Journal of Virology, v. 87, no. 9, p. 4938-4951, https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.03183-12.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"4938","endPage":"4951","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-041490","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473917,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.03183-12","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":269395,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5142e360e4b073a963ff6545","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gyuranecz, Miklos","contributorId":104363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gyuranecz","given":"Miklos","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foster, Jeffrey T.","contributorId":8744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"Jeffrey T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dan, Adam","contributorId":40098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dan","given":"Adam","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ip, S. 0000-0003-4844-7533 hip@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4844-7533","contributorId":727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ip","given":"S.","email":"hip@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Egstad, Kristina F. 0000-0002-2755-6098 kegstad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2755-6098","contributorId":5120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Egstad","given":"Kristina","email":"kegstad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":475962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Parker, Patricia G.","contributorId":38269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"Patricia G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Higashiguchi, Jenni M.","contributorId":106396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Higashiguchi","given":"Jenni","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Skinner, Michael A.","contributorId":53256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skinner","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Höfle, Ursula","contributorId":26943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Höfle","given":"Ursula","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Kreizinger, Zsuzsa","contributorId":102352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kreizinger","given":"Zsuzsa","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Dorrestein, Gerry M.","contributorId":99849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorrestein","given":"Gerry","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Solt, Szabolcs","contributorId":85857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solt","given":"Szabolcs","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Sos, Endre","contributorId":29282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sos","given":"Endre","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Kim, Young Jun","contributorId":76612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"Young","email":"","middleInitial":"Jun","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Uhart, Marcela","contributorId":54482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Uhart","given":"Marcela","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Pereda, Ariel","contributorId":50422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pereda","given":"Ariel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Gonzalez-Hein, Gisela","contributorId":101534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gonzalez-Hein","given":"Gisela","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Hidalgo, Hector","contributorId":84233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hidalgo","given":"Hector","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Blanco, Juan-Manuel","contributorId":73886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blanco","given":"Juan-Manuel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Erdelyi, Karoly","contributorId":66979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erdelyi","given":"Karoly","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20}]}}
,{"id":70044606,"text":"ds709V - 2013 - Local-area-enhanced, 2.5-meter resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of the Uruzgan mineral district in Afghanistan: Chapter V in <i>Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-14T20:50:12","indexId":"ds709V","displayToPublicDate":"2013-03-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"709","chapter":"V","title":"Local-area-enhanced, 2.5-meter resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of the Uruzgan mineral district in Afghanistan: Chapter V in <i>Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan</i>","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Defense Task Force for Business and Stability Operations, prepared databases for mineral-resource target areas in Afghanistan. The purpose of the databases is to (1) provide useful data to ground-survey crews for use in performing detailed assessments of the areas and (2) provide useful information to private investors who are considering investment in a particular area for development of its natural resources. The set of satellite-image mosaics provided in this Data Series (DS) is one such database. Although airborne digital color-infrared imagery was acquired for parts of Afghanistan in 2006, the image data have radiometric variations that preclude their use in creating a consistent image mosaic for geologic analysis. Consequently, image mosaics were created using ALOS (Advanced Land Observation Satellite; renamed Daichi) satellite images, whose radiometry has been well determined (Saunier, 2007a,b). This part of the DS consists of the locally enhanced ALOS image mosaics for the Uruzgan mineral district, which has tin and tungsten deposits.\n\nALOS was launched on January 24, 2006, and provides multispectral images from the AVNIR (Advanced Visible and Near-Infrared Radiometer) sensor in blue (420–500 nanometer, nm), green (520–600 nm), red (610–690 nm), and near-infrared (760–890 nm) wavelength bands with an 8-bit dynamic range and a 10-meter (m) ground resolution. The satellite also provides a panchromatic band image from the PRISM (Panchromatic Remote-sensing Instrument for Stereo Mapping) sensor (520–770 nm) with the same dynamic range but a 2.5-m ground resolution. The image products in this DS incorporate copyrighted data provided by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (©JAXA, 2008, 2009), but the image processing has altered the original pixel structure and all image values of the JAXA ALOS data, such that original image values cannot be recreated from this DS. As such, the DS products match JAXA criteria for value added products, which are not copyrighted, according to the ALOS end-user license agreement.\n\nThe selection criteria for the satellite imagery used in our mosaics were images having (1) the highest solar-elevation angles (near summer solstice) and (2) the least cloud, cloud-shadow, and snow cover. The multispectral and panchromatic data were orthorectified with ALOS satellite ephemeris data, a process which is not as accurate as orthorectification using digital elevation models (DEMs); however, the ALOS processing center did not have a precise DEM. As a result, the multispectral and panchromatic image pairs were generally not well registered to the surface and not coregistered well enough to perform resolution enhancement on the multispectral data. Therefore, it was necessary to (1) register the 10-m AVNIR multispectral imagery to a well-controlled Landsat image base, (2) mosaic the individual multispectral images into a single image of the entire area of interest, (3) register each panchromatic image to the registered multispectral image base, and (4) mosaic the individual panchromatic images into a single image of the entire area of interest. The two image-registration steps were facilitated using an automated control-point algorithm developed by the USGS that allows image coregistration to within one picture element. Before rectification, the multispectral and panchromatic images were converted to radiance values and then to relative-reflectance values using the methods described in Davis (2006). Mosaicking the multispectral or panchromatic images started with the image with the highest sun-elevation angle and the least atmospheric scattering, which was treated as the standard image. The band-reflectance values of all other multispectral or panchromatic images within the area were sequentially adjusted to that of the standard image by determining band-reflectance correspondence between overlapping images using linear least-squares analysis. The resolution of the multispectral image mosaic was then increased to that of the panchromatic image mosaic using the SPARKLE logic, which is described in Davis (2006). Each of the four-band images within the resolution-enhanced image mosaic was individually subjected to a local-area histogram stretch algorithm (described in Davis, 2007), which stretches each band’s picture element based on the digital values of all picture elements within a 500-m radius. The final databases, which are provided in this DS, are three-band, color-composite images of the local-area-enhanced, natural-color data (the blue, green, and red wavelength bands) and color-infrared data (the green, red, and near-infrared wavelength bands).\n\nAll image data were initially projected and maintained in Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) map projection using the target area’s local zone (42 for Uruzgan) and the WGS84 datum. The final image mosaics were subdivided into eight overlapping tiles or quadrants because of the large size of the target area. The eight image tiles (or quadrants) for the Uruzgan area are provided as embedded geotiff images, which can be read and used by most geographic information system (GIS) and image-processing software. The tiff world files (tfw) are provided, even though they are generally not needed for most software to read an embedded geotiff image.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan (DS 709)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds709V","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Defense Task Force for Business and Stability Operations and the Afghanistan Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Davis, P.A., 2013, Local-area-enhanced, 2.5-meter resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of the Uruzgan mineral district in Afghanistan: Chapter V in <i>Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan</i>: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 709, HTML Document; Readme; 4 Index Maps: 66 x 59 inches; 16 Image Files; 16 Metadata; 1 Shapefile, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds709V.","productDescription":"HTML Document; Readme; 4 Index Maps: 66 x 59 inches; 16 Image Files; 16 Metadata; 1 Shapefile","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":269393,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds709v.png"},{"id":269389,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/v/index_maps/index_maps.html"},{"id":269390,"type":{"id":14,"text":"Image"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/v/image_files/image_files.html"},{"id":269391,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/v/metadata/metadata.html"},{"id":269392,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/v/shapefiles/shapefiles.html"},{"id":269387,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/v/"},{"id":269388,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/v/1_readme.txt"}],"country":"Afghanistan","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 58.0,28.0 ], [ 58.0,40.0 ], [ 78.0,40.0 ], [ 78.0,28.0 ], [ 58.0,28.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5142e35ae4b073a963ff6531","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, Philip A. pdavis@usgs.gov","contributorId":692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Philip","email":"pdavis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":475992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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